St. George's College
8th CHEMISTRY Class:
Atomic Properties
Teacher's notes
Objectives
Vocabulary
April 6th
2009
Link and Learn
Prepared by
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8th Milton A ‐ Atomic Properties Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Sergio María Fernanda Alejandra Almendra Anna Paula Sandra E‐C Maia María Belén Alfredo Kinley Arianne Sandra M. Fiorella Rodrigo Giulia Jaime Stefano Bruno
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8th Milton Alpha ‐ Atomic Properties Name
Oral Intervention
Coin
Chocolate
Marcelo Antonella Paulo Alejandro Brenda Diego Gabriel Valeria Cristina Giuliana Joshua María Gracia Gonzalo N. Paolo Gonzalo R. Giorgio Nicolás María Claudia
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ATOMIC PROPERTIES
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ATOMIC NUMBER • Each element has an Atomic Number, and is determined by the number of protons. • All the atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons.
Atomic Number = Number of Protons
MASS NUMBER • The mass of each element is determined by the number of protons and neutrons. • The mass of electrons is so minute that it is not considered in the calculations of the atomic mass.
Atomic Mass = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons 5
ISOTOPES • Some elements are made up of atoms with different masses. • For atomic masses, the number of protons always remains the same. • Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons nut with a different number of neutrons. e‐
e‐
e
e‐
‐
e‐
e‐
e
e‐
‐
e‐
e‐
e‐
e‐
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The Nuclei of the three isotopes of Hydrogen Protium
Tritium
+
+
1 proton
1 proton 1 neutron
Deuterium
+ 1 proton 2 neutrons
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Carbon 14 • Cosmic rays, containing high levels of energy (ultraviolet light), break apart the atoms in the atmosphere, causing neutrons to fly apart and collide with other atoms (troposphere). • When these neutron collide with the most common gas in 14 the atmosphere (Nitrogen), a proton is expelled and N 7 14 C becomes . 7 • Isotopes are chemically similar but physically different.
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NEUTRON DECAYS INTO PROTON PLUS ELECTRON
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INVESTIGATION
E‐Portfolio • Investigate the techniques used to date remains found from the past. • This publication must contain 100 words as a minimum, and 150 words maximum. • You can use other resources to complement your publication, such as: audio, video, animations, etc. • Just remember: CITE your SOURCES of INFORMATION, and USE YOUR OWN WORDS.
Click below for the easy way
Click below for the right way
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ISOBARS • Formed by groups of atoms with different atomic number but with the same atomic mass. • Isobars are chemically different but physically similar. • Examples: 40 20
Ca
40 18
Ar
ISOTONES • Isotones are elements that have the same number of neutrons. • Example: 17p+ + 20n0 = 37
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19p+ + 20n0 = 39 19
Cl
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ISOMERES • Formed by compounds with the same formula but different molecular structures.
C6H12O6 Inositol
Hexoses
9 others Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
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Exercise 1 Complete the following table in the shortest time possible and present it for 1 extra point in the following test.
Element's Name
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number
Os
Atomic Mass
# Electrons
190 65
Curium
30
247 Hg 43
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Exercise 2 Calculate the molecular mass in the following compounds: Carbon Dioxide Water Carbon Monoxide Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Peroxide
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Exercise 3 1. What is the percentage by mass of oxygen (O) in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
2. What is the percentage by mass of chlorine (Cl) in perchloric acid (HClO4)?
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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Atomic Properties for the week of Monday April 6th till Wednesday April 8th. For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Atomic Properties on the Web, books and magazines. 2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.
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Objectives • Describe the properties of elements in terms of atomic numbers, and atomic masses. • Identify elements by chemical symbol, atomic number and atomic mass.
Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.
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Vocabulary • Atom: the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element. • Proton: a subatomic particle that has positive electric charge. • Nucleus: the control center of a cell that directs the cell's activities. The center of an atom, usually made of protons and neutrons. • Neutron: a subatomic particle that has the same mass as a proton but no electric charge. • Electron: a subatomic particle that orbits an atom's nucleus, has a negative electric charge, and has very little mass. • Atomic Number: the number of protons in an atom. • Element: a substance made up of only one kind of element. • Metal: a substance that conducts heat and electricity well and is malleable. • Nonmetal: a substance that does not conduct electricity and is not malleable. • Proton: a subatomic particle that has a positive electric charge. • Periodic Table: a table that shows the elements arranged by their atomic numbers. • Compound: a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined. • Melting Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. • Boiling Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. • Plasma: a state of matter made up of charged atoms, uncharged atoms, and free electrons.
Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.
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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • •
http://www.creation‐science‐prophecy.com/C14a.htm http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com www.sanjorge.edu.pe http://libraryatstgeorges.blogspot.com
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Resources Used Slide
Resource
Description
Origin
G1 ‐ 2 Image
John Milton
http://bit.ly/QAYb
G1 ‐ 4 Image
Atoms
http://bit.ly/BqTh
G1 ‐ 7 Images
Helium Isotopes Carbon 14 Isotopes
http://bit.ly/Hhz7Z http://bit.ly/10rlfM
G1 ‐ 8 Image
Carbon 14 formation
http://bit.ly/MSA0V
G1 ‐ 9 Animation Periodic Table
Notebook Gallery
G1 ‐ 10 Images
Carbon ‐ Nitrogen reaction http://bit.ly/MSA0V http://bit.ly/2pNa39 Beta decay 1 http://bit.ly/13Rciv Beta decay 2
G1 ‐ 11 Images
Carbon 14 to Nitrogen 14‐1 http://bit.ly/h7Cxr Carbon 14 to Nitrogen 14‐2
E‐Portfolio G1 ‐ 12 Images Animation Puzzle pieces Copy and Paste Idea
http://bit.ly/W7ccA http://bit.ly/Dbbtf http://bit.ly/2ZxTj Notebook Gallery
G1 ‐ 14 Image
http://bit.ly/OPIoM
Glucose
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Prepared by
Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro
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