TIMELINE

1842

Ada Lovelace: the first algorithm

Ada Lovelace published the first algorithm to be run by Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, making her the first computer programmer.

Lovelace detailed applications for the Analytical Engine that relate to how computers are used today.

1950s

Pioneering computer programming

An admiral in the United States’ Navy, Grace Hopper was one of the first programmers for the Harvard Mark I computer, which was used in the war effort for WWII. Her work also led to the development of the programming language COBOL, which is still in use today.

1961

Putting humans in orbit

Katherine Johnson was instrumental to calculating the launch window for Alan Shepard’s first space flight. Johnson, who was immortalised in the 2016 film Hidden Figures, worked on calculations for Project Apollo's Lunar Lander, the Space Shuttle, and the Earth Resources Satellite. In 2015, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

1960s Software engineering

Credited by NASA with coming up with the term ‘software engineering’, Margaret Hamilton led a team that developed the in-flight software for the Apollo missions and Skylab. Hamilton worked on software development for Apollo 11, the first spacecraft to complete a successful mission that placed humans on the moon in 1969.

1965

The first women with a PhD in computer science

Sister Mary Kenneth Keller became the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Creating the programming language BASIC – opening the door for anyone to learn programming – Keller went on to advocate for the use of computers in education and to encourage women to get involved in computer science.

1984

STP: The foundation of the internet

Radia Perlman invented the spanning tree protocol (STP), one of the foundations of the Internet as we know it today.

Perlman holds over 100 issued patents and is the recipient of awards including

Lifetime Achievement awards from Usenix and the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2014, she was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.