GineersNow HVAC Nov2020 Meet The New President of ASHRAE Chuck Gulledge by GineersNow

NOVEMBER 2020

NEWS

Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals

COVID-19: How Indoor Air Quality Can Affect Your Health - ACCA

Rethinking Engineering Workplace During COVID-19

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EDITOR‘S NOTE It’s never easy to lead a global organization. With ambitious goals to achieve and deadlines to meet, it takes an amazing team and a great leader to make them happen. Despite the pressure that comes with being the leader of an organization with a large global presence, certain people have proven themselves perfect for the job and are up to the challenge of making a mark in the organization. For the month of November, we have a special story featuring ASHRAE and its new president for 2020-2021, Chuck Gulledge. ASHRAE is a global society with a vision to advance human wellbeing through sustainable technology for the built environment. In this cover story, learn more how they mitigate Covid-19 spread, advocate sustainability, learn about the man who’s leading this influential organization into achieving its latest goals. Who is the new President of ASHRAE?

Meet The New President of ASHRAE: Chuck Gulledge Distinguished Service Award, Chapter Service Award, Regional Award of Merit, two ASHRAE Technology Awards and the Dan Mills Technology Award.

His theme for the 2020-21 ASHRAE Society Year is “The ASHRAE Digital Lighthouse and Industry 4.0.” “Why should we engage in digital transformation? To gain a competitive advantage amongst our peers, position ourselves as the go-to resource for clients, improve margins, provide greater value, and attract and retain a digitally skilled workforce.” Charles E. Gulledge III, Gulledge’s theme focuses P.E., HBDP, LEED AP, Fellow on reimagining the building ASHRAE, is ASHRAE’s President for the 2020-21 term. industry and ASHRAE’s place in it by integrating not only Gulledge previously served industry segments, but also on the ASHRAE Board of technology. Directors as president-elect, treasurer, vice president and In addition to his contributions director-at-large. to ASHRAE, Gulledge’s career in HVAC spans over 36 years. For his time and dedication to He entered the industry as ASHRAE and the industry, he an engineer-in-training with is the recipient of numerous Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade awards including the & Douglas, working on Exceptional Service Award,

transit system infrastructure, vehicular tunnels and moveable swing-span bridges. Over his career, he has served the built world in the roles of a consulting engineer, municipal owner and designbuild contractor. Gulledge is currently a Senior Mechanical Engineer with Environmental Air Systems, LLC. He is registered as a professional engineer in the states of North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia. Gulledge is a 1983 graduate of North Carolina State University with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering So sit back and learn something new in this industry today. Keep up with the latest trends on the HVACR industry with GineersNow: HVACR Leaders.

* For any inquiries, please contact Mr. Rohan Suares Address: LG Electronics Gulf, P.O Box 61445, Dubai, U.A.E, Tel. # +971 52 710 0999, Email: rohan.suares@lge.com

CON TENTS

8 Co Ban Kiat Hardware: Together in Excellence with Global Market Leaders

LG commits to Expansion Strategy in Middle East and Africa as Most Trusted HVAC Partner

Meet the New President of ASHRAE

Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals

52 COVID-19: How Indoor Air Quality Can Affect Your Health - ACCA

56 Rethinking Engineering Workplace During COVID-19

Air Filtration for COVID-19 Treatment Centers

72 How an Engineering CEO Can Safely Reopen Its Business

76 Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the Appropriate Temperature to Wash a Face Mask?

80 Converting Existing Building to COVID-19 Hospital - WHO Guidelines

92 WHO COVID-19 Buildings & Tents Screening Layout Standards

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LG Empowers UAE bisunesses to accelerate Air Solutions Agenda

HVAC Safety Tips When Returning to Work Amid COVID-19

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Co Ban Kiat Hardware: Together in Excellence with Global Market Leaders

It is no secret that the Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. has been a significant catalyst in changing the landscape of the Philippine hardware industry. From its first humble store in Manilaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chinatown in the 1920s to the numerous chains and brands they are now managing, CBK Hardware has dedicated itself to bringing high-quality building supplies to all Filipinos, especially after the devastating ruins brought by World War II. Over the past few decades, the company has done an aggressive expansion strategy with its consistent acquisition of global brands, all of which did not only improve the productivity and efficiency of business operations but also brought about comfort and convenience to many Filipinosâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lives. This has eventually made CBK Hardware the largest network supplier of the biggest brands in the hardware industry, brands that have also been in the market for hundreds of years. With the combined years of experience of Co Ban Kiat Hardware (100 Years), Ridgid (97 Years), Stanley (177 Years), Nilfisk (114 Years), Yale 180 Years, Chubbsafes 200 Years, Fairbanks (190 Years), and Delta (almost 100 Years), there is no doubt that thousands of Filipino customers can expect an exceptional service and product innovations will be delivered with impeccable quality. 8

CBK Hardware and RIDGID Industrial Products Since its foundation in 1923, RIDGID has been offering products that are crafted not only for strength and effectiveness but also for legacy. The company has always aimed to produce tools and gadgets that complete jobs more quickly and reliably, something that Co Ban Kiat Hardware also values. Because of this, CBK Hardware has continuously strengthened its longstanding relationship with RIDGID by providing Filipinos with a portfolio of highly advanced products for diagnostics, inspection, and locating to effectively address pipe and drain underground problems. This highly advanced industrial products for diagnostics, inspection & locating, drain cleaning, threading & pipe fabrication, wrenches & tubing tools, utility & electricians tools, general purpose & hand tools and wet/dry vacuums, in turn, optimized investments with a positive impact as it brought about job profitability and efficiency to business operations.

CBK Hardware and Stanley Premium Tools Stanley tools have been helping professional contractors and homeowners build, repair, and protect as far back as 1843. Thanks to its innovative products that has always been synonymous with quality, reliability, and value, it is no longer surprising that Stanley is the industry-leading hand tool supplier in the globe for over 177 years now. Through CBK Hardware, Filipinos are able to experience the excellence of Stanley tools. This legacy continues as Co Ban Kiat Hardware and Stanleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s partnership remain strong, providing the country with unparalleled hand tools, power tools, and automotive and mechanic tools. 9

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CBK Hardware and Lincoln Electric Welding Expert Now more than ever, welding serves as a critical enabling technology in various metal industries in the Philippines since many sectors, including construction, infrastructure, and development mining, are starting to expand. Thankfully, Co Ban Kiat Hardware has partnered with Lincoln Electric to provide Filipinos with the most comprehensive portfolio of solutions that will deliver measurable value to customers and their operations. Founded in 1895, this welding expert is the global leader in arc welding and cutting and has been delivering high-quality, industry-standard technologies for 125 years now.

CBK Hardware and Nilfisk Professional Cleaning Equipment Since its foundation in 1906, Nilfisk as the global leader in professional cleaning industry has been offering easy-to-use and reliable products that have been incredibly popular in industrial, commercial, and consumer markets. Even after 114 years, Nilfisk thrives on the determination to think big and provide innovative technology.

With the help of Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Filipinos have seen Nilfisk products as tools that can handle tasks as light as household chores and as demanding as heavy-duty industrial cleaning, eventually naming the company as the leading supplier of professional cleaning equipment in the Philippines.

CBK Hardware and Yale Security System When Linus Yale Sr. became a lock master in 1840, he decided to found the now leading lock in the globe, Yale. Now, 180 years later, the brand boast a unique global reach with its products ranging from digital door locks, safes, and alarms to mechanical door locks and padlocks. Yale has formed a mutually beneficial partnership with Co Ban Kiat Hardware over the years, and the former has introduced Yale digital door locks to the Philippine market to ensure that the best innovative protection available is delivered to communities and establishments, securing everything that matters.

CBK Hardware and Chubbsafes Safes & Vaults For 200 years, Chubbsafes has transformed the norm in security with its wide array of products featuring unique combination of robustness, reliability, and modern designs. The driving force of Chubbsafes has inspired Co Ban Kiat Hardware to bring this renowned brand in safes and vaults business in the Philippines, providing Filipinos with access to quality security products and solutions.

CBK Hardware and Fairbanks Weighing Scale As one of the oldest manufacturers in the US, 190-year-old Fairbanks has set the standard for weighing industry as it provides a wide range of scales from table-top bench to heavyduty truck models. Even in the Philippines, the brand is a top leader when it comes to weighing equipment and services thanks to its valuable 90-year affiliation with CBK Hardware.

Where to Buy? Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. for nearly 100 years is the trusted distributor of home improvement and hardware items in the Philippines Let’s shop wisely. #StayAtHome and order online at your convenience. Visit us in the following sites and enjoy deals, discounts, and more!

CBK Hardware and Delta Faucets For almost 100 years now, Delta has been helping people live better with water through its full line of showers, faucets, accessories, and plumbing fixtures. With CBK’s strong partnership with the brand and its diverse line of products, the former continues its pioneering efforts to upgrade Filipinos’ living standard. These global hardware brands were able to stretch its product coverage deeper with its fruitful partnership with Co Ban Kiat Hardware. Its distribution network reached different level of market, bringing convenience to life in many aspects. They have the vision and powered the opportunities to bring Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. to its 100years. Co Ban Kiat Hardware will remain to expand and strengthen its product portfolio with continued growth opportunities in the years to come to provide more years of world class hardware solutions.

Website: https://www.cbkhardware. com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ cbkhardware/ Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/ cbkhardware Join our Fast Growing Viber Community http://%20https//bit. ly/3ebeCXU

Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc.

Ground Floor, Cobankiat Building II, 231 Juan Luna St. Binondo Manila, Philippines. Phone +632 8243-1931 Phone +632 8243-5263 Phone +632 8894-6561 Email info@cobankiat.com.ph ; ind@cobankiat.com.ph

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Unit 467 level 4 Shangri-La Plaza Edsa Corner Shaw Boulevard Mandaluyong City, Philippines Phone +632 86364895

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About CBK Hardware For almost a hundred years, a family’s surname has become synonymous to the country’s biggest hardware supply company. Co Ban Kiat Hardware Incorporated, of the Cobankiat family has a regular client network of more than 1,500 industrial organizations; 1,600 traditional community hardware stores, and 584 home building specialty chain of stores across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades.

While the Filipinos continue to rebuild their lives post war, CBK Hardware sees the opportunity to introduce the retail concept once unheard for in hardware industry. Cobankiat Hardware brought the first DIY business in the Asia. A do it on yourself concept that created Cobankiat hardware in the Philippines. The Hardware Workshop Store is the fruit if this endeavor. CBK Hardware further cemented its legendary distribution channel with the creation of Coby’ Design Center in Edsa Shangi La in 1996, a specialty store that caters to discriminating taste of modern Filipinos. In 1997, Mr. Johnny Cobankiat, the 4th generation Cobankiat leader, set another milestone for the company when he brings a franchise of Ace Hardware USA to the Philippines, and signs up CBK Hardware as one of its major suppliers. This further expanded into delivering quality world class products nearer to families of Filipino overseas workers in the countryside. A century’s excellence can quickly pass, and guided by the vision to be the largest network supplier of the biggest global brands in the hardware industry, CBK Hardware resolve to source the best products to supply its customers anytime and every time.

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LG commits to Expansion Strategy in Middle East and Africa as Most Trusted HVAC Partner Company Aims to Grow Regional HVAC Presence with Total Integrated Solutions Centered on Expertise and Partnership

senior executive at LG Electronics communicated the company’s intention to expand the company’s presence in the Middle East and Africa HVAC industry. At a virtual conference yesterday, the head of LG’s Air Solution business division explained LG’s brand philosophy to become a trusted partner in the region based on the values of integration, expertise, and commitment as well as a new portfolio of air purification solution products for residential, office and commercial environments. “Most people may think of LG as a washing machine and refrigerator brand but we provide solutions in many sectors that consumers don’t see,” remarked Dr. Lee Kam-gyu, head of LG’s Air Solution business unit. “LG is constantly investing in capabilities to raise the trust of our customers and we will reinforce this commitment through better integrated solutions, expert insights and more dedicated support to become a trusted partner for HVAC in the region.” Since the pandemic outbreak and the increasing time spent indoors, concerns over indoor air quality have grown. Needs for high quality HVAC and air

management solutions have increased due to the pandemic with LG’s products – which not only meet but surpass guidelines for clean air in the region – seeing unexpected demand. To further raise the value for MEA customers and enhance the level of trust in the brand, LG is focusing on its three core values of integration, expertise and commitment. As an integrator, LG will deliver even more optimized HVAC and energy management solutions for each and every project to achieve the minimal total cost of ownership (TCO) for its clients. With its deep expertise, LG will advise its customers with its technological experience-based knowledge to find the most effective and efficient solution to any problem. And as a committed partner, LG promises to go beyond the installation of its solutions to service, maintain and help manage its products through the system’s lifecycle. James Lee, president of LG Middle East and Africa, reinforced LG’s experience and commitment in the Middle East and Africa. “The key reason behind our success in this region to date is our commitment to understand and respond to the real needs of the MEA market,” said Lee. “Expanding beyond this will require significantly more technology, more innovation and especially more customer service.” Consistent with this strategy, LG has introduced products and solutions in the region that are designed to deliver the best technology that the company as to offer. For example, a new, ceiling-based DUAL Vane Cassette lineup boasts a powerful five-step air purification process that is seamlessly designed into the unit itself. With its new air purification-inclusive design, this advanced product delivers various airflow modes that are optimally customized for all spaces, delivering clean, filtered air to its indoor destination. What’s more, LG’s innovative Round Cassette for commercial spaces not only provides a luxurious design that makes a space look more inviting, it also covers large areas with flexible airflow compared to conventional 4-Way cassette. Its increased airflow and detailed wind direction makes it possible for its cool breeze to spread widely and evenly. “As a global total provider of HVAC solutions, we look forward to enriching both human life and nature in the Middle East and Africa,” said Lee. 21

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Meet the New President of

ASHRAE

SHRAE is a diverse global society dedicated to advancing the arts and sciences of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world. Industry classifications include: consulting engineers, contractors, commissioning, manufacturers, manufacturing representatives, government, health, education, design build and architects. The Societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal is to serve as a source of technical standards and guidelines to buildings professionals. ASHRAE publishes 4000+ standards for the design and maintenance of indoor environments. Areas of focus include refrigerant emission reduction, building energy conservation, indoor environmental quality, and thermal comfort.

Standards are developed to provide HVAC, refrigeration and building professionals access to up-to-date procedures when designing, constructing, testing, operating, and maintaining facility services solutions. The Society is leading the way through awareness and engagement by creating networks and establishing new strategic partnerships to expand opportunities for engagement, not only within the HVAC&R industry, but across the many industry sectors that also have a stake in digital transformation, lean collaboration and sustainability. Through standards, research, publishing, and professional development; ASHRAE shapes tomorrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s built environment today.

Chiller, Close control and Water terminals

Air Conditioning Light Commercial, Commercial and Industrial

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Past ASHRAE was founded in 1894 and was formed in 1959 by the merger of the American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHAE), and the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE), founded in 1904. The year 2020 marks the 125th anniversary of the start of our journey.

Present ASHRAE has more than 54,000 members in 132 nations. This membership base is spread across 196 Chapters and 15 Regions around the world. Our reach has become truly global. Our milestone anniversary is also marked this year with a significant change. The ASHRAE headquarters is moving its current home in north Atlanta to Peachtree Corners, GA. Our journey continues from the original incorporation in New York. This move, however, is not your classic real estate play. We have purchased 1970â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s era existing infrastructure to demonstrate to the world how attic stock assets can be revitalized to deliver high-performance, net-zero functionality. Construction is almost complete, and the move-in begins in October 2020. The photovoltaic infrastructure should be complete by March of 2021.

Why Should Engineers join ASHRAE? Through membership in ASHRAE, stakeholders can benefit from the opportunity to expand their professional network through involvement with likeminded individuals. Volunteer engagement fosters collaborative, consensus development of HVAC guidance for our ecosystem. Membership also allows professionals to keep up-to-date on the latest technologies. ASHRAE is the room to be in!

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About The Leader: GN:

Please introduce yourself. Tell us about your humble beginnings, your past achievements and your family.

ASHRAE:

My name is Chuck Gulledge and I am the 2020-2021 ASHRAE Society President. I was born and raised in the small railroading town of Hamlet, North Carolina. My father passed away from cancer complications when I was only 7 years old. My mother was a high school French teacher. Being just the two of us, our summers were spent with my grandparents working on the family farm. My grandfather was my inspiration for becoming an engineer. He was the consummate machinist, engineer, and farmer. He taught me how things were built, how they operate, and how food gets on the table. I still have a photo on our wall at home of the old 1940â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s era Allis Chalmers tractor I used to drive to plow the fields. He also prepared me for responding to change. He immigrated to America as a boy from northern Italy, with his sister and mother; none having the capacity to speak English well. His courage to move his family to a new world has always inspired me to have the courage to face, and embrace, change. Change is upon the HVAC ecosystem.

Upon graduating high school, I embarked on a career in Engineering; attending North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. I received my Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1983. Now some 37 years out, I am a registered Professional Engineer in the states of NC, GA, SC, VA, KY, and AL. I have had the pleasure and fortune to be associated with designing, constructing, and operating built solutions for a myriad of market sectors across the Engineering and Construction (E&C) ecosystem. I remain in awe when I reflect on the teachings of a hands on mentor (my grandfather) that afforded me engagement into the world of vehicular tunnels, mass transit systems, moveable swing bridges, manufacturing, mission critical, life sciences, health care, institutional, commercial, hospitality, sports, consumer products, and pharmaceutical. 33

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GN:

What is your Leadership Style?

ASHRAE:

Leadership, for me personally, emanates from what I have learned from my predecessors, specifically my grandfather. I am a firm believer in a kinesthetic philosophy that engages one in tactical learning. Tell and demonstrate techniques just don’t compare to understand and physically resolve actions. We should all be so fortunate to be asked as a kid to break down an engine, explain what each part does, and put it back together on our own. Let’s evolve that example into a more relevant E&C narrative. Built solutions that seek to optimize the whole require us to have insight and understanding of interdependencies. We must understand, before we can resolve.

GN:

Let’s talk about the future of ASHRAE. Describe what the future of the most successful organization in the world?

ASHRAE:

The E&C ecosystem is burdened with fragmented silos, lack of digitization, stagnant productivity, disconnected information, and the weeds of waste. We face a significant transformation, by force and maturation. Industry 4.0 and the Digital Age of Connection are changing almost every facet of the design, construction, and operation of built solutions. Work, workforce, and workplace are evolving. Let’s explore these evolutions in a little more detail. Our ecosystem is beginning to understand the power of Lean philosophy. We are responding to the manufacturing axiom of “That which does add Value is Waste!” We are beginning to see the de-construction of silos and the implementation of Lean Collaboration. 36

All that a digital world affords us allows us to seek Value and make customer experiences better. Digital, itself, is relieving us of the tedious and repetitive task approach to solution delivery. We are reinventing our workforce to act strategically and analytically. We are improving our productivity! We are learning how to connect knowledge and make it portable via one, single-truth, narrative. Data silos along the supply chain are being eliminated. It is fascinating to see the development of Digital Twins in the hands of an owner coming to bear. We have the capacity to evolve from reactive fix, to predictive response. Connectivity allows us to engage all stakeholders from anywhere in the world, at any time, by anybody. The digital model becomes the database of all project knowledge for the life of the building. Digital precision allows us to challenge where work results are physically performed. We can now break the sequential Start-to-Finish supply chain and build assemblies, equipment, rooms, and floors in parallel off-site. Truth be told, we can actually build an entire building off-site in modules and transport it to the actual project site for just-in-time configuration. Why do this? We can improve economy and time, verify constructability, eliminate rework, increase productivity, integrate vertical supply chain management, and improve quality. That which Manufacturing learned years ago is making its way into the E&C ecosystem. 37

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The Covid-19 Pandemic: GN:

What have we learned about the pandemic and what HVAC professionals should know?

ASHRAE:

On a somber note, the year 2020 will live in infamy as the year of the global pandemic. We are all witnesses to unfathomable human tragedy, supply chain disruption, co-location event stoppage, and business destruction. Sadly, there are too many things we do not know yet about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, or the resulting Covid-19 disease impact to humans. What Insight do we have as of Fall 2020? SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a lipid envelope. Research shows that the particle size of this virus is approximately 0.10 – 0.12 µm (micrometer). And as it is human generated, the virus is typically trapped in respiratory droplets and droplet nuclei that are predominantly ≥ 1 µm. We understand it can survive for hours in the air and for days on surfaces. Unfortunately, we do not have clarity on the shedding rate and infectious dose parameters. 40

GN:

How is ASHRAE helping the global fight and mitigation?

ASHRAE:

ASHRAE is aggressively participating in the risk mitigation efforts of the Covid-19 hazard via its Epidemic Task Force (ETF). While the formation of the ETF was an immediate response to the Covid-19 development, knowledge is being captured to also respond to future pandemics that may arise. To understand where ASHRAE’s contributions align, one must understand the classical 5-step “Hierarchy of Controls” related to minimizing and/or eliminating exposure to a hazard. The most effective response is physical removal of the hazard (Elimination). Replacement of the hazard (Substitution) follows next, but we cannot substitute one pathogen for another, in this case. Engineering Controls attempt to mitigate transmission of the hazard. The final two steps (and decreasing efficacy) focus on changing the way people work (Administrative Controls), followed lastly by protecting the people with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). We should distinguish the roles of importance and effectiveness related to Administrative Controls and PPE. Both are critical components of a holistic response. Efficacy of Administrative Controls and PPE, however, is dependent on being observed and implemented properly by people. Distancing must be observed, but it is not. Masks must be the correct type and worn properly, but they are not. Efficacy, therefore, is variable based on human behavior. The importance of distancing and masks, however, are critical elements in risk mitigation; as they help to reduce the bioburden in the space.

Top 10 Tips to Avoid Covid-19 within Built Environment: Engineering Controls: • Effective ventilation to dilute concentration of contaminant and increase exposure time required for exposure to infectious dose. • Conversion of filtration to at least MERV-13 for non-healthcare facilities. • Germicidal UV light for space upper air surface disinfection. • Germicidal UV light for in-duct/coil surface disinfection. • Improved pressurization to isolate or contain contaminant. • Adjustment of air distribution velocities in the breathing zone to mitigate droplet spread. • Portable germicidal UV light for space surface disinfection. • Optimize low-range relative humidity to mitigate susceptibility via mucosa desiccation.

Administrative Controls: • Separate individuals to mitigate exposure from aerosol and large droplet spray via distance, traffic patterns, and occupancy levels.

PPE: • Wear well-fitted, high efficiency masks (e.g., N95) to protect wearer from local transmission of contaminant. Clothe masks do not necessarily qualify as highly effective PPE, although they do reduce the amount of inhaled infectious aerosol. More importantly, clothe masks function as a “personal engineering control” that alters emission characteristics from the source. 41

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What are the Engineering Controls that factor into minimizing transmission of the hazard? Ventilation dilutes contaminants and increases time required for exposure to an infectious dose. Filtration efficacy varies with MERV rating, airborne travel, and airflow circulation rate. Pressurization works to isolate or contain spread. Air distribution velocities influence droplet travel. Disinfection techniques can disrupt the DNA/RNA composition of the virus. Some studies suggest that temperature and humidity levels have an influence on personal infection risk; but there are geo-specific and operational tradeoffs to consider. ASHRAE is uniquely qualified to provide guidance on the design, operation, and maintenance of HVAC systems to help reduce the risks associated with pathogen transmission. The ASHRAE ETF has been assimilating research, disseminating risk mitigation guidance, and conducting targeted education for all ecosystem stakeholders. One can find a vast amount of objective based guidance on the ASHRAE ETF web portal, which can be found on the ASHRAE webpage (ashrae. org)

POSITION DOCUMENTS

ENERGY RECOVERY

MAINTENANCE

TRAINING

& J O U R N A L PA P E R S

SCHOOL & UNIVERSITY

OUTDOOR AIR

F I LT R AT I O N

S TA N D A R D S &

M U LT I F A M I LY

L I T E R AT U R E

GUIDELINES

STATEMENTS

BAS

TECHNICAL

COMMITTEES

CONFERENCE

ASHRAE

H E A LT H C A R E

REVIEW / SCIENTIFIC

UV LIGHT

HANDBOOKS

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

GN:

How will HVAC and the built-environment look like in a post-pandemic world?

ASHRAE:

The pandemic has raised acute awareness of health across the entire built word portfolio. Wellness, or concern for personal health, has quickly developed for building occupants. One could postulate that a healthcare mindset is suddenly applicable to all facilities that we design, construct, and operate. This extreme shift in perspective, however, does not change what HVAC systems attempt to accomplish. When it comes to risk mitigation, HVAC systems provide us with an effective response (Engineering Controls) in reducing the risk of aerosol and airborne transmission exposure. We have the knowledge to focus on effective ventilation, pressurization, distribution, filtration, disinfection, and temperature/ humidity control to achieve this desired impact. As the aggregated knowledge from our ETF reminds us; we must understand, then resolve based on Insight. Looking further to the future, resilience becomes a focal consideration. Building HVAC systems must become adaptable to, and recoverable from, indoor and outdoor hazards. Covid-19 provides us with a prime example of indoor impact. Consider the outdoor impact of air quality disruption from wildfires, per se.

Trivia: I have been blessed with so many wonderful opportunities in life, many of which align with my personal and professional passions. Aspects that I look back on and smile about include: • I am a fan of professional hockey. One of my most enjoyable technical projects was designing the ice floor, refrigeration plant, and RO/DI water conditioning plant for the Carolina Hurricanes when they first moved to North Carolina and played for 2 years in Greensboro NC. • I love live theater and entertainment. I performed live one time with Cirque du Soleil during one of their traveling tent shows held in North Carolina. Being pulled from the crowd to assist the clowns during a set break was more than they bargained for. My ability to speak French created an “on the fly” script pivot and warm embraces from the support cast, after I disappeared... • Working the land is, perhaps, my greatest passion; be it food for the table or landscaping. My wife, who is also an engineer and lover of the land, and I designed our own water feature in our back yard to provide tranquil visuals and sounds of relaxation. Our paradise is full of hibiscus, marigold, phlox, candytuft, lantana, vinca, daisy, azalea, dogwood, iris, mandevilla, rose, hosta, daylily, ornamental maple, and flowing water. Our thumbs are quite green.

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Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals

hat HVAC looks like for existing buildings converted to COVID-19 hospitals? WHO published a guidelines for construction contractors and HVAC professionals. Ventilation moves outdoor air into a COVID-19 hospitals (building or a room), and distributes the air within the building or room. The general purpose of ventilation in buildings is to provide healthy air for breathing by diluting the pollutants originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it.

Building ventilation has three basic elements:

risks, the decision of whether to use mechanical or natural ventilation for infection control should be based on need, availability of resources, and the cost of the system. Considering the need 1. Ventilation rate: the amount and quality of to have a functioning SARI treatment centre outdoor air provided into the space. within a short time, the difficulty of securing sealed chambers for negative pressure (except 2. Airflow direction: the overall airflow direction in COVID-19 Hospitals, which should be from in concrete buildings), and the importance of meeting IPC requirements, this document clean to dirty zones. advises installing a hybrid ventilation system for wards for patients with severe disease and 3. Air distribution or airflow intensive care units, as this is easier to install pattern: the external air should be than a mechanical system and more flexible in delivered to each part of the space terms of ventilation rate. in an efficient manner, and the airborne pollutants generated in As described above, hybrid (mixed-mode) each part of the space should ventilation relies on natural driving forces be removed in an efficient manner. to provide the desired flow rate and uses mechanical ventilation when the flow rate is There are three methods that may be used lower than that required to produce natural to ventilate COVID-19 Hospitals: natural, mechanical and hybrid (mixedmode) ventilation. ventilation. Local environmental conditions vary from setting to setting, and so a top-down Proposed hybrid ventilation system for hybrid ventilation system is proposed. With top-down ventilation (fan-assisted stack severe and critical wards plus a wind tower), when there is insufficient solar radiant loading on the stack (evenings To provide the best control to counteract the and inclement days), the exhaust ventilation 48

rate is supplemented by extraction fans while the The formula to calculate the extraction supply ventilation rate is supplemented by the wind fan airflow needed given a specific bed tower (wind scoop). capacity is: The air extractor will easily permit control of the ventilation rate, meet the standard of air changes per hour required, and ensure a constant unidirectional top-down airflow. Figure 8. Top-down Hybrid ventilation

For example, to calculate the extractor airflow needed for a five-bed room: Extractor airflow [l/s] = Maximum bed capacity × 160 l/s/patient Extractor airflow [l/s] = five-bed capacity × 160 l/s/patient Extractor airflow [l/s] = 800 l/s Figure 9. Air extractor models

Installing an air extractor in a patient’s room Extraction fan technical requirements

The air extractor should be installed properly to create the correct airflow (Figure There are many extraction fans available, such as 10). Air should always move from clean bathroom and kitchen extractor fans, silent extractor to more dirty zones, and in a top-down fans, wall fans, and axial fans to remove fumes, direction, in order to reduce nosocomial smoke, heat and steam (Figure 9). In order to follow infections. It is advisable to install the air the IPC standards required for the SARI treatment extractor at least 20 cm above the floor to centre, the following specifications should be met: avoid possible splashing and damage while cleaning the room. • Wall-mounted only: the airflow should be topdown, from the ceiling to the floor. For this reason, Figure 10. Installing an air extractor in a patient’s room the extractor must be installed on the wall about 20 1. Clean Air From Outside cm above ground level in order to avoid damage 2. Wind Tower 3. Air Patient’s Room and Toilet due to splashes while cleaning and disinfecting the 4. Air extractor 5. Exhausted air floor. • Backdraught shutter: to direct the exhaust airflow. • Power rating: according to availability and the country’s regulations. • Sound: 38 dBA at 3 m (or as quiet as possible) to avoid constant noise that may disturb patients and staff. • Airflow (measured in cubic metres per hour or litres per second): according to the room’s maximum bed capacity, considering at least the minimum standard of 160 litres per second per patient or 576 cubic metres per hour per patient.

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COVID-19: How Indoor Air Quality Can Affect Your Health - ACCA

eople spend about 90% of their lives indoors, and pollutant levels can be as high as 100 times the levels encountered Germs3.pngoutside. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ranks Indoor Air Quality pollution among the top four environmental hazards in America. While our attention is focused on the spread of Coronavirus, and we are thinking about the necessary precautions that are needed to reduce our chances of coming in contact with this virus, HVAC professionals know that Coronavirus is not the only disease, germ, virus, or pollutant we need to combat in our homes. We also need to consider the other viruses and germs that are spread through a central HVAC system. One-way people can be proactive and protect themselves from getting sick in general is by being educated on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).

There are four particular groups (although all people could benefit) that need the best possible air quality in the home: 1. Infants to 16-years-old 2. Adults, age 60 plus 3. No age restriction - immune-compromised individuals, pregnant women, and persons with chronic respiratory disorders, and those recovering from surgical procedures or illness 4. Pet owners with domestic animals - dogs, cats, and birds Scientist believes the principal transmission mode of the Coronavirus is by respiratory droplets, which may travel several Germs2. pngfeet from someone who is coughing or sneezing. Covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze is the first step to control the spread. 52

However, residual contaminants can travel through your HVAC system, where all air in the home is circulated and can contribute to the spread of an airborne virus. The Coronavirus has the same traits as other viruses such as the common cold, the flu, and a sore throat, by how it is spread from person-to-person.

Source control is always the first step When dealing with IAQ concerns such as mold, dust, odor, and even viruses, source control is always the first step. There are many remedies when it comes to managing IAQ in a home. Some products range from a higher Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rated filter, electronic air cleaners, and ultra-violet sterilization systems. The HVAC system and duct system can contribute to spreading unwanted pathogens in the air, not because your system came contaminated from the factory, but because the air in your home became contaminated. Tiny pathogens spread in the air can be fungi, bacteria, or viruses.

To set the record straight about Indoor Air Quality: • Mold and viruses are not a factory option • AC units do not create mold or viruses • If you have mold or viruses, it is your mold and viruses • An ultra-violet system will not keep your home mold or virus-free

The difference between a virus and bacteria is viruses are much smaller than bacteria, and viruses cannot survive without a host. According to the Mayo Clinic, fewer than 1% of bacteria cause disease in people. In addition to spreading viruses through an HVAC system, another nemesis is mold, a biological growth. Mold is, in the Germs2. pngsimplest terms, part of the “dust to dust” program. Everything living will die, it will return to the food chain, whether it’s a mighty oak tree, your favorite leather shoes (once upon a time, a cow), or that forgotten orange in the back of the refrigerator. Your HVAC system can provide biological growth the perfect opportunity to form and grow. There are three things needed to support biological growth. Food is the number one source of supporting biological growth. One example of food sources is skin cells that have flaked off and floated into the HVAC system. The next item to support organic growth is moisture. Once those skin cells made it through the system, they can become attached to the evaporator coil or blower motor. When the coil starts to produce condensation along with the food source, it becomes the perfect recipe for biological growth. The final item to contribute to organic growth is the absence of ultraviolet light. HVAC professionals and homeowners who manage these factors, reduce the risk of biological growth.

When an ultra-violet system is used correctly and installed to the manufacture’s guidelines, it can prove to be a useful tool. Ultra-violet exists in natural sunlight (it’s why we wear sunscreen, and mold grows under a rock), it disassembles the DNA of organics. It reduces them to nitrogen and oxygen. Ultraviolet is most effective as surface irradiation (with a limited “kill zone”) and is used in many applications. It is used to sterilize medical instruments, clean reclaimed water in treatment plants, saltwater aquariums, and is used in food processing. Contractors should educate customers on the value of IAQ and provide solutions and options to help the homeowner make educated decisions. An HVAC system should be inspected at a minimum, twice a year. Visit The National Air Duct Cleaners Association for recommendations on HVAC system cleaning. Be sure to ask your HVAC technician on products that can help you breath cleaner, fresher, healthier air. In times like these, when emotions run high, and everyone is concerned about the unknown, HVAC professionals need to shine as a beacon of truth and good faith. Quality maintenance, good hygiene, and proven best practices such as; improved indoor air quality, source control for contamination, and keeping a clean house are the keys to successfully navigating current health issues. This article first published at ACCA https:// www.acca.org/news/guest-blog/coronavirusother-contaminants-indoor-air 53

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Rethinking Engineering Workplace During COVID-19

he impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the engineering workplace environment is unprecedented, and businesses will need to re-shape their physical environment and develop new policies to enable employees to return work safely. Several leading fit-out contractors around the world are helping industrial, construction, technology, utilities and manufacturing companies assess and adapt their current engineering workplace to meet new government guidelines to prepare for employeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; return to work. These include the re-configuration of floorplans to create social distancing, the installation of touchless technology and hygiene equipment and communication amongst a few.

Several design engineering companies encourages businesses to see this as an opportunity to not only make their engineering workplace compliant and safe, but also healthier, and more sustainable for the future. In light of government easing COVID-19 restrictions, engineering companies can now operate at a maximum capacity of 50% staff, with 100% likely to return to work as per government communications for the public sector. Design engineering experts and contractors says there are some important physical changes all businesses will need to implement to make their engineering workplace healthier and more sustainable for the safety and wellbeing of employees. The post-coronavirus office will be different from what was â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;normalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; just a few months ago, and for many businesses it may mean they no longer need as much floorspace as some employees continue to work from home. 56

According to various design engineering companies in Asia and Europe, the essential part of any ‘return to work’ plan for businesses is to rethink their physical workspace and also consider the mental health and well-being of your team during this phase of returning to work. Here are its top considerations:

Floor Plan Reconfiguration

• Social distancing is the reality of our new engineering workplace. Where employees sit and work, and meet will need to be carefully planned to ensure social distancing. This can include reconfiguring entire floorplans, moving workstations/desks and furniture to ensure social distancing, and adding desk partitions/screens.

Installing Hygiene & Well-being Equipment

• Installation of hygiene stations equipped with thermometers, protective items such as sanitizer and facemasks and hygiene reminder signs is the first essential step. Business should also consider installing anti-microbial materials/surfaces, and touch-less sensor technology (motion sensor bathroom taps, lights, sanitizer dispensers, and voice activated elevators and office machines) to reduce the number of surfaces touched by employees.

Improvement of Air Quality

• Global health authorities such as the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend increased air circulation and flow, and to improve air filtration and ventilation. A design engineering contractor can assess and measure air quality and ventilation effectiveness and conduct maintenance where required.

Refurbishments & New Fit-Outs

• For companies looking to reduce floorspace, and re-configure existing workspace as staff continue to work from home, A design engineering contractor can demolish, rebuild and fit out offices to new design specifications. 57

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LG Empowers UAE bisunesses to accelerate Air Solutions Agenda

Company’s Sees Growth Across Air Conditioning and Air Purification Portfolio in 2020 DUBAI, UAE, OCTOBER 11, 2020 – As the pandemic unfolded, the need for more advanced air solutions was quickly recognized by businesses the world over, with organizations accelerating their efforts to install new heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) technologies at unprecedented speed and scale. With physical spaces now either fully open, or experiencing phased reopenings, from major transport hubs, hotels and entertainment venues, to offices and schools – three common challenges remain: operating efficiently, maintaining comfortable environments and instilling a sense of confidence for people to return. As a market leader in air solutions, LG Electronics (LG) continues to work alongside its network of partners to not only alleviate such concerns, but also push the boundaries of innovation and create positive business impact. Testament to this, within the UAE’s air purification market (valued at approximately $5 million), LG has captured 20% market share this year. Within the cooling equipment market (excluding chillers), valued at $200 million in the UAE, LG estimates having captured 23% of the local market over the same time period. LG’s advanced variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are currently installed at a number of sites across the Emirates, some of which include: Dubai’s Sustainable City, Abu Dhabi’s Saadiyat 60

Beach Villas, American University and 410-property Mirfa Beach Villa complex, in addition to Ras Al Khaimah’s Delhi Private School (DPS) and the Majan Printing Press factory. The company remains at the forefront of the air solutions agenda for many local entities and prides itself on offering a differentiated service in comparison to its competitors. To ensure thorough standards of service are not only met, but exceeded, since 2010, LG has been training technicians at its state-of-the-art training facility in Jebel Ali. The LG Air Solutions Academy acts as a regional hub for the company, where training programs and workshops are conducted on a regular basis. In recent months, LG has introduced purification and sterilization kits which can be installed on existing air conditioning units to advance both comfort and indoor air quality. The company has also introduced its Dual Vane and Round Cassette air conditioning units, for more aesthetic-conscious customers who wish to maximize optimal air flow, without impeding on the design of their environment.

At IFA 2020, the company unveiled its PuriCare Wearable Air Purifier – a device which harnesses two H13 HEPA filters to offer access to better quality air on-the-go. In the B2B domain, the company has seen particular expressed interest and demand from government bodies and hospitals alike. The device is expected to launch in the UAE in late 2020. LG has recently strengthened its ties with industry leading bodies, such as ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) and REHVA (Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations), to ensure its new products are designed in line with globallyrecognized standards. In response to the pandemic, the company is leveraging secure collaboration tools, ensuring continuity and confidentiality with its high-profile client base remains. To aid better customer care, LG is also delivering real-time monitoring and predictive failure diagnosis services, through cloud-based, non-face-to-face solutions (Total Management System) for service and maintenance. At a global level, the company is preparing to introduce cloud-based smart care solutions which leverage AI for proactive customer engagement. “At LG, we have a long-standing history of supporting the UAE’s businesses through our diverse portfolio of innovative HVAC solutions. We recognize the complexities of today’s climate, in which decisionmakers are tasked with balancing the comfort and hygiene needs of their end-users, alongside operating with greater efficiency. We remain committed to helping businesses during these times, by offering solutions which prioritize each of these facets with equal measure, while also ensuring to advance our agenda of striving for meaningful innovation, to create positive impact in the country,” said Mr. Suraj Kumar, Technical Manager – Air Solutions, LG Electronics Gulf.

About LG Electronics Air Solution Business Unit LG Electronics’ Air Solution Business Unit is a global leader in HVAC and energy solutions with a comprehensive portfolio of proven expertise and performance. Launching Korea’s first residential air conditioner in 1968, LG has paved the way for total HVAC solutions over the last five decades through strategic utilization of advanced technologies. With a well-established production base and industry-leading capacity, the company provides effective HVAC solutions for both the commercial and residential sectors. Its wide range of cutting-edge systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning truly represent LG’s initiative in offering the most optimized solutions for a variety of uses. Pursuant to its mission of “Innovation for a Better Life,” the company offers solutions boasting high energy efficiency and reliability based on its state-of-the-art knowhow and technologies to ensure the most optimal environment for users. For more information, please visit www. LG.com.

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Air Filtration for COVID-19 Treatment Centers

ir from the room can be exhausted directly to the outdoors, where the droplet nuclei will be diluted in the outdoor air, or passed through a special HEPA filter that removes most (99.97%) of the droplet nuclei before it is returned to the general circulation. If a HEPA filter is not used, the air should be exhausted directly to the outside away from air-intake vents, people and animals. Air dilution should always be the favoured solution. If not possible, however, different kinds of exhausted air for COVID-19 Treatment Centers are proposed here.

HEPA filter

Download the full guideline report from World Health Organization here.

HEPA is a pleated mechanical air filter that theoretically removes at least 99.97% of dust, pollen, mould, bacteria and airborne particles with a size of 0.3 microns (µm). The diameter specification of 0.3 microns responds to the worst case of the most penetrating particle size. Particles that are larger or smaller are trapped with higher efficiency. Using the worst-case particle size results in the worst-case efficiency rating (i.e. 99.97% or better for all particle sizes). All air cleaners require periodic cleaning and filter replacement to function properly; follow the manufacturer’s recommendations on maintenance and replacement. The minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) is the ability of a filter to capture larger particles with a size between 0.3 and 10 microns (µm): the higher the rating, the better the filter is at trapping specific types of particles. This value is helpful in comparing the performance of different filters. The rating is derived from a test method developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (www.ashrae.org). 64

Figure 11. HEPA Filter Installation

Installing a HEPA filter after the air extractor for COVID-19 Treatment Centers could be a solution for exhausted air treatment (Figure 11), but availability and maintenance may be a problem.

Portable air filtration systems To simplify the installation, reduce the construction time and ensure proper air treatment, facilities may benefit from the use of a portable HEPA filter unit equipped with the proper fittings and ducting to exhaust air from a room to create the required ventilation flow rate and exhausted air treatment. Placement of the unit in any area (e.g. sampling room, waiting room, ward) must be done with consideration of the following:

The unit must not create an obstruction that would interfere with the proper delivery of health care. • The unit should be placed as close to the expected source of the contamination as possible to increase effective capture of the infectious or hazardous agents. Capture ability decreases with the square of the distance from the intake, and so the distance from the patient has an impact on the ability to filter out droplet nuclei. • The air flowing out of the unit must not be directed in a way that would cause discomfort to patients, visitors or staff. • If the portable air filtration unit has adjustable airflow, then the airflow that is appropriate to the size of the room to give the desired air changes per hour should be selected. Unless other considerations (e.g. noise, discomfort of blowing air) prevail, the unit should normally be run at the highest fan setting since this will provide the maximum filtration and air changes per hour. In smaller rooms, the recommended minimum 12 air changes per hour may be achieved at a lower fan setting. Under these conditions, users may opt to lower the fan settings. • Keep all doors to the room closed as much as possible (16). • Place the portable HEPA unit at the maximum distance across the room from the door. • Make sure the operating panel faces the room and is unobstructed. • Run the portable HEPA unit for at least 30 minutes after the patient leaves the room if the patient is on an aerosol-generating procedure when they leave. During this time, respiratory protection should be worn by staff entering room. New patients should not be placed in the room. 65

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Portable air filtration units require proper preventive maintenance for their effective continued operation: • The procedure should specify recommended PPE when performing maintenance on the unit. • The maintenance procedure should be performed in an area safely away from any patients’ locations. It is recommended that maintenance is done in a location with appropriate ventilation, including negative pressure, designated for such activities. The area should be contained and easily cleaned or decontaminated. • Based on the manufacturer’s recommendations and any additional suggested protocol from facility maintenance, a standard routine maintenance procedure should be developed for the unit. This maintenance should include (but not be limited to): - changing of pre-filters (on a schedule or as needed per magnehelic gauge); be sure to include details on “bag out” protocol and proper disposal of filters; since these filters might be contaminated, they should be treated as medical waste and handled with appropriate PPE applicable to all COVID-19 Treatment Centers; - operational check for proper operation; - interior cleaning of unit if needed (without disturbing seal on HEPA filter); - changing of ultraviolet (UV) lamp according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (based on hours of use); - general safety check (electrical, mechanical); - lubrication where needed for COVID-19 Treatment Centers (fans and so on should have sealed bearings and should notrequire lubrication).

• The HEPA unit must be leak tested and certified. This should be done initially and every time the HEPAfilter is changed. The frequency of changing the HEPA filter should be based on the manufacturer’s recommendations (e.g. annually or when indicated by the manometer (differential pressure gauge) across the HEPA filter • The portable filtration unit should be monitored regularly (e.g. every week) for leaks. This can be donesimply by having designated staff monitor the pressure drop across the filter by checking the gauge. 68

The portable air filtration system could be used as a mechanical fan with integrated HEPA filter to exhaust potential contaminated air directly outside (Figure 12). Figure 12. Portable Air Filtration System with Air Exhaustion

Alternatively, it could be used to ensure required air changes per hour and air recirculation in a closed environment of COVID-19 Treatment Centers (Figure 13).

Download the full guideline report from World Health Organization here.

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How an Engineering CEO Can Safely Reopen Its Business

ow a technology, industrial or engineering CEO safely lead their organization through Phase 2 of the pandemic crisis. This is the management phase between the containment of the crisis and things beginning to ease and recover. An uncertain wait and see phase with its own unique communications challenges along the way for an Engineering CEO and business leaders. Around the world, governments, business and industry are rising to the enormous challenge of managing the COVID-19 crisis. From one country to another, certain quarantine restrictions are carefully being eased, while others are still at lockdown stage. After several weeks of reacting and learning to adapt to the immediate impact of the crisis, we have reached a new phase where stakeholders want to know about wellbeing, job security, financial consequences and business continuity. An Engineering CEO must steer through changes in business pattern, new ways of delivering products and services, research new technologies and rethink their entire marketplace. Along the COVID-19 crisis cycle of disruption, management and recovery, there are still many potential difficulties businesses face, such as cost savings, lay-offs, furloughs or other shortterm and long-term impacts.

Empathize with Your Employees Leading with compassion and empathy is critical now more than ever. Employees seek encouragement, shareholders want performance and customers expect 72

uninterrupted service but with additional safety measures. Providing reassurance should be the central principle to all stakeholder communications at this stage. An engineering CEO should adopt a new way of communicating that is more considerate, empathetic and adjusted in tone from a linguistic perspective. They must carefully balance the need to drive business performance with the need to be sensitive. The pandemic has translated into a new global language of speaking to internal and external stakeholders who are worrying about what will happen next. Everything an engineering CEO do and communicate is currently scrutinized by the public and media more than usual. An engineering CEO need to show that they are sharing the pain, be authentic and human, resonating with the new realities for employees, customers and the community. Employees remain a key stakeholder group that requires regular communication. An engineering CEO must provide a framework to adopt and keep their teams informed, loyal, motivated and engaged during the pandemic crisis.

Public and Private Sector Collaboration COVID-19 is a considerable new responsibility for the corporate sector who now needs to team up with government to restart the economy. Governments have had to rely on companies to step forward quickly to provide key workers, essential supplies and services. Neither business nor government can go this alone, so an engineering CEO should be proactive in their public affairs efforts at a time when governments are looking for solutions.

New Challenges Ahead This is a crisis beyond the experience of most engineering CEOs who now need to strike the right tone of caution coupled with forward-paced optimism and confidence. An engineering CEO with a longer-term approach will spark innovations and effective leaders have the opportunity to shape a meaningful story for their organization at this generation-defining moment. 73

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Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the Appropriate Temperature to Wash a Face Mask?

ith face masks becoming mandatory in several countries, it is important to ensure you keep your mask clean, in order to maximize its effectiveness. Since we need to wear face masks to slow the spread of COVID-19, people have taken it as a normal part of life, but there are just a handful who know how to keep them clean. The dos and donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ts of maintaining hygiene, especially when it comes to face masks, is of utmost importance. Using the same cloth mask daily without cleaning it will not shield you from the virus and may actually have the opposite effect.

Here are six key tips for maintaining the effectiveness of your face masks:

How often do you need to wash your face mask? 76

Your face mask should be washed regularly. We cannot stress on that enough. The virus may stay active on fabric for a long period of time, which makes it absolutely necessary to wash your face mask at least once a day. If you suspect that someone you have been in close contact with is infected, you should put the mask to wash immediately and use a fresh one. Apart from the virus, the masks also tend to collect any sweat, oil or makeup from skin, which may also affect your health.

What fabric is suitable for a face mask? Cotton fabric is the perfect material for a face mask. With an ideal thread count of about 200 with up to three layers of fabric, this material is effective in filtering out the virus as well as blocking any pathogens from entering. With the strict protocol of wearing the face mask while on the move, it is essential to be comfortable with your face mask and the cotton fabric provides the right amount of breathability. It is

also recommended to use white color masks that can be washed in higher temperatures.

How should you handle your face mask after use? Upon returning home, we recommend that the first thing you do is take off your mask carefully and place it in the laundry bin until you can wash it. You may opt to leave it in the bin for 24 hours or more in quarantine, which is known to allow the virus to decay. Do not let the mask come into contact with any other family member.

mask. For masks with a plastic filter and valve, you will need to be extra careful and air-dry or sun-dry them. A hairdryer can also be used as an easy and effective dryer. Sunlight is another excellent natural sanitizing agent. Since the starting temperature of an average household iron is 140 degrees Celsius, ironing the mask post-drying will provide an added measure to ensure that the virus is completely eliminated.

How can you disinfect cloth masks? A machine wash at a high temperature with quality detergents is good enough to kill the virus. However, if you want to avoid running a machine load just for a single mask, you can also toss in your clothing items that you wore to step-out as well. If you prefer to hand-wash your mask, ensure that you get into every inch of the mask and clean it using the correct amount of chemical. Additionally, soaking the mask in hot water for 10-minutes and then rinsing it thoroughly, will also help to remove all the pathogens. Avoid using bleach completely as the constant smell can cause nausea and headaches.

What is the appropriate temperature to wash a face mask? Viruses cannot withstand high temperatures, therefore, washing face masks at a temperature of more than 60 degrees help disinfect the mask. Since fabrics with dark colors fade after a couple of washed at high temperatures, it is advisable to make or buy the fabric mask in lighter shades.

How should a face mask be dried? After washing your mask, it is best to dry it at a high temperature since heat also sanitizes the 77

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Converting Existing Building to COVID-19 Hospital - WHO Guidelines

Site identification, selection and survey The choice of a site will determine future problematic issues that could be encountered, such as infiltration, drainage, access, extension and acceptance. Take the necessary time to carefully choose the site that is as adequate as possible, rather than the first one seen. It is important to define the expected potential scale (e.g. size, duration) of the outbreak from the beginning.

Location criteria

• Ensure good access and guaranteed security for patients, visitors and staff of COVID-19 Hospital. • Ensure COVID-19 Hospital proximity to the outbreak epicentre. • Ensure proximity to existing health-care facilities to facilitate external referral pathways for people who test negative for 2019-nCoV but who require medical care for different medical conditions. • Avoid all flood areas and choose a site at least 30 metres away from rivers and other bodies of water.

Ground characteristics

• Ensure COVID-19 Hospital site is flat and level. • Ensure COVID-19 Hospital site is geologically stable and consolidated, preferably without organic or stony material.

• Ensure COVID-19 Hospital site is easy to dig, without the danger of landslides, and with the capacity for drainage. • Avoid areas with a high groundwater table. • Choose a sufficiently large plot of land so the centre can be extended if necessary Meteorological characteristics • Be aware of seasonal periods affecting the construction (e.g. rainy/dry periods). Be able to adjust the design to accommodate different climatological conditions. • Take into account prevailing winds for the control of smoke and odours. • Take into account sun orientation for improved shadow zones. Existing resources • Consider the use of permanent buildings and existing hospital isolation or unused wards. • Evaluate water resources in the area of COVID-19 Hospital, with special focus on the analysis of capacity, quality and availability. • If available, have the option to connect to local basic services for water, electricity and communications. • Before arrival of main supplies, prepare or identify a storage area.

Basic layout The proposed layout of COVID-19 Hospital is based on the clinical definition of a person with SARI, suspected nCoV, the clinical syndromes associated with nCoV infection, and related medical condition categories: mild, moderate, severe and critical illness.

Figure 25. Basic layout of severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

The rationales behind this layout are as follows: • Medical care should be provided as soon as possible, even before laboratory confirmation, in order to avoid medical conditions worsening. • People with different medical conditions present different risks; for example, people with severe SARI might need an aerosol-generating procedure. • Ensure a clear demarcation and separation between patient and staff areas in order to reduce the risk for health-care workers and allow a rational use of PPE. • The centre should be divided into two zones – a staff area for health-care workers and a patients’ area (Figures 25 and 26). The patients’ area is further divided into three zones (mild and moderate, severe and critical) according to the medical conditions of the patients. Patient categorization should follow the definition of clinical syndromes associated with nCoV infection (Table 10) (29). It is the responsibility of the case management department to decide on categorization (30). 81

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Minimum requirements for converting an existing building into a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Figure 26. Severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre zone categorization

An existing building may be repurposed into a SARI treatment centre if the minimum requirements are met: • minimum ventilation rate of 60 litres per second per patient for mild and moderate wards; • minimum ventilation rate of 160 litres per second per patient for severe wards and intensive care units; • airflow from clean to dirty zones; • patient and staff flow can be clearly defined and distances respected; • all finishes, furniture and patient care equipment can be effectively cleaned and are compatible with the facility’s disinfectants (see below).

Recommended characteristics for selecting finishes and furniture

The recommended characteristics for selecting finishes and furniture are summarized in Table 11 (32). Table 11. Recommended characteristics for selecting finishes and furniture for a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Characteristic

Selection guidance

Cleanable

• Avoid items with hard-to-clean features, such as crevasses • Do not use carpets in patient care areas • Select material that can withstand repeated cleaning

Easy to maintain and repair

• Avoid materials prone to cracks, scratches or chips, and quickly patch or repair if they do occur • Select materials that are durable or easy to repair

Resistant to microbial growth

Nonporous

Seamless 84

• Avoid materials that hold moisture, such as wood and cloth, as these facilitate microbial growth • Select metals and hard plastics • Avoid items with porous surfaces, such as cotton, wood and nylon • Avoid porous plastics, such as polypropylene, in patient care areas • Avoid items with seams • Avoid upholstered furniture in patient care areas

Layout Figures 27â&#x20AC;&#x201C;33 show the ideal layout and flows for patients and staff for a SARI treatment centre. Figure 27. Layout of services and facilities in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre Patient Entry Waiting Room Sampling Room

Short Stay Ward Observation Severe Case Ward

Staff Entry Changing Room Laundry Triage Waste Zone Morgue

Critical Case Ward

Figure 28. Patient flow, from entry to sampling, in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Figure 29. Patient flow after sampling patients are divided by severity in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

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Figure 30. Patient flow for negative, mild and moderate patients in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Figure 31. Patient flow for worsening patients in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Figure 33. Staff flow in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Figure 29. Patient flow after sampling patients are divided by severity in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

Download the full guideline report from World Health Organization here. Citation: Severe acute respiratory infections treatment centre: practical manual to set up and manage a SARI treatment centre and SARI screening facility in health care facilities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (WHO/2019-nCoV/SARI_treatment_center/2020.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO 89

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WHO COVID-19 Buildings & Tents Screening Layout Standards Download the WHO standard screening layout for converted buildings and tents.

ospitals and other health-care facilities play a critical role in national and local responses to emergencies, such as the COVID-19 epidemics. This document provides information on how these facilities can fulfill this role (28). For the anticipation, early detection and containment response, from the introduction to the localized transmission phase, the following are recommended:

• Foresee a proper screening system at all levels of the public health system to enable early detection of potential suspected cases. This should include temporary isolation capacity, trained staff, protocols and all needed supplies.

Identification, selection and survey of screening sites

• Designate health facilities to provide the adequate level of care, which most probably will be hospitals with available intensive care units, and set up the correct IPC and engineering measures.

The choice of a site will determine future problematic issues that could be encountered, such as infiltration, drainage, access, extension and acceptance. Take the necessary time to carefully choose the site that is as adequate as possible, rather than the first one seen.

• Define a clear referral pathway for suspected and confirmed cases with dedicated ambulance service to facilitate referrals from primary health centres to identified treatment facilities. • Develop a control and mitigation plan.

It is important to know the average daily patient influx in order to properly size the waiting room and avoid possible overcrowding, even during the daily influx peak, which may increase the risk of nosocomial infections.

This section suggests practical advice, recommendations, technical guidance and minimum requirements for setting up and operating a specific SARI screening and related waiting room, including the standards needed to repurpose an existing building into a SARI screening. 92

Location criteria • Ensure the site is as close as possible to the main entrance of the health facility in order to centralize all entrances. • Ensure good access for patients, visitors and staff, with guaranteed security.

• Aim for a unidirectional flow for all patients and visitors accessing the health facility. • Avoid all flood areas and choose a site at least 30 m away from rivers or other bodies of water

Ground characteristics • Ensure the site is flat and level. • Ensure the site is geologically stable and consolidated, preferably without organic or stony material. • Ensure the site is easy to dig, without the danger of landslides, and with the capacity for drainage. • Avoid areas with a high groundwater table. • Ensure the site is of sufficient size to extend the waiting room and triage area if necessary.

Meteorological characteristics • Be aware of seasonal periods affecting the construction (e.g. rainy/dry periods). Be able to adjust the design to accommodate different climatological conditions. • Take into account prevailing winds for the control of smoke and odours. • Take into account sun orientation for improved shadow zones.

Existing resources • Consider using permanent buildings or unused existing wards. • Evaluate water resources in the area, with special focus on the analysis of capacity, quality and availability. • If available, have the option to connect to local basic services for water, electricity and communications.

Screening basic layout principles The proposed layout is based on the standard screening setting endorsed with proper ventilation infection, prevention and control measures. The following assumptions are behind this layout: • Protocols for patient screening (including the designation of screening areas) and for patient traffic flow within and in the vicinity of the hospital are available.

• Staffing is provided for newly designated hospital areas, such as the new screening area and isolation room. • The hospital applies screening criteria with a view to admitting the most critically ill patients and treatable epidemic patients. In some circumstances, health authorities may require a health facility to focus on providing health services to nonepidemic patients and to refer epidemic patients elsewhere. This document aims to present different structural approaches to set up a waiting room and triage area specifically adapted for COVID-19 in the following situations: • New-construction concrete building or semi-permanent structure; the standards proposed here can also be used to repurpose existing buildings. • Large tent (> 100 m2), as commonly used in emergency settings by humanitarian actors, institutions and United Nations agencies to set up warehouses and high-capacity shelters. • Standard-sized tent (about 45 m2), as commonly used by humanitarian actors, institutions and United Nations agencies for emergency responses.

Screening in new health-care facilities Screening is divided into two distinctive zones: one zone for staff and one zone for patients (Figures 17–19). A distance of 2 m between staff and patients is required.1 Double fencing or a Plexiglas barrier can be used for the separation. Separate handwashing points (soap/ water) are required for patients and staff. The screening building could be a temporary structure, a repurposed existing building, or a simple tent (see Annex 16). Natural ventilation and exhausted air dilution should be ensured. Note that staff should not wear masks in the screening area, except when in contact with patients. 93

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COVID-19 buildings screening area Figure 17. Screening area in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

COVID-19 buildings services and facilities Figure 17. Screening area in a severe acute respiratory infection treatment centre

COVID-19 buildings flow of patients Figure 19. Flow of patients in the screening area of a acute respiratory Infection Treatment center

Waiting room The waiting room should be composed of individual booths open on both sides to ensure proper natural ventilation. Each booth should be clearly identified and labelled to avoid mistakes and allow patient flow. Booths should be cleaned and disinfected after each patient to avoid nosocomial infections. If individual booths are not available, ensure a distance of at least 2 m between patients.2

Isolation room

The isolation room is a temporary area for a person suspected of being infected to wait for an ambulance or referral. If there is no isolation capacity, an ambulance could be held in standby near the screening area in order to allow rapid referral. If needed, sampling can be done in the temporary isolation room.

Establishing a screening area in a tent The lack of an existing building to be repurposed or the need to set up a screening

area as quickly as possible may lead to using a tent as this is quicker than building a semipermanent structure and cheaper than building a concrete structure. It is essential to respect all the IPC requirements in terms of distance between patients and proper flows. Figures 20 and 21 show examples of how a tent could be used to set up a waiting room and screening area. If a single tent with a surface area greater than 100 m2 is not available, then several smaller tents can be used and the waiting room space split between them, according to specific setting needs. Consider installing handwashing points at patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and staffsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; entrance and exit. Dedicated toilets for patients in the waiting room should be available, with a related handwashing point. In cold-weather countries it is possible to replace natural ventilation with a mechanical or hybrid system with specific exhausted air treatment or a portable air filtration system, sized according to the capacity of the waiting room (airflow 60 l/s/person).

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COVID-19 buildings and tents waiting room and screening area Figure 20. Example of Waiting Room and Screening Area within a tent with surface area over 100m²

Figure 21. Example of a screening area (Patient Side) within a tent with a surface area of 100m²

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Small tents allow more flexibility in terms of capacity (Figure 22). If required by the epidemiological situation, installing more tents to increase the waiting room capacity or installing a second screening tent can be done easily. Internal separation (screens) can be ensured with wooden frames folded with washable plastic sheeting. The transparent surface for screening can be replaced by a distance of 2 m properly marked, such as a double 1.1 m fence

COVID-19 buildings and tents waiting room and screening area Figure 22. Example of Waiting Room and Screening Area within a tent with surface area about 45mÂ˛

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COVID-19 buildings and tents waiting room and screening area Figure 23. Standard 45mÂ˛ tent divided into 10 individual booths for patients waiting to access the screening area

Screening and waiting room tents should be installed correctly to allow clear patient flow, as shown in Figure 24.

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COVID-19 buildings and tents waiting room and screening area Figure24. Example of Patient flow within tent-based screening areas

Download the WHO standard screening layout for converted buildings and tents.

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HVAC Safety Tips When Returning to Work Amid COVID-19

ith the easing of restrictions in various countries amid Covid-19 pandemic, and life gradually returning to normal, employees across all sectors have started going back to their workplaces, thus the urge to highlight the needs of effective building and utility systems’ procedures, to ensure that these offices and buildings provide HVAC safety system and protection from contaminants. Effective building and utility systems, including Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems, are indispensable in fighting the spread of any pandemic or infection, as they help to eliminate and reduce the impact of ‘micro-virus’ or airborne viruses, thus ensuring the health and safety of employees and visitors inside the building. The outbreak of the COVID-19 has raised concerns about the virus’ airborne transmission, calling for an urgent reevaluation of ventilation systems inside closed spaces in order to ensure a superior Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).

HVAC engineers recommended several important precautionary measures, noting that such measures are optional and not mandatory since they do not eliminate the risk of infection, rather, help to reduce its transmission, especially with the possibility of viruses traveling through the air at a higher rate in closed spaces, in addition to the possibility of viral particles traveling between surfaces, if the air flow is higher than the required limit.

HVAC Safety #1: Enhance your Indoor Air Quality The importance of maintaining the Indoor Air Quality in buildings, through a number of basic requirements should be addressed by the building’s facility management and HVAC safety contractors. It is essential to ensure the filtration and purification of air entering the building through the HVAC Safety Systems; setting temperature and humidity at specified levels.

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Underlining the significance of maintaining the highest levels of fresh air in closed areas, he said that the percentage of fresh air differs from one place to another depending on the application and utilization purposes – such as office buildings, renewable energy factories, consumer electronics warehouses, hospitals, etc. – and the type of HVAC Safety Systems it is equipped with. HVAC engineers stressed that the best way to ensure that virus particles do not hover or linger in common enclosed spaces is to increase its rate of ventilation and air circulation, and to ensure the methods of expelling the particles outside the building. International Air Quality Standards including The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE 62.1) - recommend that air should be regularly changed and circulated in rooms every hour depending on the size of the room, its use, the number of individuals inside it and other related factors. For example, the air inside smoking rooms needs to be changed 15-20 times/hour, laboratories 6-12 times, warehouses 3-10 times, offices 6-8 times, office buildings’ dining rooms 7-8 times, meeting rooms 8-12 times, and parking in building basement 1530 times.

HVAC Safety #2: Adapt your maintenance methodology HVAC engineers recommends providing Air Handling Units with high-quality, efficient filtration systems that can filter out viral particles of all sizes. It is also advised to carry out periodic preventive maintenance checkups, and to increase their frequency during the pandemic. Furthermore, HVAC technicians and engineers suggests cleaning and sterilizing the air ducts, water ducts, filters and other

components, with switching off and restarting the system from time to time, while ensuring optimum humidity levels inside the units, to combat the spread of viral particles, molds and bacteria inside them.

HVAC Safety #3: The new normal of future building design Project owners, consultants and contractors should consider several factors when designing new buildings and facilities. The HVAC equipment should meet the buildings’ requirements, taking into account the necessary and the required levels of fresh air, and to increase the ventilation whenever required, as ventilation and an exchange between indoor and outdoor air is vital to reduce airborne pollutants and to reduce disease transmission rates. Furthermore, it is advisable to place the HVAC equipment in a part of the building that is easy to access for frequently carry out the necessary maintenance and cleaning procedures. Humidity levels inside the building should not be less than 40% or exceed 60% in order to prevent the growth of mold and the multiplication of pollutants that will inevitably affect the health of people inside the buildings.

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Event Info Electricity Economics in Changing Electricity Markets 16 – 18 November 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

Overview

Are you ready for the new challenges & opportunities as power markets around the world evolve? This is an essential core knowledge course for those involved in the business or regulation of the power industry. It leads you through a clear, accessible and thorough examination of the economics of power generation, from power plant cost influences to end-customer prices. It contextualises this analysis with key consideration of industry drivers and trends, including increasingly liberalised and competitive markets, evolving policy support and management frameworks, the growth and integration of renewable power sources, and the restructuring of power systems towards more decentralised operations. A highly interactive presentation style allows for plenty of Q&A and time to discuss the issues from multiple stakeholder perspectives; including power plant owners, investors, policymakers and energy customers. This course is an essential primer for those seeking to navigate successful business routes through transitioning electricity systems. Benefits of Attending • Clear, independent and business focused introduction • Language designed for non-experts; particularly senior executives, policymakers & investment decision-makers • Core knowledge building, including up-to-the-minute examples from markets around the world • Interactive discussion of key market and economic variables • Quantification of key issues using simple numerical calculations, real data and Excel-based tools We will examine these key questions: • Which variables drive the economics of electricity generation? • How do generation costs combine with other factors to produce end-use electricity prices? • How are current technology & system trends impacting electricity costs and prices? • What are policymakers doing to keep costs down? • Who are the key stakeholders and influencers on electricity economics? • What are the value-chain impacts of market Liberalisation and Competition? • How are solar and wind power (and other low-carbon options) changing market environments? • and many more!

Who Should Attend: • Power generators, utilities and IPPs • Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity • Policymakers and policy advisors • Transmission / Distribution system operators (grid) • Power system vendors & EPC contractors • Large electricity users • Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

BACK BY POPULAR DEMAND “I enjoyed the course with lots of demonstrations and case studies. The facilitator was just marvellous, up to the game. It was a value for money workshop.” Shadric Namalomba, Director of Finance, Electricity Generation Company Malawi

Electricity Economics

in Changing Electricity Markets The new economics of power markets in a low-carbon world

16 – 18 November 2020, Singapore Book 3 persons and save

$300 each

Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Clear, independent and business-focused introduction Language designed for non-experts; particularly senior executives, policymakers & investment decision-makers Core knowledge building, including up-to-the-minute examples from markets around the world Interactive discussion of key market and economic variables Quantification of key issues using simple numerical calculations, real data and Excel-based tools

We will examine these key questions: ■ Which variables drive the economics of electricity generation? ■ How do generation costs combine with other factors to produce end-use electricity prices? ■ How are current technology & system trends impacting electricity costs and prices? ■ What are policymakers doing to keep costs down? ■ Who are the key stakeholders and influencers on electricity economics? ■ What are the value-chain impacts of market liberalisation and competition? ■ How are solar and wind power (and other low-carbon options) changing market environments? ■ and many more!

Who Should Attend ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Power generators, utilities and IPPs Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity Policymakers and policy advisors Transmission / Distribution system operators (grid) Power system vendors & EPC contractors Large electricity users Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.)

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

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E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

Event Info Gas & LNG Markets, Contracts & Pricing 16 – 20 March 2020, Singapore 28 Sep – 2 Oct 2020, Port of Spain 23 – 27 Nov 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/gaslng

Overview Due to the complex geopolitical nature of gas/ LNG sourcing and long term nature of gas transactions between buyers and sellers, it is commercially prudent for those involved in thisprocess to know the global gas & LNG supply & markets condition, available methodologies for price determination, contract structure and negotiation techniques. Any misjudgement in any of these areas could result in wrong sourcing decisions, significant adverse financial consequences and legal liabilities. This course has, therefore, been designed to enable the professionals in the gas sector and gas advisory services to make right sourcing decision, construct gas/LNG contracts and negotiate from a position of strength and knowledge in order to gain a competitive edge in the process. Course Highlights • Global gas/LNG market and market structure in Asia Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Europe and USA regions • Current gas/LNG outlook and trends • Contract terminology and construction operational, commercial and legal basis of gas, LNG and Gas Transportation Contracts • Principles of gas/LNG Sales and Purchase Agreement (GSPA/SPA), Gas Transportation Agreement (GTA) and Regasification Agreements • Gas/LNG pricing principles, current practice and price indexation in competitive gas markets • Contracting and negotiation - proven techniques Benefits of Attending • Background knowledge to framework to facilitate gas/LNG commercial decisions • Understanding current trends of the gas organisation structure • Knowledge of the underlying rationale for gas contract terms and conditions • Learn to construct gas, LNG and gas transportation contracts and negotiate them • Understanding of techniques of gas/LNG price setting in competitive markets • Awareness of operation of trading hubs, spot and arbitrage • Holistic understanding of what is required to put a new supply chain in place Who Should Attend Energy professionals including but not limited to:

• Purchasing/Supply Chain • Legal/Contracts Negotiation • Commercial • Finance/Pricing • Marketing • Trading • Sales/Business Development • Project Finance • Corporate Planning From Sectors: • Natural gas E&P • Gas/LNG trade, shipping, transmission, distribution • Government agencies • Gas based power generation • Gas/LNG related project finance, asset management, hedge funds, equity/fixed income • Gas pipeline and high pressure transportation Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Weslyn Lee

Infocus International Group Tel: +65 6325 0274 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/gaslng

5 day course “The best gas / LNG course I have ever attended. I will gladly recommend it to anyone.” by past participant, Chevron

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Course Highlights ■ Global gas/LNG market and market structure in Asia Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Europe and USA regions ■ Current gas/LNG outlook and trends ■ Contract terminology and construction - operational, commercial and legal basis of gas, LNG and Gas Transportation Contracts ■ Principles of gas/LNG Sales and Purchase Agreement (GSPA/SPA), Gas Transportation Agreement (GTA) and Regasification Agreements ■ Gas/LNG pricing principles, current practice and price indexation in competitive gas markets ■ Contracting and negotiation - proven techniques

Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Background knowledge to framework to facilitate gas/LNG commercial decisions Understanding current trends of the gas organisation structure Knowledge of the underlying rationale for gas contract terms and conditions Learn to construct gas, LNG and gas transportation contracts and negotiate them Understanding of techniques of gas/LNG price setting in competitive markets Awareness of operation of trading hubs, spot and arbitrage Holistic understanding of what is required to put a new supply chain in place

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