Global Milling Advances is a magazine for agriculture professionals worldwide
Issue 14 / February 2016 Antares Plus
Roller Mill Advances
Yield and Flour quality
Key advancements in design & function
Flour Mill Rolls
Flour fortification
An update from Entil
The German’s unloved child
The importance of rolls for a flour mill
Expo list
The world’s top events related to milling from around the world, listed on p. 19
4
Innovations in Roller Mills PAGE 7
Quality, yield and capacity in a flourmill are directly related with the crushing and milling operations of the rolls. Read more on p.5
IMAS NORTH AMERICA
Advancements in Roller Mills Read more on page 7
Published by Nisa Media Ltd www.globalmillingadvances.com www.facebook.com/nisamedia www.twitter.com/nisamedia
Magi-N.ext, Dinnissen
p.9
Antares Plus
p.2
Editorial
Issue 14 / February 2016 Antares Plus Yield and Flour quality
Welcome to the February 2016 issue of Global Milling Advances. This month we take a look at the latest devbelopments in Roller Mill technology, from Entil, Buhler, Dinnissen and IMAS North America. In addition we have a collaborative feature on Flour Fortification from several German specialists. As always we strive to provide relevant and useful information to our professional readership; as such contributor submissions, press releases and feedback on our publications are always welcome. Keep up to date with events happening in your industry! Download your copy of our 2015 wall planner today at:
www.globalmilling.com
Keeping in touch with Global Milling follow us on: Twitter: www.twitter.com/globalmilling Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/company/nisa-media-ltd Scoop it: www.scoop.it/t/global-milling Paper.li: www.paper.li/GlobalMilling/1334242597 Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/globalmilling/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/pages/Global-Milling/316973328357939
Flour Mill Rolls An update from Entil
Flour fortification The German’s unloved child
Roller Mill Advances Key advancements in design & function
Events
The world’s top events related to milling from around the world, listed on p. 19
>> Published by: NISA Media Ltd 14 Clarke Way Cheltenham GL50 4AX United Kingdom
www.globalmilling.com > Editorial Manager Nicky Barnes Tel: +44 117 2306494 Email: nbarnes@globalmilling.com
> International Marketing Manager Sabby Major Tel: +44 117 2306493 Email: smajor@globalmilling.com > News Editor Martin Little Email: mlittle@globalmilling.com
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 1
Antares Plus – the plus in yield and flour quality The Antares Plus roller mill optimizes yield
roller mill and began industrial production.
The market success of Antares is due to its
and flour quality thanks to innovative sensor
155 years later the roller mill still forms the
robustness, even feed and grinding and the
technology.
core element of any flour mill. In the roller
highest standards of sanitation thanks to
mill, cleaned cereal grains – including wheat,
the use of stainless steel and sophisticated
The Antares roller mill stands for
durum, corn, rye, barley or malt – are
insulation.
high-quality grinding, the highest standard
processed into the finest flours or semolina.
of sanitation and consistently reliable operation. The further development of the
A “plus” thanks to sensor technology
> Antares success story
Antares Plus brings together all these
With the “Plus” version, Bühler opens a new chapter in the success story of Antares. The
benefits while also increasing yield,
The Antares roller mill is the flagship of the
new Antares Plus roller mill ensures ideally
maximizing flour quality and reducing
extensive Bühler roller mill portfolio. It
coordinated grinding with minimal
energy consumption, all thanks to new
combines 155 years of Bühler experience
pneumatic conveying. Energy consumption
sensor technology.
with the latest knowledge in terms of
and flour quality are in the optimal range.
grinding and hygiene, serving as the Bühler AG in Uzwil, Switzerland has been
worldwide reference for modern roller mills
Standard on the Antares Plus are automatic
manufacturing rolls since 1860. From that
in the milling industry. Since the launch in
grinding gap adjustment and the online
beginning, company founder, Adolf Bühler,
2008, more than 3,000 Antares top line
MYTA particle size measuring sensor.
took the then revolutionary principle of the
roller mills have been sold.
Temperature monitoring of the rollers and
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 2
bearings also ensure maximum operating
running, causing the rolls to increasingly
Finally, Antares Plus stands out due to its
safety and high production uptime.
heat up. This can be prevented by constant
modern, ergonomic and well thought out
temperature monitoring of the roller
chromium steel design.
The Online MYTA sensor continuously
surfaces. Continuous measurement of the
measures the particle size distribution in the
roll temperature ensures consistent product
With Antares Plus, Bühler is taking another
ground product and compares the
quality, particularly where there are few
step on the path towards the “automatic
measured actual value with the target value.
operators. Thanks to the temperature
mill”.
The Antares Plus control system records the
sensors in the roll bearings, wear and tear
deviations and automatically adjusts the
or lack of grease is recognized early.
milling gap to the target value. The result is
Preventive temperature monitoring of the
a consistent product quality with minimized
rolls and roll bearings thereby ensures
energy consumption. The sensor-controlled
maximum operational safety and high
milling gap adjustment automates this
finished product quality.
former manual procedure and enables millers to invest more time in their core tasks.
> Temperature monitoring
The optimal combination for the roller floor The new Antares Plus roller mill provides
More information:
the best results on break passages and head In the new Antares Plus roller mill, the
reduction, but can also be used for other
modern sensor technology not only checks
passage types based on customer require-
the particle size but also the temperatures
ments. Combined with the conventional
of the rolls and roll bearings. When contact
Antares roller mill, it forms an ideal
pressure is too high, there is winding or dry
combination on the roller floor of any mill.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Nicholas Trounce Product Manager Grain Milling Bühler AG Switzerland nicholas.trounce@buhlergroup.com
Page 3
The importance of rolls for a flourmÄąll
The crushing and milling technique in the
The lifetime of the rolls is related to its
mills have different characteristics accord-
chemical alloy and physical values. The
ing to the passages. It is better to manufac-
hardness value is not enough to express
ture rolls according to the passage in order
that the roll is good or not. Rolls which are
to achieve the quality, yield and capacity at
worn out in short time can cause quality
the requested levels.
problems in the flour.
The most important factors that shall be
For cracking rolls, single grinding life
considered in choosing a good roll is to take
changes according to the quantity of
care that it is abrasion resistant and that it is
rollermills in the flourmill, how many shifts
performing standard grinding for long time
and days a week the mill is working. As an
at the requested tonnage in one fluting.
example, it is possible to say that our rolls
The quality of the roll has a big effect to reach the quality of the product the owner is targeting. A good casting and corrugation on cracking rolls or crown cambering and sand blasting on smooth rolls. Quality, yield and capacity in a flourmill are directly related with the crushing and milling operations of the rolls. The difficulty and difference of a good roll production starts with the casting. It is very important to put the right elements with the correct ratios to obtain the right hardness of a roll. We as Entil have recipies to produce rolls to reach the hardness we are targeting. We do not leave it to chance. The cracking rolls have to be durable, abrasion resistant and easy to be fluted with the hardness of 500 – 550 Brinell. And smooth rolls must have a balanced crown cambering with a good sand blasting with a proper hardness which is needed. What time a cracking roll will need to be refluted, what will be the life of a roll, all these depends on a good casting and good corrugation which effects the costs of the flourmill as well. Because stopping the production to send the rolls for refluting means costs in finance, production and workmanship and customer dissatisfaction because of late delivery of the product. Entil with 52 years experience of casting and 42 years experince in roll production manufactures rolls for flour and feed mills, as well as for chocolate, oilseed and coffee industries.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 5
For cracking rolls, single grinding life changes
surface. This will cause poor quality
according to the quantity of rollermills in the
products, vibration on the rollermill and
flourmill, how many shifts and days a week
noise in the production area.
the mill is working. As an example, it is
More information: ENTIL A.S. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, Şehitler Bulvarı,
possible to say that our rolls can crack 75,000
Entil gives importance to its Quality Control
No: 2 Eskisehir
– 95,000 tons approximately of with one
and R&D Departments. Rolls are controlled
Turkey
grinding in a plant with 12 or 14 rollermills.
in each step. Starting from the casting till
Tel: +90 222 2375746
The diagram of course is important as well.
shipping to the customer. Even after 10
Fax: +90 222 2372675
years, it is possible for us to find all technical
Web: www.entil.com
Smooth rolls must have different alloy
specifications of the roll which was shipped
specifcations. They are crown cambered
to the customer.
against thermal exposure because of their alloy features. Their duty in the production is
Our new products are stainless steel and
to bring the flour to the desired micron by
longlife rolls. We are producing stainless
grinding the product coming from the
steel rolls the last one year.
crushing passages in the system. Smooth rolls which are not sand blasted well
Entil rolls are shipped mainly to the US,
can cause problem in production as well
Germany, Italy, France, South American
because the product will not come trough
countries and more via our marketing
the roll and will accumulate on roll
offices.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 6
ADVANCEMENTS IN ROLLER MILLS INFORMATION
Due to increasing regulations related with food safety, sanitation and hygiene, we have seen several key advancements in the design and function of roller mills used in the flour milling industry.
1
Stainless steel material: Used for product contact areas such as the product inlet, the roll enclosure and the product outlet areas have greatly improved the hygiene of the machines.
In this report we explain four current improvements and our thoughts on future improvements: Over the next five years we expect several new innovations and improvements. Some examples include: • Extending the expected life of the rolls by using special alloys. • Reducing starch damage by providing a homogeneous distribution of the temperature on the rolls and controling it by automation. • Increasing the grinding efficiency on the Roller Mills will allow us to use less roller mills in the process and decrease energy consumption.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
2
Using timing belts: Rather than gear boxes and implementing centralized lubrication systems has minimized the grease required for these machines. This helps with maintenance while also improving system cleanliness.
Page 7
• Long life lubricants will help minimize maintance ans system lifetime in an environmentally friendly way. • Smart maintenance solutions controled by the PLC/Automation system will help avoid possible maintenance errors and decrease personnel and maintenance cost. Areas that this will improve include: > Accurate and timley lubrications through the entralized lubrication system. > Regular monitoring of the moving mechanical parts such belt, pulley and gear box systems. > Verifying a clean environment as well as the internal cleaning of the Roller Mill. > Checking the brush and knife settings. > Automatically calibrating and controlling
3
of the all of the electronic systems.
Improving the distribution on feeding rolls: This helps to enhance a more homogenious spread on the rolls. IMAS is in the process of designing these systems to be added to our offerings. This is especially essential on the 1250 dia and 1500 dia Rolls since it harder to maintain a even distribution when comparing them to smaller Rolls.
More information: IMAS North America 4901 Clifton Parkway Hamburg, NY 14075 Phone : +001 (716) 627-4266 E-mail: info@imasnorthamerica.com Web: www.imasnorthamerica.com
4
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
PLC for lubrication control: Roller Mills are lubricated at the centralized lubrication point using a PLC/Automation system. This helps to avoid possible maintenance errors and decrease personnel and maintenance cost.
Page 8
Producing several pet foods in one single extrusion line
Technology. It enables producers to work
number of variations. Large inspection
with several recipes in a customer-focused
hatches and easy-to-clean facilities can be
and cost-effective manner, while at the
built into the entire line, allowing the
same time complying precisely with their
producer to change over to a new product
desired quality and hygiene standards
or recipe with very little effort and with a
within a multi-flexible framework.
strongly reduced down time. Moisture is removed from the production line at several
> Fast and efficient changeover to new products and recipes
locations, limiting ‘product fouling’ and cleaning time to a minimum. The end result is that the Magi-N.ext is an extremely
In developing the Magi-N.ext, Dinnissen
flexible, cost-effective and hygienic
focused on achieving maximum flexibility of
extrusion set up.
the entire extrusion process in order to provide producers with maximum freedom when it comes to combining, varying and switching all the components of their
> Cost efficiency due to minimum loss of production time and energy
production line. The system actually A single extruder line for producing
provides users with the unique possibility of
Magi-N.ext integrates a number of very
economic/basic, premium, and super-
using a single production line to produce
innovative features which enable producers
premium pet foods. That is the concept
economic/basic, premium, and super-
to realize significant savings in terms of
behind Magi-N.ext by Dinnissen Process
premium pet foods in a practically unlimited
energy consumption and production costs
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 9
for pet food. Several innovations have been
level. Not only can recipes be executed
invented by Dinnissen 25 years ago, and
Sifter, making it possible to quickly and
automatically and precisely, but specifica-
we have further developed and innovated
efficiently monitor the quality of even the
tions regarding pretreatment and food
on the concept ever since. This coater allows
very finest micro-components. This also
safety can also be complied with very
for the weighing and dosing of precise
prevents metallic or other hard particles
precisely by maintaining the correct
amounts of fat, liquid and powdered flavour
from damaging the extruder and interfering
residence time in the conditioner. Dinnissen
enhancers, vitamins, enzymes and other
with the production process. The CZ Sifter
Process Technology has also introduced a
additives as well as the exact control of
can be executed in an easy-to-clean design,
very innovative method for drypremixing
various production variables such as
with removable sieves for quick access. The
pigment (in the continuous Pegasus® twin
temperature, pellet mixing speed, and
Magi-N.ext reduces energy consumption
shaft mixer) just before the
product residence time. The end result: an
primarily by recovering heat from the dryer
conditioner/extruder. This method allows
extremely precise and homogeneous
outflow of air and using gravity as an
the user to add pigments very precisely and
distribution of the ingredients throughout
important driver for transport. In addition,
homogeneously via a continuous dosage
the pellet with a great many possibilities for
the precision of the production method,
system. The formation of lumps or undesir-
varying the process at will, without high
which ensures that the product is never
able colours in the extruder is now history,
temperature influence. The vacuum coater
heated or treated any longer than neces-
and producers can now be assured of
is at the top with regards to hygiene
sary, also results in significant energy
uniform colour results. Finally, the continual
standards, with an easy-to-clean design, the
savings.
removal of moisture and vapour throughout
option for removable mixing shafts and
the entire production process helps to
extra-large inspection hatches.
introduced with the aim of limiting downtime and resulting loss of production time to an absolute minimum. The Magi-N.ext hammer mill uses extra thick screen panels with a coarser mesh, which further reduces the risk of damage, while at the same time the Hamex® hammer mill with its extra-wide hammers allows for the realization of an extremely fine sifting result. With the latest developments, the Hamex® hammer mill now also comes with a (semi-)automatic sieve exchanger, which enables the operator to change recipes without having to stop the hammer mill. Before ingredients are allowed to enter the extruder, they are brought into suspension by the rotating blades of Dinnissen’s CZ
> Quality and food safety at the very highest level
ensure that the end product complies with
The application of gravimetric dosage in
> Maximum opportunity for working extremely precisely and homogeneously
combination with automated weighing in the conditioner provides users of the
the strictest standards of hygiene.
Magi-N.ext with a unique method for automatically maintaining optimum product
Within the framework of its Magi-N.ext
residence time (1 to 4 minutes) in the
concept, Dinnissen is also applying its
conditioner. As a result, producers can
famous Pegasus® vacuum coater. The
control and maintain a very constant quality
technology behind vacuum coating was
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 10
Flour fortification with folate: the Germans’ unloved child Dr. Lutz Popper (a) and Michael Gusko (b)1 (a) Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co. KG, Ahrensburg (b) GoodMills Innovation GmbH, Hamburg
> What flour has to do with human dignity
2. The Association of the German Milling
Fifteen years, and over 10,000 severely
Industry (Verband deutscher Mühlen, VDM)
deformed children. Fifteen years of
expressed the view that to dose folate at
suffering and grief. And also fifteen years in
On 8 May 2000 the former Federal Institute
mills would be technically feasible since it
which a multitude of new data have been
for Health Protection of Consumers and
was possible to treat flour very precisely
collected on the efficacy and safety of
Veterinary Medicine (BgVV)2 organized a
with ascorbic acid in any case. The cost of
fortification with folate. So let us give a
public hearing on the fortification of flour
fortifying all basic German flour with folate
current overview of the use of folate in
with folic acid (folate). Prof. Dr. med. R.
would be less than one million EUR a year –
flour.
Großklaus, head of the Institute’s depart-
a fraction of the cost to the economy of
ment for Nutritional Medicine, opened the
treating neural tube defects at that time.
hearing with the following words: “Human
> The present status of flour fortification
dignity and basic human rights should be
3. On the other hand, the German Nutrition
granted to the unborn from the beginning of
Society (DGE) had reservations about
The fortification of wheat flour is prescribed
their existence.”
fortifying staple foods. Its members felt it
by law in 81 countries (FFI, 2014). In most
would be sufficient for all consumers to eat
cases the addition of vitamins and minerals
more fruit and vegetables.
is restricted to iron preparations and folate.
There was no denying the facts: 98% of the
Numerous scientific studies and epidemio-
women and 95% of the men in Germany had an inadequate intake of the vitamin
4. The Study Group of the Consumer
logical surveys have demonstrated the
folate. The associated health risk was
Associations (AgV) commented that only a
benefit of fortifying staple foods even in
pregnancies resulting in severe deformities
minority of pregnant women was affected. It
developed countries. In all cases the few
in the newborn (neural tube defects: spina
would be better to inform women about the
contrary results have been refuted, or
bifida). At the time there were still 800 –
need for folate. The statement was
considerable systematic shortcomings were
1,000 neural tube defects every year (1% of
accompanied by an open threat: “We shall
found in the studies on which they were
all pregnancies).
take action against any mandatory fortifica-
based.
tion.” In Europe, flour is only fortified (with iron)
Representatives of four interested groups Fifteen years have passed since this hearing.
in the United Kingdom. One argument put
Fifteen years in which the consumption of
forward against fortification in Europe is
1. The nutritional physicians felt that
fruit and vegetables has not increased.
loss of the consumer’s freedom of choice as
fortification of flour with folate would have
Fifteen years in which women have not been
a result of mandatory fortification of staple
a beneficial effect on health.
given more information about the preven-
foods. It is also argued that consumers are
tive consumption of folate as a vitamin.
adequately supplied with nutrients, or that
were asked to give their opinions:
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 11
there is even a risk of overdosing if food
etc.) or death of the unborn or newborn
distant. But for the many victims of folate
supplements are consumed at the same
child. In Europe, about one neonate in 1,000
insufficiency in food they mean a drastic
time. A vitamin B12 deficiency is often
births is affected. That does not include
impairment of their quality of life – and one
accompanied by an undersupply of folate;
prematurely aborted foetuses. About
that need not have happened, because it
some 30 percent of all elderly people have
two-thirds of the babies survive, but a
could have been prevented by simple
an inadequate intake of vitamin B12. The
quarter of these are so severely disabled
means.
increased administration of folate through a
that they die within a month (Fig. 1). The
basic food may conceal a vitamin B12
remaining half of the newborn children with
But as we will explain below, our society as
deficiency; this can only be prevented by
neural tube defects are affected to different
a whole is affected – if not because of the
simultaneously fortifying foods with vitamin
degrees. In some cases their life expectancy
sympathy we feel obliged to show, then at
B12. One argument in favour of fortifying
and quality of life are drastically impaired
least because of the considerable cost of
staple foods is that this is the only reliable
(Tab. 1).
making survival possible or easier for the
way to reach financially weak or poorly educated sections of the population.
disabled sufferers. Besides the negative effects of folate deficiency in mothers on the development
> Effects of folate deficiency
> Causes of folate deficiency
of the unborn child there are indications that the quality of the sperm is impaired
It seems unlikely that malformation due to
Folic acid and its salts, the folates, are
too. The effects of folate deficiency
folate deficiency was not filtered out in the
involved in cell division, growth processes
presumably include changes in the number
course of human evolution. So we have to
and protein metabolism. A lack of folate in
of chromosomes. That may result in sterility,
assume that folate deficiency did not start
the blood of expectant mothers can lead to
miscarriages or developmental anomalies
to play a role in man’s development until
severe developmental anomalies in the
caused by the Down syndrome, Turner
fairly recently. One significant reason could
foetus, which may result in reduced
syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome.
be the change in our diet. Although the
intellectual ability or even neural tube
likelihood of a reliable supply of food
defects (NTDs, e.g. an open spinal canal
To those who are not affected, these
became much greater with settlement and
[Spina bifida], Hydrocephalus, Anencephalus
phenomena may seem very abstract and
agriculture, the amount of food necessary to
Fig. 1: Progression tree for neural tube defects (data from the Netherlands; modified from Jentink et al., 2008, with permission)
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 12
Type of lesion
Life expectancy (years)
Quality of life (by age) 0 - 10
Anencephaly, cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral
0 40 72 79
11 - 21
> 21
-
-
-
0.3 0.45 0.83
0.18 0.42 0.73
0.3 0.42 0.79
Tab. 1: Life expectancy and quality of life with NTD (modified from Jentink et al., 2008. 1.0 = full quality of life)
agriculture, the amount of food necessary to
• Coronary heart disease.
maintain our weight has decreased
• Moreover, the mutation increases the
considerably, since modern man no longer
risk of cancer.
has to hunt or collect his food. Folate plays a
folate requirement.
> The necessity of flour fortification in the industrialized countries
major role in cell development processes. In
In order to compensate for the disruption of
the foetus, especially, folate demand for
folate and homocysteine metabolism
these processes is not coupled with energy
caused by the mutation, these persons need
A study in the Netherlands in 2008 revealed
demand. Consequently, a lower nutrient
larger amounts of folate (the vitamin folic
impressively that even in a highly developed
intake may lead to a vitamin deficiency in
acid). Since most of them are unaware of
industrial nation like the Netherlands,
spite of an ample and balanced diet. With
the defect, the requirement can only be met
numerous cases of neural tube defects
145 µg/100 g wet weight, spinach is a
by means of fortified food.
(NTDs) could be prevented by fortifying
vegetable fairly rich in folate. Nevertheless, an adult would have to eat 140 g of spinach
staple foods with folate (Jentink et al., 2008).
> The evolution of skin colour
daily in order to achieve only the recommended daily intake of 200 µg.
> Genetic causes of folate deficiency
This is confirmed in a recent study conducted by Aarhus University, according
Evolution scientists have discovered that
to which the mandatory fortification of
people with a fair skin have less folate in
foods could prevent about 500 NTD cases a
their blood than dark-skinned people.
year in Germany (Obeid et al., 2015).
According to Jablonski and Chaplin (2003),
Taking the total number of births in Europe
that is due to the damaging effect of UV light
(5.5 million p.a.) and the NTD rate (1
Besides the general, diet-related undersup-
on the folic acid level in the blood. For
affected child in 1,000 births) it is possible to
ply of folate there are genetic reasons in a
example, irradiation of blood plasma with
calculate 5,500 NTD cases per year, of which
fairly large section of the population. These
artificial sunlight reduces the folate
2,750 could be prevented by fortification
persons are therefore predisposed to a
concentration of the plasma by half within
(Godfrey, 2014).
deficiency.
an hour. According to evolution scientists, that also explains why the people of sunny
In the USA, flour fortification with folate was
Our chromosomes are the blueprint of life.
Africa have dark skin: in the course of
introduced on a voluntary basis in 1997 and
They contain genes, which are the construc-
evolution, dark skin came about as a
became mandatory in 1999. Since then, a
tion plans for proteins. 5 – 15% of the
protection against UV light and thus the
substantial reduction in the number of NTD
population of Europe have chromosomes
folate reserves in human blood. When men
cases has been reported in all ethnic
3 with certain mutations , of which they are
migrated from Africa and found their way
groups, although prevalence varies
unaware and which disrupt the utilization of
into Asia and Europe, this protection against
considerably between groups for genetic
folate in the body.
UV light was no longer necessary, since UV
reasons or for reasons of diet (Fig. 2).
radiation is less intense in northern regions
Grosse et al. (2005) estimate that in the USA,
than in the south, and northern people also
1,000 cases of NTD annually are prevented
had more protection in the form of clothing.
by flour fortification.
The persons affected have an increased risk of: • Neural tube defects (spinal cord
The evolutionary pressure to form pigment
malformation),
therefore ceased. It may be that today’s
• Psychiatric disorders such as schizophre-
trend towards scanty clothing and sunbath-
nia and depression, and also
ing is partly responsible for our increased
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 13
Fig. 2: Prevalence of NTDs before and after mandatory folic acid fortification, U.S.A., 1995–2011 (Williams et al., 2015)
> Cost to the economy Every single NTD case costs the European
Cost type Thoracic
economy an average of a quarter of a
Total hospital care
million EUR. This is the sum Jentink et al.
Travel and parking costs for parents
calculated in their report of 2008 based on data from the Netherlands. He includes stillborn babies and cases in which the
Type of lesion
Physiotherapy Wheelchair
Lumbar
Sacral
61,203
63,207
58,955
293
278
249
128,139
89,027
237,193
7,593
9,400
923
children fail to survive the first month of
House adaptations
28,462
51,815
their life. Tab. 2 does not show these cases,
Special education
96,768
89,026
which explains the higher sums. In addition
Productivity loss
112,782
112,782
-
Total
435,239
541,891
351,509
to the direct cost of health care, the costs include extra expenditure on aids to coping with everyday life, such as a wheelchair, the
54,190
Tab. 2: Lifetime costs per child with NTD (modified from Jentink et al., 2008)
cost of special education and the indirect costs resulting from lower productivity in working life as compared to healthy adults.
births are based on the official national
EUR. If global wheat flour consumption is
statistics.
assumed to be 460 million tonnes p.a.
With these figures the author estimates the
(from 700 million tonnes of flour), the cost
cost in various randomly selected areas
Although the lifetime costs in China and
of fortifying the total amount of flour with
(Tab. 3). Whereas the amount of the lifetime
India were estimated to be only about
the recommended dose of folate would be
costs is an estimate – it is much lower in
one-tenth of the costs in Europe, the total
only about 90 million4 EUR. That would
countries like China or India than in Europe
cost to the economies of the EU, India and
prevent about half of the NTD cases and
– the incidence of NTD and the number of
China together can be calculated as 3 billion
result in a saving of 1.5 billion EUR.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 14
The evaluation carried out by Williams et al. (2015) on the basis of real data from the USA calculates the annual saving resulting from fortification with
> Consequences of an overdose Opponents of mandatory fortification of staple foods often allege that the simultane-
Tab. 3: Cost of NTD cases to the economy in selected countries (status at 2013)
ous consumption of voluntarily fortified
Italics: estimated cost
foods or food supplements might result in an overdose, with damaging effects on health.
Per capita consumption or intake
Quantity
Unit
Bread and pastry goods in Germany
84 kg/year
folate to flour is still far below the optimum
Approx. flour consumption is therefore
50 kg/year
dosage which would be desirable from the
Daily flour consumption
medical point of view. It is only intended to
Recommended fortification of flour with folate
2 g/t (ppm)
Folate per gram is therefore
2 µg/g
However, the recommended addition of
achieve a folic acid intake of about 150 - 200 µg/day. A desirable level would be 400 µg/day, and as much as 800 µg/day for
137 g/day
Folate per day
274 µg/day
women prior to conception. Tab. 4: Calculation of average folate consumption per person and day through fortification of flour For decades, women in the USA have been
with 2 ppm folate.
given 1,000 µg in the context of pre-natal care. For therapeutic and preventive purposes, as much as 5,000 – 50,000 µg/day have been used without detrimental effects
These findings rather surprised us, since
micronutrients are diluted with suitable
on health (Oakley, 2014).
cancer is a very fast-growing tissue which
carriers to concentrations that can be dosed
might be assumed to have a higher vitamin
accurately. For continuous addition by
We may conclude from this that the general
requirement – meaning that an increased
means of micro-metering devices at the mill,
fortification of flour with 2 ppm folate is a
vitamin intake in general might conceivably
the dosage is usually set to 100 to 250 ppm
very safe measure, since it only represents
promote it.
(grams per tonne of flour). The technique used does not differ from the usual
an intake of 274 µg of folic acid per person and day at an annual consumption of about
> Technical requirements
50 kg of flour (Tab. 4). The fairly consider-
procedure for adding other microcomponents such as ascorbic acid. To
able losses resulting from storage and
The technical process of fortification
ensure even distribution in the flour, the
processing are not taken into account in
presents no problem in the case of most
products should be introduced from the
these calculations.
micronutrients, and their addition does not
metering devices at least four metres before
usually have any negative effects on product
the end of the collecting screw conveyor.
Epidemiological surveys in den USA reveal a
quality. Problems, if any, may occur with
Alternatively, batch mixers can be used, but
steady decrease in the number of deaths
quality control, since it is difficult to detect
then it is advisable to dilute the micronutri-
among women from nearly all types of
some micronutrients in flour because of
ents further to the factor 1/10 in order to
cancer (except lung cancer), also continuing
their low concentration and the presence of
ensure homogeneous distribution.
since mandatory fortification of flour with
interfering substances. Folate, and
folate was introduced in 1999 (Fig. 3). A
especially, cyanocobalamine (vitamin B12),
potential connection between fortification
are added in very small amounts, and their
and certain forms of bowel cancer was also
detection is therefore subject to uncertainty.
Whereas minerals lose little of their efficacy through preparation of the food, vitamins
disproved (Bayston et al., 2007). Because of the small amounts added, most
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
> Stability
may be impaired by physical or chemical
Page 15
our own behaviour, although education and previous experience play a major role in this connection. Those opposed to fortification further argue that it would restrict the fundamental right to self-determination. This argument would seem cynical in the extreme, since unborn children are not asked whether they wish to be born without a brain or live with severely and permanently impaired health. Is the right to physical integrity so much less important? This is a question we should all ask ourselves – irrespective of the monetary costs, which are the main focus of this article. Fig. 3: Death rates among women from various forms of cancer, U.S.A., 1930-2009. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Oakley, 2014)
effects at all stages of processing.
reports based on years of experience in
The activity of a vitamin is already reduced
many parts of the world which show that no
during storage of the preparation and in the
negative effects on consumer health are to
fortified flour. Vitamin preparations are
be expected following the addition of folate
therefore sold at a slightly higher concentra-
to flour. Moreover, several studies such as
tion than specified in order to ensure their
that by Jentink et al. (2008) have shown that
efficacy up to the end of the stated
a large number of avoidable NTD cases
maximum shelf-life. The amount added to
occur even in highly developed industrial
the flour must then take the usual storage
countries, and that fortification is therefore
time of the flour into account, which means
advisable for medical reasons in these
- The fortification of staple foods like flour
it may have to be somewhat higher.
countries too.
with folate makes sense from both the
Most flour is processed further by thermal
It is often argued that women can be given
- The cost of fortification is only a fraction
methods. The approximate losses of folic
preventive folate preparations by their
of the economic benefit.
acid caused by thermal stress are shown in
doctors, which means that not all consum-
- The addition of micronutrients presents
Tab. 5. It can be seen from the table that
ers would be obliged to take in additional
no technical problems.
baking, for example, causes a maximum
folate. But it is often forgotten that scarcely
- Micronutrients like folate have no effect
loss of half of the vitamin.
half of all pregnancies are planned
on product quality.
(Whiteford, 2014). Moreover, it is necessary
- Politically, it is still difficult to enforce
to take the preparations 6 – 8 weeks before
mandatory fortification in Europe.
Tab. 5: Folic acid losses in wheat products
> Summary
economic and the medical point of view.
> Political opposition to flour fortification
conception in order to achieve an adequate concentration in the blood. The planning
In the past, the reasons given for opposing
required for a preventive intake of folate
fortification were mainly medical, or it was
assumes that all the persons concerned
argued that in Europe, all sections of the
understand the problem. But the average
population had a reliable supply of food
consumer does not usually start to think
containing the necessary vitamins. In the
about problems until they occur. All of us
meantime, however, we have numerous
who are honest enough can see that from
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 16
> Footnotes:
Benefits of Folic Acid Fortification in the
association of folate, zinc and antioxidant
United States: Economic Analysis, Regula-
intake with sperm aneuploidy in healthy
1
tion, and Public Health. American J. Public
non-smoking men. Human Reproduction.
Health 95, 1917-1922
23(5), 1014-1022
Translation of an article published in
Mühle + Mischfutter 152(17), p. 544-548 on September 3, 2015
Nina G. Jablonski, N.G., and Chaplin, G., 2
The Federal Institute for Health Protection
of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine
2003. Die Evolution der Hautfarben. Spektrum der Wissenschaft 6, 38-44
(BgVV) with its headquarters in Berlin was a superior federal authority established in
Jentink, J., van de Vrie-Hoekstra, N.W., de
1994 when the Federal Health Office was
Jong-van den Berg, L.T.W., and Postma, M.J.,
dissolved. In November 2002 the Institute
2008. Economic evaluation of folic acid food
was also dissolved; the greater part of it was
fortification in The Netherlands. European J.
absorbed into the Federal Institute for Risk
Public Health 18(3), 270-274
Assessment (BfR) and a smaller part into the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and
Oakley, G.P. Jr., 2014. Accelerating the pace
Food Safety (BVL).
of preventing Spina bifida F and Anencephaly F. European Teratology
3
Deviations in the nucleotide sequence of
Congress, Sept. 2014, Hamburg, Germany
the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) caused by mutation are called polymorphisms. They
Obeid, R., Oexle, K., Rißmann, A., Pietrzik, K.,
are one of the factors responsible for
and Koletzko, B., 2015. Folate status and
metabolic disorders. As we have said, 5 –
health: challenges and opportunities. J.
15% of the population of Europe, for
Perinatal Medicine. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2014-
example, are affected by a homozygotic (i.e.
0346
inherited from both parents) single-
Whiteford, M.L., 2014. The impact of Spina
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene
bifida on individuals, families and society.
for the enzyme
European Teratology Congress, Sept. 2014,
5,10-methylentetrahydrofolate reductase
Hamburg, Germany
(C677T mutation). This causes reduced enzymatic activity, which inhibits the
WHO (World Health Organization), 2015.
utilization of folate in the body. This
Optimal serum and red blood cell folate
mutation is also termed MTHFR C677T
concentrations in women of reproductive
polymorphism.
age for prevention of neural tube defects. Richtilinie. ISBN: 978 92 4 154904 2.
4
Because of a bottleneck in folate produc-
Download unter
tion, the cost is currently a little higher than
www.who.int/nutrition/publications/
at the time the text was written.
guidelines/optimalserum_rbc_womenrep_tu bedefects/en/
> References Williams, J., Mai, C.T., Mulinare, J., Isenburg, Bayston, R., Russell, A., Wald, N.J. and
J., Flood, T.J., Ethen, M., Frohnert, B., and
Hoffbrand, A.V., 2007. Folic acid fortification
Kirby, R.S. , 2015. Updated Estimates of
and cancer risk. The Lancet 370, 2004
Neural Tube Defects Prevented by Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification - United States,
FFI, 2014.
1995-2011. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality
www.ffinetwork.org/global_progress/index.php
Weekly Report 64(1), 1-5
Grosse, S.D., Waitzman, N.J., Romano, P.S.,
Young, S.S., Eskenazi, B., Marchetti, F.M.,
and Mulinare, J., 2005. Reevaluating the
Block, G., and Wyrobek, A.J., 2008. The
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2016
Page 17
Figure 2. Thermoshaker
Events in detail January MVC: Cereals-Mixed Feed Veterinary – 2016 26-28th January Russia www.mvc-expohleb.ru 2016 International Production and Processing Expo 26-28th January USA www.ippexpo.com/ February VIV MEA 2016 15-17th February UAE www.vivmea.nl/en/Bezoeker.aspx GEAPS Exchange 2016 27th February -1st March USA www.geaps.com/exchange/ March AFMA Forum 2016 " Feeding the Future" 1-3rd March South Africa www.afmaforum.co.za. Victam Asia 29-31st March Thailand www.Victam.com April 120th IAOM Annual Conference & Expo 4-8th April USA www.iaom.info 15th ICC Cereal and Bread Congress 17-21st April Turkey www.icc.or.at
Global Milling Advances / November Issue 2015
http://aquaculturedirectory.co.http://globalmilling.com/wp Click this link to download our events planner today and -content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=13. keep up to date with the latest industry meetings php?id=21 2016 year planner
5th Global Feed & Food Congress 2016 18-20th April Turkey www.gffc2016.com
67th JTIC International 9-10th November France www.jtic.eu
9th International Feed Regulators Meeting (IFRM) 21 April 2016 Turkey www.ifif.org
Eurotier 2016 15-18th November Germany www.eurotier.com
XXVII The European Feed Manufacturers Federation FEFAC Congress 21-22nd April Turkey www.fefac.eu May Food Ingredients Istanbul 2016 4-6th May Turkey http://www.figlobal.com/istanbul/home PIX / AMC 2016 - Australian Milling Conference 29- 31st May Australia www.sfmca.com.au/events/516/ June Cereals 2016 15-16th June UK www.cerealsevent.co.uk August GrainTech India 2016 26-28th August India www.graintechindia.com/ November CICFO Grain 2016, CIFCO Feed 2016, CGOF 2016 4-6 November China www.cicfo.com
Page 19
Global Milling Yearplanner
A milling industy resource. Global Milling Yearplanner is a useful listing of all major industry events for the year ahead, perfect for planning your shows and travels, available for free from Nisa Media.
Download for free from
www.globalmilling.com
YOUR INDUSTRY DIRECTORY Your milling resource. Global Milling is a new reference source for the Grain, Feed, Flour, Cereals, Rice and Pasta industries. Covering all aspects from equipment to raw materials and including all suppliers and manufacturers working within the industry. Bringing you the latest up-to-date relevant news, upcoming industry events and more.
Company A-Z Categories and companies Products & Services Free to read!
Keep up to date with Global Milling
www.globalmilling.com