PORTFOLIO by GERGANA RUSENOVA
CONTENTS
Computational Design Projects.................................................................p 01 Art Installation in Udachnaya Pipe (WS 2011-12) Game of Connections (SS 2013) Bridge (WS 2014-15) Adaptive Systems (WS 2014.15) Adaptive Winding (SS 2015) Bachelor Thesis (SS 2013).............................................................................p 06 Master Thesis (SS 2015).................................................................................p 10 Work Experience...............................................................................................p 16 at Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering (09.2011-09.2013) at Architekturbüro Prof. Wolfgang Kergaßner (10.2013-10.2014)
IMAGE : Particle Simulation (Source: G. Rusenova, 2015, Master Thesis, ICD, University of Stuttgart)
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS 2011-15
For the past five years, participation in computational design seminars has yielded expertise with the cross-platform scripting language Python within the CAD software Rhinoceros. Different topics like L-systems, branching, agent-based systems, surface parametrization, mesh topology, object oriented programming were explored. Within these seminars, several projects were assigned; these rather small and abstract but educational projects were considered fundamental for the development of solid programming skills.
IMAGE : Diagram Final Prototype (Source: G. Rusenova, WS 2011, Algorithmic Geometry (Seminar), ICD, University of Stuttgart)
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RANDOM DISTRIBUTION
SELF-ORGANIZATION
CONNECTIVITY
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS 2011-15 Game of Connections
SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
Seminar: Algorithmische Raumstrukturen WS 2012 Tutors: Prof. A. Menges, K. Dierichs, M. Dรถrstelmann (ICD) S. Wockenfuร , B. Klinge (IRGE)
INPUT
WEIGHTS
HIDDEN LAYER
RANDOM DISTRIBUTION
ERROR
SELF-ORGANIZATION OF POINTS WITH DIFFERENT WEIGHTS
MEETING POINT
The aim of the seminar was to generate a differentiated spatial system using associative modelling that is based on relevant parameters, like spatial density, connection and arrangement.
SPACE
CONTROLLED CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTION
The inspiration for the project was the complex connectivity of the neuron network systems, where the information transfer depends on the impulse flows between the individual neurons. Similar to the rules for information forwarding inside a neuron network, an agent-based system was generated, where points/agents with different weights/properties were randomly distributed. A set of connectivity and attraction rules was provided. For example, the inclination between two points should not be more than 6 %, since the network should serve as a corridor system through the generated spaces. As a next step, a time-bound self-organizing relaxation process took place until each of the individual agents found a position that met the demands of the overall configuration and an equilibrium state was established. Based on the properties assigned to the points in the beginning and the connection rules between them a differentiated mesh was generated.
SPACE DEFINITION
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COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS 2011-15 Art Installation in Udachnaya Pipe Seminar: Algorithmic Geometry, WS 2011 Tutors: Prof. A. Menges, E. Baharlou (ICD)
Udachnaya Pipe
This seminar investigated the potential of algorithmic logic for architectural design and focused on different methods to explore spatial organization. Udachnaya Pipe is a diamond deposit in the Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field in Sakha Republic, Russiai and is one of the largest pits on the Earth´s surface with a depth of more than 600 m. Towards the goal of designing an exhibition space for the abandoned mine, a growth algorithm was developed where the width and depth of the hole were given as external and alterable parameters. The structure of the formation was relaxed in regard to the hole´s geometry. Exhibition boxes were placed on every division point of the branches where different objects could be exposed. The code consists of two parts – growth relaxation function and class function that allows for the differentiated placement of the objects according to external parameters.
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COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS 2011-15 Adaptive Bubbles
Seminar: Computational Design Techniques and Design Thinking, WS 2015 Tutors: Prof. A. Menges, E. Baharlou, M. Prado (ICD)
1. ITERATION
top
2. ITERATION
front
right
top
3. ITERATION
front
right
top
4. ITERATION
front
right
top
5. ITERATION
front
right
top
front
right
This project concentrates on exploration and implementation of the metaball-algorithm, the metaball-topology and the spaces it encloses. Additionally, in order to provide flexibility and dynamic movement to the system a branching-algorithm was applied. The first task in the project was to translate the Metaball-Algorithm 3D space into Python Script. Metaball is an algorithm, used to generate an approximation of a smooth curved, closed surface from just a set of test points, which are enclosed in the generated surface. In the second part of the exercise, the Branching-Algorithm creates a set of rules which control the number and the location of the test points. The output of this tool is a tree that “bends� after each generation and simulates a movement. The two algorithms were combined and the result was a variety of different spatial formations.
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DISTANCE SENSOR
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS 2011-15 Adaptive Winding
WEIGHT
Seminar: Computational Design and Digital Fabrication WS 2015 Tutors: Prof. A. Menges, L. Vasey, M. Prado (ICD)
SPOOL
ARDUINO UNO
AMPLIFIER
WEIGHT
SIGNAL
DISTANCE SENSOR
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Based on the fabrication process of the ICD/ ITKE Research Pavilions 2013-14 (University Stuttgart), this project focused on robotic winding methods without molding. The aim was to develop techniques for real time sensing that could allow for online adaptation of the robotic path. Since the winding process had no prefabricated mold, only control points/nails were used for the experiments conducted in this project. One main issue encountered during the first investigations was due to highly varying levels of tension in the thread resulting in incomplete hooking of the control points. To measure the tension in the fibre, an external setup was built where the thread always spanned horizontally between two hooks and an ultrasonic distance sensor was placed in the middle. An Arduino Uno board fed instructions to the ultrasonic sensor through a C program developed with the Arduino computer interface. The Arduino board was connected directly to the KUKA industrial robot using the spindle ports on the wrist. The script written in KUKA Robot Language (KRL) sent instructions for path correction. If the sensor measured a distance less than a particular value, a signal was sent to the robot and path adaptation process took place.
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BACHELOR´S THESIS ITKE/ICD Researchpavilion 2013-14 : Development of connections and structural reinforcements for fiber composites using computational design methods WS 2013 Tutors: Prof. Achim Menges, M. Dörstelmann, T. Schwinn, M. Prado (ICD) Prof. Jan Knippers, V. Kirtzakis, S. Parascho (ITKE)
This research was part of the ITKE/ICD Research Pavilion 2013. For this research pavilion, the complete prototypical process was achieved. Beyond the development of basic design processes and parameters, novel fabrication tools were developed, and the complex interaction of two industrial robots winding carbon and glass fibers was investigated. The winding pattern methodology yielded innovative possibilities for the design and manufacture of highly efficient, lightweight fiber composite applications in architecture. This bachelor’s thesis consists of two major aspects of the overall project. One part was the development of a computational tool in Python scripting language for extracting data from finite element analysis and translating it into geometrical vectors. These vectors were used for the generation of differentiated winding paths for the structural reinforcement of the components. The second par was the analysis of the force flow in the connection area between the separate units, and the development of different joint techniques.
IMAGE : ITKE/ICD Rerearch Pavilion 2013-14 Robotic Fabrication (Source: G. Rusenova, SS 2013, Bachelor Thesis, ICD, University of Stuttgart)
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BACHELOR´S THESIS
IMPORT MESH
READ EXCEL VALUES IN PYTHON SCRIPT
CREATE STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT WINDING PATTERN
SHORT FORCE VECTORS LONG FORCE VECTORS
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FORCE FLOW IN THE CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO ELEMENTS
CONNECTION DETAIL
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BACHELOR´S THESIS
IMAGE : ITKE/ ICD Research Pavilion 2013-14 (Source: ICD, University of Stuttgart)
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MASTER´S THESIS EMERGENT SPACE: Simulations and Analyses of Spatial Aggregate Formations WS 2015 Tutors: Prof. A. Menges, K. Dierichs, E. Baharlou (ICD) Prof. J. Knippers (ITKE) SORTING OF PARTICLE SIMULATION
This master thesis contributes to the investigations in the field of Aggregate Architecture by linking together the following two research areas: the simulations of aggregate formations, and the concept for adaptive formwork using computational tools.
FORMWORK /ADAPTATION/
FORMWORK ACTIVATION
DIGITAL MODEL
PHYSICAL MODEL
The aim of the research was to investigate the capacity of aggregates as an architectural material system in order to construct emergent spatial formations. The focus is on simulations and analyses of granulates’ micro-mechanical behavior, and the stability of the formations as a main design driver. The goal was to create an online system for an adaptive inflatable formwork, which based on the simulation results reacts to the actual stability state of the aggregate formation. The overall concept was also proven and verified in a 1:1 scaled physical model. The proposal for a design process can be described as looping process consisting of three individual steps
PARTICLE SIMULATION
1. DEM Simulation of initial spatial aggregate formation, 2. Analysis of the results according to two parameters, namely the aggregate velocity and the number of contact forces, and 3. Adaptation of the formwork according to the simulation results. After the loop in the digital model was complete for one iteration, an activation signal was sent to the physical model.
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MASTER´S THESIS NUMBER = 156 POSITION = (159.79, -87.55, 91.16)
NUMBER = 156 POSITION = (159.79, -87.55, 91.16)
NUMBER = 156 POSITION = (159.79, -87.55, 91.16) VELOCITY = 60000 E+04 mm/s
NUMBER = 156 POSITION = (159.79, -87.55, 91.16) VELOCITY = 60000E+04 mm/s NUMBER CONTACT FORCES = 0
EXCEL DATA SHEET FROM SIMULATION SOFTWARE
READ DATA IN GRASSHOPPER
IMPORT MESHES FROM SIMULATION SOFTWARE
The observed simulation parameters are the number of contact forces of each aggregate displayed as arrows, and the velocity with which each particle moves during the settling, displayed by colors, ranging from red to blue- representing fast to slow, respectively. A computational tool that links the different software used for the execution of the project was developed. The output values from the simulation program: the x-, y- and z-coordinates of each aggregate centroid, the velocity and the number of contact forces of each aggregate, were exported as Excel sheets and imported in the Grasshopper-plugin for Rhinoceros. The different sets of simulations were analyzed with the developed computational tool.
DISTRIBUTE DATA
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MASTER´S THESIS
front view
right view
short velocity vector
This set of simulations observes the stochastic behavior of the material. Thus one simulation with the same setup was tested ten times and the results were recorded and analyzed via statistical software. The setup consists of a container 210 x 120 cm, two spheres with diameter 60 cm in the middle and 30 cm space between them which allows the formation of a column. 1000 6-armed aggregates with 30 cm in diameter were poured into the test container. Average values were extracted for both clump velocity and the number of contact forces parameters. These values were later used as an input for closing the design loop
middle long velocity vector long velocity vector
front view
right view Simulation 01
Simulation 02
front view
right view
Simulation 03
front view
right view
Simulation 04
MEAN velocity vector= 0.657224 mm MEAN CONTACT FORCES = 29 (pebbles)
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MASTER´S THESIS
low velocity
high velocity
ITERATION 1 + 200 time cycles
ITERATION 2 + 400 time cycles
The setup for the final simulation and physical model consists of four spherical formwork agents that control the online observation of the material behavior during the simulation, and react to it by appearing or disappearing, inflating or deflating in both the simulation and the physical model. The calculation of which balloon should be inflated is done directly inside of the simulation software PFC 3D using Python script for calculating the length of the velocity vector and the number of contact forces for each aggregate. Based on the statistical simulations done in an earlier stage of the project, values for the fragile stability of the aggregates were extracted. These values form an if-statement in the code that triggers the inflation of the balloons. The code calculates the X and Y centroid coordinates of the weakest aggregates in the system and finds the nearest inflation point. These values are saved in a .TXT file which is connected to the Firefly Plugin for Grasshopper. From there, a signal is sent to the according balloon in the physical model.
ITERATION 3 + 600 time cycles
ITERATION 4 + 800 time cycles
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MASTER´S THESIS COMPUTER
ELECTRICITY FEED-IN/ 220 V
ARDUINO UNO
POWER SWITCHING STATION
COMPRESSOR
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
THREE-WAY MAGNET VALVES
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WORK EXPERIENCE at Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering student employee (Sept. 2011- Sept. 2013)
In the period from 2011 until 2013, work experience in the field of complex geometry and faรงade structures was gained as a student employee at Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering. The work on international projects also facilitated close collaboration with engineers and architectural offices from different countries worldwide. It provided the opportunity for deepen the knowledge in Rhinoscript and put the application in practice.
IMAGE : Disney Lake Bridge - Perspective, Shanghai (Source: Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering)
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WORK EXPERIENCE
IMAGE : Disney Lake Bridge - Detail, Shanghai (Source: Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering)
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IMAGE : NOIDA - Yamunotri Mixed Use Development, Noida, India (Source: Knippers Helbig/ Atkins Architects)
IMAGE : Baosteel (Source: Knippers Helbig/ Massimiliano Fusksas Architetto)
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WORK EXPERIENCE at Architecturbüro Prof. W. Kergaßner architect in practice (Oct. 2013- Oct. 2014)
In the span of a year, work experience was gained in working on a large project for the company ZF Friedrichshafen AG with a budget of 90 000 000 Euro. The project aim was the design and construction of an office building with 30 000 m2 useable space for the company’s board of directors, and an additional exhibition area in the lobby. This provided an opportunity to work closely with engineering and executive firms in designing and solving issues within a developed phase of the project.
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GERGANA RUSENOVA Contact: rusenova.g@gmail.com