Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes individual packages and school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:
Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again, saving both time and effort. We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciencesbased curriculum with applications from daily life.
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INVENTING CAN BE LEARNED
Using Gigo’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has a readyto assemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual creativity. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning innovation through play! We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.
5.4.3.2.1.
2 7. Irrigation Canal 8. Water Gun 10. Monograph (2) 11. Pet Water Dispenser 20. Monograph (4) 19. Fishery Oxygen Machine 18. Water Wheel Mixer 17. Hydraulic Claw 16. Sawmill 15. Monograph (3) 14. Water-powered car 13. Water Sprinkler 12. Shock Absorbers 9. Weight Lifting Machine 4. Counter Current 5. Monograph (1) 6. Shishi-odoshi 3. Surface Tension 2. Water Power 1. The Secret of water Parts List EducationIndex Philosophy 1 41 47 9 55 17 61 23 73 33 81 2 3 43 5 51 13 59 21 67 27 77 37 Index
3 Parts List x2 x2 x20x20x6x6 x6 x6 x6 x8 x10 x6 x6 x6 x1 x4x2x4 x2 x6 x4 x2x4x10 x1 x2 x4x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2x2 x1x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x2x1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 1 x1
Parts List :
4 No. Description Item No. Qty. 1 B-PEG REMOVER 1 2 C-BASE GRID 2 3 C-LONG CYLINDER 2 4 C-LONG PEG 20 5 B-SHORT PEG 20 6 C-3 HOLE ROD 6 7 C-3 HOLE DUAL ROD 6 8 C-5 HOLE ROD 6 9 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD 6 10 C-11 HOLE ROD 6 11 C-15 HOLE DUAL ROD 8 12 C-BENDED ROD 10 13 C-5X5 FRAME 6 14 C-5X10 FRAME 6 15 C-5X15 FRAME 6 16 C-5x13 DUAL FRAME 1 17 C-20T GEAR 4 18 C-40T GEAR 2 19 C-60T GEAR 4 20 C-30mm AXLE II 2 21 C-70mm AXLE II 6 22 C-100mm AXLE II 4 No. Description Item No. Qty. 23 C-ROD CONNECTOR 2 24 C-TWO-IN-ONE CONVERTER 4 25 C-20mm AXLE CONNECTOR 10 26 C-WORM GEAR 1 27 C-RACING TIRE 2 28 C-HINGE 4 29 C-OD15.8 FLAT O RING 2 30 C-RECYCLED WATER STORAGE 1 31 C-BUOYANCY BOTTLE WITH LID 1 32 C-SECURED AIR-WATER STORAGE 1 33 C-SECURED ONE-WAY SWITCH 1 34 C-L SECURITY NUT 2 35 C-S SECURITY NUT 2 36 C-1200mm TUBE B 1 37 C-2000mm TUBE A 1 38 C-SECURED PUMP 1 39 C-AIR-WATER POWER PACK 1 40 C-CAR LAUNCHER 1 41 C-NOZZLE B 2 42 C-NOZZLE A 1 43 C-8 PIN ROUND FRAME FOR BOTTLE 2 44 C-STORAGE CAP 17413-W10-L2D7061-W10-Q1D7413-W10-N1D7026-W10-W5Y7346-W10-C1B7026-W10-D2R7061-W10-U1W7413-W10-J1W7413-W10-I1W7413-W10-Q1W7061-W10-V1W7413-W10-Z1W7413-W10-P1W7413-W10-X1W7413-W10-K2W7413-W10-Y1W7026-W10-Q2W7344-W10-C2D7061-W10-C1R1156-W85-C1G7125-W10-A1SK7061-W10-B1Y 7323-W10-B1Y7362-W10-G1Y7323-W85-C1Y7375-W10-E5Y7323-W85-D1W1155-W85-H1G1155-W85-D2GN1155-W85-2001155-W85-1201156-W10-J1Y1156-W10-N1Y1155-W85-I3DN1155-W85-B2GN7362-W85-J11155-W85-C1GR12-057061-W85-F1W1115-W85-F2S7344-W10-A1W7413-W10-T1B7061-W10-G1W7026-W10-L2W
TIPS AND TRICKS: When fi ing gears onto the frame with drive a le be sure to keep a proper space about mm between the gear and the frames ig. . nd try to turn the gear to ensure every gear in the gear train turning smoothly so that the least friction will be created and most efficient power transmission can be e pected. ig. ig.ig. ig. sing peg remover to pull peg off as ig.singshows.pegremover to pull a le off as fig. shows. he models will often have several gear wheels installed in a row, or gear train. n order for the models to work well, thesae gears will have to mesh well. therwise, the force from one gear wheel won t be properly transferred to the ne t. . ay attention to the hole . - eg remover C. ear wheels ere are a few tips for assembling and using the models. ead them carefully before starting. without space with space or more tips,pleaseassemblyreferto
5 1 Water cycle Scientific Application
ewage wastewater must first be treated before being drained into the ocean.
Brainstorming
Water is found everywhere in our daily lives, but have you ever thought about where it comes from and where it goes he term water cycle , also known as the hydrologic cycle, refers to the ourney that water takes on, above and below the surface of the earth. t s an endless cycle that has neither a start nor an ending point. Clouds release rain which is then absorbed into the soil, reservoirs, and rivers. ain that accumulates in rivers and oceans then evaporates and forms new clouds once again in a continuous cycle. his is water s natural cycle. f rain enters a reservoir, it then goes through a water purification process before being delivered to each house. ven though the water cycle allows us to use water repeatedly, we still need to learn how to conserve water because wasting it will negatively impact the environment. f the circulation of water is affected and our water resources are depleted, the results could be disastrous and lead to drought.
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The Secret of water
What impact would there be on our daily lives if there were no longer any water on arth
Wastewater treatment is a critical process in dealing with water pollution. hysical, chemical, and biological methods are used for wastewater both human and industrial in order to separate and remove the pollutants in the water. his reduces the impact of wastewater on the environment and leads to clean, healthy water resources.
6 Tube A Tube B Tube 100mmA 1 23 Parts List x2 2 x2 15 x1 29 x1 30 x1 31 x2 34 x2 35 x1 36 x1 37 x1 38 x1 32
7 Tube A Tube B 300mm Tube 300mmA 300mm 4 1 The Secret of waterModelVideoOperation Done
8 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service lace a few drops of colored ink into some water. bserve and record the path the water takes. emember to rinse the container with clean water after the e periment. raw all the scientific applications that make use of the water cycle and add them to the model.
Brainstorming f you were to open the top of your toilet and look inside, you would see that the biggest ob ect inside is a oating ball. ue to its buoyancy, the ball moves up and down in congruence with the water level. When the water level reaches a certain height, the ball acts as a switch. s the water level rises inside the tank, the ball rises as well, lifting the oat arm attached to it. When the oat arm is raised high enough, it lowers a valve plunger, shutting off any further incoming water. his helps prevent the tank from over owing.
9 2 uoyancy Scientific ApplicationWater Power
What are some e amples of buoyancy in everyday life DailyApplicationDaily oday while igi was playing volleyball with her grandpa in the park, she accidentally threw the ball into the park fountain. t first igi was worried that the ball would sink below the water, but to her surprise the ball didn t sink at all but floated peacefully on the water. randpa e plained to the surprised igi, When ob ects are in a li uid, the li uid e erts an upward force on the ob ect and this force is called buoyancy. e went on to say, s long as an ob ect s density is lower than that of the li uid, or, in other words, the buoyancy is greater than gravity, the ob ect will float on the li uid. fter hearing this, igi thought, ow know why boats can float t s due to the principle of buoyancy randpa praised igi for her ability to make the connection to a real life e ample and let her try placing different ob ects into a sink filled with water at home to see which items would float and which would sink.
10 1 3 2 ×2 Parts List x1 2 x2 8 x4 9 x4 25 x1 43 x1 31 x1 30 x2 14 x2 13
Power
11 4 2 ModelVideoOperation
DoneWater
12 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service ow would the balance change if we were to place a different-si ed balloon in the storage tank d ust the model so that an ob ect can float in water without ipping over easily.
13 3 urface ension Scientific ApplicationTensionSurface Brainstorming
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ogo has a younger cousin who loves to blow bubbles and one day the curious cousin turned to ogo and asked, ey Cu , why are bubbles round no matter how we blow them ogo was stumped and didn t know the answer, so he asked the man selling bubble machines and he said, i uids have a force that causes the surface area to shrink, and this force is called surface tension. he surface tension of water allows it to shrink inwards to minimi e its surface area so that the water can remain stable in a state of low energy. t identical volumes, a sphere is the shape with the smallest surface area and that is why water droplets or bubbles are both round.heman decided it was a good teachable moment and asked ogo if he knew of any animals that used surface tension to move around. ogo thought for awhile and replied, Water striders
Water striders, also known as pond skaters or water skaters , are a type of insect that lives on the surface of water. Water striders are able to stay afloat on water mostly due to their legs which have countless numbers of thin hairs on them. ach hair has a special trench-like structure that creates a lot of surface tension. his massive amount of surface tension allows the water strider to walk on water without breaking it, thus allowing the striders to oat on water.
What factors do you think could impact surface tension
14 70mm 30mm 1 5 6 4 3 2 Parts List x1 2 x10 4 x1 6 x2 7 x2 9 x1 11 x1 12 x2 13 x2 14 x1 18 x2 19 x1 20 x1 21 x1 25 x1 28 x1 30 x1 34 x1 37 x2 17 x1 38
15 Tube 300mmTube300mmAA 7 8 3 ModelVideoOperation DoneSurface Tension
16 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service our as much water as possible into the gear s trenches without letting any of it spill out. bserve how the surface tension of water varies at each temperature and record the results.
While igi was playing at home with her sister, she accidentally tipped over a ug of water. Water immediately spilled all over the table and her mother helped her clean it up with a sponge. he sponge uickly soaked up lot of the water.
Capillary action is the ability of li uids to travel up a thin tube, even when moving in the opposite direction of gravity. his is the result of the intermolecular forces that e ist between the li uid and the surrounding solid surfaces it travels through, namely cohesion and adhesion. ue to this, li uid travels up a thin tube automatically, without the need of an e ternal force or pressure of any kind. he most common e ample in nature is the stem of a plant. Water from nearby soil is pulled up through the roots of a plant, before traveling up its stem and nourishing the plant s leaves.
While igi apologi ed to her mother, she watched the sponge absorbing the water and it reminded her of the principles of capillary action that she had learned about in science class. he turned to her sister and said, he reason a sponge can absorb a lot of water is due to something called capillary action. here are many tiny holes in sponges and these work like tiny capillaries which soak up large amounts of water. When her sister heard this, she also wanted to use a sponge to help clean up. heir willingness to help out made their mother happy.
What e amples of capillary action can we observe in our daily lives DailyApplicationDaily
17 4 Capillary ction Scientific ApplicationCounter Current Brainstorming
18 1 ×2 Parts List x1 2 x2 4 x3 14 x2 15 x1 30 x1 31 x1 43
19 4 toilet paper ×4 ModelVideoOperation DoneCounter Current
20 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service oak various materials, such as newspaper, tissue, and cotton cloth, in some water. Compare how fast each material absorbs the water. f you find it hard to observe, add some food coloring to the water se paper cups to compare how different ob ects of the same weight absorb water. otice and record how much water the various ob ects absorb and then compare the results to their own weight. se a scale or anything similar to measure the weight
21 ReviewModel 5 Monograph 1 . he ecret of water . urface ension . Water ower . Counter Current Use the models and principles you’ve learned to design raindrop that can recycle rainwater.
22 My Artwork ConceptDesign 2 1 3 esignodel Creationodel Winner! Evaluation
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23 6 Brainstorming
Water otential nergy Scientific ApplicationShishi-odoshi
watering pot is a common gardening tool that is useful in small gardens. t is generally made of plastic and normally has a large handle on the side. ts body is principally a bucket. nce the bucket is filled with water, you only need to lift and tip the pot, and then aim its spout at the owerpot. s you tip the pot, water begins pouring out the end of the spout. he control that the watering pot provides makes watering your garden bserveeasy. the surrounding houses to see if their water tower is placed at high or low areas. Why do you think this is n ancient times, farmers would protect their crops from animals by coming up with ingenious ideas. or e ample, the scarecrow is a piece of e uipment that discourages birds from disturbing agricultural crops. n apan, they invented a farming tool called the shishi-odoshi that makes loud sounds to scare away animals whilst also acting as garden ornaments. hishi-odoshi are specially designed ornaments made of bamboo that are driven by water power. hey re usually made from a segment of bamboo fi ed by an a le onto the center of a bamboo container. he opening of the bamboo container is positioned at an upward angle to catch spring water or owing water and once it s filled, it flips the bamboo segment and dumps out the water before returning to its original position. he bottom of the bamboo makes a rich, yet crisp sound when it hits the rock and it has become a representation of tran uility, uiet, and peace. t is a classic e ample of the application of water levels. his invention also shows how paying attention to presentation can make an invention even more valuable.
24 4 1 3 2×2 Parts List x1 2 x5 4 x2 11 x2 14 x2 15 x1 17 x1 22 x1 27 x1 30
25 5 6 100mm Shishi-odoshi ModelVideoOperation Done
26 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service se the method of controlling water ow to make the shishi-odoshi model emit percussive sounds at different fre uencies. est and observe whether the amount of water that triggers the shishi-odoshi effect is the same at different heights and record the results.
We use the siphon principle when changing water in a uariums. he siphon principle uses the different atmospheric pressure at the surface of the pipe so that water ows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas until the atmospheric pressure is the same on both sides. Water ceases to flow when the water level in the container becomes the same as that at the surface of the pipe. his allows one to clean out the debris at the bottom of a uariums and to change the
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nverted iphon rinciple Scientific ApplicationIrrigation Canal
We know that when lower regions lack water, we can make use of irrigation canals to transport water from higher regions, but if higher regions are lacking water, how do we transport it aileng hen in inshe istrict of aichung is a prime e ample of a solution to this problem. ack then,people who lived in the mountainous regions of inshe had limited access to water and families often didn t have enough to use, not to mention enough for farming and irrigation. herefore, the government developed aileng hen which made use of the inverted siphon principle to utili e atmospheric pressure and elevation differences to propel water that enters the pipe from an elevated entryway. he water level of both are maintained at the same level so that the amount of water entering the pipe is identical to the amount of water that e its the pipe. ue to this, aileng hen was able to solve the water problems of residents in mountainous regions.
27 7 Brainstorming
Whywater.do we need to fill the pipe or other transport medium with water before utili ing the siphon principle
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29 7 5 6 Irrigation Canal
30 Tube 1000mmA 7 8 9
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Canal
DoneIrrigation
32 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service AB ift the water bottle and container to observe whether the water levels on both sides gradually become identical through the siphon principle. dapt the pipe model to allow it to apply to the pipe shape of sinks like the image below and observe or think about why the piping in sinks is designed in this fashion.
ow does the spray of water differ as you ad ust the shower head ummer had arrived and ogo decided to water the owers in the backyard for his dad. e turned on the faucet, but uickly discovered that the garden hose wasn t long enough - the higher he held the hose, the shorter the distance the water sprayed. t was impossible to water the plants further away, so ogo asked his father for a longer gardenowever,hose.his dad took the hose and stood in the same spot but was able to water the owers in the pot furthest away ogo s dad showed him how he had pinched the end of the hose and ad usted the spray according to the distance of the owers. ogo was delighted when he used the same techni ue and was able to water the furthest plants aswell. is dad e plained, When you pinch the hose, it shrinks the pipe caliber and as the overall volume of water is unchanged, it increases in flow and pressure and this allows the spray to reach the furthest places.
33 8 ContinuityuationScientific ApplicationWater Gun
Brainstorming
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ue to its incompressibility, when the same volume of water flows into tubes of different thicknesses, the water will travel down a thinner tube faster than it will a wider tube. he relationship between flow area and flow speed is known as the continuity e uation. or e ample, water in a wide, deep river ows slowly, but accelerates once it reaches an area of shallow and narrow rapids.
34 Tube A Tube B 5 4 1 3 2 ×2 Parts List x3 4 x4 5 x1 7 x5 8 x2 11 x2 14 x1 16 x1 29 x1 31 x1 32 x1 33 x2 34 x2 35 x1 36 x1 37 x1 41 x1 38
35 Tube A Tube 300mmBTube300mmATube B 100mm 300mm 6 7 8 ModelVideoOperation Done Water Gun
36 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service bserve and record the number of pumps and compare the different distances you reach. Create a target to test accuracy and power.
Brainstorming
37 9 Water ressure Scientific Application Weight MachineLifting
rom a physical perspective, one liter of water and one liter of air are very different. or e ample, if we were to place both at a depth of meters underwater, a liter of water would remain the same si e however, the liter of air would be compressed and flattened. hat is why it is referred to as an incompressible fluid. ploiting this characteristic, people use water to build hydraulic tools, as well as to develop speciali ed engineering techni ues. good e ample would be hydraulic fracturing, which is currently being used to promote the shale oil and gas revolution in the nited tates. sing high amounts of pressure, oil companies can force water down into wells that they ve dug in the ground.o
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different li uids have different pressures
n , merican scientist, on Walsh, and wiss scientist, ac ues iccard, set the world record for the world s deepest dive. he two of them modified a submarine by adding cylindrical balloons filled with fuel for the submarine at the bottom of their craft. il is lighter than water, giving the submarine buoyancy furthermore, li uid cannot be compressed and when coupled with the high ductility of the aluminum shell, they were theoretically able to guarantee that the balloons would not break. owever, at a depth of kilometers undersea the pressure became too much. he balloons and windows began to crack, forcing the two of them to return to the surface. his challenge helped people understand that water pressure can increase to a point that was too much for the modified submarine and spurred the development of e uipment that utili ed water pressure for power to make life more convenient.
38 4 1 3 2 Parts List x1 2 x2 3 x8 4 x4 5 x2 8 x4 9 x2 10 x1 36 x2 13
39 Tube 300mmBTube300mmB 5 6 9 ModelVideoOperation Done Weight Lifting Machine
40 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service ill the pump and its tubes with water and try and lift your pencil bo . se water instead of air and see if you can still lift the heavy ob ects.
41 ReviewModel 10 . hishi-odoshi . Water un . rrigation Canal . Weight ifting achine Use the models and principles you’ve learned to design an irrigation canal that utilizes pneumatic pressure to change the flow of water and make it travel upwards. Monograph 2
42 My Artwork ConceptDesign 2 1 3 esignodel Creationodel Winner! Evaluation
We commonly find types of water dispensers for pets - one type uses a water bottle and bowl that automatically fills the bowl with water whenever the water level falls below the spout of the bottle. his is more suitable for pets that need to drink lots of water such as dogs and cats. he other type of water dispenser has a steel marble in the water bottle. When pets drink from the dispenser, the steel marble acts as a switch that opens the spout and allows pets to drink. his is suitable for smaller pets such as rabbits and rodents.What scientific principle do the water dispensers for both types of pets use DailyApplicationDaily igi had a pet dog that loved to drink lots of water and she found it uite annoying having to fill its water bowl every time it got empty. hen one day the dog s drinking bowl broke and igi wondered if she could possibly find one that would be more convenient to use. uckily, her dad already had one and it turned out to be really special because it consisted of not only a bowl, but also had a water bottle attached to it. When the bowl was full of water, water from the bottle stopped flowing. he reason for this is that hydraulic pressure is created when the bottle pours water downward. When atmospheric and hydraulic pressure become e ual, the water in the bottle stops owing. igi immediately gave the new bowl to her dog and never had to worry about her dog drinking too uickly again.
43 11 neumatic and ydraulic Scientific Application Pet DispenserWater
Brainstorming
44 4 1 3 2 ×2 Parts List x1 2 x1 43 x3 4 x1 7 x2 9 x4 12 x1 31 x1 30 x2 15
Water Dispenser
45 56 11 ModelVideoOperation
DonePet
46 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service lace the bottle in a bathtub and fill it with water. lowly remove it with the opening of the bottle facing downwards. ow do so with the bottle opening facing upwards. Compare and record any differences you note. Create an additional feeding bowl to convert the model into a tool that allows pets to eat and drink.
he principle behind a hydraulic ack is an e ample of ascal s aw. sing a hydraulic ack, we can lift up an entire car with ust the force e erted by our hand. When applying a force to a piston inside of a small area, the pressure created is transmitted without loss through a pipeline over to a bigger piston. ecause the area around the bigger piston is wider, the original force grows larger as well. his enables us to lift heavy ob ects with relatively little force.
side from cars, what other places are shock absorbers used uring summer vacation ogo s father decided to take ogo hiking in the mountains. ogo was really e cited about having some father and son time, but on the way there the road was really bumpy and ogo felt a bit nervous, so he kept reminding his father to drive carefully. is dad said, When driving on bumpy roads, cars use their shock absorbers to reduce the degree of shaking. ur car s shock absorbers were built using the ascal principle, meaning a piston in a hydraulic system is given a certain amount of force which creates an identical amount of force on another piston. When driving over bumps in the road, the car produces pressure to move the pistons in the front wheels. he ascal principle uses an identical amount of pressure using li uid to transfer it to the rear wheels. n this way, the car can automatically maintain a hori ontal position and remain balanced. ogo was uite ama ed by this and said that he hoped he would be able to drive his father around to some lovely sights some day. is father was touched by his thoughtfulness and they spent a wonderful day together.
AbsorbersShock
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47 12 ascal s aw Scientific Application
48 4 1 3 2 ×2 Parts List x2 3 x16 4 x4 7 x6 11 x2 14 x2 15 x1 24 x1 36
49 Tube 300mmB Tube 300mmB 5 12 ※ efore installing the tube, you must pull the C handle to the highest position. ModelVideoOperation DoneShock Absorbers
50 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service se an air pump and its tubes to compare how shock absorption differs when water is added. Change the ow direction of the tubes to create a model that can simultaneously lift and lower ob ects.
51 13 ction reactionandScientific ApplicationWater Sprinkler Brainstorming
ndoor sprinklers commonly seen in homes are our first line of defense inthe event of a fire. When thick smoke reaches the sprinklers and their temperature reaches dangerous levels, the sprinklers automatically turn on their pump motors and release water mist to put out fires. he control room of the building is also notified of the situation in your home due to the triggering of the automatic sprinkler system and further assistance can then be provided if it is re uired.
bserve common sprinkler systems and see if you can determine their spraying methods simply by looking at their structure.
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n an effort to preserve the grass, the school recently installed a sprinkler to water the grass. aturally, the teacher thought it was a good opportunity to understand sprinklers better. uring science class, the teacher brought everyone out onto the field to learn more about sprinklers. he teacher e plained, prinklers use the simple principle of reaction force so that when water flows past the metal blades of the sprinkler, it forces them to rotate and thus the water disperses outward whilst rotating. fter carefully observing the water spout of the sprinkler, you can see that it is cut in a circular tangential angle so that the reactionary force of the dispersing water can spin the water sprinkler.fterhearing this, igi said, f my water gun could rotate, would never lose any water gun fights verybody laughed, ending science class on a light note.
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53 Tube 300mmA 8 7 13 ModelVideoOperation DoneWater Sprinkler
54 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Calculate the amount of water and the number of air pumps needed to find the best ratio to rotate the sprinkler as many times as possible. d ust the model to change the angle of the sprinkler to allow it to spray water in different directions.
Why does the water spray backwards, yet the car moves forward What else can this theory be applied to
Brainstorming
fter having played with some model race cars during a previous class, the students were e cited to continue with the same theme again. owever, the teacher informed them that this time they would need to demonstrate their understanding of the theory behind racing car mechanics by applying their knowledge to a real life situation. n this case, they were instructed to try and create a water-powered car. he students initially seemed to think it was uite an easy assignment and sounded uite confident. ne student stepped forward and uickly placed four wheels onto the racing car and within minutes the students declared that they were ready to test their new design. hey were shocked when it didn t work. What had gone wrong he high-pressure gas inside the half-full water bottle hadn t been able to move the car at all ndeterred, a discussion arose amongst the students. hen one of them suggested they try installing a pipe long enough to reach the bottom of the bottle. e believed doing this would allow the car to start moving. he teacher confirmed that this was indeed a good idea however, she said that there was an even simpler way to move the car and that was placing the bottle at a slight incline. he students tested it out and it worked o you know why inclining the bottle slightly was able to solve the issue of moving the car
group of inventors spent over ten years designing a waterpowered etpack called the etlev- lyer. he etlev- lyer sprays water out of two powerful rockets. s the air is forced down against the surface of a body of water such as a lake or ocean, the pressure created can push the user over meters into the air. his breakthrough technology should not be undervalued as even water-propelled cars could be a plausible piece of technology in the future.
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carWater-powered
55 14 Water et Scientific Application
ottle rockets are eco-friendly model rockets that can be launched into the sky and are made from plastic bottles and use pneumatic pressure and water for propulsion. ne should take care not to underestimate the potential of water-powered rockets.
56 4 70mm 1 3 2 Parts List x6 4 x8 5 x1 8 x2 9 x1 13 x1 14 x3 15 x1 10 x2 12 x2 19 x1 21 x1 22 x2 27 x1 29 x1 31 x2 34 x1 37 x1 38 x1 40 x1 42 x1 44
57 Tube 300mmA 5 6 14 100mm ModelVideoOperation DoneWater-powered car
58 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service lace some water and air into the bottle and record the distance the car travels with different amounts of water and air. ow can we make the car go further
59 ReviewModel 15 . et Water ispenser . Water prinkler . hock bsorbers . Water- owered Car Use the models and principles you’ve learned to create a water-propelled jet boat. Monograph 3
60 My Artwork ConceptDesign 2 1 3 esignodel Creationodel Winner! Evaluation
Why do we use a gas instead of a li uid when using a tire pump
61 16 Water Compression Scientific ApplicationSawmill Brainstorming
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ogo attended an e hibition on ancient ome to learn more about ancient oman civili ation. he e hibition showcased their history, tools, and culture and of these, the biggest and most attractive e hibit for ogo was the hydraulic saw machine. he e hibition tour guide e plained he oman mpire wanted to e pand their city and so they constructed many public facilities and roads which then increased their demand for stone materials. uman labor wasn t very efficient and so the ancient omans invented the hydraulic saw by using water wheels, gears, and blades to use the power of water in the wheel to rotate the gears and move the blades. he in ected water could also be reused by funneling it back through pipes. t was an ingenious invention ogo thought this was really interesting and wanted to try and simulate a hydraulic saw to study its principles.
long time ago, people learned of the power of water. hey started building water wheels, using the power generated by owing water to provide the force necessary to move a sawmill. n the beginning, sawmills were pushed by water wheels, which were then later replaced by steam and diesel engines. fter electricity was discovered, it became the primary supplier of energy for the sawmill.
62 Tube A Tube B Tube 100mmA Parts List x2 2 x4 4 x3 7 x2 9 x1 13 x1 14 x2 15 x1 10 x2 11 x1 19 x4 25 x1 29 x1 30 x1 31 x1 32 x1 33 x2 34 x2 35 x1 36 x1 37 x1 38 x1 39
63 4 5 6 16 Sawmill
64 Tube A Tube 300mmB 300mm Tube 300mmB Another Side 7 8
65 Tube A 300mm Tube 300mmA 9 16 ModelVideoOperation DoneSawmill
66 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service n ect air through a pipe, with and without a li uid, to observe the differences between the movement of both. ncrease the number of gears in the saw machine in order to change the model into a stone mill.
here had been a lot of construction work going on around igi s home and the loud noises from all the machines had really been bothering her. ne day, she decided to go and take a look, but as she was about to enter the construction site, her dad stopped her and said, Construction sites are very dangerous and you can t enter without a permit ook at that giant e cavator igi curiously asked her dad, ow do e cavators work and her dad e plained cavators use a hydraulic tank to control the motions of the mechanical arm. When the operator controls the e cavator, the hydraulic tank compresses water and due to water s characteristics under pressure, the energy produced travels through the tubes towards the mechanical arm and allows it to move and control the shovel. ids, you must be careful around construction sites and don t go in without permission to avoid any dangerous situations.
n e cavator usually moves via its tracks or its wheels. he upper part consists of a cab on a rotating platform, attached to an arm and a bucket. ts shape is very uni ue. t is a type of heavy construction e uipment. here are many types of e cavators, such as diggers, crushers, and vehicular machinery that are all operated with hydraulic devices to power them as solutions for heavy duty obs. side from heavy construction e uipment, what applications in our daily lives utili e hydraulic e uipment
67 17 ressureydraulicScientific ApplicationHydraulic Claw Brainstorming
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68 3 2 70mm Parts List x1 2 x2 3 x12 4 x10 5 x2 7 x3 8 x3 9 x1 11 x2 12 x2 13 x4 14 x1 15 x3 17 x1 19 x4 21 x1 23 x1 25 x1 26 x1 36
69 5 6 7 8 17 70mm Hydraulic Claw
70 Tube 300mmBTubeB300mm Another Side 9 10 11 70mm 70mm
DoneHydraulic
Claw
71 12 17 ModelVideoOperation
72 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service hink of ways to improve the claw s success rate of picking up ob ects. e.g., adding a onto the claw) Compete with your friends by picking up designated ob ects in two different places to see who can pick up the most ob ects in the shortest amount of time.
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uring the hree ingdoms period, an inventor named a un lived in the country of Wei. t this time, there was an uncultivated piece of elevated land ne t to his home. a un wanted to use this land to farm some vegetables, but could not irrigate the elevated land. herefore, a un invented a new type of tool to transport water called the flip wheel, which eventually evolved into the water wheel.aun s ip wheel used wooden boards on a chain to continuously deliver water. he front of the flip wheel had a large wheel shaft. When the wheel shaft is operated by hand, the gears of the flip wheel move the wooden boards along the chain to scrape water upwards to continuously transport water to the elevated field and easily irrigate it. a un s invention solved the problem of irrigating farmland and affected production capabilities, which earned him the title of cleverest man in the world .
side from using hydropower for operation, what other methods do water wheels use to produce energy
73 18 ydrodynamic nergy ransfer to echanical nergy Scientific Application Water Wheel Mixer Brainstorming
Water wheels are a type of machine that uses the flow of water to produce mechanical energy. efore the invention of steam and electric powered machines, people often used water wheels to procure water, deshell grains, produce powders, and te tiles. heearliest water wheel was powered by human labor but due to limitations and fatigue, modern people used cows and hydropower to propel water wheels and increase production speed and efficiency. oday there are very few water wheels powered by human labor.
74 4 1 3 2×4 Parts List x1 2 x14 5 x1 6 x2 7 x1 8 x8 12 x1 13 x2 15 x1 17 x3 19 x1 21 x1 22 x1 23 x1 30
75 5 6 18 100mm ModelVideoOperation DoneWater Wheel Mixer
76 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service se gear sets of different si es and record the movements of the model. odify the water wheel mi er in order to create a water wheel rice pounder.
What types of common fish or shrimp come from fisheries DailyApplicationDaily oday, ogo attended a tour of the fishery in the nnan istrict of ainan. t was ogo s first time seeing a fishery so ogo was very e cited about the trip. nce he got there, ogo was intrigued by what he saw and asked, ow do you successfully breed fish and shrimp he owner replied, reat uestion n order to breed fish and shrimp successfully, we need to provide them with a clean, safe environment so aside from water, we also install an o ygen machine that utili es mechanical energy to rotate gears so that o ygen is continuously pumped into the water for the fish and shrimp. his provides them with the basic environment needed for theirogosurvival.thought
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about this and then asked, oes this mean that the o ygen machine can also increase the ow of water to remove some of the debris at the bottom he owner said yes and praised ogo for his observation skills and treated him to a wonderful seafood platter.
77 19 Fishery MachineOxygen
he pplication of Water Scientific Application
isheries, also known as fish breeding ponds or fish ponds are e cavated ponds in coastal regions that guide the ow of water to create farms for seafood products. hey use the principle of the ocean tide to obtain the re uired seawater, fish fry and shrimp fry. emember, fisheries are very fragile environments and aside from not being able to enter without permission, you cannot touch any of the e uipment in fisheries either. his is to prevent any spread of bacteria to the fish and shrimp that could cause them to become sick.
78 4 5 6 70mm 100mm 3 2 ×41 Parts List x7 4 x12 5 x2 7 x1 8 x5 14 x1 15 x8 12 x3 13 x1 17 x4 19 x1 21 x1 22 x1 30
79 8 9 7 19 ModelVideoOperation Done Fishery Oxygen Machine
80 1 2 3 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service d ust the rotation speed so that the o ygen machine provides enough o ygen to the fishery without allowing water to spill out. odify the o ygen machine of the fishery into a water cultivation machine with hori ontal rotation to compare the differences between the two.
81 ReviewModel 20 . awmill . Water Wheel i er . ydraulic Claw . ishery ygen achine Use the models and principles you’ve learned to design a hydropower fan. Monograph 4
82 My Artwork ConceptDesign 2 1 3 esignodel Creationodel Winner! Evaluation
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