Planet palm oil by GRAIN.org

Acknowledgments

Introduction

PART I. THE GLOBAL EXPANSION OF OIL PALM PLANTATIONS

Cheap oil

Cash crop

A scramble for lands

Communities lose out to oil palm plantations

New frontiers for oil palm expansion

PART II. ANOTHER SIDE OF PALM OIL, IN AFRICA

A long history and vast biodiversity

Oil palm production in West and Central Africa

The global land grab for oil palm plantations hits Africa

Well oiled resistance

Annex 1 : land grabs for oil palm plantations

Annex 2: land grabs for oil palm plantations in the Papuas of Indonesia and New Guinea

80 85

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Planet palm oil 3

PART 1

CHAPTER 1

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I6G>;;H DC E6AB D>A ;AJ8IJ6I>C< 6GDJC9 O:GD %C9>6 >H I=: LDGA9ZH A6G<:HI >BEDGI:G 6C9 8DCHJB:G D; E6AB D>A (% ()'( #.12 .& #(%!/ /!+, .)+ &.0 -$)!:1 #.#.-32 &!0,%01 Shanmugam is a coconut farmer in Talavady, Tamil Nadu. The flood of imported palm oil into India has driven down the price for coconut paid to Shanmugam and other farmers, deeply affecting their livelihoods. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Farmers are drowning in debt, and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re trying to survive in anyway we can,â&#x20AC;? says Shanmugam. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The coconut price is only 4-5 Rs per nut, which is what it was 20 years ago, and we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t even afford to harvest or remove the coconut trees now to change to other crops because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s too costly.â&#x20AC;? This year Shanmugam is selling his 7 hectare coconut farm to pay off a portion of his debt.

=>C6ZH ;DAADL:9 6 H>B>A6G E6I= %BEDGIH D; D>A E6AB =DK:G:9 6GDJC9 B>AA>DC IDCC:H E:G N:6G JCI>A =>C6 B69: H><C>;>86CI 8JIH ID >BEDGI G:HIG>8I>DCH >C 6H E6GI D; >IH 30+ :CIGN D7A><6I>DCH %BEDGIH 76AADDC:9 G:68=>C< B>AA>DC IDCC:H E:G N:6G 7N 0=6I N:6G =>C6 7:<6C >BEA:B:CI6I>DC D; 6 ;G:: IG69: 6<G::B:CI L>I= I=: HHD8>6I>DC D; /DJI=:6HI H>6C *6I>DCH L=>8= I=: )6A6NH>6C D>A E6AB >C9JHIGN 8G:9>IH L>I= 6 ;JGI=:G >C8G:6H: >C D>A E6AB >BEDGIH 7:IL::C 0=: LDGA9ZH ;DJGI= A6G<:HI >BEDGI B6G@:I ;DG E6AB D>A ,6@>HI6C >H 6AHD 6 EGD9J8I D; ;G:: IG69: 0=: )6A6NH>6C E6AB D>A >C9JHIGN H6NH I=: )6A6NH>6 ,6@>HI6C ;G:: IG69: 6<G::B:CI >H G:HEDCH>7A: ;DG 9DJ7A>C< ,6@>HI6CZH E6AB D>A >BEDGIH 7:IL::C =>C6 %C9>6 6C9 ,6@>HI6C L:G: B6G<>C6A 8DCHJB:GH D; E6AB D>A ILD 9:869:H 6<D 0D96N I=:N 688DJCI ;DG DK:G D; IDI6A <AD76A >BEDGIH 6C9 6 I=>G9 D; <AD76A 8DCHJBEI>DC 0G69: EDA>8>:H 6G: CDI I=: DCAN ;68IDG =DL:K:G 0=: HJG<: >C E6AB D>A >BEDGIH >C %C9>6 6C9 =>C6 6C9 >C B6CN DI=:G 8DJCIG>:H >C I=: /DJI= HJ8= 6H 2:C:OJ:A6 6C9 6C<A69:H= 6AHD 8DGG:A6I:H L>I= B6?DG IG6CH;DGB6I>DCH ID I=:>G ;DD9 HNHI:BH #AD76A ;DD9 8DGEDG6I>DCH G:HI6JG6CI 8=6>CH 6C9 HJE:GB6G@:IH 6G: :ME6C9>C< G6E>9AN >C I=: /DJI= 6C9 I=>H >H >C8G:6H>C< I=: 8DCHJBEI>DC D; EGD8:HH:9 ;DD9H CCJ6A H6A:H <GDLI= D; EGD8:HH:9 ;DD9H >H 6GDJC9 >C ADL 6C9 B>99A: >C8DB: 8DJCIG>:H 6H DEEDH:9 ID DCAN >C =><= >C8DB: 8DJCIG>:H ;H6G &6;G> 0G69: (>7:G6A>H6I>DC H %BE68I DC !9>7A: +>A /:8IDG >C %C9>6 "D8JH DC I=: #AD76A /DJI= &JAN * 6AJ 6C9 *6OA>C %HB6>A "G:: 0G69: <G::B:CI X0=: 36N "DGL6G9 ;DG I=: )6A6NH>6C ,6AB +>A %C9JHIGN +>A ,6AB %C9JHIGN !8DCDB>8 &DJGC6A * 6AJ 6C9 *6OA>C %HB6>A "G:: 0G69: <G::B:CI X0=: 36N "DGL6G9 ;DG I=: )6A6NH>6C ,6AB +>A %C9JHIGN +>A ,6AB %C9JHIGN !8DCDB>8 &DJGC6A (>E>9 (>7G6GN DG>CC6 $6L@:H #AD76A>O6I>DC 6C9 I=: *JIG>I>DC 0G6CH>I>DC 6H: /IJ9N >C ,:G ,>CHIGJE

C9:GH:C 6C9 "JO=> =:C< :9>IDGH "DD9 ,DA>8N ;DG :K:ADE>C< DJCIG>:H 6H: /IJ9>:H

Planet palm oil 7

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

.6>C;DG:HI 8I>DC *:ILDG@ DC;A>8I E6AB D>A /:EI:B7:G >C:H= /=6GB6 .>H: >C D>A 8DCHJBEI>DC 7N %C9>6CH H:IH D;; 6A6GB %C9>6 0D96N EG>A " +/0 0 DG>CC6 $6L@:H #AD76A>O6I>DC 6C9 I=: *JIG>I>DC 0G6CH>I>DC 6H: /IJ9N >C ,:G ,>CHIGJE

C9:GH:C 6C9 "JO=> =:C< :9>IDGH "DD9 ,DA>8N ;DG :K:ADE>C< DJCIG>:H 6H: /IJ9>:H " +/0 0 .6>C;DG:HI 8I>DC *:ILDG@ DC;A>8I E6AB D>A /:EI:B7:G #. %* (6C9 <G677>C< ;DG 7>D;J:AH BJHI HIDE ":7GJ6GN

Planet palm oil 9

CHAPTER 2

(% !+!71)!- 12!2% .5-%$ #.,/!-7 %+$! 0!)1%$ ")++).- &0., ! 12.#* .&&%0)-' 5()#( )2 (!1 "%%31)-' 2. "37 3/ +!-$1 &.0 .)+ /!+, !-$ 03""%0 /+!-2!2).-1 (.2.

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

Planet palm oil 11

(>7:G>6C I>B7:G >C I=:N B69: I=: HI6GIA>C< 9>H8DK:GN I=6I I=: )6A6NH>6C AD<<>C< 8DBE6CN /6BA>C< =69 I6@:C 8DCIGDA D; 6GDJC9 D; (>7:G>6ZH IDI6A A6C9 6G:6 /6BA>C< A>C@:9 8DBE6C>:H =69 68FJ>G:9 E:GB>IH 8DK:G>C< @B

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Planet palm oil 13

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CHAPTER 3

)+ /!+, 1%%$+)-'1 )- !+!71)! (.2. ./()% -7#(

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Planet palm oil 15

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Planet palm oil 17

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he case of Liberian Forest Products Inc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Planet palm oil 19

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Planet palm oil 21

CHAPTER 4

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(D86A 8DBBJC>I>:H 86C DCAN ADH: ;GDB I=>H C:L L6K: D; A6C9 <G67H ;DG E6AB D>A 0=:N ADH: 688:HH ID K>I6A A6C9H 6C9 L6I:G G:HDJG8:H CDL 6C9 ;DG ;JIJG: <:C:G6I>DCH C9 I=:N =6K: ID ;68: 6AA D; I=: >BE68IH I=6I 8DB: L>I= K6HI BDCD8JAIJG: EA6CI6I>DCH L>I=>C I=:>G I:GG>IDG>:HX EDAAJI>DC ;GDB E:HI>8>9:H HD>A :GDH>DC 9:;DG:HI6I>DC 6C9 A67DJG B><G6I>DC !ME:G>:C8: 6AHD H=DLH I=6I I=: :BEADNB:CI <:C:G6I:9 7N I=: EA6CI6I>DCH D;I:C <D:H ID DJIH>9:GH 6C9 I=6I BDHI D; I=: ?D7H 6G: H:6HDC6A EDDGAN E6>9 6C9 96C<:GDJH :GI>;>86I>DC H8=:B:H HJ8= 6H I=: .DJC9I67A: DC /JHI6>C67A: ,6AB +>A ./,+ 86C DCAN 6AA:K>6I: DG EDHIEDC: HDB: D; I=: LDGHI :M8:HH:H /:: 7:ADL Why the RSPO facilitates land grabs for palm oil 22

!ME:G>:C8: 6AHD H=DLH I=6I I=: DJI<GDL:G H8=:B:H @CDLC 6H EA6HB6 EGD<G6BB:H >C %C9DC:H>6 DG CJ8A:JH :HI6I:H >C ;G>86 6G: CDI HDAJI>DCH %I =6H 7:8DB: HI6C96G9 EG68I>8: ;DG 8DBE6C>:H ID D;;:G ID 9:K:ADE DJI<GDL:G H8=:B:H DC 6 EDGI>DC D; I=: A6C9H L>I=>C I=:>G 8DC8:HH>DCH 6H E6GI D; I=:>G 6<G::B:CIH L>I= =DHI <DK:GCB:CIH 0=: ;6GB:GH >CKDAK:9 >C I=:H: H8=:B:H =6K: A>IIA: 8DCIGDA DK:G EGD9J8I>DC DG I=: I:GBH D; E6NB:CI L=>8= 6G: 9>8I6I:9 7N I=: 8DBE6CN A:6K>C< I=:B KJAC:G67A: ID 6AA HDGIH D; 67JH:H )DG: I=6C 6CNI=>C< I=: DJI<GDL:G H8=:B:H 6G: 6 B:6CH ;DG I=: 8DBE6C>:H ID 86EIJG: HJEEAN 6C9 EA686I: I=: AD86A E:DEA: L=D 6G: JAI>B6I:AN 7:>C< ;DG8:9 ID <>K: JE 8DCIGDA DK:G I=:>G I:GG>IDG>:H 0=>H >H CDI ID H6N I=6I HB6AA H86A: E6AB D>A EGD9J8I>DC 86CCDI HJEEDGI E:DEA:ZH A>K:A>=DD9H 0=:G: 6G: :M8:AA:CI :M6BEA:H ;GDB $DC9JG6H 6C9 3:HI 6C9 :CIG6A ;G>86 L=:G: HB6AA D>A E6AB ;6GB:GH =6K: 9:K:ADE:9 B6G@:IH DG DG<6C>H:9 8DDE:G6I>K:H I=6I EGDK>9: I=:B L>I= 6 9:8:CI EG>8: ;DG I=:>G EGD9J8I>DC JI >C I=:H: 86H:H I=: ;6GB:GH =6K: 8DCIGDA DK:G I=:>G A6C9H 6C9 I=:>G ;6GBH 6C9 I=:N 6G: CDI 6I I=: B:G8N D; 6 H>C<A: ;DG:><C DG C6I>DC6A 8DBE6CN ;DG I=: H6A: D; I=:>G EGD9J8IH 0=: 8JGG:CI L6K: D; EA6CI6I>DCH >H 6 9>G:8I I=G:6I ID I=:H: ;6GB:GHX I6@>C< 6L6N I=:>G A6C9H 6C9 I=:>G AD86A B6G@:IH 0=:G: >H CD 9:B6C9 ?JHI>;>86I>DC ;DG I=: :ME6CH>DC D; D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH :>I=:G 0=: <GDL>C< <AD76A B6G@:I ;DG E6AB D>A >H CDI 67DJI G:HDAK>C< LDGA9 =JC<:G %I >H B6>CAN 6 EGD9J8I D; C:L 7>D;J:A B6C96I:H 6C9 I=: HJ7HI>IJI>DC D; 8=:6E >BEDGI:9 E6AB D>A ;DG AD86AAN EGD9J8:9 D>AH 6C9 ;6IH L=:I=:G 6C>B6A DG K:<:I67A: >C I=: EGD9J8I>DC D; EGD8:HH:9 ;DD9H 7N <AD76A 8DGEDG6I>DCH ,:DEA: 9D CDI C::9 BDG: D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH 8DGEDG6I>DCH 9D (7 2(% &!#)+)2!2%1 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 /!+, .)+ Winnie Overbeek is the international coordinator of the World Rainforest Movementâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; an international network with a small secretariat in Uruguay that supports the struggles of communities and indigenous people who depend on tropical forests. He talked to GRAIN about his views on the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. GRAIN: What is the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)? Winnie 0=: ./,+ >H 6C >C>I>6I>K: I=6I L6H ;DJC9:9 >C %I >H 6 E6GIC:GH=>E 7:IL::C I=: E6AB D>A >C9JHIGN 6C9 6 ;:L *#+H X I=: 33" >H 6 K:GN >BEDGI6CI DC: %C BN K>:L NDJ 86C H:: >I 6H 6 G:HEDCH: D; I=: E6AB D>A >C9JHIGN ID I=: 8DC;A>8IH 6C9 I=: :CK>GDCB:CI6A EGD7A:BH

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Planet palm oil 23

:HE:8>6AAN 9:;DG:HI6I>DC 86JH:9 7N I=: K:GN ;6HI :ME6CH>DC D; I=: >C9JHIGN :HE:8>6AAN >C %C9DC:H>6 6C9 )6A6NH>6 DK:G I=: E6HI N:6GH 0=: ./,+ CDL =6H DK:G B:B7:GH 6C9 DCAN D; I=:B 6G: *#+H HD I=: G:B6>C>C< B:B7:GH 6G: 8DBE6C>:H HDB:=DL G:A6I:9 ID I=: D>A E6AB H:8IDG 4DJ =6K: E6AB <GDL:GH NDJ =6K: I=: E6AB D>A EGD8:HHDGH 6C9 IG69:GH NDJ =6K: I=: 8DCHJB:GHZ <DD9H B6CJ;68IJG:GH 6C9 HDB: 76C@H 6C9 >CK:HIDGH C9 >C 6 EGD8:HH I=6I >H K:GN H>B>A6G ID I=: "DG:HI /I:L6G9H=>E DJC8>A 8:GI>;>86I>DC HNHI:B I=: ./,+ 9:A>K:GH 8:GI>;>86I:H ID E6AB D>A EGD9J8:GH 76H:9 DC 6 H:I D; EG>C8>EA:H 6C9 8G>I:G>6 6EEGDK:9 7N ./,+ B:B7:GH 0=: ./,+ HI6I:H DC >IH L:7H>I: I=6I >I =6H 6AG:69N 8:GI>;>:9 67DJI B>AA>DC =:8I6G:H D; D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH 6H YHJHI6>C67A:Z 0=:N 86AA >I [HJHI6>C67A: D>A E6AB EGD9J8I>DC\ L=>8= >H HJEEDH:9 ID G:HI DC A:<6A :8DCDB>86AAN K>67A: :CK>GDCB:CI6AAN 6EEGDEG>6I: 6C9 HD8>6AAN 7:C:;>8>6A B6C6<:B:CI EG68I>8:H GRAIN: In your experience working with communities, has the RSPO been a solution for them? Has it helped to make palm oil sustainable? Winnie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

86C :6H>AN JC9:GHI6C9 I=: 9D8JB:CI6I>DC %I >H BJ8= BDG: 9>;;>8JAI ;DG 8DBBJC>I>:H 0=>H >H 6 7>< 69K6CI6<: ;DG I=: 8DBE6C>:H I=6I 6G: H::@>C< 6 8:GI>;>86I>DC 6C9 D;I:C 6 HDJG8: D; ;GJHIG6I>DC ;DG 8DBBJC>I>:H +C: :M6BEA: >H =DL L>I=>C I=: 8:GI>;>86I>DC EGD8:HH I=:N 9:;>C: ;DG:HIH I=6I H=DJA9 CDI 7::C EA6CI:9 L>I= D>A E6AB 0=:N 86AA I=:B =><= 8DCH:GK6I>DC K6AJ: ;DG:HIH $ 2 6C9 I=:N 6G: 9:I:GB>C:9 7N I=: >9:CI>;>86I>DC D; 6G:6H 7N 8DCHJAI6CIH I=6I 6G: =>G:9 7N I=: 8DBE6CN X CDI 7N I=: 8DBBJC>I>:H )DHI D;I:C 8DBBJC>I>:H 9D CDI JC9:GHI6C9 I=>H 8DC8:EI 7:86JH: ;DG I=:B I=:>G L=DA: I:GG>IDGN D;I:CB69: JE D; 9>;;:G:CI ;DG:HI:9 6G:6H I=6I I=:N JH: ;DG B6CN 9>;;:G:CI I=>C<H A>@: 6<GD;DG:HIGN >H >BEDGI6CI AA I=:H: 9>;;:G:CI ;DG:HI:9 6G:6H 6G: K:GN >BEDGI6CI ;DG 8DBBJC>I>:H 6C9 CDI ?JHI DC: H>C<A: E6GI D; I=>H 6G:6 A>@: I=: ./,+ EGDEDH:H CDI=:G EGD7A:B6I>8 6HE:8I L>I= I=: ./,+ >H I=6I >IZH CDI 6C :;;:8I>K: >CHIGJB:CI ID HDAK: I=: >C8G:6H>C< A6C9 <G677>C< EGD7A:BH >C I=: <AD76A /DJI= I=: EA6CI>C< D; BDG: BDCD8JAIJG:H ;DG :MEDGIH %I 9D:H CDI FJ:HI>DC I=: E6AB D>A >C9JHIGNZH AD<>8 D; :ME6C9>C< EA6CI6I>DCH 6C9 B6G@:IH %; I=>H >H CDI I6@:C >CID 688DJCI =DL 86C I=:G: 7: I6A@ D; [HJHI6>C67A:\ E6AB D>A 6I I=: <AD76A A:K:A I I=: AD86A A:K:A I=:G: 6G: ILD 8=6G68I:G>HI>8H D; EA6CI6I>DCH I=6I 6G: 6AHD CDI 7:>C< FJ:HI>DC:9 7N I=: ./,+ I=:>G A6G<: H86A: 6C9 I=:>G BDCD8JAIJG: EGD9J8I>DC 0=:H: 6G: ILD 6HE:8IH I=6I 6AL6NH =6K: 6 ADI D; HD8>6A :CK>GDCB:CI6A :8DCDB>8 6C9 8JAIJG6A >BE68IH 0=:N G:FJ>G: ADIH D; E:HI>8>9:H 6C9 L6I:G 6C9 I=:N D88JEN 6 ADI D; I:GG>IDGN I=6I BJAI>EA: E:DEA: 6G: A>K>C< DC X 7:86JH: I=:N 6G: BDHI D;I:C H:IIA:9 DC ;:GI>A: A6C9 X HD >I >H K:GN EGD7A:B6I>8 ID 86AA EA6CI6I>DCH I=6I 6G: A6G<: H86A: 6C9 BDCD8JAIJG: [HJHI6>C67A:\ 6C9 ;DG JH >IZH >BEDHH>7A: /D L=:C I=: ./,+ EJIH 6 A67:A DC HJ8= EGD?:8IH 9:8A6G>C< I=:B [HJHI6>C67A:\ I=:N <>K: 6 ;6AH: EGDB>H: ID 8DCHJB:GH I=6I I=: E6AB D>A I=:N 8DCHJB: >H 8DB>C< ;GDB 6 HJHI6>C67A: EA6CI6I>DC I=6I >IZH 7:C:;>I>C< E:DEA: 6C9 7:C:;>I>C< I=: LDGA9 %IZH H>BEAN CDI IGJ: ;>C6A >BEDGI6CI EGD7A:B L>I= I=: ./,+ >H I=6I >I >H 6 B:8=6C>HB A>@: DI=:G C:L IG:C9H A>@: .! I=6I >H 9>K>9>C< JH 6H 6 8>K>A HD8>:IN ;DGB:9 7N 8DBBJC>I>:H HD8>6A BDK:B:CIH 6C9 *#+H :GI>;>86I>DC >H 7:>C< JH:9 6H 6 IDDA ID 6HH>HI 8:GI6>C 8DBBJC>I>:H 6I 8:GI6>C I>B:H L=>A: >C DI=:G 8DJCIG>:H X DG D;I:C >C I=: H6B: 8DJCIGN X I=: H6B: IDDA >H 7:>C< JH:9 ID H>A:C8: DG DK:GEDL:G E:DEA: 6C9 8DCIGDA I=:>G I:GG>IDGN 0=:H: B:8=6C>HBH A>@: 8:GI>;>86I>DCH DG .! EGD?:8IH C::9 I=:G:;DG: ID 7: H::C ID 7: JC9:GHIDD9 >C 6 7GD69:G 8DCI:MI 3: H=DJA9 G:;A:8I DC DJG 8DBB>IB:CI ID HDA>96G>IN L>I= I=DH: L=D 6G: 7:>C< 67JH:9 7N 8:GI>;>86I>DC H8=:B:H 6C9 .! EGD?:8IH 0=>H >H HI>AA % I=>C@ CDI =6EE:C>C< :CDJ<= 6C9 >H K:GN LDGGN>C< /D CDL ;DG :M6BEA: >IZH 6AHD 6 IG:C9 I=6I B:8=6C>HBH A>@: ./,+ 6C9 .! 6G: 8DB>C<

Planet palm oil 25

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Planet palm oil 27

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Planet palm oil 29

CHAPTER 5

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Planet palm oil 31

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Planet palm oil 33

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

7N I=: /676= <DK:GCB:CI L=>A: >C '6A>B6CI6C HI6GI>C< >C I=: H I=: /J=6GID G:<>B: H:CI B>AA>DCH D; ;6B>A>:H ;GDB DI=:G 9:CH:AN EDEJA6I:9 E6GIH D; %C9DC:H>6 ID 8A:6G ;DG:HI A6C9H 6C9 8JAI>K6I: D>A E6AB >C I=: I:GG>IDG>:H D; >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H JC9:G 6 C6I>DC6A A6C9 9>HIG>7JI>DC EGD<G6BB: 0=: 8JGG:CI H:8DC9 L6K: D; D>A E6AB :ME6CH>DC >C DGC:D 8DCI>CJ:H ID I6G<:I I=: 8JHIDB6GN A6C9H D; >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H L=D 688DJCI ;DG 67DJI D; I=: >HA6C9ZH EDEJA6I>DC %C I=:G: L:G: 9D8JB:CI:9 A6C9 8DC;A>8IH 7:IL::C AD86A 8DBBJC>I>:H 6C9 E6AB D>A 8DBE6C>:H >C '6A>B6CI6C 6ADC: L>I= BDG: I=6C D; I=:B >CKDAK>C< >C9><:CDJH 8DBBJC>I>:H /6G6L6@ZH =>:; )>C>HI:G 6IJ@ 06>7 L=D =6H 7::C >C EDL:G ;DG DK:G N:6GH >H E6GI>8JA6GAN 6<<G:HH>K: >C 9:A>K:G>C< I=: A6C9H D; >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H ID EA6CI6I>DC 8DBE6C>:H $: DG8=:HIG6I:9 H:K:G6A 8=6C<:H ID A6C9 A:<>HA6I>DC >C I=: H I=6I :C67A:9 8DBE6C>:H ID 68FJ>G: I=: A6C9H D; >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H 6C9 =: DE:C:9 I=: 9DDG ;DG 8DBE6C>:H ID 7G>C< >C LDG@:GH ;GDB %C9DC:H>6 6C9 E6N I=:B A:HH I=6C I=: B>C>BJB L6<: %C9DC:H>6C B><G6CI LDG@:GH CDL 688DJCI ;DG 67DJI D; I=: A67DJG:GH >C I=: D>A EA6CI6I>DCH D; /6G6L6@ 6C9 >C /676= 1C9:G I=:H: 8DC9>I>DCH D>A E6AB 8JAI>K6I>DC =6H BJH=GDDB:9 ;GDB 6 B:G: =6 >C ID =6 >C C9 >C I=: EGD8:HH 06>7ZH ;6B>AN 6C9 6 HB6AA 8>G8A: D; 7JH>C:HHB:C 6C9 EDA>I>8>6CH 6GDJC9 =>B =6K: JH:9 H:8G:I>K: @>8@768@ H8=:B:H 6C9 H=:AA 8DBE6C>:H ID B6@: =JC9G:9H D; B>AA>DCH D; 9DAA6GH )JAI>C6I>DC6A E6AB D>A 8DBE6C>:H =6K: 7::C 9::EAN >CKDAK:9 >C I=: :ME6CH>DC D; D>A E6AB >C /6G6L6@ 6C9 DI=:G E6GIH D; DGC:D />B: 6G7N =6H DK:G =6 EA6CI:9 L>I= D>A E6AB >C /676= 6C9 /6G6L6@ 6C9 D; I=: EA6CI6I>DCH >I DE:G6I:H >C %C9DC:H>6 6G: >C '6A>B6CI6C 3>AB6G I=: LDGA9ZH A6G<:HI E6AB D>A EGD8:HHDG =6H DK:G =6 D; EA6CI6I>DCH H86II:G:9 68GDHH I=: >HA6C9 !K:C I=: 067JC< $6?> L=>8= B6C6<:H I=: H6K>C<H D; )6A6NH>6CH ;DG I=: E>A<G>B6<: ID )6@@6= DLCH EA6CI6I>DCH >C /6G6L6@ 6C9 /676= I=GDJ<= >IH HJ7H>9>6GN 0$ ,A6CI6I>DCH 6H L:AA 6H =6 >C !6HI 6C9 :CIG6A '6A>B6CI6C I=GDJ<= 6 ?D>CI K:CIJG: L>I= ":A96 #AD76A I=: LDGA9ZH I=>G9 A6G<:HI DLC:G D; D>A E6AB EA6CI:G 0$ ,A6CI6I>DCH =6H 7::C :B7GD>A:9 >C H:K:G6A A6C9 8DC;A>8IH L>I= >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H >C /6G6L6@ >C8AJ9>C< 6 8DC;A>8I >C />BJC?6C L>I= 6C %76C 8DBBJC>IN I=6I 6;I:G <:II>C< CDL=:G: L>I= E:68:;JA :;;DGIH ID HIDE I=: 8DBE6CN ;GDB :C8GD68=>C< DC I=:>G A6C9H IDG8=:9 D; I=: 8DBE6C>:HZ IG68IDGH /DB: D; I=: A6G<:HI D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DC DE:G6IDGH >C DGC:D 6G: AD<<>C< 8DBE6C>:H I=6I 9>K:GH>;>:9 >CID E6AB D>A >C I=: A6I: H 6;I:G 8A:6G>C< DJI BJ8= D; I=: >HA6C9ZH BDG: AJ8G6I>K: ;DG:HI 6G:6H 0=:H: 8DBE6C>:H 6G: 67A: ID 8DCK:GI I=: :MI:CH>K: ;DG:HI E:GB>IH I=:N =6K:

Planet palm oil 35

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DLC ID !6GI= %C9DC:H>6 L:7H>I:

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PART 2

CHAPTER 6

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i kpon dĂŠtin nin dji aga (DD@ 6I I=: IDE D; I=>H E6AB IG:: OgbĂ¨ ĂŠ do dĂŠtin nin dji aga don (DD@ 6I I=: A>;: 6I I=: IDE I=:G: Mikpon dĂŠtin dji aga, mi kpon mi kpon dĂŠtin nin dji aga don (DD@ 6I I=: IDE D; I=>H E6AB IG:: EA:6H: ADD@ 6I >I O ho ĂŠ do han tchĂŠ nin min 3=6I NDJ 86C I6@: ;GDB BN HDC< WĂ¨ gnin do dĂŠtin nin ĂŠ do tĂŠĂŠ %H I=>H I=6I I=: E6AB IG:: HI6C9>C< I=:G: Min dĂŠ djro gbĂ¨ toin nan dou donan lĂŠbĂŠ nan bo nan non sin CNDC: L=D L>H=:H ID 7:C:;>I ;GDB >I H=DJA9 86G: ;DG >I 6C9 LDGH=>E >I Mikpon dĂŠman ĂŠ ton ĂŠdo non bolo akiza (DD@ 6I >IH A:6K:H L=>8= 6G: JH:9 ;DG B6@>C< 7GDDBH Mikpon dĂŠkpa nin sin do wĂ¨ ĂŠ do non bolo do toh kan (DD@ 6I I=: E6GIH L=>8= 6G: JH:9 ;DG B6@>C< GDE:H ID 9G6L L6I:G ;GDB I=: L:AA DĂŠtin ĂŠ ka do tĂŠ a nan mon dĂŠkpa bo mon dĂŠlian "GDB I=: E6AB IG:: NDJ <:I 7G6C8=:H 6C9 86@:H DĂŠtin do kpo nin dji wĂ¨ dĂŠ sounhlouin gan gan soun gan dĂŠ +C I=: H6B: E6AB IG:: I=:G: 6G: 7>< HI:BH L=>8= =DA9 CJIH Mi kpon ami ĂŠ ton, a nan mon ami dja kpo atan kpo (DD@ 6I I=: A>FJ>9H >I EGD9J8:H E6AB D>A 6C9 L>C: MindĂŠ djro gbĂ¨ ton nan dou, CNDC: L=D L6CIH ID 7:C:;>I

0=: ;DAADL>C< >H 76H:9 >C E6GI DC ;>:A9 HIJ9>:H I=6I L:G: 86GG>:9 DJI 7N #. %* >C >C 8DAA67DG6I>DC L>I= .TH:6J 9:H 8I:JGH 9J TK:ADEE:B:CI JG67A: . >C 6B:GDJC %* !/ X "DGB6I>DC %CHI>IJI ;G>86>C EDJG A: TK:ADEE:B:CI !8DCDB>FJ: :I /D8>6A >C VI: 9Z%KD>G: +*# ,! HHD8>6I>DC EDJG A: TK:ADEE:B:CI JG67A: :I A6 ,GDI:8I>DC 9: AZ!CK>GDCC:B:CI >C #J>C:6 6C9 !,! + :CIG: EDJG A6 ,GDBDI>DC :I AZ!9J86I>DC 9:H DBBJC6JITH 9: 76H: >C I=: DC<D

Planet palm oil 39

dékin min wè tchotcho akou non ton son H=DJA9 @CDL I=6I L: <:I I=: 7:HI FJ6A>IN D>A ;GDB I=:H: CJIH Mi kpon détin nin dji aga DCI:BEA:O A: HDBB:I 9: 8: E6AB>:G Q =J>A:

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

!"+%

Planet palm oil 41

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)+ /!+, *%0-%+1 .- 1!+% )- 92% $: 4.)0% (.2. .0,!2).-

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Planet palm oil 43

8DBBJC>I>:H JH: :K:GN E6GI D; 6 IG69>I>DC6A D>A E6AB ;GDB >IH GDDIH ID >IH 7G6C8=:H ID EGD9J8: :K:GNI=>C< ;GDB L>C:H 6C9 HDJEH ID HD6EH 6C9 D>CIB:CIH IG69>I>DC6A B:9>8>C:H 6C9 6C>B6A ;::9H 6C9 :K:C 6 L=DA: G6C<: D; I:MI>A:H 6C9 =DJH>C< B6I:G>6AH H:: 067A: !+, 5)-% )- 2(% .-'.

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.-'.

%C I=: DC<D L>C: B69: ;GDB D>A E6ABH =6H K6G>DJH JH:H ] ,6AB L>C: >H B>M:9 L>I= 8:GI6>C A:6K:H 6C9 JH:9 ID IG:6I ;G68IJG:H 6C9 E6AH>:H ] ,6AB L>C: >H B>M:9 L>I= DI=:G EGD9J8IH >H JH:9 ID IG:6I :C9:B>8 9>H:6H:H ] ,6AB L>C: HE>8:9 L>I= 6 K:GN =DI AD86A E:EE:G K6G>:IN >H 6C :;;:8I>K: 8DA9 6C9 ;AJ G:B:9N ] ,6AB L>C: >H JH:9 ID IG:6I HC6@:7>I: 6C9 ID 6AA:K>6I: 7G:6HI;::9>C<

G:A6I:9 9>;;>8JAI>:H >C A68I6I>C< LDB:C

(by CEPECO-Congo)

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Planet palm oil 45

0!$)2).-!+ ,%$)#)-%1 &0., .)+ /!+,1 )- !,%0..(by Marie-Crescence Ngobo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

CHAPTER 7

02)1!-!+ /!+, .)+ /0.$3#2).- )- 3)-%! (.2. 3)-8%

)+ /!+, )- !11% 3)-9% !-$ 3)-9% .0%12)80% (by Alphonse Yombouno, ADAPE-GuinĂŠe) 0=: D>A E6AB >H =6H ADC< 7::C K6AJ:9 7:86JH: D; >IH BJAI>EA: JH:H Planet palm oil 47

AA E6GIH D; I=: EA6CI ;GDB I=: GDDIH ID I=: ;ADL:GH ID I=: 7N EGD9J8IH 6G: JH:9 ;DG ;DD9 IG69>I>DC6A B:9>8>C: 6C9 ;DG I=:>G >BEDGI6CI HD8>D8JAIJG6A K6AJ: ,6AB <GDK:H 6C9 D>A EGD8:HH>C< 6ADC< L>I= I=: DI=:G H:GK>8:H G:A6I:9 ID E6AB EGD9J8I>DC =6K: =>HIDG>86AAN 8DCIG>7JI:9 ID I=: 9:K:ADEB:CI D; DJG AD86A :8DCDB>:H 6C9 HI>AA 9D ID96N H>C8: I=:H: EGD9J8IH 6G: JH:9 >C DJG 8DBBJC>I>:H ;DG ;DD9 E6AB D>A L>C: 6C9 6A8D=DA 6C9 IG69>I>DC6A B:9>8>C: HD6EH B69: ;GDB E6AB 6C9 E6AB @:GC:A D>AH D>CIB:CIH 9:G>K:9 ;GDB E6AB @:GC:A D>A ,:6H6CIH L=D :6GC E6GI D; I=:>G A>K:A>=DD9 ;GDB D>A E6ABH 6G: 86G:;JA ID EGDI:8I I=:B 6I 6AA I>B:H IG>BB>C< I=: HJGGDJC9>C< K:<:I6I>DC ID EG:K:CI 7GJH= ;>G:H DG DI=:G E=:CDB:C6 ;GDB =6GB>C< I=: IG::H 0=GDJ<=DJI I=: #J>CT: "DG:HI>SG: 6C9 6HH: #J>CT: G:<>DCH HB6AA

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)12.07 .& .)+ /!+, 31% )- 2(% !1 +%34% )120)#2

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Planet palm oil 49

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Planet palm oil 51

<DCKN =6K: 7::C EA6<J:9 7N EGD7A:BH G:A6I:9 ID 67JH: D; IGJHI 6C9 HJHE:8I:9 B>HB6C6<:B:CI 6C9 I=: L=DA: H:8IDG =6H HJ;;:G:9 6H 6 G:HJAI 0D96N DC: >H I:BEI:9 ID HI6I: I=6I I=: :C>CD>H D>A E6AB H:8IDG =6H EG68I>86AAN 8:6H:9 ID :M>HI (% .)+ /!+, 1%#2.0 )- :2% $< 4.)0% (by Kadidja Kone, INADES-Formation, CÃ´te dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire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Planet palm oil 53

D; E:DEA: LDB:C >C E6GI>8JA6G L=D 6G: >CKDAK:9 >C I=: =6GK:HI>C< EGD8:HH>C< 6C9 B6G@:I>C< D; E6AB D>A @:GC:AH 6C9 L>C:

CHAPTER 8

0=: GJH= ID 9:K:ADE D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH >C ;G>86 >H 6 9DJ7A: L=6BBN ;DG I=: 8DCI>C:CI *DI DCAN 9D:H >I >CKDAK: 6 =J<: A6C9 <G67 D; E:DEA:HZ A6C9H 6C9 ;DD9 EGD9J8>C< G:HDJG8:H >I 6AHD 9>G:8IAN JC9:G8JIH I=: A>K:A>=DD9H D; B>AA>DCH D; E:DEA: >CKDAK:9 >C ;G>86ZH IG69>I>DC6A D>A E6AB H:8IDG 0=>H >H CDI I=: ;>GHI I>B: ;DG:><C:GH =6K: EJH=:9 6C :ME6CH>DC D; D>A E6AB >C ;G>86 JG>C< I=: I=: 8DADC>6A D88JE6I>DC D; I=: 8DCI>C:CI I=: !JGDE:6C EDL:GH 7:86B: >CI:G:HI:9 >C E6AB D>A 6H 6C >C9JHIG>6A AJ7G>86CI 6C9 ;DG B6@>C< 86C9A:H ;G>86C ;6B>A>:H L:G: ;DG8:9 ID E6N 6 HE:8>6A I6M @CDLC 6H I=: [I6@DJS\ ID I=: 8DADC>6A 6JI=DG>I>:H >C I=: ;DGB D; E6AB D>A 6C9 E6AB CJI '>C< (TDEDA9 %% D; :A<>JB ;DG8:9 :K:GN ;6GB:G >C I=: EGDK>C8: D; !FJ6I:JG >C I=: DC<D ID EA6CI E6ABH 6 N:6G 0=: !JGDE:6C EDL:GH 6AHD :HI67A>H=:9 I=:>G DLC D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH 6GDJC9 I=>H I>B: ,A6CI6I>DCH L:G: 8G:6I:9 >C 3:HI 6C9 :CIG6A ;G>86 6H L:AA 6H >C /DJI=:6HI H>6 .:H:6G8= HI6I>DCH 6C9 8DAA:8I>DC B>HH>DCH L:G: A6JC8=:9 ID 9:K:ADE =><= N>:A9>C< K6G>:I>:H D; D>A E6ABH I=GDJ<= I=: 8GDHH 7G::9>C< D; IG69>I>DC6A DG L>A9 K6G>:I>:H 3>I= >C9:E:C9:C8: BDHI D; I=:H: EA6CI6I>DCH 6C9 G:H:6G8= HI6I>DCH L:G: C6I>DC6A>H:9 6C9 I=: C:L ;G>86C <DK:GCB:CIH G::C:G<>H:9 I=: :ME6CH>DC D; C6I>DC6A EGD9J8I>DC %C TC>C ;DG :M6BEA: I=: HI6I:

DLC:9 /D8>TIT *6I>DC6A: 9J TK:ADEE:B:CI .JG6A /+* !. A:9 6C :ME6CH>DC D; D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH >C I=: HDJI= >BB:9>6I:AN 6;I:G >C9:E:C9:C8: L=>A: 6CDI=:G HI6I: DLC:9 8DBE6CN I=: /D8>TIT *6I>DC6A: EDJG AZ%C9JHIG>: 9:H DGEH #G6H /+*% +# 7J>AI C:L E6AB D>A G:;>C:G>:H 6C9 E6AB CJI EGD8:HH>C< ;68IDG>:H 3DGA9 .6>C;DG:HI )DK:B:CI [+>A E6AB >C ;G>86 E6HI EG:H:CI 6C9 ;JIJG: H8:C6G>DH [

Planet palm oil 55

JI 6I I=: :C9 D; I=: H 3DGA9 6C@ 6C9 9DCDG >BEDH:9 HIGJ8IJG6A 69?JHIB:CI EGD<G6BB:H ;DG8:9 ;G>86C <DK:GCB:CIH ID EG>K6I>H: I=:>G C6I>DC6A E6AB D>A 8DBE6C>:H 6C9 ID H:AA D;; I=:>G B>AAH 6C9 EA6CI6I>DCH 3=>A: B6CN C6I>DC6A 8DBE6C>:H H>BEAN 8GJB7A:9 6L6N !JGDE:6C 8DBE6C>:H L>I= DA9 8DADC>6A 8DCC:8I>DCH 86EIJG:9 I=: BDHI AJ8G6I>K: DE:G6I>DCH /+ "%* 8DCIGDAA:9 7N 7>AA>DC6>G:H 2>C8:CI DAADGT D; "G6C8: 6C9 $J7:GI "67G> D; :A<>JB IDD@ DK:G C6I>DC6A 8DBE6C>:H >C 6B:GDDC I=: . #J>C:6 6C9 *><:G>6 /% 0 8DCIGDAA:9 7N I=: ;6B>AN D; /DJI= ;G>86C 9>6BDC9 B6<C6I: !GC:HI +EE:C=:>B:G 6C9 I=: :A<>6C 26C9:7::8@ ;6B>AN IDD@ EA6CI6I>DCH >C #67DC #=6C6 6C9 *><:G>6 L=>A: 6CDI=:G DA9 BDC:N :A<>6C 8DBE6CN /%,!" IDD@ DK:G 6 8=JC@ D; I=: HI6I: DLC:9 D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH D; VI: 9Z%KD>G: 1C>A:K:G DC: D; I=: LDGA9ZH A6G<:HI 6C9 DA9:HI ;DD9 8DBE6C>:H H8DG:9 EA6CI6I>DCH IDD X >C I=: . #=6C6 6C9 VI: 9Z%KD>G: 0D96N I=:G: >H 6 H:8DC9 L6K: D; ;DG:><C >CI:G:HI >C D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH >C ;G>86 3>I= A6C9 ;DG D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH 7:8DB>C< BDG: 9>;;>8JAI 6C9 :ME:CH>K: ID 68FJ>G: >C )6A6NH>6 6C9 %C9DC:H>6 8DBE6C>:H 6C9 HE:8JA6I>K: >CK:HIDGH 6G: @::C ID DE:C JE C:L ;GDCI>:GH ;DG :MEDGI EGD9J8I>DC /DB: >CK:HIB:CI >H <D>C< ID ,6EJ6 6C9 ID (6I>C B:G>86 7JI I=: 7><<:HI I6G<:I >H ;G>86 ADC< A>HI D; 8DBE6C>:H ;GDB H>6C E6AB D>A <>6CIH ID 36AA /IG::I ;>C6C8>6A =DJH:H 6G: H8G6B7A>C< ID <:I 8DCIGDA DK:G A6C9H DC I=: 8DCI>C:CI I=6I 6G: ;6KDJG67A: ID D>A E6AB :HE:8>6AAN >C I=: 3:HI 6C9 :CIG6A G:<>DCH +K:G I=: E6HI ;>K: N:6GH K6HI 6G:6H D; A6C9 >C ;G>86 =6K: 7::C 6AAD86I:9 ID ;DG:><C 8DBE6C>:H ;DG D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH 7N ;G>86C <DK:GCB:CIH L>I= B>C>B6A >; 6CN 8DCHJAI6I>DC L>I= I=: 6;;:8I:9 EDEJA6I>DCH 6C9 B6CN 6AA:<6I>DCH D; 8DGGJEI>DC CC:M A>HIH 9:6AH 8DK:G>C< C:6GAN B>AA>DC =:8I6G:H DK:G I=: E6HI 9:869: 6C9 6 =6A; CJB7:G D; 9>;;:G:CI 68IDGH 6G: >CKDAK:9 0=:G: 6G: :HI67A>H=:9 H>6C EA6CI6I>DC 8DBE6C>:H A>@: 3>AB6G 6C9 />B: 6G7N 6C9 BJAI>C6I>DC6A E6AB D>A IG69:GH A>@: 6G<>AA 6C9 +A6B 7DI= ADD@>C< ID :HI67A>H= 6 C:L 76H>H D; E6AB D>A HJEEAN ;DG <AD76A B6G@:IH >C ;G>86 JI B6CN D; I=: ;>GHI BDK:GH 6G: >C ;68I HB6AA D7H8JG: 8DBE6C>:H INE>86AAN 9DB>8>A:9 >C I6M =6K:CH L=DH: DLC:GH >CI:C9 DCAN ID H><C A6C9 9:6AH 6C9 I=:C H:AA I=:>G 8DBE6C>:H 6H HDDC 6H EDHH>7A: ID A6G<:G EA6N:GH L>I= I=: 86E68>IN ID 9:K:ADE I=: EA6CI6I>DCH %C B6CN 86H:H >I >H 9>;;>8JAI ID LDG@ DJI L=D I=: DLC:GH D; I=:H: 8DBE6C>:H 6G:

CHAPTER 9

%1)12!-#% 2. ! +!-$'0!" &.0 ! -%5 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).- )- !,%0..- (.2.

0=: 8DBBJC>I>:H ;68>C< A6C9 <G67H ;GDB E6AB D>A 8DBE6C>:H 6G: JC9:G IG:B:C9DJH EG:HHJG: ID 688DBBD96I: I=:B L>I= EG:HHJG: 8DB>C< ;GDB I=: 8DBE6C>:H I=: <DK:GCB:CI I=: AD86A 8=>:;H 6C9 :K:C I=: 6GBN 6C9 E6G6B>A>I6G>:H 0=DH: L=D G:H>HI ;68: 6GG:HI =6G6HHB:CI 6C9 K>DA:C8: C9 N:I 8DBBJC>I>:H >C ;G>86 6C9 6GDJC9 I=: LDGA9 ;GDB ,6EJ6 *:L

Planet palm oil 57

#J>C:6 ID /6G6L6@ ;GDB 6B:GDDC ID #J6I:B6A6 8DCI>CJ: ID HIGJ<<A: ID HIDE E6AB D>A 8DBE6C>:H ;GDB :CI:G>C< I=:>G A6C9H DBBJC>I>:H >C HDJI=L:HI 6B:GDDC =6K: 7::C >CKDAK:9 >C 6 I=G:: N:6G HIGJ<<A: ID HIDE I=: 1/ 8DBE6CN $:G6@A:H 6E>I6A ;GDB H:II>C< JE 6C D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DC >C I=:>G 6G:6 :HE>I: HJEEDGI ;GDB I=: EG:H>9:CI D; 6B:GDDC $:G6@A:H =6H 7::C JC67A: ID BDK: ;DGL6G9 L>I= >IH EA6CH 7:86JH: I=: 8DBBJC>I>:H 6G: JC>I:9 >C I=:>G IDI6A DEEDH>I>DC ID I=: EA6CI6I>DC 6C9 7:86JH: D; I=: 8G:6I>K: 68I>DCH I=6I I=:N =6K: JC9:GI6@:C L>I= HJEEDGI ;GDB C6I>DC6A 6C9 >CI:GC6I>DC6A E6GIC:GH ID EJI EG:HHJG: DC I=: 8DBE6CN ID A:6K: 0=: 8DBE6CN 6C9 I=: <DK:GCB:CI @::E 8DB>C< 768@ 6C9 EG:H:CI>C< C:L I:GBH I=: A6I:HI 7:>C< 6 EG:H>9:CI>6A 9:8G:: I=6I G:9J8:H I=: A6C9 6AAD86I:9 ID $:G6@A:H ;GDB =6 ID =6 6C9 7DDHIH I=: G:CI I=6I I=: 8DBE6CN BJHI E6N DBBJC>IN A:69:GH =6K: 7::C 6GG:HI:9 6C9 =6G6HH:9 L>I= A6LHJ>IH 4:I I=: 8DBBJC>I>:H 6G: HI>8@>C< ID I=:>G 7DIIDB A>C: 9:B6C9 X CD D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH DC I=:>G A6C9H 6B:GDDC >H 6AHD 6 I6G<:I ;DG I=: (JM:B7DJG< 76H:9 8DBE6CN /+ "%* DLC:9 7N 7>AA>DC6>G:H 2>C8:CI DAADGT D; "G6C8: 6C9 $J7:GI "67G> D; :A<>JB +K:G I=: E6HI 9:869: 6C9 6 =6A; /+ "%* =6H I6@:C DK:G A6C9H ;DG D>A E6AB 6C9 DI=:G 8GDEH >C H:K:G6A ;G>86C 8DJCIG>:H >C8AJ9>C< 6B:GDDC . #J>C:6 *><:G>6 /6D 0DB: ,G>C8>E: 6C9 />:GG6 (:DC: 0=: 8DBE6CN >H CDIDG>DJH ;DG =JB6C G><=IH 67JH:H 6C9 A6C9 8DC;A>8IH 6I >IH DE:G6I>DCH 6C9 ;DG >IH 6<<G:HH>K: I68I>8H 6<6>CHI I=DH: L=D DEEDH: >I %C I=: E6HI ;:L N:6GH I=: 8DBE6CN =6H HA6EE:9 9:;6B6I>DC HJ>IH DC H:K:G6A DG<6C>H6I>DCH 6C9 ?DJGC6A>HIH >C ;G>86 6C9 !JGDE: I=6I =6K: HED@:C DJI 6<6>CHI >I +C &JC: 8DBBJC>I>:H 6;;:8I:9 7N /+ "%* EA6CI6I>DCH >C ;DJG ;G>86C 8DJCIG>:H =:A9 H>BJAI6C:DJH EGDI:HI 68I>DCH 6<6>CHI I=: 8DBE6CN 6H 6 9:A:<6I>DC D; 9>6HEDG6 ;GDB I=:H: 8DJCIG>:H 6C9 HJEEDGI:9 7N I=: "G:C8= <GDJE .TH:6JM 9Z 8I>DC 0G6CHC6I>DC6A: .: 8I EG:H:CI:9 6 ?D>CI A:II:G ;GDB I=: K6G>DJH 8DBBJC>I>:H ID I=: CCJ6A #:C:G6A )::I>C< D; I=: DAADGT #GDJE L=>8= >H 6 B6?DG H=6G:=DA9:G >C /+ "%* [0=>H >C>I>6A >CI:GC6I>DC6A EGDI:HI >H ?JHI I=: 7:<>CC>C< 3: 6G: 8DBB>II:9 ID JE=DA9>C< DJG G><=IH 6C9 )G DAADGT L>AA =6K: ID JC9:GHI6C9 I=6I \ H6>9 !BB6CJ:A !ADC< HED@:HE:GHDC D; /NC6E6G86B I=: /D86E6AB G:H>9:CI ;6GB:GHZ JC>DC >C 6B:GDDC

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(% .'"!(- +!- #.-4)-#%$ )"%0)!:1 '.4%0-,%-2 2. 12./ 2(% %6/!-1).- .& /+!-2!2).-1 .-2. 2(%)0 +!-$1 (.2. !0'. .++%#2)4%

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Planet palm oil 59

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Planet palm oil 61

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 63

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 65

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Planet palm oil 67

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 69

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 71

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 73

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 75

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 77

--%6 +!-$ '0!"1 &.0 .)+ /!+, /+!-2!2).-1 )- &0)#!

Planet palm oil 79

--%6

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Planet palm oil 81

--%6

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--%6

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Planet palm oil 83

--%6

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Planet palm oil 85