T H E S I N G U L A R C O L L E C T I V E PA R T I I INTER-GEN: HOUSING DIVERSITY AND THE CITY
LIVERPOOL ART STUDENT RESIDENCY
SANG DUONG 2017
Nakagin Capsule Tower Interior - http://nakagintower.tumblr.com/page/2
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Tokyo City - http://geography.name/tokyo/
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CONTENTS Overview
007
Demographic Analysis
009
Precedent Study Series 1
015
Precedent Study Series 2
033
Precedent Study Series 3
059
Typological Analysis
93
Model Housing Apartments
103
Scale of the City
113
Scale of the Building
127
Scale of the Unit
145
Bibliography
161
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OVERVIEW The issues this studio seeks to investigate addresses the disjunction in multi-residential housing production; between the dominant two or three bedroom apartment based around the Modern family since the early 20th century, and the inadequacy of these housing structures in the context of the 21st century's diversifying demographic where the definition of a family is multi-faceted. This disjunction is then framed within the discourse of architecture to pose specific questions. How can architecture operate across different scales, and to reconfigure spatial qualities to experiment within the housing situation? This research is further analysed when situated within the site of Liverpool.
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DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS The demographic of housing structures in Liverpool show a recent rise in the independant youth who are aged between 20-35. This is a result of younger people moving out of their parents house and the affordability issue pushing lower income groups further out from central Sydney. The target group is art students renting units. There is need for sufficient art facilities for art students outside of the institutions. With the advent of a new fast-rail link from the city to Liverpool, a new arts facility would act as an annex to the three major art schools. A new arts facility for students would cater for a space for the production of work, social interaction, and public engagement. The project postulates the potential for the implementation of an art centre within Liverpool. The housing is thought of as facilitating an artist in residence for over 500 art students. It also explores how the city centre would transform for both the resident and public.
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Sydney Affordability Map Independent Youth Purchasing a Unit -90%
-70%
-50%
-30% Liverpool
-10% % of monetary gap between gross income and the income required to purchase a unit.
Sydnery Affordability Map Independent Youth Renting a Unit 60%
40%
30%
25%
20% Liverpool 15% or Less
No Data % of income spent on rent.
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Liverpool Household Structures
2.0% Elderly Families (over 65) 2.8% Elderly Couples (over 65) 25.2% Independent Youth (20-35)
5.5% Young Families (20-35)
18.4% Maturing & Established Independence (35-54)
7.9% Elderly Singles (over 65)
11.3% Established Couples & Families (45-54)
8.0% Older Independence (55-64) 9.2% Maturing Couples & Families (35-54)
There is a growing population of lone people living alone between the ages of 20 and 35 in the Liverpool area. This reflects growing trends in young people moving out of their parents house and the affordability issue pushing this demographic out towards western Sydney. The growth of this housing structure is projected to increase significantly into the future.
9.8% Older Couples & Families (55-64)
Sydney Art Centres and Institutions - A majority of the art institutions are located within the inner city. - Recent negotiations within art institutions are putting pressure on the avalibility of amenities for art students within the school. UNSW Art & Design National Art School Sydney College of the Arts
Liverpool
- There is a need for an art centre focussed on providing amenity for art students. There is potential for an artist in residence program for large numbers of art students in western suburbs of Sydney.
Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre
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RENTAL AFFORDABILITY CRISIS
92% 78%
MORE THAN
30% Sydney No affordable and available housing for independent youth to purchase in Sydney.
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The average low income earner spending more than 30% of their income on rent is at risk of rental stress.
Rental stress affects this demographic’s daily life as little money is left over for essentials.
National Average
Sydney’s rental stress for low income earners is higher than the national average as shown in the 2016 study by Anglicare Sydney. Rental stress affects their accessibility to utilities, health, transport, and educational resources.
BIASSOCIATION OF RENTAL AFFORDABILITY AND SYDNEY ART SCHOOLS
60% 40% 30% 25% NS W
20%
t& Ar
e lleg Co ey dn
Sy No Data
e of th
% of income spent on rent.
Arts
chool l Art S iona Nat the nd na sig De
15% or Less
Liverpool
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PRECEDENT STUDIES SERIES 1 The precedent studies look at a range of single bedroom apartments. These buildings are situated within an urban setting where the city provides a range of outsourced amenities. The organisation of these buildings relates to its context at the scale of the building, and the scale of the individual unit. This series of precedent studies explores the diversity of housing the single person. These precedents range from different sizes and spread of amenity. The diagrammatic mapping of domestic activities through the arrangement of amenities reveals how these different unit configurations are related to different scales. The domestic domain is found to be sourced and outsourced to the scale of the individual unit, building, and the city.
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Baublock Platenstrasse Bernhard Hermkes (1930) FRANKFURT
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
BUILDING
L
INDIVIDUAL
K ST B
BA
S
R
Baublock Platenstrasse Bernhard Hermkes (1930) FRANKFURT B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Aalto-Hochhaus Alvar Aalto (1961) BREMEN
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
BUILDING INDIVIDUAL
L
B
K
R
ST
Aalto-Hochhaus Alvar Aalto (1961) BREMEN B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
TR
BA
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Kadokko [Atelier Bow Wow] (c.2001) Tokyo
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
BUILDING
L
R
INDI
VIDUAL
C B Ba
TR
Kadokko [Atelier Bow Wow] (c.2001) Tokyo B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Funabashi Apartment Building Ryue Nishizawa (2004) TOKYO
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
BUILDING
INDI
VIDUAL
TR B
L
VOID
BA
K
C
Funabashi Apartment Building Ryue Nishizawa (2004) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Domestic Transformer Edge Design Institute (2007) HONG KONG
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
BUILDING Bar
INDIVIDUAL
K
B ST
C L
L
BA
R
TR
Domestic Transformer Edge Design Institute (2007) HONG KONG B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Tiny Apartment Kitiko Studio (2014) PARIS
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
C
BUILDING
INDI
Bar
VIDUAL
B
BA
ST L
S
R
TR
Tiny Apartment Kitiko Studio (2014) PARIS B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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PISO Salva46 Studio P10 (2014) BARCELONA
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
INDIVIDUAL
Bar
P
B
K
BA L ST
R
TR
PISO Salva46 Studio P10 (2014) BARCELONA B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Clara Cabin [Harvard Students] (2015) BOSTON
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0 2m FLOOR PLAN AND BUILDING LOCALITY PLAN
C IT Y
P
INDIVIDUAL
ST B
L
K BA
Clara Cabin [Harvard Students] (2015) BOSTON B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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PRECEDENT STUDIES SERIES 2 The precedent studies look at a range of single bedroom apartments. These buildings are situated within an urban setting where the city provides a range of outsourced amenities. The organisation of these buildings relates to its context at the scale of the building, and the scale of the individual unit. This series of precedent studies questions the function of communal spaces within the building as a way to inform the amenities within the building. WeiĂ&#x;e Stadt clusters two and three bedroom apartments with communal facilities. White U arranges amenity by daily routine, with the more private spaces positioned at the ends of this linear arrangement. Pao 2 explores the extremes of living within a public space, being a transparent room suspended in a shopping centre in which it appropriates amenities from. Moriyama distributes amenities around an open courtyard where the boundaries of each unit are overlapped. These precedents inform spatial arrangements in the design and its impact on social interactions.
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Weiße Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN
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FLOOR PLAN 1:500
WeiÃ&#x;e Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
GA RD EN
ING LIV
WeiÃ&#x;e Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
WeiÃ&#x;e Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Figure 01 Weiße Stadt Exterior
Figure 02 Weiße Stadt Master Plan
Weiße Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN
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C IT Y
BUILDING
IND
T
IVIDUAL
B
ST
L
BA
WeiÃ&#x;e Stadt O.M. Ungers (1964) BERLIN B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
K
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO
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FLOOR PLAN 1:250
White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
GA RD EN
ING LIV
White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Figure 03 White U Exterior
Figure 04 White U Interior
White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO
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AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
C IT Y
INDIVIDUAL
BA
S
B
ST B K
G BA ST R
L
TR
White U Toyo Ito (1976) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO
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FLOOR PLAN 1:100
Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
GA RD EN
ING LIV
Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Figure 05 Pao 2 Exterior
Figure 06 Pao 2 Interior
Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO
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AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
C IT Y
BUILDING
R
TR INDI
VIDUAL
L
B
R
R
BA
P
Pao 2 Toyo Ito (1989) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO
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FLOOR PLAN 1:250
Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
GA RD EN
ING LIV
Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Figure 07 Moriyama House Exterior
Figure 08 Moriyama House Interior
Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO
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C IT Y
BUILDING
K
INDI
VIDUAL
B
BA
L
BA
G
K TR
L
Moriyama House SANAA (2005) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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PRECEDENT STUDIES SERIES 3 The precedent studies look at a range of single bedroom apartments. These buildings are situated within an urban setting where the city provides a range of outsourced amenities. The organisation of these buildings relates to its context at the scale of the building, and the scale of the individual unit. This series of precedent studies looks at compact units and how they are spatially arranged. Nakagin Capsule tower comprises of compact modular units. EDA Apartments arranges its apartments around voids. Darlinghurst Apartment utilises joinery to transform the space. Carmel Place provides a range of communal facilities to outsource amenity from the compact apartments. These precedents set a spatial mapping across different scales that will inform the design process.
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Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
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FLOOR PLAN 1:250
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
ING LIV
GA RD EN
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Building Interior Parcel PRIVATE SPACE
COLLECTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
LATITUDINAL SECTION
TYPICAL FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
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C IT Y
R
BUILDING
INDI
S C
p
VIDUAL
B
St
L Ba
BALCONY R
TR
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Figure 09 Nakagin Capsule Tower Exterior
Figure 10 Nakagin Capsule Tower Interior
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO
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NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER Located
in
Tokyo
surrounded by restaurants and a busy business district. The apartments are elevated above the ground with an open street-level space, retail and office space. The two towers are linked by three balconies, providing every three floors of apartments access to the outside. The capsule apartments are designed to utilise the limited space effectively, with built-in furniture and a compact bathroom.
INSOURCED
S
ST
BA
B
COMMUNAL
CI
L
OUTSOURCED
TR P BAR
C
R
Nakagin Capsule Tower Kisho Kurokawa (1972) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
GR
AMENITY DISTRIBUTION
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
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FLOOR PLAN 1:1000
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
ING LIV
GA RD EN
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
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Building Interior Parcel PRIVATE SPACE
COLLECTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
TYPICAL FLOOR
LATITUDINAL SECTION
GROUND FLOOR
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
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C IT Y
BUILDING G INDIVIDUAL
G
B K
BA T
G
S L L
ST R
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Figure 11 EDA Apartments Exterior
Figure 12 EDA Apartments Interior
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO
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EDA APARTMENTS Located in Tokyo with an abundance of outsourced amenities. The apartments are lifted off the ground plane to open up a large public space that links to the train station. These apartments are arranged with voids in between a group of apartments that provide them light and air.
INSOURCED
S
L
BA
K
B
COMMUNAL
CI
ST
G
OUTSOURCED
TR
P
BAR C
R
EDA Apartments Ryue Nishizawa (2002-in progress) TOKYO B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
GR
AMENITY DISTRIBUTION
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
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Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
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FLOOR PLAN 1:100
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
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BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
ING LIV
GA RD EN
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
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0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
79
Building Interior Parcel PRIVATE SPACE
COLLECTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
TYPICAL FLOOR LATITUDINAL SECTION
GROUND FLOOR
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
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C IT Y
INDIVIDUAL
R TR B
ST
BA
L
S K
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
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Figure 13 Darlinghurst Apartment Exterior
Figure 14 Darlinghurst Apartment Interior
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY
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DARLINGHURST APARTMENT Located in Sydney neighbouring lane ways and streets lined with bars, cafes and boutique retail stores. This apartment renovation makes efficient use of the 27sqm floor space using joinery to divide and organise space.
INSOURCED
ST
S
L
BA
K
B
COMMUNAL
CI
OUTSOURCED
TR
P
BAR
C
Darlinghurst Apartment Brad Swartz (2014) SYDNEY B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
R
GR
AMENITY DISTRIBUTION
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
83
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
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FLOOR PLAN 1:500
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
0 10m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
85
BEDROOM
BATH ROO M
RAGE STO
ST UD Y
N HE TC KI
ING LIV
GA RD EN
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
86
0 5m HIERARCHY OF SPACES THROUGH ROUTINE
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
0 100m DYNAMIC BOUNDARY OF DOMESTICITY
87
Building Interior Parcel PRIVATE SPACE
COLLECTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
LATITUDINAL SECTION
TYPICAL FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
88
C IT Y
BUILDING
INDIVIDUAL
TR GYM
B
P
L C K
ST BA
S
R
Bar
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
89
Figure 15 Carmel Place Exterior
Figure 16 Carmel Place Interior
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK
90
CARMEL PLACE Located in New York adjacent a park and an abundance of amenities within the urban block. The apartments sit atop a public floor comprised of retail and a gym, with a separate entrance on the side for residents. The compact apartments are arranged within a larger complex where communal facilities are outsourced from the individual rooms; with study spaces, extra storage space, and a rooftop leisure space.
INSOURCED
L
BA
K
B
COMMUNAL
CI
ST
G
L
OUTSOURCED
TR
P
BAR C
R
Carmel Place (MY Micro NY) nARCHITECTS (2016) NEW YORK B:BEDROOM
BA:BATHROOM
L:LIVING
K:KITCHEN
GR
AMENITY DISTRIBUTION
S:STUDY ST:STORAGE G:GARDEN CI:CIRCULATION TR:TRANSPORT GR:GROCERY R:RESTAURANT P:PARK BAR:BAR C:CAFE
91
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TYPOLOGICAL STUDY In addition to the precedent studies, the typological studies explore different configurations of apartments and how they are connected. The precedent analysis found that having less amenity in the apartment relates to being forced into the city for what it can provide. However, this may highten the issues of loneliness and isolation for the lone person household. Corbusier’s Unite d’habitation is taken as an exemplar of an apartment tower. Analysing the skip-stop circulation type and its variants will inform the connections between the different scales the building operates at.
93
Unite d’Habitation Le Corbusier (1952) MARSEILLE
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0 20m BUILDING AXONOMETRIC
Unite d’Habitation Le Corbusier (1952) MARSEILLE
0 20m SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
95
Figure 17 Unite d’Habitation Exterior
Figure 18 Unite d’Habitation Interior
Unite d’Habitation Le Corbusier (1952) MARSEILLE
96
Unite d’Habitation Le Corbusier (1952) MARSEILLE
0 10m DOUBLE LOADED SKIP STOP SECTION
97
Figure 19 Cooper Union Exterior
Figure 20 Cooper Union Internal Void
Cooper Union Morphosis (2006) NEW YORK
98
Cooper Union Morphosis (2006) NEW YORK
BRANCHING STAIRS FROM SKIP STOP
99
Figure 21 Peabody Terrace Exterior
Figure 22 Peabody Terrace Interior
Peabody Terrace Sert, Jackson & Gourley (1964) CAMBRIDGE
100
Peabody Terrace Sert, Jackson & Gourley (1964) CAMBRIDGE
THREE STOREY UNIT AROUND SINGLE LOADED SKIP STOP
101
102
MODEL HOUSING APARTMENTS The model buildings compare the structures of student housing and co-operative living arrangements. Student housing is commonly organised around an efficient economic model. These apartment rooms are smaller than average apartment rooms and are clustered around communal spaces. Co-operative Housing structures are also organised around clusters with shared amenities. However, they often link together clusters in providing more communal spaces at the scale of the building to cross interact and act as small neighbourhoods. Kraftwerk is an example where the clusters are connected by a wide balcony that also serves as secondary exterior circulation. These wider balconies become the communal spaces for intimacy and care through connecting people.
103
Figure 23 Urbanest South Bank Exterior
Figure 24 Urbanest South Bank Common Space
Urbanest South Bank COX Architects (2009) BRISBANE
104
Urbanest South Bank COX Architects (2009) BRISBANE
0 5m TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
105
Figure 25 Kraftwerk Exterior
Figure 26 Kraftwerk Balcony
Kraftwerk Adrian Streich (2011) ZĂœRICH
106
Kraftwerk Adrian Streich (2011) ZÃœRICH
0 5m TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
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CO-OPERATIVE LIVING STRUCTURES
THE BOARD is elected by the co-op’s memebers Governs the co-op’s affairs
CO-OP MEMBERS Live in the co-op Elect the board of directors Aprove the annual budget Set policy
STAFF Is hired by the board Is responsible for the day-to-day Managemnet of the co-op
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BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS FOR PROPOSAL
KEY PARTNERS
KEY ACTIVITIES
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS Communities Democratic Structure Self Service
Providing Public Networks Ownership and Operation Affordable Housing Construction
VALUE PROPOSITIONS Affordability
Liverpool City Council UNSW Art & Design
KEY RESOURCES
CUSTOMER SEGMENTS
Self Direction
Current Art Students
Cooperation
Art School Graduates
Space For the Production of Work
Emerging Artists
National Art School
Social Interaction
Sydney College of the Arts
Public Engagement
City West Housing
CHANNELS Art Communities
Art Galleries
Universities
Housing
Housing Developer
COST STRUCTURE
REVENUE STREAMS
Affordable Student Housing
Rent
Based on Student Income
Universitiy Housing Support
Supply and Demand
Government and Local Council Art and Culturl Funding
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VALUE PROPOSITION CANVAS FOR PROPOSAL BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE
Embedded within the Urban Context
Affordable
GAIN CREATORS
More oppurtunities for collaboration and chance encounters
SERVICES PROVIDED
Space for common interests and equal opportunities
Housing model that blurs boundaries across different boundaries PAIN RELIEVERS
Vibrant City Life in Liverpool
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More space for Art Making
VALUE PROPOSITION CANVAS FOR PROPOSAL RESIDENT’S PERSPECTIVE
Cost Savings
GAINS
Desire for Liveability
Self Organised Cleaing Duties Learning
Create, Live Work, Socialise
CUSTOMER JOBS
Conflict within the building Distance from Inner Sydney City Engagement with Public
PAINS
Cleaning up after others mess
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SCALE OF THE CITY Liverpool provides a range of facilities within its urban centre. Many of these amenities can facilitate an outsourced domesticity for the inhabitants. As a cultural and arts centre, the building conversely provides the city with a distributed program for urban renewal. Gallery opening nights spread across 11 buildings creates a significant event for monthly social gatherings. The existing ecology of cafes and restaurants will benefit from such events. The 11 towers act as urban wall buildings, reinstating the urban block form of Liverpool. It also reclaims parts of Liverpool for the people, opening up oportunities for more cafes and restaurants to open in between the towers.
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1943 AERIAL OF LIVERPOOL 114
0
54
200m LIVERPOOL FIGURE GROUND 115
Apex Park
Westfield
Bigge Park
Liverpool Transport Interchange 0
116
200m OUTSOURCED AMENITIES 55
2017 AERIAL OF LIVERPOOL 117
1 6
2 3
7
4
5
8
9
10
11
0 200m SITES FOR URBAN BLOCK REINSTATEMENT 118
0
200m FOCUS SITE 119
AMENITY BUBBLE DIAGRAM
CITY
Bars
BUILDING
Transport
Grocery INDIVIDUAL
Bedroom Kitchen Garden Cafes
Storage
Dining Bathroom
Parks
Living Lobby Mailbox Work Space
Art Gallery
Convenience Store Restaurants
120
0
50m FOCUS SITE 121
0
122
20m LONGITUDINAL SECTION
0
20m LONGITUDINAL SECTION 123
124
125
126
SCALE OF THE BUILDING The units are limited in amenity such as the lack of a kitchen as to promote the use of outside facilities in Liverpool. Communal facilities provide an alternate space for domestic activities such as cooking and laundry. These communal facilities extract certain amenities from the individual units and spreads them across the building. To further emphasise on the building as a space for social interaction, the units are open to the corridor. The lack of a front door, or even a front wall facing the corridor blurs the boundaries of ownership of spaces. The open floor is a space for the production of work and chance encounters.
127
0 5m LONGITUDINAL SECTION 128
0 5m LATITUDINAL SECTION 129
0 5m GROUND FLOOR PLAN 130
0
5m 4TH FLOOR PLAN 131
0
132
5m 5TH FLOOR PLAN
0
5m 6TH FOOR PLAN 133
SHARED SPACES AND CIRCULATION
134
135
136
137
138
139
TRANSFORMING SPACES The common floor space can be transformed using bi-fold wall dividers. This accommodates for different purposes. The final assessment rush scenario uses the whole floor as a large open space where the work spaces of unit clusters bleed into the corridor and overlap each other. The end of semester party scenario implements a long table down the corridor made up of individual tables. The group assignment scenario compartmentalises the spaces for more intimate encounters.
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0 5m COMMON FLOOR FINAL ASSESSMENT RUSH SCENARIO 141
0 5m COMMON FLOOR END OF SEMESTER SCENARIO 142
0 5m COMMON FLOOR GROUP ASSIGNMENT SCENARIO 143
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SCALE OF THE UNIT The units are configured in relation to the findings of the precedent studies and typological studies. Multiple bedrooms are consolidated into a larger unit where the internal amenities of the unit are shared. Bedrooms, Bathrooms, and living spaces are located on floors alternate to the corridor floor. This organises the unit by privacy, with the work spaces at the front of the unit, connected to the corridor.
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4TH FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
146
Building Interior Parcel PRIVATE SPACE
COLLECTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
6TH FLOOR
5TH FLOOR
147
UNIT TYPE-A MASSING AND CIRCULATION
148
0
5m UNIT TYPE-A PLAN 149
UNIT TYPE-B MASSING AND CIRCULATION
150
0
5m UNIT TYPE-B PLAN 151
UNIT TYPE-C MASSING AND CIRCULATION
152
0
5m UNIT TYPE-C PLAN 153
UNIT TYPE-D MASSING AND CIRCULATION
154
0
5m UNIT TYPE-D PLAN 155
UNIT TYPE-E MASSING AND CIRCULATION
156
0
5m UNIT TYPE-E PLAN 157
158
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IMAGE REFERENCES Nakagin Capsule Tower Interior - http://nakagintower.tumblr.com/page/2 Tokyo City - http://geography.name/tokyo/ Figure 01 Weiße Stadt Exterior http://socks-studio.com/2014/02/05/the-neue-stadt-of-koln-1961-1964-by-o-m-ungers/ Figure 02 Weiße Stadt Master Plan http://socks-studio.com/2014/02/05/the-neue-stadt-of-koln-1961-1964-by-o-m-ungers/ Figure 03 White U Exterior http://www.archdaily.com/345857/ad-classics-white-u-toyo-ito Figure 04 White U Interior http://openbuildings.com/buildings/white-u-profile-43390 Figure 05 Pao 2 Exterior http://socks-studio.com/2016/02/07/pao-dwellings-for-the-tokyo-nomad-woman-by-toyo-ito-198 5-and-1989/ Figure 06 Pao 2 Interior http://lowellintheworld.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/nomadism.html Figure 07 Moriyama House Exterior http://iwan.com/projects/sanaa-moriyama-houses-tokyo/ Figure 08 Moriyama House Interior https://likemyplace.wordpress.com/2014/04/15/density-inspiring-housing-tokyo-moriyama-hous e-by-ryue-nishizawa-sanaa/ Figure 09 Nakagin Capsule Tower Exterior https://au.pinterest.com/pin/569001734141800568/ Figure 10 Nakagin Capsule Tower Interior https://www.failedarchitecture.com/nakagin-capsule-tower-shimbashi-tokyo/ Figure 11 EDA Apartments Exterior https://au.pinterest.com/pin/48132289741943602/ Figure 12 EDA Apartments Interior http://faculty.virginia.edu/GrowUrbanHabitats/case_studies/case_study_010103.html Figure 13 Darlinghurst Apartment Exterior https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-33.8784954,151.2183427,127a,35y,348.45h,45t/data=!3m1 !1e3 Figure 14 Darlinghurst Apartment Interior https://lunchboxarchitect.com/featured/darlinghurst-apartment/ Figure 15 Carmel Place Exterior https://archpaper.com/2016/01/scaffolding-comes-off-carmel-place-new-yorks-first-modular-mic ro-apartment-building/ Figure 16 Carmel Place Interior http://www.archello.com/en/project/carmel-place-formerly-known-my-micro-ny Figure 17 Unite d’Habitation Exterior http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=5228&sy sLanguage=en-en&itemPos=56&itemCount=78&sysParentId=64&sysParentName= Figure 18 Unite d’Habitation Interior http://mariabuszek.com/mariabuszek/kcai/Design%20History/Exam3_gallery2.htm Figure 19 Cooper Union Exterior https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_Cooper_Square Figure 20 Cooper Union Internal Void https://www.dezeen.com/2007/08/16/cooper-union-by-morphosis/ Figure 21 Peabody Terrace Exterior http://sah-archipedia.org/detail%2Fcontent%2Fentries%2FMA-01-HS9.xml?q=type%3Aplazas Figure 22 Peabody Terrace Interior http://www.archdaily.com/486015/ad-classics-peabody-terrace-sert-jackson-and-gourley/531b2fe cc07a80688c00027d-ad-classics-peabody-terrace-sert-jackson-and-gourley-photo Figure 23 Urbanest South Bank Exterior http://www.coxarchitecture.com.au/project/urbanest-student-housing/ Figure 24 Urbanest South Bank Common Space https://www.unilodgers.com/blog/choose-urbanest-south-bank-student-accommodation-brisban e/ Figure 25 Kraftwerk Exterior https://mgenhaus.wordpress.com/research/case-studies/ Figure 26 Kraftwerk Balcony https://au.pinterest.com/kozossegbenelni/k%C3%B3perat%C3%ADvok-cohousing-cooperativehousing-communit/ 1943 Aerial of Liverpool - https://maps.six.nsw.gov.au/
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Anglicare 2016, 'Rental Affordability Crisis Greater Sydney and the Illawarra Region', Anglicare Sydney, <https://www.anglicare.org.au/media-releases/2016-rental-affordability-s napshot>. Plaza, B. & Haarich, S.N. 2009, 'Museums for urban regeneration? Exploring conditions for their effectiveness', Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 259-71. Jones, R. 2015, 'Co-operative housing in wales - Welsh Government cch presentation july 2015', Confederation of Co-operative Housing / Wales Co-operative Centre conference in Cardiff, <https://www.slideshare.net/ConfederationOfCooperativeHousing/coo perative-housing-in-wales-welsh-government-cch-presentation-july-2015 >. Finney, T. 2016, 'Why arts schools matter, not just for artâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sake but for urban renewal in Sydney and other cities', The Conversation, <https://theconversation.com/why-arts-schools-matter-not-just-for-arts-sa ke-but-for-urban-renewal-in-sydney-and-other-cities-62901>. Centre for Affordable Housing 2011, 'Housing Market Snapshot - South West Sydney Sub Region', NSW Government Family & Community Services, <http://www.housing.nsw.gov.au/centre-for-affordable-housing/for-plan ners-of-affordable-housing/housing-snapshots/housing-market-snapshotsouth-west-sydney-sub-region>. Liverpool City Council 2013, 'Liverpool Council Agenda', Liverpool City Council, <http://www.liverpool.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/14765/C SP-for-COUNCIL-AGENDA-26-June-2013.pdf>.
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