TAKING THE LEAD IN REDUCING DIESEL EMISSIONS
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
TAKING THE LEAD IN REDUCING DIESEL EMISSIONS Reduction of diesel emissions is trans-national and must be approached‌ holistically include all types of motorised vehicles the whole supply chain from an international view point
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES: Maersk Line Air Quality Initiative for California... since March 2006 0.2 % low sulphur gas oil on both auxiliary and main engines 24 nautical miles from ports in California projected annual reductions: 70 % PM, 90 % SOx and 10% NOx is an effective, economically sound, global and mobile solution
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES Why we prefer the Maersk option over shore side electricity‌ Avoiding long implementation period Avoiding limited application Avoiding limited geographical reach Having same efficiency in terms of SOx reductions and PM Avoiding huge investments both ashore and onboard the ships
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
Waste Heat Recovery systems Recovering 10% of engine output Reduction of all emissions by 10% Total plant efficiency of 55% The most efficient machine existing converting fossil fuel to mechanical energy
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES waste Heat Recovery Systems common rail technology for two stroke main engines and four stroke auxiliary engines cylinder lubrication system optimise engines optimise vessel planning
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES – IN THE FUTURE particle matter filter for ships catalytic reduction systems water injections data logger to optimise fuel consumption energy saving activities in general On the look for new technologies
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR OUR WORK HENCEFORWARD good decisions are data based global solutions are imperative for the shipping industry the best environmental solutions are achieved through energy efficiency improvements, efficient terminal design and mobile solutions
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
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Taking the lead in reducing diesel emissions
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Technical Organisation
12 February 2007
Matson Clean Ships Presentation San Diego Capt Jack Sullivan Vice President Vessel Operations
Matson, California and Hawaii A Long History Together • Development of tourism: “white ships,” Waikiki hotels • World War II service • Introduction of containerization (1958) • Wholly owned subsidiary of A&B (based in Hawaii, founded in 1870
Matson Today at a Glance
2005 Revenue
2005 Operating Profit
Matson Navigation Company
$ 878 M
$ 128 M
Matson Integrated Logistics
$ 432 M
$ 14 M
$1.3 B
$142 M
Total
• • •
Number of employees: 1,050 Seagoing billets: 285 The Matson Fleet: 17 vessels – Eight diesel-powered containerships, five steam-powered containerships, three container barges, one ro-ro barge
– One chartered ro-ro vessel, one chartered diesel-powered containership
SQE and ISO certification • 2003, Matson fleet became first ABS SQE certified U.S.-flag container vessel operator • 2003, Matson shoreside: ISO 9001 (Quality) and ISO 14001 (Environmental). Voluntary programs • Environmental management system: fully documented procedures, audits, objectives and targets • Continuous improvement • ISO 9001 and 1400 includes offices/employees
Matson and Hawaii: Pristine waters, beaches • Hawaii dependent on ocean transportation • Matson the state’s leading carrier • Acute awareness/ concern for preserving Hawaii’s natural beauty
Going beyond mere compliance
• Oil/water separators • Air emissions • Invasive species
Zero Solid Waste Discharge • Developed in 1993 with Ocean Conservancy • All waste materials placed into “Greentainer” at sea, except food scraps • Greentainer landed at Honolulu, contents to “cogeneration” plant • Implemented fleet-wide • Full support of seagoing personnel, marketing/sales
Oil/Water Separators: Matson Environmental Protection Zone • Procedures prohibit discharges through oil/water separator or incinerator operation within 50 miles of land
Oil/Water Separators • Law: 15 parts per million • Matson: Additional filters designed to reduce oil content to 5 parts per million or below • Quarterly samplings from entire fleet by an independent analytical lab – Ensure accurate readings from oil content monitors • Newest vessel, MV Maunalei, state-of-the-art oil/ water separator
Invasive species/ballast water: Partnership with CSLC • Ecochlor chlorine dioxide treatment system • Moku Pahu, integrated tug and barge bulk carrier • 13 ballast tanks, 17,000 metric tons of ballast • Research team gathering data on biological effectiveness of system, operational and maintenance requirements
Invasive species/ballast water: Partnership with CSLC • MV R. J. Pfeiffer: Optimar treatment system installed for demonstration project • Two step process: cyclonic separation chamber, ultraviolet radiation • Propulsion vibrations caused quartz tubes to break • New design installed in 2003 • Project produced valuable info on Optimar
Community Outreach • Hawaii program: Ka Ipu ‘Aina (Container for the Land) • Donate use of container equipment for cleanups by non-profits • $1,000 donated to non-profit following cleanup • To date, 180 cleanups, $180,000 to non-profits
Air Emissions Big plus: Four newly built containerships added to Matson fleet in past four years, all MARPOL Annex VI compliant
Emissions Reduction Initiatives • • • • • • •
Selective Catalytic Reduction Low Sulphur Fuel Slide valve fuel injectors Alpha Lubricators New diesel generators for C-9 Class Four new container ships Demolition of four steamships
NOx Reduction Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) • Proven Shipboard Technology since 1989 • The diesel engine exhaust gas is mixed with ammonia before being passed through a catalyst • Reduce nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions by half ton per day • Annual reduction: 65 tons per vessel
Green Port Policy January 31, 2005 The City of Long Beach adopted the Green Port Policy. Among other things, the Green Port Policy seeks to reduce the impacts of port operations through agreements such as new leases and lease amendments, and economic incentives.
Matson’s Lease Amendment • Original lease was designed primarily for our domestic Hawaii Service. • In February 2006 Matson inaugurated a new service calling on two ports in China. • The switch from primarily inbound empty containers from Hawaii to loaded inbound containers from China required an amendment.
Emissions Reduction •
SOx – Auxiliary Engine burning low sulphur fuel
•
NOx – Selective Catalytic Reduction
•
PM – New MAN B&W Auxiliary Engine
Lease Agreement Pertaining to Matson Ships • SSDG (auxiliary power diesel generator motors) (1) Use only CARB #2 diesel, gas to liquid diesel, biofuels, or a marine distillate fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 0.2% by weight on and after January 1, 2007 and with a sulfur content of no more than 0.1% by weight on and after January 1, 2008 or (2) use exhaust gas treatment technology that provides equivalent emission reductions.
•
• •
Lease Agreement Pertaining to Matson Ships Five newest ships to be equipped for cold ironing by 2012 (during scheduled dry docking). Alternative Technology which is 90% as effective as cold ironing can be proposed. Three C-9 Class ships (built 1982) will be equipped with cold ironing during next regularly scheduled dry docking. Alternative Technology that achieves 80% of the NOx and PM reductions of cold ironing may be proposed for the C-9s
Air Emissions: “Green port” lease agreement with Port of Long Beach, SSAT, Matson • POLB to invest in cold ironing electrical infrastructure • Matson to retrofit five newer ships for cold ironing or use technology that is 90 percent as clean as cold ironing • Also, retrofit C9 class ships with technology that is at least 80 percent as clean as cold ironing
Questions? Captain Jack Sullivan Vice President Vessel Operations 510-628-4283 jsullivan@matson.com
Market & Emissions Ches K King Business Development Manager, West Coast USA Seattle, WA
Agenda • Context • Market growth • Options for change • Conclusions
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Context
Local Air Quality Port Calls Traffic
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Air Quality
Historically – new regulations were ‘forced’ by serious accidents
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2001
1990 1969 1979 1954
OPA90
MEPC 46 Phase out SH Tankers 2003
1995
MARPOL SBT
IMO
ESP 1998 1989
1978 PSC
ISM EXXON VALDEZ
1976
1967
URQUIOLA
1960
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AMOCO CADIZ
1970
Lloyd’s Register North America Inc.
1980
2001 1996
1993
1978 TORREY CANYON
MEPC 50 Early phase out ERICA of SH tankers 1999
BRAER
SEA EMPRESS
LEVOLI SUN 2002
PRESTIGE
1990
2000
2010
Applicable conventions: • MARPOL Convention • Annex I Prevention of pollution by oil • Annex II Control of pollution by noxious liquid substances • Annex III Prevention of pollution by substances in packaged form • Annex IV Prevention of pollution by sewage • Annex V Prevention of pollution by garbage • Annex VI Prevention of air pollution by ships • Antifouling systems • Ballast Water Management Systems • Ships Recycling???
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Highlight containerships • 32% of today’s fleet is post-panamax • 52% of today’s order book is post-panamax • We have reached the magic 10,000 TEU • Is there a limit? China Shipping Group
8,500 TEU
Samsung HI
China Shipping Group
9,600 TEU
Samsung HI
COSCO
10,000 TEU
Hyundai HI
Zim
10,000 TEU
Hyundai HI
… Emma Mærsk, 11,000 TEU Clean Air Conference
Lloyd’s Register North America Inc.
Container market outlook – demand growth • • •
Demand for containerisation continues to grow – at about 9½% per annum Order book is very large – 51% of the fleet size Order today for delivery in 2010 at earliest
2,000
250
1,500
200 150
1,000 100 500
50
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2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
0 1994
0
% of 2003 value
million tonne
Seaborne Unitised Cargo
Source: MSI
Container market outlook – fleet growth •
Demand growth may outrun the current delivery schedule
•
Substantial number of new orders required
Container Ship Contracting 2,500
7900+ TEU
'000 TEU
2,000
5100-7900TEU 4000-5100TEU
1,500
3000-4000TEU 2000-3000TEU
1,000
1300-2000TEU
500
500-1300TEU 100-500TEU
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
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How big is Emma Maersk?
1,305 ft Emma Maersk
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The engine…
1998, 12 CYLINDERS, EACH 96CM DIAMETER, APPROACHING 80,000KW
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OK… • Vessels are getting larger • Ordering will continue at current high levels • Long lead time for new vessels
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and • Long life of new vessels (25/30 years) • So given this how do we begin to make an impact in emissions?
• Key is “Effective Management”
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The Way Ahead? • Industry partnership: port – ship – regulation
Ports
• Combine best of elements of incentive schemes and legislation to produce scheme to reward ship owners & operators for improved environmental performance • Define a baseline of legislative compliance, now and in the future.
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Owners
Regulation
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New specifications • Vessel’s being specified now will have to meet legislative requirements, these are standards are already quite challenging to meet. • Owners can do more by, for example • Emulsification (reduce smoke, NOx) • Scrubbers (Reduce SOx) • However both technologies are in infancy, especially exhaust gas scrubbers • But all owners can be more “efficient” by specifying • Heat recovery systems • Shaft generators (impact emissions on voyage) Clean Air Conference
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What can be done now • Right now owners do have options • Application of standards like ISO14001 – Environmental Management System • Maintenance – manage maintenance to improve reliability, efficiency, and reduce waste production • Operational procedures – schedule optimization, speed control • Pollution impact – green passport, maintain inventory of hazardous materials to help maintenance, and aid eventual recycling of the materials on ships.
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Conclusion ¾ Must recognize good environmental management practices • Very powerful lever to effect positive change • Can be done by all operators today ¾ Specifications need to improve over time and • This is a long term objective given lead time, life of vessels and current average age of the fleet.
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Thank you For more information please contact
Ches K King
Ches.King@lr.org (425) 922 7478
Services are provided by members of the Lloyd’s Register Group Lloyd’s Register, Lloyd’s Register EMEA and Lloyd’s Register Asia are exempt charities under the UK Charities Act 1993.
LLOYD’S REGISTER NORTH AMERICA INC. SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
The Lloyd’s Register Group works to enhance safety and approve assets and systems at sea, on land and in the air – because life matters.
CRUISE SHIP SHORE POWER PROJECTS SHORESIDE INSTALLATION SEATTLE, WA 2005/2006 Tom Dow Vice President, Public Affairs Carnival Corporation & PLC Mike Watts Manager, Marine Division Cochran, Inc.
Criteria for a Successful Shore Power Project
•
Availability of an adequate supply of electricity at a reasonable cost.
•
Frequency of calls by cruise vessels equipped to connect to Shore Power.
•
Availability of the same dock and pier facility for these vessels for every call.
• •
Adequate dock and upland space for equipment. Willing partners including – utility, port and government agencies.
Shore Power Description Power is transmitted from an on-shore transformer to the ship through five flexible electrical cables. The cables connect to the ships electrical system through traditional male/female plugs & sockets and enable the entire ship to run on electricity rather than diesel. Power is transferred and synchronized to the ship under a closed transition process monitored and controlled by the ships automation system. Internal shore side monitoring and protection is achieved with protection relays, which insure safety and protection of both the ship and shore electrical systems.
Cruise Ship Shore Power Project Shoreside Installation Construction Process Step 1 – Electrical Design Step 2 – Equipment Procurement Step 3 – Equipment Installation Step 4 – Commissioning & Testing
Step 1 – Electrical Design Process •
Meet with local utility company to determine power source availability.
•
Coordination between utility company & design teams to determine utility requirements.
•
Design is generated & forwarded to local jurisdictions for approval.
Step 1 – Electrical Design System Components •
Main Metering Equipment
•
Transformer
•
Secondary Metering Equipment
•
Capacitor Bank (Power Factor Correction)
•
Grounding/Earth Switch
•
Cable Management Support (jib)
•
Power Cables & Connectors
Step 1 – Electrical Design One Line Diagram
Step 1 – Electrical Design Jib Crane Design
Step 2 – Equipment Procurement Process •
Approved design is sent to manufacturer.
•
Manufacturer revises designs based on local conditions and requirements.
•
Shop drawings are submitted for approval.
•
Shop drawings are approved and production begins.
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Sequence •
Excavation & Conduit Installation
• •
Concrete Pad & Transformer Installation Equipment Installation Main Metering Equipment Transformer Secondary Metering Equipment Grounding Switch Cable Winch Capacitor Bank Festooning System
•
Cable Installation
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Excavation & Conduit Installation
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Cable & Equipment
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Main Metering Equipment, Transformer & Secondary Equipment
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Ground Switch
Power Cable Winch
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Princess Festooning System
Step 3 – Equipment Installation Holland America Festooning System
Step 4 – Commissioning & Testing Process • Winch lowers cables into hull & cables are connected to the ships infrastructure. • Testing is conducted to ensure system functionality. • Commissioning is completed.
System Details Design Criteria (Seattle) • Primary Voltage
27,000 Volts
• Transformer
16.25 MVA Delta-Wye
• Secondary Voltage
6,600 & 11,000 Volts
• Primary Full Load
355 Amps
• Secondary Load
853 Amps @ 11,000 Volts
• Ship Hotel Load
11MVA
• Power Factor
.83 to .86
• Construction Budget
$1.6 Million
• Construction Schedule
6 Months
• Utility Rate (Interruptible)
Vary
• Annual Consumption
11-12 GWH