WEANING AND VACCINATING BENEFITS

There is a long list of qualities that influences the price of calves. The trend of the calf market basically sets the “base” price, but the different attributes, or lack thereof, dictates whether a premium or discount is applied. Genetic makeup, flesh, frame, location, and participation in value added programs, such as NHTC or Verified Natural, are examples of accolades that differentiates groups of calves. The following discussion will focus on vaccination and weaning programs, which also impacts the value of calves.

When market trends are going the wrong direction for the cow-calf segment, like the last couple years, some producers changed their management strategies to maximize revenue. Results from CattleFax’s annual Cow-Calf Survey shows a slight uptick the past two years in the percentage of producers who weaned calves for 45 days or more, while the number of operations that sold right off the cow declined. The peak occurred in 2019, with 55% of the survey participants weaning for at least 45 days compared to 50% in 2018. The fall calf market averaged about $10/cwt lower in 2019 relative to 2018.

A long weaning period also allows producers to take advantage of the seasonality of the calf market. About eight out of every 10 years, the calf market bottoms in October before gradually trending higher into the end of the year. In 2020, the low came the last week of October and gained roughly $15/ cwt by the first of December. That was one of the more extreme moves in recent years, as the 5-year average price improves about $8/cwt during that time. Nonetheless, the odds favor a better market later in the year.

Even if producers are forced to wean early due to drought conditions or for any other reason, long weaning is still recommended. This strategy gives an operation more marketing flexibility as opposed to selling straight off the cow. Producers have more ability to choose when they want to sell calves and wait out a short, rough patch, in the market if necessary, assuming proper resources are available.

Weaned calves are also more apt to capture the attention of buyers from several different marketing avenues – creating competition. Not only do stocker operators and backgrounders demand long weaned calves, but feedyards would much rather place one on feed that has been weaned. It all comes down to minimizing risk on purchases from a morbidity and mortality standpoint. With that said there are risks associated with implementing a weaning program. However, the risk level should be much lower for the producer who raises the calves. While it is not feasible for everyone, fence line weaning is a strategy used by some to significantly reduce stress early in the weaning process. If that procedure is not practical, there is oftentimes a lot less stress from transportation compared to shipping to a feedlot or backgrounding lot. Not only is the distance likely much shorter, but a more important component

is keeping fresh weaned calves in an environment they are used to and eliminating exposure to calves from other sources. Getting acclimated to new surroundings can be hard on any cattle but doing that right after being separated from the cow only compounds the stress.

While there are risks and additional costs that come with weaning calves, the reward should far outweigh the setbacks and expenses. Results from the annual Cow-Calf Survey have shown a significant premium is paid for calves that are weaned for 45 days or more, compared to those sold right off the cow. The last three years averaged just shy of $100 at $97 per head. Certainly, there are other factors that likely have an influence on the value difference, but that relationship shows up in the survey data every year.

It is important that producers understand that a legit weaning program lasts longer than three or four weeks. Doing that basically just gets the bawl out of calves, which gives the operation and future buyer no benefit. In fact, two out of the last three surveys show calves weaned for less than 28 days averaged less than those sold straight off the cow. Even calves weaned for 28 to 45 days averaged a premium of only $14 per head over the past three years, which would be difficult to cover the added costs or make up for any death loss. Buyers in other segments of the supply chain have sent a clear market signal in recent years that they want calves weaned for at least 45 days, and anymore 60 days is becoming the desired length.

Not only do producers need to promote how long calves were weaned, but also information about the program itself. For example, details about the feed ration are beneficial. Letting buyers know whether calves are bunk broke or grazed the entire weaning period helps producers receive the right value. Being transparent about vaccination protocols is another component that could potentially add value to calves.

Survey results from the last couple years show there is also a positive relationship between the number of times calves are vaccinated and the value of those respective calves. Herds that administered two rounds of preventive vaccines, regardless of when they were given, averaged an extra $85 per head at sale time compared to those that just gave one. From two to three rounds the premium narrowed but still averaged $59 per calf last year, and $46 in 2019. In today’s market, most buyers expect calves to have at least one round of shots and prefer more. Those that do not administer any, should anticipate a hefty discount.

Another benefit to a strict vaccination protocol is heavier weaning weights, according to the annual survey data. In 2019 and 2020, calves vaccinated twice weighed 25 more pounds, on average, versus those that received one round. The average difference in weaning weights from three rounds to just one was 29 pounds. While vaccinating is not the only variable that impacts weaning weights, taking the proper steps to prevent, or at least minimize any disruptions in a young calf’s growth cycle is recommended.

To maximize the benefit from both a weaning and stringent vaccination program, producers must have the proper resources. This includes labor, time, facilities, feed, etc. The logistics for either program can also be challenging for some operations. For example, accessibility to the cow-herd is important to be able to vaccinate the calf crop multiple times. The most obvious time to administer at least one round of shots is at branding (1-4 months). Roughly 65% of survey participants vaccinated at branding the last two years. An operation will need to evaluate what makes the most sense for the next round(s) of shots.

Weaning and vaccination programs should add value to a calf crop and can, to some degree, be viewed as a risk management tool to ensure calves are bringing top dollar. Over the years, the other segments in the supply chain have discovered that calves who endured a strict weaning and vaccination protocol will likely have a lower morbidity and mortality rate to improve performance and limit unnecessary expenses. Consult with a veterinarian and nutritionist to develop a plan that best fits your operation.

GENEPLUS

Spinks Ranch

SIX GENERATIONS OF RANCHING AND ADAPTING TO CHANGING TIMES

by Deanna Nelson-Licking

The rolling hills of Missouri, with their humid summers, are completely different from the San Joaquin Valley of California where Wes Spinks’ family had lived and ranched for four generations. His father, Guy Spinks, was serving his country in Vietnam when his father passed away and the family was forced to make some life changing decisions. With the uncertainty of when or if Guy would return home, the land leases were let go and the stock sold. After his discharge from the service, Guy built a grow yard near Madera, California in the 1970s, but Guy and his wife, Susie, began searching across the United States for a new area to put down roots. Cedar County, Missouri, was finally chosen and the family relocated there in 1979, near the town of Jerico Springs. Son, Wes was four years old when they came to Missouri and he grew up watching and helping his father integrate a yearling operation into what was traditionally a cow-calf region.

Wes grew up on the ranch and took on his first cowboy job when he was 16, taking care of a small seedstock operation for the summer. The following two summers were spent working for a horse outfit in Colorado. He attended Crowder College and met his future wife Melissa (“Missy”) there. Wes graduated with a degree in ranch management in 1996 and he then joined the team at Circle A Angus in Missouri for a year. Following their wedding, Wes and Missy moved to Colorado and rode horses for a year. In 1998, they came back to Missouri and leased the backgrounding lot from Guy; they also leased pasture to graze yearlings. The father and son team collaborated and leased a neighboring ranch to increase the cow herd size.

Wes attended cattle sales, buying older cows and whatever nobody else wanted, building his herd slowly. “We started buying better bulls and improving the herd over time. Some of those old cows are still around here, raising a calf every year. Those old cows were mostly good cows and we weeded out the less productive ones pretty fast. There was a reason those old cows got to be short and solid mouths. They had been bringing a calf to the weaning pen every year,” Wes explained.

The Spinks lease grass, and run about 150 cows. The family has been backgrounding cattle for over 40 years for themselves and for customers. In the past, they used to purchase steers to run on grass and custom background 3,000-5,000 head a year, but currently they only feed their own cattle. Wes is also an order buyer for a large feedlot in central Nebraska. Wes and Missy are committed to making balanced and versatile ranch horses and use them in their daily ranch work. Missy, in addition to raising their three sons, is a talented horsewoman.

After moving to Missouri, Guy used Brangus bulls, so Wes was used to those calves being the largest and best in the fall. He began using Red Brangus bulls purchased from a producer who raised purebred cattle. He started studying the Brangus breed on the association website and searching for breeders in his region, since he needed bulls that would work on his native fescue grass. Wes purchased his first registered bull from Vern Suhn’s GENETRUST sale, a sire raised by Dale Kirkham. Since then, he has been exclusively using registered Brangus and Ultrablack bulls.

“All of our steers go to Nebraska to feed, which is kind of unheard of. The feedlot really likes Brangus calves, if I can find the right kind.”

(continued on page 34)

“I BUY A LOT OF BRANGUS FEEDER CATTLE, THEY DO GOOD IN THE WINTER, AND THEY SLICK OFF IN THE SUMMER. THEY STILL HANG SOME SUBSTANCE, HANDLE THE HEAT WELL, AND PUT ON THE POUNDS.” -WES SPINKS, NEBRASKA FEEDLOT ORDER BUYER

(continued from page 33)

Spinks feels that the Brangus breed has come a long way in meeting today’s standards and needs. “When they can grade with the best of them, put up with the heat and the ticks, yet feed well in Nebraska, that’s a good calf” he said. “Just a little bit of influence makes a huge difference, the bone and thickness, the ability to grow some hair yet shed off in this fescue grass. I buy a lot of Brangus feeder cattle, they do good in the winter, and they slick off in the summer. They still hang some substance, handle the heat well, and put on the pounds. Sometimes some of the English breeds don’t slick off and they can really suffer in the heat.”

“Everyone wants a gentle cow, but they need a strong mothering ability, to take care of the calf and know where it is. A cow without mothering ability, I’m over that. A cow needs to be able to recognize and take care of her calf, whether it’s her first or her tenth. The biggest thing is I can’t sell a dead calf or one who isn’t there and I need a cow that will last,” Spinks said. “Producers should handle the purebred herds like I handle my commercial herd.”

“The majority of our calves are weaned around 600 to 625 pounds. What I’d like to see is producers handling their herds a little rougher. We need more longevity and less sickness. There is a reason we are having more trouble with calves in the feedlots that we never had before. We need to be culling and improving our calves and not doctoring everything,” Wes said. “We have concentrated too much on grading; we need to pay attention to everything.”

Improving his stockmanship is something Wes is also very passionate about. “Those eared sale barn cattle are kind of funny, if a guy works with them, they get use to you and you can handle them. I like those old cows, something that will protect their calf, we need to be careful to not breed that out of them,” Wes said. “They need to have their calf by themselves and bring one to the weaning pen, if they don’t have a calf on them or in them they go to town. The Brangus influence has really helped us out.” Wes buys good quality bulls that he sells after three years, but since he only calves in the spring, the bulls are used just once a year. He tries to sell the older bulls to producers who need bulls and Wes will buy back the calves.

“I buy bulls in the fall and they have a rough winter since I don’t feed them much, but I do turn out late enough that they are in good shape for breeding,” Wes said.

Spinks Ranch is totally a family operation with the exception of a hired man who helps them three days a week. “My dad still feeds and mom does the book work. My dad had COVID last year, but he never missed a day feeding the calves in the feedlot. My wife is a big part of our operation and my three boys are here and are good help,” Wes said.

The sixth generation of ranching the Spinks’ operation includes Buster, 16, Reed, 13, and Liam, 9, and both Wes and Missy hope that they will carry on the ranching legacy. Reed attended a bull sale and now is very interested in raising bulls and his parents are willing to help him achieve his dreams. “But if they don’t love it they won’t do a good job,” Wes said.

Spinks Ranch is now focusing on raising and selling quality, home-raised bred heifers. They believe that cows should be selected and culled based on their performance and the performance of their offspring. “My goal with my heifers is for all of them to be out of mommas that we raised and the result of three generations of our culling program. They are developed on grass because I hate to haul feed to them,” Wes said. Wes feels that producers need to strive to raise the toughest of the breed, cattle that are feed efficient and grade well. Raise and breed cows that will survive in harsh conditions and breed back without being pampered, so he feels that the Brangus influence has been crucial to his success.

“I hate hauling feed to a cow, but I like feeding calves. Many ranchers are excited about calving in a time of year that isn’t efficient, we are so far behind of cattle when we need them. We should be calving a little later and turn them out on grass with a better management program,” he said. ” Just pay attention and have guidelines on all bulls and heifers that anyone intends on keeping for breeding stock.”

FEATURE ARTICLE

PREPARING A BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR YOUR CATTLE OPERATION

Editor’s Note: article courtesy of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association.

by Julia Herman, DVM, MS, beef cattle specialist veterinarian with National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA), a contractor to the Beef Checkoff

Everyday cattle producers are taking steps to protect their families, animals, and operations from various risks. These risks could include inclement weather, poor nutrition, predators, viruses and microbes, contaminated water, among many others. The cattle production system in the U.S. does an amazing job of upholding high standards of animal care and handling, as outlined in the Checkoff-funded Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) Program. Biological risk management is also essential for the people working on farms and ranches and for preventing the spread of human illness between these operations, as seen with COVID-19. These biosecurity techniques can also be applied to your cattle herd. As discussed in BQA, the goal of biosecurity is to protect animals from disease by minimizing the movement of biological organisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. within or onto an operation. Prevention of common cattle diseases is occurring every day. This may involve quarantining new additions to the herd in a separate pen for 21-30 days before introduction to the herd. Or it could be washing buckets, bottles, trailers, or other equipment between uses for individual animals or groups of animals. Vaccination is a common way to aid in prevention of diseases such as Bovine Respiratory Disease in your cattle herd but applying biosecurity principles remains important because not all diseases have vaccines available. Identification of risk factors for diseases such as Johne’s Disease or Salmonella would also be a part of prevention. In the end, developing and maintaining a biosecurity plan that is specific to your operation is essential to keeping your herd and our food supply safe. Daily biosecurity practices include some of the most important steps to protecting the cattle herd. BQA has partnered with the USDA funded Secure Beef Supply (SBS) Plan to develop resources for cattle producers on how to properly prepare for daily cattle diseases. The BQA Daily Biosecurity Plan for Disease Prevention template offers an

(continued from page 38) introductory, stepwise biosecurity plan for identifying biosecurity risks on cattle operations. Producers can customize plans to their own operation, allowing flexibility for producers and their resource team to evaluate what management practices work best for their situation. Working with the herd veterinarian provides unique opportunities for evaluating current practices and collaborating on steps for improvement.

This plan is a precursor to the SBS Plan and supporting training materials which provide valuable information on developing an enhanced biosecurity plan which is necessary during a potential foreign animal disease outbreak such as with foot and mouth disease (FMD). FMD is the most contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals (i.e., cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, wildlife). This disease causes blisters in the mouth and on the feet of these animals. Thankfully FMD does NOT affect public health or food safety so meat and milk from affected animals are safe to eat and drink. The effects on our economy, trade, and way of life would be tremendous if this disease were to enter the U.S. or North America. On the SBS site, producers can learn more about FMD, what it looks like in affected animals, and find tools and design concepts to incorporate into their facilities and their business plans.

With these biosecurity goals, realize that biosecurity is always a work in progress as your business may change from year to year. However, you can prioritize action from the BQA Daily Biosecurity and SBS plans on what your operation has already done or can do quickly versus what could be developed over the next year. Record keeping is extremely important during normal business operations and especially during a disease outbreak.

Biosecurity is one thing that the producer has the most control over. Resources in your community such as your

TO IMPROVE THEIR BIOSECURITY PRACTICES, CATTLE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS CAN PREPARE BY: • Writing operation-specific biosecurity plans during peacetime that can be implemented during an outbreak. o BQA Daily Biosecurity Plan for Disease Prevention along with an example plan can be found at BQA.org. o Example enhanced biosecurity plans and templates for feedlots and cattle on pasture can be found at SecureBeef.org. • Developing contingency plans for periods of restricted movement o For example, financial risk management will be critical if you are unable to move your animals or product during an FMD outbreak • Keeping movement records of animals, people, equipment, and other items on and off your operation • Having a national Premises Identification Number (PIN) issued by the office of your State Animal Health Official veterinarian, extension agent, or BQA state coordinator can work with you to write a biosecurity plan, implement the plan, and update it. They could also be instrumental in employee education on these biosecurity guidelines to focus on every day. The most difficult concept about biosecurity is both preparing for a disease that is common, such as BRD, or a disease we hope never comes, such as FMD. These concepts are helpful in keeping both humans and animals healthy and can be continually improved upon. For more information and downloadable preparation documents, please visit Beef Quality Assurance at BQA.org or the Secure Beef Supply Plan at SecureBeef.org. Together we can take a stepwise approach to protect your animals and your business now and in the future.

OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES WITH TWO-YEAR-OLD AND THREE-YEAR-OLD COWS

by Carson Anderson, University of Missouri-Columbia, graduate research assistant

Often times the last cow calves, you blink and the next year’s breeding season has already begun! With that being said, it is important to have a plan set in advance to make sure that your cows are ready to go.

Not every cow on the operation is going to require the same time and management to be set up for success.

Rebreeding two-year-old and three-year-old cows tends to be one of the biggest challenges on a cow-calf operation. They face physical and nutritional stressors from calving and nursing their first or second calf, while they are still growing themselves. Additionally, Bos indicus-influenced females tend to have a longer period of postpartum anestrus compared to Bos taurus cows, which adds to the challenge of breeding back.

| NUTRITION |

A cow’s condition will set the stage for her productivity and longevity in the herd. Because nutrition and reproduction are closely tied together, a proper plane of nutrition pre-calving and post-calving is important for reproductive success.

Providing a proper plane of nutrition for cows is especially important during her last 60 days of gestation. Proper nutrients during the last stage of gestation helps maintain fetal growth and development while also allowing the cow to maintain her condition. Remember, first-calf heifers are likely to be at 85% of their mature weight at calving and will need to continue growing after calving. So, we need these young cows to be gaining rather than losing weight. This is important because, as body condition at calving decreases, she is more likely to conceive late in the breeding season or even fail to conceive at all. A cow that is in proper body condition score at calving is more likely to resume normal estrous cycles in a shorter time. We generally recommend heifers be managed to a body condition score of 6 or 7 prior to calving and mature cows be managed to a body condition score of 5 or 6 prior to calving.

At the start of the breeding season, cows are often near peak lactation and will have increased nutritional requirements. Those nutrients will be prioritized for growth, maintenance, and lactation before going toward reproduction. Reproduction is the last of priorities on the list and will be the first to go if her other needs are not being met nutritionally. Two and three-year olds have greater nutritional requirements than mature cows, since they are still growing themselves and may need to be managed and fed separately.

| POSTPARTUM INTERVAL |

In order to ensure an adequate days postpartum to breeding interval, an effective management strategy is to set up heifers to begin breeding two to four weeks before mature cows. This gives more time for first-calf heifers to begin cycling prior to the start of the next breeding season. Additionally, breeding heifers a few weeks early allows producers to keep a closer eye on heifers calving for the first time since they will be calving before the rest of the herd.

A heifer that conceives early in the breeding season is most likely to breed back early in subsequent years compared to heifers that conceived later. Therefore, consider using a very short breeding season for heifers. Another effective strategy is having pregnancy status determined by a veterinarian and keeping only those heifers that conceived in the first half of the breeding season. This will make managing two-year-old and three-year-old cows easier and will set them up to be productive cows.

| CONSIDER PROGESTINS |

Bos indicus-influenced females tend to have a longer postpartum anestrous period than Bos taurus females. Bos indicus-influenced females really benefit from the use of progestins in an estrus synchronization protocol. Since progesterone treatment can induce a proportion of anestrous cows to resume having normal estrous cycles. That can be a major help in moving later-calving cows up to conceive earlier in the next breeding season.

Although two-year-old and three-year-old cows pose a challenge on the farm, they can be set up to be productive cows with extra time and management.

COW-CALF COSTS AND REVENUE

CattleFax recently conducted its annual “Cow-Calf Survey” to analyze 2020. First off, thank you to those who took the time to complete the survey. It is greatly appreciated. Results came from across the country, with the Central Plains and Southeast regions making up the largest samples. The average herd size of 378 cows is well above the U.S. average, but the findings represent more operations that truly try to make ends meet from a financial standpoint. The results benefit the industry by providing insight regarding trends for management practices, marketing strategies, expansion or liquidation, and many other key metrics. More importantly, producers can utilize the findings as benchmarks to compare against their own operation. Obviously, there are extensive variations within the cow-calf segment. All the analysis may not directly apply to your enterprise. Nonetheless, the following discussion and insight should at least be thought provoking.

There were some slight changes on the cost side of the equation from 2019 to 2020. Survey participants reported the U.S. average cash cow cost was $595 per head last year. The prior two years averaged $601 in 2019 and $604 in 2018. It is important to note these figures do not include returns to management or depreciation. The North Plains and Corn Belt regions were the only two that experienced a year-over-year change greater than $10 per head. The biggest adjustment came in the North Plains, with a $24 per head decrease compared to 2019. Because winter 2020 was milder than the year before, weather likely played a role in the reduction. Regardless, the Northern Plains maintains the top spot for the highest costs in the country at just under $650 per cow, due to the additional feed requirements and especially elevated land values in some states. In fact, pasture expenses account for roughly 36%, or $236, of the total cash costs – the most for any region, and four percentage points above the U.S. average. The Corn Belt experienced the opposite annual trend with an increase of $13, to $644 per head. Feed costs in the Corn Belt make up a big percent of total expenses at approximately 43%, compared to the U.S. average of 33 percent. Once again, the Southeast region had the lowest cash cow costs. Producers in that part of the country benefit from lower feed costs.

A few new questions were included in this year’s survey to

get a better understanding around pasture leasing and costs. With the questions, CattleFax was able to capture how many producers lease pasture from another party, what percent of the grazing land in their operation is leased, and an estimate for pasture leasing rates. Nearly 60% of the survey participants lease land in the U.S. Of those who lease ground, the rented pasture accounts for roughly 58% of their grazing needs, on average. The U.S. average cost was $22/pair/month. As it is with anything in the cow-calf segment, there is a large variation around averages, and this dataset is no exception. In the North Plains and West regions, about three-fourths of the participants lease pasture. In the North, rented ground makes up about 60% of producers’ pasture demands, and the West averaged 66 percent. Not only do a lot of North Plains operations lease over half of their pasture, but they also pay the highest rate at $30/pair/month, on average. This confirms why pasture expenses account for about 36% of total cash costs. The West leasing rate was par with the U.S. average. All measurements in the Southeast region were the lowest in the country with less than half of the producers leasing ground. The South Plains leasing costs averaged about $20/pair/ month, while the other metrics were very close to U.S. averages.

While most producers understand that renting versus not renting can change their bottom line, the new survey questions allow us to quantify the potential impact. Analyzing the data within two regions, the North and South Plains, will improve accuracy. In the North, operations that lease pasture from another party, regardless of how much, had an average cash cow cost of $660 in 2020. Those who do not lease any ground had an average cost of $613 per cow – a difference of $47 per cow. In the South, the disparity was not near as drastic. Producers who lease pasture had an average cash cow cost of $584, which was only $10 above those who do not. Clearly there is some variation around how much of an impact leasing has on margins. Considering both comparisons showed an increase in costs, suggests an operation is better off with minimal or no leasing. Obviously, that is not feasible for a lot of producers for multiple reasons. The other alternative would be to dry lot cows, and the feed bill would far exceed the leasing costs for most operations.

To no surprise, the average revenue was down compared to 2019. The price trends that occurred in 2020 need little explanation considering it was a year that will never be forgotten. Survey participants reported the average calf revenue was $830 per head, compared to $853 in 2019. This is in line with CattleFax’s calf prices over the last two years. The U.S. average 550-pound steer price was down nearly $5/cwt in 2020 – a difference of nearly $27 per calf. The fact that weaning weights for both steers and heifers were flat the last couple of years, reinforces prices were the reason for a decrease in revenue. The average weaning weight for steers in 2020 was 568 pounds, while heifers averaged 525 pounds.

CattleFax breaks the survey participants into three equal categories based off profitability to further analyze what sets “high-return” producers apart from “average” and especially “low-return” operations. The first thing that jumps out is the discrepancy in costs between the most profitable and least profitable enterprises. Last year, high-return producers had an average cash cow cost of $557, while low-return producers recorded an average of $674 per cow. Those with the best net income find a way to keep expenses in check, while still maximizing calf revenue. There will be more details in future articles about how this is accomplished, along with many more findings. But to summarize, it truly comes down to efficiency and productivity.

Thanks again to those that took the time to complete the survey. This unique dataset provides valuable insight for not only the industry, but more importantly to producers invested in the day-to-day operations. While 2020 was a year like no other, there is still a lot to learn from the survey results. When the next annual survey is conducted to collect data from 2021, producers should report an improvement in calf revenue relative to 2020. Unfortunately, it appears the La Nina weather pattern is sticking around at least through summer. Operations in the western half of the country need to be prepared for dry conditions and higher feed costs.

NOVEMBER 19-20, 2021

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FALL 2021 CALENDAR

SEPTEMBER

6 IBBA Office Closed for Labor Day 10 Ad Reservation Deadline for October Brangus Journal 11 L Ray Ranch Dispersal, Poteet, Texas 11 MBJ & TRIO Power of the Brands Sale, Wharton, Texas 17-18 Southeast Brangus Breeders Junior Show, Live Oak, Florida 18 Midsouth Cattle Co. & Neal Ranch Annual Bull & Commercial Female Sale, St. Francisville, Louisiana 22-25 IBBA National Show of Merit, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 24 Southeast Brangus Breeders general membership meeting, auction, banquet, and awards ceremony, Troy, Alabama 25 Southeast Brangus Breeders Association Board of Directors Meeting, Troy, Alabama 25 Southeast Brangus Breeders Showcase Female Sale, Troy, Alabama 25 Tulare County Stockyard Bull Sale, Dinuba, California

OCTOBER

1 Southern Jewels Precious Gems Sale, Hosted Online by CCI.Live 2 Scamardo Brangus Production Sale, Bryan, Texas 2 Spitzer Ranch Profit Maker On Line Bull Sale Closes, Preston, Kansas 5 Southeast Brangus Breeders Bull Sale Nominations Due 9 Addison Brangus Farms and Friends Performance Sale, Cullman, Alabama 9 Big D Ranch Building For Your Tomorrow Sale, Center Ridge, Arkansas 9 CX Advantage Sale, Weimar, Texas 10 Ad Reservation Deadline for November Brangus Journal 11 Clayton Williams Ranch Co. Memorial Bull Sale, Bastrop, Texas 14 Treasure's of the Ozarks by Wyman Creek, Hosted Online by Smart Auctions 16 Famoso All Breeds Bull Sale, Famoso, California 16 MP at Diamond D Ranch Where Performance Meets Style Annual Fall Sale, Poteet, Texas 16 Town Creek Annual Bull Sale, West Point, Mississippi

17 Allen Cattle Co. Ranching for Profit Sale, Hosted by Smart Auctions 22-23 L.G. Herndon, Jr. Farms, Inc. Best of the South Black & White Sale, Lyons, Georgia 23 Oak Creek Farms Forage Developed Registered Fall Brangus Bull Sale, Chappell Hill, Texas 23 Star G Annual Production Sale, Canton, Texas 29-30 Quail Valley Farms Next Generation Replacement Female Sale, Oneonta, Alabama

NOVEMBER

5-6 GENEPLUS at Chimney Rock Cattle Company, Concord, Arkansas 6 Brands of Recognition Sale, Columbia, Tennessee 6 Southern Cattle Company Annual Fall Bull Sale, Marianna, Florida 8 The Branch Ranch Rough & Ready Bull Sale, Mansfield, Louisiana 10 Ad Reservation Deadline for December Brangus Journal 12-13 Blackwater Cattle Company Genomic Extravaganza, Lake Park, Georgia 13 Greater Jacksonville Fair, Regional Points Show, Jacksonville, Florida 17 Stockman's Choice Fall Edition, Hosted Online by Smart Auctions 19-20 Cavender-Draggin' M and Partners 17th Annual Fall Production Sale, Jacksonville, Texas 19 Salacoa Valley Farms The Source Female Sale, Fairmount, Georgia 20 Salacoa Valley Farms Bull Sale, Fairmount, Georgia 22 TBBA Annual Semen and Embryo Online Sale, Hosted Online by Smart Auctions 25 IBBA Office Closed for Thanksgiving Day

DECEMBER

1 Bull Commitments Due 2022 Brangus Sire Directory 4 Southeast Brangus Breeders Bull Sale, Uniontown, Alabama 10 Ad Reservation Deadline for January Brangus Journal 11 Las Palomas Production Sale, Newnan, Georgia 23 IBBA Office Closed for Christmas Eve 24 IBBA Office Closed for Christmas Day 31 IBBA Office Closed for New Years Eve

ALABAMA Addison Brangus Farms..................................................................................24 Far Niente Farms ............................................................................................51 Lake Majestik.................................................................................................51 Quail Valley Farms....................................................................................19, 51 TTT Brangus Farm ..........................................................................................51 ARKANSAS Adams & Creasy Insurance Agency.................................................................51 Big D Ranch ...................................................................................................14 Chimney Rock Cattle Co. ................................................................................52 Draggin’ M Ranch ..........................................................................................52 Mobley, Luke..................................................................................................51 CALIFORNIA Spanish Ranch................................................................................................12 FLORIDA Fenco Farms ...................................................................................................52 Gulf Coast Cattle Services ...............................................................................29 Phillips Ranch ..........................................................................................37, 52 GEORGIA Blackwater Cattle Co. .....................................................................................15 L.G. Herndon, Jr. Farms, Inc. ....................................................................29, 52 Salacoa Valley Farms ......................................................................................35 KANSAS Hurla Farms Feelot .........................................................................................49 Jensen Livesotck Agency................................................................................51 Suhn Cattle Co ...............................................................................................52 LOUISIANA Bushley Creek Cattle Co. ................................................................................52 Mid South Cattle Company.............................................................................13 Neal Ranch.....................................................................................................13 The Branch Ranch ....................................................................................23, 52 MISSISSIPPI Double W Ranch ............................................................................................53 T3 Brangus.....................................................................................................53 Town Creek Farm............................................................................................11 MISSOURI Don Thomas & Sons .......................................................................................53 GENEPLUS ................................................................................................ 30-21 Vitaferm.........................................................................................................43 Wyman Creek Cattle Company .......................................................................53 NEBRASKA DVAuction .......................................................IFC, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19, 24, 28, 29 NEW MEXICO Brinks Brangus @ Westall Ranches ................................................................53 OKLAHOMA Dotson, Wes ...................................................................................................51 Lawman Ranch ..............................................................................................53 Perry Ranch....................................................................................................53 TEXAS 2 Hearts Brangus............................................................................................53 American Marketing Services ............................................................ 19, 24, 35 Bovine Elite, LLC ......................................................................................45, 51 Cavender Ranches .........................................................................................54 Cavender-Draggin’ M and Partners....................................................6-7, 52, 54 Cox Excalibur Brangus ...................................................................................28 Cross F Cattle..................................................................................................54 Elgin Breeding Services, LLC ....................................................................48, 51 Farris Ranching Company ..............................................................................38 Genesis Ranch ...............................................................................................54 GKB Cattle ...............................................................................................39, 54 Hi Point Sales + Marketing ...................................... IFC, 13, 14, 18, 25, 41, IBC Indian Hills Ranch .........................................................................................54 International Red Brangus Breeders Assn.......................................................50 Jackson Family Brangus .................................................................................54 JLS International ...........................................................................................54 L Ray Ranch...................................................................................................IFC Lambert, Doak ...............................................................................................51 Mound Creek Ranch .......................................................................................54 MP Brangus..............................................................................................18, 55 Oak Creek Farms.............................................................................................BC Oakley, Lakin..................................................................................................51 Old Colita Ranch.............................................................................................55 Pennridge Ranch............................................................................................55 Reagan, Terry .................................................................................................51 Rio Ranch.......................................................................................................55 Santa Rosa Ranch.......................................................................................3, 55 Scamardo Brangus........................................................................................IBC Schmidt Farms ...............................................................................................55 Stalwart Ranch ..............................................................................................44 Star G Ranch.............................................................................................25, 55 Tuna Rosa Ranch ............................................................................................55 Villa Ranch .....................................................................................................41 Westway Feed................................................................................................36 Williams Ranch Co..........................................................................................10