០㽛⍣ ㅟ⌿ㄿ ㄇ⪗ㄣ≃
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫ www.antarcticocean.org/ko ០㽛⛛㉛᳧
ほ⽤ ᬫ セ ⬟ᚫㄿ ㋣ほ 䀿ᚤ㚛 ◶ ⛛㚛ᗧ 㽐㽃 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $QWDUFWLF 2FHDQ $OOLDQFH $2$ ᱻ ០᳧⍀ㄫ ḿ⇓ⳟᛇ ㅯᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ᘃ 㽛⿔⾷ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ 03$ ᛣ ⾛ᝓ⿔ 1R WDNH 0DULQH 5HVHUYH ㄿ ⬋ㇼㄫ ㈃⼯㼿ⲜᲯ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃ Ď០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 5RVV 6HD ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫ďㄧ ㈃⼯ㄫ 䀼᳧㼿⿓ ᘃ 㽛⿔ ᗨᗨㄿ ⫄㫃㽀 ᗧ㠿⾷ ᳧㽛 ᝓ㚛 ៣ᙗ⍣ ㈃ⳃ㼿ᛇ ≃ⲋ 㽛⾷ 㛯ㇷㄫ ⏅㝻⾛ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ル㽃 $2$ ㄿ ⠫ㄫ ㈃ⳃ㽐Ჯ ០㽛ㄿ 㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシㄫ ᛧ⎓㼿ᱻ ㈃᠗ᝓㅟ ០㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシ⛛ルシ䁳 &RPPLVVLRQ IRU WKH &RQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH $QWDUFWLF 0DULQH /LYLQJ 5HVRXUFHV ㅛ㼿 &&$0/5≃ 㹃᠗
ᱻ ᬫᠳ㎧ ០ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ⬇ᶫㄣ≃ ⬋ㇼ㽃ᱻ ⒐㹃⍣ ⬟デⲜᲯ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ᛇ∋㼿᠗ ル㽃 㽛⿔ịㄫ 䀼ㅟ㼿ᛇ ᘃ 䂫⛛ 㽛⿔⾷ ᳧㽃 㽐⎓ ៣ᙗ⍣ ㈃ⳃ㽐Ჯ ⛟ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ ␣ ᗨ 㽛᳠ 㽛⿔ㄫ ⭳ᘃ㽃 ẋ ㅛ⾛⬃ ᗧㆌ ル㿸ㅟ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ◶ ㅷシ 㘫 ┟㈃ ῷ ᘃ 䂫⛛ 㽛⿔ㄿ ㎧⎓㽀 㽛⽸㽀 ⫄㫃㽀⾷ ᳧㽛 ⬋⑬㼿ᛇ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ᭣ᙗ⍣ ᘃ↜ㄣ≃ ⪛㶛⛬Ჯ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ ᩄㄣ≃ ᗧ㽃 㽛⽸⛛䀟ㄿ ៃ⒏〧 ♻ル⾷ ᳧㽃 ᝳᛇ⪓㽔ㄫ ㈃ⳃ㽐Ჯ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟 ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ 㝃㉬ㄣ≃ ᚗㇼ㼿᠗ ル㽃 ㈃ ㇯㘏⾷ᱻ ⿓䅯 ⪨᳠㽃 ᭟∌ㅛ 㼫ほ㼿ᱻ ㇷㄫ ㅟㇼ㽐Ჯ ㎧᪃ ᬫ ᷀⼯ &&$0/5 䁳シ ◶ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ ០㽛ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ⬋ㇼㄫ ル㽃 ᚫ䁴 ᘃ☃⾷⬃ 㩗 ㎫ㄫ ㅛ⋏⾯ⲜᲯ
Cover image: Emperor penguins, Eastern Antarctica. Image by John B. Weller.
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This ០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫ page: Chinstrap penguins. Image by John B. Weller.
Name of Section
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ &&$0/5ㄿ ᬫ ⒐㹃 ᳓⬘⾷ ᶫェㅛ
&&$0/5 䁳シịㄧ ◟ⅿ ⬟᳧⍣ ル㽃 ㄇ⪗ㄣ≃⬃ ០᳧⍀
᷿ 䅓⏄㼿 ㎫㽰 ㋸ㅟ ᭟∌⾷ ᠗⿓㼿ᛇㅷ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃⍣ 㾳ㇼ㽐Ჯ
㋣ル 㽛⽸⾷ ⬟ᚫ 㝃᳧ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ ᛇㄇ㼿ᛇ ᗧ㠿 ㅯᱻ ០ㄿ 㽛⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣
⬋ㇼ㽇 ⯿ ㅯᱻ ∧ ⾭ᱻ ᠗䁳⍣ ⏅ᛇ ㅯⲜᲯ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᗧ
㎧㪋᠗ ル㽛 &&$0/5 䁳シ ◶ 䁳シㄿ ᛣ㽀㚛〧 㿸∌㼿⿓
⬋ㇼ᷿ ០㽛ㄿ ㋣ほ ⬃Ⳅ㎧〧 ⼯ㄿ ⽣⫄᷀┣ㅛ 㳳ㅟ
㇯㽃 ⛛䀟㉗㠿⍣ ⯿⎤㼿ᛇㅷ 㽐Ჯ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ ⒏ệ 㽛⿔⾷
ㅟᗫ䁃᷀ㄣ≃❧㬗 ⛛䀟☂ㄫ ᙪㅬᲯ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ &&$0/5
᳧㽛⬃ᱻ ⼫Ჯ㎧⎳ ⎵ㄧ 㽛⿔⾷ ᳧㽃 䀼ㇼ ㈃⼯ㄫ 㽐Ჯ 㲠ㇼ
ᗧ ⠫ᛣ ㇼ㠿 ⎓ᴻⳔㄫ ᗧ㎧ᛇ ㅛ ᠗䁳⍣ ㅿ 䁃ゐ㽇 ⯿ ㅯㄣ⎓Ⅳ
ᚤᚫ⬇ㅛ ⾭ᱻ ᝓ⿔⾷ ᳧㽛⬃ᱻ &&$0/5 䁳シịㅛ ᗨ ᝓ⿔ㄿ
◦ⲜᲯ
ᶬ㲠㽃 䀿ᚤ 㲠⬘ㄫ ᛇ∋㼿⿓ ⛛䀟 ⯿㋧ㄫ ᚗㇼ㼿 㛰ᝓ㽐Ჯ
㽃ㄧ シ⽸⾛⾬⾷⬃ ⬟ᚫ ルㄿ ⾛䁴↰ㄫ ᠗≄㼿ᛇ ㅯᛇ &&$0/5
⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃⾷⬃ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫ ◶ ㉬ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽛
ᛧ㽇 ᝓ⿔⾷⬃ᱻ ⒏ệ ⾛㉬ㄿ ⾛䁴↰⾷⬃ ル⍣ 㘏㎧㽯ⲜᲯ 㿫㆓
ᤔ 㼫ほ㽃 ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᛸ♻ル㽃 ⛛䀟⍣ ㈃⼯㽐Ჯ ⬇ㇼḃ
០㽛⾷⬃ᱻ 㚀ㄿ 㽃 ⬇◼ㅛ ㋣≃ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗〧 㩓⎛ㄫ ㋸ⳓㄣ≃
㽛⿔ㄧ ⽸㼿ᛇ ᳧㹃ㅟ ⬃Ⳅ㎧〧 ⫄㫃ᚫ⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ㋸ほ㽃
㉗⾬㼿ᛇ ㅯㄣ ㎫㞃 ⬇◼ ᠗㋧ &&$0/5 䁳シ ㋸ 㝃᳧ㄿ ⾛䁴
⫄┣⽸⬘ 㽜ⳓ㎧ᗧ 㷓㽏ḃ 㽛⿔ịㅬᲯ ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ 㽛⪗ 㽛∠
∌ㄫ ㅷⅸ㼿ᱻ ៃ⒏ㅬᲯ ῷ㽃 㽃ㄧ ᱛ㎯Ↄể〧 㽏ᢿ 㿫㆓ ≃ⲋ
㽛ᝓ Ộᛣ ᘀㄧ ᳧⽸ 㽛 ㎧㿼ㄫ ⠫≖㽃 ⽸㽃 䀿ᚤ ㄇ㿼ᶫ
㽛 ㅣ᳧ㄿ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ⾛䁴↰⾷⬃ 㝃᳧ ㉗⾬ㅬᲯ
㷓㽏ḐᲯ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ㈃⼯⾷ᱻ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷㅟ
㽃ㄧ 㚏 ᛣ㽀ᛣ ᠗Ⰷㄫ ⛛ㄇ㽃 ㈃⪓䁳ㄿ ㋸ほ ᗧㅬᲯ
០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗〧 ᘀㄧ ᛇㄇ㉬ᛣ ᠗㪧 㷓Ⳅㅷịㄿ ⫄䁃⪓ ᚫ⾷
ⳋ㈃≃ 㽃ㄧ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ៣㙿⾷ ㆌ⛛ᛇ ᝓ᠗㎧⍣ ⪯≃ ᙛ⬋ ㋸ㅛ
◿ểⳃ 㼫ほ㽃 ㎧⿔ịㅛ 㷓㽏᷿⾛ ㅯⲜᲯ 㶔ឫᛣ ┣ᘃ Ộ ᠗㪧
㝃㚏 ⮫⡀⬇ ⼫Ⅳ』 䀟⍣ ᙛ㉗㼿ᱻ Ộ ⎵ㄧ ㆓シㄫ 㰓ㅷ㼿⬃
⽸㽀 ⪨ル ᚫㄿ ᷀┣ㄫ ル㽃 ♯Ⳅ ◶ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ㆌ⭳ᶫ ⿓᠗⾷
០⾷⬃ たㄫ 䀼᳧㼿ᛇ ㅯⲜᲯ 㼿㎧⎳ シ⽸⾛⾬ㄫ ⛛ 㽃ㄿ
㷓㽏ḐᲯ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ◶ ᷀០ᛣ ᘀㄧ ㅣ❧ ⛛䀟 ㈃⼯ 㽛⿔ㄧ ㋸ほ㽃
⾬ᚫᱻ ᪈ᛇ 㽔㽛⾷ 㽐㼿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ⾛⬇ ,88 ❯♼ ⠫ៃ㈃ ⠫⛛ᛇ
᠗䂫 ㋧ᙗ㽛⿔ㅛㅷ ⾣ㄳㄿ㉛ ㉬ịㄿ ᠗䂫㼣᪃㙿 ⿔㽇ㄫ 㼿ᛇ ㅯⲜᲯ
㉗⾬䁃᷀ ㈃ ៃㇼㄫ ル◿㼿ᱻ ⾬㚛ị ἳ┟⾷ 》⑬ㄫ ⾢ᛇ ㅯⲜᲯ
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ㈃⼯ㅛ ㅛị 㽛⿔⾷ ᳧㽃 ㆌ᠗ ᵗㅛ㬗 㝼ㄫ
㽃ㄿ シ⽸⾬ᚫᱻ ㋣≃ ᚤ㈃ ㅛㅜ⎳ㄫ 㝻ᝓ㼿ᛇ 㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ
㎧㼿ᛇ 䀼᳧㼿ᱻ ᵗ ᶫェㅛ ᷿⾛ ⽅ㄣ≃ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ◶ 㽛⽸ ⪗⬘䀻
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ⬋ㇼᛣ ᘀㄧ ㈃ ⛛ 䁃᷀⾷ 㽃ㇼḃ ᭟∌⎳ㄫ
Ộㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᠗ ◶ 䀿ᚤ⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌⾷ ᳧㽃 ㋸ほ ᛣ㽀
᠗ゟ⿓ 〻ⲜᲯ 㽃 ᚤ㈃⾷⬃ シ⽸⾛⾬ㅛ 㘏㎧㼿ᱻ ⠫㋸ᛣ
ᝓ㉗⪓ㄿ ᠗◿ㅛ ᷿᠗⍣ ◻ⅴᲯ ᩿⼫ᗧ ᛣᙗㄿ 䁴ㄣ≃❧㬗 䁳⛜
㈃⪓䁳⾷⬃ㄿ ⿔㽇ㄫ ᛇ∋㽛 ⛣ ἳ 㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ ㎧ᝓ䀿ᚤ ◶
㋸⾷ ㅯᱻ ᛇⅿ ┣ᘃ ┣ᛇ᠗ Ộㄿ ᘃ㚛 䁳⛜⾷ᶫ ᶫェㅛ ᷿᠗⍣
⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ ㎧ ᗧ㼿ᛇ 㘬ㅫᗷ ㅯᙳ ᛧ⎓㽇 ㄿ┛ᗧ ㅯⲜᲯ
◻ⅴᲯ
㽃ㄧ ῷ㽃 ☃᳓㽃 ᛣ㽀᠗Ⰷ ᗧ≃⬃ ០㎧⿔⾷⬃ㄿ ᛣ㽀 ᝓ⾷
⬟ᚫㅷ⛛⏠ ,8&1 ㄿ ⬟ᚫᛜシ㜄䁳 1:3& ᱻ ⬟ᚫ 㽛⽸ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ㋸ ⾛ᶫ a ᗧ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⾷ 㷓㽏᷿⾛⽣
ㅯ⾛ ㋸ほ㽃 ㅬ㎧⍣ 㘏㎧㼿ᛇ ㅯㄣ ⾷ Ⅳ ㈃┛᳧⾷⬃ ⎓ᴻⳔㄫ ⛛⿓㋿⽣ 㽇 ἳㅬᲯ
㽇 ᙪㄫ ᝳᛇ㽐Ჯ ០㉗⽤ $QWDUFWLF 7UHDW\ ㄿ ᛣ㽀 ᗧ㠿
ㅛ㈃ 㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ ⚧䀻⍣ ル㽃 ㉗㠿⍣ 㟏㼿ᛇ ᚤ㈃ᘃ☃ᛣ 䀿ᚤ⛛
᠗㋧ᛣ &&$0/5ㄿ シ㡀 ◶ ㎧㡏⾷ Ⅳ ⳋ㽰㽃 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ
⪓ㅛ⾷⬃ ះ㿼ㄫ 㘥ㄫ ἳㅬᲯ ⎓ᛇ ០㽛⾷ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ᛣ
ᝓ㉗⪓⾷ ⍛ ០㽛ㄿ ㅛ⪨ㅛ ᳧ៃ⒏ㄿ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ⬋ㇼ㽇 ⯿ ㅯᶫ≄ 䅿ㄫ ⳋ⾛㋣⾛⽣ 㽐Ჯ
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓≃ⵏ ⎯Ἤ䅯 ⛛䀟☂⼫⽣ 㼿ᱻ 㽛⿔ㅟ ᙪㄣ≃ ᩿㪧᪓ⲜᲯ ㅛ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᱻ ᠗㉛ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᠗㉛ㄿ ⛛㉛ 㽛⿔ ◶ ᚫ䁴ㄫ ❫⬄㼿⿓ 㳳⼬ḃ ᝓ⿔ 㝻ᗧ ㋣ほ 䀿ᚤ ⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣ 㟏㽐㼿⿓ ᚗㇼ㼿ⲜᲯ
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ ㄳᛣ ᘀㄧ ⬟ᚫ ㋣ほ 䀿ᚤ㚛 ◶ ⛛㚛 ㅷ⬇㚛ịㄫ ៃ㽐㽃 1*2 ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㅬᲯ ០⛛䀟㽐 $62& ⟻⋏ ⎯⎗ 㳳゛ᵗㅛ⬿ ⎗㼣ⲋ ◟⬿ ⟻⋏ ◟ 》⬿ⲋ ◟ ::) ᷀┣⛜㎧⍣ ル㽃 ㈃᠗ ,)$: 㽛⽸ 㿫䁐⾷ ᛧ㽃 ㈃㻫≃ ,362 Ⅳⲋ㲟 》⬿ 㷓⎓ⲋ㲟 ⽋ể ♫ể ᱛ㎯Ↄể (&2 ᱛ㎯Ↄể Ἄハㅛ⟳ ᶬㅣ 䄛ㅟ ⭳⪓ㅛ⾛㳗 ㅟ㬗⬻ 㽃ㄿ 䀿ᚤ゛᷀㽐 .)(0 ᛣ ⳃ◣䀿ᚤᝓ⭳ ᛇⅿ ◶ ᶳᛇⅿ ⛛㉛ 㿸䁳 ◶ 〧 ᳧㽃 㚃ㅷシ⛛䀟㿸䁳 15'& ⎓᭟⚇ㅛ⬿ 㾯⟳ ㋸ 》⬟⼫᩿ ᠗㪧 ⬟ᚫ ⎵ㄧ 㚛ịㅛ 㽏ᢿ㽐Ჯ
Name of Section
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
3
CONTENTS ␟⎓⎷
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸
᠗䂫⚧䀻
⾛⾬
᠗㪧 ル㿸
&&$0/5 ០㽛⽸⫄┣⛛ルシ䁳 ⽅⾷ ㋣⾛㎫ ᠗䁳
០㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 㽃ㄿ ⿔㽇
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០◿ᶫ $QWDUFWLF 3HQLQVXOD
ハᵟ 㽛 :HGGHOO 6HD
&&$0/5ㄿ ☐ ㉗㙿 㚇㽀⾷ ㅬᗨ㽛 ⳋ㽰㽃 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ᝓ⾷ ⍛ ០㽛ㄿ ㅛ⪨ㅛ ᳧ៃ⒏ㄿ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓≃ ⎯Ἤ䅯 ⛛䀟ᷣ⽣ 㼿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ ể⇓᪓
⪓ⲋ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 ㎧⿔ 6RXWK 6FRWLD 6HD 5HJLRQ
⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ 6RXWK 2UNQH\ ,VODQGV
⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ 6RXWK *HRUJLD
⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫ ⼫㩓 6RXWK 6DQGZLFK ,VODQGV $UF
⒏ể ㄜ᠗ 0DXG 5LVH
⛛⚚ %RXYHW \D
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㩓≃㈃ ㎧⿔ 'HO &DQR &UR]HW 5HJLRQ
〜 2E ◶ ⇯᩿ /HQD 㽛㯛
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㽛⿔ ᛜ㽛 'HO &DQR 5HJLRQ +LJK 6HDV
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔ .HUJXHOHQ +LJK 6HDV 5HJLRQ
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ ᛜ㽛 .HUJXHOHQ 3ODWHDX +LJK 6HDV $UHD
◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛 %$1=$5( %DQN
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔ .HUJXHOHQ 3URGXFWLRQ =RQH
ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃⫄┣ 䀿ᚤ ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ %HQWKLF (QYLURQPHQW
᷀០ ᳧⍀❼ (DVWHUQ $QWDUFWLF 6KHOI
≃ⲋ 㽛 5RVV 6HD ㎧⿔
≃ⲋ 㽛 5RVV 6HD
㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⪗ 3DFLILF 6HDPRXQWV
☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ %DOOHQ\ ,VODQGV
⼫┟㈇ $PXQGVHQ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛 %HOOLQJVKDXVHQ 6HDV
4
㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ 3HWHU , ⬓
㘟ᛇ┟㾳
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
Iceberg in the Southern Ocean. Image © Greenpeace / Jiri Rezac.
CONTENTS
␟⎓⎷ ᗷ⭳㼿ᱻ 㝻⬟ㅛ㎧⎳ ០ ㎧⿔⾷ᱻ ⼫㎨ᶫ ឧᗧ ᗸᶫ≄ ᨯ㎯᠗ᙳ
០㽛ᱻ ⬟ᚫ ◻ㄿ ⽤ ㇼᶫ⍣ 㘏㎧㼿㎧⎳
ゟ⾛᳧ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㶔ឫ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ᗧ ㅯ ῷ㽃 ០ ㎧⿔⾷ᱻ
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ῷᱻ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ㄣ≃ ⾫ᚐ䅯 ⛛䀟᷿ᛇ ㅯᱻ
㎧ᝓ ⪨⾷⬃ ḷ ♯㏟≃ ᘃ㚛⯿ᗧ ⎵ㄧ 㷓ㄇ⌿ㅟ ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃ᗧ ⯿☘⎳
ᛚㄧ ❯ᛣ ◟⎳ㅛ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ
⎯⎓ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᛇ ㅯ
⼫ⅿㄿ &&$0/5 㿸⽤ ㈃ ㉗⾷ ⬃Ⰷḃ ᳧ シ㡀⾷ Ⅳ
⼫⎯ ㎧⎓ ᚐ⎓〧 ០㽃ㄿ ᠗䂫 ἳ┟⾷ ០㽛ㄿ ㅣ❧ 㽛⿔ㅛ ㎧ᝓ
០㽛⽸⫄┣ㄿ 㽐⎓ ㅛゐ ᛧ⎓〧 㽏ᢿ ០㽛⽸⫄┣ㄫ
⪨⾷⬃ ᗧㆌ ⭷⪨᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ 㽛⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫ≃ ⼿ㄫ ᙪㅛ ㋸ ≃ⲋ 㽛〧 ハᵟ 㽛ᱻ ᛸ♻ル㼿ᙳ 㵣㎫ 》ᛣ たⅿ㉬ ㅟ⏄ ⾛䁴
⛛㉛㼿ᱻ &&$0/5ㄿ ㋸ㇷ ⒐㹃〧 ㅣ㠿㽃
᠗㪧 ᳧ៃ⒏ ⪨⾬ ⾛䁴ㄫ 㼿ᛇ ⼫ ㅯᱻ ḷ ㎧⿔ㅛ ㅛ㙿⇣ 䃣⭷᷿㎧ ⼱ᛇ ⼫ ㅯᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫᗧ ០䅯 ㄧ ⯿⾷ ❯ᛣ㼿᠗ ἳ┟⾷
⾛䁴᷿ᱻ ㅷシㅛ ㄇ㎧ḇ ⯿ ⾭ㄫ ⯿㋧ ㅛ㼿≃ ᗷ⭳᷿ᱻ ᙪㄫ ☐㎧㽃
ㅟᗫㄿ ᳧ៃ⒏ ᘃㅬㅛ ⾭ㅛ ⫄㫃ᚫᗧ ⾛ᾢᙳ ᠗㼿ᱻ㎧⍣ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㅛ ᝓ㽇 ⯿ ㅯᱻ ㆌ⭳ ⿔ⳃ ⯿ㄣ≃ ᗷ⭳㼿ᛇ ㅯ
០㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシ ㋸ ⾛䁴᷿ᱻ ㅷシᛣ ⾷ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ
⍟ ◻ㄿ ᚤ ᛣᙗ ᛇⅿ ⪓ᫌ ┣ᘃ ⪓ᫌ ┣ᛇ᠗ 䁴ㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛⬃
ㅷシ ◶ ᛧᚫ᷿ᱻ ㅷシ ⪓ㅛㄿ ⫄㫃㽀 ᛧᚫ⍣ ㄇ㎧㼿ᛇ
ᘃ㚛⯿ᗧ 㿫䅯 ㋫⾯ 㽰䅯 ㎧ᝓ ⛛ ᭟∌⾷ 䅿ㅬ⾛ ㅣ❧
㼫ほ㽃 ᚤ 䁳⛜ⳃ㪏
ᛇⅿㄿ ᘃ㚛⯿ᱻ ㅛ㈃ 䁳⛜⬟⍣ ⛛ㅛᛇ ㅯᛇ ㅛ⾷ 䁴᷿⾯ᴿ ┣ᘃ
ᗧ㽃 㝃ᛇ ⯿㋧ㄿ ᛣ㽀⾷ ᠗㛯㼿⿓ 㽛⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷
㉬ị ⿔ⳃ ┣ᘃ ⪓ᫌ ㋸ ㅛ䂫 ᘃ㚛⯿ᗧ 㩓ᙳ 䁳⛜᷿⾯ ᬫ ㅛ䂫 &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃ ⪨⾬㉗⾬ㄧ ᳧❧❫ ㈃ ᛧ⎓ ᳧⪨ㅛ
⚧䀻⍣ 㛯ⅿ㽇 ⯿ ㅯᱻ ル㾿⬘ㄫ 㝃⭳䀻㽃
᷿⾯ 㼿㎧⎳ ❯♼ ⠫ៃ㈃ ⠫⛛ᛇ ,88 ⾛䁴ㅛ ᚫ㽛⬃ 㩗 ル㿸ㅛ ᷿ᛇ ㅯ ⎓ᱻ ០᳧⍀ㄫ ⼫⍫゛ ⡀㼿ᗧ ẋᵕᛇ ㅯᱻ ❯⒏ㄿ ᷀㮇㎧⿔ㄣ≃ ㉬㉬ ⓿⪓㼿ᛋ 㽃 㼿㎧⎳ ⪓ⳋ ០᳧⍀ㄧ ⫄┣ 㲠䅯 㽛⽸⫄┣ㅛ 㹴❧㽃 ᳧⍀ㅛ ⾣ㄳ ᵕㅟ ᳧⽸ㄿ 㹃 ⼫ⅿ⾷ᱻ ☄ㄧ ⡂ᠻㄿ ❯ᗧ⪓⎓ 㽛 ◶ ᠗㪧 』ᗽ 㿼㫃〧 㩓᠗⍣ ㎧Ჳ 㽛 ⬃Ⳅ ⫄┣ịㅛ
០㽛ㄿ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㅛ ᭹ㄧ ㋣ほ シㅟ ㋸ 㼿᩿ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ㎧⎓ 㲠⬘ㅛ 㽛⽸ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ ル㽃 㾯⟳≃ ⼳∋㎫ 㽛⪗ịㅛ 〜 2E ◶ ⇯᩿ /HQD 㽛㯛 ㎧⿔ ០㽛ㄿ ᷀ㅟᶫ⽸ ㎧⿔ ⛛⚚ ⬓ %RXYHWø\D ㅛ ル㠿㽃 ᳧⬃⽸ ㋸⽀㽛∠ PLG $WODQWLF ULGJHV ㄫ
』㮜 ẋᵕᛇ ㅯ
㷓㽏㽃 ០㽛 ⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ❨㒤㎧⿔⾷ 䅐⾛ ㅯ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⎸ᛇ 㼿⽧ 㼣〧 ❧᷀ ┣㎯ㄫ ㎧Ჳ ᪖⬇ ┣ᛇ᠗ịㅛ ┣᠗Ṍ⾷ Ⰿ⾛⬃
㽛᳧ ⒏ể ㄜ᠗ ◿ㅷ⇯ %$1=$5( 㽛㯛ᱻ ᳧䅯 ⫄⪗⬘ㅛ ᭹ᛇ
⪛⼫ᗧᱻᗧ 㼿 㽛⯿⾷ᱻ 㶔ឫ ◻⪯ ┣ᘃ ◶ ᛇⅿᗧ ⾣ㄳ
⫄┣㽀ㄣ≃ 㹴ほ≃゛ ㎧⿔ịㄿ ᠗◿ㅛ ᷿ᱻ ㄜ᠗ 㽛 ᝓ⿔ㅛ
⪓ㅛ⾷ ┛⯿䅯 ⬃Ⳅ㼿⬃ 㩓⎛ㅛ 㹴❧㽃 ⯿⿔⾷⬃ ␠ㅛ ⪓ᫌㄫ 㽃
ᙳᗧ ០㽛 ⬓ịㄿ ᳧❧❫ㄫ ᗷⳟᛇ ㅯᱻ ⯿⿔ㄧ 㽛⽸ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄿ
⼫㎨ ⳓ㽛 ῷᱻ ⾣ㄳ ⼫ⅿㄿ ⯿⎵ㄧ 㽛⽸ ⬃Ⳅ㎧⾷ ᳧㽃 ᝓᗧ
㋸ⳓ㎧ㅛ 㷓Ⳅㅷị⾷ᙳ ㋸ほ㽃 ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ᝓ⿔ ◶ ♯Ⳅ㙿⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃
㎫㽰᷿㎧ᱻ ⼱⼿㎧⎳ ០ ᝓ 㪷㾿᳧ᱻ ᛣ㽀ᚫ⾷ ⼳∋㎫ ◻ ⾭ᱻ
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ ᳧㹃ㅟ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔
⪯≃゛ ㉬ㄫ ᙗㄿ ⏋♯ ☃ᚓ㽃 ㅛ ⽸㽃 ០㽛ㄿ ⫄┣ịㄧ ㎧ᝓ
ᬋ㲟コ㩓 ⬋ㇼㄫ ル㽛 㽛 ◶ シ⽸ ⫄㫃㎧⿔ㄫ 㷓㽏㽛 ᛸ♻ル㽃
⪨ㄿ ⍟ ⾛ỻ⾷⬃ᶫ ☃ᚓ᷿㎧ ⼱ᱻ ០ ㎧⿔ㄧ ㎫ㇼ ㎧ᝓ 㝃䂫
⽸㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ㎸㽐ㄣ≃ ⛛ㄇ㽃 㽛⿔ịᛣ 㲠ㅛ㽃
⽣⫄᷀┣ㄿ ⛛⋏≃ ⼫ㅯᱻ ᙪㅛ
⫄┣㽀 㲠⬘ㄫ ᗽᛇ ㅯᱻ 㽛⿔ịㄫ 㳳⼬㽯 ㎸㋸ㅟ ㉗⪓ᗧ
ᙗ⬣ ◻ⅳᛣ 㝻ル⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ០ ㎧⿔ㄧ ⯿⎵ㄧ 㽛⽸㉗⌿〧 㽛⽸
ㅛ⋏⾛㎧㎧ ⼱ㄧ ០ 㽛⿔⾷ ᳧㽛⬃ ⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ ⫄┣㽀ㄣ≃ ㋸ほ㽃
㷓ㄇ⌿⍣ ❧⽸㽃 ㋸ ⎵ㄧ ㉬ịㅛ ㄈ㎧⾷⬃ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᛇ ◻⾷⬃
⬃Ⳅ㎧ᗧ ㉛㆓㽇 ᗧ⬘ㄫ ㈃ⳃ㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ ㎧㿼㽀 㲠⬘ㄿ ㉛㆓〧
␠ㅛ⍣ ⾢ᱻ ⬟ᚫㄣ≃ ᳧㿼 㷓ㄇ⌿ ◶ ㉗⌿ㄿ ᘃ㚛⯿ᗧ ᳧❧❫
⫄┣⽸⬘ ⫄┣㎧⎓㽀⾷ 㛯ㇷㄫ ⏅㝻ᛇ ㅯ
␟⎓⎷
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
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Image Ima g by Joh ge ohn oh n B. B Weller
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸 ០㽛ㄿ ◟ⅿᱻ ❯䀼ⳋ㼿 ᠗䂫⚧䀻〧 ≃ ㅟ㽛 ☃⫄㼿ᱻ ᠗』 㽛⌿ ⡀⪨⿔㽀ㄿ ⚧䀻ᗧ ㅛ ⛜ㆈ㽃 ០㎧ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ 㽛㚛ⳃ㪓 㫃⬟ㅛ ᛣᙗ ㎧᩿㡃 䁴ㄣ≃ ⎵ㄧ ⾛㉬ᛣ ᳧❧❫ㄿ ᛇⅿ⌿ᗧ ⼫㎨ᠳ㎧ᶫ ᘃ㚛⯿⍣ 〫䅯 䁳⛜㼿㎧ ⒢㼿ᛇ ㅯ 㿫㆓ ⳃ㽰᷿ᛇ ㅯᱻ ⛛䀟 ㉗㙿⎳ㄣ≃ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ⫄㫃ᚫ〧 ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ ⛛㼿᠗⾷ 㞐❫㼿㎧ ⒢㼿 ⾛ᝓ⿔ᛣ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⬋ㇼㄧ ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫᗧ ㎨㽃 ル㿸ㄫ ㋫ㅛᙗ᩿ ⾭⽇ᱻ ᵗ ᶫェㅛ ḇ ᙪㅛ
᠗䂫⚧䀻 ㅛ⪗䀻㪫⭳ &2 ☗㞃 ㎄ᗧ⍣ 㮜㽛 ㅟ⌿ᗧ 㛯ⅿ㽃 ៰ᚐ㽃 ᠗䂫⚧䀻ᗧ ㎧ᝓ 㚛⾷ 㾌ㄫ ◟㠿ᛇ ㅯ ⾣ㄳㄣ≃ ẋᵕㅟ ០ ㎧⿔ㄧ ㋸⾷⬃ᶫ ᗧㆌ ៰ᚐ䅯 ⚧㼿ᛇ ㅯᱻ ㎧⿔⾷ 㽃 㼿㎧⎳ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌ㅛ ០ ㎧⿔⾷ ះㅣ㼿ᙳ ㅣ⾛᩿ᛇ ㅯᱻ ᙪㄧ ⼫Ჯ ⬃០ ㅣ❧ ㎧⿔ㄧ ᬫᛣ ᬫ ⪓ㅛ⾷ 㶰ះ 』ᶫᗧ ġ ㄿ ㎄ᗧ⍣ ⛛ᱻᵗ ㅛᱻ ㎧ᝓ ⪨ ⾛ᱷ ㎧⿔⛛ᶫ ᗧ㳳⍟ ᗫ 』ᶫ ⪨Ⲡㅛ ◿ ០᳧⍀ㄿ ⍟ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ᱻ ᠗』ㅛ ∋ᗧᛇ ㅯ ῷ㽃 ០ ㎧⿔ㄿ ㎧ㅟ ᚫ㇯ 》㉛ ᝓ ᬫ᳧ 㛯⾷ ៃ⑬᷿⾯ㄳ ㅛ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㞐ᚐㄫ ⼬䀻ⳃ㪓 ⯿ᶫ ㅯᱻ ㎄ᙗᗧ
Pagothenia borchgrevinki Notothenioid family. Image by John B. Weller.
ㅯ
⡀❼
㽛⡀
⡀❼ㄧ ㄈ㎧ㄿ ⡀㼿〧 ⡀⪨ㄣ≃❧㬗 ⢾⾛ ᩿〧 ◻⾷ ḷᢴᙳ ᾇㅯᱻ
០᳧⍀ ㋣⚧⾷ ⏋ᬫ 㽛⡀ㅛ 㿼⬘᷿ ᚗᛣㄣ≃ ០᳧⍀ㄿ 㩓᠗⍣
⾣ㄳ ᵐ⾛⎓≃ ḷᢿᗧ ⯿☘ ◟㬗⾷ ㅛ⍛㎧⎳ ០ ㎧⿔ ⿔⾷
ḷ ☗≃ ⎳ệ ∧ㅟ 㽛⡀ㄿ ⫄⬘ᛣ ⯇㯛ᱻ ㅣ㘏 ⫄⪗∌ㄫ 㷓㽏㽛
ᙟ㡃 ⎵ㄧ ㎧ㇷ⾷⬃ ៰ᚐ䅯 ❼᷿ᛇ ㅯ ㅛ㙿⇣ ⡀❼ㅛ ❼ḇ ἳ
⫄㫃ᚫ ᛣㇼㄫ ㎫㽰ⳃ㪋ᛇ ⽸㽃 ⫄┣⾷ᙳ ⫄䁃⪓ ◿⾷ ᙟ㚷
⡀❼ᛣ ᚗḃ ⡀㼿ᗧ ㄈ㎧≃❧㬗 ◻≃ ᴻ ⡇⍛ᙳ ㄇㅬ᷿⾛ ᭠ㄫ ⯿
⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 ០◿ᶫ〧 ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛 %HOOLQJVKDXVHQ
ㅯ ᬫ ᙗ᳧㽃 Ⅳⲏ % ⡀❼ /DUVHQ % ,FH 6KHOI ㅛ ᾏ⾛
6HD ㋣⚧⾷⬃ᱻ 㽛⡀ㅛ 㯛㉗㽯ᛇ 㽛⡀ ᚫ㇯ᶫ ᘃセ 㝼᷿⾯
᩿〻ᛇ ㅛ⾛⬃ ᬫ⾷ᱻ ン㪏ⲋ ⡀❼ :LONLQV ,FH 6KHOI ㄿ
០◿ᶫ ❨㒤ㄿ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 6FRWLD 6HD ᱻ ០㽛 㽛⡀ㄿ ᗷ⭳≃
ㅣ❧ᗧ ❼᷿⾯ ⼫┟㈇ 㽛≃ 䄿⇓ểᱻ 㳳ㅟ⬓ ⡀㼿 3LQH ,VODQG
ᗧㆌ 㩗 㪧ᚐㄫ ㅬㄧ ᙪㄣ≃ ⛛ㅟ 㽛⡀ㄿ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⚧䀻ᱻ
*ODFLHU ᗧ ⡇⍟ ᶫ≃ ᭠ᛇ ㅯㄣ ㅛ ⡀㼿ㄿ ㋣ほ❧ᗧ 㾌䂫
⼫⎯ᶫ a ⾷ ㅛ⍛ᱻ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 㩓⎛ㄿ ᗷ⭳〧 ᛧ∏᷿⾛
ᬫ ⾷ ◻⍣ ᾇᲷ ⯿ᶫ ㅯᱻ 㠈ᶫ ㅯ ㅛ〧 ᘀㄧ ㅣㅛ
ㅯㄫ ᙪㅛ ⾣ㄳㄿ ㉛㆓ᱻ 㩓⎛ㄿ ㅣ⫄⾷ ◿ểⳃ 㼫ほ㽃 ᙪㄣ≃
ㅣ⾛᩿ᱻ ᚤ ⬃០ ⡀⪨ 㚛ㄿ ❫㽛⍣ 㛰☃㽇 ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯᱻᵗ
⛛ㅛᱻᵗ 㲠䅯 ⾣ㄳ ◸ㄿ ◟⫄┣ㄫ ␠ᛇ ㅷⅣᱻ ⾛⎗ ㄇ⫄ 㩓⎛ㄿ
ᚗᛣ 㽛⯿ㅛ ⪨Ⲡ㼿ᛇ ◻᳞┣ㄿ ᶫᗧ ⚧䀻㼿⿓ ㎧ᝓ 䀿ᚤ⾷
⫄㉛⾷ 㼫⯿ㅛ 㩓⎛ㄧ ⯿⎵ㄧ ᛇⅿ ┣ᘃ 㶔ឫ ┣ᛇ᠗ㄿ
㠿⑬ㅟ ⚧䀻⍣ ᗧ〓 ⯿ ㅯ
㋸ほ㽃 ␠ㅛᗧ ᷿᠗ ἳ┟⾷ 㩓⎛ㄿ ᘃ㚛⯿ ᗷ⭳ᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫ ◿⾷ ᙟ㚷 ᚫㄣ≃ 㾌ㄫ ◟㡇 ⯿ ㅯ ῷ㽃 㽛⡀ㄿ ᗷ⭳ᱻ ⎵ㄧ 㽛⽸ ᷀┣ 㲠䅯 ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃〧 ᘀㄧ ᷀┣⾷ 㾌ㄫ ◟㠿ᱻᵗ ㅛ ᷀┣ㄿ ᚤ
6
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸
⫄䁃⪓ㄿ ⿓⇓ ᚫ⍣ ㎧᩿ᱻ ᷀⼯ 㽛⡀⾷ ᚗㇼㄣ≃ ㄿ㉛㽃
⾛⾬
ㅛ〧 ᳧㉗ㄣ≃ ០᳧⍀ㄿ ◿᳧ 㒤⾷ ㅯᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ᚤ 㽛⡀ㅛ ᙳ ⯇㯛㼿ᛇ ㅣ㗴 ⫄⬘᷿⾛ 㽛⡀ ᚫ㇯ㅛ ᘃセ ㅛ⪨ ᱿⾛᪓
០㽛ᱻ ㎧⎓ㄣ≃ ᛇ⎤᷿⾛ ㅯ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ㎧ᝓ ⪨⾷⬃ ㅟᗫㄿ
❧❫ㄣ≃ ㎧ㅟ 》㉛ ᝓ ⫄⬘ ἳ┟ㅣ ⯿ᶫ ㅯᱻ 㽛⡀ ᚫ㇯ㄿ
㎨ㇸㅟ ㅷシ 㘫㟏 ⭷ㅛ ᗧㆌ ᩿㋸⾷ ◟㡃 ㎧⿔ㅛ ⇓᩿
ㆌ᠗䀻ᱻ ㅣ㘏 ⫄⪗∌ㄿ ᗷ⭳⍣ ㄿ◟㽃 㽛⡀ㄿ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⚧䀻ᗧ
ᬫ᳧⾷ ០㽛ᗧ ☃ᚓḃ ㎨䂫 ⪨⾬ ⪓ᫌᦣịㅛ ㆓⡇⍛ᙳ ០᳧⍀
㎧⿔ㄿ ⽣⫄᷀┣⾷ 㩗 㾌ㄫ ◟㡇 ⯿ ㅯ ㅛ⍣㬳 ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ㅣ❧
㋣⚧⾷ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ᷀┣ịㄫ 㷓䁴㼿᠗ ⳃㅸ㽯 㙿ㄳ⾷ᱻ ┣ᘃ⍣
⼫ᵟ⎓㶔ឫ ㎸ㄧ ᚏゟ⾷ ␠ㅛ 䁃᷀ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ⾣ㄳ ⾟⎓⾷ ᴻ ᗧᠳㅛ
⪓ᫌ㽯ᛇ ㄳ⾷ᱻ 㤻ᩣ⎓㽛㹃⍣ ⪓ᫌ㽯ㄣ ㅛ⾛⬃ ᳧㿼 ᛇⅿ ◶
ㅯ⾛⽣ 㼿ᱻᵗ ⾣ㄳ ⾟⎓ᗧ ịㄿ ⬃Ⳅ㎧≃❧㬗 ㇷㇷ ⾛㎧ᛇ
⑮ ㉬ㄿ ⾛⌿ ⪓ᫌㄣ≃ ㅛ⾛㈳ ᚗᛣ ⬟᠗ 䂫◿⾷ ㅛ⍛⇓⬃ᱻ
ㅯ
ㅣ❧ ┣ᘃ ㉬⌿ᗧ ⪓ᫌㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛 ᙗㄿ ㉬᷿⾯ᛇ ⬟᠗ 䂫◿⾷ᱻ
㎧ㅟ ⡀⪨ㄿ ❼〧 㽛⡀ㄿ ⯇㯛ᱻ ⾣ㄳ⾷ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ ⫄┣ㄿ ㅛ᷀ᛣ ルᶫ⪨ ᴻ ™㽃 ㎧⿔⾷⬃ 』 ㅟㇸ㉬ ◶ たⅿ㉬⾷ ㄿ㽃 ㆇ㆓ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ 㿼⬘ㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ 㽛⽸ 䀿ᚤ⾷ ០ㅟ ⚧䀻⍣ 㛯ⅿ㽇 ᙪㅛ 㽃㶟 ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⚧䀻ᗧ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᷀Ⳅ┣⾷ ◟㠿ᱻ 㾌ㄫ ᚏ
ㅣ❧ ᛇⅿ ㉬⌿ᗧ ⪗⾬ 㷓ᚤㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛 ㉬ ル᠗⾷ 㙿㼿ᙳ ᷿⾯ ⠫≄ ㅣ❧ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ៃ⒏ᗧ 䁳⛜ㄿ ⳇ䀟⍣ ⛛ㅛᛇᱻ ㅯ㎧⎳ ᳧㿼 ᛇⅿịㄧ ⛟ⅿㄿ ᘃ㚛 ៃ⒏⾷ ⠫㽛 ០䅯 ㅣ❧⎳ㅛ ⼫ ㅯㄫ ⦷ㅛ ῷ㽃 ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿〧 ᘀㄧ ㅣ❧ ⾛㉬ㄿ ᘃ㚛⯿ᱻ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱⼿
ㅛ㽛㼿᠗ ⳃㅸ㽯ㄫ ⦷ㅛ ㇼ㘬ㄫ ⬟᠗ ル㽃 ㇼ⛛ ㈃ᛜ⾷ ᶫェㄫ ㋣᠗ ル㽛⬃ᱻ ⬃០◿ᶫ〧 ᘀㅛ ០ㅟ 㽛⡀ 㯛㉗ ㎧⿔ㄿ ㉬⾷ ᳧㽃 ⪨䀟ㄿ㉛ 㾌ㅛ ᝓ᷿⾛⽣ 㽃
❯ᛣ ᬫ ᷀⼯ 㽛⽸ㄿ ⪗⬘ᶫᱻ ᩿ ᭹⼫㈳ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᚤ㾌ㅛ ᚫ᷿ ⬄䁳㎯ ㄇ᠗㚛ㄿ ᢴ㎯ ◶ ᛏᚐㅛ ゐ㽛᷿⾛ ᶳㅛ㪓 ⯿ ⾭ᱻ ᚗᛣᗧ 㛯ⅿḇ ᙪㅛ 㽛⽸ ⪗⬘䀻 䀻⬄⊳ㄿ ⭳⾷⬃ ᩿》ᱻ ㅛ⪗䀻㪫⭳ ◶ ᠗㪧 』ⳋᗧⲋ⍣ ㅟ⌿ᗧ ᳧᠗㋸⾷ ᚫ ☗㞃㼿᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ◻ᱻ 㪫⭳⍣ 䅈⯿㼿ᛇ 䅈⯿ḃ ㅛ
Antarctic toothfish caught in the South Shetlands. Image by Darci Lombard.
㪫⭳ᱻ S+ ⯿㠿⍣ ᾏ⾛ℏ∋ ◻᳞┣ㄫ ᴻ ⪗⬘ㄣ≃ ⎳ệ ❯ᛣ ㎧᪃ ᬫ ᷀⼯ 㽛⽸ㄧ ᩿ ᴻ ⪗⬘䀻᷿⾯ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᚤ㾌ㅛ ᚫ᷿
ᛣᙗㄿ ,88 ❯♼ ⠫⛛ᛇ ⠫ៃ㈃ ⾛⾬⾷ ᳧㽃 ᠗⾜ ἳ┟⾷
⬄䁳㎯ ㄇ᠗㚛ịㄧ 㽛≃゛ 㾌⾷ ⳃ᳓⎛ ᙪㅛ &2 ㄿ ㄇㅬㄣ≃
ᬫ᳧ ◶ ᬫ᳧ㄿ ០ 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ㄿ ᘃⳃᱻ ០㉗⽤ ᳠⪓ ◶
㪫⪗ ㅛ』ㄿ ㅛゐ ᗧ⬘ㅛ ᗷ⭳㼿ᱻ ᷀⼯ ㎄ᗧ㽃 ⪗⬘ㅛ ⬄䁳㎯
ᛣ㽀ㅷị ⪓ㅛ⾷ ㎫㎧㽃 ᭣ㄿ⍣ ❯⇓ㅣㄣ㤗 ០㽛 ␠ㅛ⪓ⲓㄿ
ㄇ᠗㚛ㄿ ᢴ㎯ᛣ ᛏᚐㄫ ゐ㽛ⳃ㪓 ⯿ ㅯᱻᵗ ㅛ⇓㽃 㿫⪨ㄧ ᩿⼫ᗧ
㋸ⳓ⾷ ㅯᱻ 㩓⎛ㄿ ⿔㽇ㄫ ᛇ∋㽇 ἳ ㄇ⪓㽃 ☐Ⳅㄿ 䁴ㅛ ᳧㿼
ᢴ㎯ᛣ ᛏᚐㄿ 㿼⬘ ∌ㄫ ☐㽛㼿ᙳ ḃ
ᛇⅿ ㉬ㄿ ᘃ㚛⯿ 䁳⛜ㄫ ⎰ᛇ ⍟ ㉬⾷ᙳᶫ ᳧㆓⽀ㅛ ḇ ⯿ ㅯᛇ
០㽛ㄿ 㘏ᗧ゛ ⯿⿔ㄧ ™㽃 ⯿⿔⾷ ⠫㽛 㪫⪗㡣Ɀㄿ ᭴ᶫᗧ ᴻ
⎵ㄧ ⪓ⅳịㅛ ∋㽯 ㅛ⾷ ᳧ㄸ㼿⿓ ០㉗⽤ ᳠⪓ịㅛ
᪕ᛇ ㅛ⾷ Ⅳ ㄇ᠗㚛ᗧ 㽛≃゛ 㾌⾷ ⳃ᳓⎓᠗ ⳃㅸ㼿ᱻ ㅫᚫㇷ⾷
០㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシ⛛㿸⽤ &$0/5 &RQYHQWLRQ ㄿ 㿸⪨ㄫ ᘃⳃ㽯
ᴻ ᗧᡄ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ 㾌䂫 ᬫ ㅛ⾷ ㅜ㉘⌿ ◟⬟㽃 㽛⽸
㿸⽤ㄧ ᬫ⾷ 〫ᚗ᷿⾛ ᬫ⾷ ☃䂏᷿⾯ᛇ ⾛⾬ㅛ ⒐㹃
᳓㴤ㅛ 〧 ᘀㄧ ㋣ほ 㻳ⅸ㩓㮋 ㉬ịㅛ ᴻ ㅛ⪨ 㲣㲣㽃 ᢴ㎯ㄫ ⎳ị ⯿
⾛㉬ㄧ ┣≇ ០㽛 㚛 ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷ ❧ㇼㅟ 㾌ㄫ ᩣ㠿㎧ ⼱ᶫ≄
⾭ㄫ ᙪㄣ≃ 㠈㼿ᛇ ㅯ ⳃᗫㅛ 䄷⍛ ㅜ㉘⌿ᱻ ᢴ㎯ㄫ 㿧
ᛧ⎓㼿ᱻ ㅫ┛⍣ ⏈ᙳ ᷿⾯ 㿸⽤⾷ ᳛ Ď㚛≃⬃ㄿ ⫄㫃ᚫď シ㡀ㄧ
⎳ị ⯿ ⾭ᙳ ḇ ⯿ᶫ ㅯ ㅜ㉘⌿᩿ ᠗㪧 ᢴ㎯ㄫ ⎳ểᱻ ᷀┣ㅛ
㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシ ᛧ⎓⾷ ㅯ⾛ ㋸᳧㽃 ㎫ㅣ⛛
⪓Ⅳ㎧ᙳ ᷿ ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫ ◿⾷ ᙟ㚷 ᚫㄣ≃ ᶳㅛ㪓 ⯿ ⾭ᱻ ⚧䀻ᗧ 㛯ⅿḇ ᙪㅛ
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
7
㩓⎛
⾛⌿ ㉗⾬
㩓⎛ㄧ ០㽛 ⿔⾷⬃ ⛣ ⯿ ㅯᱻ ⪯㙿⇣ ⫄ ᗸᗨ⌿≃ 㝃᳧ ᘃ㚛ㄧ ⬃ ᳧⬃⽸⾷ ㅯ
ᬫ᳧⾷ᱻ ⾛❧ịㅛ ㅣ❧ ០⼯ㄿ
⿓⇓ ᩿Ⅳᗧ ០◿ᶫ〧 ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ 6RXWK *HRUJLD ⬓ ◶ ⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ 6RXWK 2UNQH\
⬓ ㅟ៣⾷⬃ ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿 㣯⡀⾛
ᶫ ㋣⚧⾷⬃ ᬫ ⳃ㍳⾷ 㩓⎛ㆈㅛ ㉗⾬ㄫ ⳃㅸ㽯 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ㄧ ៰ᚐ䅯 ⬘ㆌ㼿⿓
䁳⪰ᶳ㠿 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫⼻㠿 ០⠫᱿㠿
ᬫ᳧⾷ 㮋ㄣ≃ 㝃ᛇ㉗⾷ ㅛ⍛⇧ᛇ ㅛ䂫≃ ⾛䁴↰ㅛ ᗷ⭳㼿⿓ ᬫ᳧
ンⲏ⡀⾛⍣ ㆈ᠗ ル㽃 㲟≋ ㉗⾬ㄫ
㛯⾷ᱻ 㶰ះ ᗫ ⾛䁴↰ㅛ 㮋ㄫ ⪨䁳㽇 ㇼᶫᗧ ᷿⾯ ⇓᩿ 㝃៣ ⾛䁴↰ㅛ ⳃ
ⳃㅸ㽯 ㅛ≃ ㅟ㽛 ⾛⌿ᗧ ⳓ㼿ᙳ
㎄ᗧ㼿⿓ ᬫ ⳃ㍳⾷ᱻ ⽤ 㮋ㅛ ㆈ㿻ᛇ ᬫ ⳃ㍳⾷ᱻ 㮋ㅛ
䁴᷿⾯ᛇ 㲠䅯 ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿ᗧ
ㆈ㿻 ㎧᪃ ᬫᗫㄿ 㶰ះ ᗫ ⾛䁴↰ 㮋ㄧ ㆌ᠗ 㝻⬟⾷ ⠫㝻⾛ ⛛ ᙗㄿ
䁴᷿⾯ 㙿ㄳ ⑮ ⳃ㍳ ᷀⼯ ⯿Ⳕ⎳
㎄ᗧ㽃 ᙪㅛ
㮋ㄿ ⾛⌿ᗧ ⾛䁴ḇ ㇼᶫ
㩓⎛ ⾛䁴ㅛ ⽅ㄣ≃ ᚫ ㎄ᗧ㽇 ⯿ᶫ ㅯᱻ ∋⍣ ᱻ ほㅟㄧ ⽸㽃ᵗ ㋸ ᗧㆌ ㋣⒐㽇 ❧❫ㄧ ᙛᗼ ⛛㉗㈃ ◶ ⽸Ⳅㆌ ␠ㅛ≃ ⻗ㅛᱻ 》ᗧ ᠗⍫ㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 㩓⎛ ㈃㹯ㄿ ⯿ほ ㎄ᗧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⯿ほ ἳ┟ㅟ㎧ ᴻ ⎵ㄧ ᩿Ⅳịㅛ 㩓⎛ ⾛䁴⾷ ᛧⳓㄫ ᗽᙳ ᷿⾯ᛇ ⾛⾬᠗Ⰷㅛ ㎫⛛㼿⬃ ⾛䁴 ⍇ㄧ ᴻ ᭹⼫㈳ 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ㄧ 㿫㆓ ⿓⍫❧㬗 㽃ᚏゟᠳ㎧ ㅛ⋏⾛㎧ᛇ ㅯㄣ ᚏゟ㚇 ㉗⾬ ᘃセ ⯿ᱻ ㇷ㘏 ㎄ᗧ㼿ᛇ ㅯ ០◿ᶫ ㋣⚧ㄿ ㎧ 㽛⡀ ⚧䀻〧 ᗷ⭳≃ ㅟ㽛⬃ ㉗⾬ ᠗ᗫㄧ ␟㎧ ⼱⼫ ᴻ ᱿⾛᪇ ⯿ᶫ ㅯ
ᬫㅛ ᷿⾛⬃ᱻ ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿 ᘃ㚛ㄧ 䁴 ㅛㄿ ⯿㋧ᠳ㎧ ៰ᗷ㼿ᛇ ⼫㎨ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱⼿ ㅛ㙿⇣ ᴻỿ 䁳⛜ㄫ ⛛ㅛᱻ ⾛⌿ᱻ ⠫ ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿⎳ㅛ ⼫Ჯ 䁴ḃ ០ ⾛⌿ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ᳧❧❫ㄧ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱⼿
ᬫ ㋸◿ᠳ㎧ ០㽛⾷⬃ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ 㜄 ⾛䁴↰ㄧ ᗫ 㮋ㄫ 㛯ᛣ㼿ㄣ ㅛ㋸ ❫ㄿ ㅛ⪨ㅛ ❯♼ ⾛䁴⾷ ㄿ㽃 ᙪㄣ≃ ⿓ᚏ㎫ ⽼ㄧ ◻ㄿ ⾛㉬ㅛ ᛇᗯḏ⾷ Ⅳ ᬫ᳧ㄿ ⾛⾬ㄧ ០⼯ㄿ ⬓ ㅟ៣⾷⬃ Ⲡㄫ ㅛゐ㼿⿓ ㆈᱻ ⳓ㽛ㄿ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ⒐㹃 ⾛㉬ㄣ≃ ⪣᠗ ⳃㅸ㼿 P ㅛ⪨ᠳ㎧ᶫ ㅷⅫ ⯿ ㅯᱻ ⯿⑬ㅛ ᛇ ㎧☐㎯ㅛ ⎵ㄧ ㅛ ⾛㉬ㄧ Ď㡇⇯ ᭴⾛ď≃ ⪨㹯䀻᷿⾛ ◟ᛣ ㄇ⇤ㄿ ᛇ៰
Antarctic Krill. Image by Lara Asato.
Ⳅ᳠ㄫ ㋸ⳓㄣ≃ ⬟ ㅟ᠗ ᱛᗧ ᷿⾯ 㝃៣ㄿ 㩓⎛ ⾛䁴↰ㅛ 㜄 㩓⎛ ㅷシ 㝻ㇼ㠿 ㋸ ㎧ ⭳↰⾷ ❯ᛣ㽇 ᙪㄣ≃ ᗫ㋣᷿᠗ᱻ 㼿㎧⎳ ០㽛 ␠ㅛ⪓ⲓ⾷⬃ 㩓⎛ㅛ ᗧㆌ ㋸ほ㽃 ル㠿⾷ ㅯㄳ⾷ ㋣⒐㽛⽣ 㽃 ㇼ㋣ ◶ 䁳ㄇ ᛇⅿ ᘃ㚛⦷⎳ ⼫ᲯⅣ ᳧❧❫ㄿ 㶔ឫ ᘃ㚛ᛣ ◻᳞⪯ ⽸㽃 ⾛⌿ ◶ ┣ᘃ⍣ 㷓㽏㽃 ០㽛ㄿ 㷓Ⳅㅷịㄧ 㩓⎛⾷ ㇯᳧ㄣ≃ ㄿ㉛㼿ᛇ ㅯ ᙳᗧ 㩓⎛ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ⬘ㆌ⪓ᱻ ⼫㎨ 〫䅯 ☄㿧㎧㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㅯㄣ ㅣ❧ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᘃ㚛ㄧ ⏋ᬫ 㩗 ⚧᷀ㄫ ⛛ㅣ ⯿ ㅯ 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ㄧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ḷ⾷ ḷᛇ ᛧ⎓᷿⾛⽣ 㽃 ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ 㩓⎛ ᘃ㚛⾷ ᳧㽃 ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ ㆇ㆓ 㾌ㄫ ᗷ⼯㼿ᱻ ᙪᶫ 㷓㽏ḃ
ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ 㽐♼ ⾛䁴ㅛ &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛 ♼㈃䀻᷿⾯㎧⎳ ,88 ⾛⬇ị ῷ㽃 ㅛ Ď㼿⽧ 䁐ď ⾛❧ịㅛ ⯿㎧ ⏅ᱻ ㅛ ⾛㉬ㄫ ❧⍛᠗ ル㽛 䄻䅯 ⪓ゐ㼿ᱻ ゐ⾛ ⾷ ᯯㄫ ᶳ∟ ᚗᛣ ᬫ ㋸◿ᠳ㎧ ០㽛 ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ 㜄 ⾛䁴↰ㄧ ᗫ 㮋ㄫ 㛯ᛣ㼿ㄣ ㅛ㋸ ❫ㄿ ㅛ⪨ㅛ ❯♼ ⾛䁴ㅟ ᙪㄣ≃ ⿓ᚏ㎫ 䁴ㄧ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ㎧⿔ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ⳓᗨ㽃 ᗷ⭳⍣ 㛯ⅿ㽯ᛇ ᚗᛣ ⾛⾬ ㎧㉗㠿ᗧ ẋⅷ ⇓᩿ ㅛ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ⎵ㄧ ⯿ᗧ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱⼿ ⳃㆌ ⯿ほ⾷ ⏅㝻᠗ ル㽛⬃ ⾛⬇ịㄧ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ 㒤 ⪓㛳⢿ㅟ
8
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸
Rotting juvenile fish in piece of ghost gillnet. Image © Greenpeace / Roger Grace.
Crack in the Larsen B Ice Shelf. Image © Greenpeace / Steve Morgan.
០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ 㘥⼫ ᴻ 㒤 ⯿⿔ㄣ≃
㽛⾷ ᳧㽃 㾌ㄫ ㋫ㅛ᠗ ル㽛 㠜 㲟≋
》ᛣ ៃ㈃᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ᛧᛸ ◶ たⅿ㉬⾷
㳳ᛇị⾯ ⇗ᵗ 㼿㼫 ,88⾛⬇ịㅛ
㉗⾬ㄫ ㎧ⳃ㪋ᛇ 㟏⽤㽃 㽛 ⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣
㟏⽤㽃 ⪨㫃ㅛ ⿔⪓ㄣ≃ ᛣ㽀
០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ 㘥⼫ Ⅳị⾛ ᗻᛇ ㉗⾬
⛛䀟㼿᠗ ル㽃 ⯿ㄫ ⎯∏㼿
ㅸ⾬ ᛣㇼ⾷⬃ ᩿』 㶷᠗┣ㅛ ㉬㉬ ◻⾷
☐Ⳅㄧ Ⲡ⾷⬃ ⳓ㽛 ㅷ⏄ㄣ≃ ◻᧳⾯ ㅛ ㅷ⏄ㄧ &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛 ㎧᷿⾯ㄣ Ⲡ⛛ 䃏⼓ ᭹ㄧ 䀣䁴 ⯿㋧ ◶ Ďㄇ∠ ⾛⾬ďㄿ ᚗᛣ≃ ⳓᗨ㽃 ル㿸ㅛ ᷿ᛇ ㅯ Ďㄇ∠ ⾛⾬ďㄧ ◻⾷ ☐㠿᷿ᙗ᩿ ㄇⳋḃ ┣⾷ ⯿ᬫᗫ ┣ᛇ᠗ᗧ ᙟ∋ểᱻ ㅣㄫ ᗧ⎓㪏 ,88 ㅷ⏄ㄣ≃ ㆈᱻ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ⾛䁴↰ㄧ ⼳∋㎧㎧ ⼱⼿㎧⎳ ⪨᳠䅯 ⎵ㄧ
㰓㚀᷿ᙗ᩿ ㄈ㎧⾷ ㄇ᠗᷿⾯ 》᱿᪇⾷ᱻ
ㅛ⇓㽃 ᭟∌⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ⿔⪓ 䁴ᛣ
㶷᠗┣ 㙿⎓ᗧ ㅿ ៃ㈃᷿ᛇ ㅯㄣ ᛣ㽀ㅷ᩿
ㅣ❧ ㎸ほ㽃 ,88⾛⾬ ἳ┟⾷ ⎵ㄧ ⾛ㆌㄿ
ᛧᛸᘄịㄧ ⪓ゐ㽃 ᙪㄫ ❧ ⯿ᙗ㽛⬃
⯿⪗ㅷシㅛ ᛇᗯ᷿⾯㎧⎳ ⫄㫃ᚫ ◿⾷
ᶳ⼫ᗧ⽣ 㽃 ㅛ⇓㽃 ៃㇼ⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ
◟㡃 㾌ㄧ ⼳∋㎧㎧ ⼱⼿ ᳧❧❫ㄿ
ㅣ❧ 㶷᠗┣ㅛ ⿓䅯 ០㽛≃ 䄿⇓ệ
ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ㉗⾬⾷ᱻ ⬃ Ⲡㄫ ⪓ゐ㼿ᱻᵗ
㻳Ⅳⲋ㳘 》 ῷ㽃 ០◿ᶫ ㎧⿔⾷⬃
ㅛ Ⲡㄧ 㽛 ⬃Ⳅ㎧⾷ ⼫㋣ ⳓᗨ㽃 㾌ㄫ
☃ᚓ᷿᠗ ⳃㅸ㽯
㋫ ⯿ ㅯ 㲠䅯 ⿓⇓ 㽛 ᷀⼯ ᷀ㅣ㽃 ⾛ㆌ⾷ ㎸㋸ㄣ≃ ㅛ Ⲡㄫ ⪓ゐ㽇 ᚤ
០㉗⽤㚛ᚫ㼿⾷⬃ ᛸ⾬ㅛ ㎧᷿⾯㎧⎳
㾌ㄧ ⏋ ⳓᗨ㼿 &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃
ᬫ⾷ ㅛ ┟㈃⾷ ᳧㽃 㮇≇ㅛ ㆓ᘃḇ ⯿
♼㈃䀻ḃ ⯿⎳ㄣ≃ 㟏⽤㽃 㽛 ⬃Ⳅ㎧⾷⬃
ㅯ ០ ᛧᛸㄧ ᗫ ⑬ㄿ
ㅛ⋏⾛㎧ᱻ ⾛⾬ㄫ 㳳⼬㼿ᛇ ㎧ⳃ㪋᠗⾷ᱻ
☐┟ᘄㄫ ㄇ㠿㽃 ⎓ᛇ
⿓䅯 㞐❫㼿㎧ ⼱ ០㽛ㄿ
០㉗⽤᳠⪓䁳ㄿ $QWDUFWLF 7UHDW\
㿸⽤ㅛ ☃䂏ḃ ㅛⅿ &&$0/5ᱻ ㎧ ᗧ㽃
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓 ㎧ㇼㄧ
&RQVXOWDWLYH 0HHWLQJ $7&0 ⾷ ㄿ㽛
⾛⾬ ᛧ⎓ᗧ ㅛ⋏⾛㎧ᶫ≄ 㼿᠗ ル㽃 ㉗㠿⍣
⫄㫃ᚫ ᠗ㄫ ⛛㼿ᱻ ⭳㋸㽃 ᶫᝓᗧ ḇ
០ ᛧᛸㅛ ៃ㈃᷿ᛇ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬⾬┛㿸䁳
㟏㽯 ᷀ 㿸⽤ㄧ ⾛㉘ ᛇᗯ ἳ┟⾷ ㅟᶫ⽸
ᙪㅛ 㿫㉛㼿ᱻ ⾛㉘ㅷシㄫ ㄇ㎧㼿ᛇ ᛇᗯḃ
,$$$72 ⾷ ㄿ㽛 㘬ㅫ ㅯᱻ 㽰᷀ㅛ ㆌ∋᷿
㎧⿔⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ០◿ᶫ ㋣⚧ ⯿⿔ᛣ ⪓ⲋ
⾛㉘ㅷシㄿ 䁳⛜⾷ ᠗⿓㽇 ᙪㅛ
㼿㎧⎳ ☐┟ᘄㅛ 䀿ᚤᛣ ⽣⫄᷀┣ㄿ 㶰䀻⍣
ᙪㄣ≃ 㝻ㇼḃ ⍣ ị⾛ ᬫ 䀟㋣ ᛜ┛シịㅛ ☃ᚓ㽃 ㅷ⏄ㄧ ㅛᗧ NP⾷ ᳓㽯ᱻᵗ ⼯⾷ᱻ 㮋ㄿ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ᗧ ᙟ∋ㅯ⾯
》㩓Ჯ ᶫ⾷⬃ ᳧❧❫ㄿ ⾛⾬ㄫ ᛜⳄㄣ≃
䃣⭷㽃ᱻ ∋⍣ ⎵ㄧ ⪓ⅳㅛ 㼿ᛇ ㅯ
㎧㽯 ῷ㽃 &&$0/5ᱻ 䁳シịㅛ ⿓⇓
ᛧᛸㅛ ⽣᠗㼿ᱻ ᗧㆌ 㩗 ル㾿ほㅟ ㋸ 㼿᩿ᱻ
㽐♼ ⾛ㆌㄫ ㇼ᠗ㄣ≃ Ⰳ㘗㼿ᙳ 㼿ᱻ Ộ
᠗㪧 ル㿸
ᗷ⭳ⳃ㤗 ㅷ⏄ ㎧⾷ ㅛ⾛ &&$0/5ᱻ
☗ᗧ ㉳㛯᷿ᙗ᩿ 㡏⒗㽇 ᚤ ☃⫄㼿ᱻ ᠗⍫ㄇ㞃 ⪓ᛇㅛ ⾛⬇ᶫ ⠫Ⲟ㽃 ル㾿⬘ㄫ
⽸㽃 ⯿ㄫ 㮜㽛 ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ,88 ⾛䁴ㄫ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ◶ ⾛䁴ㄿ ル㿸 た⾷ᶫ ០㎧⿔ㄧ
ᗽᛇ ㅯ ῷ㽃 たⅿ㉬ㄧ ᛧᛸᘄᛣ ᛣ㽀ㅷㄿ ㆌ⠫ ◶ ⬇◼ㄿ ⬇㚛〧 㶰㿼⯿⾷ ➀⾛ ㅯᙗ᩿
᠗䂫⚧䀻 ◶ ⾛䁴ㄿ ル㿸 た⾷ᶫ ០㎧⿔ㄧ 》ᛣ ៃ㈃᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ᛧᛸ ◶ たⅿ㉬⾷ 㟏⽤㽃 ⪨㫃ㅛ
⪨㉛㼿ᱻ ル㿸
Ⰿ⾛ ㅯᴿ ⼏⼾ㄫ 㮜㽛 ០᳧⍀ㄣ≃ ㄇㅬ᷿ᛋ 㽃 ⑮⑮ Ⳅ┣㉬ㅛ ㅛ◟ ⾣㎧ ⼱ᱻ ㉨ㄧ ㎧⿔ 㲠䅯 ០◿ᶫ⾷ Ɽ⪓⎓ ⦳⎓⍣ ∟ 』᪃㽃 ᠗䂫ᗧ ㅛ⇗ たⅿ㉬ㄿ 䀼⪗ㄫ ゐㅛ㼿ᙳ 㽇 ⯿ᶫ ㅯ
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
9
Ima mage age g by Joh hn B. Weller
&&$0/5 ⽅⾷ ㋣⾛㎫ ᠗䁳 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ ㇼ㘬⯿⎤ㅷ ᛣ㽀ㅷ ⾛⾬ᚫ ⪓ㅛ⾷⬃ ◻ㄿ
ᶫᝓㅛ ᩿⼫ᗧ &&$0/5 㿸⽤ ㈃ ㉗ 㽔 J ㄧ Đᛣ㽀 ᝓ ῷᱻ
ㆌ᠗ ᙛᗼ ◶ ㎧ ᗧ㽃 ㅛゐㄫ ⛛ㆌ㼿᠗ ル㽛 ㇷㇷ ᴻ
⛛䀟 ⒐ㄫ ル㽃 ᝓ⿔ ㎧⿔ ῷᱻ 㼿ル ㎧⿔ㄿ ᘃ☐ᛣ 㶷⮫ㄿ ㎧ㇼđ⾷
⭳㋸㽃 ⯿ㅛ ᷿ᛇ ㅯ ㎫ᗧᱻ ᬫ ⼫㻫⎓㡛ᛜ䀻 ᴻ◿⾷⬃ ᘃ㝃ḃ ㎧ᗧ☃ ⬟ᚫㇼ⪨䁳ㄿ :RUOG 6XPPLW RQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW :66' ⾷⬃ ᛜⳄㄣ≃ ㋣⒐ㄫ ☂⼿ㄣ ⬟ᚫ ᗨㄧ ᬫᠳ㎧ ⬟ᚫ ◻⾷ ᳧㽃 ᳧㹃 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ⬋⎤ㄫ ⽤㼿
᳧㽛 ⑬ⳃㄣ≃ ៃㇼ㽃 ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᙛᗼㄫ ẞ☂㡏㼿ᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄿ ᗧ㠿⍣ ㅟㇼ㼿⬃ &&$0/5ᱻ ᬫᠳ㎧ :66' ⒐㹃⍣ ᳓⬘㼿ᱻ ᵗ ᷀ㄿ㽯 ㅛ ⽤ㄧ ㄳᛣ ᘀㄧ ㅣ∏ㄿ 䁴᠗ ⪓ᙛị≃ ẞ☂㡏᷿⾯
⛟ ⛛ᛇ⬃⾷⬃ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ 03$ ㄧ 㲠ㇼ ⛛䀟 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ⛛䀟 ⾛⾬ᛧ⎓ ⒐㹃⍣ 㞐㉘㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ ⾛ᾋ 䁃᷀ㅛ ㈃㽃᷿ᙗ᩿ ㎧᷿ᱻ ᝓ⿔ㄫ ⎷㼿᠗ ル㽛 ⪓ゐḃᱻ ㇷ⾷ ㄇㄿ㽛⽣ 㽃 ㅛ〧 ⠫㼿⿓ ⾛ᝓ⿔ 1R WDNH PDULQH UHVHUYH ㄧ ᝓ㚛ㄣ≃ ⎷㼿 ⾛⾬ㄫ
٢ ᬫ &&$0/5 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ コ㩓⯴ ٢ ᬫ 㝃㛯ㄿ ០㽛 ⫄㫃㎧⿔䁴ㇼ ㎧ᶫ ㅸ⬘ ٢ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ル㽃 ᘃ ⬇ ᝓ⿔ 䀼ㅟ ◶ 㝃៣ㄿ ᘃ ᚫ䁴⯿⎤ ᝓ⿔ 䀼ㅟ
㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⒏ệ ㅷシ 㘫㟏 䁃᷀ㄫ ル㽃 㞃ㅬㅛ ㎧᷿ᱻ ⾫ᚐ㽃
٢ ᬫ ⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ ❧ ᳧⍀❼ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ㎧ㇼ
⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ᗧ⎓㪋ᱻ ゐ⾛ㅛ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄧ 㽛⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ⒏ệ ほ⭳⾷
٢ ᬫ &&$0/5 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ コ㩓⯴
᳧㽃 ᗧㆌ ᭹ㄧ ⯿㋧ㄿ ⛛䀟⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 &&$0/5 㿸⽤ 㼿⾷⬃ 䁳シịㄧ ០㽛⾷⬃ㄿ 䁃᷀ㄫ ᛧ⎓㼿⿓
٢ ᬫ 䁳ㄿ⾷⬃ &&$0/5 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ⬋ㇼㄫ ル㽃 ㅣ◿ 㚛㈃⍣ ៃㇼ㼿ᱻ ⛛ ᳧㘬⾷ 㽐ㄿ
០㎧⿔ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ 㚛 ᙛᗼ⾷ 㾌ㄫ ㋣㎧ ⼱ᶫ≄ ⫄㫃ᚫ
⎓ᛇ ㄳᛣ ᘀㄧ ᠗㋧ㅛ ᬫ ㅣ◿ 㚛㈃ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ⛛
ㇸ៣♼ㄫ ゐ㽛⽣ 㽃 &&$0/5ᱻ ᛧ⎓ᚗㇼㄫ ⎓ᱻ ᵗ
᳧㘬⾷⬃ Ⲡㅟ᷿⾯
ᗧ㽃 㝃⬇ㄿ ᛣ㽀㎧Ⳅㄫ ㅛゐ㼿⿓ ⫄㫃ᚫ ᠗ㄫ ⛛㉛㼿ᱻ ᵗ ⪓☐ㅛᛇ ⳇ㋸㽛⽣ 㽃 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄧ ⪓☐ ㇸ៣ ◶ ⫄㫃 ㇸ៣ ⽸᳧ シ㡀ㄫ ㅛ㽰㼿᠗ ル㽃 㼫⯿
㇯㽃 ៃ⒏ㄿ 㽛⽸⫄㫃ᚫ ⫄┣⽸⬘ ◶ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ㄿ ᳧㹃 㽛⿔ịㅛ ㆌ᠗ㄣ≃ ⫄㉛ ᗧ⬘ ◶ 㮜㽐⬘ㄫ ㄇ㎧㽇 ⯿ ㅯᶫ≄ ⛛䀟 ᘃ㚛 ◶ ⫄䁃⪓ ᚫ⍣ 㷓㽏㽃 ㋣ほ ⫄㫃 ᛣㇼ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ㉬ㄿ ⛛䀟 ㅷ ᗧ⚧⬘ ◶ ㆌ᠗ ⚧䀻⍣ ᗷⳃ㼿ᙗ᩿ ០㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシ ῷᱻ ㅷシㄿ ❧❫ㄫ ㅛ⋏ᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷ ᳧㽃 㷓䁴 ◶ ᠗㪧 ㅟᗫ 䁃᷀ㄿ 㾌ㄫ ᗷⳃ㼿᠗ ル㽃 ᛣ㽀 㘟㉗ ᝓ⿔ ⬋ㇼ ᶬ㲠㼿ᙗ᩿ 䅓ឧ㼿ᙗ᩿ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㅛ 㩗 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ㎧㿼ㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ㅟᗫ 䁃᷀⾷ ㄿ㽃 㾌⾷ 㟏⽤㽃 㽛⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟 ㎧⿔ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᠗⾷ 㼫⯿ㅟ ㎧㿼ㄿ ⛛䀟 ⛜シ∌ ῷᱻ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌⾷ ㄸ㼿ᱻ ∌ㄫ ㄇ㎧㼿ᱻ 㽛⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟 &&$0/5ᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ル㽃 :66' ⒐㹃
CCAMLR headquarters building, Hobart, Australia. Image by Richard Williams for the AOA.
10
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
᳓⬘ㄫ ᶫゟ ⯿ ㅯᱻ ㋸᳧㽃 ᠗䁳ㅛㅷ ⎰㋸㽃 㘬ㅫㄫ ᗧ㎧ᛇ ㅯ &&$0/5 㿸⽤ ⼯⾷⎳ ⑬ⳃ᷿⾛ ㅯᱻ ០㉗⽤ㄿ 㲠㎼ㄫ ◿㼿ᱻ
&&$0/5 ⽅⾷ ㋣⾛㎫ ᠗䁳
シ㡀ᛣ ᗧ㠿ᛧ ◶ ㇼⳇ ᴼ❫⾷ ㅛ⍣ ᳓⬘㼿ᱻ ᙪㄧ ᗧ㼿 ⿔⪓ㅟ
㙿ㄳㄣ≃ 㷓㩛Ↄể ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔ᛣ ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫⾷⬃ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫
䁴⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ០㽛⾷ᱻ ⼫㎨ᶫ ≃ⲋ 㽛〧 ハᵟ 㽛㙿⇣
ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ㉗⾬ㄫ ⳃㅸ㽯 ㅟ⬘ⳋ⾬ㄧ 䂫⾷ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈ᠗
⫄㫃ㄣ≃ 㲣㲣㼿ᛇ ᙗㄿ 〫⚤㼿ᙳ ⛟ⅿㄿ ⪨㫃≃ 䃣⭷᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ 㘫
ル㽛⬃ ០᳧⍀ㄿ ≃ⲋ 㽛≃ ㉗⾬ ⾛ㆌㄫ 䀼ㆌ㽯
⼫ㅯᱻ ㎧⿔ịㅛ ㅯ 䂏ᛣㅟ ᛧ⎓ᗧ ㈃ㅷ⎓⍣ ㆈᱻ ᵗ ᴻ ⎵ㄧ ⳃᗫㅛ ㎧㚛ḃ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⭳㋸㽃 ㎧⿔ịㄫ ㅪ⾛♫⎛ ル㾿⬘ㅛ ㅯ
㽃ㄧ シ⽸⾛⾬ ⾛䁴↰ ៃ⒏≃ ⬟ᚫ ルㅛ &&$0/5 ⯿⿔⾷⬃ ㆈᱻ ⒏ệ ⾛㉬ㄿ 㜄 ⾛䁴↰ ᠗㋧ㄣ≃ᱻ ᭟⍛ハㅛ⾷ ㅛ⾛ ⬟ᚫ ル⍣
㲠䅯 ᠗䂫⚧䀻⾷ ㎨㽃 ⪨㫃⾷⬃ᱻ ᴻ ⇓㼿
㘏㎧㽃 ᬫ 㽃ㄧ ㉗⾬ ㋸⾷⬃ 㝃᳧ㄿ ⾛䁴↰ㄫ ᠗≄㽯ᛇ
᠗䂫⚧䀻〧 ᚗᛣ≃ ᩿㪧᩿ᱻ 㽛⡀ㄿ ᗧ⚧⬘ ◶ 㽛⽸ ⪗⬘䀻≃ ㅟ㽛
&&$0/5⾷ 㝃ᛇ ⽈ㄿ ㅬ⾛⊳⍣ ㎧❯㽯 ㅛ䂫 㽃ㄧ ០㽛
០ㄿ 㽛⽸⫄㫃ᚫᗧ ㇷㇷ ᴻ ᭹ㄧ ⼼◼⾷ ⳃ᳓⎛ ᙪㅛ ❫⑬㼿
㎧⿔ㄿ ㋣ほ ⾛⾬ ㋸ 㼿᩿ᗧ ᷿⾯
ㅟ⌿ᱻ ᛣ㽀ᚫㄿ ⑬䀼㽃 ㉗⾟ㄫ 㮇᳧≃ ⽅ㄣ≃ ᗧ〓 ᙗ᳧㽃 ᶫ⾷ ㄸ㽛⽣ 㽇 ᙪㅛ ⎵ㄧ ᛣ㽀ㅷᗧ ០᳧⍀ㅛ ㅛ⇓㽃 ㉬⌿ㄿ ᵗㅛ㬗⍣ ⯿㎸㼿᠗ ル㽃 ㅛ⪨ ㆌ⭳Ⅳᛇ ㋣ㆌ㽃
㿫㆓ ០㽛⾷⬃ ㉗⾬㼿ᱻ ᘃㄿ 㽃 䁳⪓ᱻ ㅟ⬘ⳋ⾬ᛣ 䀴㎫ⳋ⾬ ㅛ ḷ 䁳⪓ᱻ 㲠⯿ᛧᚫ⪓ ᷀シ ⬇ⳋ⾬ㅛ ㅛị 䁳⪓ㄿ ㋣ほ ㉗⾬ ⾛㉬ㄧ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ 㩓⎛ ⡀⾛ ᙳ 》㎼⾛ Ộㅟᵗ ㋸⾷⬃ᶫ
០᳧⍀ㄧ ⯿㚃ᬫᗫ ㅟᗫㄿ ㎸ ᙗ㋣ ⾭ㅛ ㎫䀻㽛 〻ᛇ ㅣ❧
ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ᗧ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ㋣ほ ⾛㉬ㅛ 㽃ㄿ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ⾛䁴↰ㄧ
㎧⿔ㄧ ㅟᗫㄿ ☐㽛〧 ⭷⪨ㄫ ☂㎧ ⼱ㄧ ⪨㫃≃ ⼿ ㅛ ㇷ ἳ┟⾷
㎧᪃ ⯿ᬫᗫ 㩗 ⪨Ⲡ⬟⍣ ⛛⿓ 㽃ㄧ ᱛ㎯Ↄể〧 㽏ᢿ ≃ⲋ 㽛
០ㄧ ᛣ㽀ㅷị⾷ᙳ ㅟᗫ 䁃᷀ㄿ 㾌⾷ ㄿ㽃 ❯㶟㽃 ᚗᛣ⾷ ᝓ⽇
㎧⿔⾷⬃ ᗧㆌ ⎵ㄧ ⽸ㄿ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈᛇ ㅯ ⎣ 㘟㉗
☂㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㉬ㄿ ㄸ⬘ ◶ ㆇ㆓ ㅛ㋣ ↜ᛣ ㎧ᝓ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌ㄫ ㅛ㽛㽇 ᠗䁳⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄫ 㘟㉗ ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ 䁃ゐ㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ◶ 㽛⽸ ⪗⬘䀻ㄿ 㾌⾷ ᳧㽃 ⑬䀼㽃 ㅛ㽛⍣ ☃ⳃ㪓 ⯿ ㅯ ᩿⼫ᗧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ịㄧ ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ⛜シ∌ ◶ ㄸ∌ㄿ ㎄ᗼ⾷ ᶫェㄫ ㋫ ⯿ ㅯ 㲠ㇼ Ď᠗䂫⚧䀻 㘟ᛇď ᝓ⿔ㄫ 㷓㽏ⳃ㪏 ᙪㄧ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ㄿ 䂏ᛣㅟ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㋸ほ㽃 ❧❫ㄫ ᝓ⬘㽃 ⎯㎧⎰ㄣ≃ ᗧㆌ ᴻỿ 』᪃䀻 㽛⿔ㄧ Ď㼣ⳇ㙿ď ㍰ ⾣ㄳ ◶ 㘏ᗧ゛ ⯿⿔⾷ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ ㉬ㄫ ル㽃 㝃䂫ㄿ ㇯㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㙿ᗧ ḇ ⯿ ㅯ ㇯㽃 ⛛䀟㉗㙿⍣ ᳠ㆌ ㅛ㽰㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ ០㉗⽤ 㚛㈃ㄿ ㄇ⪗ᛣ シ㡀 ᗧ㠿ᛧ ◶ ㇼⳇㄧ ◟ⅿ≃ ᚫⲠḇ ᙪㅛ ᛣᙗ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᗧ㠿ᛧᛣ ᳧⠫㘬ㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛⬃ &&$0/5 ᝓ⬘シịㄧ ㈃ ᛜᗫㄿ ᛧ⎓㚛㈃⾷⬃ 䂳⍔㽃 ㎧ᶫ∌ㄫ ⛛⿓㋫ ⯿ ㅯ⾯ &&$0/5ᗧ ㅛ♯ ᠗䁳⍣ ᭺㠿㎧
⎣ ᬫ⾷⬃ ᬫ ⪓ㅛ⾷ &&$0/5 ⯿⿔⾷⬃ 㽃ㅛ ㆈㄧ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ⾛䁴↰ 㮋
⼱᠗⍣ ㄸシ㽃
០㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 㽃ㄿ ⿔㽇 㽃ㄧ ᬫ ⾛᠗⾷ ០㽛⾷⬃ 㚒 㩓⎛ 㪷⪓ ㉗⾬ㄫ ⳃㅸ㽯 㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ ⾛⾬䁳⪓ịㅛ ០㽛 ⾛⾬ㄫ ᘃ☃㼿ᶫ≄ ᬫ❧㬗 ᬫᠳ㎧ ⽤ ☘⾜⾷ ᗧᠳ゛ ⛛㉗ㄫ ㎧シ㼿ᛇ ㇼ❧ㄿ ㎧シㄫ ☂ㄧ ⳃ㾿 ㉗⾬ㄧ ⪨⾬ ㉗⾬ㄫ ル㽃 ᠗䁳⍣ 㘥᠗ ル㽛⬃ ᚫ᷿⾯ ᬫ ㅟ⬘ⳋ⾬ㅛ ㈃ ㅟ⬘䀟≃ ០㽛⾷⬃ᱻ
⎣ &&$0/5 ⯿⿔ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ᗧ⚫ ⾛䁴↰ 㮋
ῷ㽃 ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ 㽃ㄿ ⾛䁴 ∌ㄧ 㝃ᛇㅛ ᬫ ⾛᠗ ᠗㋧ &&$0/5⾷ Ộ≄ḃ 㽃 ⬇◼⯿ᱻ 㚀ㄣ≃ 㜄 Ộ≄⬇◼ㄿ ⽤ ⍣ 㘏㎧㽃 㲠䅯 㽃ㄿ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ Ⲡ⾛⬇ㄿ ⯿ᗧ ㎧᪃ ᬫ ᷀⼯ 㚀⾷⬃ 㚀ㄣ≃ ḷ ☗ᗧ ᷿⾯ ⾛䁴ḃ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ᳧❧❫ㄧ ㅣ⛟ᛣ ◟ ㄇ⇤ ⳃㆌㄣ≃ ⯿㞃ḃ ⳃㆌ ៃ⒏⍣ ㇼ䀼䅯 㳳⼬㽇 ⯿ᱻ ⾭㎧⎳ ⾛䁴↰ ㋸ ㎧ ⭳↰⎳ㅛ King penguins on South Georgia Island. Image by John B. Weller.
&&$0/5 ⽅⾷ ㋣⾛㎫ ᠗䁳
ⳃㆌ⾷⬃ ⭳⠫᷿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ 㝻ㇼ㽇 ⯿ ㅯ 㽃⾷⬃ Ď≃ď≃
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
11
⼳∋㎫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ᱻ ⛛㮜 ᛇ៰ 䂆㎸⾷⬃ 㳷⏋᷿ 㽃ㄿ 㿼ㅟ
⇓᩿ シ⽸⾛⾬ ᛧ⎓⾷ ㅯ⾛⬃⎳㩣ㄧ 㽃ㄧ ᪈ᛇ ⼬㽃 ⪨㫃≃
⾛㉬ㄧ ⼫Ჯ
ᛧ⎓᷿ᱻ ⾛⬇ ❯♼㉗⾬ ,88 ◶ ㈃♼ៃ⍣ ル◿㼿ᱻ 䁳⪓ịㄫ ᗧ㎫
㽃ㄧ 㚏 ᛣ㽀ᛣ ᠗Ⰷㄫ ⛛ㄇ㼿ᛇ ㈃⪓䁳⾷⬃ ᭹ㄧ ル⪨ㄫ ᾏ㠿ᛇ ㅯ ⪓ⳋ 㽃ㄧ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㅟ៣⾷ ㆌ⛛ᛇ ᠗㎧Ⅳᱻ ⪯≃゛ ᝓ ᠗㎧⍣ ⬟ᛇ ⪯≃゛ ⮫⡀⬇ㅟ ⼫Ⅳ』 䀟⍣ ᙛ㉗㼿ᱻ Ộ ០㎧⿔ㄫ 㾌㽃 ᝓ ᭟∌ㄫ 䀼ㆌ㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ ⎵ㄧ ㅷシㄫ 㰓ㅷ㼿ᛇ ㅯ ㅛ⇗ ᭟∌ㄧ ᭹ㅛ 㶰ᗧ㽇⎳ 㼿
ᗧⅣᱻ 》⑬ㄫ ᾇ⼯ᛇ ㅯ ⳋ㈃≃ 㽃ㄿ ⾛⾬ㄧ ㎧᪃ ᬫᗫ &&$0/5 ⛛䀟 ㉗㙿⍣ ⯿㘏∧᩿ ル◿㼿 っ㒤 ◼ⲋ៧ 㘟㉗ ᩿⼫ᗧ 㽃ㄧ 㽛⽸⫄┣ㅷシㄿ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⳇៃ ⛛㉗㠿ㄿ ᶫㅬ⾷ ◿⛜ㄣ≃ ◿᳧㽛 〻ᛇ 㝃៣ ⯿ᬫ ᷀⼯ ᝓ ◶ ᗷⳃ ᭟∌⾷ᶫ ᙗㄿ ᠗⿓㼿㎧ ⼱⼿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟〧 ㈃ 㶰㳷⾷ ⳇᚤ⻗ᱻ ᩿Ⅳᗧ ⛛ㅣ 㽰᷀ㄧ ⼫Ჷ ᙪㅛ 㽃ㄿ ⾛⾬ᚫᱻ ㇼ❧ㄿ ㆌ᠗ㅟ ᛣ㽀 ᝓ ᭟∌ ◶ ㈃⪓䁳ㄿ ᛧⳓ⪓⾷ ❧ㄸ㼿㎧ ⒢㼿ᛇ ㅯ 㽃ㄧ ០㽛ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ ◶
&&$0/5 ⯿⿔ 㽃 ⬇◼ ᛧ∏ ៃㇼ ル◿ ⪓∧ ◶ ⪓ᛇ
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ㎧シ㼿ᛇ ⯿⎤㼿ᱻ ᵗ ០ ᩿⬃⬃ ㈃ ┛᳧⾷⬃ ⛛䀟 ⿔㽇 ⎓ᴻⳔㄫ ⛛⿓㋫ ⯿ ㅯ 㽃ㄿ ㇼ㠿 ⎓ᴻⳔㅛ
&&$0/5⾷ ㇸ⯿ḃ ᙛㄿ 㩓⎛ ◶ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ⾛䁴 ル◿ ㋸ ᙛㄿ ル◿ㅛ 㽃 ⬇◼⾷ ㄿ㽃 ᙪㅛ⾯ 㽃ㄿ ⾛⾬ 䁳⪓ ㅟ⬘ ᷀シ ⬇ ᗧ ⒏ḷ ⛛䀟 ㉗㠿⍣ ル◿㽯 ῷ㽃 㽃 ⬇◼
ᛣ㽀 ᝓ ◶ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽛 ᳧㹃ㅟ ᳧ៃ⒏ ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⛛ ᭟∌ㄫ ⛛ㅟ ㅿ ᛧ⎓᷿ᱻ ⾛⾬ᛣ 䀿ᚤ⛛ ⪓ㅛ⾷⬃ ះ㿼ㅛ ㅛ⋏⾛㎯ ⯿ ㅯ
ịㄧ ịㄿ 㪷⪓ ⾛≃ 㮜㎧⬃ㄿ ㅣ❧ㅟ 㼫⯿◻⾛≃㶰ᗧ⬃ ㈃ 㞃 ⳃ ᠗㽃⾷ ⾯ ⛛ᛇ⾷ ⍛ ḷ 㽃 䁳⪓ ㅟ⬘ᛣ ⬇ᗧ ᬫ ㅛ⡏
⇮ᙳ 㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ 㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ ㄳ ㉗㠿⍣ 㟏㽛⽣ 㽃 㽃ㄧ &&$0/5 㚛ᚫ〧 ㇯㘏⍣ ㋧⯿㼿⿓ ០㽛⾷⬃ ㅷ
ᛇ᠗ ㉗⾬ᛣ ᛧ∏㼿⿓ &&$0/5 ⛛䀟 ㉗㙿⍣ ㋧⯿㼿㎧ ⼱⼿
⪗⾬㚛ᗧ ㈃♼ᛣ ៃㇼㄫ ル◿㼿ᱻ ᚤ ㅛ⍣ ᗷⳃ㼿ᛇ 㙿♳㽛⽣
⾛⬇ ㅟ⬘ ㈃ 䀟ᗧ ㎧ᝓ⿔ㄫ 㚃㚃䅯 ᾇ᩿ᛇ ㅯ⾯ᛇ 䂫⾷ ⾛⬇
㽃
⾷ 䀻㆓ᗧ ☃⫄㼿⿓ ⛛ᛇ㼿㎧ ⒢㽯 ㇼ ㈃ 䀟 ◶ ㈃ 䀟 ḷ 㚀
㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ 䀿ᚤ ◶ ⽣⫄᷀┣ㄿ ㆌ᠗ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽛⬃
ㅛ ⬇⪨ 㷓ㆌㄫ ㎧㽯 &&$0/5 ᛣ㽀ルシ䁳 6& &$0/5
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ᳧ៃ⒏ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓 ⬋ㇼㄫ ㎧㎧㽛⽣
;;,; 㽔⒐ ᱻ ㄳᛣ ᘀㅛ ᠗≄㽯 Đ⿓䅯 ⑮ 㚀ㄿ ⬇ ◼ㅛ ㅯ⾯ᛇ ⬇◼ịㄿ >㹃㎧☐⌿@ ㋸㚐 㮜ᚫ㠿ᱻ ᪕⼿ ⭳㽛⿔ VXEDUHD ⾷ ㅟ⬘ ㈃ 䀟 ⭳㽛⿔ ⾷ ㇼ ㈃
䀟 ⭳㽛⿔ ⾷ ㇼ ㈃ 䀟 ᙳᗧ ㅟ⬘ ㈃ 䀟ᗧ ⭳㽛⿔ ⾷⬃ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ' HOHJLQRLGHV ≃ ㋸ᗫ ㇼᶫㄿ
㽃
㽃 ㇼ❧ᱻ 㲠⚫䅯 ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⾷ ⎳NP ㄿ 㚇䅯 ⛛䀟☂ᱻ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄫ ⬋ㇼ㼿᠗ ル㽃 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ㄿ ㈃⼯ㄫ ㎧㎧㽛⽣ 㽃
⾛䁴ㄫ 〓∟㎧⎳ ᷀ㅣ ⭳㽛⿔⾷⬃ ㆈ䅳 䃏⼓ ⎵ㄧ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ $2$ ᱻ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᚗᛣ⍣ ㅛ⋏⾛ ᛇ ῷ㽃 㽃ㄿ
' PDZVRQL ⾷ ᳧㽛⬃ᱻ 㿧 㹃㎧☐⌿⍣ 㼿㎧ ⼱⼫ 㮜ᚫ㠿 㝻
⾛⾬ㅛ ⫄㫃㽀ㄣ≃ ㎧ ᗧ㽃 ⪗⾬ㅛ ᷿ᶫ≄ 㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ 㽃
ㇼㅛ ❯ᗧ㽯 đ
ㇼ❧〧 㿸∌㼿 䅓⏄㽃
ㅟ⬘ⳋ⾬ㄿ ◟㬗៰ Ⲡ⾛⬇ ㅟ⬘ ㈃ 䀟ᗧ セ ㅣ ≃ⲋ 㽛⾷⬃ 㡏⒗㽯 ⬇◼⾷ 㪸Ⲡ㼿ᛇ ㅯᴿ ⑬ㄿ ⬇シ ㋸ ㎧ ⑬⎳ㅛ ⪛⼫⬃ ᝓ㉗᷿⾯ ㅟ⬘ ㈃ 䀟ᗧ ≃ⲋ 㽛⾷ 㽃 ⭳㽛⿔⾷⬃ 㾯ゐ㠿ㄿ ☗⍣ 㛯ᛣ㼿⿓ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈ⼿ᛇ ᚗᛣ ㅟ⬘ⳋ⾬ ⭳ㄿ ⒏ệ ㅛ⡏ ᛇ᠗ Ⲡ⾛⬇⾷ ᳧㽃 ㄳ 㞃⾛᠗ ㄿ ㉗⾬ㅛ ㎧᷿ ⾯ ㅛ⇓㽃 ル◿⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ㅟ⬘ㄧ &&$0/5ㄿ ,88⒐≄⾷ 》⍛ᱻ ᙪㄫ ⒏㼿 セ ㅣ ⏌␟ᶫ 0F0XUGR ᠗㎧≃❧㬗 ⽤ ⎯ㅣ ᾏ ⾛㎫ ≃ⲋ 㽛 㽛⪨⾷⬃ ㉗⾬ ㋸ㅛᴿ ⬇ⳋ⾬ ⭳ㄇㄿ ◟㬗៰ Ⲡ⾛⬇ ㇼ ㈃ 䀟⾷ 䀻㆓ᗧ ☃⫄㽯 ⑬ㄿ ⬇シㅛ ⪓⏄㽯 ᛇ ⑬ㄧ ❧⪨ㄫ ㅬ⾛ 㠿⊳㘏 ㅛ⮈᷿⾯ &&$0/5≃❧㬗 ០ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ᗧ》⎓ ᙳ ⾛䁴 㾯ᗧ⍣ ☂ㄧ ㇼ ㈃ 䀟ᱻ ⪓ᛇ 䂫 ゛ 㽰ㅛ ❯ᗧ㽛 ㅷ⏋ ⬇◼⾷ ㄿ㽛 ≃ⲋ 㽛≃❧㬗 ㅟ᷿⾯ &&$0/5 6WDQGLQJ &RPPLWWHH RQ ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG &RPSOLDQFH IRU WR 6FLHQWLILF &RPPLWWHH UHSRUW $62& %ULHILQJ KWWS ZZZ HFR RUJ Q] LQGH[ SKS"PDFW 1HZV FQWQW SUL QW FQWQW DUWLFOHLG FQWQW VKRZWHPSODWH IDOVH FQWQW UHWXUQ LG %%& 1HZV KWWS ZZZ EEF FR XN QHZV ZRUOG DVLD
12
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
Russian krill trawler off South Orkney Islands. Image © Greenpeace / Roger Grace.
&&$0/5 ⽅⾷ ㋣⾛㎫ ᠗䁳
Image by Joh J n B. B. Well e er e
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㅛ 䂏ᛣ⍣ ᙗḷ᠗ ル㽛⬃ᱻ ㋣ほ
ḷ ᗧ㎧ 㠈⾷⬃ ⎓⾷ᙳ ㄧ ㄇㅣ㽃 䅓⏄ㅣ ⯿ ㅯᱻ ㇷㅛ
⫄㫃ᛣㇼ ◶ ⼯⾷⬃ ⪛⼫ᗧᱻ ᷀┣ịㄿ ⫄䁃⪓⍣ ⼫⍛ᛇ
០᳧⍀ㄿ ㅣ❧ ㎧⿔ịㄧ ᠗䂫⚧䀻⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃ ㅛ◟ 㚇䅯 ⚧㽯
⛛䀟㽇 ㇼᶫ≃ 㞐❫䅯 㣋⽣⎳ 㽃 ㅛ⇓㽃 㽛⽸ ᛣㇼ ◿ㄫ
㮜㈃ ᗧ㽃 ⼼◼ ほㅟㄫ ㈃ᙗ㼿 ០㽛ㄿ ᷀Ⳅ┣ㄧ ❯䀼ⳋ㽃 ◟ⅿ⾷ ᴻ ㅿ ㄸ㽛 ᩿ᗯ ᠗䁳⍣ ⾢ᙳ ḃ ㈃ ᛜᗫㄣ≃⬃
ᚗ㼿ᱻ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᱻ ០㽛〧
០㽛ㄿ 㹴❧㽃 ㅷ⪗ㄧ ㅟ⌿ ⒏ḷㄿ ᙪㅛ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶
០᳧⍀ ⼯ ◻ㄿ ㆌ᠗ ⛜シ∌ㄫ ⛛ㆌ㼿ᱻ ᗧㆌ 䂏ᛣㅛᛇ
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᗧ ◟ⅿ ⬟᳧⍣ ル㽃 ㅛ 㹴❧㽃 ㅷ⪗ㄿ ⛛䀟⾷
ᗼ∌㽃 ᶫᝓㅛ ᬫ ⒐㹃⍣ ⬋ㇼ㽃 ㅛ䂫≃ &&$0/5
ㅣ㉗㽇 ᙪㅛ
䁳シㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⎵ㄧ ᩿Ⅳ ◶ ᠗ᛧịㅛ :66' ⒐㹃⍣
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ 㷓᛫ㅛ ⫄┣㽀ㄣ≃ ㄿ◟ ㅯᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔
᳓⬘㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ ᭟∌㽛 〻 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ
◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ㎸㽐ㄣ≃ 㿼⬘㼿ᱻ ᘃ 㽛⿔ㄫ ⬇⚫㽯
㋸ほ㽃 ᝓ⿔ịㄫ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ㎧ㇼ㼿᠗
㎧❧㬗 ㅛị ᗨ ᝓ⿔⾷ ᳧㼿⿓ 㽛᳠ 㽛⿔ㄿ ㎧⎓㽀 㽛⽸㽀
ル㽛⬃ ᭟∌㽃 ᛣ㽀ㅷị ◶ ០ 㻫≃⾷ ᗷ⪓⍣ 㹃㽃
⫄㫃㽀 㲠⬘⾷ ᳧㽛 ⬃Ⰷ㼿ᛇㅷ 㽃 ぃ ⛛䀟ᗧ 㼫ほ㽃㎧ ㋣ㆌᛣ ⬇㫄 ⪓㽔 ῷ㽃 ᗨ ᝓ⿔⚫≃ ㈃ᛜ㽃
ㅣ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㅛ᩿ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄧ ㎧⿔ ㋸ほ⬘ㄫ ㎧Ჳ ᝓ⿔ịㄫ ⛛䀟㽇 ⯿ ㅯ㎧⎳ ⿓⇓ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ᚗ㽃 ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᱻ ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫ ㄿ ⛜シ∌ㄫ ᴻ 㩓ᙳ ⛛ㆌ㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᱻ ᷀┣ịㅛ ♯Ⳅ䁃᷀ᛣ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ⫄⪗∌ ㅯᱻ ᛜ㽛⦷⎳ ⼫ᲯⅣ ᷀┣ịㅛ ⪓ᱻ 㽛⪗ 㽛㯛 ◶ ㉗ᗫ᳧⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⒏ệ ᳧㹃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ㄇ㿼ㄫ ⛛䀟㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ᷀┣ịㄧ ㅷⅣᛇ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ㄫ 㼿ᛇ ♯Ⳅ㼿⬃ ᛜᗫᛣ ⳃᗫㄫ 㮜㽛⬃ ㅛ᷀㽃 ᳧ៃ⒏ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⽸㽃 ほᝓ⪓㽔ㄫ 㞐㉘ⳃ㪏 ῷ㽃 ᬋ㲟コ㩓 ⾷⬃ㄿ ⛜㈃ 䀿ᚤㅛ ㆌ᠗ ⛜シ∌ㄫ ル㽛⬃ ㋸ほ㼿 ⠫Ⲟ㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ㄇ㿼ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿ᱻ ㋸ㄿ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ 䀼⛛㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ ᠗䂫⚧䀻⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ㅟル ῷᱻ ㅷ ㆓㽛⾷ ᳧⠫㽃 ⛛䀟⯿ㄫ ㈃ᛜ㽃 ⍟ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㽛⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫ ⾷⬃ ㅛ⇓㽃 ㄇ㿼ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᗧ ⪓䁳 ᚤ㈃ 䀿ᚤ 㠈⾷⬃ ⏋ ⬘ᛜㅛ⾯ ◻≃ 䀟㋣ㄿ ⇯ㅛ㲟 ⚇⎓⾛ ⎓㻫 *UHDW %DUULHU 5HHI ᗧ ㅛ◟ ㅛ⍣ ㅬ㎄㼿 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ០㎧⿔⾷⬃ ㋣ほ ⫄┣⽸⬘ᛣ ⫄⪗∌ 㽜ⳓ㎧ 㼫⯿ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ᶬ㲠㽃 ㎧⎓ 㲠⬘ㄫ ⼫⍛ᙳ ḇ ᘃ ᝓ⿔ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ㈃⼯㽃 ㅛ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᱻ ⿔⪓ 䁴ㄣ≃❧㬗 ⿓䅯 䁳⛜㋸ㅟ ㎧⿔ịᛣ ⳓᗨ㽃 䁴ㅛ ㅣ⾛᪃ ㅛ ⾭ᱻ ᝓ⿔ịㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ 㮜㽛⬃ ㎧ᝓ ⪨ ⾛ỻ⾷⬃ᶫ ☃ᚓ㽇 ⯿ ⾭ᱻ ⽸㽃 ㉬ịㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ០㽛ㄿ 㹴❧㼿ᛇ 㘫≃゛ ⽣⫄᷀┣ịㅛ ⛛䀟⍣ ☂ᙳ ḇ ᙪㅛ ㋸ほ㽃 ᙪㄧ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ᗧ 㽛⽸ 䀿ᚤ⾷⬃ㄿ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 㾌⾷ ᳧㽔㼿ᱻ ⛜シ∌ ㎄㎫ㄫ ⎓ᗧ ㅛ㽛㼿ᛇ ᶼᱻᱻ
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
Pair of Southern Royal Albatross. Image by John B. Weller.
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
13
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ 〫㼿ᙳ ⛛䀟᷿ᱻ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ 㮜㽃 ០㽛 ᘃ ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟⍣ ᝳᛇ㽃
1
០◿ᶫ
8
〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛
15 ≃ⲋ 㽛
2
ハᵟ 㽛
9
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㽛⿔ ᛜ㽛
16 㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⪗
3
⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ
10 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ ᛜ㽛
17 ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ
4
⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫
11 ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛
18 ⼫┟㈇ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛
5
⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫ ⼫㩓
12 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔
19 㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ ⬓
6
⒏ể ㄜ᠗
13 ᷀០ ᳧⍀❼
7
⛛⚚
14 ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃⫄┣ 䀿ᚤ
⼫ᛜ
⛛⚚ 㻫⎗ⲋ ⾷ểコể ⬓
7 ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ 5
9
4
8 6 3 ⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ
⼫⍛㿏㳗᩿
⪓ⲋ ⭗㲧Ↄể ᶫ
13 ハᵟ 㽛
㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể ᶫ
2
1
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⬓
10
12 㻫⎓㍯ ⎳
13
០᳧⍀
19
11 14
14
18 13
15 ≃ⲋ 㽛
14
16
17 ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ
14
䀟㋣ ᱛ㎯Ↄể
14
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០◿ᶫ ០◿ᶫ ◶ ❧ ᶫ⬃ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ᭹ㄧ ⫄┣⽸⬘ ᛣ ᙗ᳧㽃 ០㩓⎛ ᘃ㚛ịㄫ ❧⽸㽃 ῷ㽃 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ 㹴❧㽃 㩓⎛ ᴼ❫⾷ ♯Ⳅ ◶ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ᳧ៃ⒏ㄿ 㶔ឫ ┣ᘃ ᛇⅿ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ㄇ㎧㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ⬃០◿ᶫᱻ ㎧ᝓ ⪨⾷⬃ ᗧㆌ ៰ᚐ㽃 』᪃䀻 ㎧⿔⾷ 㽛 ᬫ ㅛ䂫 㶰ះ ᠗』ㅛ ġ ⪨Ⲡ㼿 㽛⡀ ᗷ⭳〧 ◧ㇸ㽃 』᪃䀻ᱻ ០ 㼣ể☘ㄫ ⎳ị⾛ ㅛ 』᪃䀻⍣ ᴻ ᗧ㋸ⳃ㪓 ⯿ᶫ ㅯ ᠗』 ⪨Ⲡㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛 ⾣ㄳㄿ ᳧↰ ᗷ⭳ᗧ ㅛ◟ ☃⫄㽛 㝃៣ ⯿Ⳕᬫᗫ ០◿ᶫ ⡀㼿ㄿ ᗧ ⭳ⳋ᷿⾯ 㪠㉗㎧ ⬓ㄿ ⏌ⲋプ ⎳⾷⬃ᱻ 㽛⡀ㄿ ㉛᠗ᗫㅛ ᬫ⾷⬃ ᬫ ⪓ㅛ⾷ ᘃセ⾷⬃ ᘃセ≃ 㝼᷿⾯ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ ᠗㎧ ៣㙿ㄿ ㇼ㘐⡀ᛣ ◻⍣ 㾌㽛 ᶳ㞃㽃 ㄈ㎧⾷ ᳓Ⅳ➀⾛ ㅯᱻ 㽛⡀ㄿ ḷᢿᱻ ᘀㄧ ᠗ᗫ ᷀⼯ FP⾷⬃ FP≃ ⽮⼫㈳ 』᪃䀻 㝻⬟ᗧ ㅛᛚ⾷⬃ ㎧ḃ ᚏゟ 㽛⡀ㄧ ␟㎧ ⼱⼫ ㅛ ㎧⿔ ⿓⇓ ᛚ⾷⬃ ⪓Ⅳ㎯ ᙪㅛ ㅛᱻ ⬃០◿ᶫ ◶ ᙗ᠗⾷ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ㉬ị⾷ᙳ ⳓᗨ㽃 ┟㈃⍣ 㛯ⅿ㽇 ᙪㅛ 㽛⡀ㄿ ⯇㯛ᗧ 㩓⎛ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ᗷ⭳⾷ᶫ シㅟㄫ ㈃ᛜ㼿ㄫ ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯ ⬃០◿ᶫᗧ 㩓⎛⾷ᙳᱻ ㋸ほ㽃 ⫄ㄈㆌㅛ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ⬃០◿ᶫㄿ 㩓⎛ ᗷ⭳ᱻ
Crabeater seals. Image by Cassandra Brooks.
០㽛 ⿔ㄿ ┟㈃≃ ❯ᙗ㎯ ⯿ ㅯ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ 㬘ᨯ㶔ឫᛣ ⼫ᵟ⎓㶔ឫ ᘃ㚛ㅛ ៰ᚐ䅯 ᗷ⭳㽃 ᙪᶫ 㹴❧㽯ᴿ 㩓⎛ㄿ ᗷ⭳⾷ ᠗ㅟ㽃 ᙪㅣ ⯿ ㅯ ᴻᝓ᩿ ᳧❧❫ ០◿ᶫ ㅟ៣ ⯿⿔⾷⬃ ㉗⾬㼿ᛇ ㅯᱻ ០㽛 㩓⎛ ⾛䁴↰ㅛ ᙗㄿ ᬫ ⎳⾷ 㝃ᛇ㠿⍣ ᠗≄㽯ᛇ ᴻ ᱿⾛᩿ᛇ ㅯㄫ ⯿ᶫ ㅯ ⾛䁴ᛣ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ㄿ ᗷ⭳⾷⬃ 》ᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ 㾌ㄣ≃ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ㉗⌿〧 㷓ㄇ᷀┣ ᘃ㚛ㅛ ⳓᗨ㽃 㾌ㄫ ☂ᙳ ḇ ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯ ⬃០◿ᶫ⾷ ⬋ㇼ᷿⾛ ᠗㉛ㄿ ㅸㄧ ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ịㄫ ᚗ㼿ᱻ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄧ ❯䀼ⳋ㽃 ◟ⅿㄿ ㅛ⇓㽃 㾌ㄫ 〫䀻ⳃ㤃㋫ ᙪㅛ
០◿ᶫ ㎧⿔
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
15
ハᵟ 㽛
᭹⼫㎧⬃ ⾣ㄳ⾷ ㉳᷿ᱻ ㅛ 䀿ᚤㅛ ❼ㄿ ル㿸⾷ ㎨㼿ᛇ ㅯ ⾣ㄳㄿ ⚧䀻ᱻ 㜄⡀ SDFN LFH ㄿ ㉛㆓⾷ ⫄䁃⪓⍣ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ 㩓⎛ᛣ ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃⾷ᙳ 㲠⚫䅯 ᗧ䀠㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ハᵟ 㽛⾷ᱻ ハᵟ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ㄿ
ハᵟ 㽛ᱻ ⬃០ᛣ ᷀០᳧⍀
ᗧㆌ ᠱㄧ ㎧⿔ㅟ 㼫䅯 ㋣⪨㽛❫ )LOFKQHU 7URXJK ㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓
⪓ㅛ⾷ ㅷ⎓ㆈᛇ ㅯᱻ 㩓ᛇ ᠱㄧ
㋣⒐㽇 ⎳㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ⽸⬘ㅛ ㅯ
⎳ㅬ❧ㅛ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ ⫄⪗∌ㅛ ⏋ ᭹ㄧᵗ ㅛᱻ ❧❫ㄣ≃ ᙗ᳧㽃 㼫䅯 ≇ )LOFKQHU 5RQQH ⡀❼ㄿ ❨☐⾷⬃ ⳃᚫ☐㾌ㄣ≃ ᶫᱻ ᙗ᳧㽃 䀿⌿ㅟ ハᵟ 䀿⌿ ᴼ❫ㅛ ⡀❼ ❨㒤ㄿ ◻ᱻ ⛛㮜 ⾣ㄳㄣ≃ ᵕ⿓ ㅯ⾛ ㅛ⪨ㅟ 㩓⎛ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ㅛ 㷓ㄇ⌿ ⾛⌿
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃⬃ ハᵟ 㽛⍣ ⛛䀟㽃 ⯿⎵ㄧ ᛇⅿ ㉬ ◶ ⏋㣧ㅟ ᗧ》⎓ 0F&DLQďV VNDWH Ộ ㉬ル᠗⾷ 㙿㽃 ⯿⎵ㄧ ᷀┣ịㄫ ㎧㤃᪣ ᙪㅛ ῷ㽃 㹴❧㽃 ⬃⫄┣ᛣ ⼫㎨ 㪷⪓ᶫ ᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ⬃ハᵟ 㽛 ㎧⿔ㄿ ⒏ệ ◟☃ᚓ ㉬ịᶫ ⛛㼿ᙳ ḇ ᙪㅛ ハᵟ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ ◶ ⳓ㽛⾷ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ⯿⎵ㄧ ᷀┣ịㄫ ㆇ㆓ㄣ≃ ⼼◼㼿⬃ ⬃០◿ᶫ ⯿⿔ㅛ ᚫ 』᪃䀻᷿⾛ ᗧ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⛛䀟ᗧ 㲠⚫䅯 ㋸ほ㽇 ⯿ᶫ ㅯ
◻᳞⪯⾷ᙳ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ㆌ⭳⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 ῷ㽃 ハᵟ 㽛⾷ᱻ ᳧䅯 ᭹ㄧ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㅛ ㉛㆓㼿⿓ ⽼ㄧ ᳧⍀❼ㄣ≃❧㬗 ⳓ㽛⾷ ㅛ⍛᠗ᠳ㎧ 㹃⛟㘫㟏㪷⪓ ἳ⎯ ⏋♯ ⯿Ⳕ ㉬ㄿ ⪯≃゛ ㉬ㅛ ☃ᚓḃ ハᵟ 㽛ㄿ ᶬ㲠㼿ᛇ ⫄㫃㽀ㄣ≃ ⭷⪨᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ⽸㽃 ⳓ㽛㎧⿔ㄫ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ㎧ㇼ㼿⿓ ⛛䀟㽃 ⼯⾷ ㅯᱻ 㘫≃゛ ⬃⫄┣ ⽸⬘ᛣ 㩓⎛ ᘃ㚛 ◶ ᵐ㠿 㩗 㷓Ⳅㅷịㄿ ㎧ ♯⬘ㄫ ⛛ㆌ㽇 ᙪㅛ ῷ㽃 ハᵟ 㽛ᱻ 㩓⎛ᛣ 㩓⎛ㄫ ␠ㅛ≃ ⪣ᱻ ⒏ệ 㷓Ⳅㅷịㄫ ル㽃 㼣᪃㙿 ᝓⳋㄫ 㽃 ⇮㎧⎳ ᠗䂫⚧䀻≃ ㅟ㽛 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᠗』ㅛ
ハᵟ 㽛 ㎧⿔
16
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
⪓ⲋ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 ㎧⿔
⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫ ⼫㩓
⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫ
ᾣ⍣ ㆈ⼫␠᠗ ル㽛 ㋣ル 㽛⿔ㄫ ㎧᪃ ᳧㿼 㷓Ⳅㅷịㅛ ⯿⾷⬃ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ᷀⼯ ⽸㽃 ⾛⌿ᗧ ⯿ ⼫ⅿ⾷⬃ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ㄫ 㽃 ⳓ㽛 ㎧⿔ㄫ ᝓ㼿ᴿ ᝓㅷịㄧ 㝃៣⾷ ㅛ ᶫㄿ ⬃㒤⾷⬃ ㆌᛧㄫ ㅛ⋏ᛇ ㅯᱻ ⯿⫄┣㎸ㄫ ☃ᚓ㽯
⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫᱻ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 ⼫㩓ㄿ ㄫ Ⅳ ル㠿㼿ᛇ ㅯㄣ ⯿⾭ㅛ ⎵ㄧ ㉗⌿〧 㷓ㄇ⌿ ⾛⌿ ┛㚀㝻᷀┣ị⾷ᙳ ♯Ⳅ㙿 ◶ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ㆌ⭳⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 ῷ㽃 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᭹ㄧ ⫄⪗∌ㄧ 㹴❧㽃 ⬃⫄┣⽸⬘ ⽸㽃 ⾛㉬ ◶ ᛇⅿㄿ ᚫ㇯ ␠ㅛ⪓ᫌ ㆌ⭳⍣
㎧シ㽃
⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ⬓ㄧ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛⾷ ㅯᱻ ⼫០㎧⿔ㄿ ⬓ㄣ≃⬃ ㅛᗧ ⽤ NP⾷ ❯ᛣ㼿㎧⎳ ⽣⫄᷀┣ㅛ
Larval icefish. Image by Uwe Kils / wikimedia commons.
ᗧỄ㽃 ᛚㅛ ⾜ ⎯⎓⾷ ㅛ⍛ᱻ ◻᳞⪯⍣ 㷓㽏㽃 ⯿⎵ㄧ ㉬ịᛣ 㽏ᢿ ☘⎳ ⎯⎓ᗧ ᱻ ┣ᘃịㅛ ㅛᛚ⾷ ⛛ㅷ⎓⍣ ⎳ệ ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ㋣⚧⾷ ㅯᱻ ⫄⪗∌ㅛ ᳧䅯 ᭹ㄧ ⯿⿔ㄧ 㻳ⅸ㩓㮋ᛣ 㩓⎛ㅛ 㹴❧㼿⿓ ⬓ㄿ ㉗⌿ ◶ 㷓ㄇ⌿⾷ᙳ ⽸❫ㄫ ᛜ៰㽃 ῷ㽃 ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ⪓☐ㄿ ⬃᷀┣⾷ ᳧㽃 ᝓ ᚗᛣ ᭹ㄧ ⯿㋧ㄿ 㮇㘐⬘ㄫ ㎧Ჳ ⽸㽃 ㎸ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ᗧ ể⇓᪓
⾛⬇ ◶ 㷓ᚤ⾬ㅷ ┣ᘃ⪓ᫌᦣịㅛ ⬟᠗ ❧㬗 ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ 䁃᷀㼿 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ┣ᘃ ᛇⅿ ⾛⌿ ㉗⌿⍣ 䁐㶷䀻ⳃ㤗ᛇ 㝃៣⾷ᱻ ⾫㚔᩿ᙳ ⎵ㄧ ⯿ㄿ ᷀┣ㅛ 䀣䁴ㄣ≃ ㋤⾯ ㅛ䂫 ┣ᘃ〧 ᛇⅿ ᘃ㚛ㄧ 䁳⛜᷿ᛇ ㅯ㎧⎳ ⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ⾷⬃ᱻ 㣯⡀⾛ 㾿㻫㲟០᳧ᝓ ◶ ᳧⎓⬄┛Დᶳ㠿ᗧ ᬫ᳧〧 ᬫ᳧⾷ ⳓ㼿ᙳ 䁴ḃ 䂫≃ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㅯ 㽃㶟 ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ 㩓⎛ᛣ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ◶ 㣯⡀⾛ ⾛⾬ㄧ ᚫ᷿ᛇ ㅯ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ 㹴❧㽃 ㅷㅷ⪗ㄫ ㅟㇼ㽃 ㅛ ⪓ⲋ 》㩓Ჯ ᶫㄿ 㒤⾷ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ㎧ㇼ㽇 ᙪㄫ ㈃⼯㽯 ᬫ⾷
⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫ ⼫㩓
Ⲡㅟ᷿ㅷ⎯ㅷ ㅛ ᶫᱻ &&$0/5ㄿ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ 㝃㛯 ⾛ᝓ⿔ㅛ ᷿⾯ ᙳᗧ ㅛ ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫〧 ⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫㄿ ᗨ ⬓ ㋣ル⍣ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ 㼿ᱻ ᙪㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 㝻ᗧㅟ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ 㿫㆓ &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃ Ⲡㅟ᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ⪨㫃ㅛ ㅣ❧ ᗧ⾷⬃ ᭣ㆨㅛ ㅯㄳ ㄫ ㈃⼯㽯 ⪓ⲋ ㉗㎧⼫ ㎧⿔ᛣ ᘀㅛ 㘫≃゛ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷ ᘃ㚛ㄫ
ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛ㄿ ᷀㒤 ⏏ ᩄ⾷ ㅯᱻ
ᗧ㎫ ᛚㄧ ㎧ᝓ ⪨⾷ ᙗㄿ ⼫ㅯ㎧ ⼱ ᩿⎯ ㅛ⇮ᙳ ⼫ㅯᱻ
⪳ểル㠿 ᶫᱻ ㅛ ㎧⿔ ⬓ị
♯⬘㼿ᱻ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ⛛ㆌ㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ᱻ 䀟㽃 ㉗㠿ᗧ 㼫ほ㼿
㋸⾷ ᗧㆌ ᷀ᾏ⾛㎫ ◻ル㰓⬘ㅛ
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ⛛䀟㽇 ᗧ㠿ᗧ ᗧㆌ 㩗 ᝓ⿔ㄫ 㳳⼬㼿ᱻ ᵗ ᶫェㄫ
⬓ịㅛ 䀠ᶬ㽃 ㅷ䀿ᚤ⾷ᶫ
㋣ᛇㅷ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷ ᳧㽛 ᴻ ᠱㄧ ❫⬄ㄫ ⎯┛⎓㽇 ㇼㅛ
❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ⪓ⲋ ⪳ểル㠿 ᶫᱻ ⬟ᚫ 㬘ᨯ㶔ឫㄿ ᙗㄿ ❫ㄿ ⾷ᙳ ♯Ⳅ㙿⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃 ⾫㚔᪃ ⯿ㄿ ⍟ 㶔ឫᛣ ◻᳞⪯ ┣ᘃị ⿔ⳃ ᙗ᠗⬃ ♯Ⳅ㽃 ⎓ᛇ ⛛ᶫ ᴻ ⎵ㄧ ᷀┣ịㅛ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㩓⎛
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
17
Wave rolling in ice sea cave. Image by John B. Weller.
⪓ⲋ ⲋ㤻㳗⼫ 㽛 ㎧⿔
18
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
⒏ể ㄜ᠗
᪕ㄧ 㽛⡀ᚗ㎸ᶫ ◶ た㽛 ⡀䀟ㄿ ◿⛜ 㿼⬘ㄧ ០㽛⾷⬃ ể┟ 㿫⪨ㅛ ᶬ㲠㼿ᛇ ⫄⪗ㅟ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ㅛᨯ ◿ ᳧⽸ ㎧⿔ㄧ ハᵟ 䀿⌿ㄿ 㾌ㄫ 㮜㽛 ᳧⬃⽸ 㽛⿔⾷ ◧ㇸ䅯 ᚗ᷿⾛ ㅯ ០㽛
⒏ể ㄜ᠗ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ᳧⬃⽸ ☐
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ⵏ ⒏ể 㽛∠ ◶ ㅟ៣
㒤 ❧❫⾷⬃ ᠱㅛ P ㎧
⯿⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᶬ㲠㽃 㽛⽸㽀 㲠㎼ᛣ ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ
Pᠳ㎧ ㄜ᠗㽃 ០ㅟ 㽛⽸
㎧㤃᪣ ᙪㅛ
㋸⽀ㄿ ᳧㎧ㅛ ㅛ ᳧㎧ᱻ 㽛⡀ㄿ ㎸ᶫᗧ ᪕ᛇ 㽛∠ ル⾷ ⡀䀟 ◻᳞┣ㅛ ể⇓᪃ ᝓ⿔ ᗧ 㿼⬘᷿᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ០㽛ㄿ ⍟ ㅟ៣ ㎧⿔ᛣ ₃∞ㅛ ᝓ⚫ḃ ᳧❧❫ㄿ ០㽛 ⡀䀟ᗧ ០᳧⍀ ❧៣⾷ ☃⫄㼿ᱻ ◿ ⒏ể 㽛∠ ル⾷ ᭺ㅟ 㽛⿔ㄧ ០㽛⾷ ḷ ᘃ◽⾷ ⾭ᱻ ◿⛜ た㽛 ⡀䀟 ㋸ㄿ 㼿᩿⍣ ⛛⿓㋧ ⒏ể 㽛∠ㄧ ᳧ៃ⒏ㄿ 㩓⎛ ᾣ〧 ᶬ㲠㽃 ⬃⫄┣ ◶ 㹴❧㽃 ⾛⌿ ◻᳞⪯ ◶ 㷓ㄇ⌿ᗧ ㅯᱻ ⫄┣㽀ㄣ≃ ⫄⪗∌ ㅯᱻ ㎧⿔ㅛ 㿫㆓ᠳ㎧ㄿ ᝓᱻ 㽛⽸㽀 ⯿㋸ ㎧㿼㽀 ◶ 㽛⡀ ⪓ㅛㄿ ⪨䀟ㅸゐㅛ ០㽛 ㋣⚧ㄿ ᝓ⿔ị≃❧㬗 ㎧⿔ᛣ ᛚㄿ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ❫⎓ⳃ㪏ᱻ ⪓ⳋㄫ ☄㿧 ᝓㅷịㅛ ᴻ ⎵ㄧ ⳃᗫᛣ ㅷシㄫ ⒏ể 㽛∠ ᝓ⾷ 㰓ㅬ㽇⯿≄ ០㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷ ᳧㽃 ⒏ể ㄜ᠗ㄿ ㋸ほ⬘ㅛ ᴻ ⑬䀼㽛㎧ᛇ ㅯ
Antarctic salps. Image by Cassandra Brooks.
⒏ể ㄜ᠗ ㎧⿔
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
19
⛛⚚
⛛⚚ ⬓ㄿ ⫄┣㽀 ᗧ㠿〧 ᶬ㲠⬘ㄫ ㅟⳄ㽃 ᭟⍛ハㅛ ᭟⍛ハㅛᱻ ㅛ ⬓ㄫ ㅷㄿ ∠ㅛⅣᛇ ㋣ㆌ㽃 ᱻ ᬫ ㅛ ⬓ᛣ ㅟ៣ 㽛⎓ㄿ ⯿⿔ㄫ ㅷ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ⬇⾟㽯 ⇮㎧⎳ ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ␟⾷⬃
⛛⚚ ⬓ㄧ ⬟ᚫ⾷⬃ ᗧㆌ たἛ
⪨⾬ ⾛❧ịㅛ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ◶ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ⒐㹃 ⾛㉬ㄣ≃ ⪣ᛇ
⬓ㅛ ᳧⬃⽸ ㋸⽀㽛∠ ルㄿ
ㅯㄣ 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ᶫ ㅛ⋏⾛㎧ᛇ ㅯㄫ ⯿ ㅯ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ 㶔ឫ ᘃ㚛ㄿ
㝃ㄿ 䀻⪗ 㽛⪗ㅟ ㅛ ㅸᛇ
ᗷ⭳ᱻ 㶔ឫịㅛ ☐㽛 ☂㎧ ⼱ᛇ ␠ㅛ⾷ ㇸ៣㼿ᱻ ᙪㄫ ⛛ㆌ㼿᠗ ル㽃
⡀㼿ᗧ ᵕㅟ ⬓ㄧ ០᳧⍀ㄣ≃❧㬗
␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ㆌ⭳ㄿ ㍰ᗨ ⛛䀟⍣ ㇼ᳠䀻㽃 ⛛⚚ ⬓ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ㄿ
NP ⎓ᛇ ⼫㻫⎓㡛
⛛䀟ᱻ ០㽛 ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ 㼫⯿
ᛜ䀻ㄿ ㄣ≃❧㬗 NP
ᝓ⬘ほ⭳ᗧ ḇ ᙪㅛ
ㅛ⪨ ᾏ⾛ ㅯ ㅛ⇮ᙳ ᛇ⎤᷿⾛ ㅯㄳ⾷ᶫ ០㽛⾷ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ㋣ほ ᷀┣ ⋠ ᳧❧❫ㅛ ⛛⚚ ⬓ ◶ ㅛ ⬓ ㋣ル 㽛⿔⾷ ⬃Ⳅ㽃 ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ 㤻ᩣ⎓㽛㹃〧 ┣ᘃ ⎯㡛≃Ჯ〧 㬘ᨯ㶔ឫ ⎓ᛇ ㅷㅛ⾟㲟 ◻㈃⠫ᗧ 㷓㽏ḃ ⯿ ⼫ⅿ⾷ᱻ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ 㩓⎛ ⽸㽃 ⬃Ⳅ┣ㅛ ♯⬘㼿ᛇ ㅯ ⛛⚚ ⬓ㄫ ḿ⇓ⳣ ᳧⍀❼ᛣ ᳧⍀⪓⾷⬃ᱻ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ◣㫃 ㄇㄣ≃ ᝓ⚫᷿ᱻ 䁳⪰ᶳ㠿⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ᙗㄿ ㉬ㄿ ⾛⌿ᗧ ☃ᚓḃ ῷ㽃 ០ 㩓⎛ㅛ ⿓᠗⬃ ♯⬘㼿 ⪨᳠䅯 㩗 ◻᳞⪯ ◶ 㷓ㄇ⌿ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ❧⽸㽃 ᛇ⎤ḃ ⬓ㄿ ル㠿 ἳ┟⾷ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㅛ ⛛⚚ ⬓ㄿ ⬃⫄┣ ⽸⬘ㄫ ㅛ㈃ ⎰ ☃ᚓ㼿᠗ ⳃㅸ㽯ㄫ ⦷ㅟᵗ Ⲡ⾛⾬ㅛ ㅛ◟ 㽛 ᷀┣ㄫ ◻ᦟ⾛ ᭺⼿ㄫ㎧ᶫ ⒏⍟
Leopard seal. Image by Cassandra Brooks.
⛛⚚ ㎧⿔
20
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㩓≃㈃ ㎧⿔
〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛 ᵟ㡛᭟ 㽛⿔ ᛜ㽛
〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㽛⿔ ᛜ㽛
〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ
ᵟ㡛᭟ ㄜ᠗ᱻ ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃㒤
ㅟᶫ⽸ ㎧⿔⾷ ル㠿㽃 ḷ ᘃㄿ
⼫㻫⎓㡛 ᛜ䀻ㄿ 㻫⎗ⲋ
㽛᳧㎧ㅛ ㅛ ḷ 㽛㯛ᱻ
⾷ểコể ᶫ ⬃㒤ᛣ 㻫ⅸⲋㄿ
០㽛 ⾛⾬ 㛯᠗❧㬗 ㅟ᠗ ㅯᱻ
㩓≃㈃ ᶫㄿ ᷀㒤 ⪓ㅛ⾷ ル㠿㽃
⾛ㆌㅛ⾯ 㙿ㄳ⾷ᱻ 䁳⪰ᶳ㠿⍣
ⳓ㽛 ᳧㎧ㅛ ㅛ ㄜ᠗ᱻ ḷ ᶫ
ㆈ⼿ᴿ ㅛ 㽛㯛ịㅛ 㝃៣⾷ᱻ
⪓ㅛㄿ ㋸ⳓ㝼ㄣ≃⬃ ᶫ⾷⬃
㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈᱻ ⾛ㆌㅛ
♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ⯿⎵ㄧ ◻᳞⪯〧 ┣ᘃ
᷿⾯ ⎓ᗧ 〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛⾷
ᘃ㚛⾷ᙳ ㋸ほ㽃 ⪰ㅛㆌㄫ
᳧㽛⬃ ⼫ᱻ ᙪㄧ ᳧❧❫ ⾛⾬ ῷᱻ ⾛⾬ ᛧ∏ ᝓㄿ ᚗᛣ┣ㅛ⾯ ㅛ
㈃ᛜ㽃 ⼫㻫⎓㡛ᛜ䀻ㄧ 㻫⎗ⲋ ⾷ểコể ᶫ ㋣⚧ㄿ ☗㪧
㎧⿔ㄿ ⾛⌿ ᘃ㚛ㄧ ⿔⪓ㅟ ,88⾛⾬⾷ ㄿ㽛 㩗 㾌ㄫ ☂⼿ 〜
ᚤ㈃⯿⿔ ((= ⾷ 㽛⽸⛛㎧⿔ㄫ ㈃⼯㽯ㄣ 㻫ⅸⲋᱻ 㩓≃㈃ ᶫ
◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛ᱻ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ル㽛⬃ᶫ ㋸ほ㽃 ㎧⿔ㅛ㎧⎳
㋣⚧ ☗㪧 ᚤ㈃⯿⿔ ㄿ ᠗㉛ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ 䀼᳧㽇 ᙪㄣ≃
ῷ㽃 㷓ㄇ⌿ ◶ ᠗㪧 ⽣⫄᷀┣ị⾷ᙳᱻ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ㆌ⭳⍣ ㈃ᛜ㽃
⪨ḃ ⇣⾷ᶫ ᵟ㡛᭟ ㄜ᠗ ルㄿ 㹴❧㽃 ⪰ㅛㆌ ㋸ ⎵ㄧ ❧❫ㅛ
ᵟ㡛᭟ 㩓≃㈃ ㎧⿔
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
21
ᛜ㽛⾷ 㽛 ㅯ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ⛛䀟⍣ ☂㎧ ⒢㼿⿓ 㟏⽤㽃 ⪨㫃 ᵟ㡛᭟ ㎧⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ⯿☘⎳ㄿ 㷓ㄇ⌿ ◶ ㉗⌿⍣ ル㽃 ㋸ほ ⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣ ⛛䀟㽇 ᙪㅛ ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ ㉬ル᠗⾷ ㎨㽯ᙗ᩿ ㉬ル᠗⾷ ៣ㇸ㽃 ⯿⎵ㄧ ⼳◻㲟≃ⲋ ㉬ịᶫ 㷓㽏ḃ
King penguin creche. Image by John B. Weller.
ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ⾛⾬ㄫ ㎧㽃 &&$0/5ㄿ ⬘ᛣ⍣ ◦㎧⎳ 〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ Killer Whale in Southern Ocean. Image © Greenpeace / Daniel Beltrá.
㽛㯛ᱻ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ⵏ ⛛䀟᷿⾛⽣ 㽃 㿫㆓ 㻫⎗ⲋ ⾷ểコể ◶ 㩓≃㈃ ᶫᗧ ⏋ᬫ ᙗ᠗⾷⬃ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ⯿☘⎳ㄿ ㉗⌿ ◶ 㷓ㄇ⌿⍣ ⛛㼿᠗ ル㽛 ㅷ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ⛛䀟᷿ᛇ ㅯ 㼿㎧⎳ ⫄⪗∌ㅛ ᭹ㄧ ᵟ㡛᭟ ㄜ᠗
䁴 ἳ┟⾷ 〜 ◶ ⇯᩿ 㽛㯛ᱻ 㿫㆓ ⒏ệ ⾛㉬ㄿ ⾛䁴ㅛ ㎧ḃ
㎧⿔ᛣ ⬃ ㅟᶫ⽸ 㽛∠ ルㄿ 㽛⿔ㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 ㅛ ᶫ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ⿔ⳃ
⪨㫃 䁳⪰ᶳ㠿 ⾛⾬ㅛ ☃㽃 ᙪㄧ ᬫ᳧ㅛ㎧⎳ 㮋⾷
㋣ほ ⪰ㅛㆌㄣ≃ ⛛䀟᷿⾛⽣ 㽃
᳓㼿ᱻ ᗫ ⾛䁴↰ㄧ ㅛ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ៰ᚐ䅯 ᛇᗯⳃ㤗 ᬫ᳧⾷ &&$0/5ᗧ ㅛᛚㄿ ⾛⾬ ᛧ⎓⍣ ᚏ☂⼿ㄫ ἳ ⳇ䅯 ⾛䁴↰⾷ ㈃㽃ㅛ ᗧ㽛㈳ᛇ ᬫ᳧ ㋸◿⾷ᱻ ⾛⾬ㅛ ㎧᷿⾯ ᬫᗫ ⾛⾬ㅛ ⾭⾯ᱻᵗᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ 䁳⪰ᶳ㠿 ᘃ㚛⯿ᗧ 䁳⛜᷿⾯ᱻ ㎄ᙗᱻ ⾭ 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ 㽐♼ ⾛䁴ㅛ ᬫ❧㬗 ⳃㅸ᷿⾯㎧⎳ ❯♼ ⾛⬇ị ῷ㽃 ㆓⡏⎓ ㅛᛚㄣ≃ ᯯㄫ ᶳ∟ ᛣᶫ㽃 ⾛䁴ㄧ ᬫ ⾛ㆌ 㶷⮫⍣ ᗧ〻㎧⎳ ⇣⾷ᶫ ,88 ⾛⬇ịㅛ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ ᚫ㽛⬃ ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈㄫ ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯ
⼫㻫⎓㡛ᛜ䀻ᛣ 㻫ⅸⲋ ㇼ❧ 1*2 㚛 ◶ ᛣ㽀ㅷị ⪓ㅛ⾷ 㻫⎗ⲋ ⾷ểコể ◶ 㩓≃㈃ ᶫ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿᠗ ル㽃 ᛜ᷀᭟∌ㅛ ㎫㽰᷿ᛇ ㅯ ᵟ㡛᭟ ㄜ᠗ㄿ ᗧ㠿⍣ ㅟⳄ㽃 ㅛ 㚛ịㄧ ㅛ ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔ㄫ 㽃㠜 ᴻ ⛛䀟㼿᠗ ル㽛⬃ &&$0/5〧ㄿ 㿸∌⾷ 㩗 ᛧⳓㄫ ᗽᛇ ㅯ ០㽛 ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ⵏ ᵟ㡛᭟ ㎧⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿ᱻ ᙪㄧ ㉬ル᠗ ῷᱻ ㉬ル᠗⾷ ៣ㇸ㽃 ᙪㄣ≃ ᗫ㋣᷿ᱻ Ⳕ⿓ ㉬ㄿ ⼳◻㲟≃ⲋ⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ᙗ᠗⬃ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ┛⯿㽃 ┣ᘃ〧 㶔ឫ ◶ ◻⪯ㄿ ⛛䀟⾷ ᠗⿓㽇 ᙪㅛ
Underwater seastars and anchor ice. Image by John B. Weller.
22
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ ᛜ㽛 ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ ᛜ㽛
Close up, Lanternshark eye. While this image was taken in the Atlantic, similar Lanternsharks thrive in the subantarctic marine environment. Image by David Shale/naturepl.com.
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ ᶬ㲠㽃 ㎧㎯㽀 㲠⬘ ᴼ⾷ ᭹ㄧ ⫄⪗∌ 㘫≃゛ ⫄┣⽸⬘
㎧᷿⾯ 㼿㎧⎳ ,88㉗⾬ㅛ ᚫḇ
◶ ᳧ៃ⒏ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ㅛ⋏ᛇ
ᗧ⬘ㄧ ㅯ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ル㽃
ㅯ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㅛ ⾛❧〧 ┣ᘃ⪓ᫌᦣ ◶
㽛㯛ㄿ ㋸ほ⬘ ἳ┟⾷ ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛ᱻ ០㽛
ᛇⅿ⪓ᫌᦣị⾷ ㄿ㽛 ⳃ᳓⎓ 㽯㎧⎳ ⪯≃゛
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᳧㹃 ᬋ㲟コ㩓⾷
㉬ㅛ ᦟ㋧䅯 ☃ᚓ᷿ᱻ Ộ 㽛⽸ ⫄┣ㄧ ⿓䅯
㷓㽏᷿⾛ ⛛䀟᷿⾛⽣ 㽃
㹴❧㽃 ⪨㫃 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᭹ㄧ 㻳ⅸ㩓㮋 ⫄⪗∌ㄧ ⽸㽃 ⫄┣ㅛ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷ ◧㎸㼿⿓ ⪛⼫ᗧᙳ 㼿 ㅛ≃ ㅟ㽛 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ ⿔⪓ㄣ≃ ⾛⌿ ◶ 㷓ㄇ⌿ ㅷシㄿ 䁴ㄫ ᚑ⾛⽣ 㽯 ᚗᛣ ┣ᘃᱻ 〫䅯 ㉬᷿⾯ᛇ 䀠Ộᛇⅿ〧 ☐⯿ᛇⅿᱻ ⼫㎨ᠳ㎧ 䁳⛜᷿㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㅯ
◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛 ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛ᱻ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ 㒤⾷ ㅯᱻ ⾟ᴼ ⒏⽸ㄿ ㄜ᠗㎧㿼ㄣ≃ 㩗 㽛 ᳧㎧〧 ㄇ⪓㽃 ⽸㽃 ⽣⫄᷀┣ịㄫ ❧⽸㼿 ῷ㽃 㳳㪧ᛇᲯ⼫ ◶ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ㋣ほ ⬃Ⳅ㙿ㅛ᠗ᶫ 㼿 ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛ᗧ ᶬ㲠㽃 ᘃ㚛ㅟ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ⪗Ⅷ㎧ㅣ ⯿ᶫ ㅯᱻ ㇷㄫ ⳃ⪓㼿ᱻ ㎄ᙗᗧ ᱿ᛇ ㅯ
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔
ῷ㽃 ㅛ 㽛㯛⾷ᱻ ⪨᳧ㄣ≃ ᳧㿼 ⾛⌿ᗧ
Gentoo penguin on iceberg. Image by John B. Weller.
⎵᠗ ἳ┟⾷ 㽐♼ ⾛❧ ◶ ,88 ⾛❧ịㄿ
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔ㄧ ᛜ㽛⪨⾷
⠯♯㽃 ⾛ㆌㅛ ᷿⾯ ⾛䁴┣⾷ᱻ ᗧ》⎓ ◶
ㅯㄣ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ ᷀ ❨᷀㒤 ◶
◣㫃ㄿ ❧⯿ ⾛䁴ㅛ 㷓㽏ḃ ⪨⾬ ⾛⾬ㅛ
ㅟᶫ⽸㽛∠㚛ᚫ ᷀㒤⾷ ㅯ ០ ⯿∛᳧
❯ᛣ ⯿ᬫ⾷ ❯ᛣ㼿㎧⎳ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ᘃ㚛ㄧ
◶ ០ 䀿⌿ $&& ㄿ ㎫≃⾷ ㅯᱻᵗ
៰ᚐ䅯 ᗷ⭳᷿⾯ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ ㆈ᠗ ル㽃
ゟ㰨❯㰨㽃 ⳓ㽛 ⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣ ㎧Ჳ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ
Ⲡ⾛⾬ㄧ ᛣ㽀 ㉗⪓ㄿ ᚤ た⾷ᱻ
》㎼⾛ ◶ ⾛⌿ㄿ ᳧ៃ⒏ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ❧⽸㽃
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
23
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔
ῷ ㅛ ⾛⌿ ◶ 》㎼⾛ᱻ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể +HDUG DQG
ᘃ㚛⯿ 䁳⛜⾷ 㼫ほ㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ᝓ⿔ᶫ ⛛䀟㽛⽣ 㽃
0F'RQDOG ᶫ ❧៣⾷⬃ ♯Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ᙗ᳧㽃 ㄈ㎧ ᠗◿ 㷓Ⳅㅷ
ᬫ⾷ ㎧ㇼḃ 㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể ᶫㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᷀㒤
ᘃ㚛ㄿ ␠ㅛ⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄫ 㮜㽛⬃ 䁳ㄇ㼿ᱻ ᛇⅿ ◶ ◻᳞⪯ㄿ
ᗧㆌㅷ⎓ᗧ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔ᛣ ㅟㇸ㽛 ㅯ ⽸㽃 㽛 㲠⬘ᛣ
␠ㅛᗧ ḃ 㲠䅯 㪠㶔ឫ ០┣ᘃ ◶ 㤻ᩣ⎓㽛㹃ᗧ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳
ᚗ㽐㽃 ០㽛 ᶬ㲠㽃 ル㠿 ἳ┟⾷ ㅛ ⫄⪗⯿⿔ㄧ ◻᳞⪯ 㷓ㄇ⌿
⫄⪗⯿⿔⾷ ㄿ㉛㽃
┣ᛇ᠗ịㅛ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ ⫄⪗∌ㅛ ᭹ㄧ ㎧⿔ㅛ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ
㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ㈃ᶫ⾷ ᳧㽃 㻫ⅸⲋㄿ ㄇᝳ ㋣ㆌᛣ 㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể ᶫ⾷ ᳧㽃 䀟㋣ㄿ ㄇᝳ ㋣ㆌㄣ≃ ㅟ㽛 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ ⎵ㄧ ❧❫ㅛ &&$0/5ㄿ ᛧ㽇ᝳ ◽⾷ ᭺⿓ㅯ ᳧ⳇ⾷ ㅛ ⬓ịㄧ ☗㪧 ᚤ㈃⯿⿔ ⼯⾷ ㅯㄣ ㅛ ḷ ᩿Ⅳᱻ ㅷㄿ 㮇 ⾷ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ
ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔ ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽛⬃ᱻ 㒤ㄿ ◿ㅷ⇯ 㽛㯛〧 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể ᶫ ⬃㒤ㄿ ᛜ㽛 ㎧⿔ ◶ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ⫄⪗⯿⿔ㅛ 㷓㽏᷿⾛⽣ 㽃 ㅛ ㎧⿔ịㄫ 㼿᩿≃ ┝ㄣ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㋣ほ ᝓ⬘ほ⭳ᗧ ḇ ᙪㅛ
㎧ㇼ㼿᠗ ル㽃 㩗 ᙟㄳㄫ ἂ⾯ NP ⍣ ⼫⍛ᱻ 㾯ể ⽋ ⏌ᶫ᪇ể ᶫ ㋣ルㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ ⬟ᚫ 㝃᳧ ៃ⒏⾷ 㽃 ㅛ ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ 㮇 ㄿ ⒏ệ ⯿⿔ 㽛⼯ㄣ≃❧㬗 㽛⎓ ㄫ 㷓㽏㼿 ⼯⾷ᱻ ⬧ ⯿ ⾭ㅛ ⽸㽃 ㄇ㿼ㄿ 㽛 ⬃ịㅛ ㅯ 㻫ⅸⲋㄿ ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ 㩓≃㈃ ᶫ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ 㽛᳧ㄿ ㅣ❧ᗧ ⼫Ჿ ㋣⚧ ◶ ㅟ៣ㄿ 㮇 ⒏ệ 㽛⿔ᛣ 㣋ᝓ⾿⇳ ㈃ᶫ ㋣ルㄿ 㮇 㽛⿔ㄿ ㄧ ❧❫ㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 ㅛᱻ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ 㽛⽸ ⛛ㄫ ル㽛⬃ ᠗᳧㽇 ⎳㽃 㚒㞃☃ㅛ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᭟∌⾷ᶫ ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ◟㉗⪓ ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⛛ㄫ ル㽛⬃ᱻ ᴻ 㩗 ⛛䀟㉗㠿ᗧ 㼫ほ㼿 ᷀ⳃ⾷ ⾛⌿ ◻᳞⪯ ◶ 㽛⽸ 㷓ㄇ⌿ㄿ ᛇᗯḃ
24
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
Iceberg, Southern Ocean. Image by John B Weller.
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
ῷ㽃 㽛⪗ㅛ ㉬㉬ ⽸㽃 ⋠ㄿ ㉬ịㅛ ␟┛ᱻ ㆌ⭳ㅛ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ẋ⍛⠳ 㽛 ⍛㠇 㽛⪗ ῷ㽃 ⛛䀟⍣ ᗼ䀻㽇 ᗧ㠿ᗧ ㅯ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃 㹃♻㽛㹃 ◶ 㤻ᩣ⎓㽛㹃⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ⼫ᵟ⎓㶔ឫᛣ 䁐㈃㶔ឫㄫ ル㽃 ᴻ ㄧ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟⍣ 㝻㚃㽃 ᴻ ⎵ㄧ ⬃⫄┣ ㎧⿔ ◶ ᳧⽸ ㎧⿔ᶫ 㷓㽏᷿⾛⽣ 㽃 ᷀០⾷ ㅯᱻ ㅣ❧ ㈃⼯ ᝓ⿔ㄧ ᠗䂫 㘟㉗ ㎧⿔ㄣ≃ⵏ ⎓ᛇ ᠗䂫⚧䀻⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃ 〕ᚏ㎫ ㉬ịㄫ ル㽃 ㆇ㆓ ᠗䂫 㼣᪃㎧⿔ㄣ≃ⵏ ᛣ㽀 ᗧ㠿⍣ ㎧Ჯᛇ ㅯ ᷀០ㄿ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ᘃ㚛ㄧ ៃ⒏ᗧ ㅸ⼫ ⛛ㅛ 㽐♼ ⾛⾬ ◶ ,88⾛⾬ㄧ ㅛ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ⡏⎓ ᛇᗯⳃ㪓 ⯿ ㅯ ㅛᱻ ㅛ 㽛⿔ㅛ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᳧㹃 ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ ⛛䀟᷿⾛⽣ 㼿ᱻ ᴻ 㩗 ㅛㄇᗧ ḃ
᷀០ ᳧⍀❼
⛛䀟 ᳧⪨ㄣ≃ ㈃⼯ḃ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᝓ⿔ịㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ᷀០ ㎧⿔ㄧ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ㄳ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ㋣㈃ᗧ ḇ ᙪㅛ
᷀០ㄿ 㽛⼯ ᝓ⿔ịㄧ ⯿☘⎳ ⎯⎓ㄿ ┣ᘃ ◶ 㽛⽸㉗⌿ㄿ ⬃Ⳅ㙿ㅛ ㅷ⊳ᗧ ❧㉘㽃 ㎧⿔ㄣ≃ ᗫ㋣᷿᠗ᱻ 㼿㎧⎳ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ ⯿⎵ㄧ 㶔ឫ ◻㈃⠫ ◶ ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃⍣ ル㽃 ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ◶ ♯Ⳅ ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ⵏ ㋸ほ㼿 ᠗㉛ㄿ ᵗㅛ㬗 ❫⬄ㄧ ᶬ㲠㼿ᛇ ⽸㽃 ⬃⫄┣ㄿ ⫄㫃㎧⿔ㅛ ᷀០⾷ ⎵ᱻ ᙪㄫ ⛛⿓㋣⾯᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ㅛ ᝓ⿔ịㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ⽸㽃 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ␠ㅛ䁃᷀ ᝓ⿔ㄿ 㿫⪨ ㄇ㎧⍣ ⛛ㆌ㽇 ⯿ ㅯㄫ ᙪㅛ ῷ㽃 ㅛ ᝓ⿔ịㄧ ᠗䂫⚧䀻 ᝓㅷị≃ 㼿⿓ ㅟᗫ⾷ ㄿ㽃 ⫄㫃ᚫ Ⅷㄫ 㽃 ㎧⿔⾷⬃ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌ㄫ 㠈ㇼ㼿ᙳ 㼿ᱻ 㘟㉗ ᝓ⿔ㅛ ḇ ⯿ ㅯ &&$0/5⾷ ㈃㞃㽃 ᷀០ ᳧⍀❼⾷ ᛧ㽃 䀟㋣ㄿ ❫⬄⾷ ⍛ ⽸㽃 ┣⎓ ⫄┣㽀 㲠㎼ㄫ ㎧Ჳ ⿓⇓ ᝓ⿔ㅛ 䀼ㅟ᷿⾯ ㅛ ᝓ⿔ịㄧ ᬋ⋏ⲋ *XQQHUXV ⾻ᴻ⠫ (QGHUE\ 㻫⎓㍯ 3U\G] ể⎓ᗯⲋ㪋 'U\JDOVNL ン㩓ⲋ :LONHV ⏌≃♫㲟ⲏ 0DF5REHUWVRQ ◶ ẋ⍛⠳ 㽛 ⍛㠇 GďXUYLOOH 6HD 0HUW] ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ 䀼ㅟ᷿⾯ ㅛ ᝓ⿔ịㄧ 㚛ㄣ≃ ᳧⍀❼ ᳧⽸ ⫄㫃ᚫ ᳧⍀㽛∠ 㚛᷀┣ㄫ ル㽃 ⫄┣⽸⬘ 㽜ⳓ㎧ 㽛⪗ 㽛㿸ᛈ ◶ ⾛⎗ 㩓⎛ㄫ ル㽃 ⫄ㄈㆌㄣ≃ ᗧ㽃 ㎧㿼 Ộ ⯿ㄿ ᶬ㲠㽃 ⬃⫄┣ 㲠⬘ᛣ ᳧⽸ 㲠⬘ㄫ ㎧㎧ᛇ ㅯ ⿓᠗ㄿ ០㩓⎛ㄧ ⯿⎵ㄧ 䅗◻㈃⠫ VQRZ SHWUHO ᙳㆈㅛ 㽛㹃 ◶ 㶔ឫㄫ ᨳ⾛ịㅟ ㅛ ᝓ⿔⾷⬃ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ 䁐㈃㶔ឫㄧ ⯿⎳ ⎯⎓ ῷᱻ ㅛ⪨⾷ ᳓㼿 ⾛ᶫ ㄧ ㅛᛚ⾷⬃ ♯Ⳅ㽃 ᷀០ ㎧⿔ㄧ ⍟ ⎵ㄧ ០㽛 ᝓ⿔ị㙿⇣ ᠱㅛ ᝓ᷿㎫ ⼱⼿ ⇓᩿ 䀟㋣ᱻ 㻫ⅸⲋ〧 ᛜ᷀ㄣ≃ ㅣ∏ㄿ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ル㽃 ⳃ᩿⎓》⍣ ㈃⼯㽯 䀟㋣〧 㻫ⅸⲋㄿ ㈃⼯⾷ᱻ ㎧ᠳ㎧ 㳳⼬ḃ ⯿ㄿ ⽸㽃 㽛 ⫄㫃㎧⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟⍣ ㈃㘤㼿 ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ 㩓⎛ ◶ ᠗㪧 ⡀⾛ ㉬ịㄫ ル㽃 ㆇ㆓ ⫄ㄈㆌㄿ ⛛䀟ᶫ 㷓㽏ḃ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⛛䀟⍣ ᴻ 㷔ᙳ ⳋⳃ㽇 ᙪㄫ ㈃⼯㼿 ᷀០⾷⬃ 㷓᛫ㅛᛇ ᳧㹃ㅟ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⾷ 㷓㽏᷿ᶫ≄ ᛇ∋᷿⾛⽣ 㽇 ⿓⇓ 㝻ᗧ ᝓ⿔ ◶ ㎧㿼ịㄫ 㳳⼬㽯 ㎧㿼⾷ 㷓㽏᷿ᱻ ⪓㽔ㄧ 㤻ⲋ⒏ᬂ &RVPRQDXW ᘃ⯿⿔ ◶ ᠗㪧 ㋸ほ㽃 ᘃ⯿⿔ ᶬ㲠㽃 ㋣⪨㽛❫ ㅬᝓ ⬇⪨㎧〧 㽛㿸ᛈㄫ 㷓㽏㼿ᱻ 㻫⎓㍯ ⎳ ❨㒤 ᝓ⿔ ᷀០ ㎧⿔ㄿ ᷀㒤 ᚤᚫ⬇ ❧៣ 㽛⪗ ⎓ᛇ ᗧㆌㅷ⎓ 㽛 ᳧㎧ Ộㅛ ㅛ⇓㽃 ᝓ⿔ịㅛ 㷓㽏᷿ ᷀០ㄿ ᗧㆌ ᶬ㲠㽃 ⫄㫃ᚫ ㎧㿼⾷ ᳧㽃 ⛛䀟ᗧ ᗼ䀻ḇ ᙪㅛ 㲠䅯 㤻ⲋ⒏ᬂ ᘃ⯿⿔ ◶ ᠗㪧 ᘃ⯿⿔ịㄧ ᛇ⫄⪗⬘ ᝓ⿔ㅛ ㅛ ᝓ⿔ịㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 㹴❧㽃 ⪰ㅛㆌịᶫ ⛛ḇ ᙪㅛ
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
Diver with seal. Image by John B. Weller.
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
25
᷀០ ᳧⍀❼ ㎧⿔
Adélie penguins on ice. Image © Greenpeace / Roger Grace.
26
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃⫄┣ 䀿ᚤ
ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃⫄┣ 䀿ᚤㄧ ᳧↜ ᷀ᚤ i
᷀ㅟᶫ⽸ 㽛⪗ㄧ 㽛⪗ㅛ ᷿㎧ ⼱⼿
⾷⬃ ᷀ᚤ i ⎓ᛇ ル i⾷⬃ ル i ⪓ㅛ⾷ ᙟ㚷ㅯᱻ ᛸ♻ル㽃 ㎧⿔ㄫ
⪨᳧ㄣ≃ 㶰㶰㽃 ⳓ㽛 㽛❫ㅛ ᷿⾯ㄫ
㷓㽏㽃 ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄧ 㫃㶰⽸ ០ 㽛∠
⪨ ⾛ỻ⾷⬃ᶫ 㘥⼫⛣ ⯿ ⾭ᱻ ㉬ịㄿ
㚛ᚫㄿ ⬃㒤 ᗧㆌㅷ⎓〧 䀟㋣ ០ 㽛❫ㄿ
ᘃ㚛ㅛ ㅯㄫ ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄫ
⎵ㄧ ❧❫ㄫ 㷓㽏㽃 ㅛ⇮ᙳ ㄧ ㎧⿔
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ㎧ㇼ㼿ᛇ ⛛䀟㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ
⼯⾷ ㅯᱻ ᬋ ᘃㄿ 㲠ㇼ ᝓ⿔ 㼿᩿ 㼿᩿⾷ᱻ
㉗⌿ ┣ᘃ ◶ ᛇⅿịㄿ ⬃Ⳅ㎧⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ⬧
០㽛 ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ ル㽛⬃ ㋸ほ㽇 ⯿ ㅯᱻ
⯿ ⾭ㅛ ⎵ㄧ 㽛 ㉬ịㅛ ⛛䀟⍣ ☂ㄫ ⯿
ᶬ㲠㼿ᛇ ⽸㽃 ⬃⫄┣ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ᗧ ㅯ
ㅯ
ㅛ 䀿ᚤ ㄿ ᬋ ㎧⿔ㄧ 㲠⚫䅯 ㋸ほ㼿
ㆇ㆓ ᗧ㠿 ἳ┟⾷ ០㽛 ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶
᭟ⲋ ⍛㠇 1RUWK 0HUW] ⾷ᱻ ⽸㽃
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ ⛛䀟᷿⾛⽣
㽛∠ᛣ 㽛⪗ㅛ ㅯᛇ 㽃㶟 ㅟᶫ⽸ 㽛❫⾷ᱻ
㽃
ㅛ ㎧⿔ ㄇㅣㄿ 㽛⪗ㅛ ㅛᛚ⾷ᱻ ㎧ᝓ
㽛⯿ 』ᶫᗧ ᴻ ᭹ㄧ ⳓ㽛 㽛❫ㅛ ㅯㄣ ᭟ⲋ ể⎓ᗯⲋ㪋 1RUWK 'U\JDOVNL ⾷ᱻ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷⬃ ㄇㅣ㽃 ᳧⽸ ㋣⪨㽛❫ㅛ ㅯ
ㅟᶫ⽸ ⬃⫄┣ 䀿ᚤ ㎧⿔
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
27
≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔
≃ⲋ 㽛 㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⪗ ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔ㅛ ⛛䀟ᗧ 㼫ほ㽃 ᳧䅯 ㋸ほ㽃 ㎧⿔ㅛⅣᛇ ◦ᛇ ㅯ ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ 㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⪗ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⎳ㅬ❧ᗧ 㷓㽏ḃ ≃ⲋ 㽛ᱻ ០⬇ ❧ㄿ 㝃᳧ ᳧⍀❼ ⫄㫃ᚫㅛ ≃ⲋ 㽛ᱻ ០㽛ㄿ ⍣ 㘏㎧㽇 ⦷ㅛ㎧⎳ ⍟ ⎵ㄧ ០㎧⿔⛛ 䃏⼓ 㩗 ⫄┣⽸⬘ㄫ ㎧Ჳ ᛇㄇㄿ 㲠⬘ㄫ ┛ᶫ ⎵ㅛ ᗧ㎧ᛇ ㅯㄣ ⪨᳧ㄣ≃ ⭷⪨᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ ㅛ ⫄㫃ᚫ≃ ㅟ㽛⬃ ㅛ ㎧⿔ 䀿ᚤㄧ ⫄┣⽸⬘ 㽜ⳓ㎧≃ ❯⎓ᙳ ᷿⾯ ㅛ㙿⇣ ≃ⲋ 㽛ᱻ ០㽛⾷⬃ ⫄㫃ㄣ≃ ㎧០䅯 ㄿ◟ⳓㆌ㽃 ㎧⿔ㅛ ⛛᠗ ể┟ 』㽃 ⫄㫃ᚫㅟ ≃ⲋ 㽛ᱻ ᗧㆌ ㄇ⑬㼿ᛇ ル⾫⾷ 㘓 ㅣ❧ ០ ⫄┣ㄿ ⬟ᚫ ᘃ㚛 ㋸ ⯿⍣ ❧⽸㽃 ⠫ㄏㄧ ᪕ᙳ ㆈ⼫ᶫ ㄳᛣ ᘀ ٢ ⬟ᚫ ⼫ᵟ⎓㶔ឫ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ٢ ⬟ᚫ 䁐㈃㶔ឫ ᘃ㚛ㄿ
≃ⲋ 㽛
٢ ⬟ᚫ ០◻㈃⠫ ᘃ㚛ㄿ ῷᱻ ㅛ⪨ ٢ ⬟ᚫ ០◴㩓ᛇⅿㄿ ٢ 㫃㶰⽸ ハᵟ㽛㹃ㄿ ٢ ⬟ᚫ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ♻ᛇⅿ &㿼 ㄿ
㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⪗ Ross Sea algal bloom from space. Image by NASA.
⍟ ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷⬃ ⪨⾛〧 ⠫Ⲟ㽃 ⿔㽇ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷ ⾛⌿ᱻ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㅛ ㅛ ㉬ㄿ ⫄⎓㽀ㄧ ㎸㋸ㄣ≃ ᝓ᷿⾯㎧⎳ ⫄䁃⪓⾷ ᳧㽃 ⬟❧⪓㽔ㄧ 䀼ㅟ᷿㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㅯ ⍣ ị⾛ ⼳ㅛ᩿ ㄇ⫄ ㅸㄧ 㠿⾛ᗧ ☃ᚓḃ ㅛ ⾭ᛇ ᩿⎯ ⼳∋㎫ ◻⾷ ㄿ㼿 㫃㶰⽸ ០ 㽛∠ ៣㙿⾷⬃ ᚏゟᛣ ⛫ ᷀⼯⾷ ⪗Ⅷ㽇 ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯᛇ ⼳ㄧ ≃ⲋ 㽛 䀿⌿⾷ ㄿ㽛⬃ ⿓⇓ ☐㾌ㄣ≃ ゛◿᷿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ ⛛ㅟ ⬃㒤ㄣ≃ᱻ ☃⇯Ჯ ㈃ᶫ⍣ 㾌㽛 㒤ㄣ≃ᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ㄫ 㾌㽛 ῷᱻ ᷀㒤ㄣ≃ ᷀ ᳧⍀❼ ◶ ᳧⍀⪓ㄫ 㾌㽛 ゛◿᷿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ ⛛ㅟ 㩓᠗ᗧ ⽤ᗫ ㅷⅧ ㋧⬘⾛ịㄧ ᳧⍀❼ㄣ≃ ㅛ᷀㼿⿓ ᙗ᠗⬃ ⬘⾛ᗧ ḃ ⎓ᛇ ⎯㡏 ⬘⾛ᗧ ᷿ ᴻ ᠱㄧ ⯿⿔ㄣ≃ 㽰㼿⿓ Ⰳ䀿ㄫ ⳃ ⳃㅸ㽃 ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ᱻ ⯿⑬ㅛ ⾛⬃ ᬫᠳ㎧ ⪛ ⽤ ᬫㅛ ᷿ ⬘⾛ᗧ ḃ ㅛ ⾛㉬ㄧ ᳧㿼 ⾛㉬ㄣ≃⬃ ㅛ FP⾷ ㋸↰ NJᠳ㎧ ㅷⅧ
☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ 28
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
㼿㎧⎳ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ᗧ ⏋ᬫ ⪗Ⅷㄫ 㼿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ ⿓ᚏ㎧㎧ᱻ ⼱ᱻ ㅛᱻ ᴻỿ ⬘ㆌᛣ 㽏ᢿ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ 䁴⾷ ⏋ 㟏⽤㼿ᙳ ⎳ệ
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔
㩓⎛ㄧ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ⎵ㄧ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷịㄿ ㋣ほ ␠ㅛᗧ ᷿ᱻ ㉬ㅛ ␠ㅛ⪓ⲓㄿ 㼫⯿ ᝓ⬘ほ⭳ㅛ 㩓⎓ⲋ㪯㩓⎛ㄧ ᳧⍀❼ ル ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ⽼ㄧ ⯿⿔⾷⬃ ☃ᚓ᷿ Ⳅ┣⬘ 㻳ⅸ㩓㮋ㄫ ␠ᛇ ⪗ 㩓⎛ㄿ ῷ ⍟ ㉬ㅟ ㄇ㳳ⳃ⼫ 㲟⎓⼫㣏⪓ (XSKDXVLD WULDFDQWKD ᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ ❨❧ㄿ ᴻ 㘏ᛇ ᴻ ᠱㄧ ⯿⿔⾷⬃ ☃ᚓḃ ០㩓⎛ㄧ ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ ㋣⚧⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ ㋣⚧ ◶ ㋣⪨㽛❫ㄿ ◻ᡌ ❧❫⾷⬃ ᳧↰ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᱻ ᙪㄣ≃ ᠗≄᷿⾯ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ ᗧㆌ ᶬ㲠㽃 ㇷ ㋸ 㼿᩿ᱻ ᳧㿼 ⾛⌿ ㉗⌿ ┣ᘃ ᛇⅿ Ộㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ 〫⚤㼿ᛇ ⭷⪨᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷ ⋠ㅛ ⬃Ⳅ㼿ᛇ ㅯᱻ ㇷㅛ ≃ⲋ 㽛ᱻ ㎧ᝓ ⪨⾷⬃ ㅟᗫ⾷ ㄿ㽃 㾌ㅛ ᗧㆌ ㄧ 㽛⽸ ㎧⿔ㅛ᠗ ἳ┟⾷ ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌 ◶ 㽛⽸ ⫄┣ㄿ ㎫䀻⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ⪨᳧ㅟ ◟Ⅷ ⪨㫃ㄿ ᳧ៃ⒏ ⫄㫃ᚫ ᛣㇼㄫ ᝓ㼿ᱻ ᝓㅷị⾷ᙳ ㅷ ⳋ㾿ⳋㅛ ᷿⾛㋫ ⯿ ㅯ ㅛ ᝓ⍣ 㮜㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫ ᠗ ◶ ㅟᗫ⾷ ㄿ㽃 㾌ㄫ 㝃⭳䀻㼿ᱻ ☐♼⾷ ᳧㽃 ㅟᗫㄿ ㎧Ⳅㄫ 㩓ᙳ ㎄㎫㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔ㄫ ル㽛⬃ ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᗧ ㈃⼯㼿ᱻ ◻ᱻ ㄣ≃ Southern albatross. Image by John B. Weller.
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
⛛䀟᷿ᱻ ⽤ ⎳NP ㄿ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ⬋ㇼㅛ ㅛᙪㄧ ≃ⲋ 㽛
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
29
㎧⿔ㄿ 䀿ᚤ ㋸ほ⬘⾷ ㋣⼯ㇷㄫ ḷᛇ ㎧᪃
០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㈃⼯ㄧ 㶔ឫ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ ハᵟ㽛㹃 Ộᛣ ᘀㄧ ⪨ル ⽸ ᚫㄿ
ᬫ⿓⾷ ᙟ㚷 ㅛ⋏⾛㎫ ᛣ㽀ㅷ ㇼ❧ ◶
᷀┣ㅛ ịㄿ ∧ Ⰳ䀿ㄫ ⎯㠿᠗ ル㽛⬃ᱻ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ᛣ ᳧⍀⪓ 㚛⍣ 㼫ほ≃
⠫ㇼ❧᠗ᝓ 1*2 ịㄿ ᝓ ⬘ᛣ⾷ ᠗㛯⍣
㽃ᱻ ㇷㄫ ㅟㇼ㽃 㿫㆓ㄿ ⳃ᩿⎓》⾷ ᳧㽃 ⎓ㄿ ❫⬄ ᚗᛣᱻ ᱛ㎯Ↄể〧 ◟ㅛ ㈃⼯㽃
ḻ ㇼ᳠㽃 ㈃⼯ㅛ ⿓⑬ㄿ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄿ ᗧㆌ ㉲ㄧ ㇷịㄫ ㎸⽤㼿 ㋸ほ㼿ᛇᶫ ᶬ㲠㼿 ⭳㋸㽃 ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣
䀿ᚤ ◶ ᛣ㽀 㘏シㄿ ㋸ほ⬘ ἳ┟⾷
⛛䀟㽇 ⯿ ㅯᱻ 㮜㽐ㅛᛇ ᛸ♻ル㼿 㽃㠜 ᘃ⬇ḃ ㈃⼯ㅛ ḇ ⯿ ㅯᱻ ㇷㅛ
᳧⍀⪓ᛣ ᳧⍀❼ 㚛ᗧ 㷓㽏ḃ ≃ⲋ 㽛ㄿ 㼫⯿ ⬃Ⳅ㎧⍣ ⛛䀟㽛⽣ 㽃ᱻ ほᝓ⍣ ㎧㎧㽯 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ ル㽃 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ㄿ ㈃⼯ㄧ ᳧ៃ⒏ ⫄㫃ᚫ ᛣㇼㄿ 㜄㚛 ⛛䀟⍣ 㝻ᝓ㽃 ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ ㄳ ⪓㽔ㅛ 㷓㽏ḃ ≃ⲋ 㽛 䀿⌿〧 ᛧ∏ḃ ⫄┣㽀 ⽸⬘ ◶ ⫄㫃㽀 ᛣㇼㄿ ⛛䀟 ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔ㄿ 㝃⪨ル 㷓Ⳅㅷㅟ ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ⫄䁃⪓ ᚫ⾷ 㼫⯿ㅟ 㽛⿔ịㄿ ⛛䀟 ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗ㄿ ⪰ㅛㆌ ◶ ⪗Ⅷ㎧ᗧ 㷓㽏ḃ 㫃㶰⽸ ០ 㽛∠ㄿ 㽛⪗ 㽛⪗⏌ ㋣⪨㽛❫ Ộㄫ 㷓㽏㼿ᱻ ㋸ほ㽃 ㎧㿼 㲠⬘ ◶ ᛧ∏ ⫄┣㚛ㄿ ⛛䀟 ⫄㫃ᚫㄿ ᠗ᛣ 㽛⽸ ⪗⬘䀻⍣ ⠫≖㽃 ᠗䂫⚧䀻ㄿ 㾌⾷ ᳧㽃 ᝓ⾷ 㽜ⳓㅟ ᠗㛯ᗧ ᷿ᱻ ㆌ᠗ ᵗㅛ㬗ㄿ ㎧ ⯿㎸ᛣ 䀼᳧⍣ ゐㅛ㼿ᙳ 㼿ᱻ ᛸ♻ル㽃 ⛛䀟
Minke whale. Image by John B. Weller.
≃ⲋ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ ◶ ᳧⍀⪓ ☃⇯Ჯ ᶫ 㫃㶰⽸ ០ 㽛∠ ◶ ⲋ㥎 㽛⪗ Ộᛣ ᘀㄧ ⫄┣㽀 ⽸⬘ ㋸ⳓ㎧ㄿ
⼫┟㈇ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛
⛛䀟 㼫⯿ ᠗䂫 ㋧ᙗ ㎧⿔ ◶ ⾣ㄳ ㄿ㉛ ⫄┣ ㉬ㄿ ᠗䂫㼣᪃㎧⿔ㄣ≃ⵏ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ㎧⿔ㄿ ⛛䀟
ㇸ៣㼿᠗ᗧ ❯ᗧ㼿ᛇ ⳇ⠫≔㎧⎳ ⇣⾷ᶫ
㽃ㄧ ០㽛 ㎧⿔ㄿ ㋣ほ ⾛⾬ ㋸
❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ ⼫┟㈇ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛ᱻ
㼿᩿ㅛ ≃ⲋ 㽛⾷⬃ᱻ ᗧㆌ 䁃☃㼿ᙳ
⚧䀻ᗧ 㲠㎼ㅛ 㿫㆓ ㅛị 㽛⿔ㄧ ᶫㅟ
⾛⾬ㄫ 㼿ᱻ ḷ ᩿Ⅳ ㋸ 㼿᩿ Ⅳ⬃
㽛⡀ ⪨㫃〧 ᝓ⬇◼ㄫ ル㽃 㽔ᝓᠳ㎧ㄿ ␣
⼫㎨ᶫ ᶬ㲠㽃 シⅿ ⒏Ⲝ᳧≃ ♯⬘㼿ᛇ
ᙗ⎓ ἳ┟⾷ ០㽛⾷⬃ ᗧㆌ 㪷⪓᷿㎧ ⼱ㄧ
ㅯᱻ ㅛ ⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ⛛䀟㼿᠗ ル㽛 &&$0/5
㎧⿔ㅛ 㽃㶟 ᠗』ㄿ 』᪃䀻≃ ㅟ㽛 ⪨䁐ㅛ
ㅛ ០ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⍣ ⬋ㇼ㼿ᱻ ᵗ 㽃ㄿ 䀿ᚤ⛛ ⎓ᴻⳔㅛ ᤔ 㼫ほ㼿 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᱻ ០㽛〧 ᛚㄿ ⎵ㄧ ⫄┣ㄫ ル㽃 ㆌ᠗ ⛛䀟 㲠䅯 ០㽛⛛㉛᳧ᗧ ㈃⼯㽃 ㅟ ⛛䀟⍣
⪨᳠䅯 ⚧㼿᠗ ⳃㅸ㽯 ❯⼯ㇼ㽃 ⬃០ ⡀⪨⾷ ㅟㇸ㽃 ㅛ ḷ 㽛⿔ㄧ ㇷ㎄㼿ᱻ ⡀㼿ㄿ ㄜ㽛⍣ 㲠䅯 ⼫┟㈇ 㽛ㄿ 㳳ㅟ ⬓ ⡀㼿≃❧㬗 ᚑ⾛〻 ☐ 㘏シ⾷⬃ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ᛣ㽀ㅷịㅛ ⬃០ㄿ ᠗』ㅛ ⪨Ⲡ㼿⬃ ☃⫄㼿ᱻ ⚧䀻 ⎓ᛇ ⽅ㄣ≃ᶫ ☃⫄㽇 ⪨䀟 ᛧ∏ḃ ⚧䀻⍣ ㅛ㽛㽇 ⯿ ㅯᙳ 㽛㋫ ᙪㅛ
☂ᱻ ⎳NP ㄿ ≃ⲋ 㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄫ
ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ⫄┣⽸⬘⾷ ᳧㼿⿓ ⼳∋㎫ ㇼ⛛ᗧ ᙗㄿ ⾭㎧⎳ 㝃៣ㄿ 㽛 ⬃ ㉗⪓⍣ 㮜㽛
⛛ㆌ㼿᠗ ル㽃 ᳧ៃ⒏ 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶
⼫┟㈇ 㽛⾷ ㅯᱻ Ộᗨ⌿ ᗸᗨ⌿ㄿ ᗧ 〫䅯 ⪯≃゛ ㉬ㅛⅣᱻ ⪓ⳋㅛ ☃ᚓ᷿⾯
⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㩓コ㩓ㄿ ㎧シㄫ ル㽛⬃ 㽃
⼫┟㈇ 㽛⾷⬃ ᛧ㘗᷿ᱻ ㋣ほ 㽛⽸ ㉗⌿≃ᱻ 䁐㈃㶔ឫ ⼫ᵟ⎓㶔ឫ 䅗◻㈃⠫ ㅣ❧
ㇼ❧〧 㿸∌㼿᠗⍣ 䅓⏄㽃
០◻㈃⠫ 㹟⍟◻㈃⠫ ០ᛇⅿ⪯ Ộㅛ ㅯ ᛇⅿ ᝓ⾷ ⍛ ♻ᛇⅿ〧 ◴㩓ᛇⅿᗧ ᗧㆌ 䄻㽃 ᛇⅿ㉬ㅛ
30
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
㋣≃ ⾣⾛➀ㄧ 䀿ᚤ ἳ┟⾷ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄿ ⪨⾬ ᘃ㚀ㅛ ☐㎧᷿⾯ ⼫┟㈇ 㽛ㄿ ᳧❧❫ㄧ 㿫㆓ ⾛⾬ㅛ ㎧ḃ ᝓ⿔ ⼯⾷ ル㠿㼿ᛇ ㅯ㎧⎳ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛ㄿ ㅸㄧ ㅣ❧❫ㅛ 㩓⎛ ⾛⾬ᝓ⿔ ⾷ ル㠿㼿ᛇ ㅯ ⾣ㄳ ⪨㫃ᗧ ⚧㼿⬃ ㅛ ㎧⿔ị 㲠䅯 㩓⎛ㅛ 㹴❧㽃 ᝓ⿔ịㅛ ᘃ㚀⾷ ᴻ ◣ᗷ㽛 ㎯ ⯿ ㅯ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛 ᳧⍀❼ ᝓ⿔ 㝃៣ ㄧ ⡀❼ㅛ ❼ḇ ᚤ⾷ ᳧⠫㼿ᱻ 㘏シ⾷⬃ ⼫┟㈇ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⡀❼ ⼫ⅿㄿ ⒏ệ 㽛⽸ ᝓ⿔ㄫ ⾛ᝓ⿔ㄣ≃ ㎧ㇼ㽛⽣ 㽃ᛇ ㈃⼯㽯 ㄧ ㅟ៣ ῷᱻ ⳓ㎧⾛ ㎧⎓ㄣ≃ ⎓ ᾏ⾛㎫ ᝓ⿔⾷⬃ 』 たⅿ㉬⾷ ㄿ㽃 ㅛ ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⬃Ⳅ㎧䀻 ᗧ⬘ㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ⽸㽃 ⚧䀻ᗧ ⡀❼ㄿ ❼≃❧㬗 ☃⫄㽇 ᙪㅛⅣᱻ ㇷ⾷ ㋣⒐㽯 ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷ ⍟ ㅟᗫㄿ 䁃᷀ㅛ ⾭ ᛣ㽀ㅷịㄧ ㅛ⇓㽃 ⚧䀻ịㄫ ᴻ ㅿ ㅛ㽛㽇 ᙪㅛ &&$0/5⾷ ㄿ㽛 ⼫┟㈇ 㽛⾷ ㎧ㇼḃ ᠗㉛ㄿ 㟏⽤ 㽛⽸⫄㫃ᚫ⍣ ⼫⍛ᱻ 㽛⽸ ⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ㄧ ⛛䀟⍣ ᗼ䀻ⳃ㪓 ᙪㅛ ០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓ㄿ ㅣ❧≃ ㅛ ㎧⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ᳧ៃ⒏ㄿ ㅟᗫ 䁃᷀ㅛ ㅯ᠗ ㅛ⾷ ㅛ ᝓ⿔ㄿ ⫄㫃ᚫ⾷ ᳧㽃 㞐❫㽃 ᝓ⍣ ⛛ㆌ㽇 ᙪㅛ
Starfish. Image by John B. Weller.
⼫┟㈇ ◶ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛 ㎧⿔
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
31
㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ ⬓ 㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ ⬓ㄧ ០᳧⍀ㄿ 㽛⼯ㄣ≃❧㬗 NP ㎧ㇷㄿ ⚏⎨ⲋ㼿㈇ 㽛⾷ ル㠿㽃 䀻⪗⬓ㅛ
Peter I Island. Image by John B. Weller.
㋣≃ 㜄⡀⾷ ㄿ㽛 ḿ⇓ⳟㅟ ㅛ ⬓ㄧ 㽛⽸㉗⌿ ◶ ┣ᘃㄿ ㅸㄧ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ❧⽸㽃 ㅛ
㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ ⬓ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ㄫ ⛛䀟㼿 ᶬ㲠㽃 ㎧⿔ 㲠⬘⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ
㎧⿔⾷ ᳧㽃 ᛣ㽀 ㉗⪓ᗧ ❧㉘㼿⿓ ㅛ ⬓ ㋣⚧ㄿ ⯿⿔⾷ ᳧㼿⿓
⯿⎵ㄧ ⬃⫄┣ ◶ ᳧⽸⫄┣ㅛ ⛛䀟᷿ᛇ ០㽛 ⾛ᝓ⿔ ◶
⎓ᗧ ⼫ᱻ ᙪㄧ ᙗㄿ ⾭㎧⎳ 㽛⪗ ⬓ ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ ᶬ㲠㽃 ᳧⽸
㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓⾷ᶫ ᠗⿓㽇 ᙪㅛ ⚏㎧㡛 %HOJLFD ◶
䀿ᚤㄫ 㷓㽏㼿⿓ ᶬ㲠㽃 ⫄㫃 ㎧㿼ㅛ ㅯㄫ ᙪㄣ≃ ⛛ㅟ 㵿㬳⍛
⇯㤻ㅟ㲟 /HFRLQWH ᠗ほ 㶰ㇼ㽛⪗ ᱻ ᶬ㲠㽃 ㉬ㄿ ᘃ㚛ㄫ ❧⽸㽇
⬟ ⬓ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔⾷⬃ 㹃⛟ㄫ 㘫㟏㽃 ⑮ ⼯ ᷿ᱻ ᝓ 㪷㾿ㄣ≃ ㋣⒐㽇
ᗧ⬘ㅛ ㅯᱻ ០䅯 䅓ឧ㽃 ㎧㿼ㅛ ⽼ㄧ 㽛⪗ㄿ ㎧⎓ ❫㷓ᗧ ០䅯
⎳㽃 ┛㚀㝻᷀┣ ⽸⬘ᛣ ┣ᛇ᠗ ᾣㄿ ㉛㆓ᗧ ☄㿧㈳ ᭟⍛ハㅛᗧ
㈃㽃᷿⾛ ㅯᱻ ᙪㄧ ㅟ ⛛䀟ᗧ 㼫ほ㽏ㄫ ⳃ⪓㽃 㵿㬳⍛ ⬟
ㄇᝳㄫ ㋣ㆌ㼿ᛇ ㅯ⾛⬃ ㅛ ⬓ㄧ ⛛䀟᷿ᛇ ㅯ㎧⎳ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ㄧ
⬓ㄿ ០ 㠈ㄣ≃❧㬗 ル iㄿ &&$0/5 ᛧ㽇ᝓ⿔ ᗧㆌㅷ⎓ᠳ㎧
⛛䀟᷿㎧ ⼱ᛇ ㅯ ⼫㎨ ⎵ㅛ ⼳∋㎧㎫ ⼱⼿㎧⎳ ㅛ ㎧⿔⾷ᱻ
⛛䀟⍣ 䀼᳧㼿 ㅛ ㎧㿼ịㅛ 㷓㽏ḇ ᙪㅛ ῷ㽃 ⿓᠗⾷ᱻ ⼫┟㈇
㽛⽸㉗⌿ ᛇⅿ ┣ᘃ ◶ 㘫⪰᳧ᝓ⡀⾛〧 ០ㅛ⡏ᛇ᠗⍣ 㷓㽏㼿⿓
㎧⿔ㄿ 㽛⿔ ㄿ 』᪃㽃 㽛 ⬃Ⳅ㎧ ◶ 㫃㶰⽸ 㽛⿔ㄿ ⫄㫃㎧⿔ịᶫ
⽸㽃 ⾛⌿ᗧ 㩓ᙳ ♯⬘㼿ᛇ ㅯ
㷓㽏ḇ ᙪㅛ Ư ០㽛⛛㉛᳧
㵿㬳⍛ ⬟ ⬓ ㎧⿔
32
០ ㋣⚧ 㽛⿔ ◶ ≃ⲋ 㽛 ⛛䀟⍣ ル㽃 ⠫
០㽛 㽛⽸⛛䀟ᝓ⿔ ◶ ⾛ᝓ⿔ ᬋ㲟コ㩓
㘟ᛇ┟㾳
20.
Smetacek V, R Scharek, and EM Nöthig. 1990. Seasonal and regional variation in the pelagial and its relationship to the life cycle of krill. In Antarctic Ecosystems, Ecological Change and Conservation, KR Kerry and G Hempel, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pp 103-114.
21.
Forcada J, PN Trathan, PL Boveng, JL Boyd, JM Burns, DP Costa, M Fedak, TL Rogers, and CJ Southwell. In Press. Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and increasing krill fishing. Biological Conservation.
22.
Stammerjohn et al. 2008.
23.
Arrigo KR and GL van Djiken. 2003. Phytoplankton dynamics within 37 Antarctic coastal polynya systems. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(C8): 3271.
24.
Penguin Science. 2012. Antarctic penguins: Bellwethers of environmental change. Accessed on April 29 2012 from http://www.penguinscience.com/ clim_change.php.
1.
Antarctic Ocean Alliance. 2012. Antarctic Ocean Legacy – A Marine Reserve for the Ross Sea.
2.
IUCN. 2003. World Parks Congress Recommendation 22: Building a global system of marine and coastal protected area networks.
3.
Constable AJ, B Raymond, S Doust, D Welsford, P Koubbi, and AL Post. 2011. Identifying marine protected areas (MPAs) in data-poor regions to conserve biodiversity and to monitor ecosystem change: an Antarctic case study. WS-MPA-11/5. Hobart: CCAMLR; Douglass LL, D Beaver, J Turner and R Nicoll. 2011. An identification of areas within the high seas of the Southern Ocean that would contribute to a representative system of marine protected areas. Submitted to the CCAMLR Marine Protected Area workshop held in Brest, France in 2011. Document number: WSMPA-11/16; Douglass LL, J Turner, HS Grantham, S Kaiser, R Nicoll, A Post, A Brandt, and D Beaver. In press. A hierarchical classifcation of benthic biodiversity and assessment of protected areas in the Southern Ocean. PLoS One; Lombard AT, B Reyers, LY Schonegevel, J Cooper, LB Smith-Adao, DC Nel, PW Froneman, IJ Ansorge, MN Bester, CA Tosh, T Strauss, T Akkers, O Gon, RW Leslie, and SL Chown. 2007. Conserving pattern and process in the Southern Ocean: designing a Marine Protected Area for the Prince Edward Islands. Antarctic Science 19(1): 39-54; Antarctic Ocean Alliance 2012.
25.
Orr J, VJ Fabry, O Aumont, L Bopp, SC Doney, RA Feely, A Gnanadesikan, N Gruber, A Ishida, RM Key, K Lindsay, E Maier-Reimer, R Matear, P Monfray, A Mouchet, RG Najjar, GK Plattner, KB Rodgers, CL Sabine, JL Sarmiento, R Schlitzer, RD Slater, IJ Totterdell, MF Weirig, Y Yamanaka, and A Yool. 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impacts on calcifying organisms. Nature 437: 681-686.
26.
Ibid.
CCAMLR 1980.
27.
Ibid.
5.
Australian Antarctic Division. 2012. Crabeater seals. Accessed on April 29 2012 from http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/wildlife/animals/ seals-and-sea-lions/crabeater-seals.
28.
6.
Halpern BS, S Walbridge, K Selkoe, CV Kappel, F Micheli, C D’Agrosa, JF Bruno, KS Casey, C Ebert, HE Fox, R Fujita, D Heinemann, HS Lenihan, EMP Madin, MT Perry, ER Selig, M Spalding, R Steneck, and R Watson. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319(5865): 948-952.
Marschoff ER, ER Barrera-Oro, NS Alescio and DG Ainley. 2012. Slow recovery of previously depleted demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands, 1983-2010. Fisheries Research 125-126: 206-213; Croxall JP and S Nicol. 2004. Management of Southern Ocean Fisheries: global forces and future sustainability. Antarctic Science 16(4): 569-584.
29.
Kock KH, K Reid, J Croxall, and S Nicol. 2007. Fisheries in the Southern Ocean: An ecosystem approach. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society 362: 2333-2349.
4.
7.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York: Cambridge University Press.
30.
CCAMLR. 1980. Text of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. See Article II.
31.
Kock et al. 2007.
8.
Stammerjohn SE, DG Martinson, RC Smith, X Yuan, and D Rind. 2008. Trends in Antarctic annual sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to El Nino–Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode variability. Journal of Geophysical Research 113: C03S90; Meredith MP and JC King. 2005. Rapid climate change in the ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century. Geophysical Research Letters 32: L19604.
32.
CCAMLR. 2002. Statistical Bulletin 14 (1992-2001). Hobart: CCAMLR. CCAMLR. 2011. CCAMLR Statistical Bulletin 23 (2001-2010). Hobart: CCAMLR.
33.
Nicol S, J Foster, and S Kawaguchi. 2012. The fishery for Antarctic krill – recent developments. Fish and Fisheries 13: 30-40.
34.
Turner J, SR Colwell, GJ Marshall, TA Lachlan-Cope, AM Carleton, PD Jones, V Lagun, PA Reid, and S Iagovkina. 2005. Antarctic climate change during the last 50 years. International Journal of Climatology (25): 279-294.
Kock KH. 2000. Understanding CCAMLR’s Approach to Management. Hobart: CCAMLR.
35.
Kock et al. 2007.
36.
Croxall and Nicol 2004.
10.
Stammerjohn et al. 2008.
37.
Marschoff et al. 2012.
11.
Thompson DWJ, S Solomon, PJ Kushner, MH England, KM Grise, and DJ Karoly. 2011. Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change. Nature Geoscience 4: 741-749.
38.
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