Underrepresented populations in nursing: Perspectives on doctoral education 2016 Annual Conference National Forum of State Nursing Workforce Centers Rebecca Wheeler, PhD, MA, RN
Objectives 1.  Describe how underrepresented populations were affected by their initial nursing education 2.  Describe factors involved in their plans to pursue (or not) doctoral education Thanks to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (and Pat Farmer!) for their financial and technical assistance
Enrollment 2010-2015 Research Programs
Practice Programs
57.7% 53.4% 53.4% 51.3% 48.7% 46.6% 46.6% 44.5% 42.3%
65.9%
55.5%
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
34.1%
2015
Enrollment 2010-2015 Research Programs
Practice Programs 272 194
86 69
99 94
119 104
2010
2011
2012
130 149
2013
142
2014
141
2015
Research Programs female 96.5%
3.5%
2010
93.9%
6.1%
2011
90.8%
9.2%
2012
Gender 2010-2015
male
90.0%
10.0%
2013
90.8%
89.4%
10.6%
2014
9.2%
2015
Practice Programs female
88.4%
11.6%
2010
89.4%
10.6%
2011
93.3%
6.7%
2012
male
91.3%
8.7%
2013
89.2%
10.8%
2014
89.0%
11.0%
2015
Diversity: research programs White 2015 2014 2013
12.0%
4.2%
1.7%
2011
2.0%
2010
80.3%
0.7%
2012
Asian
16.3%
3.5%
3.8%
Black
78.0%
2.1%
3.1%
Hispanic
80.8% 10.8%
3.4%
4.0% 0.0% 4.7%
77.3% 16.0% 81.8% 11.1% 77.9% 14.0%
Diversity: practice programs White 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
1.1% 3.3% 2.6% 4.1% 0.0% 1.3% 1.0% 1.0% 3.2% 1.1% 4.3% 0.0%
Hispanic
Black
Asian 69.9%
21.0% 69.1% 19.6% 79.9% 18.8% 77.9% 20.2% 70.2% 25.5% 66.7% 26.1%
So? • Percent enrollment in research doctorate programs and practice doctorate programs has switched • Gender diversity is similar in both program types – But has increased in research programs
• Racial and ethnic diversity has decreased overall
2015 Survey of underrepresented populations in nursing • SurveyMonkey – open summer 2016 – Background information – Perspectives about prior nursing education – Perspectives about doctoral education
• Dissemination – Professional organizations, GNLC website, newsletter, personal contacts
• Inclusion criteria: – Male nurse – Non-white nurse
• N=84
Results: Demographics Age 66-70 years old 61-65 years old 56-60 years old 51-55 years old 46-50 years old 41-45 years old 36-40 years old 31-35 years old 26-30 years old 21-25 years old
Gender
2.4% 16.7% 9.5%
Male 29%
17.9% 4.8% 14.3% 9.5% 9.5% 9.5% 6.0%
Female 71%
Diversity Race/Ethnicity American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Middle Eastern or Arab American South Asian or Indian American East Asian or Asian American Latino or Hispanic American Black, Afro-Caribbean or African Non-Hispanic White or Euro-American Multiple
2.4% 4.8% 1.2% 22.6% 9.5% 9.5% 42.9% 19.0% 10.7%
Were you encouraged by your nursing FACULTY to pursue further education in nursing? 51
16
14 3
Yes
Some
No
I don't remember
Were you encouraged by your nursing CLASSMATES to pursue further education in nursing? 42
26 14 2
Yes
Some
No
I don't remember
Were you ever mentored by someone of your gender/ethnicity (in either an academic or clinical setting)? 45 23 13 3 Yes
Some
No
I don't remember
How likely do you think it is that you will pursue a doctoral degree in nursing? Very likely
33%
Somewhat likely
25%
Not too likely
Not at all likely
27%
15%
Why “not too likely” or “not at all likely” to pursue a doctoral degree in nursing: No interest Retired/soon to retire Age Financial reasons Requires too much time/too busy No financial/professional benefit Feel unable/no support
9 6 5 5 3 3 2
What is the maximum amount you would be willing to pay out-of-pocket per semester for a doctoral degree? more than $10,000
6.8%
12.5%
$7,501-$10,000
8.3% 5.5%
$5,001-$7,500
4.2% 9.6%
$2,501-$5,000 $1,001-$2,500 Under $1,000
male non-white
54.2%
24.7% 12.5% 8.3%
20.5% 32.9%
What is the maximum debt you would be willing to graduate with from a doctoral program? Over $50,000
31.6%
15.4% 26.3% 23.1%
$40,001-$50,000 $30,000-$40,000 5.3% 3.8%
$20,001-$30,000 $15,001-$20,000
Under $5,000
male
10.5%
19.2%
5.3% 7.7%
$10,001-$15,000 $5,001-$10,000
11.5%
15.8%
0.0%
15.4% 5.3% 3.8%
non-white
Do you feel you have a solid understanding of‌ 48
24
20
16
No
42
18
I'm not sure
Yes
the difference between what is taught in a research doctorate (like a PhD) and a clinical doctorate (like a DNP)? the kinds of employment opportunities that will be open to you with a research doctorate vs. a clinical doctorate?
So? • Faculty and mentors have a strong impact • More than half may pursue doctoral education in the next 5y • The majority are not willing to go into debt, however: – Of those willing, 77% willing to assume > $15,000 of debt – Males are willing to spend more and assume more debt
• Half do not feel they understand the difference in practice of a nurse with a practice doctorate or a research doctorate
Questions? Thanks! Rebecca Wheeler ganursingcoalition@gmail.com