An Experience of Land Boundary Maintenance and Redemarcation: the Franco-Italian Boundary Commission Michel BACCHUS Institut géographique national
(IGN – France)
Direction des activités internationales et européennes
National Geographical Institute - France International and European Activities
2 March 2010
European Commission - DG Enlargement -Technical Assistance Information Exchange Instrument
Franco-Italian Boundary Maintenance and Redemarcation France in Europe, border lengths
History of Franco-Italian Boundary Demarcation
Maintenance & Redemarcation (densification) Geodetic determination of marks (2008 list) Photogrammetric plotting of Border line New digital documentation European issues: INSPIRE, SBE
2 March 2010
Overview of French Boundary Commissions the Franco-Italian Boundary Commission
Belgium 620 km
Luxembourg 620 km
Length of French Boundaries
Germany 450 km
Switzerland 572 km
2900 km with 8 countries
Italy 515 km
ETRS89 Co-ordinates
Rivers & coasts
Monaco 4 km
Spain Spain 669 km 2 March 2010
Andorra 57 km
Juridical Basis of Boundary lines The European Boundaries of France : - One or some Peace Treaties - Delimitation agreements (mainly XIXth century)
- Demarcation records (procès-verbal d’abornement) Exception for Andorra: no Treaty, no marks, “the custom”
2 March 2010
delimitation joint commission, since July 2001 European Commission - DG Enlargement -Technical Assistance Information Exchange Instrument
Juridical Basis for Boundary Maintenance The European Boundaries of France : - One or some Peace Treaties - Delimitation agreements (mainly XIXth century) - Demarcation records (procès-verbal d’abornement) Maintenance is planned by some delimitation agreements => Luxemburg, Spain (1856-1868): - Municipal authorities being in charge of marks’ inspection. - State authorities, which are responsible for re-building => Germany - local State authorities responsible for inspection and maintenance Technical commissions French Cadastre / German LänderVermessungsamt
2 March 2010
European Commission - DG Enlargement -Technical Assistance Information Exchange Instrument
2 March 2010
Juridical Basis for Boundary Maintenance The European Boundaries of France : - One or some Peace Treaties - Delimitation agreements (mainly XIXth century) - Demarcation records (procès-verbal d’abornement) Maintenance is planned by some delimitation agreements => Luxemburg, Spain (1856-1868): - Municipal authorities being in charge of marks’ inspection. - State authorities, which are responsible for re-building => Germany - local State authorities responsible for inspection and maintenance Technical commissions French Cadastre / German LänderVermessungsamt
2 March 2010
European Commission - DG Enlargement -Technical Assistance Information Exchange Instrument
Juridical Basis for Boundary Maintenance The European Boundaries of France : - One or some Peace Treaties - Delimitation agreements (mainly XIXth century) - Demarcation records (procès-verbal d’abornement)
Maintenance may be planned in delimitation agreements Agreements for the Maintenance of Boundary marks and Maintenance of International Boundary, between France and three neighbouring countries => Boundary Joint Commissions / Commissions mixts d’abornement
=> 3 Boundary Joint Commissions / Commissions mixtes d’abornement (CMA)
2 March 2010
European Commission - DG Enlargement -Technical Assistance Information Exchange Instrument
Boundary Maintenance Joint Commissions
Technical commissions with German
L채nders
Switzerland (1965)
Italy (1983)
Spain (1973)
2 March 2010
Maintenance agreements
3 Agreements for the Maintenance of Boundary marks and Maintenance of International Boundary :
France-Switzerland 1965 France-Spain 1973 France-Italy 1983 – Sectors according to administrative boundaries – 2 « délégués à l’abornement » responsible for their own sector (physical marks, documentation) – An annual meeting for Joint Commission : reporting, planning, financial matters, documentation ; French leader from Home Office (ministère de l’intérieur),
2 March 2010
Geography of the French-Italian Boundary
Boundary Length: 515 km 2 March 2010
Franco-Italian Agreement for maintenance of the marks and the boundary – Signed 26 may 1983, application 1987
– a Joint Commission (CMA): planning, reporting, financial matters, documentation.
– 8 sections (secteurs) • 4 in charge for Italy (even) • 4 in charge for France (uneven) – 2 « Civil Servant responsible for maintenance of marks and boundary »
2 March 2010
Thank you for your attention Any Question ? 1 2 3 4 . 5
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2 March 2010
Agreement for maintenance of the marks and the boundary – Signed 26 may 1983, application 1987
– a Joint Commission (CMA): planning,
reporting, financial matters, documentation.
– 8 sections (secteurs) • 4 in charge for Italy (even) • 4 in charge for France (uneven),) – 2 « Civil Servant responsible for maintenance of marks and boundary » • In Italy: Istituto Geografico Militare (IGMI) + Guardia di Finanza for information about conservation of marks
• in France (chosen by the Prefect):
Customs, Cadastre, Police (PAF), Équipement (Public Works) + Institut Géographique National (IGN) for geodetic fieldworks
2 March 2010
Geography of the French-Italian Boundary
Sector
Boundary Length: 515 km 717 points. 2 March 2010
Materialized Points
Not materialized points
Total
I
37
0
37
II
4
0
4
III
81
8
89
IV
98
2
100
V
33
2
35
VI
116
2
117
VII
228
26
254
VIII
97
15
112
Total
715
55
796
3 Treaties: 1713, 1860, 1947 3 Demarcation agreements (19th century) + Demarcations after Treaty of Paris (1947)
1860 1862 (Savoie - Piémont)
1713, Utrecht Treaty, the first watershed definition 1760 - 1825 (Dauphiné - Piémont)
1860 1861 (Comté de Nice),
2 March 2010
1927, 1930 Redemarcation North of Menton
ď Ž
Demarcations after the Treaty of Paris (1947)
1948 (Petit Saint-Bernard)
1948, 1963 (Mont-Cenis) 1948 (VallĂŠe Etroite) 1948, 1962, Montgenevre (Chaberton), 1975 1975 , Claviere (Territorial Exchange 1963)
<----- 1989, Colla Lunga,
1948 Mercantour (Tende &La Brigue) 1962 Demarcation (Olivetta San Michele) 1927, 1930 Redemarcation North of Menton
2 March 2010
History of Franco-Italian Boundary Demarcation 3 Demarcation agreements (19th century)
Demarcations after Treaty of Paris (1947) 1948 (Petit Saint-Bernard)
1862 (Savoie)
1948, 1963 (Mont-Cenis) 1948 (Vallée Etroite) 1948, 1962, 1975 , Montgenevre, Claviere
1760 - 1825 (Dauphiné -Piémont)
1861 (Comté de Nice), 1948 Mercantour (Tende &La Brigue) 1962 Demarcation (Olivetta San Michele)
2 March 2010
1927, 1930 Redemarcation North of Menton
the Franco-Italian Boundary Commission – Current Practice: Geodetic measurements, maintenance of marks and documentation by national mapping agencies IGNF(1) & IGMI(2)
• Since 1989: Determination of co-ordinates for old marks, redetermination for 1948-1994 marks (triangulation, polygonation, then GPS control ) an exhaustive list (2008) • Comparison of topographic maps and sorting out of discrepancies 1995-1998 (19/21 – except in Massif du Mont-Blanc) • Photogrammetric plot of boundary line
2 March 2010
(1)
financial support of Ministère de l’intérieur for maintenance works
(2)
logistical support from Army & Guardia di Finanza
XXth Meeting of the FrenchItalian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary
Roma, Minister of Foreign Affairs 17-18th May 2006 2 March 2010
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Italian Team Boundary 3 - 21 October 2006 Field works [3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 7 October 2006 with a French expert] Action: GPS measurement for 22 Pillars
2 March 2010
Secteur VIII
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary French Team 21-31 September 2006 Field work [21-23 September 2006 with an Italian expert] Action: GPS measurement for 21 Pillars
2 March 2010
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars andteam International Boundary Italian Works made : Intervention on two pillars (sector VIII) N째 396 re-implanted in its true place N째 421 re-stuck
2 March 2010
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary French Team Works made : Intervention on eight Pillars (sector I)
N째 0\7 & 1\1 : re-implanted in their true place
N째 0\2 & 6j : restuck N째 0\3 & 0\6 : reimplantation of new plates
N째 6h & 6i : reimplantation of new pillars
2 March 2010
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars andWorks International Boundary made : From offset Pillars, points n째 406, 410,420 18c, 54, 55, 59, 61 and 62 were given by using a compass and a metric caster.
2 March 2010
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary Office works
Sectors III, IV, VI and VIII Offset Pillars calculations.
N
azimut 403
I F
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distanza 403 N.D.
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary Office works
Transformation of co-ordinates from Gauss-Boaga Datum or Lambert Datum to WGS84 Datum for pillars which have not been measured (sectors I, III, VIII)
2 March 2010
Rome, 17-18 Mai 2006
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary Office Works
Checking and completion of the list of the co-ordinates of sectors I, III, VII et VIII. For sectors I, III and the VII all co-ordinates were calculated in the system Gauss-Boaga starting from co-ordinates WGS84, and for sector VIII all the co-ordinates were calculated in the Lambert system starting from co-ordinates WGS84 For sector VII, where remained some errors due to old inaccuracies, we jointly established and controlled the coordinates of all the pillars
2 March 2010
Rome, 17-18 Mai 2006
XXth Meeting of the French-Italian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary Office works
New list of coordinates New data have been introduced in the « Liste des coordonnées des bornes de la frontière d'État italofrançaise » Just a little number of boundary marks are yet to be measured ( 3 / 699 )
2 March 2010
Rome, 17-18 Mai 2006
XXth Meeting of the FrenchItalian joint Commission for maintenance of Pillars and International Boundary
2 March 2010
Roma, Ministero degli Affari Esteri 17-18 Maggio 2006
Belgium : TraitĂŠ de Courtray 620 km
Luxembourg 620 km
co-ordinates of boundary marks
Germany 450 km
Switzerland 572 km No co-ordinates local co-ordinates system Italy 515 km
ETRS89 Co-ordinates Forests Rivers & coasts Monaco 4 km
Spain Spain 669 km 2 March 2010
Andorra 57 km
the Franco-Italian Boundary Commission – Current Practice: Geodetic measurements, maintenance of marks and documentation by national mapping agencies IGN & IGMI • Since 1989: Determination of co-ordinates for old marks, redetermination for 1948-1994 marks (triangulation, polygonation, then GPS control ) an exhaustive list (2008) • 1995 –1998 Comparison of topographic maps ; sorting out of 21 discrepancies (19/21 – except in Massif du Mont-Blanc) • Photogrammetric plot of ridges
2 March 2010
Redemarcation where watershed is not easy to see
France location in Europe, ď Ž border lengths ď Ž
2 March 2010
Photogrammetric plot of an ambiguous ridge
2 March 2010
2 March 2010
New digital documentation
2 March 2010
State Boundary of Europe (SBE)
EuroGeographics (EG) is an Association of more than 50 National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies (NMCA’s) of 42 European countries.
With geographic data of its members, EG has developed collaborative Products such as : EuroBoundaryMap (seamless administrative limits data base) EuroGlobalMap, digital 1:1,000,000 scale map of Europe EuroRegionalMap, a system of 1:250,000 scale regional coverage.
EG develops collaborative Projects such as SBE,
State Boundaries of Europe Project (formerly EuroBoundariesProject)
2 March 2010
European NMCA’s involvment INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE), article 10: 2. “In order to ensure that spatial data relating to a geographical feature, the location of which spans the frontier between two or more Member States, are coherent, Member States shall, where appropriate, decide by mutual consent on the depiction and position of such common features”.
2 March 2010
State Boundary Project (SBE)
The State Boundaries of Europe (SBE) Project aims at providing and maintaining: • The administrative and legal definitions of State boundaries, based on boundary Treaties, • Their precise geometric description expressed in ETRS89 coordinates of boundary points, marks and lines.
Swisstopo has created the conceptual data model of SBE Robert Balanche : robert.balanche@swisstopo.ch). • Characteristic of the model : interoperability of the information (INSPIRE) • In the model, we can find the technical characteristics of the boundary points marks and lines, with a minimum set of attributes (geographics coordinates, etc) and the related reference documents (scanned treaties or maps, etc).
2 March 2010
Eurogeographics
â&#x20AC;˘ State Boundary Project (SBE), formerly EuroBoundaries Project, since 2004 http://www.eurogeographics.org/sbe
March 2010
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State Boundaries of Europe (SBE)
• Promote the data model, distribute the EB Guidelines and ask the EuroGeographics members to provide their international boundaries, • Maintain close contacts with other EuroGeographics projects and products and with INSPIRE and GMES, • Establish the needs of users and customers. • Swisstopo implements and manages the SBE database, • Investigate the potential of incorporating the international borders in the sea.
March 2010
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SBE Data Model
March 2010
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EuroBoundaries – General Assembly of PCC – June 2007 Project manager : Pierrette Fraisse
Thank you for your attention Any Question ? 1 2 3 4 . 5
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2 March 2010