GineersNow Oil & Gas May2020 - Oil price war Russia & Saudi Arabia + impact of coronavirus in energy by GineersNow

M AY

2020

NEWS

Oil Price War Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals

UCLA Engineer Made a Ventilator from Hardware Items

EDITOR‘S NOTE

OVID-19 or the coronavirus, is a recently discovered infectious disease that has resulted in a global mobilization against its spread through stringent government mandates such as enforced community quarantines, social distancing, and limited use of services and utilities. Despite the sound validity for the implementation of these laws, their effects on the economy, businesses, utilities, and industries have been detrimental and disadvantageous to say the least. In more ways than won, the coronavirus has also given way for great uncertainty about oil demand. Now, oil has been an integral industry and commodity in the world. Admittedly, there are so many different industries who depend on the products and services created by the oil industry. Truly, it is a shame to see the rise and fall of each industry due to the effect of COVID-19 to the oil industry. One of those effects for oil is the infrequent rise and fall of oil demand in the world. Lower prices are good for countries importing oil and bad for countries in the business of oil importation. But such is the nature of economics and business as a whole–– infrequent and ever changing. These risks and rewards and flying through the air and only 4

The Oil Price War in the Era of the Coronavirus Outbreak the experienced entrepreneurs and experts in the field will be able to tell which risks must be taken and which risks must be avoided. That having been said, in affecting the oil industry, the coronavirus has set off a series of chain reactions that have been affecting all other industries, mainly those that depend on the oil industry’s gains and services. However, due to the emergence of COVID-19 fighting technologies and medicine, who could know for sure when this whole thing will subside and give way to normalcy once again.

Regional Office: LG Electronics Gulf FZE, P.O Box 61445, Dubai. Tel: +971 4 279 9222, UAE, Mr. Amjad Abu Alika, Tel: +971 50 450 9808, email: amjad.abualika@lge.com; Fortune International Trading LLC, Mr. Wail Halbouni, Tel: +971 50 481 3570, email: fortintl@emirates.net.ae; Ghantoot Trading, Mr. Nour Haboush, Tel: +971 50 109 4109, email: nour.h@ghantootgroup.ae; District Cooling Company, Mr. Ahmed Henedi, Tel: +971 50 658 4832, email: ahmed@districtcoolingcompany.com; Al Yousuf Electronics, Mr. Moitra, Tel: +971 50 457 6170, email: pmoitra@alyousuf.com; Bahrain, AJM Kooheji and Sons, Mr. Jayachandran, Tel: +973 36888801, email: v.jayachandran@ajmkooheji.com: Kuwait, Al Babtain Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Co., Mr. Naji Kataya, Tel: +965 5 051 5771, email: nkataya@albabtaingroup.com kw; British Link Kuwait, Mr. Imad Rhayel, Tel: +965 5 157 1229, email: irhayel@blk.com.kw; Oman, Oman Gulf Enterprise, Mr. Narender Kumar, Tel: +968 9 747 4505, email: narenderk@otegroup.com; Aspire Projects and Service, Mr. Vivek Wagh, Tel: +968 99357694, email: vivekwagh@aspireoman.com; Azerbaijan, GSS.AZ, Mr. Zeka Gasimov, Tel: +994 55 260 6665, email: zeka.gasimov@gss.com.az; Al-Con Maxiwell Group, Mr. Vagif Alexperov, Tel: + 994 50 216 2092, email: maxiwellbaku@inbox.ru; Armenia/Georgia, ARAY Gulf, Mr. Vilson Melikjanyan, Tel: +374 9 307 7755, email: vilson@aray.am; Yemen, Modern House Exhibition, Mr. Khaled Jabr, Tel: +967 71 172 0202, email: mail@mhe-yemen.com; Pakistan, Iceberg Industries (Lucky Goldstar), Mr. Imran Jamil Khan, Tel: +923 21 277 6100, email: ceo@icebergindustries.net

CON TENTS

How to Get Your Workplace or Business Establishment Ready for COVID-19

UCLA Engineer Made a Ventilator from Hardware Items

SHUSHU: Your Best Toilet Seat Bidet Buddy in Times of Health Crisis

The Best Paint Protection for Your Roof Against Heat, Leaks and Rust

Rockwell Automation Appoints New Asia Pacific Regional President

Oil Oversupply and the Coronavirus Impact

Engineers, Can You Help Build a DIY Ventilator for Hospitals?

Remove Bureaucracy to Keep Global Medical Supply Chains Open

COVID-19 Deaths to Reach 81,000 in US By June â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Forecasts by IHME & Univ. of Washington

Airlines COVID-19 Analysis: Aviation Collapsed

Oil Price War Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals 6

Airbus Gives 3D-Printed Hospital Visors to Health Workers

Flexible Manufacturing: Adapting Quickly to Changing Markets and Events

F E AT U R E S T O RY

How to Get Your Workplace or Business Establishment Ready for COVID-19

ue to the coronavirus or COVID-19 outbreak, many countries in the world were forced to implement nationwide community quarantines or lockdowns in order to flatten the curve, weaken the virusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; influence, and prevent further spread. Needless to say, this is all a well and good healthrelevant response to a global pandemic. However, one cannot deny that these lockdowns and temporary halt in operations of businesses and industries has negatively affected the global economy. Individuals with the means and resources to do so are working from home. Unfortunately, a greater number of blue-collar workers are still out there on the front lines reassuring the majority of people that their needs will still be taken care of. Now, it has been more than a month of the various implementation of community quarantines around the world, and national governments have begun to steadily lift their mandatory lockdowns and slowly reintroduce people back into society by reopening various businesses and establishments. While it is definitely great news for workers who provide for themselves and their families, each and every one must always continue to be vigilant in regards

to the potential spread of viruses, bacteria, or germs, in order to prevent a future outbreak. One way of being prepared is by being as clean as one can be. Gone will be the days of teasing germaphobes or neat freaks, as they had the right idea when the COVID-19 crisis struck. Regularly washing

oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hands with soap and water, rubbing alcohol, or hand sanitizer will do the trick, but there are also countless technologies that are undeniably helpful when it comes to making any work environment leagues cleaner than they were before. Many of these machines are outfitted with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration technologies, which have multitudes of benefits. For instance, HEPA filtration helps improve indoor air quality by preventing the emission of contaminants and impurities back into the air. The lack of contaminants will also prevent allergies and asthma from triggering by eliminating smoke, mold, dust, pollen, and bacteria in the air. Proper ventilation systems must be installed to ensure that air quality stays high, since microorganisms can easily be transmitted by HVAC units. This is especially true when they are poorly maintained or there is an insufficient number of air exchanges per hour in a room. To combat this, HUNTER industrial HVLS fans, DETON Drum Fans, WESTINGHOUSE Electric Fans and Exhaust Fans are there to continuously supply any room of any establishment with clean, ever-circulating, high-quality air that is breathable without the threat of virus transmission. Another environment that is beloved by diseasecarrying germs and bacteria is the floor upon which we walk. Shoes or socks may not necessarily give us

enough protection from the microscopic pathogens festering in the space between the soles of our feet a nd the floor. Having said this, it is required for business owners to invest in high-quality floor cleaners and prevent the potential spread of germs, bacteria, and viruses. Luckily, Nilfisk is on top of their game when it comes to hardcore floor cleaning, promising best practices for floor cleaning, environmental cleaning, and the disinfection of viral contaminants including SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19. These scrubbers and dryers are the machineequivalent of frontliners against the pandemic. These machines create a more hygienic environment for patients, staff, and visitors to any establishment. One may not immediately think it, but floor cleaning is needed in the healthcare industry in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during patient treatment and recovery. They also provide reassurance of safety for staff and visitors. Truly, floors are, in fact, a big deal. To properly clean areas that are exposed to the virus, it is highly recommended that the removal of soiling be followed by speedy disinfection. A scrubber used with disinfectant provides a 2 in 1 clean more effective than other methods. In fact, a microbiological evaluation of hospital cleaning showed scrubbers significantly reduced microbial counts, compared with mop and vacuum, and spray clean, and produced an effect that persisted for at least a week. 9

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Nilfisks arsenal consists of the AS380 Small Scrubber/Dryer with an ergonomic, foldable handle; the easy-to-use, powerful and compact AS510C Walk Behind Scrubber; the AS530R Mini Ride-on Scrubber for those who want to work smart and hard at the same time all the while taking a rest; and the AS710R Ride-on Scrubber which promises improved productivity, lower costs, and an automatic reduce speed control feature. Nilfisk also offers a wide variety of vacuum cleaners like the VP300 HEPA Vacuum, the GM80P Cleanroom Vacuum, the VP930HEPASTD Dry Vacuum, and the GU355 Dual Upright Vacuum. These weapons against dirt, dust, and grime are all easy to use, boast powerful filters and functions, and can clean a floor or room with more than enough power. Nilfisk also has hot and cold water high pressure washers to meet the needs of home and establishment owners and cleaners everywhere. From mundane tasks to intense assignments, these washers are more than able to eliminate dirt and grime every time. Since heat is an important factor in eliminating bacteria, those who are actively purchasing a high pressure cleaner may opt to buy the Nilfisk H11OE or H200E Hot/Cold Water HPW for maximum cleaning ability. 12

For home/establishment owners or workers tasked with cleaning the location with their own hands, the 3M Scotch Brite Cleaning Solutions have single spin mop bucket sets, all-purpose cleaners, brooms, and gloves for an effective clean. Any trash, dust, and other contaminants can also be thrown in EKOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commercial open top trash cans or soft close step bins. As we slowly transition out of the COVID-19 era, one cannot help but think that diseases, viruses, bacteria, germs, and other harmful, contagious pathogens are a permanent occurence in life, which is why being prepared will always have its merits.

About CBK Hardware For almost a hundred years, a family’s surname has become synonymous to the country’s biggest hardware supply company. Co Ban Kiat Hardware Incorporated, of the Cobankiat family has a regular client network of more than 1,500 industrial organizations; 1,600 traditional community hardware stores, and 584 home building specialty chain of stores across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades. While the Filipinos continue to rebuild their lives post war, CBK Hardware sees the opportunity to introduce the retail concept once unheard for in hardware industry. The Hardware Workshop Store is the fruit if this endeavor. CBK Hardware further cemented its legendary distribution channel with the creation of Coby’ Design Center in Edsa Shangi La in 1996, a specialty store that caters to discriminating taste of modern Filipinos. In 1997, Mr. Johnny Cobankiat, the 4th generation Cobankiat leader, set another milestone for the company when he brings a franchise of Ace Hardware USA to the Philippines, and signs up CBK Hardware as one of its major suppliers. This further expanded into delivering quality world class products nearer to families of Filipino overseas workers in the countryside. A century’s excellence can quickly pass, and guided by the vision to be the largest network supplier of the biggest global brands in the hardware industry, CBK Hardware resolve to source the best products to supply its customers anytime and every time.

Where to Buy?

Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. is the largest authorized distributor of the best industrial hardware solution brands in the Philippines. To shop online, visit https://www.cbkhardware. com/

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Ground Floor, Cobankiat Building II, 231 Juan Luna St. Binondo Manila, Philippines. Phone +632 8243-1931 Phone +632 8243-5263 Phone +632 8894-6561

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F E A T U R E

S T O R Y

SHUSHU: Your Best Toilet Seat Bidet Buddy in Times of Health Crisis

It all started with an outbreak, COVID-19 has really gone far now and so Philippines imposed several measures to mitigate the spread of the virus nationwide. With this current situation people tend to panic and part of it is buying household staples. Little did the people know that when they do panic buying thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s someone out there who was left behind to suffice their needs. Alcohol, hand sanitizers, face masks, vitamins and tissues are one of those hotsell products in the nation. People initially believe that these products can help them not to get caught by the virus. But people 16

are missing out the most important thing that we should apply and its being hygienic. One of the notable things to think about is bathroom hygiene. Now according to Jason Galeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s article, a senior editor in Bloomberg; coronavirus may reveal a hidden risk of spreading through our fecal matter. In this alarming fact, toilet facilities must improve and with SHUSHU in your bathroom would be highly advisable. Safe Hygiene Unit or what we known as SHUSHU has been recently introduced to the market as a

key green technology. SHUSHU is a tool that will help us sustain a proper hygienic bathroom facility in both private and public places. SHUSHU has these characteristics that promote absolute hygiene and the assets that will help us avoid COVID-19 transmissions. In some other places like USA, running out of toilet tissues led to have an increase interest in bidets. Companies nowadays are viewing it as a smart toilet necessity. And with that increasing interests and a moment of an outbreak occurring, people abruptly embrace bidets as a smart alternative. Now, practically speaking, bidets such as SHUSHU in this time of crisis will be a very smart move because it essentially avoids everyone in getting out of their houses just to buy tissues and also less exposure in contacting unwanted infected materials or areas that could led everyone to gain the virus. According to studies, it is more convenient to use bidet, specifically SHUSHU because as the CEO Tetsu Fukuda of Japan Style Inc. claims that SHUSHU or Safe Hygiene Unit is designed to help everyone in promoting absolute hygiene in every household locally and internationally and at the same time it also helps to solve common bathroom issues in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current situation. Bidets maybe hard to grasps in the Philippines but now people were slowly embracing it as well. And people wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like to miss out this amazing product for just a cost of 4,800 pesos, you can have a luxurious bathroom experience while being practical. Safe Hygiene Unit contains water filter that prevents the coming of dirty tiny particles from water, it is also coverless to avoid

bacterial growth in tiny spaces within the toilet seat bidet and lastly, unlike common hand-held bidet wherein you have to grasps the whole bidet to clean up yourself, with SHUSHU, it takes only your thumb and index fingers to touch its main lever designated for cleaning. The lever is where you adjust the water pressure. SHUSHU also has two nozzles that cleans both the rear part and front area of the user. In times of pandemic crisis like this, people should be aware that the more hygienic you are, the safer. SHUSHU will now be your best toilet seat bidet buddy at the safety of your own bathroom.

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The Best Paint Protection for Your Roof Against Heat, Leaks and Rust This paint can protect your roof from heat, leaks and rust

hile summertime in the Philippines meant beaches and sunny weather for a good two to three months, this also meant extreme damage to your rooftops caused by the scorching summer heat. On average, a flat roof receives 1,000 watts of sunlight per square meter in midday. A dark-painted roof will likely absorb a majority of this energy, making your rooftops hot and consequently forcing your air conditioning units to cool this huge amount of hot air. A simple solution to this problem is painting your roof white, similar to what the Greeks are doing for the last couple of centuries. White roof is known to reflect a whopping 85% of sunlight, while a black roof can heat to over 80C which is enough for you to fry an egg. But painting your roof white for the summer is one thing; protecting your roof for the following seasons is another. Good thing that Rain or Shine Paint has your back when it comes to top quality roof paints and sealants.

Protecting Your Roofs Aside from extreme heat, thermal shock, which results from being exposed to cold summer rains after being scorched with intense UV rays, is among the major reasons of roof damage. Thermal shock significantly reduces the structureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quality, along with improper ventilation that causes mold growth and rotting. To avoid all of these problems, it is best to seal your roof with Rain or Shine Roof Mastic. Its premium quality formulation is designed to waterproof your roof and protect it against harmful UV rays. It is also specially formulated to prevent any future leaks to get your home ready for the oncoming rainy season. This Paint and Seal technology creates a virtually impenetrable, protective membrane that keeps your roof waterproofed, making it last longer and helping you save time and money.

Repairing Your Roofs While shingles and rolled roofing add aesthetics to your home, metal roofs are more commonly used in the Philippines because of their easy installation and longer last span. However, this type of roofing will eventually collect rust once its coating wears off. When this happens, it is best to treat rust before it creates holes and cracks on your roof. To start off, remove the rust from your roof by either scrubbing with a wire brush and some water and detergent mixture. You could also simply sand the roof with an 80-grit wet/dry sandpaper. Make sure to remove molds as well to reveal all the rust and create a smooth surface for your paint and sealant to stick on. Now cover all the holes and cracks with your preferred sealant before finally covering your roof with Rain or Shine Sun Roof Paint. This elastomeric gloss roof paint is perfect for both pre-painted or unpainted galvanized iron sheets. Its unique formulation is especially mixed with agents for reducing dirt pick up while increasing weather resistance. On top of that, it protects your roof from peeling, cracking, chalking, and corrosion, all while ensuring the high-quality look of your rooftop.

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Rockwell Automation Appoints New Asia Pacific Regional President Scott Wooldridge assumes role as Regional President, Asia Pacific, to lead the execution of the company’s strategy to bring the Connected Enterprise to life.

ockwell Automation, Inc (NYSE: ROK) today announced that Scott Wooldridge has been appointed as Regional President, Asia Pacific, succeeding Joe Sousa who had been serving in the role since August 2016. Wooldridge will be leading the execution of the company’s strategy to bring the Connected Enterprise to life, combining Rockwell Automation’s technology and domain expertise to deliver positive business outcomes for customers. “Scott is an experienced executive with a proven track record and

passion for developing customer centric strategies that drive results and foster partnerships and collaboration,” said Blake Moret, chaiman and chief executive officer, Rockwell Automation. “His strong history with Rockwell Automation and vast experience in the industry makes Scott the ideal candidate to lead Asia Pacific, particularly as we navigate more challenging times and continue to map our route to success.” Having joined Rockwell Automation in 2017 as Regional Director, South Pacific, Wooldridge was most recently Vice President, Pacific

Rim -- a portfolio within the Asia Pacific region covering the markets of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea and South East Asia. Before joining Rockwell Automation, Scott held the role of chief executive officer at Energy Action and was a board member with the Energy Efficiency Council, both in Australia. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I am delighted to have the opportunity to lead the Asia Pacific team and am already immensely proud of their response to the challenging environment we currently find ourselves in. I look forward to working closely with the regional leadership and our valued partners to deliver long-term sustainable success for Rockwell Automation in Asia Pacific.â&#x20AC;? said Scott Wooldridge, regional president, Rockwell Automation, Asia Pacific. Rockwell Automation has had an established presence in Asia Pacific for over 40 years, and continues to invest in its vision of expanding human possibility and digital transformation for its customers across the region. With over 4000 dedicated employees in the region and a robust ecosystem of partners collaborating towards delivering value for our customers, Rockwell Automation continues to transform the industry, unlocking potential and productivity through automated and connected innovation.

About Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation, Inc. (NYSE: ROK), is a global leader in industrial automation and digital transformation. We connect the imaginations of people with the potential of technology to expand what is humanly possible, making the world more productive and more sustainable. Headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Rockwell Automation employs approximately 23,000 problem solvers dedicated to our customers in more than 100 countries. To learn more about how we are bringing The Connected Enterprise to life across industrial enterprises, visit www.rockwellautomation.com. 25

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for the implementation of these laws, their effects on the economy, businesses, utilities, and industries have been detrimental and disadvantageous to say the least. In more ways than won, the coronavirus has also given way for great uncertainty about oil demand. Following the discovery of the new virus and infections 29

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in Wuhan, China at the beginning of this year, the prices for oil have significantly declined by about 20 USD a barrel until the end of the first week of March. Indeed, as security personnel and government officials in China shuttered production facilities and other non-essential businesses as part of their endeavors to prevent the corona virus from spreading, oil demand from China dropped drastically as well. The Oil Market Report from the International Energy Agency gives emphasis

to the gravity of Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in the consumption of oil since they account for 14% of global oil demand and more than 80% of global growth in demand last year. A newly released report predicts that in the latter part of 2020, the worldwide oil demand growth will fall for the first time since 2009. Indeed, due to Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s increasingly salient role in the global economy, any sort of problem China might encounter in regards to its economy is likely to notably affect the other countries as well. Global fear and

uncertainty in regards to the spread of COVID-19 is likely to negatively affect investment decisions in China and in other countries, further weighing on demand prospects and lowering oil prices. The subsidence in oil prices roiled financial markets and got them nervous about the spread of the novel coronavirus. Equities in the US and the rest of the world lost approximately 7% while shares in US shale companies were hit the hardest. Some shale stocks had lost 30% to 50% of their value. These moves suggest that investors are definitely challenged by the pandemic as they are experiencing an intensified fear of recession and have begun spending their time in searching for economic and financial safety. Needless to say, there were a lot of economic and social effects.

As the world continues to struggle and adjust with this deep fear of recession, the Middle East and North Africa could be the hardest affected by what could arguably be the most destructive economic storm: the coronavirus spreading to the region and oil prices collapsing. As of 9 March 2020, Iran had divulged a great number of important statistics: there were over 7,000 individuals who tested positive for the coronavirus, with at least 237 deaths having taken place due to the pandemic. The rapid rise in contracting the coronavirus there will surely disrupt the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s production, trade, businesses, and other industries dependent on the oil industry to keep them going. The United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the West Bank

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According to The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) president WIlliam Bahnfleth, any air cleaner that can remove particles from the air has the basic ability to reduce oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exposure to coronavirus.

and Gaza all have also reported COVID-19 infections. The capability and means to contain the virus, while important without a doubt, will ultimately depend on the strength of the public health systems of those countries. As a general rule, lower prices are good for countries importing oil and bad for countries in the business of oil importation. An easy way to get a sense of the size of the real income effect is to multiply the difference between production and consumption (net oil export) as a share of GDP by the percentage point increase in the oil price. For instance, based on a hypothetical assumption that oil prices were to stay 48% below the 2019 level, Kuwait – where net oil exports account for 43% of GDP – would experience a decline in real income of about 20% of GDP. For the same increase in price, Morocco would experience an increase in real income equivalent to 3% of GDP. That having been said, in affecting the oil industry, the coronavirus has set off a series of chain reactions that have been affecting all other industries, mainly those that depend on the oil industry’s gains and services. However, due to the emergence of COVID-19 fighting technologies and medicine, who could know for sure when this whole thing will subside and give way to normalcy once again. -end-

N E WS

Oil Price War Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic from the stock market. For now, however, the strong dollar due to exceptionally strong demand and a broken bond market especially on the corporate side, highlights the challenging road that lies ahead. Turning to commodities, the table below shows the damage inflicted on the sector so far this year. Crude oil, which is the glue that keeps the global economy going while also providing the main income for many countries and regions, has led the collapse. An extraordinary slump in global demand has opened up a 5 to 10 million barrels/day gap between demand and supply. Writing about global market developments at this moment in our shared history has been particularly challenging over the past couple of weeks. Denmark, like many other countries, is currently in a partial lock down while we watch the number of casualties from Covid-19 continue to grow, not least in Europe, the current epicenter, but probably soon in the US as well. Working from home, trying to stay out of harms way, has been the right decision to adopt by governments. The flipside is the terrible cost in terms of lost revenues and pressure on smaller 48

companies to stay afloat and to keep their staff on the payroll. Over the coming weeks and months we are going to see a dramatic jump in unemployment thereby signaling a temporary end to the good times that many have experienced during the past decade. Governments and central banks have already stepped up and dozens of major bazookas have been fired in order to support individuals and companies. Perhaps we reached peak panic this past week, only time will tell. At least weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re seeing some stabilization emerging, not least

The price war started by Saudi Arabia two weeks ago combined with a continued drop in demand as countries grind to a halt and planes are grounded could see this gap potentially rise by another 5 million barrels/day from April and onwards. The result of these developments has been an unprecedented oil price collapse which on Wednesday saw Brent crude oil touch $25/b for the first time since 2003. Compared with the average price of $65/b in 2019, the net reduction in payments from consumers to producers is currently close to $3.5 billion

dollars per day. Energy companies have suffered steep declines in their market cap during this time. With no letup in the price war, the attention has turned to the ability of heavily indebted production companies to survive this race to the bottom, especially in the US where binge borrowing and dismal returns on equity has left many smaller producers in trouble. It will become a race to the bottom unless drastic measures to curb supply are being implemented. The daily rise in storage could see tanks hitting peak capacity within months and such a development would eventually force production down. This however would be at a tremendous cost and pain to all, including Russia and Saudi Arabia. What could change this race to the bottom would be the announcement of a production cut from the Texas Railroad Commission which regulates oil and gas production production in Texas, the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s third largest production area. They have the authority to step in and order a reduction, just like they did in 1973. Such a move would dramtically increase the chance of dialogue and for Russia and Saudi Arabia to step back from the their war of words and war on price. For the sake of the global economy and the wellbeing of everyone, both producers and consumers, the main focus over the next 12 months is to avoid reaching the

top of the tank as the price would otherwise collapse. A production cut across the board of 10% would ensure that the oil market avoid this scenario. These are extraordinary times that requires extraordinary decision. Goldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s failure to rally over the past few weeks, as Covid-19 spread and economic uncertainty rose, has triggered a great deal of uncertainty about what role it plays. In the short-term, the metal is being challenged by a continued demand to raise cash, a surging

dollar and rising real yields as inflation expectations take a tumble. We maintain a positive outlook and draw some parallels with what happened during and after the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009. Back then the eventual recovery started in gold mining stocks before moving to gold and it took another few months before the stock market finally bottomed out. With this in mind, we are keeping 49

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How have we maintained top sales in the logistics equipment field since our founding in 1972? Chiba Sogyo has continued to support the distribution which is the core of our economic activities. Ever since our founding, we have constantly led the logistics equipment industry. “How can we satisfy customer needs to the greatest possible extent?” – To achieve this goal, we have accumulated knowledge and expertise, and then steadily incorporated this wisdom into our services. CS JAPAN CO., LTD 2-2-18 Tmasakinsi, Ichihara City, Chiba, Japan 2900044 Tel: +81-436-23-0511 Fax: +81-436-23-1611 www.csjapan.net kawarai@csjapan.net

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a close eye on gold mining stocks, through the Vaneck Major Gold Miners ETF (Ticker: GDX:arcx). Gold has now been through a 15% top to bottom sell-off before once again finding support at $1450/ oz. The correction has obviously once again raised the question of whether gold is worth itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tag as a safe-haven and diversifier. We believe the long term reasons for holding gold has if anything been strengthened by current developments. What about silver is a question many have asked after it collapsed to $11.65/oz, an 11-year low. The combination of being a lower liquidity metal, just like platinum and palladium, has borne the brunt of the cash-for-dash action this past week. The emerging recession added a further downside dimension given its 50% use in industrial applications. The gold-silver ratio meanwhile ballooned to a record 127 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ounces of silver to one ounce of 52

gold. Together with the Norwegian kroner they are at the confluence of the drivers that have been shaking global markets in recent weeks. Going forward, the price

movements in these two very different markets should give an indication of the risk sentiment in the market. The agriculture sector has now overtaken precious metals as

from China has strengthened four demand from mills with many turning to home baking.

the best performing commodity sector since the virus outbreak. This past week we have seen strong gains in Arabica coffee due to emerging supply-chain disruptions. Wheat has been another

strong performer in response to surging demand from panicked consumers filling up their pantries with bread, pasta and cookies. This developments as well as signs of rising demand

Finally, over the coming months the focus is likely to remain squarely on the price damaging impact of the dramatic drop in demand for many key commodities from crude oil and industrial metals to some agriculture commodities. But as the coronavirus continues to spread it is very possible that the supply outlook will become challenging as miners and producers begin to feel the impact of staff shortages and the breakdown in supply chains. The impact of lower fuel prices is being felt from agriculture to mining as it drives down the input costs. However, the potential risks to supply could see some markets find support sooner than the demand outlook suggests. Oil Price War Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic, By Ole S. Hansen, Head of Commodity Strategy, Saxo Bank 53

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Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals

entilation moves outdoor air into a COVID-19 hospitals (building or a room), and distributes the air within the building or room. The general purpose of ventilation in buildings is to provide healthy air for breathing by diluting the pollutants originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it. Building ventilation has three basic elements: 1. Ventilation rate: the amount and quality of outdoor air provided into the space. 2. Airflow direction: the overall airflow direction in COVID-19 Hospitals, which should be from clean to dirty zones. 3. Air distribution or airflow pattern: the external air should be delivered to each part of the space in an efficient manner, and the airborne pollutants generated in each part of the space should be removed in an efficient manner. There are three methods that may be used to ventilate COVID-19 Hospitals: natural, mechanical and hybrid (mixedmode) ventilation.

Proposed hybrid ventilation system for severe and critical wards To provide the best control to counteract the risks, the decision of whether to use mechanical or natural ventilation for infection control should be based on need, availability of resources, and the cost of the system. Considering the need to have a functioning SARI treatment centre within a short time, the difficulty of securing sealed chambers for 56

negative pressure (except in concrete buildings), and the importance of meeting IPC requirements, this document advises installing a hybrid ventilation system for wards for patients with severe disease and intensive care units, as this is easier to install than a mechanical system and more flexible in terms of ventilation rate. As described above, hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation relies on natural driving forces to provide the desired flow rate and uses mechanical ventilation when the flow rate is lower than that required to produce natural ventilation. Local environmental conditions vary from setting to setting, and so a top-down hybrid ventilation system is proposed. With top-down ventilation (fan-assisted stack plus a wind tower), when there is insufficient solar radiant loading on the stack (evenings and inclement days), the exhaust ventilation rate is supplemented by extraction fans while the supply ventilation rate is supplemented by the wind tower (wind scoop). The air extractor will easily permit control of the ventilation rate, meet the standard of

air changes per hour required, and ensure a constant unidirectional top-down airflow.

Extraction fan technical requirements There are many extraction fans available, such as bathroom and kitchen extractor fans, silent extractor fans, wall fans, and axial fans to remove fumes, smoke, heat and steam (Figure 9). In order to follow the IPC standards required for the SARI treatment centre, the following specifications should be met: •Wall-mounted only: the airflow should be top-down, from the ceiling to the floor. For this reason, the extractor must be installed on the wall about 20 cm above ground level in order to avoid damage due to splashes while cleaning and disinfecting the floor. •Backdraught shutter: to direct the exhaust airflow. •Power rating: according to availability and the country’s regulations.

The formula to calculate the extraction fan airflow needed given a specific bed capacity is:

For example, to calculate the extractor airflow needed for a five-bed room: Extractor airflow [l/s] = Maximum bed capacity × 160 l/s/patient Extractor airflow [l/s] = five-bed capacity × 160 l/s/patient Extractor airflow [l/s] = 800 l/s

•Sound: 38 dBA at 3 m (or as quiet as possible) to avoid constant noise that may disturb patients and staff. •Airflow (measured in cubic metres per hour or litres per second): according to the room’s maximum bed capacity, considering at least the minimum standard of 160 litres per second per patient or 576 cubic metres per hour per patient.

Installing an air extractor in a patient’s room The air extractor should be installed properly to create the correct airflow (Figure 10). Air should always move from clean to more dirty zones, and in a top-down direction, in order to reduce nosocomial infections. It is advisable to install the air extractor at least 20 cm above the floor to avoid possible splashing and damage while cleaning the room.

PEMEX’S PARTNER IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION Huawei is a leading global Information and Communications Technology solutions provider. Our industry-leading products and solutions have been deployed in more than 170 countries. In the 2017 Global Fortune 500 list, we ranked 83rd, thanks to our customer-centric vision and yearly investment in R&D (at least 10 percent of revenue). Huawei has delivered services to 70 percent of the world’s top 20 oil and gas companies. Mexico and Spain are prime examples. Mexico — Pemex, the largest company in Mexico, dedicated to petroleum and petrochemicals, is undergoing a major Digital Transformation project, expected to be the largest of its kind in the Latin America O&G Industry. Huawei helps Pemex ICT transformation by successfully deploying Agile Campus and IMS(IP Multimedia System) solution. Based on integrated networking and collaboration solution, more than 60,000 employees distributed in 13 branches enjoy ultimate experience. Huawei 8-inch HD video phone provides easy and secure collaboration, Agile campus switch makes network intelligent and smoothly evolution for future. At the same time, Huawei unified solution accelerates and simplifies Pemex network operations, improve O&M efficiency by 50 percent. Spain — CEPSA, one of the leading energy companies in Spain, has to process massive amounts of data during crude oil exploration and production, therefore, there is a need for an effective data analysis solution in order to improve exploration and production efficiency. As CEPSA’s business grew rapidly, traditional databases failed to meet ERP system requirements and were holding back business development. Additionally, traditional servers and storage require high maintenance skills. CEPSA was looking for a cost-effective solution that could be flexibly expanded. Huawei provided solutions for CEPSA, including mission-critical servers, storage, switches to build a reliable and stable new-generation database system. Huawei servers greatly enhance CEPSA’s ERP system performance, which has led to an improvement in production efficiency. CEPSA’s financial analysis system has doubled the number of transactions it can process, meeting strict service requirements.

Huawei servers achieve a failure rate 15% lower than industry average, guaranteeing that the system runs reliably. Huawei uses industry standard components, greatly reducing costs for procurement and future capacity expansion.

Huawei cooperates closely with top global partners in the oil and gas industry. In oil and gas industry, we focus on digital pipeline, oil and gas IoT, High-Performance Computing (HPC), and operations management application platforms. Huawei is committed to providing one-stop ICT infrastructure solutions. Meanwhile, we have established an open, diversified, and win-win ecosystem. These include underlying automation enterprises, upper-layer application providers, and oil and gas engineering design enterprises worldwide. • Huawei’s server and Schlumberger’s reservoir analysis software have completed integration and admission testing • Huawei and Honeywell have jointly developed and officially released a wireless gas detection solution based on Huawei eLTE • Huawei and PCICT, a branch of Sinopec, together have developed a smart engineering solution for oil refining

Huawei is commited to being Pemex’s best partner in its digital transformation. Huawei is dedicated to building innovative infrastructure platforms for enterprise digital transformation by making optimal use of emerging technologies, such as cloud computing, SDN, Big Data, and the IoT. Also, by working closely with skilled partners, Huawei helps enterprises attain their goals of agile, intelligent digital upgrades. To date, 197 companies in Fortune’s Global 500, 45 of which are in the top 100, have selected Huawei as their partner for digital transformation. Huawei looks forward to implementing digital transformation with you and creating a fully connected and intelligent world.

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UCLA Engineer Made a Ventilator from Hardware Items

hree weeks ago, GineersNow editors shout-out to engineering universities around the world to build a DIY ventilator. Last week, we received this outstanding prototype and verified its authenticity. A UCLA Biodesign Fellow has developed in one week, a working, low-cost ventilator prototype built from parts purchased at a hardware store like ACE Hardware, Cobankiat Hardware or Home Depot. If additional development with medical-grade materials, further testing and clinical studies yield positive results, the device could provide treatment for patients who need respiratory support but not the full functionality of a high-priced ventilator. Mechanical ventilators in today’s hospitals are highly sophisticated, powerful devices, capable of adapting to the varying needs of patients with a wide range of pulmonary disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. These full-featured ventilators are complex and expensive, costing from $30,000 to $50,000 and requiring dedicated software to administer high concentrations of oxygen to assist patients in respiratory distress. Why not a DIY from a hardware store? But treatment of some lung problems, like those often experienced by patients with COVID-19, does not require that level of sophistication, and the new prototype – a sort of “ventilator-lite” – might provide the essential lifesaving functions at a fraction of the price. Glen Meyerowitz, a graduate Electrical and Computer Engineering student at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, watched with alarm earlier this month as news reports and medical professionals predicted a severe shortage of ventilators needed to treat the projected surge in COVID-19

need for supplies of low-cost ventilators for similar patients in similar circumstances. “Direct collaboration with UCLA Health’s clinical community is key to identifying and optimizing the specific features needed for this unique clinical challenge,” said Meyerowitz, adding that the team is working with UCLA Health’s Department of Anesthesiology to best replicate the conditions that clinicians are facing.

patients. He looked at research coming out of Seattle, China and other disease hot spots around the world, reviewed widely accepted treatment protocols and consulted with clinicians from around the U.S. to determine the exact functionalities needed in a device. His review of clinical research and discussion with over a dozen medical professionals confirmed that COVID-19 patients often need treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, which has a much narrower treatment regime than that needed by many patients typically seen in an ICU. He set out to design a smaller, simpler device capable of providing the standard level of care for ARDS – the ARDS Networkprotocol – but without the extra features and price tag of a standard machine. Using parts purchased from a hardware store, he built his prototype in a little under one week. Early tests were encouraging, and now Meyerowitz is in contact with several certified design and manufacturing firms to begin medical-grade production of the devices for testing at the UCLA Simulation Center in preparation for an IRB study at UCLA Health. The Biodesign team is working on several fronts to maximize efficiency because the course and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown but production of a thoroughly tested and refined device is expected to be several months away. In any event, the current shortage brings to light the

“This low-cost ventilator prototype is an excellent example of how interdisciplinary teams at UCLA Health are collaborating to find medical solutions. Downstream considerations, such as readily available manufacturing and supply chain resources, regulatory clearance, as well as hospital staffing in the event of a surge will need to be addressed to move this expeditiously from design and development into accelerated service.” – Jennifer McCaney, co-executive director of UCLA Biodesign “The UCLA Biodesign Fellowship provides inventive engineering, medicine and business entrepreneurs an opportunity to prototype solutions to clinical needs at UCLA Health. In the COVID-19 crisis, Glen saw a possible opportunity to transform the practice of medicine and individual patient lives in an immediate and profound way.” – Desert HorseGrant, Sr. director, UCLA Health Research and Innovation, co-executive director of UCLA Biodesign “UCLA Biodesign utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to assemble a team of experts to tackle some of today’s most challenging clinical needs – and there is no greater need at this time than saving lives during the fast-growing COVID-19 pandemic.” – Johnese Spisso, president of UCLA Health; CEO of UCLA Hospital System and Associate vice chancellor of UCLA Health Sciences; Member of the Biodesign Program Advisory Board Although Meyerowitz and the team are not yet able to predict the final price tag, they expect the ventilators might be mass produced in the range of $1,000 per unit.

Digitalization is one of the biggest buzz-words in business today, and for Siemens, it is far simpler and more efficient a concept than many believe.

“What you see in the market – the presentations, the articles, the talks about trading values, terms like ‘game change’, ‘new paradigm’, ‘transformative’, ‘disruptive’ – so much of that is hyperbole,” says Stefan Bungart, Head of Digitalization in the Power Generation Services Department of Siemens. “All these big words don’t translate into real outcomes or meaningful action for customers. The real pain points they are asking about aren’t to do with understanding the transformative effects of digitalization. They want to know, for example how they can keep up with industry standards, how to create a more fuel-efficient fleet, and how to keep data safe. Those are just some of the issues we’re addressing. There’s a lot of noise around digitalization, and we’re working to cut through that noise and get to the core benefits.”

performance. Really, what we’re trying to do is help our customers understand how they can use digitalization strategically.”

Power generation customers look to the company for simplified, focused, and tailored solutions. Siemens delivers a wide range of data-driven products and services to meet changing industry requirements, bringing technology together with customer challenges to generate real and meaningful value. Generally the focus lies within three focus areas – profitability, mitigating risk, th and improving performance – and Siemens supports customers to drive these goals.

“All of our services sit on a secure IoT operating system that Siemens has developed called MindSphere,” says Bungart. “The end-to-end security element we’ve built into it makes it incomparable; it’s a secure environment from the sensor to cloud, for which we developed specific hardware and software, ensuring plug-and-play capability. pl

“With digitalization, it’s a matter of applying it to problems in your organization in a positive way,” Bungart continues. “We help people get to the real value that digital services can provide rather than spending a lot of time talking about potential opportunities. We’ve been building a large set of experiences with customers and engaging in many projects to optimize our eng

End-to-end cyber security is of paramount importance to Siemens, and that emphasis is what sets it apart from many competitors. It boasts a suite of services based on data and analytics targeted to a range of needs, including data protection, to ensure information and infrastructure are fully protected.

"While some see data as gold, simply collecting data for data's sake is no remedy. It requires the best possible technology to protect it and the best possible minds to interpret and realize its full value. It's not a question of waiting 10 years for digitalization to develop - it's here now and Siemens is at the forefront.

www.siemens.com/digital-services-energy

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Engineers, Can You Help Build a DIY Ventilator for Hospitals? Once patients are on ventilators, we let them rest while the machines ensure they have the oxygen necessary for the lungs to heal. Modifications to these machines’ settings are planned by the medical staff as the patients’ conditions change or as test results become available. At the moment, this might involve summoning a specialist because nobody else dares touch the bewildering display.

e are compiling all the DIY ventilator available online so you can decide which ventilator model is best suitable for you to work on. How can an engineering student or engineer at home help? Engineers can immediately help to produce cheaper ventilators for critical care especially in the developing world, where healthcare machines are scarce or not available.

The Problem Reports from intensive-care doctors in Italy and China tell the same story: There’s not 64

The Solution enough ventilator in the hospitals. Even before there’s a vaccine or antiviral medications, critically ill COVID-19 patients often will pull through if there are enough mechanical ventilation machines that can buy time for them to recover. There are three problems: 1. High demand and low supply. Literally every hospital around the world want to purchase ventilators. 2. Ventilators are too damn expensive (between $25,000 and $50,000 each) 3.Logistics is a great challenge. Airports and countries are in lockdown.

There might be engineers who can create a DIY ventilator and donate to their nearest hospital. We do not need a “Tesla” looking ventilator with sexy touch screens and voice activated commands… we just need an ugly duckling basic ventilator that is fully functional and can be replicated by everyone. Here are several open source DIY ventilator that we found online. We thought that engineers might be able to create this DIY ventilator while you are in home quarantine.

Italian engineers made a prototype scuba diving mask ventilator. Accorcing to Isinnova, “the prototype as a whole has been tested on one of our colleagues directly inside the Chiari Hospital, connected to the ventilator body, and has proven to be correctly working. The hospital itself was enthusiastic about the idea and decided to test the device on a patient in need. The testing was successful. We’are reiterating that the idea is designed for healthcare facilities and wants to help in realization of an emergency mask in the case of a full-blown difficult situation, where is not possible to in find official healthcare supplies. Neither the mask nor the link are certified and their use is subject to a situation of mandatory need.”

Scuba Diving Mask Turned Ventilator by Isinnova

MIT, along with schools across the nation, has asked all of us to work from home. The crisis has created a unique opportunity to experiment in online / distance education and we are all learning together. According to MIT, “Our process in approaching this question is to first identify the minimum requirements for a low-cost ventilator, based on the collective wisdom of many clinicians, design against these requirements, conduct immediate testing, report the results, iterate and facilitate discussion. Manual ventilation with an Ambubag is a short-term solution in a critical care environment, without any apparent clinical evidence regarding the safety of long-term use (days-weeks). There are multiple scenarios in which respiratory support could be needed: patients can be awake or asleep, sedated or sedated and paralyzed, breathing spontaneously, weaning off of a vent, etc. Furthermore, changing clinical presentations with ARDS

MIT E-Vent

require shifting minute ventilation (tidal volume x respiratory rate) to “lung-protective” strategies, which place patient’s at risk for things like auto-PEEP. Some of these situations are simpler than others, with the simplest being ventilating a sedated, paralyzed patient, and at a minimum a safe emergency

ventilator could be used in such a situation to free-up a conventional ventilator.”

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University of Minnesota, Dr. Richardson, Aaron Tucker of the University Bakken MDC, MGC Diagnostics, Protolabs, and Digi-Key

Easily manufactured, open source, low-cost ventilator prototype for COVID-19 patients. These ventilators are designed to be used under very specific circumstances, i.e., where bagvalve mask (BVM) ventilation is not contraindicated and where trained medical staff can supervise the machine. If BVM is the only available option due to a shortage of more sophisticated ventilators, this will be an option. Humanadministered BVM ventilation is not going to be possible with the

expected volume of patients, and with the possible need to ventilate them 24/7 for days.

Ginhawa (ReliefVent), Dept. of Science & Technology, Philippines

The product is relatively lightweight (8kg) unit and mainly powered by compressed air. It can do controlled ventilation, assist-control ventilation, and synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation. It contains an internal differential pressure transducer for detecting patient inspiratory efforts and refinement of the internal oxygen blender and humidifier, which is uncommon to most of the commercially-

available ventilators. Benchtesting using Michigan Instruments Pneuview Test Lung and animal (dog) studies testing were done, proving its safety and efficacy. It is currently undergoing human trials. The proponent is currently seeking a manufacturing company that will add to its value engineering both for the software and hardware, and a partner for its commercialization.

Julian Bota’s Simple Mechanical Ventilator

Julian Botta, a third-year emergency medicine resident at Johns Hopkins University put together a Google Doc called “Specifications for simple open source mechanical ventilator.” Julian lays out the key features of the kinds of ventilators used for coronavirus patients. He also

proposes a design for an opensource ventilator after seeing that engineers were interested in designing ventilators but didn’t know much about how they worked.

Low-Cost Open-Source Ventilatorish Device or PAPR

In the event that COVID-19 hospitalizations exhaust the availability of FDA approved ventilators. This project documents the process of converting a low-cost CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) blower into a

rudimentary non-invasive pressure support ventilator that could help with breathing during respiratory distress. It’s an evolving project, but in it’s current form, it most aligned with the definition of a non-invasive pressure support BiPAP ventilator.

About Ventilator What is a Ventilator A ventilator is a machine that supports breathing by getting oxygen into the lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body. The amount of oxygen the patient receives can be controlled through a monitor connected to the ventilator. The ventilator is connected to the patient through a tube that is placed into the mouth or nose and down the windpipe. The amount of oxygen the patient receives can be controlled through a monitor connected to the ventilator. Modern ventilators are electronically controlled by a small embedded computer processor that allows pressure and air flow to be adjusted to an individual patient’s needs. Anyone on a ventilator in an intensive care unit will be hooked up to a monitor that measures heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. A ventilator also may be used during treatment for a serious lung disease or other condition that affects normal breathing. They are classified as lifecritical systems and precautions must be taken to ensure that they are OS Ventilator Ireland Community Oxygen Iteration 5 reliable.

How Much Does a Ventilator Cost? A hospital-grade ventilator is a costly machine — running between $25,000 and $50,000 each — that helps patients breathe when they can’t perform that function on their own. Because the coronavirus, in extreme cases, can cause breathing difficulties, these machines are vital to saving lives during the pandemic.

Warning / Disclaimer Whenever possible, please seek professional medical care with proper equipment setup by trained individuals. Do not use random information you found on the internet. We are not medical professionals, just a random writers putting information on the internet. There are significant risks associated with using a high pressure BiPAP as a DIY ventilator without medical supervision. When you successfully build your DIY ventilator, seek the approval of medical authority, hospital or healthcare department before using it.

Oxygen Iteration 5 built in acrylic. This project seeks to combine and improve the efforts of these two projects into a more simple and reliable device that consists mostly of easy to source or 3D printed parts.

OxyGEN is an open hardware prototype that has been collaboratively developed by a group of engineers led by Barcelona based company, PROTOFY.xyz. Initiated March 2020.

OpenLung BVM Ventilator RICE Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen, BIOE Senior Design

An [IN PROGRESS] open source, low resource, quick deployment ventilator design that utilizes a bag valve mask (BVM or Ambu-bag) as a core component. An open collaboration with http://opensourceventilator.ie/.

Designing the Automated Bag Valve Mask: Providing Ventilation for Low Resource Settings

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Remove Bureaucracy to Keep Global Medical Supply Chains Open Air Cargo Bottlenecks Could Put Lives at Risk Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic Urgent Government Action Required •Introducing fast track procedures for overflight and landing permits for cargo operations, particularly in key manufacturing hubs in Asia — China, Korea and Japan — in response to the increased number of cargo charters replacing withdrawn passenger operations.

he International Air Transport Association (IATA) and its members renewed their call to governments to take urgent measures to ensure that vital air cargo supply lines remain open, efficient and effective. “Air cargo is a vital partner in the global fight against COVID-19. But we are still seeing examples of cargo flights filled with lifesaving medical supplies and equipment grounded due to cumbersome and bureaucratic processes to secure slots and operating permits. These delays are endangering lives. All governments need to step up

to keep global medical supply chains open,” said Alexandre de Juniac, IATA’s Director General and CEO. The COVID-19 crisis has seen almost the entire worldwide passenger aircraft fleet grounded; a fleet which normally transports almost half of total air cargo shipments. Airlines are scrambling to meet the gap between cargo demand and available lift by all means possible, including reintroducing freighter services and using passenger aircraft for cargo operations. To support these efforts, governments need to remove key obstacles by:

•Exempting flight crew members who do not interact with the public from 14-day quarantine requirements to ensure cargo medical supply chains are maintained •Supporting temporary traffic rights for cargo operations where restrictions may apply •Removing economic impediments, such as overflight charges, parking fees, and slot restrictions to support air cargo operations during these unprecedented times •Removing operating hour curfews for cargo flights to facilitate the most flexible global air cargo network operations The World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated the importance of air cargo in

the fight to slow the spread of COVID-19: “Around the world the frontline health workers who fight against COVID- 19 need to be continuously supplied with necessary medical equipment and protective material. It is our collective duty to keep these medical supply lines open by continuing air cargo operations. The scale-down of air passenger flow is seriously hurting our scheduled freight operations. We call on airline companies and governments to join the global effort to ensure dedicated freight capacity continues to operate on previously high volume passenger routes that are now closed down,” says Paul Molinaro, Chief, Operations Support and Logistics, WHO. “Air cargo is on the front line, not only fighting COVID-19 but ensuing that global medical supply chains are maintained for the most time-sensitive materials including food and other products purchased online in support of quarantine and social distancing policies implemented by states. But we can only continue to do this if we work together with the support of governments. Keeping medical supply lines open also supports

jobs in local economies for example producers of perishables in Africa and Latin America. We are stronger together,” said Glyn Hughes, IATA Global Head of Air Cargo.

charter flight from Abu Dhabi to Zagreb delivering critical medical equipment China Eastern delivered a significant amount of medical supplies to support doctors in Italy

Keeping Air Cargo Moving

•Austrian used 2 passenger B777 aircraft to fly medical equipment from China to Austria

Airlines are taking extraordinary measures to ensure the flow of vital goods by air. Some examples include: •Delta, American and United have started cargo-only flights, using passenger aircraft domestically and internationally to bolster depressed global airfreight capacity •Air Canada, Austrian, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Iberia, Korean, LATAM Lufthansa, Qantas, Scoot, Swiss and many other carriers have made some passenger aircraft in their fleets available for chartered cargo operations •Ethiopian Airlines is playing a key role in transporting COVID-19 medical equipment through its hub to Africa’s 54 nations, including recently transporting equipment donated by the Jack Ma Foundation •Croatian Airlines has operated a

•Airlink, a nonprofit organization working with aviation and logistics partners to transport relief workers and emergency supplies have transported 16,127 lbs, of medical supplies and food aid to help the COVID-19 relief effort •FedEx Express has helped the US government transport COVID-19 test specimens from more than 50 remote drive-thru testing centers at major retailers across 12 states. •The UPS Foundation has expanded its relief response to Coronavirus, delivering urgent medical supplies, food and housing, and financial assistance to aid in recovery efforts •Airbus has transported 2 million face masks from China to Europe on a test A330-800 aircraft — the majority will be donated to Spain & France

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Service Provider Outlook

COVID-19 Deaths to Reach 81,000 in US By June – Forecasts by IHME & Univ. of Washington Assuming Strong Social Distancing, This Wave of the Pandemic Could End in the US in June In a forecast based on new data analyses, researchers find demand for ventilators and beds in US hospital intensive care units (ICUs) will far exceed capacity for COVID-19 patients as early as the second week of April. Deaths related to the current wave of COVID-19 deaths in the US are likely to persist into July, even assuming people protect themselves and their communities by strongly adhering to social distancing measures and by taking other precautions advised by public health officials. “Our estimated trajectory of COVID-19 deaths assumes continued and uninterrupted vigilance by the general 76

public, hospital and health workers, and government agencies,” said Dr. Christopher Murray, Director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington’s School of Medicine. “The trajectory of the pandemic will change – and dramatically for the worse – if people ease up on social distancing or relax with other precautions. We encourage everyone to adhere to those precautions to help save lives.” IHME’s analysis, based on observed death rates, estimates that over the next four months in the US, approximately 81,000 people will die from the virus.

Estimates range between 38,000 and 162,000 US deaths. The analysis was developed in response to requests from the University of Washington School of Medicine and other US hospital systems and state governments working to determine when COVID-19 would overwhelm their ability to care for patients. The stateby-state data analysis projects demand for hospital services, including the availability of ventilators, beds, and general hospital beds. The forecast predicts that 41 states will need more ICU beds than they currently have available and that 11 states may need to increase their ICU beds by 50% or more to meet patient needs before the current wave of the pandemic ends. (The end is defined as fewer than 10 deaths per day nationwide.) IHME will update the analysis routinely as a source of “realtime” information for hospital system administrators and local, state, and federal health policymakers. The analysis is based on an extensive range of information and data sources, including: • Local governments, national governments, and the World Health Organization • Government declarations on implementation of social distancing policies • Data from the American Hospital Association on licensed hospital bed and ICU capacity and average annual utilization of these services by

state • Data on COVID-19-related demand for ICU services in the United States • Age-specific death rate data from China, Italy, South Korea, and the US IHME released a paper today that includes the in-depth analysis and a description of methods. The study discusses how health systems can help address excess need by: • Postponing elective procedures • Increasing the number of beds above licensed capacity • Establishing emergency field hospitals • Reducing staff-to-patient ratios “We hope these forecasts will help leaders of medical

systems figure out innovative ways to deliver high-quality care to those who will need their services in the coming weeks,” Murray said.

About the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) is an independent global health research organization at the University of Washington School of Medicine that provides rigorous and comparable measurement of the world’s most important health problems and evaluates the strategies used to address them. IHME is committed to transparency and makes this information widely available so that policymakers have the evidence they need to make informed decisions on allocating resources to improve population health. 77

Email: regulation@hse.cncic.cn

Tel:+86-10-64421139

www.chemhse.com

Registering and defending your chemicals on international markets • Compelling strategies and tailored solutions: testing, dossier preparation, risk assessments • Active defence of chemicals under authority evaluation or scrutiny • Global integrated registration services: EU, Asia-Pacific, Americas • SIEF and consortia management • OR and trustee support

N E W S

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Airlines COVID-19 Analysis: Aviation Collapsed Deep economic recession will delay traffic recovery. 38% fall in RPKs and $252 billion pax revenue loss in 2020.

• Variable costs are expected to drop sharply—by some 70% in the second quarter—largely in line with the reduction of an expected 65% cut in second quarter capacity. The price of jet fuel has also fallen sharply, although we estimate that fuel hedging will limit the benefit to a 31% decline. • Fixed and semi-fixed costs amount to nearly half an airline’s cost. We expect semi-fixed costs (including crew costs) to be reduced by a third. Airlines are cutting what they can, while trying to preserve their workforce and businesses for the future recovery. These changes to revenues and costs result in an estimated net loss of $39 billion in the second quarter.

he International Air Transport Association (IATA) published new analysis showing that airlines may burn through $61 billion of their cash reserves during the second quarter ending 30 June 2020, while posting a quarterly net loss of $39 billion. This analysis is based on the Airlines COVID-19 impact assessment IATA released last week, under a scenario in which severe travel restrictions last for three months. In this scenario, full-year demand 80

On top of unavoidable costs, airlines are faced with falls by 38% and full-year refunding sold but unused passenger revenues drop by tickets as a result of massive $252 billion compared to 2019. cancellations resulting The fall in demand would be from government-imposed the deepest in the second restrictions on travel. The quarter, with a 71% drop. second quarter liability for these is a colossal $35 billion. The Airlines COVID-19 Impact Cash burn will be severe. We will be severe, driven by the estimate airlines could be following factors: burning through $61 billion of their cash balances in the • Revenues are expected second quarter. to fall by 68%. This is less than the expected 71% “Airlines cannot cut costs fall in demand due to the fast enough to stay ahead of continuation of cargo the impact of this crisis. We operations, albeit at reduced are looking at a devastating levels of activity net loss of $39 billion in the

second quarter. The impact of that on cash burn will be amplified by a $35 billion liability for potential ticket refunds. Without relief, the industry’s cash position could deteriorate by $61 billion in the second quarter,” said Alexandre de Juniac, IATA’s Director General and CEO.

Airlines COVID-19 Presentation

Several governments are responding positively to the industry’s need for relief measures. Among countries providing specific financial or regulatory aid packages to the industry are Colombia, the United States, Singapore, Australia, China, New Zealand and Norway. Most recently, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, and the Netherlands have relaxed regulations to allow airlines to offer passengers travel vouchers in place of refunds. “Travel and tourism is essentially shut down in an extraordinary and unprecedented situation. Airlines need working capital to sustain their businesses through the extreme volatility. Canada, Colombia, and the Netherlands are giving a major boost to the sector’s stability by enabling airlines to offer vouchers in place of cash refunds. This is a vital time buffer so that the sector can continue to function. In turn, that will help preserve the sector’s ability to deliver the cargo shipments that are vital today and the long-term connectivity that travelers and economies will depend on in the recovery phase,” said de Juniac. 81

Committed - Valued - Trusted “OUR CLIENTS’ GOALS ARE OUR GOALS.” Polaris Solutions is an IBM-certified Silver Level Business Partner specializing in Maximo implementation services. Our experienced consultants average over 10 years in industry and can meet your needs ranging from business process definition to technical configuration and development through end user training.

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www.polaris-solutions.net 82

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Airbus Gives 3D-Printed Hospital Visors to Health Workers We were hoping for a ventilator, but still thankful for a face shield mask for our medical frontliners

he majority of Airbus sites in Spain have joined forces to produce frames of 3D printed hospital visors, providing healthcare personnel with individual protection equipment in the fight against Covid-19. More than twenty 3D printers are working day and night to produce hospital visors for health care workers. Hundreds of visors have already been produced and dispatched to hospitals close to the Airbus facilities in Spain. Airbus leverages a patented design to manufacture the hospital visors, using PLA plastics. “One of the reasons I love my job is the capability we have for advanced design and quick manufacture. Overnight, we have gone from

making aerospace concepts to medical equipment. This genuinely makes a difference in the fight against the pandemic and I couldn’t be prouder of our teams working day and night on this Airbus project,” said Alvaro Jara, Head of Airbus Protospace, in Getafe, Madrid. Despite the pause of the majority of production at Airbus’ sites in Spain following the Royal Decree of 29 March, Airbus employees are allowed on site to continue with this essential activity. In addition, Airbus in Germany also joined the project. The Airbus Protospace Germany and the Airbus Composite Technology Centre (CTC) in Stade, together with the 3D-printing network named “Mobility goes Additive,” are now supporting this project in Spain, also coordinating the collection and transport of visors to the Madrid region.

DEVELOPED FOR DEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS The TFIE-1 IP industrial intercom station is a rugged device, designed for harsh environments and meets industrial and offshore requirements.

IP TECHNOLOGY The intercom station is fully digital and offers crystal clear audio with high output through a 10 W internal amplifier and 78 mm speaker, offering up to 100dB SPL. TMonitoring and selfdiagnostics of critical functionality. FLOWIRE TECHNOLOGY Flowire connectivity for simplified cabling and extended range. MATERIAL Robust hardware design makes this product fit for rough environments.TFIX intercoms are made in Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer. ENVIRONMENTAL Operating temperature: -40째C to +70째C Storage temperature: -40째C to +70째C Operating humidity: 10% to 95% RH (non-condensing) Storage humidity: 10% to 95% RH (non-condensing) Air pressure: 600 hPa to 1200 hPa IP-rating IP-66, IEC/EN 60529

ACCESSORIES Accessories include: Handheld PTT mic, Headset with PTT and Handset with PTT.

Developed for the Industrial, Oil & Gas and Maritime segment.

www.zenitel.com

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Flexible Manufacturing: Adapting Quickly to Changing Markets and Events By Paolo Butti, EMEA Director, Industry and OEM, Rockwell Automation Flexibility is a goal for many manufacturers, and with good reason. Across industry segments, the organisations that have been able to demonstrate flexible operating models are claiming industry-leading positions as a result. Think of Amazon and Alibaba’s commitment to innovating customer experience, or how automotive manufacturers are adapting to regulation for lowering carbon emissions. Flexible trumps rigid in the face of new circumstances and market conditions. But what does it mean to be a flexible manufacturer? Flexibility is about speed to adapt. It’s about creating a seamless flow from need to delivery, decision to implementation and challenge to solution. True flexibility empowers manufacturers to stay in tune with their market, replacing rigid and static operating models with levels of control and responsiveness never previously possible. Flexibility is about much more than simply technology. Yes, technology is at the heart of transformation and is continually driving and enabling new ways of innovating. Technology alone, however, cannot bring change at speed without the support of a flexible organisational framework. For this reason, you must look beyond the nuts and bolts in order to identify the areas that will enable flexible operations in your organisation.

• Gaining Focus The starting point for increased flexibility is to identify where potential barriers and bottlenecks may exist. This requires you to undertake a comprehensive review of every area that contributes to how you meet your market’s needs. Such oversight allows not only for frictions to be resolved, but for resources to be better allocated for ongoing organisational improvement. In working with our customers, we normally start with the following areas:

• Technology At a technical level, greater flexibility can be found through embracing intelligent systems. For many decades, manufacturing was premised on static, disconnected production lines controlled by often-unwieldy operational technology (OT) systems. Now, in an era of digitisation, manufacturers can blend OT systems with IT in order to open up opportunities for data collection and analysis, down to ever-more granular levels of detail. This analysis can then be used adapt and refine operations in a self-enhancing feedback loop as the systems are utilised.

• Skills One of the most fatal mistakes a manufacturer can make is to focus so narrowly on technology that they are oblivious to the human element. Skilled operators, engineers and analysts are just some of the personnel needed for flexible production. Advanced capabilities are of limited use if your personnel are unable to capitalise on those capabilities. Specialisation and a commitment to upskilling therefore support a flexible approach by ensuring technological change can move in lockstep with resource capabilities.

• Executive Support Flexibility is also about decision-making structures. The decision to produce a new product in light of fresh customer demands, or to switch off a previouslyprofitable product line in response to evident market shifts, needs to be made swiftly and collaboratively. Having executive sponsors on board, preferably with a broad representation of the business’ units and underpinned by clear governance frameworks, can greatly increase the odds of an innovation project’s success.

• Consumption Models One of the most notable business trends of the past decade has been the shift to subscription-based consumption models. We’ve seen this in the apps and online services we use, and now we’re seeing the same approach applied to previously capital-intensive areas. Owning physical machinery is a huge undertaking, and serves to lock the manufacturer into the asset across its lifecycle. For greater flexibility, manufacturers are finding a Machine-as-a-Service approach can help drive OpEx efficiencies, with an increased ability to upgrade or change as new capabilities come on to the market.

DELIVERING SUPPLY CHAINS THAT WORK

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S T O R I E S • Market Understanding The final area relates to customer understanding. Conventionally, in many organisations, marketing has been seen as a siloed function, responsible for increasing sales without any direct input into the product. That approach is no longer practical. Now, to be a step ahead of the market, sales and marketing must be tied directly into manufacturing. By understanding who the customer is, what they want (right now) and how they want it delivered, production can be continually adapted to deliver on those wants. This applies not only to product features and quality, but extends to issues around ethical and sustainable practices, which are increasingly significant customer concerns.

•Going Live, Scaling Fast Addressing inflexibility in each of these key areas can help create a solid foundation upon which to build and operate. We help our customers assess each of these areas in their own business and propose solutions for improvement. Using a broad network of partners, we then help design and initiate a proof of concept, which allows our customers to stress test the idea in a live environment. This normally involves upfront investment and resource allocation to maintain the new operations for several months and track performance. Once the effectiveness of the concept has been evidenced, and complementary processes have been established around the lines, we help our customers scale up to full production.

•Flexible by Design In shaping the manufacturing environments of a smarter, more customer-centric era, flexibility is as much as mindset as it is a tangible means for coordinating production. Adapting to changing market conditions, both in terms of short-term shocks and longer-term trends, needs a mentality that doesn’t cling to past investments and ways of working, and that’s willing to embrace the new in order to reap the rewards. That means moving faster – not only as a single production line but as an entire organisation – and that speed can only come from flexible foundations.

About Rockwell Automation

Rockwell Automation Inc. (NYSE: ROK), is a global leader in industrial automation and digital transformation. We connect the imaginations of people with the potential of technology to expand what is humanly possible, making the world more productive and more sustainable. Headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Rockwell Automation employs approximately 23,000 problem solvers dedicated to our customers in more than 100 countries. To learn more about how we are bringing The Connected Enterprise to life across industrial enterprises, visit www.rockwellautomation.com.

Event Info Power Purchase Agreement

7 – 10 June 2020, Dubai 19 – 22 October 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/ppa

Overview There are many moving pieces affecting the future of electric power development in emerging market. Unlike the past Independent Power Project models, which featured standardised take-or-pay contracts – today’s market demands more innovative incentives to ensure better availability, better performance, as well as more attractive and sustainable mixtures of fuel sources. Economies throughout developing countries urgently need to master the key tools, models, and lessons learned for transforming and strengthening today’s electricity sector. These include the latest models in negotiating Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), in designing and managing new competitive power markets, as well as attracting the right mix of renewable energy sources. This 4-day comprehensive workshop gives you clear explanations of the new models of PPA risk allocation, of designing and managing competitive power markets, attracting private investments in renewable energy, through a series of real case examples of contracts and markets. Case Studies will include real examples from Africa, Middle East, Asia, Europe and North America. Furthermore, cases stimulate independent thinking and discussion among participants. Benefits of Attending • LEARN about all the essentials of different PPAs • NEGOTIATE fair and sustainable PPAs • STRUCTURE successful PPAs based upon your own company’s risk profile and risk allocation needs • EXPOSE to the frontiers of international experience in IPP development • LEARN theory and practice of pricing and tariff design • ANALYSE the relationship between Public, Private, and Government sector • PERFORM a policy and risk analysis of PPA contracts • EXPLORE a PPA relationship with EPC, O&M, Fuel Supply, and Interconnect Agreement • GAIN the tools and models in directing your country’s electricity transformation and market design plans • IMPROVE your awareness of the common pitfalls and mistakes to avoid in today’s private power investments

• LEAD successful power project finance transactions • IDENTIFY how financial derivatives can be used as an effective hedge of financial and electricity market based risks

Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/ppa

4 day course

“Excellent! There are many interesting topics which cover almost all relevant issues in electricity market, such as market reform and PPA negotiation. And the speaker is simply great.” Head of PPA Section, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand

Power Purchase Agreement Structuring successful Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), managing competitive electricity markets & attracting merchant power investments

Book 3 persons and save

$400

7 – 10 June 2020, Dubai 19 – 22 October 2020, Singapore

per person

Benefits of Attending

Who Should Attend

■ LEARN about all the essentials of different PPAs ■ NEGOTIATE fair and sustainable PPAs ■ STRUCTURE successful PPAs based upon your own company’s risk profile and risk allocation needs ■ EXPOSE to the frontiers of international experience in IPP development ■ LEARN theory and practice of pricing and tariff design ■ ANALYSE the relationship between Public, Private, and Government sector ■ PERFORM a policy and risk analysis of PPA contracts ■ EXPLORE a PPA relationship with EPC, O&M, Fuel Supply, and Interconnect Agreement ■ GAIN the tools and models in directing your country’s electricity transformation and market design plans ■ IMPROVE your awareness of the common pitfalls and mistakes to avoid in today’s private power investments ■ LEAD successful power project finance transactions ■ IDENTIFY how financial derivatives can be used as an effective hedge of financial and electricity market based risks

■ Contract / Agreement Negotiators ■ Legal / Regulation / Compliance / Policy Analysts ■ Business Development Managers ■ Commercial Managers ■ Finance Controllers / Treasurers ■ Corporate Planners ■ Business & Accounting Analysts ■ Sales & Trading Managers ■ Structured / Project Finance Analysts ■ Economists / Investors ■ Chairman / CEO / Directors From sectors: ■ Electric Regulators & Ministries ■ Power & Utility Companies ■ IPP Developers ■ Banks / Investors ■ Energy Fuel Suppliers (Oil, Gas, Coal and Renewables) ■ Law Firms & Consultancy

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/ppa

Event Info Renewable Power & Energy Mix

15 – 17 June 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/energymix

Overview

In increasing parts of the world, renewable power sources – particularly solar and wind – are now the cheapest way to generate electricity. This, combined with being crucial mechanisms by which to lower the carbon emissions of energy systems, means they are also the fastest-growing supply of new power generating capacity. It is vital that anyone involved in electricity systems, from new power project developers to incumbent utilities, investors and policymakers, has a thorough understanding of how renewables are impacting the energy mix and the wider power business. In particular, the transition away from conventional thermal generators towards renewable ones has profound implications for how power systems are designed, operated and policed – on a variety of timescales from sub-second management to long-term capacity planning. These in turn create both new market opportunities and significant businesses risks within the sector, not just for those involved in system-wide aspects such as the grid or policy, but for those involved in individual project development too. In three intensive and informative days, this course explains and illustrates the key impacts of renewable power integration into modern energy systems, based on global lessons and examples. Most importantly it provides attendees with a market assessment framework and recommended approach to identifying and quantifying how these integration challenges change the specific new opportunities and risks facing their own businesses. Benefits of Attending • Learn from global experiences in renewable power project development and integration • Understand how technical challenges translate into financial and business opportunities • Illustrate key system impacts such as investment requirements, energy costs and capacity margins using simple • Quantitative models • Analyse and discuss evolving value chain roles, partnerships and competitors • Assess the market potential for solutions such as energy storage, virtual power plants and smart grids • Gain an insight into the influences of market liberalisation and policy shifts Who Should Attend • Renewable power project developers • Power plant owners and operators (utilities and IPPs) • Transmission/Distribution system operators • Policymakers and policy advisors

• Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity • Vendors & EPC contractors • Large energy users •Commercial energy-sector services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/energymix

BRAND NEW COURSE “I enjoyed the course with lots of demonstrations and case studies. The facilitator was just marvellous, up to the game. It was a value for money workshop.” Director of Finance, Electricity Generation Company Malawi

Renewable Power & Energy Mix Essential approaches to market assessment, power project opportunity & business risk analysis

15 – 17 June 2020, Singapore

Benefits of Attending ■ Learn from global experiences in renewable power project development and integration ■ Understand how technical challenges translate into financial and business opportunities ■ Illustrate key system impacts such as investment requirements, energy costs and capacity margins using simple quantitative models ■ Analyse and discuss evolving value chain roles, partnerships and competitors ■ Assess the market potential for solutions such as energy storage, virtual power plants and smart grids ■ Gain an insight into the influences of market liberalisation and policy shifts

Who Should Attend ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Renewable power project developers Power plant owners and operators (utilities and IPPs) Transmission/Distribution system operators Policymakers and policy advisors Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity Vendors & EPC contractors Large energy users Commercial energy-sector services suppliers (law, insurance etc.)

Book 3 persons or more and save

$300 each

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/energymix

Event Info Mastering Wind Power

8 - 10 July 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/wind

Overview

A comprehensive, up-to-date and business-focused roadmap to success in delivering wind power growth, today and tomorrow. Attendees will leave with an excellent understanding of all the key factors facing wind power developers and investors, from resource assessment and energy production complexities, through project development and planning challenges, to financial returns and risks. The course schedule is designed to be highly participative, including time to work in groups to apply and illustrate the learning points throughout the course. To do so, attendees will utilise online tools, wind resource datasets, energy yield, financial and other simple calculations, along with structured discussions on key planning and market environment considerations. In keeping with the business-focused theme of the course, these illustrative exercises are designed to provide time-efficient clarification of the key course takeaways, aimed at commercially-focused business developers and investors. They are therefore deliberately made accessible to non-experts, not designed to replicate the complex or in-depth detailed planning undertaken – over much longer periods! – by experienced engineers and technical teams. Course Highlights • Learn from global experiences in wind power project development • Understand unique properties of wind resource, and how these feed into financial risk analysis • Gain a business-focused, up-to-date perspective on current and emerging wind technology innovations and project delivery best practices • Analyse and discuss practical and project delivery risks facing wind power projects, including key stakeholder engagements • Get hands-on with a financial model to better understand financial risks and returns for wind power projects • Compare and contrast the unique extra costs and complexities of offshore wind projects with those onshore Who Should Attend • Renewable power project developers • Power plant owners and operators (utilities and IPPs) • Transmission/Distribution system operators • Policymakers and policy advisors

• Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity • Vendors & EPC contractors • Large energy users • Commercial energy-sector services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/wind

Mastering Wind Power 8 – 10 July 2020, Singapore

Benefits of Attending ■ Learn from global experiences in wind power project development ■ Understand unique properties of wind resource, and how these feed into financial risk analysis ■ Gain a business-focused, up-to-date perspective on current and emerging wind technology innovations and project delivery best practices ■ Analyse and discuss practical and project delivery risks facing wind power projects, including key stakeholder engagements ■ Get hands-on with a financial model to better understand financial risks and returns for wind power projects ■ Compare and contrast the unique extra costs and complexities of offshore wind projects with those onshore

Who Should Attend ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Book 3 persons or more and save

$300 each

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/wind

Event Info

Mastering Solar Power

13 - 16 July 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/solar

Overview A comprehensive, up-to-date and business-focused roadmap to success in delivering solar power growth, today and tomorrow. Attendees will leave with a good understanding of the key factors from an integrated, multidisciplinary and commercial viewpoint, including: target market analysis, economic competitiveness, channels-to-market, financing influences and risk, project development processes, best practices and emerging technologies. The course schedule includes time to work in groups to apply the learning and illustrate key project development considerations, by discussing, developing and quantifying an initial business proposal for a solar PV power plant. To do so, attendees will utilise energy yield, financial and other simple calculations, along with the chance to debate key planning and market environment considerations. In keeping with the business-focused theme of the course, these illustrative exercises are designed to provide time-efficient clarification of the key course takeaways, aimed at commercially-focused business developers and investors. They are therefore accessible to nonexperts, not designed to replicate the complex or in-depth detailed planning undertaken - over much longer periods! by engineers and technical teams.

“I enjoyed the course with lots of demonstrations and case studies. The facilitator was just marvellous, up to the game. It was a value for money workshop.” Shadric Namalomba, Director of Finance, Electricity Generation Company Malawi

Mastering Solar Power Course Highlights

• Speak the language of solar energy: terminology and concepts explained with clarity and relevance • Understand the key variables determining the economics of solar PV projects • Review current and emerging market opportunities for solar PV, including integrations such as energy storage • Navigate the typical project development requirements, processes and risks • Learn and discuss how financial returns and risks arise in PV projects • Be better able to converse with project partners, suppliers, investors, policymakers and other stakeholders • Know what to look for when evaluating PV project opportunities • Identify key investment and project performance risks • Learn how to analyse and critique current and emerging business models

13 – 16 July 2020, Singapore

Who Should Attend Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

This course is ideal if:

Speak the language of solar energy: terminology and concepts explained with clarity and relevance • You are working withinthethe power of sector in projects a commercial or business Understand the key variables determining economics solar PV role.opportunities You need a for clearly explained, multi-faceted Review current development and emerging market solar PV, including integrations suchunderstanding as energy storageof Navigate the typical project development requirements, processes and risks how PV projects are developed and why and how they succeed (or fail), including Learn and discuss how financialand returns and risks arise in PV projects how market technology changes are driving new innovation opportunities Be better able to converse with project partners, suppliers, investors, policymakers and other stakeholders along with new competitive risks. Know what to look for when evaluating PV project opportunities • You are theperformance investment, Identify key investment andfrom project riskspolicy or professional services community. You the inevitable solar energy, and want to gain an Learn how to need analyseto andembrace critique current and emerginggrowth businessof models

independent perspective on the economic environment in which these projects Who Shouldoperate, Attend including the development, operational and business risks that most matter to them.

This course is ideal if: ■ You are working within the power sector in a commercial or business development role. You need a clearly-explained, notPVlimited to: multi-facetedIncluding understandingbut of how projects are developed and why and how they succeed (or fail), including how market and technology changes are driving new innovation opportunities along with new competitive risks ■ You are from the investment,including policy or professional services You need to embrace inevitable growth • Investors, commercial and community. development banks, venturethe capital of solar energy,and and want to gain an independent perspective on the economic environment in which these projects operate, private equity including the development, operational and business risks that most matter to them.

• Power generation companies, utilities and IPPs Policyto:makers and policy advisors including but not•limited • Transmission/Distribution system ■ Investors, including commercial and development banks, operators venture capital and private equity ■ Power generation companies, utilities andsuppliers IPPs • Commercial services (law, insurance etc.) ■ Policy makers •and policy advisors Equipment vendors & EPC contractors ■ Transmission/Distribution system operators • Large energy users and electricity buyers ■ Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) ■ Equipment vendors & EPC contractors ■ Large energy users and electricity buyers

Book 3 persons or more and save

$400 each

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/solar

Event Info

Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement.

To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/solar

Mastering Solar Power 13 – 16 July 2020, Singapore

Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Speak the language of solar energy: terminology and concepts explained with clarity and relevance Understand the key variables determining the economics of solar PV projects Review current and emerging market opportunities for solar PV, including integrations such as energy storage Navigate the typical project development requirements, processes and risks Learn and discuss how financial returns and risks arise in PV projects Be better able to converse with project partners, suppliers, investors, policymakers and other stakeholders Know what to look for when evaluating PV project opportunities Identify key investment and project performance risks Learn how to analyse and critique current and emerging business models

Who Should Attend This course is ideal if: ■ You are working within the power sector in a commercial or business development role. You need a clearly-explained, multi-faceted understanding of how PV projects are developed and why and how they succeed (or fail), including how market and technology changes are driving new innovation opportunities along with new competitive risks ■ You are from the investment, policy or professional services community. You need to embrace the inevitable growth of solar energy, and want to gain an independent perspective on the economic environment in which these projects operate, including the development, operational and business risks that most matter to them. including but not limited to: ■ Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity ■ Power generation companies, utilities and IPPs ■ Policy makers and policy advisors ■ Transmission/Distribution system operators ■ Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) ■ Equipment vendors & EPC contractors ■ Large energy users and electricity buyers

Book 3 persons or more and save

$400 each

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/solar

Event Info Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contracts for Energy Industry 24 – 26 August 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/epcenergy

Overview Today, Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) projects are uniquely challenging. Parties currently involved in large complex and fast-track EPC projects frequently suffer financial loss that could have been mitigated by effective contract management. Appropriate practical “know-how” of EPC contracts will improve your ability to take appropriate steps, or to obtain necessary advice, to minimise or manage such risks. This intensive workshop provides valuable insight into the rapidly evolving world of EPC contracts. It has been designed specifically for the professionals and management of energy industries and will be of particular interest to those with current or planned projects in Asia, Africa, Middle East, Europe and the CIS. You will analyse an EPC contract, clause by clause, focusing on your challenges in international and domestic projects. This unique interactive master class discusses the key issues in EPC contracts which are relevant for lenders, sponsors and borrowers in international construction projects and the keys to deliver successful projects.

Course Highlights • Global and local legal and commercial framework in Asia, Middle East, Africa, Europe and the CIS • Contract negotiation best practices • Tips on contractual risk mitigation • Contract financing and project structuring • Contractor relationship management • Clause-by-clause discussion based on an actual contract precedent Key Learning Objectives • UNDERSTAND the current finance market for EPC contracts • MANAGE legal risks and environment for EPC contracts in the region • DISCOVER alternative procurement options for projects and the risks and opportunities associated with these options • DISTINGUISH new and effective contract negotiation strategies • ANALYSE the types of claims that may be made under EPC contracts and develop strategies to manage these claims

• GAIN INSIGHTS into the best current dispute resolution options and the risks and costs associated with each option

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/epcenergy

Free Takeaway 3 detailed articles on EPC contract precedents containing discussions on: EPCM & Alliancing Contracts EPC contracts in the global market FIDIC contract and the challenges faced by construction contractors

Group Discount book 3 person to save $300 per person

Managing and Negotiating

Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contracts for Energy Industry Mastering the legal and commercial framework, contract negotiation, financing, risk and contractor relationship complexities of upstream and downstream EPC projects

24 – 26 August 2020, Singapore

Global and local legal and commercial framework in Asia, Middle East, Africa, Europe and the CIS Contract negotiation best practices Tips on contractual risk mitigation Contract financing and project structuring Contractor relationship management Clause-by-clause discussion based on an actual contract precedent

“A must�attend for professionals wishing to improve in EPC contracts management.” - Century Power Generation “Interesting, extremely helpful and relevant. A very clear presentation style which kept the material interesting and the audience engaged.” - National Oil Company of Namibia

UNDERSTAND the current finance market for EPC contracts MANAGE legal risks and environment for EPC contracts in the region DISCOVER alternative procurement options for projects and the risks and opportunities associated with these options DISTINGUISH new and effective contract negotiation strategies ANALYSE the types of claims that may be made under EPC contracts and develop strategies to manage these claims GAIN INSIGHTS into the best current dispute resolution options and the risks and costs associated with each option

OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

“The seminars were highly informative and the trainer is clearly very experienced in the EPC and major projects worldwide. It was very relevant for us in our business.” - Qatar Petroleum

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Key Learning Objectives

Supported by:

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“A very thorough presentation with excellent real life examples and war stories from the trainer.” - Exxonmobil

Course Highlights

“The trainer spoke knowledgeably about matters that concern lenders, sponsors and borrowers bringing different perspectives to the discussion.” - KBC Bank NV “Interesting explanation of every clause of the contract (i.e. the thorough assessment of an EPC contract).” - KFW Bankengruppe

www.infocusinternational.com/epcenergy

Event Info Power Project Finance

7 – 11 September 2020, Johannesburg www.infocusinternational.com/powerprojectfinance

Overview Project finance is widely used for large infrastructure projects including thermal and renewable power projects. The technique enables project risks to be allocated to the parties best able to manage them and facilitates the raising of long term debt without recourse to the project developer. The correct allocation of risk through an appropriate commercial structure is the foundation of a sound financing plan and this course will develop these themes by walking through the commercial contracts and finance documentation and provide an understanding of how to determine the optimal amount of debt using cash flow and ratio analysis. Current circumstances in the African power project sector will be discussed. Investment committees need to be sure that all risk aspects have been studied and the course will detail the key elements of the due diligence exercise. The course will also provide a guide on how to approach the debt market. Benefits of Attending The course is intended to provide a firm understanding of the principles which create a bankable power project finance structure in terms of risk allocation and the commercial and financial structure. On completion of this course you will understand: • How a power project is structured and financed • How to identify power project risks and mitigation strategies • The role of the financial model and cash flow and ratio analysis • Debt sizing techniques • Project finance term sheets and loan documentation • Contract documentation • The due diligence process • How to efficiently identify viable project prospects • How to approach the debt market

• Project analysis & development • Commercial & legal • Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) • Policy makers and policy advisors dealing with energy sector financial issues Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement.

Who Should Attend • Power project developer, investor or financier • Finance & accounting • Project finance & structured finance • Power project management

To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/powerprojectfinance

Boo k3 pe sav e $ rsons “Excellent training with a world class and highly experienced specialist.”

500

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and

Senior Power Expert, Regulatory Commission for Electricity Sector, Senegal

Power Project Finance 7 – 11 September 2020, Johannesburg

Benefits of Attending The course is intended to provide a firm understanding of the principles which create a bankable power project finance structure in terms of risk allocation and the commercial and financial structure. On completion of this course you will understand: ■ How a power project is structured and financed ■ How to identify power project risks and mitigation strategies ■ The role of the financial model and cash flow and ratio analysis ■ Debt sizing techniques ■ Project finance term sheets and loan documentation ■ Contract documentation ■ The due diligence process ■ How to efficiently identify viable project prospects ■ How to approach the debt market

Who Should Attend Including but not limited to people working in: ■ Power project developer, investor or financier ■ Finance & accounting ■ Project finance & structured finance ■ Power project management ■ Project analysis & development ■ Commercial & legal ■ Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) ■ Policy makers and policy advisors dealing with energy sector financial issues

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/powerprojectfinance

Event Info Electricity Economics in Changing Electricity Markets 16 – 18 November 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

Overview

Are you ready for the new challenges & opportunities as power markets around the world evolve? This is an essential core knowledge course for those involved in the business or regulation of the power industry. It leads you through a clear, accessible and thorough examination of the economics of power generation, from power plant cost influences to end-customer prices. It contextualises this analysis with key consideration of industry drivers and trends, including increasingly liberalised and competitive markets, evolving policy support and management frameworks, the growth and integration of renewable power sources, and the restructuring of power systems towards more decentralised operations. A highly interactive presentation style allows for plenty of Q&A and time to discuss the issues from multiple stakeholder perspectives; including power plant owners, investors, policymakers and energy customers. This course is an essential primer for those seeking to navigate successful business routes through transitioning electricity systems. Benefits of Attending • Clear, independent and businessfocused introduction • Language designed for non-experts; particularly senior executives, policymakers & investment decision-makers • Core knowledge building, including up-to-the-minute examples from markets around the world • Interactive discussion of key market and economic variables • Quantification of key issues using simple numerical calculations, real data and Excel-based tools We will examine these key questions: • Which variables drive the economics of electricity generation? • How do generation costs combine with other factors to produce end-use electricity prices? • How are current technology & system trends impacting electricity costs and prices? • What are policymakers doing to keep costs down? • Who are the key stakeholders and influencers on electricity economics? • What are the value-chain impacts of market Liberalisation and Competition? • How are solar and wind power (and other low-carbon options) changing market environments? • and many more!

Who Should Attend: • Power generators, utilities and IPPs • Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity • Policymakers and policy advisors • Transmission / Distribution system operators (grid) • Power system vendors & EPC contractors • Large electricity users • Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.) Teaching Methodology The agenda will combine presented materials with plenty of opportunity for Q&A, interactive discussions, and the use of quantitative models to illustrate key learning points. Current market examples and data are utilised wherever helpful. Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Abigail Harris

Infocus International Tel: +65 6325 0215 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

BACK BY POPULAR DEMAND “I enjoyed the course with lots of demonstrations and case studies. The facilitator was just marvellous, up to the game. It was a value for money workshop.” Shadric Namalomba, Director of Finance, Electricity Generation Company Malawi

Electricity Economics

in Changing Electricity Markets The new economics of power markets in a low-carbon world

16 – 18 November 2020, Singapore Book 3 persons and save

$300 each

Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Clear, independent and business-focused introduction Language designed for non-experts; particularly senior executives, policymakers & investment decision-makers Core knowledge building, including up-to-the-minute examples from markets around the world Interactive discussion of key market and economic variables Quantification of key issues using simple numerical calculations, real data and Excel-based tools

We will examine these key questions: ■ Which variables drive the economics of electricity generation? ■ How do generation costs combine with other factors to produce end-use electricity prices? ■ How are current technology & system trends impacting electricity costs and prices? ■ What are policymakers doing to keep costs down? ■ Who are the key stakeholders and influencers on electricity economics? ■ What are the value-chain impacts of market liberalisation and competition? ■ How are solar and wind power (and other low-carbon options) changing market environments? ■ and many more!

Who Should Attend ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Power generators, utilities and IPPs Investors, including commercial and development banks, venture capital and private equity Policymakers and policy advisors Transmission / Distribution system operators (grid) Power system vendors & EPC contractors Large electricity users Commercial services suppliers (law, insurance etc.)

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/electricityeconomics

Event Info Gas & LNG Markets, Contracts & Pricing 16 – 20 March 2020, Singapore 28 Sep – 2 Oct 2020, Port of Spain 23 – 27 Nov 2020, Singapore www.infocusinternational.com/gaslng

Overview Due to the complex geopolitical nature of gas/ LNG sourcing and long term nature of gas transactions between buyers and sellers, it is commercially prudent for those involved in thisprocess to know the global gas & LNG supply & markets condition, available methodologies for price determination, contract structure and negotiation techniques. Any misjudgement in any of these areas could result in wrong sourcing decisions, significant adverse financial consequences and legal liabilities. This course has, therefore, been designed to enable the professionals in the gas sector and gas advisory services to make right sourcing decision, construct gas/LNG contracts and negotiate from a position of strength and knowledge in order to gain a competitive edge in the process. Course Highlights • Global gas/LNG market and market structure in Asia Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Europe and USA regions • Current gas/LNG outlook and trends • Contract terminology and construction operational, commercial and legal basis of gas, LNG and Gas Transportation Contracts • Principles of gas/LNG Sales and Purchase Agreement (GSPA/SPA), Gas Transportation Agreement (GTA) and Regasification Agreements • Gas/LNG pricing principles, current practice and price indexation in competitive gas markets • Contracting and negotiation - proven techniques Benefits of Attending • Background knowledge to framework to facilitate gas/LNG commercial decisions • Understanding current trends of the gas organisation structure • Knowledge of the underlying rationale for gas contract terms and conditions • Learn to construct gas, LNG and gas transportation contracts and negotiate them • Understanding of techniques of gas/LNG price setting in competitive markets • Awareness of operation of trading hubs, spot and arbitrage • Holistic understanding of what is required to put a new supply chain in place Who Should Attend Energy professionals including but not limited to:

• Purchasing/Supply Chain • Legal/Contracts Negotiation • Commercial • Finance/Pricing • Marketing • Trading • Sales/Business Development • Project Finance • Corporate Planning From Sectors: • Natural gas E&P • Gas/LNG trade, shipping, transmission, distribution • Government agencies • Gas based power generation • Gas/LNG related project finance, asset management, hedge funds, equity/fixed income • Gas pipeline and high pressure transportation Course Certificate Upon the successful completion of this course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion bearing the signatures from both the Course Director and the Course Organiser. This Certificate will testify your endeavour and serve towards your professional advancement. To Register/Enquire on this course, please contact:

Weslyn Lee

Infocus International Group Tel: +65 6325 0274 Email: abigail@infocusinternational.com Website: www.infocusinternational.com/gaslng

5 day course “The best gas / LNG course I have ever attended. I will gladly recommend it to anyone.” by past participant, Chevron

GAS & LNG

MARKETS, CONTRACTS & PRICING A comprehensive all-in-one course addressing all key elements for successful gas & LNG business strategies

16 – 20 Mar 2020 Singapore 28 Sep – 2 Oct 2020 Port of Spain 23 – 27 Nov 2020 Singapore

Course Highlights ■ Global gas/LNG market and market structure in Asia Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Europe and USA regions ■ Current gas/LNG outlook and trends ■ Contract terminology and construction - operational, commercial and legal basis of gas, LNG and Gas Transportation Contracts ■ Principles of gas/LNG Sales and Purchase Agreement (GSPA/SPA), Gas Transportation Agreement (GTA) and Regasification Agreements ■ Gas/LNG pricing principles, current practice and price indexation in competitive gas markets ■ Contracting and negotiation - proven techniques

Benefits of Attending ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Background knowledge to framework to facilitate gas/LNG commercial decisions Understanding current trends of the gas organisation structure Knowledge of the underlying rationale for gas contract terms and conditions Learn to construct gas, LNG and gas transportation contracts and negotiate them Understanding of techniques of gas/LNG price setting in competitive markets Awareness of operation of trading hubs, spot and arbitrage Holistic understanding of what is required to put a new supply chain in place

Book 3 persons and save

$600 each

Supported by: OFFSHORE MAGAZINE

ENERGY INSIGHT

E: abigail@infocusinternational.com

www.infocusinternational.com/gaslng

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