St. George's College
Subject: 7th CHEMISTRY
Class: Electronic
Teacher's notes
Objectives
Vocabulary
Configuration Date: May 18th
Link and Learn
Prepared by
2009 1
8th Milton A ‐ Electronic Configuration I Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Sergio María Fernanda Alejandra Almendra Anna Paula Sandra E‐C Maia María Belén Alfredo Kinley Arianne Sandra M. Fiorella Rodrigo Giulia Jaime Stefano Bruno
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8th Milton Alpha ‐ Electronic Configuration I Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Marcelo Antonella Paulo Alejandro Brenda Diego Gabriel Valeria Cristina Giuliana Joshua María Gracia Gonzalo N. Paolo Gonzalo R. Giorgio Nicolás María Claudia
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Let's remember previous learned concepts...
K ‐ W ‐ L
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ENERGY LEVELS • Electrons move around the nucleus (negative charge around positive charge). • Even though it looks as if this movement is disorganized, in fact there is a strict organization of the electrons. • Electrons move around the nucleus packed in Energy Levels. • Energy levels are the "layers" around the nucleus where electrons are found in motion. • These energy levels are called Electron shells.
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Rules to fill up the Electron Shells 1. The first electron shell, the closest to the nucleus can hold up to 2 electrons. 2. The other electron shells can hold many more electrons. 3. The last electron shell can only hold up to 8 electrons, this is called the Octet Rule.
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QUANTUM MECHANICS UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE ‐ Werner Heisenberg It is not possible to simultaneously determine the speed and position of the electron accurately.
ATOMIC ORBITAL: region in space where it is more probable to find the electron.
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QUANTUM NUMBERS: are mathematical expressions used to describe the energies of atoms, angular moment, electron spin, etc. It is used to determine the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals. Quantum Number
Function
n principal quantum number Energy Level Determines the energy level where the e‐ is located. The higher n value, the farthest the e‐ from the nucleus.
Values 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Shape of the atomic orbital Energy Sublevel
0 < l < n‐1
m magnetic quantum number Space representation of the It represents the space orientation of atomic orbitals the orbitals in the energy sublevels.
l < m < l‐1
s spin quantum number It describes the spin orientation of the e‐.
‐½, +½
l secondary quantum number (azimuthal or orbital) Determines the energy associated with the e‐ movement around the nucleus; it indicates the energy sublevel.
Shows the electron spin
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Shapes of Atomic Orbitals l secondary quantum number (azimuthal or orbital)
Orbital s: Sphere symmetry. The size of orbital "s" increases when the principal quantic number increases too.
Orbital p: lobe‐shaped orbitals. There are 3 types of "p" orbitals, differing by their orientation.
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Orbital d: third sublevel of energy. There are 5 types of "d" orbitals, with different space orientations.
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Orbital f: complex orientations. There are 7 types of "f" orbitals, with different space orientations.
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Quantum Numbers n value
1
2
3
4
l value
1
0, 1
0, 1, 2
0, 1, 2, 3
Sublevel value
1
2
3
4
s
p
d
f
l
1
2
3
4
0
3s
0
1
2
1
3p
‐1, 0, 1
3
6
2
3d
‐2, ‐1, 0, 1, 2
5
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n value
l value
Sublevel
Maximum number of e‐
1
0
s
2(1)2 = 2
2
1
p
2(2)2 = 8
3
2
d
2(3)2 = 18
4
3
f
2(4)2 = 32
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New Knowledge beginning...
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Nucleus Configuration You know the conformation of the nucleus analyzing two pieces of information: 1. 1. Atomic Number: which determines the number of protons.
2. 2. Is the atom an isotope? Which determines the number of neutrons.
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Electron Configuration The Electron Configuration of an atom is the ordered distribution of its electrons in different levels and sublevels of energy.
Pauli's Exclusion Principle In any given atom, there can not be two electron with the same four quantum numbers.
For example, for n = 3, let´s review the quantum numbers: l
1
2
3
4
0
3s
0
1
2
1
3p
‐1, 0, 1
3
6
2
3d
‐2, ‐1, 0, 1, 2
5
10 16
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Progressive Configuration • Electrons are located in a series of levels and sublevels of energy, formed by the atomic orbitals with different size and orientation, holding different but specific number of electrons. • So, how is that order?
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4p 3d
E N E R G Y
4s
3p 3s
2p 2s
1s 20
Electron Configuration of the Elements There are two ways to write the electron configuration of an element: 1. Total Configuration: which considers the writing of all the orbitals. Example: 2 2 6 2 6 2 10 6 2 10
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Tin: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p
2. Total Configuration: where it uses the preceding noble gas written in brackets as a starting point. Example:
Tin: [Kr] 4d105s25p2
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Exercises Determine the Total Electron Configuration of the following elements: • Arsenic • Ir • Thorium • Radon Determine the Partial Electron Configuration of the following elements:
• • • •
Tungsten La Bohrium Lawrencium
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K-W-L Chart What I KNOW about this topic
What I WANT to know about this topic
What I LERANED about this topic
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SURVEY If you want to contribute in improving your Chemistry class, click in the survey link:
Google Forms Term II ‐ 8th Chemistry ‐ Class 1
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Let's check an example on how to fill the electron shells.
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Resources Used Slide (Group)
Description
Resource
Origin
G1 ‐ 2
Image
Beethoven
http://bit.ly/Q7ggk
G1 ‐ 3
Image
Mozart
http://bit.ly/18LkW6
Idea
Notebook Gallery
Electron Shells
http://bit.ly/3Rksdj
G1 ‐ 7 Image
Atomic Orbitals
http://bit.ly/Laor
G1 ‐ 9 Images
Orbital "s" Orbitals "p"
http://bit.ly/3frUSZ http://bit.ly/17brAa
G1 ‐ 10 Image
Orbitals "d"
http://bit.ly/TUPz
G1 ‐ 11 Image
Orbitals "f"
http://bit.ly/GW1Zq
G1 ‐ 13 Image
Electron Shells
http://bit.ly/bJUj
G1 ‐ 15 Animation
Atom
Notebook Gallery
G1 ‐ 17 Image
Atomic Orbitals
http://tinyurl.com/pt2ve3
G1 ‐ 19 Animation
See Saw Rule
Notebook Gallery
G1 ‐ 23 Image
Electron Shells
http://bit.ly/3Rksdj
G1 ‐ 4 Animation
G1 ‐ 6
Image
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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Electronic Configuration from Monday May 18th till Friday May 22nd. For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Electronic Configuration of Chemical Elements on the Web, books and magazines. 2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.
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Objectives • Understand and practice the techniques used to allocate the electrons in the atomic orbitals. • Use the See‐Saw Rule. • Use Nemotechniques to remember the electronic configuration of elements. • Represent any element using the standard electronic configuration. Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.
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Vocabulary • • • •
Quantum Numbers: Orbitals: Electrons: Octet Rule:
Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.
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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • •
http://bit.ly/hLE1o http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com
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Prepared by
Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro
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Attachments
7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Supergoo to the Rescue.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Graphene's Superstrength.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Meteorites may have sparked life on earth.docx 7th Chemistry Reading 1 Branches of Chemistry Plastic munching microbes.docx International System of Units.doc Practical Guide to the International System of Units.pdf Guide for the Use of the International System of Units.pdf