Travel and Tourism
Sample Report on Travel and Tourism
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Table of Contents Executive summary............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 5 History and Structure of Travel and tourism sector ............................................................................... 5 Historical developments in the travel and tourism industry ............................................................. 5 Structure of travel and tourism sector ............................................................................................ 6 Influence of national and local governments and international agencies on travel and tourism sector ... 7 Functions of Government, sponsored bodies and travel agencies .................................................... 7 Assessment of how national and local economic policies affect the success of travel and tourism sector ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Implications of political changes on the travel and tourism sector in different countries .................. 8 Effects of supply and demand on travel and tourism ............................................................................ 9 Factors affecting tourism demand ................................................................................................. 9 How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand ................................................................. 9 Impact of tourism ............................................................................................................................. 10 Evaluation of positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts on tourism ........ 10 Strategies to minimize the negative impacts ................................................................................ 10 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 11 References ...................................................................................................................................... 12
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Travel and tourism industry is significantly contributing in the economic and growth of a country. With the change in market trend and business environment and customer's demands and needs it is very necessary to develop various strategies for the enhancement of tourism industry. From the ancient time, travel and tourism industry is contributing major part and satisfying customers. In the present report, various economical social and cultural factors will be studied which affect the growth of travel and tourism. Along with this, implications of political and legal acts of tourism will also be discussed in the report.
Sample Report on Travel and Tourism
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INTRODUCTION Travel and Tourism is one of the world's leading economic sectors, which is expanding its business with swift pace. Tourism can be defined as complex phenomenon, which is related to economic, social and cultural aspects of a geographical area, whereby people travel from overseas different purposes. It is the key driver of economic growth generates millions of profits and renders ample of job opportunities to people. The present report particularly lays its concern over the historical developments of travel and tourism industry, along with functions of government and other travel agencies, Moreover, it will also discuss about the international and local policies along with their implications of growth of tourism sector. Furthermore, the impact of supply and demand will also be described in this module.
BACKGROUND Travel and tourism embraces the overall aspects of economy. This industry is responsible for economical changes, environmental developments and other social-cultural activities. The extent of change and rapid pace in domestic and international market is highly influencing the travel and tourism industry. This module studies about the historical developments and structure of aforesaid insudtry with national policies (Alder, 2016). This report will also render insight on the impact of economical, social and cultural factors on travel and tourism businesses. In addition to this, it will also represent the statistics of the UK and significant contribution in the development of economy. Moreover, with the reference of TUI Group, which is world's largest travel and tourism company the impact of internal and external environment will also be analysed.
HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Historical developments in the travel and tourism industry Travel and Tourism has been existing during the ancient times. Earlier, the purpose of this is used to be gathering of food, for the purpose of accommodation, religion and education and etc. In prehistoric times, Egyptians and Rome people used to spend their huge money for the purpose of travelling the countryside. In the medieval age, people used to show their keen interest in pilgrimages (Becker, 2016). During the ancient times in 18th century, culture and health tourism were also major cause of widespread of businesses. Moreover, with the change in standard of lifestyles of people and economics of countries, enhance the scope of travel and tourism. Later, the English people also started to travel and spend their savings on leisure and recreational activities. From the 19th century, this sector has covered the major portion of service industry; became so popular that continuously tend to expand its plethora of business. Development of commercial aircraft and increased income level of people also Get tourism assignment help and writing service at pocket friendly budget at Global Assignment help Australia that is the most leading assignment help provider for university students.
enabled to influenced the mass number of visitors (Buning and Gibson, 2016). Furthermore, with the development of sea, rail transport, growth of package tours and advancement in technology lead to enhance the growth and development of tourism industry. Thus, there are many reasons, which is why specific version of history of tourism and travel industry has endured. It has also been researched from the economy facts that, tourism is fastest flourishing industry since 2010 and predicted to grow by the increasing rate of 3.8% by 2025. Structure of Tourism sector Travel industry has significant contribution in the economic growth of the UK. It comprises of various activities and services; it is made up of transportation; Attraction; Tour operators; Accommodation and catering; Travel agents; Tourist information and guiding services. (Camilleri, 2015)
Illustration 1: Structure of Tourism Source:Evans, Stonehouse, and Campbell, 2012 The above structure of tourism represents that, there is a great role of all these components in the travel and tourism industry. Tour operators provide holiday packages, inclusive of all facilities like, transportation through the mediums of sea, rail, road, air or from excursions, car hire and etc. and accommodation establishments in hotels, apartments, villas, guest rooms, camps, lodges, motels and etc. Travel agencies are also specialised in the arrangements of accommodations and marketing travel for tourists. In addition to this, transport service providers can be car rentals, airlines, rail companies and cruise lines, in accordance to these mediums of transportations, travellers can plan their trip.
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Traveller will choose that transportation medium, which will suit him/her according to the budget, purpose, time and convenience of tourist destination (Filimonau, Dickinson and Robbins, 2014). Along with this, tourists also required catering and hospitality services, which will comprises of refreshments, restaurants, hotels, outlets of food, cafeterias and other alternatives. Another component of tourism is attraction; a tourist destination can have various physical attractions, like theme parks, monuments, scenic locations, natural attractions and many more. Tour operator, like TUI Group need to also provide guidance to its tourists and other hospitality services, like recreational, insurance, government agencies, communication, tour guides, packaging agents, holiday sellers and ticking agents.
INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ON TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Functions of Government, sponsored bodies and travel agencies In the current scenario, there have been many changes witnessed in the tourism industry. These changes affect the global scenario, along with the tourism industry. Government bodies, local governments and international agencies of the UK are responsible for the tour operations of tourism industry. Local government: The government of the UK will provide great assistance to tour operator, TUI Group for the availing basic necessities to visitors, and also responsible for infrastructure maintenance, so that large number of customers can be attracted. Moreover, for the development of transportation system, like establishment of new railway line, airport, harbour and other mediums in the UK, local government will be responsible (Horner and Swarbrooke, 2016). Government sponsored bodies: These entities are also involved in the development of tourism industry. Government sponsored bodies may sponsor some projects which may not be profitable for private bodies, but has strategical importance for travellers or visitors. Government bodies will reflect the national government's interest and political intervention for the development of many tourism services and activities. Travel agencies: There are also many agencies, like World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) is United Nations international travel organisation, which is responsible for promotion and development of tourism services (Hudson and Thal, 2013). Moreover, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) is also a global authority of the social and economical contribution of tourism and travel. This agency promotes for the sustainable development and growth by engaging with international and government institutions. Get tourism assignment help and writing service at pocket friendly budget at Global Assignment help Australia that is the most leading assignment help provider for university students.
Assessment of how national and local economic policies affect the success of travel and tourism sector Travel and Tourism industry of the UK is highly amplified by the local and national policies. With the fluctuations in these practices and standards, the arrival of tourists are also decreased. There are many policies, which has affected the tourism businesses. The UK charges full VAT rate on accommodation establishments to tourists as compared to other European countries (Kim and Marcouiller, 2015). It also charges full VAT rate on the restaurant meals. In addition to this, the country also applies full charge of VAT rate on cultural attractions and entry tickets to theme parks or amusement parks. If UK reduces the VAT by 5% then, GDP of the country will rise by ÂŁ4bn. Moreover, it will also create many job opportunities for people. In addition to this, visa charges of the UK is also very expensive, for instance, a short trip to UK will cost ÂŁ83, while it will cost ÂŁ50 for Schengen visa. There are also many other issues, which can be raised from implication of strict rules and regulations on tourism.
Government plays vital role in the settlement and arrangement of all facilities, thus UK government need to make changes and modifications in its regulatory systems, as it can highly affect the number of arrival of tourists.
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Implications of political changes on the travel and tourism sector in different countries Tourism growth in many countries is not attaining that level of success. The growth of travel and tourism country depends upon changes in policies of government and politicians. Unstable politics of different countries would raise the issues and problems for travellers. There can be many risks raises, if a country is having coseismic political environment. It will also create a negative publicity and reduce the inflow of tourists in particular destination (Leslie, ed., 2016). UK has stable political stability, which is why the growth of tourism industry is very high. It has bee reported from the study that, UK is suffering from the price competitiveness and is making significant efforts for British Hospitality Association to reduce the VAT. Moreover, tourism industry of the UK can be influenced by reducing the burden of employment laws and regulations (Pappas and Apostolakis, 2016). The politicians of the UK need to make certain policies to deregulate the impact of employment law. Brexit is making difficult for politicians of the UK to take certain decision related to visa rules, employment process and other regulations.
Sample Report on Travel and Tourism
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Contact Us :Email: help@globalassignmenthelp.com.au Phone No.: +61 283 206 050 Web site Link: https://www.globalassignmenthelp.com.au In addition to this, China will also become world's leading tourist country by 2020, as per the study of WTO (The Authority on World Travel & Tourism. 2012). The government of China is highly investing on the tourism industry to broaden its business and earn profitability. It has been expanding its outbound and inbound tourism with rapid pace.
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EFFECTS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND ON TRAVEL AND TOURISM Factors affecting tourism demand Several factors, which can affect the demand of tourism industry are economy of different countries, environmental issues, taxations, threat from natural disasters, terrorism, epidemics, change in technology and changing minds of people.
Moreover, there are also some other factors, like increase in investment power of tourists and interests for travel is also enhancing the demand of tourism (Tribe, 2015). The spending in leisure and recreational activities has also been increased. Moreover attractive tourist destinations and lavish tourism facilities also attract huge mass of population of different countries. Price orientation and availability of customized tour packages also increase the scope and demand of tourism. Availability of vast resources and high technological facilities are becoming dominant feature affecting the demand. It has been also predicted that, there has been rise in the UK tourism jobs with the increase in 9.9% of GDP. How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand In the era of modernisation, tour operators are making significant changes in their delivery of services and facilities to tourists. The supply of accommodation establishments, transport, physical attractions have increased. Moreover, tour operators design a product, which comprises of catering, accommodation facilities, transport, shops, banks and travel agents (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). In addition to this, supply can be of economical; political; geographical; legal; technological and social kind. Supply has been definitely changing to meet the demands of tourism; there are many mediums, with the help of which demands of tourists can be meet. TUI Group is required to plan and form a structure of availability of resources, capital requirements, skilled and talented human resources, accessibility of destinations and presence of various tourism facilities to meet the tourism demand. By rendering all these facilities and services, supply can meet the demand.
IMPACT OF TOURISM Evaluation of positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts on tourism Looking into the present scenario of competitive marketplace, there are range of positive and negative impacts of economics, socio-cultural and environmental factors which have been arising and influencing the tourism industry. Tourism can be considered as both the source of income and economic growth, along with mode of destruction of economy, environment and cultural beliefs of
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people (Global Talent Trends and Issues for the Travel & Tourism Sector. 2015). Some positive impacts from tourism are stated below:
Learning about cultural and social values of different regions and countries;
Minimisation of negative stereotypes and perceptions;
Development of tolerance, respect and understanding of different customs, rituals and culture;
Increase in employment rate;
Growth rate of tourism and visitor's spending power has been increased;
Illustration 2: Trend and forecast Economy of particular destination will increase. Source: 2016 inbound tourism forecast
However, there are also some negative points, which are stated below:
Brexit has also affected the tourism in the UK, TUI Group spent huge amount in the European holiday packages, but after the referendum to leave European Union by Great Britain, the organisation lose values. Increased exchange rate is affecting the budget of visitors as a result of which tourism is also affected.
Travel restrictions and strict regulations have also affected the tourism in the UK.
Exploitation of natural resources and heritage.
Increased mobile roaming costs are also abolishing the tourism of the UK, as Great Britain will no longer be able to charge same rate of Internet surfing costs.
Jobs created will be seasonal, thus there will be job insecurity among employees.
Crowding, consumption of alcohol and drugs, congestion, prostitution and crimes can affect the local communities.
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Water supply, coral reefs, heritage sites and other natural resources will be highly affected.
Strategies to minimize the negative impacts Numerous strategies are made to reduce the negative impacts of tourism. By circulating the job opportunities and emphasizing on the rural communities, decreasing tax revenues and tax rate of accommodation can enhance the economy of particular destination. Moreover, improvements in infrastructure and educating people will likely enhance the society and encourages it to preserve its natural resources. In addition to this, their need is to make many positive steps for the conservation of natural resource and wild life, which is regarded as an asset of tourism (Tourism: At the Forefront of the
UK’s Economic Recovery. 2014). By developing, alternative sources of employment can overcome the problems and issues arise in the tourism industry.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS With the above study, it can be concluded that travel and tourism provide great opportunities to different countries to enhance their economy by making substantial developments. By comprehensive studying on the demand and supply of tourism, effective actions and steps can be taken by tourism industry to enhance their businesses. It is fastest growing industry, which has broadened its scope in both developing and developed countries. By analysis the market trend and changing demands of customers, effective strategies can be made to increase trade, promote growth, sustainable development and creation of high disposable income. Tour operators are required to develop lavish services, which can provide the sense of satisfaction to tourists and fulfil their purpose of leisure and recreation. Moreover, government of different countries also need to participate in the growth and development of tourism. Sample Report on Travel and Tourism
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REFERENCES
Alder, J.A., 2016. Expressions of Diasporic Identity: Travel and Food as Signifiers of Polish Identity. Tourism Culture & Communication, 15(3). pp. 205-214.
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: the exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and Schuster.
Buning, R. J. and Gibson, H. J., 2016. The role of travel conditions in cycling tourism: implications for destination and event management. Journal of Sport & Tourism. pp. 1-19.
Camilleri, M.A., 2015. Nurturing travel and tourism enterprises for economic growth and competitiveness. Tourism and Hospitality Research, p.1467358415621947.
Clift, S. and Page, S., 2015. Health and the International Tourist (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Filimonau, V., Dickinson, J. and Robbins, D., 2014. The carbon impact of short-haul tourism: a case study of UK travel to Southern France using life cycle analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 64. pp. 628-638.
Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J., 2016. Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge.
Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 30(1-2). pp. 156-160.
Kim, H. and Marcouiller, D.W., 2015. Urban Vulnerability and Resiliency to Natural Disasters: An Integrative Tourism Planning Perspective. Cities at Risk: Planning for and Recovering from Natural Disasters. p.159.
Leslie, D. ed., 2016. Tourism enterprises and the sustainability agenda across Europe. Routledge.
Pappas, N. and Apostolakis, A., 2016. Financial Crisis and Tourism Activity: Evidence from the UK. In Global Dynamics in Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality. pp. 190-207. IGI Global.
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