Recent experience in Delimitation of Land and River Borders: Boundary between France and Andorra
• history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
Michel BACCHUS Institut géographique national
(IGN – France)
Direction des activités internationales et européennes
National Geographical Institute - France International and European Activities March 2010
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THE MAIN STEPS FOR BORDER DELIMITATION The border line delineation Consist to define the border line. • general •history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances
It is mainly a negotiation phase finalized by an agreement or treaty describing the location of the boundary on maps or by co-ordinates.
The border line demarcation
• on going
The main purpose of the demarcation is to set out on the ground, as exactly as possible, the border line as defined in the delimitation Document and to geo-reference the border line.
March 2010
After the border delimitation, another phase takes place which is the border management (concerning exchanges of goods and people, border surveillance and border monuments maintenance).
• Photogrammetry • l’Ariège
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The Border Line Delineation
• general • history • geography • the exchange
is generally the responsibility of a joint border committee composed with experts in international relations, law, history, political science and economics (statesman, diplomats, lawyers... ) surveyors and cartographers, serving as technical experts/ advisers to the treaty negotiators by "bringing the terrain" to the negotiating table.
• the commission
formalized by an agreement or treaty which is the result of the joint border committee work. • Photogrammetry The wording of a treaty or an agreement has a high • l’Ariège importance and should include anticipation of the • on going demarcation stage. Therefore boundary engineers should be represented amongst the treaty negotiators. • finances
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Any deviation from the concluded treaty or agreement during the subsequent demarcation stage carries with it a potential
• history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
March 2010
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France and Andorra • Pareatges 1278 - 1993 international status (UNO) • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
March 2010
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Delimitation of Land and River Borders: France and Andorra • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
March 2010
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La Solana d’Andorra
March 2010
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Delimitation of Land and River Borders: France and Andorra • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
March 2010
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Exchange of territory -
September 2000
• Viaduct 15 925 m² exchange • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
March 2010
• Signature on Sept. 2000 • Ratification on July 2001
• Decision : delimitation & demarcation => Boundary Commission, First meeting on July 2001
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Meetings of Boundary Commission
• history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
March 2010
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• • • • • • • •
Jul. 2001 Sept. 2001 Jan. 2002 March 2006 June 2006 Oct. 2006 Nov. 2008 Feb. 2009
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Meetings of Boundary Commission
• history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • l’Ariège • on going
March 2010
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• Jul. 2001 • Sept. 2001 • Jan. 2002 • March 2006 • June 2006 • Oct. 2006 • Nov. 2008 • Feb. 2009 technical groups • Cartographers (sept. 2002 ; sept. 2010) • Water issues (2006 - 2008)
Delimitation of Land and River Borders: France and Andorra – Photogrammetric Plotting history geography
• FR: 1/25 000 Map + Topographic Data Base
the exchange the commission finances Photogrammetry Ariège River on going
March 2010
+ specific Plotting of Divide orographic line (ridge) • AND: 1/5000 Map + new Plotting of ridge • + Plotting of Ariège River (1995 photo 1991 photos, ICC)
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Delimitation of land and river borders: France and Andorra • Main discrepancy area: Clot de les Abelletes EuroBoundaries • Cadre juridique • Acteurs
• Financement
Exemple • Les bases géodésiques • Actions en cours
March 2010
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Delimitation of land and river borders: France and Andorra • Main discrepancy area: Clot de les Abelletes EuroBoundaries • Cadre juridique • Acteurs
• Financement
Exemple • Les bases géodésiques • Actions en cours
March 2010
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Painting of candidate point • history
•
• geography • the exchange • the commission • finances • Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
March 2010
EUROB Test(2006) : - La connaissance des coordonnées des bornes permet effectivement de recaler le tracé de la BDTopo / BDUni (voire d’aider au calage de la BDParcellaire) Knowledge of the coordinates of the terminals can effectively realign the route of the BDTopo / bduni (or assist in the timing BDParcellaire) Where
the border is defined by topographic features, photogrammetric plotting (2007-2008) of these features (ridgeline, river) in the Pyrénées (Spain, Andorra) and the Alps (Italy)
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Delimitation of Land and River Borders: France and Andorra • Les bases du tracé frontalier • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances
• Les Traités de paix (1815,1860, 1947) • Les Accords de délimitation (XIXème) • Les PV d’abornement (démarcation) Le problème de la publication des PV Andorre : la coutume … seule Commission de délimitation en métropole
• Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
• Le cadre juridique de l’entretien • Une clause du Traité de paix ou de l’Accord de délimitation (Acte final des Traités de Bayonne) ; Luxembourg 1853 Entretien des bornes seul prévu explicitement
• Des accords spécifiques (Suisse, Espagne, Italie)
March 2010
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Delimitation of land and river borders: France and Andorra • history • geography • the exchange • the commission • finances Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
March 2010
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Delimitation of Land and River Borders: France and Andorra • history • geography • the exchange
Thank you for your attention
• the commission • finances •Photogrammetry • Ariège River • on going
March 2010
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Any Question ?