Common Ground Laboratory Prishtina by Giulia Menapace

School of Architecture and Society - Master degree in Architecture Politecnico di Milano A.Y. 2013-2014 - 1st semester Town Planning Design Workshop 1st edition: 12th February 2014 Printed: Artigrafiche Mariani & Monti srl, Ponteranica BG Graphic: Silvia Galli, Agnese Grigis, Mengyao Han, Yulong Hua, Xiao Yue Li, Giulia Menapace, Chiara Oggioni, Marta Petteni Cover: Common Ground Prishtina masterplan, scale 1:4000 2

Dedicated to This publication is dedicated to the proponents of the internationalization program of Politecnico di Milano, because student mobility programs allow a more fertile design and professional training. This publication is also dedicated to the new ruling class of Kosovo and in particular to Gyler Mydyti, hoping they can continue to rise to the challenge of enhancing, promoting and designing a common ground for a multicultural country.

Index

What is Common Ground?

Prishtinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s short itineraries Filippo Romano

Common Ground Prishtina Isabella Inti, Caterina Padoa Schioppa, Paola Pellegrini

Internationalization and Public Policies Isabella Inti

Common Ground in my country

Case studies world map

Typologies of public and open spaces

Field trip

Reaching Prishtina

Passport control

Prishtina: 100 years of Common Ground

Historical timeline

Prishtina investigation

Research Tools

Mapping

Natural system Public transport Culture Functional enclaves Sport Hospitality

62 63 64 65 66 67

Scattered abandoned spaces

Open questions

Voices from Prishtina

Ottoman city Mother Teresa Boulevard Dardania Sport Centre Campus Abandoned Spaces

73 73 74 74 75 75

CGL Prishtina: masterplan

Chronoprogram 2014-2022 Project interventions

Chronoprogram 2016-2022 City map evolution

In-between Ottoman Spaces

101

Hubs and Transit

117

Sporting Loop

133

Campus Reflecting Prishtina

153

Trans-forming Dardania

169

Re//Prishtina

185

References

204

Our thanks

209

WHAT IS COMMON GROUND?

Prishtinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s short itineraries

photos by Filippo Romano November 2013 9

Common Ground Prishtina

Isabella Inti, Caterina Padoa Schioppa, Paola Pellegrini What is the role of urban design in the construction of multicultural public spaces? What characteristics should have the contemporary city public space to build a common ground, to permit or assist the co-existence of different individuals and populations? How can the design of public spaces represent and help preserve the historical, artistic and landscape legacy? To think about these issues the Town Planning Design Workshop a.y. 2013-14 takes as a case study the city of Prishtina in Kosovo and its public and open spaces. The course led by proff. Isabella Inti, Caterina Padoa Schioppa and Paola Pellegrini, with the assistance of Gyler Mydyti, Debora Magri, Nicla Dattomo, had the exceptional participation of the photographer Filippo Romano. The studio focuses on the territory of Prishtina, the largest Kosovo city, until a short time ago under the UN Administration (UNMIK-United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo). A medium-sized city of 854 km2 and about 200.000 inhabitants with Albanian majority, run over by a process of accelerated urbanization (Turbo Urbanism). 1999 post conflict situation involved a shift in the balance of power; Kosovo-Albanians back home and consequently a huge demand for living spaces. The economical precarious situation, the insufficient existing legal frame work and the weak (and corrupted) Governmental Institutions led the Kosovo-Albanians to begin many building projects with the remittances of the immigrants. Informal building activities have reconfigured almost 75 percent of the city and its outskirts. According to the city planning administration, in 2005 every day 10 new buildings have been put up. 1999 Post-conflict situation defined also a Balkanization of styles; no reference to the traditional architecture, the erosion and demolition of old centers, no reference to Modern Architecture (representing the modern style of Socialist Yugoslavia), a new mishmash of Victorian-neoclassical-oriental-American-Dubai styles symbolize internationalism or sophistication and led to a new Turbo Architecture. 20

Starting from the post-war reconstruction that was begun in the Balkans after the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;90s, we propose scenarios, strategies of interventions and prototypical open spaces and public spaces projects for the construction of the Prishtina common ground. For example the rediscovery of the hammam, a new covered market, a system of green boulevards, a network of residual spaces activated by cultural events and festivals of music, art and temporary architectures. Is it possible to identify local and elective communities who will take care of the projects? The Workshop questioned students, teachers and experts on which differences and similarities have eastern and western architectural projects, which may be the manifestation of shared spaces and common values, not only individual performances. Is it possible a new common ground? Heritage & multiculturalism Rethinking the design of public spaces and open spaces of the city of Prishtina, allowed us to rediscover the old town, abandoned and congested, with its Muslim mosques and hammam, the Austro-Hungarian Museum, the public schools of the socialist era and the contemporary art galleries within the precincts of the traditional Ottoman houses. In an open space that becomes a square, covered with a patchwork of colorful tents, remains the use of market with buses loaded with cabbages and informal stalls for the sale of spices, meats, vegetables. Despite the cancellation of the old Bazaar during the period of Yugoslav unification, every day hundreds of producers, traders and hawkers colonize public space to perpetuate the ancient ritual of bargaining. Is it now possible to design spaces that enhance the historical legacy and to welcome multicultural practices? Abandoned sites as start-up An unfinished church, a half burned sport center, corroded and underutilized commercial platforms, former industrial buildings, old barracks occupied, ruins of traditional houses, plazas, uncultivated fields. Thanks to the research â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Born Spotâ&#x20AC;?, made at Politecnico di Milano, and site surveys of

Albanian and Kosovar students we have mapped over 150 neglected sites. In recent years, a new vanguard of young artists from Kosovo in network with North-European students and friends proposed and realized in 2008 the festival Prishtina Mon Amour, that has engaged artists from around the world in performances and events in the Sport Center, producing the artwork New Born and provoking in the new generations the desire to reinvent public spaces starting from the abandoned places. The discovery of this potential has been the engine of projects for a group of students, who have proposed solutions to temporarly reuse the spaces as hostels, public showers, hub-house, green energy house. A thematic event every two years will be the device for starting-up project interventions, that will consolidate over time. Sports & leisure culture Prishtina is a hilly landscape between woods and pastures that spans over 38 km around the city from east to west. Combining a path with former quarries, naturalized riverbanks, freshwater ponds, swimming pools, soccer fields, skate park, several belvedere and the sports center of Prishtina, it is possible to imagine a eight shaped figure, or rather the symbol of infinity. This is the proposal to rethink, connect, strengthen, walk and bike through the landscapes and the sport facilities of the capital. Three circuits of varying difficulty and length allow you to know the landscape and play sports. How can sport connote the public space of a city? Can sport foster a relational and apolitical perspective within a society?

dens and bordering farmland next to the town, so that human gaze gets lost looking at the hilly landscape surrounding the city. Is it possible to reorganize and strengthen the public transport? Is it possible to combine the infrastructure project and landscape design? Over the last decades the issue of infrastructure is broadly back to the forefront. Particularly the roads and high speed railway lines are the main objectives of infrastructure policies of many European countries, Italy included. These are essential tools to ensure an adequate economic and social development. However, it is important to overcome the conceptual point of view of the apparent divergence of the fields of infrastructure and landscape and conceive of the infrastructure as a landscape and the landscape as infrastructure. In addition, the fragmented residential fabric and the presence of many degraded buildings ask questions on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. For this reason the Workshop suggests an ecological corridor along the railway that connect playgrounds, sport and leisure spaces to surrounding landscapes; the project also combines energy-saving solutions and renewable energy interventions in the landscape. Finally, the possibility of enhancing the historic route of access and combine it with Mother Teresa Boulevard and the old center of the Ottoman Empire has stimulated the design of a bright corridor powered by renewable energy and a new entrance to the city from boulevard Deshmoret and Kombit. New light for a Balkan Energy city, symbol of rebirth and new lifestyles to make the city.

Landscape, infrastructures & energy production Prishtina is served today by 10 public bus lines and 4 other interchange internal buses. Walking through the narrow streets of the historical center or the main roads like Agim Ramadani or boulevard Bill Clinton cars parked on sidewalks are a nasty daily habit. The railroad was dismissed and the former station has been converted into a club. Beyond it, there are spontaneous vegetable gar21

Internationalization & Public Policies

Isabella Inti

A wave of individual micro-transformations has turned, shaken, eroded the territory of Prishtina in the past 10 years. Lonely constructions, fences, residential, commercial, recreational, military enclaves. New expansions and sudden abandonments, showing the abduction and disappearance of the public space, the land consumption, the corrosion of the agricultural and hilly landscape. A Balkan Anticity (Boeri, 2011) which has dispelled the urban form and the forms of social cohesion. And yet these energies are the manifestation of a demand for change, of a capacity to self-organize and colonize new spaces to answer a growing demand for housing, new forms of work and leisure. Is it possible to orient and govern these local forces? After the apartheid phase of the Albanian population during the Milosevic time, who set up large clusters of social housing. Passed the first reconstruction of the Country in 1999 with the arrival in town of over 60,000 people coming from approximately forty different countries which has seen the presence of UNMIK officers and around 430 foreign non-governmental organizations, with hundreds of temporary residents inhabiting a “parallel city” (Floris, 2002) to that of the natives, an archipelago of self-organized enclosures and a frenetic movement of armoured cars. After the period of unceasing construction of isolated buildings and DIY, a Turbo-Urbanism (Vockler, 2011) which has seen a proliferation of parasite dwellings on the roof of socialist housing slats, the densification of the urban lot with multi-storey housing extrusions, the extension and erosion of the agricultural land with single-family houses, multiplied according to the number of male members of the Albanian family and parallel to that, the abandonment of the old town. Today we ask ourselves a few questions. How can the international community of researchers, teachers, activists contribute to the enhancement and implementation of local cultures? Is it possible to participate in the definition of a new Common Ground? 22

By merely operating in the field of urban planning, we can start from the observation of urban space, its ways of use and the public policies of a new leading class. A few months after the election of the new mayor of Prishtina Shpend Ahmeti, immediately known for the program of reforms and fight against corruption and illegal building and solicited by emails, face book and video messages sent us in these days by many students and professors of the Hasan Prishtina University, to raise awareness of the student protest for the resignation of the Rector, suspected of having bought the university titles, we are shocked. We know that Kosovo needs to face sensitive issues related to its current leadership, which is involved in the investigation of criminal and illegal activities and crimes against humanity. Appalling topics and thankfully away from the everyday life for our “Western Europe” generation who has not known war or reconstruction. But how can we support our colleagues in this process of change? Can we really play a role, even if limited, on the chessboard of geopolitics, to face the urban transformations? The real challenge will be that of the involvement of the residents, with their entrepreneurial capacity and the need to represent themselves, to participate in the construction of public space. Outside of the academic rhetoric on the participation of the inhabitants, it will be important to support the “social capital bridge” (Putnam, 2004). That is to give every community the opportunity to stake their own traditions, practices, and living cultures, with other minority groups and communities. It will mean to invest in the dynamics of cohabitation, in preserving the memory of places, in encouraging, within the administrative guidelines, communities of practice that have explicit needs to take responsibility. Transforming itself into community and enterprise of risk (Boeri, 2011), they will contribute to the design and construction of relational public spaces. The design of public space, landscape and preservation of historical heritage could extend the view

to the entire cultural supply chain (Ciorra,2012), that is to that set of activities related to the sector, in the strict sense, that allow you to assess the multiplicative effects on the economy, in terms of economic activity, employment and added value of the product. This was the way of understanding territorial regeneration in difficult contexts, by brave new mayors and administrators. Like the policies of the mayor of Medellin Sergio Fajardo (2002-07) who fought social unbalances and violence through two joint activities: the enhancement and dissemination of the district police and the construction of new schools and public libraries, entrusted to the best architects from South America, and localized in the poorest and degraded districts of the city. Another example is Edi Rama, Mayor of Tirana (2000-10) who to counter the situation of adrift in a city without the regime of soils, without a master plan, where public spaces were prey to illegal constructions, he reacted by beginning to demolish illegal buildings that they had cancelled parks and streets. And to stimulate the debate and unhinge the resignation of citizens towards the collective space, he flipped the apathy by involving the citizenship in a surprising performance, by coloring the urban facades of houses, towers, urban blocks with bright and flashy colors. Finally, the mayor of Milan, Giuliano Pisapia (2011 -), after decades of center-right government policies with great transformations and international competitions for urban voids and new expansions on behalf of archistars, often unfinished and contrasted, he reverses the trend with the Reuse Decrees and Invitations to tender. The long lasting and temporary reuse of a heritage of abandoned buildings of more than 3 million square meters. Next to the islands of the planned transformation, they multiply projects and experiments of reuse for co-working, student halls, art spaces and neighborhood associations, shared gardens and orchards that recover, recycle and reinvent the ways of making the city. Milan, 10th February 2014 23

COMMON GROUND IN MY COUNTRY

Case studies world map

C.G. L.S. L.Y.H.X. H.X. L.S. L.X. B.S. B.K. B.M. Z.L. A.T.M. A.T.M. S.Y. L.P. H.M. A.I. D.F. W.D. K.Y. S.Q. W.D. V.H. C.S. G.D. G.D. N.S. B.O. M.G. L.Z. N.S. G.S. M.G. S.M. W.L. G.S. C.C. H.Y. P.A.B. V.D.O. Y.S. L.S. L.X. H.M. H.M. L.M. L.M.L.G. L.G.

M.M.

M.I. M.I. B.P. B.P. Z.J.

A.M. K.K. C.J. B.L.

K.J.

O.C.

G.A. P.M. P.M. G.A. D.D. C.R. D.D. C.R. K.C. B.D.N.

D.B.D. D.B.D.

M.M.P.

H.J.E.

G.G. C.C. D.A.G. M.I. M.M. T.D. M.R. M.L. Z.E. G.F.

Paris: C.R. = Chemla Roxanne - The Louvre Nancy: B.D.N. = Berger Delaporte Nathan - Place Stanislas Saint-Nazaire: G.A. = Grigis Agnese - The Submarine Base Madrid: O.C. = Oggioni Chiara - Campo de Cebada Bogotà: J.H. = Jorge Herrera - Carrera septima Medellin: D.B.D. = Diaz Bustamante David - Spain Library Santiago: M.M.P = Muæoz Montaner Pablo - Libertador Bernardo O Milano: C.C. = Cotardo Caterina - Isola Pepe Verde/Boco in città D.A.G. = D’Alpaos Gaia - Monte Amiata housing complex G.G. = Geroldi Giacomo - Piazza A M.I. = Mastro Irene - Via Paolo Sarpi M.M.V. = Monaco Maria Vittoria - La Fabbrica del Vapore T.D. = Tedeschi Davide - Colonne di S. Lorenzo Desio: M.R. = Miccoli Riccardo - Villa Tittoni Tradate: M.L. = Monti Letizia - Street and Square System Albiate: Z.E. = Zorzi Erica - Ex Fina Bergamo: G.S. = Galli Silvia - V.le Papa Giovanni XXIII/P. Vecchia S.M. = Scaccabarozzi Marta - Parco della Trucca/Parco della Fara Torino: G.F. = Gatti Francesca - Parco Dora Nanno: M.G. = Menapace Giulia - Square as the heart of a village Jiangsu: L.S. = Li Silu - Canal City Suzhou: H.Y. = Hua Yulong - Pingjiang Street JinJiang: C.S. = Chen Siyu - Airport Business District Fujian: W.D. = Wei Dike - Fujian Tulou Chengdu: H.M. = Han Mengyao - Caojiaxiang Area Guangzhou: L.Y. = Li Yuan - Middle Jiefang Street Shanghai: L.Z. = Li Zhi - Tianzifang W.L. = Wang Lingxiao - Hongzhen street Fuzhou: S.Y. = Shi Ying - South Backstreet Fenghuang: H.X. = Huang Xiatong - Hong Bridge Hongcun: Y.S. = Yu Simin - An Ancestral Temple Lhasa: S.Q. = Si Qionglin - Barkhor Street

Harbin: L.G. = Li Gege - Central Avenue Beijing: L.M. = Liu Mairui - Yangmei Zhu Street H.M. = Han Mengyao - Caojiaxiang Area Xi: L.N. = Liu Nian - The City Wall Park Chongqing: Z.L. - Zhu Le - Renhe Street Community Hengyang: L.S. - Liu Suyao - Hengyang Railway station Qingdao: L.X. = Li Xiaoyue - Zhongshan Road Istanbul: A.T.M. = AydogduTeo M. - Gezi Park B.S. = Bildrici Sahsena - Santral Instanbul K.B. = Kalcioglu Binnaz - Galata Bridge Tehran: N.Z. = Norouzi Sorour - Qasr Garden Museum V.H. = Vahideh Henareh - Azadi Monument Shiraz: D.F. = Dianat Farid - Revitalization of Karimkhan Cape Town: C.G. = Carosini Giuseppe - Green Market Square Moscow: M.I. = Moiseenko Ivan - Gorky Park/Strelka Institute Saint-Petersburg: B.P. = Buianov Petr - Plostchad Vienna: K.C. = Kirchberger Christoph - The Seestad Aspern Berlin: D.D. = Desnica Divna - Prinzesinnengarten/Templehofer P. P.M. = Petteni Marta - Templehof Warsaw: Z.J. = Zabielska Joanna - Health Care Belgrade: A.M. = Aleksic Marina - Cvetni trg/ rg Nikole Pasica C.J. = Covic Jovana - Republic Square/Supernatural Park K.K. = Kokovic Kristina - Beton Hala M.M. = Misovic Milos - Usce Shopping Mall Sq./Crossroad Novi Sad: K.J. = Krcmar Jovana - Petrovaradin’s fortress/China Town Obrenovac: B.L. = Belic Lazar - City Fair Cetinje B.O. = Banovic Ognjen - The Royal Square Soa: A.I. = Alexandrov Ivailo - Ivan Vazov National Theatre Sq. G.D. = Georgiev Dimitar - National Palace of Culture K.Y. = Krumova Yana - Slaveikov Street L.P. = Lazarov Petar - Vitoshka Boulevard Yambol: B.M. = Boanova Marieta - Osvobozhdenie Square Bucharest: P.A.B = Petroiu Alexandru Bogdan - University Square

Typologies of public and open spaces

Barkhor Street_Lhasa, Tibet_642

La Alameda_Santiago, Chile_1820

Hong Bridge_Fenghuang, China_1370

Obrenovac City Fair_Obrenovac, Serbia

Beton Hala_Belgrade, Serbia_2005

Aspern Publik_Vienna, Austria_2009

City Wall Park_Xián, China_1982

Republic Square_Belgrade, Serbia_1866

Santalinstanbul_Instanbul, Turkey_2007

Green Market Square_Cape Town, SA_1696

Prinzessinengarten_Berlin, Germany_2009

El Tintal Library_Bogotà, Colombia_1998

Caojiaxiang_Chengdu, China_1950

Spain Library_Medellin, Colombia_2007

Ancestral Temple_Hongcun, China_XII century

Parco Dora_Turin, Italy_2009

Clinic Collective_Warsaw, Poland_1950

Azadi Tower_Teheran, Iran_1971

FIELD TRIP

UA DE

AT HU RO

CH Bergamo

Milan

SRB

BiH

Sofia

Prishtina

MNE

BG MK Skopje

AL GR

Reaching Prishtina

Our trip toward Prishtina begins from Milan-Bergamo airport on Wednesday 13th November 2013. Flying towards Macedonia, traveling you go to the east, the eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, the fall of communism, the war of the 90s. But still we did not know what would have happened, today we hear about on TV’s of an ever-growing Europe without borders, multicultural. We are a group of 70 international students, accompanied by three professors of the Politecnico di Milano, we chose a low cost flight to make the field trip of the university course. The flight is quiet but arrived in Skopje, the Macedonian capital, not everyone is allowed to cross the border. Police looking at the passports and ordered us to separate people. One group is done by Austrians, Italians, French, Poles, Moldavians, Bulgarians. After a while we reached the Russians and the South Africa student. But what is happening to our Chinese and Iranian friends? Despite the University letters for the study tour, the student visa and many phone calls to the various embassies, the Chinese and Iranians students are forced to spend the night and the next day stranded at the airport with no possibility of return, if not with the first flight Skopje-Bergamo, together with us, on Sunday. Two professors remain with them. The rest of the group, after several attempts to help them through Internet, through diplomacy and calls to various embassies, decided, discouraged, to go by bus to Prishtina. It’s around 2:00 am when we left definitively the airport, we are tired and unhappy, and despite the curiosity of arriving in a new country, it makes us angry to think that guys like us are treated differently because of a passport. The “physical” passage of the Kosovo-Macedonia

border is long but not too complicated. Well some border guards made us pick up our passports many times, many sheets to sign, they stopped us for 1 hours with the light on at 2:30 at night and we wonder why so many controls to a bus of students? But where are we? Skopje for us it was just a name of a stop of a low-cost flight, some of us did not remember even the existence of Macedonia. We arrive at Prishtina at five o’clock in the morning tired and hungry. Njomza, our local “guide”, who later became a friend, patiently helps us to find and distribute us in our respective hostels. The question “visa” for the guys who were at the airport is solved by the Chinese embassy, which allows everyone to arrive in Kosovo only a day and a half late. Not only, the Chinese ambassador in Macedonia succeeds to pass even the Iranian students. We understood the great power of China. It is not so easy and happy the parallel story of our Colombians, Indians and Iranians mates. They too have taken a low-cost flight, passing from Sofia, After various bureaucratic issues, the only solution was to enjoy the Bulgarian city. We are grateful that they took so positively such international affair. The “lucky” ones arrived in Prishtina have instead been able to visit the city and experience the atmosphere of the Balkans for four days, visiting major cultural centres (University, Kosovo Museum, National Library ...) , the exhibitions , the public discussions , interviews and , why not, evening parties. The field trip to Prishtina and the kosovars have enriched us from every point of view: architectural, cultural and human.

Austria

Bulgaria

Chile

Union europĂŠenne Republique francaise

Libertad y Orden

PASSEPORT

China

Colombia

France

India

Iran

Italy

Passport control CRNA GORA MONTENEGRO

Montenegro

Poland

Romania

Russia

Serbia

South Africa

Turkey

PRISHTINA: 100 YEARS OF COMMON GROUND Photo inquiry

Students: Giacolo Geroldi, Riccardo Miccoli, Maria Vittoria Monaco 37

OTTOMAN HERITAGE

This collection shows pictures dating back to the late 19th Century up to the 1946, when Kosovo has been absorbed into the Yugoslav Federation. Up to this moment the city is showed more as a big burg characterized by a rural architecture rather than a city. The only exceptions are some institutional and military facilities built by Austrians for the Turkish army.

YUGOSLAVIA

This section, spacing from 1946 (absortion by the Yugoslav federation) up to 1989 ( loss of authonomy), present the city as a transforming space following the development of modern western capitals. Symbols of modernism like cars and high rise concrete buildings are proudly shown in postcard-like pictures.

TRANSITION

Images of the years between 1989, when autonomy of Kosovo was retired, and 2008, when the new Constitution has been adopted by Parliament. In between this period lies the tragedy of the war and the ethnic cleansing. Other important events pictured are the protests before the NATO and UN intervention.

NEW BORN

Our collection of pictures, a photographic inquiry based on a four day-glimpse to the city.

MOTHER TERESA BOULEVARD

Mother Teresa Boulevard is for sure one of the most important street of Prishtina. It was originally named road â&#x20AC;&#x153;Marshall Titoâ&#x20AC;? under the Yugoslav government, then it was changed in mother Teresa. We have found several images of this street in the different period that we have mentioned, with the goal of understand the development of this public space and the use which has been made. Starting as an unsurfaced rural street with just a few important buildings like the hotel and the mosque, it has been soon characterized by the typical titoist block building with shops at basement and green areas. Another important element that characterized this boulevard was the distinction of sidewalks and roadways, and so the constant presence of automobile. The dimension and the centrality make of this place an hotspot for military parade and protest. The work for the pedestrianization of mother teresa are recently finished: a large square with fountains and benches is created at the end of the street opposite to another square at the starting point in which is situated a playground for children and other fountains. The capacity of this space, populated both day and night allow several formal and informal use: street vendors, sport activities, meeting point, parade, protests and art and cultural performances. The meaning of this place is really deeply characterized by the several events that upset this country, that led the place to be lived in a hybrid way, as an hybrid common ground.

MBRETIT MOSQUE

Located in the heart of the Ottoman neighborhood, it is Pristinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s biggest and most important mosque. The building dates back to 1460 and was restored in 1955 after an earthquake damaged the minaret. The square in front of Mbretit mosque has always been a popular meeting point. Even if it has been reduced in size due to the enlargement of the paved street, the small space in front of the mosque is still nowadays crowded with street vendors, while the faithfulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s meeting point is the fenced garden with the fountain for ablution. Close to the sacred building sits the market, another symbol of the ottoman neighborhood.

PALACE OF YOUTH AND SPORTS

The huge complex, built in 1977 but never completed is widely recognizable throughout all the city, and is a nice example of Yugoslav-era city planning. The construction was divided into three phases, the first two being the only ones that were completed due to the collapse of Yugoslavia and the start of conflict in Kosovo. Acting as a small city itself this abandoned space is now turned into a collection of widely different activities: shopping mall, cafe strip, sport arena, city hall and covered parking has merged together transforming a wreck of communist era into a vivid place crowded by locals every day. Beyond the shops of the palace begins the maze of dingy offices, change rooms, equipment rooms, training areas and, last but not least, the sports arena, where about 30 clubs train there every day. The all-in-one sports ground was not part of the original plan, as the palaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s second, larger arena was destroyed by a fire in 2000. This area is now used as indoor parking. A different impression is given by the concrete platform covering the shops area that in the original project would have hosted city gathering and other political mass events. This huge space lies in abandoned condition since its inauguration and, except for some big events held there during years, the plateau is not exploited at its best.

NATIONAL LIBRARY

This symbol of contemporary architecture in the Balkans guards an important literary heritage with the iconic power of a mosque, hamam or fort. Inaugurated in 1982 it is a symbol of the progress and the rapid changes which the city underwent in the period.The library, with its 73 small domes, was supposed to be the focal point of the complex of university buildings, but in an area where daily life during the 1980s came more and more to resemble a civil war, nothing came of these plans. The building stands in a sandy, litter-strewn expanse where stray dogs sleep in the tall grass. The surroundings merely serve to strengthen the overwhelming effect of the building, an architectural oasis in a concrete wasteland. By the time NATO intervened in 1999, the library had become the commando headquarters of the Serbian army. Albanian students had already been denied entrance to the building years earlier. Despite those time passed over this gloomy heritage can still be perceived throughout the vast and empty park, which hosts also an unfinished orthodox church, another symbol of the clash of cultures in the city.

BROTHERHOOD MONUMENT

Built in 1961 to celebrate unity and brotherhood of the three people of Kosovo (Albanians, Serbs and Montenegrins) this 15 meter high concrete sculpture rise in the middle of a large square formerly occupied by the ottoman bazar. through the years, from building till nowadays it has become a symbol for the city, being subject of many iconic pictures especially during the Jugoslavian period; acting as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;beaconâ&#x20AC;? allowing identification of many urban landscape pictures. In the last years this monument become object of many critics by the local government and population as well, dividing opinions between tearing it down or maintain it. Except for some scattered events held during years (pic nic, religious events etc.) the wide and monumental square of the sculpture lies in nearly abandoned and deserted state, being not a real attractor for inhabitants.

Historical timeline | City map evolution

PRISHTINA INVESTIGATION

Research tools Town Planning Design Workshop consists of a variety of educational and research activities. A series of lectures were carried out starting with an introduction to the history of Pristhina and the report “What happens to the streets of Prishtina?”. These lectures on Prishtina were followed by general lectures on “Common Ground” such as temporary reuse of abandoned spaces, public spaces and landscape infrastructures design. Taking the lectures as a base, we began to organise a field trip to Prishtina, aiming to understand the real atmosphere and situation of the city. Our itinerary started from Milano to Skopje, the capital city of Macedonia. Unexpectedly, an emergency occurred at the passport control, in the airport of Skopje. Some students from non-European countries couldn’t pass the customs. Therefore two options were carried through, the students who could enter directly went to Prishtina by bus, the students who couldn’t enter stayed in the airport for the night until the ambassy helped them out. During our time in Prishtina, we did a city tour and a visit to the museum of Prishtina. Later we were divided into groups to start a survey based on different areas of the city. A general questionary and some specific surveys focusing on sport center and scattered spaces were performed with the help of Njomza Dragusha, a student from Prishtina. At the end of the survey, a public meeting in the the university of Prishtina was organised, some useful information and comments were provided by the Professors of the Architecture Faculty. After the trip, we continued our close relation with the city thanks to the books “Kosovo 2.0” and “Prishtina is everywhere”, the information from the websites of Municipality of Prishtina, the facebook pages about local issues, the international news which informed us about the mayor election.

Mapping Natural system

100 500 1000 m 62

Public transport

Culture

100 500 1000 m 64

Functional enclaves

Sport

100 500 1000 m 66

Hospitality

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How to implement prove the

public transport? How to improve slow mobility? How to reorganize parking spa

relationship between the different communities? How to valorize the cultural heritage? How to fos

open air facilities? How to improve hospitality? How to reuse local resources and renewable e

Open questions

aces? How to requalify street scape? How to potentiate the impact of the public university? How to im-

ster

touristic facilities? How to encourage international sport partecipation? How to diversify free time and

energies? How to use water as an environmental infrastructure? How to reuse the 150 scattered spaces?

Voices from Prishtina | Local interviews and online questionnaire In this chapter of the book we would like to briefly show how the city of Prishtina is conceived by its inhabitants. Thanks to the interviews in site and an online questionnaire we had the opportunity to understand their opinions about different areas of the city, which are the landmarks of the city, where they spend their free time, what they would like to change, how they consider the city and other important considerations. Thanks to the help of a Kosovan student, walking through the streets of Prishtina, we proceeded with our interviews area by area focusing on three main questions: “why do people come here?, what does this place mean for people?, what are the landmarks of this neighbourhood?”. During the interviews people were pretty curious and they were cordial and willing to participate allowing us to get general ideas about the main areas of the city. In the questionnaire, mostly completed by people with an age between 20-39, we wanted to know which is the typical meeting point and it came out that Madre Teresa boulevard and the New Born sign are the most common meeting places, but we understood that also bars have their important role in the city: one of the most quoted is Dit’ and Nat’. Prishtina is described by its inhabitants through key-words such as chaotic, polluted, ever-changing and student friendly. We asked to people which characteristics, for them, should have a public space and they sustain that this kind of place should be peaceful, eco-friendly, green and inspiring. So, we wondered if it really exists a place like that in Prishtina and it looks that just Germia national park answers to these requirements. It has been quite interesting to know which is the grade of satisfaction regarding city parks, public transport, boulevards and streets, public spaces and general living condition. They express a quite low level of satisfaction regarding parks, transport and public spaces, while it looks like that boulevards and street and general living condition are discreetly appreciated. From that point they mainly suggested the creation of new public, open-air and pleasant spaces, bike paths, as well as places to promote education, leisure time and culture.

Ottoman City interview 1 Why do people come here? Because there are a lot of small businesses and cafes to gather. Also a lot of turists from Turkey come here in summer time to visit our neighbourhood. What does this space mean for you? Here it is the old city: this is the centre and always it should be. I really like everything of this place because I was born here. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? People use some symbols as references: the mosque, the clocktower, some old houses, a museum. interview 2 Why do people come here? Because it is easy to access for its central location. Also there are a lot of children coming in the neighbourhood to attend schools. What does this space mean for you? We like the place. Here there is a simple life. We heard that someone wants to invest in this area and we are glad of it. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? We usually meet together in front of schools. Mother Teresa boulevard interview 1 Why do people come here ? Everybody comes here because it is the centre, both citizens and tourists. People used to gather here for protests, while nowadays for parties, concerts and in July they also use it to sell their products like flowers and honey. What does this space mean for you? We are happy to work here even if sometimes the municipality makes problems. When we meet our friends we use to go to the old part. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? There are some statues of the heroes of Kosovo, with a symbolic value. Interview 2 Why do people come here? People come here to listen to me. There are tourists from Switzerland, US, England, but also young people meeting here. What does this space mean for you? I love everything in this place. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t care about monuments, just about people.

Dardania interview 1 Why do people come here? People just live here, they work somewhere else. They can easily reach the city centre and the place where they work. What does this space mean for you? It is a quiet place, but I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like parasite architecture. Sometimes also it can be dangerous. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? Before the war everybody gathered in one street close to here, but now it is different. interview 2 Why do people come here? It is a residential area. What does this space mean for you? It really looks like a jungle for me, I would reconstruct everything. There are many problems: a lot of people use to live in one flat and drug dealers sell to young people. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? This neighbourhood has become a symbol for the city, an old area with a strong character in comparison to new developments. There is a park, but we need more because there are a lot of people. Sport Centre interview 1 Why do people come here ? People come here because there is the biggest Staudium that Prishtina has for the moment, which is used for football matches and events. The plateau is also attracting people: there are also different events like the beer fest in July, or food distribution during Ramadan, different concerts and public speeches; furthermore during the winter thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a skating corner for kids. What does this space mean for you? This place is a meeting point for my friends and me, even to just chill around it. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? The main landmark is for sure the New Born sign. Interview 2 Why do people come here? People come here because this is the central public sport center where you can practice different activities (volleyball, basketball, footballâ&#x20AC;Ś) and the game of chess. What does this space mean for you? This is the place where I spend my free time doing a lot of activities. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? The main landmark is the New Born. 74

Campus interview 1 Why do people come here? The national library it is the one most used and also the space is used for different events. What does this space mean for you? It is 80% of my life, not only because I spend a lot of time but also because it is here that I meet my friends and it is here where I cultivate my education, my future. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? for sure the library, the church and the gallery. Interview 2 Why do people come here? Most of the people that frequent this area are students that spend also the free time in the green areas around, also during night people gather together. What does this space mean for you? The space has a great meaning for me, because of many reasons, the biggest ones are the national library where I used to go every day and also the gallery of arts. What are the landmarks of this neighbourhood? As I said the national library, the gallery of arts and also the orthodox church. Abandoned spaces Interview 1 What do you think about these abandoned spaces? Most of them are old and new buildings; after 1999 everything changed but we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the right laws and people to direct the citizens in the way of building, so after so many years people forgot the importance of the old and they never cared about the abounded buildings. Would you like to use these spaces? I would love to put those spaces in use and to make the new generations look the way of life and building in a new way. What would you suggest to use these? Green spaces and play grounds for children. Interview 2 What do you think about these abandoned spaces? I know there are so buildings are the main abandoned spaces but we also have many abandoned open spaces without a real identity and fuction. Would you like to use these spaces? I want to renovate and put them in use. What would you suggest to use these? Green areas and cultural centers. 75

CGL PRISHTINA: masterplan

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In-between Ottoman Spaces Prishtina has been destroyed and developed many times in the name of war, progress and modernity: the historical centre of the city has not been spared. In recent times the centre of the city moved to Mother Theresa Boulevard and the Ottoman City faded into background in the collective imaginary. However it’s still possible to find some evidences of the past: most of Pristina’s cultural heritage is concentrated in this area; just to mention a few examples the Great Mosque built in 1461, the Great Hamam and the National Museum of Kosovo. But the Ottoman City is also the place where the ancient tradition of Bazaar still survives after the destruction of the Old Bazaar “Çarshia” during 20th century. The commercial system is strictly related to the identity of the town. In fact Prishtina developed as a trade point in the Balkans since the Medieval Age. Aim of the project is to achieve economical and social sustainability through the rehabilitation of the historical memory. In order to enhance the awareness of the cultural heritage in the inhabitants and in the visitors of the area, the interventions focus on the still existing “Ottoman features”. In particular it’s still possible to read the historical identity of the town in the street network and in the preserved historical buildings. The urban fabric reflects the traditional Ottoman relation between public and private space, but the quality of the public space has become really low due to traffic congestion and the quality of life of the inhabitants is also influenced by the lack of green areas. The strategy to develop the project takes into account the traditional pedestrian orientation system based on hierarchy of public buildings, the articulation of the inward looking building typology and the commercial system.

Students: Ognjen Banovic, Sahsena Bildirici, Marieta Boyanova, Roxanne Chemla, David Diaz Bustamante, Jorge Parra Herrera, Binnaz Kalcioglu, Jovana Krcmar, Wang Lingxiao, Ismar Medunjanin, Davide Tedeschi 101

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HISTORIC TOWNSCAPE

In medieval age, Prishtina was a large market but as time went by, it developed into a town. In the 15th century Pristina was a city of trade fairs belonging to the Ottoman Empire with many hostels and a covered market area “çarsija” with many shops, acting as an important trade point between Thessaloniki and Sarajevo. Thus, that period gives to the city its Ottoman features. There are two main urban tissues that impacted the development of the city. One of them goes east west and passes through the city centre where the market area was placed and continues toward the train station on the west. It was known as the main public tissue in the city. The other one, the north – south axis was more important in an economical point of view, as it was used by caravans to cross the city of Prishtina. The old city was built spontaneously between the two hills. The dimensions of the city, the network of narrow streets and curved patchwork streets form the structure of the city. The core of the city was composed by the public functions surrounded by housing areas which expand approximately in four directions. A group of family houses with backyards create blocks of irregular shapes. Separation of private and public spaces is created by the walls 104

surrounding gardens of the houses. At the end of the 2nd World war, Prishtina was declared capital city of Kosovo, in the territory of Yugoslavia. That period brought many changings and destructions to the city: old parts of the city, the covered market, konaks, inns, hamams, mosques, the Catholic Church, the water supply and water sources in the roads were destroyed. CURRENT SITUATION Nowadays itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard to read Pristinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historical identity in the urban image. The problem stands in the fact that both cities are gone: the ancient Ottoman one in the name of a socialist modernity and the new one again because of new post war conditions. The instant building boom changed also the appearance of the historical centre: everyone started to build and modify the existing constructions up to his own personal choices, without any references to an urban strategy or a collective logic. The result is a random development causing functional and structural problems. However the historical centre still preserve some of the narrow streets and some rare valuable buildings, but without the quality and the unity of the past: the opportunities consist in his plurality and in his hybrid identity. 105

GOAL The goal of the project is to achieve a social and economical sustainability through the preservation of the historical values. The accomplishment of this goal concerns the rehabilitation of the collective memory in order to provide a common ground for the inhabitants of the area and to make it comprehensible for visitors including all the citizens of Pristina and tourists. Collective memory is associated with objects and places that in this case have been partly erased and destroyed and partly hidden under more recent layers. But collective memory has not been completely dispersed: an example is that during interviews, the elderly inhabitants of the Ottoman City still remember the time when Hamam was a meeting place for the community and when the rivers flowing open-air caused floods. Part of our aim is to make the new generations aware of the collective memory and to communicate it to visitors. The economical development will take place through the improvement and reorganization of the commercial sector and the development of the coultural touristic trade always taking into account the quality of life of the inhabitants, in particular providing pedestrian and green areas, space for social activities.

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STRATEGY The strategy involves the currently existing features of the townscape. In particular, the interventionsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; strategy is to emphasize the historical heritage and the typical urban fabric with the purpose to enhance the traditional pedestrian orientation system related to the buildings' hierarchy. The traditional articulation among private, semi-public and public spaces is preserved as part of the experience of everyday users and tourists. The heterogeneous assembly of typological elements provide a sequence of narrative systems through discovery and surprise. INTERVENTIONS The project is articulated in four interventions. The requalification of the street network pays especially attention to an itinerary connecting the cultural heritage buildings and monuments. Another intervention has the aim to improve pedestrian connection to Mother Theresa Boulevard and to emphasize the main access to the historical centre. The Great Hamam, which is currently abandoned, is reactivated with its original function and the whole block is requalified. The fourth intervention involves the current Bazaar area providing the necessary structures for commercial and social activities.

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ENTRANCE GATE The first narrative in this episodic composition is about the articulation of the modern downtown to the old historical city through the proposal of a project in the empty grounds around Charsije Mosque where Mother Theresa Boulevard ends and the old quarter begins. The chosen strategy is to implant a longitudinal building that acts as a 'wall’, this is done not to prevent access to this part of the city, but to contain the open space behind. This ‘wall’ is only interrupted by the Charshije Mosque, which stands as the first remaining historical artifact the masterplan tries to connect, it is also the visual indicator (the mosque was used for the generation of orientating skyline) that one is entering the old city. Open spaces in Ottoman cities were never in direct contact with the street system, and had a totally different logic from that of the street, open space was always contained inside buildings and not containing/ preceeding buildings like in western cities. In this model, the person crosses the built mass to get into the contained voids, which the volumes shape. The project does this, by connecting the new contained open space to the flows coming from Mother Theresa boulevard and introducing them into the ‘inverted’ city model. 108

The shorter volume will serve as a recieving point for the visitors of the current lapidarium of Kosovo which is located in the plot and will also host the mayority of the pieces which are currently outside so that access to the existing garden can be opened like it was before the existance of the lapidarium. Behind the new volumes the proposal was to preserve the existing open areas to use as gardens which you can access through certain hours of the day, new green spaces for outdoor meeting, the biggest space is fractioned to preserve the traditional scale of open ottoman spaces in the city and to generate a sucession of different gardens that lead to the mosque and to cut the mosque from being seen in full from perspective (which never was the case in ottoman cities). Between the mosque and the National Musuem the idea was to keep the separation which exists between both elements to preserve the mosque's gardens closed and the museum's front area but allowing passage between both to assure the connection of the new system all the way to the rest of the masterplan. This sepparation also becomes the entrance point for pedestrian into the museum. 109

PEDESTRIAN PATHS The project consists of a connective system which links all the representative elements in a logical sequence, following one of the main principles of the Ottoman Urbanism: the tradition of the narrative sequence, the episodic composition. For this purpose, a main linear pedestrian axis has been created to connect the different projects to revitalize the area. The main axis will be a pedestrian street which will link the project for the â&#x20AC;&#x153;entranceâ&#x20AC;? of the Ottoman City, the mosques, the Hammam and the new market. 110

The project was thought as a narration, a discovery of single elements: each space in-between the landmarks is a different episode of this urban and historical narrative. This narration has a ritual logic, like a ceremony -since it is connecting the three mosques and the hammam- in the first part and a commercial function which ends up in the bazaar o new market. The project is the pedestrianization of different streets, with a stone pavement and providing them with some urban mobiliary and trees. This element must be a subtle interplay with the minimum elements in order to emphasize the presence of the buildings and allow the free flow of the passersby. A new enclosed garden has been created in the area around the second mosque, following the tradition of the garden besides the mosque. Currently, that mosque has a decadent area around, but with the intervention it is given a new enclosed element related with the surrounding open space. Also, the space among the third mosque, the hammam and the tower is an open space, with same level and material which subtly communicates those elements in dialectic way: the important thing is not the street; it is the surrounding environment which has its own dynamics.

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HAMMAM PROJECT The Hammam’s/Turkish Baths are one of first buildings that were built in city cores through all Ottoman Empire. In the region of Kosovo there are left few example of this remarkable architecture, which through centuries represented great social and cultural values for all citizens. The one of the most important building is Prishtina Hammam, and it was built in the second half of the 15th century. As a hammam, or public bath, it has been used by the general public of Prishtina for many generations, until its original function was abandoned in the 1960s. DESCRIPTION OF THE IDEA: Han is building from the period of the Ottomn Empire, which was used for the lodging of travelers and their caravans . The hostels were building a barn for horses , room for passengers. The walls are made of stone, a door wide enough to be able to pass through them with a load of horse. Those acco m modation units are c onnected with Hammam as i ts spa center in modern point of view. Finally, this concept is based o n combination of contemp o rary accommodation a n d traditional Turkish Baths but with the same idea from the past, with the idea of Hann.

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CONCEPT: The main concept is based on combination of two ideas, one is to organize the area as a ''Hann'' accommodation and the other is to make that as a logic geometry which is considered in this area.

DIAGRAM: As a starting point is used a occupation area an possibility to organize the space with the same percentage of it but with different idea. Also, this points are showing the increasing of every segment which could be connected with this area. The idea was based on combination of this two subprojects in this area around the Hammam. However, two buildings are saved as in a current situation ( Hammam and Residential building with a good quality of the structure). The other organization depends on those two buildings. SECTIONS: Here are presented a heights of buildings which emphasize the idea of the same heights of Hammam, Hotel and residential building in order to satisfy the economical sight of the buliding (Hotel) and also not to interupt the importance of the Hammam.

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BAZAAR PROJECT CONSTRUCTION OF THE SCHEME 1. Total Area of the Bazaar (Current) Approximate # of - Stalls (Current) - Employees (Current) 2. Location in relation with Hammam/Mosque 3. Analysis of the form of the void in which the current informal bazaar sits. 4. Defining a logical strategy to shape this void surface. 5. The current bazaar today lacks also proper access to facilities ( toilets, water etc.) 6. Houses bordering the empty space have a business floor which can be integrated to the new perimeter of the new defined void. 7. The current bazaar also lacks a defined open space 8. Defining a central permanent volume which will house the complimentary uses (restaurant, toilets etc) 9. Total Area of the Bazaar (Current). - Proposed temporary use area. - Proposed permanent use area. - Proposed green area 10. Finally, from this volume the other permanent structures are added which will also house shops, their longitudinal shape will guide the user inwards to the center and the area in the back of the bazaar.

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To begin with is to preserve the heritage. The goal is to cooperate to achieve an economic, social and ecological sustainability. URBAN LEVEL Converting the streets along the boundaries to exclusive pedestrian streets will promote retail development and invest-ment in the ground floors of the adjacent and nearby buildings which can work in coexistence with the new market. Secondly, this en-courages restaurant and café development in the buildings directly flanking the new market. ARCHITECTURAL LEVEL Following the geometry created by the bordering buildings of the current market site and compli-menting them at certain points we give a shape to the huge void inside the huge city block, and then using a cover that only lands in certain points to allow the free movement inside this area around free standing units. TECHNOLOGY The shapes of the “tree” canopies with thick slams centrally located in each “tree” are designed as big rain water collectors. The collected water is used to fill up the integrated water basins in the market pavement and also for the daily cleaning of the market stalls. SOCIAL LEVEL During the night, the market square changes into a different socializing event. 115

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Hubs and Transit In Prishtina public transport is scarce. The whole city seems disorganized and sidewalks cluttered with cars can shock you. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;new-bornâ&#x20AC;? city still enjoys a large population growth that during the working days reaches 200,000 residents and commuters; so the city suffers in catching the needs of mobility of the population. The re-construction and re-plan of the city seem to be quite urgent and necessary. Before proposing a change, we have done a survey of the existing public transit situation and road classification. We found that bus lines have three main problems, precisely they can only cover a few parts of whole city; bus stops are located nearly every 2000 m, which is uncomfortable; due to the explosion of city population, public transport system has to resist the pressure of private cars. There seems to be great demand for a proposal of a new bus system, which extends the lines to urban areas not covered by public transport. In terms of bike lanes, it seems to be indispensable to enrol the city into a diverting unit and assist and complete the bus lines, combining bus stops and bicycles stops devices. As for the pedestrian connections, they are considered very important. We designed the new paths on current reality and rethought the whole city plan as a topography model. We created several bus lines in order to connect the main parts of the city, we designed the bicycle system in order to connect mainly the community centers. The pedestrian system has been designed according to moving flows, settlement density, big urban attractors. The old bus station in the southern part of the city, including the bus connection with the international airport, is re-designed as a bus and rail station bridge-building and a intermodal hub (car, train, bus, bicycle). In the northern part of the city an old production area is re-designed to accommodate a transit bus station and the open space between the school and the new bus center is multifunctional area (for sport, leisure, parking) and hosts workshops, bars and a youth hostel.

Students: Nathan Berger Delaporte, Farid Dianat, Wei Dike, Liu Mairui, Ivan Moiseenko, Si Quionglin, Li Silu, Shi Ying, Wang Yu 117

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There are several problems in the current city transportation system. Since Muslims are the majority of the population and to a large extent are unemployed or freelance, peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily lives are mainly divided into two parts, normal working life and religious life. Movements are always closely related to people daily life: for work, study, entertainment and other reasons, people have to reach other points of the city. A certain day activity, such as going to work, causes a massive collective displacement, which has great pressure on some streets of the city. By analysing the rhythm of daily life of local people and finding out the particular points of time, we can effectively prevent traffic congestion.

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By analyzing regularity of daily life of the local people, and finding out the particular points of time, we can effectively prevent traffic congestion.

There are several existing problems in the city transformation system.

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BUS SYSTEM Population: represents the different population distribution in the parts. The bus stops: means in the different parts how many bus stops there are in the city. Busstops / population dedicates the use of public bus stops in the different areas; the bigger the number is, more busses one person will have the possibility to take. Moving flows: every minutes how many people move from the other parts into itself plus the amount of person moving from itself into other parts. for example, when we fix Kalabria,the moving flow means every minutes from Dardania and Ulpiana the moving amount plus the amount person moving from Kalabira into Arberia. Bus stops/moving flows: illustrate the possibilites of public bus system satisfy the need of citizens; the bigger the amount is, people will take a bus stop easier.

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BIKE SYSTEM Public bicycle system: as for the bicycle system, we organize several public bike lines. The above bike line indicates the points which represent the bike infrastructure. The black lines illustrate the normal way of using the road when people use bicycle as major transportaion.The below graph demonstrates the informatic system of public bicycle group, consisting of central control, the network, internet and users's experience. The whole system combines each other and enjoy an influence on the future.

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SIDE-WALK Through three levels of sidewalk overlay to design the entire system. The first level is contacting of the city's key points. The second layer contacted the future urban planning region. The third layer defines the minimum urban communities, contact the city all communities to achieve the ultimate accessibility.

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CHOOSE OF THE NODE Finally,we decided to focus on three important zones of Prishtina, at different important crossing, one in the North, one the West, and the last one at the South of Prishtina. We selected these nodes because of them problematics. The first is how to create areas as place of interchanging between cars and bus (private or public ones): therefore how to connect different way to move, different speed, and different scale of moving in order to create a real transportation system, connecting the all city, with efficient Hubs. We also focus a lot our work on the question of the crossing: Bridge? Underground-way? Through our proposal, we highlight more a horizon of urban development than formal architectural proposal. Considering these tools of reflection, Prishtina will be able to become a capital really connected with his country, and with the entire world.

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The west node is composed of a sequence of spaces: The first space to consider is around Tirana Street. Our idea to solve the connection problem is to provide in a part some road connections, and in another part pedestrian paths, as the pedestrian bridge to cross the railway. We decided also to clarify this arterial road: each moving mode has his space (cars, bicycles, pedestrian (and to connect it with the crossing circle. The second space of this Node is the crossing circle infrastructure. This area is dangerous for the pedestrian because of the high speed of the circulation, very noisy and without real landscape and architectural qualities. Our proposal is, first to create a new rail station between the railway and the circle (which are juxtaposed), second to move the bus station closer to the circle in order to third, connect through a “bridge building” those two new vital organs of the development of the future “international connected” Pristina. These buildings have added spaces for offices, headquarters of society, who could be highlighted by the strategic position of the construction and connected with the new world Trade center of Prishtina. The gallery devoted to the crossing of the roads, is enriched by shops, spaces to wait, and on the roof, by a garden/terrace 128

which is a great belvedere on the city. This all system is combined with the bicycles renting system, parkings relay, and public transport through system of vertical circulation connect with it. To resolve the problem of landscape-deficiency, we propose to create a green space under the super structure. We think that it could, first work with the building (perception), develop the identity of this crossing space which is architecture, and could also absorb a part of the noises, in order to create a better ambiance for the users of this area. The third space concerned by our research work is the area with the actual bus station and her connection with the Dardania neighborhood. As we moved the station, our suggestion is to creat a real terminal for the public bus and a park with a landscaped parking. It could be in years the â&#x20AC;&#x153;green lungâ&#x20AC;? of this part of the city, when this one will be denser.

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CITY SERVICE HUB

After the analysis for the whole city,we focused on the southern node and Deshmoret e Kombit Boulevard which is the connection between northern and southern node. According the proposal of the new bus line and bus stop on the whole system of Prishitina,We do the research from two aspects, transportation system and open space system. On the transportation part,we found that the parking lots are not enough for these area.On the open space part,the question is there are lack of open space for people to communicate with each other for the node along the street. On the basis of the current condition,we put forward our proposal that we will re-composed the parking lots and open so as to form a effective space sequence.

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THE ENTRANCE CITY

INTERCHANGE LOT CITY SERVICE HUB ENERGY BOXES

2.With response to the Lidhja e Pejes,we create a energy network.Re-set abandon space into bus station and bus stop.To develop a system of energy box with different function,energy charger for eco-bus,bicycle repair spot or playground for residents.In the future,the area would be cover with these hard landscape along the street which would be a special scene for Prishitina.

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Sporting Loop The project is developed within an area defined by a set of different systems. Immediately identifiable, the train track, which is in disuse, signals a limit between the residential zones to the West of the city and the urban centre to the East. The project also finds itself wedged between the Ottoman quarter with its dense fabric to the North and the agricultural areas, which extend from the South to the West beyond the residential zone. The goal of the plan is to create a systematic connection between the existing urban parts and to render the “Palace of Youth and Sports” a central node at the intersection of diverse realities. Sport, which was one of the only social outlets of this previously war torn area, now takes on a new life and becomes a defining character for the whole city. Departing from this central area and permeating into the city, a linear park is created that regenerates the spaces of the abandoned railway. The park is expressed in different forms according to the features that it touches along its path, moulding itself to the surrounding urban context. The unifying elements of the entire system is a continuous cycle path in the shape of the ‘infinity’ sign that creates two loops of a principal journey, holding together the residential urban fabric - from north to south - and the green system - from west to east - which is composed of the agricultural areas and the Germia Park. At the junction of these two loops, one finds the area of the ‘Sport Center’, locally known as the ‘Pallati i Rinise’. This locus is the place from which our idea of “free sport” can evolve and permeate throughout the city. This omnipresent idea of sport in our proposal get synthesized in this node in order to generate a common ground, utilising sport as a tool to create social cohesion.

Students: Giuseppe Amedeo Carosini, Cecilia Cemplini, Caterina Cotardo, Gaia D’alpaos, Valentina Dall’orto, Divna Desnica, Li Gege, Irene Mastro, Pablo Muñoz Montaner, Divith Savarrkar, Marta Scaccabarozzi 133

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SPORT ANALYSIS In order to develop the sport issue from the projectual point of view we made an analysis on the actual situation of sport practice in Prishtina. The result shows that the most practiced sport in the city is football, followed by basketball for men and volleyball for women. Moreover from a survey we did it is clear that inhabitants are not used to practising sport in a free way: usually they frequent private structures. Furthermore they complained about the lack of public spaces related to sport.

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INFINITE SPORT

LOOPS

The system that is used to unify the city is made from three cycle paths of different length. These different paths allow the user to transverse through different areas of the city. These loops are calculated in terms of journey time and also respect the different modes of transport: pedestrians and cyclists. Since our path joins different systems, from the mountainous regions, through the urban fabric and arriving to agricultural zones, so a comprehensive analysis of its diverse characteristics was used to understand which were the possible uses of the areas.

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CONNECTED POINTS The cycle paths are defined through a system of carefully considered spaces that can be recognized as potentially promising spaces in the development of the city. Thus elevating their importance by threading them together through the use of this path. Some of the other areas can be identified as scattered spaces, possible areas for upliftment or renewal. Both of these types of spaces were mapped and used as critical points for the cycle path. These residual spaces were then treated with small-scale interventions to transform the larger urban context. Along this loop one can find a system of platforms, each of which is derived and generated from its immediate context, relating to landscape and programmatic interventions. These platforms are utilised in order to create a recognisable and unifying concept at a large scale, making apparent the idea of this system of spaces, while at the same time allowing each space itself to be unique and bring its own characteristics to the fore.

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RIVER PLATFORM The phytofiltration is a filtration technique that is used to produce purified water in a controlled environment. Shallow reservoirs, containing inert material and aqua- tic plants. Plants may be floating, submerged or emergent. Through phytofiltration they trigger a natural processes of degradation and absorption of nutrients. Biodiversity present in these systems, however, allows the degradation of multiple classes of compounds. Another advantage is the absence of excess sludge, which would have to be removed, since there is a balance between the growth of the biomass and the decomposition within the system. In this case we decided to use a hybrid ecosystem filter, very effective for reducing the bacterial load for the purpose of bathing. It consists of different ecosystem units which allow to develop very high autodepurative skills between the point of emission of the discharge and the receiving element. Each unit has different kind of plantations, according to the function they must solve. The slow flow water unit is characterized by a low depth of water, in order to allow the light to penetrate until the riverbed of the basin. In the swamp unit the riverbed is in gravel and sand, with a prevalent vegetation of Water Lilies and Lemna. Finally, the Wet Lawn Unit is characterized by plants like Elodea and Reed Bed Water. 146

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MASTERPLAN At the convergence of the loops, one finds the area of the "Sport Center", locally known as "Pallati i Rinise". This urban block becomes a node as it is a junction between the revitalised railway system, utilizing pump carts to connect the North and South parts of the city, the cycle path which connects the green systems and the horizontal pedestrian connection to the city centre. Since this is a point in which so many layers overlap, it was developed as a multifunctional space which can serve to host a plethora of activities.

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A MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACE Through the use of a detailed chrono-program and careful considerations, a variety of design problems were solved wherein the superposition of opposing functions such as parking and sport are brought together within one surface: in everyday life, it is possible to use the surface as a common ground, while during special events the surface's design allows for the common ground and sporting activities to be ever present as represented in the diagrams.

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Campus Reflecting Prishtina Prishtina faces many challenges nowadays; the lack of urban parks and open green spaces is one, which can be considered the main strategic tools for increasing the quality of urbanized social life. First, we add green to concrete parts. Urban environmental problems, including dangerous emissions, noise and a lack of green areas are growing. Air pollution due to car traffic is the main threat to human health and life quality and the lack of green spaces means the air isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t adequately replenished with oxygen. We used water-sensitive urban design, which integrates the urban water cycle, including groundwater and wastewater management and water supply, into urban elements to minimize environmental degradation and improve aesthetic and recreational appeal. Secondly, we distinguish library campus as a vibrant modern urban university district in small scale and develop it to city scale. Our first attempt was to open the campus to the street, because now it is a kind of an enclave. Library campus new design offers an opportunity to be in relation with surrounding neighborhood such as Dardania or to create a district marked by liveability, amenity and accessibility. Open green spaces like the new campus can have a significant effect on the sportive spirit of society, which is one of the recent debate of the city. We decided to design a bike path along the campus and beyond, which forms a circuit and is connected to other relevant parts of the city. Bike share stations have proven to be dynamic tools for social life of city, beyond their official purpose as a merely a transportation program. The city water problems arise not so much from the shortage of fresh water as from its mis-management. Our response to the local water crisis is based on technical information gathered from other successful case studies. We decided to collect water in some points, taking advantage from the actual topography, in order to store water and use part of it for garden irrigation and toilet flushing and the rest for enhancement of environmental quality. In addition our idea is to use water for reflecting the image of the city as a symbol of the necessity to reflect about the city itself as common ground.

Students: Teo M. Aydogdu, Francesca Gatti, Sorour Narouzi, Chen Siyu, Yu Simin, Liu Suyao, Henareh Vahideh, Meng Yao, Li Yuan, Li Zhi 153

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The concept source of the campus urban design is not from what we want to design but from what this campus really needs. We start the investigation from two aspects: human activities and base statuses. We did some interviews with native students and students from other university about what is their daily campus and what is missing in Prishtina University.

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Water is one of the most important issue in Prishtina, so our work is focus on water. We are thinking of reflecting the whole city in something very beautiful and romantic. We are going to do something with the water collection system to express our idea of REFLECTING PRISHTINA.

Normal days

Imagination: After heavy rain

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There are abundant amounts of water in the average year. But Prishtina is also a city which lacsk of water. So how to collect the water from the rain day?

The average annual precipitation of this climatic area is about 700 mm (28 in) per year. The winter is characterized by heavy snowfalls. The climatic area of the mountains and forest parts is characterised by a typical forest clime, that is associated with heavy rainfalls (900 to 1,300 mm (35 to 51 in) per year), and summers that are very short and cold, and winters that are cold and with a lot of snow. Finally, it can be stated that the Kosovo territory is characterised by a sunny climate with variable temperature and humidity conditions.

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Solution For Book Scarcity

Every university students should bring at least two books, donating them to the library for the free access to the library. Certainly, the content of the book should be in English and be related to the twelve university faculties. Moreover, to encourage the book contribution, every two additional books donated would engender 1 day extension for the book-loan term.

Infrastructure in Prishtina is not perfect now. For example there is a lack of wifi areas, which is not very convenient for students. Also, there are not enough theatres and cinemas for students as well, so with the landscape area we are going to build up, areas of entertrainment and culture will be build up

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As is shown in the graphs. There are mainly two kinds of schools there: American Schools and traditional Muslin school. The muslin schools basicallly concentrated on the elementary schools and high schools. On the other hand the American schools dominate in the area of high-level education. These two sorts of power weave a complicated net of education system in Prishtina. Then Prishtina University appeard as the main public university of Prishtina. As a comprehensive university. It brings a new power into this system. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s located in the city center and counterbalance the conflicts and connection of muslin schools and American schools. .

As we can see from the current situation, the bookshops mainly concentrate in the northwest part, which services the city center, but not the campus. A university need some bokstores and kiosks. And in the southeast part, there will be a new university library. We can make it a positive point to support some kiosks aroud the campus, which can satisfy the need of books.

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We use this bycycle route to link the campus area in whole. It combines with road system adjacent to the pedestrian road and it crosses the node of this area. The diagram on the right side show the topography of the .bycycle routes 163

Since our concept is REFLECTING PRISHTINA, our design is something all related with waterscape and water collections. In addition, we did some changes of the road system to simplify the traffic system.

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CULCULATION OF WATER AND SECTIONS

WATER TREATMENT METHODS

Self-circulating water system A solution for providing drinkable water and solving the lacking of drinkable water for total area of campus is the phytodepuration method. It is a present choice to use plants in order to filter rainfall; here another filtering system is needed to be combined to produce drinkable water. The mechanism is shown below We focus on transfering this disadvantage into our turning point of ourdesign. In the section after design.We develope a serie of water gathering conduct which lead to a downward platform which has an water tankunderground,And this tank can supply water for landscape in the church area and for the inner garden. And in the other area of the campus we utilize the stagged water to create wet land with short mud wall.Besides that waterpool spread around the campus can be anery intriguing landscape which eflect the environment Thus the water in campus becomes an element which not only can be used but also as landscape.It introduce people to play with it and admire it 166

Considering topography of land and space use duckweed waste water treatment is contemplated for this area of 28000 square meter in order to collect water of rain. According to calculations 60% of this water can be used for irrigation of urban gardens and 40% of it for cycle of impluvium around the church. In this method the water of area flows through a distance in order to get filtered and collects inside a tank under ground, the filtered amount devoted to pool will be sent back to the impluvium and the cycle will continue. Wet lands are pieces of steep surfaces designed with a low slope in square shapes that in heavy rainings can act as ponds or reflection elements in design.

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Trans-forming Dardania Dardania is the largest neighborhood in the city of Prishtina. It is situated in the south-western region of the city. Dardania has a population of 19,527 people within an area of 57.35 hectares, consequently a density of 17sqm per person. The neighbourhood is regarded as an “island” due to the fact it is delimited by three large roads. The Bill Clinton boulevard to the north, the Deshmoreve boulevard to the east and the E65 and M2 motorway to the south. This creates a problem connecting Dardania to the city and also creates a complex network of connections through the neighborhood. Dardania has a major problem regarding its energy consumption. The neighbourhood consumes nearly half the energy supplied to the city of Prishtina. This is primarily due to the neighbourhood’s poor building conditions. The majority of housing blocks are effected by parasite architecture, additional apartments/shops where built on top and beside the housing blocks. Dardania also has a large informal area, which contains illegally built homes and buildings from after the war. This along with poorly designed public spaces has a negative effect on the neighbourhood’s common ground. The aims of our project are as follows: - to introduce a new network of sustainable interventions about energy efficiency and water, - to improve the living conditions in the informal area, - to improve the existing connections. We propose to introduce a water collection strategy along with a new insulation façade system to improve Dardania’s energy efficiency. We propose a full redevelopment of the informal area in the north-western region of Dardania. We will additionally propose underground passageways and improve the pedestrian walkway, which passes through the neighbourhood.

Students: Marina Aleksic, Ivailo Alexandrov, Alan Bellew, Peter Buyanov, Xiotong Huang, Yana Krumova, Petar Lazarov, Nian Liu, Bogdan Petroiu, Lolo Zhu 169

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EXISTING CONNECTIONS Dardania is a residential island bordered on three sides by boulevards. Now, only one edge out of three is properly connected with the rest of the city. The “Bill Klinton” boulevard is well connected with Dardania by a concrete platform which crosses the district from West to East. The southern edge is totally disconnected by the highway and the lack of passage for pedestrians. The eastern edge, the “Bulevardi i dëshmorëve” is also lacking in connections, the area is underdeveloped and hard to access.

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PROPOSED CONNECTIONS

In order to improve the accesability the following connections can be made on the 3 sides of the neighborhood: on the west side, on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bill Clintonâ&#x20AC;? avenue, connection with future business district through a zebra crossing and by re-shaping the traffic lights; on the east side connection with Ulpiana neighborhood and respectively with the library campus by continuing the concrete platform with a underground passage under the boulevard to avoid the heavy traffic condition. In the south, connection can be made easely; after the completion of the future underground highway the resulting space can be used to link Dardania with the south of the city: the rural part in the south-east and the bus station and park in the south-west.

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One of the main Energy plants in Pristina provides electricity for 7 different parts of the city that account for 70 % of the population. However, in Dardania live 40% of the people that actually use the power of power plant which they use. By comparing the avarage energy consumption per capita among the World average, Italy, Kosovo and Dardania, the results are frightening. Dardania uses as much as energy as Italy without having the same living standard. This is because of the poor energy performace of the whole district. By calculating the energy performance of the Dardania and presenting it per m2 we can see that it is below the lowest possible mark for a sustainable neighbourhood. In order to increase their energy performance we are going to use three different tools: thermal insulation, photovolataic panels and water collectiong system. We are going to redistribute the latter systems in dependence with the building typology on the left. All of the buildings will receive thermal insulation in order to reduce their energy dependicy. Moreover buildings infected with parasites will have water-collecting systems. Whereas the high buildings will have photovoltaic collectors. 176

3R Reduce Reuse Recycle

Reclaimed water or recycled water, is former wastewater (sewage) that is treated to remove solids and certain impurities, and used in sustainable landscaping irrigation or to recharge groundwater aquifers. The purpose of these processes is sustainability and water conservation, rather than discharging the treated water to surface waters such as rivers and oceans. Just like nature is able to clean dirty water and make it usable again, modern treatment facilities use similar processes to clean wastewater.

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Through the implementation of the different system we will be able to increase the energy efficiency of Dardania from an insufficient class G to class D. 178

Water_Cycle theme Park The water cycle system is combined with public landscape and public facilities as fontain, sports, squares, leisure spaces and communication spaces. Theme Park No.1 The existing state of the site is abandoned with some chaos parking lots. Intervention on this area is to add a water gap with mist fontains which as part of medium water recycle system and could be used widely from privately individual garden roof and public service.

Theme Park No.2 The theme of this park is water recycling. We want to create a new common ground which is fantastic and ecological. This area used to be a parking place, it was disorderly and unsystematic. People would not come there, unless they had to stop their automobile. However, after our intervention, it will be totally different.

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Theme Park No. 3 The park is designed for creating more spaces for habitants to meet and relax,combined with the use of the water-cycle system. The existent green land is added the elements of basin,fountain and play ground to make this park more vivid.The pool can use the cycled water and save the rainwater at the same time.

Theme Park No.4 The park is designed for creating more spaces for habitants to meet and relax,combined with the use of open air gym. The current parking is substituted with an underground parking in order to create and open space for the public. To the existing green land are added new trees to provide a buffer zone between the people exercising and the car traffic. And the districts bicycle path is going just next to the park.

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One of the most controversial parts of Dardania nowadays is a northeast part which is full of informal buildings. The problems of this particular area, such as lack of open public spaces and greenery, increased load on district sewage system are caused by unregulated construction during post-war period. The chosen district has an important position being the closest part to the city center and facing the main boulevard of Prishtina. Redevelopment of this area will produce both social and economical benefits. Transformation should also be useful to fight against the parasite architecture.

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Re//Prishtina The Re//Prishtina project has the aim to activate abandoned or unused spaces in the city, showing their potentialities thanks to a Festival, able to gather the attention of citizens and foreigners. The Festival is mainly developed in some scattered spaces of the city that will be reactivated and used, this way their potentialities will be shown both to the municipality and to the local population. Furthermore this program will light up and promote the rebirth of some important areas in the city, for which a long term masterplan has been planned by the Workshop. After mapping the scattered spaces in the city some of them have been chosen to develop specific temporary plans in order to provide the main facilities for the Festival. Since the general needs were accomodation, eating and meeting area, we decided to work them out starting from the concept of the traditional Albanian house, though at the city scale. In this way every single place will have typical recalls to the different rooms of this house, depending on the function of each site. All these interventions aim to reuse local materials, already present in the sites, and to involve population, schools and universities in their construction. The projects is conceived as temporary interventions and reactivation actions but, in the long run, some of them will be integrated in other programs that will make them permanent. Our main purpose was to involve the local community in each step of the design process, from the very first idea to the realization. To do this we constantly kept in contact with Architecture Faculty of Prishtina, through the use of social networks and creating even a website to collect opinions and help.

Students: Lazar Belic, Jovana Covic, Dimitar Georgiev, Christoph Kirchberger, Kristina Kokovic, Milos Misovic, Narges Mofarahian, Letizia Monti, Joanna Zabielska, Erica Zorzi 185 185

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The Re//Prishtina Festival, born as a project of reactivation of abandoned spaces, aims to show potentialities of different places in the city, through a series of summer events that will happen every two years, starting from 2015. The main topic of this biennial project will be sport, as a tip to be more active in the social life of the city. To promote this event there will be an activation tour, in which these places will be opened and occupied by “flying carpets”, a common ground for different kind of activities, and flexible structures for public debate. Through these tools we’ll start to collect funds to have a low need of funding from the municipality during the festival, to organize events and developing supporting services. The site for these projects have been chosen from the scattered spaces mapping, in order to light up different areas of the city in which big transformation programs will take place. A new infrastructural system of ecobuses and bike sharing is designed to connect the new facilities and main transformed areas. In the center of all these relations we’ll put an headquarters for administration.

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For each district there is a related temporary project, strictly connected to the festival, in order to promote the local permanent interventions. The south entrance to the city will be restored through the creation of a large event area, that even connects the two neighbourhoods of Dardania and Kalabria. Besides this, a diffused intervention gives new life to the green areas of Dardania. In the northern area of the city, a new attractive zone will be risen up, in an actual partially dismissed industrial site. For its big potential in terms of connections, and the lack of accommodation in this part of the city, here a new hostel and camping site will be provided. Another big area of intervention in the city will be the sport center and railway area. Here weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll organize a local gastro zone and eating area, with related orchard, as a promotion of the subsequent opening of a green corridor along the railroad.

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We created a realistic scenario of the first festival, studying how many people could come, in order to know the quantity and typology of facilities would be needed. Starting from the data of other local festival of Kosovo, such as Dokufest in Prizren, we made hypothesis that five thousand people may participate, and the 20% of this amount would come from outside of the city. Then we analyzed the existing system of accommodation, making a distinction for price, and we found a lack of cheap hospitality places. So we will provide them during this period, through the hostel and camping site, and hospitality program in family houses. After this analysis we created a daily program, with different types of activities to gather a large amount of people to get recognisability in the European panorama. The organized events will concern different topics through different approaches, such as workshops, debates, lectures, parties and so on, in order to attract users of all ages.

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How to turn the unused small scattered open spaces of Prishtina into the lively common grounds? How to use unfinished building sites or illegal parking lots? Why not to create there the living room? A meeting place for the whole city. The space to exchange thoughts, knowledge or ideas. But in a way that brings tradition with new perspectives together. Exactly like the “The Flying Prishtina Carpet” does! The project, inspired by the Flying Grass Carpet designed by based in Rotterdam HUNK-studio, is translated into the Prishtina reality. The real 18 per 24 meters big re-cycled carpet is made by 72 small house carpets given away by inhabitants. Those collected and stitched together, are divided into 12 rolls easy to transport and spread out. “The Flying Prishtina Carpet” is meant to become a part of festival advertisement campaign and stay after in the “living room” during the event. 192

The flying carpet placed in the lively area of the main boulevard aims to rise interests, provoke or even shock passer-bys. They should become intrigued enough to check the festivals details on their own. During the festival carpet creates the “living room” surface. In that way it refers to Muslim tradition where carpets usually gives a space new meanings (praying or meeting point). But what is the already mentioned “living room”? An unfinished building site with two walls and concrete foundation. Location by the lively street UCK increases it’s visibility. Whereas proximity to a school and cinema gives a chance to introduce a cooperative program (open- air extra-classes in the daytime or cinema in the evening). The “living room” may be realized with a minimum of intervention, on a very low costs level (cleaning up, wall painting into a white screen, hanging self made lanterns, laying the “The Flying Prishtina Carpet”).

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Re//Prishtina Hub House is main building of the Re// Prishtina Festival which aims to revitalise abandoned places in the city. City Stadium is recognised as important building in urban structure of Prishtina and that is why the formal commercial space in the Stadium has been chosen for the location of the Hub House. All the organised activities and events in the Hub House are created to activate indoor and outdoor spaces of both City Stadium and Sport Centre, which are mostly unused. One of the perks of this location is its position in the city and connection with all other Re//Prishtina Festival interventions around the city. The first phase of the project is making contract to use the space with the municipality and involving both local and international participants in process of revitalising this space. 194

The Hub has three main functions: festival administration, public space and storage. The project is open to public in the sense that all participants can use the space of the House to promote themselves and also to participate freely in all the organised events. That is how the Hub House would become permanent intervention with different activities (such as workshops, concerts, seminars, film festivals, parties, retail store, cafe, etc.) throughout the whole year, with highlight during the two week summer Festival. The goal of the project is to improve urban vitality and to create common ground for population of Prishtina.

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This project is located in the north of the city in the site of a brick factory, called Tullara, that contains some unused buildings, such as the deposit in the picture on the right. This area is well connected to the whole city, thanks to the near main street Unaza Quendore and the railway line. For this reason and thanks to the huge yard behind this building this space represent the best site for a temporary accomodation project. The project aims to solve the problem of economic hospitality, during the period of the summer festival, giving different possibilities of accomodation, both indoor and outdoor. The first step of the project consists in the cleaning up and revitalization of the area. To set up the exterior yard our aim is to involve the local population, organising weekend events to call people.

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Particularly important is even the creation of a enlighted corridor that takes from the main road to the hostel building. For the building itself, instead, the aim is to collect volunteers and local artists asking fundings to the municipality in order to provide material and painting to restore the building. After the firts phase the site is ready to provide accomodation whenever it's necessary. The open air part doesn't need further interventions, if not some simple and easy to carry facilities. The building, instead, provided as an hostel needs some interventions, even if still temporary, in order to provide main necessary facilities, such as plug-ins, toilets and a welcome area. Concerning the real accomodation area the beds are provided using scaffoldings, following the example of the project of "Republique Ephamere" and "Metavilla" by Exyzt and " Designers hostel" by the italian cultural association Esterni. Using this kind of material, cheap and easy to rent, it's possible to create different structures able to provide a different number of accomodation, even really high, and a really flexible one where the space can be created directly from the guest.

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The dining room of the traditional albanian house is a meeting place, where people eat together sitting on the floor, around short leg tables. Starting from this concept, in the area around the ex train station we'll develop a system of urban orchard for the public use. The garden will be cured by local people before the festival, through the till of the external area, the reuse of concrete boxes which compose the ex train platform as flower pots, the adoption of no longer desired plants and the construction of temporary structures. During the festival this structures will provide shadows for an eating area, besides this a small kitchen furniture and traditional oven will be provided

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The unused part of the station building will be the site for a local market where people can buy low cost food from the harvest and as an exchange shall contribute in the activation of other orchards in the nearby areas. After this event the local market will remain open, and starting from 2018 will be integrated in a green corridor and wider system of urban orchard; and there will be even the possibility to adopt plants from this orchard. The site will be divided into areas for different cultures, the hilly area will be used for the fruit orchard; to the sides of the railroad, that becomes a path, there will be some shrubbery bushes, while the remaining green area will be used as a kitchen garden. Aromatic plants will be on flower pots around the eating area. Contract: -with the municipality Materials: -reused concrete for the flower pots, -wood for the eating area and market -carpets Needs: -electricity -water References: -Urban gardening â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Southbank Center, London -The Urban Physic Garden - Union Street, London

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Area around Termokos unfinished building is a buffer zone between two Prishtinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residential neighborhoods (Dardania in the north and Kalabria in the south) overrun with automobile traffic. These two neighborhoods are more than physically separated in the way that underused area between them is also a psychological barrier, which reduces connectivity and discouraging urban vitality. The idea of project is to propose temporary toolkit of devices: punctual attractors and connecting crosswalks and "infrastructural" strip in the canal that would increase general quality of the space. These punctual attractors are created to provide place to stop, rest and play. Their postions are determinated by intersection between existing communication lines with canal that lies across the whole area.

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Interventions in this area are part of Re//Prishtina interventions in the whole city. Local community and international participants are encouraged to participate in project by receiving some benefits related to festival events (for example you get free ticket for concert if you help in cleaning the building and site, etc) Specific interventions for this site are: -cleaning the canal -cleaning the building -workshop for temporary covering of unfinished building -setting the equipment for djs / local bends... -set up of vertical towers -painting of temporary crasswalks

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The festivals of the REprishtina groups aims at reactivating scattered places in the city. Dardania is one of the regions in the city with many residual spaces between the blocks. the projects aims at involving local community as much as possible by finding an answer to the needs of the people living in this area. The first festival with the subject of sport is a potential to activate one of this places as a place for sport, playing, gathering and also gardening. The project of scattered places in Dardania will be done in two phases. The first phase is done during the first festival of REpreshtina project, five other places will be reactivated by the competition which is held during the festival.

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The first phase is reactivation of a residual place between 5-stories blocks. the land is coverd in grass and the area is about 1754 sqm. the intervention happens during the workshops which will be held at the same place during the festival. Similar prosses are been done around the world with usaully the aim of establishing a space of commiunication, common activity and discussion with people in their neighborhood for example â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cantiere Barcaâ&#x20AC;? . Here the aims of the workshop are : - involving local community - showing the possibility of reusing materials - teaching to build simple structures for a common ground by cheep materials -inviting people to do physical activity. The first phase project infact is an attempt that this kind of unused lands be seen by local community and therefore bring the chance of reactivation for other residual lands with same the condition.

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References

Prishtina ARCHIS Interventions in Prishtina, Manual on the legalization of structures built without construction permit, Prishtina, Workshop March 13-15, 2009

D. Chipperfield, K. Long, S. Bose, Common Ground: a critical reader, Marsilio, 2012 P. Ciorra, S. Marini (edited by), Re-cycle. Strategie per la casa, la città e il pianeta, Mondadori Electa, 2011

ARCHIS Interventions in Prishtina, Prishtina - dynamic city, Prishtina, Workshop October 5-8, 2009 Kosovo 2.0, n.6, Fall-Winter 2013 Balkart

I. Inti, Che cos’è il riuso temporaneo?/ What is temporary reuse?, in Territorio n.56, 2011

Corridoio Zero, Verso un approccio integrato alla ricostruzione in Kosovo / Towards an integrated approach to reconstruction in Kosovo, Libreria Clup, 2001

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Thanks to Shpend Ahmeti, mayor of Prishtina | Liburn Aliu, Councillor for Urban Planning of Prishtina | Ilaria Valente, Dean of the Scuola di Architettura e Società, Politecnico di Milano | Gabriele Pasqui, Director of Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani, Politecnico di Milano | Remo Dorigati, Vice Director of Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani, Politecnico di Milano | Lindita Tahiri, Vice Rector of University Hasan Prishtina | Naser Kabashi, Director of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University Hasan Prishtina | Bernardo Secchi, Professor Emeritus at University of Venice IUAV | Stefano Boeri, Professor at Faculty of Architecture, Politecnico di Milano | Pippo Ciorra, Coordinator of the International Research Doctorate “VDH” and the “Villard” Itinerant Design Seminar | Rozafa Basha, Professor at Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University Hasan Prishtina | Njomza Dragusha, artist and student of Civil Engineer and Architecture, University Hasan Prishtina | Giulia Cantaluppi, Temporiuso.net association | Krenare Juniku, Donald Alimi, New Born Spot group | Cui Zhiwei, Ambassador of the Chinese Embassy in Macedonia | Aref Yazdi, Consul of Iran Embassy in Italy | Ferrarese Andreas, Ambassor of Italian Embassy in Kosovo