St. George's College
Subject: 7th BIOLOGY Teacher's notes
Class: Vertebrates
Objectives
Vocabulary Link and Learn
Date: August 31st
2009
In‐Class Survey
Prepared by
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7th Beethoven ‐ Vertebrates Name
Name
Reward
Ariana
Luis
Gabriel
Andrea
Andrea
Sebastián
Abraham
Ivanna
Giacomo
Camila
Fabiana
Carlos
Sinead
Aarón
Liliam
Paola
Francesca
Enrique
Rodrigo C.
Alessandra
Andres
Irma
Stefano
Sophia
Jean Pierre
Naomi
Diego
Kiara
Rodrigo H.
Christopher
Reward
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7th Mozart ‐ Vertebrates Name
Reward
Name
Nicole
Roberto M.
Luis
Giancarlo
Luciana
Fiorella
Antonella
Gabriela
Valeria Ch.
Steffano
Valeria C.
Javier
Sylvana
Roberto R.
Analucía
Diego
Camila
Luis Fernando
Franco
Sebastián
Ramiro
Julio
Sara
Sherley
Alicia
César
José Luis
Vilma
Sergio
Alessandra V.
Reward
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Let's remember previous learned concepts...
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Animal Classification • The animal kingdom is divided in two major groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates. • Invertebrates, are those animals that do not have a backbone. • Invertebrates live in water and on land. • There is a great variety of invertebrates, more than one million different kinds.
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New knowledge beginning.......
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Vertebrates • Vertebrates are animals that have backbones. • Vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata, and they’re called chordates. • A chordate is an animal that at some point in its life has a large nerve cord running down its back. • Besides having a backbone, vertebrates have an internal skeleton that supports their bodies, called an endoskeleton. • Most vertebrates also have two sets of paired limbs, such as fins, arms, or legs. • The simplest chordates, such as the tiny fishlike lancelets, do not have backbones surrounding their nerve cord. • The more complex chordates, such as humans, dogs and elephants, do have backbones surrounding their nerve cords. 8
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Class AGNATHA The first vertebrates appeared about 540 million years ago, they were fish that did not have jaws. • Heavy armored plates protected their bodies. • These were the ancestors of modern fish. • This groups gave rise to hagfish and lampreys. • Lampreys fastens into other fish with their round mouth and cuts the fish’s skin to feed from blood. • Hagfish have different kinds of mouth than lampreys, they have short tentacles that help them grab their food.
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Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes • The skeletons of sharks, rays, and skates are made of a tissue called cartilage, which is a body tissue that is not as hard as bone, or as soft as flesh. • The skeletons of all vertebrates start off as being made of cartilage. • In most vertebrates, the cartilage is gradually replaced by bone. • For some unknown reason, this replacement process does not happen in sharks, rays or skates. • Bony fishes have an organ called the swim bladder, cartilaginous fishes don’t. • The swim bladder is an air sac that controls the rising or diving of the fish. • Cartilaginous fishes must remain in motion to stay at the same depth. 13
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Class Amphibia • 365 million years ago, an unusual vertebrate struggled out of water and walked on land, something no other vertebrate had done yet. • Amphibians are the first tetrapods, or four‐footed vertebrates. • Not all amphibians have four feet. One group is called apodans (no feet), they look like worms. • All other amphibians have four legs and four feet. They lay eggs without shells. • Amphibian (“two lives”); the first is a life in water, the second is a live on land.
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Class Reptilia • Most of the ancient reptiles (300‐200 my), including dinosaurs, became extinct. • Today, there are only 4 major groups of reptiles: snakes, turtles, lizards and crocodilians (that includes alligators). • All reptiles have lungs and breathe air. • All have hard scales that are waterproof. • Most lay eggs on land, although some give birth to live offspring. • The eggs have shells that tend to be soft. • All reptiles are cold‐blooded, which means they cannot keep its body temperature steady. Their temperature is almost always similar to the temperature of its surroundings. 18
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Class Aves • Birds and reptiles share some characteristics, like skin covered by hard scales and eggs covered with a shell. • Today’s birds have feathers and no teeth as dinosaurs did. They don´t have claws in their front legs. • Scientists found the link between birds and dinosaurs, the Archaeopteryx (a 150 myo animal). • All birds have wings and lightweight bones. • They have no teeth, but beaks. • Birds are warm‐blooded as well as mammals, the only vertebrates able to keep their temperature constant.
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Class Mammals
• Mammals were succesful because they balanced their diet: proteins, fats, sugars, minerals, and vitamins. The diet is made up of a single substance: milk. • The milk is made in organs called mammary glands. • Mammals are covered with fur or hair, to keep them warm. • Mammals have sweat glands, that keeps them cool in hot weather. • The part of a mammal’s brain responsible for intelligence is more developed than other vertebrates. • Mammals live everywhere on Earth. • Some mammals (whales, dolphins) live in the ocean. And some can fly, like bats. 23
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How Evolution Happens YouTube Video http://tinyurl.com/nptfhe
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SURVEY If you want to contribute in improving your Biology class, click in the survey link:
Term III ‐ 7th Beethoven ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1
Term III ‐ 7th Mozart ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1
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KWL Chart What I KNOW about this topic
What I WANT to know about this topic
What I LERANED about this topic
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Resources Used Slide Resource (Group)
Description
Origin
G1 ‐ 2 Image
Beethoven
http://bit.ly/Q7ggk
G1 ‐ 3 Image
Mozart
http://bit.ly/18LkW6
G1 ‐ 6 Image
Kingdoms of Life
Unknown
G1 ‐ 7 Animation Good Idea
Notebook Gallery
G1 ‐ 9 Images
Simples Vertebrates Spine
Unknown Unknown
G1 ‐ 10 Image
Vertebrates' Classes
Unknown
G1 ‐ 12 Images
Agnatha 1 Agnatha 2 Agnatha 3
http://tinyurl.com/mjc4oa http://tinyurl.com/2cao55 http://tinyurl.com/mxmrnt
G1 ‐ 14 Image
Chondrichthyes
http://tinyurl.com/mxgf33
G1 ‐ 15 Image
Osteichthyes
http://tinyurl.com/komdtf
G1 ‐ 17 Images
Amphibians Salamander Eggs Caecilian
http://tinyurl.com/ncr26l http://tinyurl.com/nylj2p http://tinyurl.com/nu3shm
G1 ‐ 19 Image
Reptiles
http://tinyurl.com/mfj2na
G1 ‐ 20 Image
Dinosaurs Snake Eggs
http://tinyurl.com/mvcwfb http://tinyurl.com/momsl6
G1 ‐ 22 Images
Birds Ostrich Birds' Eggs
http://tinyurl.com/ngdv62 http://tinyurl.com/koqsj6 http://tinyurl.com/lwnbpb
G1 ‐ 24 Image
Mammals
http://tinyurl.com/ofyvst
G1 ‐ 25 Image
Mammals Collage
Unknown
G1 ‐ 26 Video
How Evolution Happens http://tinyurl.com/nptfhe
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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Main Plant and Animal Groups from Monday August 31st till Friday September 4th. For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Vertebrates on the Web, books and magazines. 2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.
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Objectives • Review the characteristics of the main groups of Vertebrates.
Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.
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Vocabulary • • • • • • •
Vertebrate: Notochord: Spinal Cord: Mammals: Birds: Reptiles: Amphibians:
Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.
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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • • • • •
http://tinyurl.com/mfj2na http://tinyurl.com/4o8q8m http://tinyurl.com/lt7vdm http://bit.ly/w6Fh3 http://bit.ly/shOkohttp://tolweb.org/tree/ http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com
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Prepared by
Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro
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Term III Class 3 Vertebrates
Grade: Subject: Date:
7th Grade Biology Beethoven August 31st, 2009
35
1
What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Vertebrates"
A
I understood 25% of the whole topic
B
I understood 50% of the whole topic
C
I understood 75% of the whole topic
D
I understood 100% of the whole topic
E
I didn't understand the class
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2
What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?
A
My effort level was 25%
B
My effort level was 50%
C
My effort level was 75%
D
My effort level was 100%
E
I didn't put any effort
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3
What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic? A
Text
B
Images
C
Animations
D
Videos
E
Teacher's Speech
F
None
G
Other
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4
How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?
A
It helps me visualize concepts
B
It helps understand difficult concepts
C
Touching things helps me learn
D
Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand
E
I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources
F
It doesn't really help much
G
I don't like it
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Term III Class 3 Vertebrates
Grade: Subject: Date:
7th Grade Biology Mozart August 31st, 2009
40
1
What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Vertebrates"
A
I understood 25% of the whole topic
B
I understood 50% of the whole topic
C
I understood 75% of the whole topic
D
I understood 100% of the whole topic
E
I didn't understand the class
41
2
What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?
A
My effort level was 25%
B
My effort level was 50%
C
My effort level was 75%
D
My effort level was 100%
E
I didn't put any effort
42
3
What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic? A
Text
B
Images
C
Animations
D
Videos
E
Teacher's Speech
F
None
G
Other
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4
How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?
A
It helps me visualize concepts
B
It helps understand difficult concepts
C
Touching things helps me learn
D
Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand
E
I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources
F
It doesn't really help much
G
I don't like it
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