St. George's College
Subject: 7th CHEMISTRY
Class: Particulate Nature of Matter
Teacher's notes
Objectives
Vocabulary Link and Learn
Date: March 17th
Prepared by
2009 1
7th Beethoven ‐ Branches of Chemistry Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Ariana Gabriel Andrea Abraham Giacomo Fabiana Sinead Liliam Francesca Rodrigo Andres Stefano Jean Pierre Diego Rodrigo Luis Andrea Sebastián Ivanna Camila Carlos Aarón Paola Enrique Alessandra Irma Sophia Naomi Kiara Christopher
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7th Mozart‐ Branches of Chemistry Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Nicole Luis Luciana Antonella Valeria Ch. Valeria C. Analucía Camila Franco Ramiro Sara Alicia José Luis Sergio Roberto Giancarlo Fiorella Gabriela Steffano Javier
Roberto R. Diego Luis Fernando Sebastián Julio Sherley César Vilma Alessandra V.
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What is Matter? Matter is everything around us, that has mass and occupies space.
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ATOMIC THEORIES John Dalton (1808): He had no knowledge about protons, electrons, neutrons, but he realized that differences in substances' atoms made their properties different. He proposed his atomic theory under these terms: • All matter is made up of tiny particles called Atoms. • All atoms of a given element are alike, but are different from the atoms of any different atom. • Compound are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed proportions. • A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of atoms, not a change in the atoms themselves.
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These wooden balls were used to represent the first atomic model by John Dalton. Science Museum, England.
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J. J. Thomson • While investigating electricity, he identified an electrically‐ charged particle that he called an electron. • A tiny particle, much smaller than the atom, and it had a negative electric charge. • But if atoms are not charged, how come there is a subatomic particle with a negative charge? • He answered saying that electrons were embedded in a sphere of positive charges like "raisins in a plum pudding". • The pudding would represent the positive charges, and the raisins the electrons, making the atom electrically neutral.
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Ernest Rutherford • He tested the plum‐pudding model by shooting positively‐charged particles at a gold foil as bullets. • He observed that most of them passed through, but a few bounced back. • He concluded that the plum‐pudding model was wrong, suggesting in 1911 that the atom was mostly empty space, hence the particles passing through. • Those that bounced back were repelled by a strong positive charge concentrated in a small part of the atom. • Rutherford suggested that electrons should revolve around a positively‐charged nucleus.
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Niels Bohr • He suggested in 1913 that electrons orbit at different distances from the nucleus, when the electron changes orbit it gives off energy. • Today, electrons are shown in a "cloud" around the nucleus, called probabilistic region.
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Which of these statements is correct? 1.
Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons and protons.
2. Atoms do not contain electrons but they do contain protons and neutrons.
3. Atoms never contain neutrons Click here for the answer
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Which of these statements is correct?
1.
Electrons are positively charged
2. Neutrons do not weigh anything
3. Protons are found inside the nucleus Click here for the answer
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Label the diagram of the atom Click here for the answer
{
Protons
Electrons
Nucleus
Neutrons 15
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Resources Used Slide (Group)
Resource
Description
Origin
G1 ‐ 2
Image
Beethoven
http://bit.ly/Q7ggk
G1 ‐ 3
Image
Mozart
http://bit.ly/18LkW6
G1 ‐ 4 Images
Black Hole Sand falling Eye of hurricane
http://bit.ly/aFjIf http://bit.ly/KPlLQ http://bit.ly/JrxKK
G1 ‐ 6
Wooden Balls Elements
http://bit.ly/JCInm http://bit.ly/PvvMp
Images
G1 ‐ 8 Images
JJ Thomson http://bit.ly/Qpn0G Cathode Ray Tube http://bit.ly/aTsuR Raisins in a Pudding http://bit.ly/yuNB
G1 ‐ 10 Animation
Rutherford's Model http://bit.ly/11YT09
G1 ‐ 11 Animation
Bohr's Model
http://bit.ly/13Q7PT
G1 ‐ 12 Animation
Plasma
Unknown
Chemistry
http://bit.ly/18R0M
Atom of Helium
http://bit.ly/JtON
Chemistry
http://bit.ly/18R0M
G1 ‐ 13,14,15,16
Activities
G1 ‐ 17 Animation G2 ‐ 7,8,9 Activities
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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Particulate Nature of Matter from Monday March 16th till Friday March 20th. For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Particulate Nature of Matter on the Web, books and magazines. 2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.
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Objectives • Describe and analyze the nature and components of Matter. • Identify and describe the experiments that lead to the different models of atomic theory.
Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.
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Vocabulary • • • • • • •
Matter: Atom: Nucleus: Electronic Cloud: Proton: Neutron: Electron:
Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.
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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • • •
http://bit.ly/PvvMp http://bit.ly/KCmja www.sanjorge.edu.pe http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com
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Prepared by
Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro
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The structure of an atom
Nucleus
Electrons
{
Neutrons
Protons Click here to go back
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The correct statement is ...
1.
Electrons are positively charged
2. Neutrons do not weigh anything
3. Protons are found inside the nucleus Click here to go back
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The correct statement is ...
1. Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons and protons.
2. Atoms do not contain electrons but they do contain protons and neutrons.
3. Atoms never contain neutrons Click here to go back
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Attachments
7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Supergoo to the Rescue.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Graphene's Superstrength.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Meteorites may have sparked life on earth.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Plastic munching microbes.docx