The redd database a synthesis report by Green Growth Program

The REDD+ Database A Synthesis Report

December 2013 Produced by GGGI in collaboration with the REDD+ Special Team as part of the GoI-GGGI Green Growth Program

Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.

Goals and objectives of this report............................................................................................ 5

1.2.

Approach.................................................................................................................................. 5

Policy and Project Themes extracted from the REDD+ Database ...................................................... 6 2.1.

Central Kalimantan ................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.

East Kalimantan...................................................................................................................... 13

2.3.

Jambi...................................................................................................................................... 17

2.4.

Aceh ....................................................................................................................................... 21

2.5.

Central Sulawesi ..................................................................................................................... 22

2.6.

Papua ..................................................................................................................................... 23

2.7.

Riau........................................................................................................................................ 24

2.8.

South Sumatra........................................................................................................................ 25

2.9.

West Kalimantan .................................................................................................................... 26

2.10. West Papua ............................................................................................................................ 27 2.11. West Sumatra......................................................................................................................... 28

Acronyms and abbreviations AKAR AMDAL BKAD CSO FFI FORPALA FPIC FSC GDP GIZ GoI HCVF HKM HoB HPH HTI HTR IFACS IUCN KFCP KPHL KPHP LoI MRV NGO NTFPs P4P RAFT RAD-GRK REDD+ RTRWK RTRWP SATGAS SFM SRAP STRADA SVLK TBI TFT TNC WARSI WWF WWF GFTN YLI

Nature Conservancy Alliance Environmental Impact Assessment Inter-Villages Cooperation Agency Civil Society Organization Fauna and Flora International Forum Pala Aceh Free prior and informed consent Forest Stewardship Council Gross Domestic Product German Society for International Cooperation Government of Indonesia High Conservation Value Forest Community Forest Heart of Borneo Natural Forest Concession Holder Industrial Plantation Forest Community Timber Plantation Indonesia Forest and Climate Support Project International Union for Conservation of Nature Kalimantan Forest Carbon Partnership Protection Forest Management Unit Production Forest Management Unit Letter of Intent Measurement, Reporting, and Verification Non-Governmental Organization Non-Timber Forest Products Payment for Performance Responsible Asia Forestry and Trade Local Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation District Spatial Planning Province Spatial Planning REDD+ Task Force Sustainable Forest Management REDD+ Provincial Action Plan and Strategy REDD+ Provincial Strategic Plan Timber Legality Verification System The Borneo Initiative Tropical Forest Trust The Nature Conservancy Indonesian Conservation Community World Wide Fund for Nature WWF â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The Global Forest & Trade Network Yayasan Leuser International 3

Executive Summary

In order to assist the REDD+ Agency to better understand the current status of REDD+ implementation across Indonesia, GGGI has been working with the REDD+ Special Team, as part of the GoI-GGGI Green Growth Program, to identify the existing and planned activities in the 11 REDD+ provinces. This information has been captured in the REDD+ Database, which includes the priority activities outlined in 8 SRAPs and 10 RAD-GRKs, as well as the existing REDD+ projects supported by NGOs, CSOs, donors and the private sector across the 11 provinces. The REDD+ Database and this Synthesis Report will be an important resource and tool for decision makers within the REDD+ Agency. It will help staff and other stakeholders to better understand the REDD+ landscape across each provinces, explore the trends in current and planned REDD+ activities, and identify the priority areas in each province to which funding could be directed during Phase 2. This Synthesis Report has been written to extract the most important and relevant information from the REDD+ Database, which is an Excel spreadsheet with three worksheets and includes a total of 526 activities. While the database has been designed to be user-friendly and is suitable for searching for information on specific projects or examining a provinceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existing project portfolio, it does not provide any narrative or offer a succinct summary of REDD+ progress in each province. This is the purpose of this Synthesis Report, which includes 11 provincial summaries that extract information from the REDD+ Database around the following topics: 1. Emerging themes in REDD+ policy 2. Key trends and status of existing REDD+ activities 3. High-potential interventions for Phase 2 funding (only in the three priority provinces) The REDD+ Database and this Synthesis Report demonstrate the different approaches that each province is adopting to implement REDD+, which reflects the great diversity of deforestation issues throughout Indonesia. However, while each province is unique, there is a clear focus across Indonesia on the need for broad governance reform in the forestry sector. In addition, each province emphasizes the importance of improving licensing and permitting systems, and spatial planning processes. Finally, there is also consensus on the need to improve forest management systems and to seek greater inclusion of stakeholders, which is reflected in a large number of forest management units (KPHs) and community based forest management (CBFM) systems being developed. The REDD+ Special Team has identified three provinces that will be the initial focus of Phase 2 support, which this Synthesis Report considers in more detail. The summaries of these provinces identify highimpact REDD+ activities that are aligned with political priorities and existing capacity, thus demonstrating high-potential interventions for Phase 2 funding. Below is a short summary of the location-specific activities that have the greatest potential for achieving multiple REDD+ goals. Central Kalimantan: (i) the conservation and rehabilitation of the southern peat belt and (ii) the implementation of sustainable forest management (SFM) in the upper highlands and watersheds. East Kalimantan: (i) improving the sustainability of the forestry sector through improvements in timber legality and SFM in the northern highlands, and (ii) the development of KPHs in Kutai Barat and Berau. Jambi: (i) promoting CBFM through village forest concessions and reducing land tenure conflict in the western highlands, and (ii) ensuring the protection of the Berbak National Park and the effective implementation of KPHs in the coastal region of the province. 4

1. Introduction 1.1. Goals and objectives of this report

The overall objective of this report is provide the REDD+ Agency with an overview of the REDD+ project activities that are currently ongoing and planned in each of the 11 priority REDD+ provinces in Indonesia. The information from this report is based on the REDD+ Database that GGGI submitted to the REDD+ Special Team on Friday 13th December. Specifically the report aims to: 1. Provide a summary of the emerging themes in REDD+ policy in each of the provinces as outlined in the Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Propinsi (SRAP) and the forestry and agriculture projects in the Rencana Aksi Daerah penurunan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAD-GRK); 2. Provide a summary of the current ongoing project activities being conducted by donors, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), civil society organizations (CSOs) and other REDD+ project developers in each of the provinces; 3. Provide recommendations for high-potential interventions for Phase 2 funding in the three priority provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and Jambi, as defined by the REDD+ Special Team.

1.2. Approach

The REDD+ Database includes projects and activities from the 11 REDD+ provinces; Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Jambi (all of which are priorities for Phase 2), and Aceh, Central Sulawesi, Papua, Riau, South Sumatera, West Kalimantan, West Papua and West Sumatera. This Synthesis Report provides a short overview of the REDD+ policy priorities and the existing projects taking place in each province. In addition, more in-depth analysis has been carried out for the three priority provinces to highlight highpotential interventions for Phase 2 funding. The REDD+ Database has been developed using desktop research and the information contained within it has been taken from a range of sources, including REDD+ project documents (8 SRAPs and 10 RADGRKs), and existing REDD+ projects across the 11 provinces. The summary of each province in this Synthesis Report is divided into the following sections: 1. An overview of REDD+ policy in the province: This section presents a summary of the activities outlined in the SRAP and the forestry and agricultural activities in the RAD-GRK, and identifies the common themes in each. Some of these provinces have not yet completed their SRAP or RAD-GRK. 2. Existing project summary: This section presents a summary of the existing REDD+ projects being conducted by donors, NGOs, CSOs and other groups within each of the 11 provinces. 3. High-potential interventions for Phase 2 funding (three priority provinces only): This section builds on the information from the SRAP, RAD-GRK and the existing projects to identify interventions that have the potential to deliver emissions reductions and other REDD+ goals in a relatively short timeframe. Along with having potential for green growth impacts during Phase 2, high-potential activities must also be aligned with the provincial priorities and have existing technical capacity. Note that at this stage there has been limited stakeholder engagement to discuss the activities identified in the 11 provinces. In addition, the conclusions in this Synthesis Report are based only on the information contained in the database. The REDD+ Database and the Synthesis Report have been developed in such a way to allow it to be easily updated and expanded by the REDD+ Agency following further research and engagement with stakeholders, so it should be considered as living documents. 5

2. Policy and Project Themes extracted from the REDD+ Database

Table 1 below presents a brief overview of the overall policy and project themes from the 11 provinces. The subsequent section of the report presents the summary of each of the provinces. Table 1: Summary of REDD+ activities in the 11 provinces

Province Central Kalimantan



 

East Kalimantan

Jambi

           

Overview of REDD+ policy environment in the province Facilitate implementation of SFM in forest concessions through improved management practices, creating demand for sustainable products, and improved spatial planning and license permitting Restore and rehabilitate peatlands and prevent peat fires Strengthen the role of forest communities through clarification of land tenure, improved mapping and development of village forests (hutan desa) Sustainable management practices in plantations and mining Creation of provincial REDD+ institutions Create REDD+ institutions and regulatory frameworks Promote SFM in timber sector Establish model forest management units (KPH) in the province Build capacity of forest communities to manage and monitor forest areas and strengthen local economies Reform plantation and mining licensing mechanisms Establish model KPHs in the province Support private sector on sustainable forest management Prevent forest fires Governance reform of agricultural sector and engagement with the sector on improving productivity Establish REDD+ laws and policies and strong provincial REDD+ commission

    

Summary of existing projects Government REDD+ demonstration activities in place TBI and IFACS supporting concessions to implement SFM Large scale peat projects taking place in Sebangau, Rimba Raya, Lamandau , Hutan Amanah Heart of Borneo (HoB) supporting sustainable landscapes approach Several concessions have received RSPO certification

      

Jurisdictional program being developed in Berau Model KPHs being developed in Berau and Kutai Barat Conservation projects in areas lead by TNC and FFI HoB supporting multiple conservation efforts TBI and TNC support for concessions to implement SFM Several concessions have received RSPO certification WARSI led village forests (hutan desa) program covering 26 communities  Berbak Carbon Initiative covering national park and buffer zone managed by ZSL  Model KPH being developed in the province  Harapan ecosystem restoration project managed by Birdlife International

Province Aceh

   

Central Sulawesi

Papua

Riau

            

South Sumatra

 

West Kalimantan

   

Overview of REDD+ policy environment in the province Develop SFM and peatland management plan Improve the enforcement, monitoring and control of spatial planning and land use permits in forest and peatlands Implement forest rehabilitation in priority watersheds Implement community forest schemes Implement improved agricultural practices Establish 11 forest management units (KPH) Support alternative livelihoods through HkM and HTR Rehabilitate forests that provide key environmental services Regulatory reform of timber sector SFM for timber and plantation sectors Community forestry initiatives (HkM, hutan desa, HTR) Implement 56 KPH units Rehabilitate critical watersheds Support integrated spatial planning process Rehabilitate and conserve peat and non-peat areas Strengthen capacity of government, private sector and communities to manage the forest Legal and regulatory reform on spatial planning, community forest tenure, and concession licensing Conserve peat forest and mangroves Engage communities on tenure mapping and also capacity building on community based forest management Regulatory reform on concession licensing and spatial planning Implement improved agricultural practices Regulatory reform of agriculture sector Rehabilitate and conserve forest and peatlands

        

Summary of existing projects Conservation projects in Ulu Masen and Leuser Ecosystem reserve led by FFI and YLI Spatial plan reform and low emission development strategy support led by IFACS Small scale sustainable agriculture projects led by Swiss Contact and FORPALA Central Sulawesi Integrated Area Development and Conservation Project Two model KPHP projects that cover over 225,000 ha of production forest area USAID IFACS program support to district spatial plan reform and SFM implementation. Two large scale model KPHLs covering 300,000 ha Cyclops Mountains REDD+ Project led by FFI IUCN community FPIC process

 Kampar Carbon Reserve Project  Two model KPHs are being developed in the province

 Merang Peat Conservation project led by GIZ  Two model KPHPs established covering 300,000 ha

 Pematang Gadung peat forest REDD+ project led by FFI  Spatial plan reform and LED strategy support in Ketapang and Kayong Utara led by IFACS  Danau Siawan-Belida Forest REDD+ Project  Three model KPHs for production forest are being developed

Province West Papua

West Sumatra

   

Overview of REDD+ policy environment in the province Legal and regulatory reform of forestry sector Implement RIL and rehabilitate degraded forest zones. Build capacity to implement REDD+ at the institutional level Revise spatial planning process and enforcement of forest laws

    

Develop REDD+ institutions and MRV systems Reform forestry sector (new regulations, implement BMPs) Implement improved agricultural practices Rehabilitate critical watersheds Support community based forest management systems

Summary of existing projects  West Papua Forest Carbon project targeting 16 concessions  TBI supporting two concessions to implement SFM and SVLK  Large scale KPH covering 200,000 ha  IUCN project on FPIC process, land tenure and alternative sustainable livelihoods  Two model KPHLs and 1 KPHP are being developed  Siberut Conservation Project

2.1. Central Kalimantan Background

 Land area: 15.3 million ha and is Indonesia’s third largest provincei  Population: 2.2 million, of whom 67% of the population lives in rural areasii  Major economic sectors: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries (19.3% GDP), services (13% GDP), mining (10% GDP)iii  Forest coverage: 10 million ha, of which 3 million ha is peatland forestiv  Deforestation rate: 63,100 ha annuallyv  Major drivers of deforestation: Logging and draining of peatlands for expansion of agriculture, especially palm oil; large scale fires; illegal and unsustainable logging and poor regulation and enforcement of spatial plans in timber and palm oil concessions.vi

Overview of REDD+ policy

In recent years Central Kalimantan has been the focus of government and donor initiatives to protect and conserve its large remaining forest. In 2010 the province was selected by the government as the REDD+ pilot province, in which to trial REDD+ demonstration activities. The Central Kalimantan government has developed a RAD-GRK that has been approved. A draft of the provincial REDD+ Strategy or STRADA has been produced and an ‘enrichment’ process to align this document with the SRAP format will be finished by the end of December 2013. Both the original version of the STRADA and the RAD-GRK contain a broad range of cross sectoral activities. However, there is a clear emphasis in both on promoting sustainable forest management (SFM) and the conservation and the rehabilitation of forests and peatlands. Within the forestry sector the STRADA and the RAD-GRK activities aim to promote better forest management by improving silvicultural practices, implementing RIL and assisting companies to attain timber legality (Timber Legality Verification System or SVLK). On the demand side, the STRADA also aims to encourage value added industries for sustainable forestry products by supporting small and medium sized companies which produce green products, through schemes such as investment credits and subsides. Peatlands are important for the implementation of REDD+ in Central Kalimantan, and this is reflected in the activities of the STRADA and the RAD-GRK. Both contain activities aimed at rehabilitating peatlands and the STRADA provides specific details of activities to block canals and replant dried peat areas. Critically peat conservation and rehabilitation efforts are supported by a number of other activities, such as more focused implementation of the moratorium through improved licensing and site allocation, and the demarcation of peat area buffer zones. Importance is also placed on the prevention of fires and further expansion of agricultural lands. Strengthening the role of local and indigenous people in managing forest areas is important both to SFM and the conservation of peat areas. The STRADA, and to a lesser extent the RAD-GRK, outlines activities to improve the land tenure status of forest communities through improved mapping and legislation, facilitating the development of community forest programs (hutan desa), and improving community forestry industries by creating markets for NTFPs. In agricultural plantations and mining, activities are orientated towards the development and implementation of sustainable management practices such as certification schemes that assess and mitigate the impacts of operations. 9

At the institutional level, the STRADA details activities aimed at developing the capacity, both in technical skills, data and physical resources (hardware, computers etc.), and processes of the provincial REDD+ institution, the provincial MRV institution and a provincial REDD+ funding mechanism.

Existing projects

As the pilot province for REDD+ in Indonesia, Central Kalimantan has been the focus of donor, multilateral and NGO funding for the last 5 years and already has a large number of ongoing REDD+ project activities. As a result, there is a strong network of international NGOs, local CSOs and multilateral organizations with good technical capacity and resources operating in the province. Figure 1 shows the current location of existing project activities. As the pilot province, Central Kalimantan hosts a number of REDD+ DAs supported by the Government of Norway and overseen by UNDP. These projects are all located in a number of districts surrounding the ex-Mega Rice Project and are managed by a number of local CSO and NGOs. These activities are largely focused on small-scale alternative livelihood activities and empowerment of local economies. For example, BKAD Jabiren Raya, a local CSO in the Pulang Pisau District, has been training villagers to make rattan wickerwork and encouraging the development of local enterprises by assisting villagers to market rattan products and access new markets. Beyond the DAs, the majority of other donor and NGO activities have focused on peat conservation and support for the implementation of SFM practices in timber concessions. Peat conservation projects have been focused on the southern peat belt area. Projects tend to be aimed at better enforcement of peatland conservation areas and/or the rehabilitation of dried areas through canal blocking. There are a number of large scale REDD+ projects operating in this area such as the Sebangau project run by WWF and the Rimba Raya project. The KFCP has also been operating in the ex-Mega Rice Project for over 4 years and has carried out extensive research on peatland hydrology and restoration.1 The implementation of SFM has also been a focus for donors and NGOs in the region. One of the largest initiatives in the area over the last 5 years has been TBI. TBI provides financial support to concessionaires to get certified and in most cases also fund organizations such as TNC, WWF GFTN, the TFF and TFT to provide technical support. The HoB and USAIDs IFACS projects are both taking a landscape approach to conservation and SFM in the region and are working with a range of stakeholders from government, communities and concessions to develop district level spatial and economic planning. The HoB landscape covers the provinceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s northern border, which has vast natural forest areas, while the IFACS project landscape follows a major watershed in the central portion of the province covering highland forests and coastal peat forests. In terms of agriculture, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) has been working with a number of companies in the area to support the development of sustainable palm oil production in plantations.

Funding for the KFCP from the Government of Australia expires in mid-2014

Figure 1: A map of existing REDD+ activities in Central Kalimantan 11

High-potential interventions for Phase 2

In Central Kalimantan, high-potential interventions have been identified in two distinct geographical and ecological regions; (1) Peat rehabilitation and conservation in the southern peat belt and (2) Sustainable forest management in upper highlands and water shed areas. a. Peat rehabilitation and conservation in the southern peat belt The rehabilitation and conservation of the Central Kalimantan southern peat belt has the potential to deliver multiple REDD+ goals. The high carbon content of peatlands represent a large potential for carbon sequestration and peat ecosystems are often areas of high biodiversity. Although peat conservation efforts do not offer large economic gains, project activities often involve initiatives to promote alternative livelihoods and promote localized economic development.2 There are a number of capable organizations already working on such activities in Central Kalimantan and many donors have previously placed emphasis on the importance of this region. It is clear from the STRADA and RAD-GRK that the Central Kalimantan government also recognizes the importance of this area, so there is political support for the scaling up of activities that reduce emissions from peatlands in the province. Alongside the technical interventions required to prevent emissions and increase carbon stocks, improvements are required in the spatial planning and licensing processes to ensure that plantations and buffer zones are sited in the correct areas. Greater support for the effective implementation of the moratorium is also a necessity. Finally, it is critical that local communities are involved in the management of peat areas and that sustainable local economies are established by coordinating conservation activities with programs that generate alternative livelihoods. b. Sustainable Forest Management in upper highlands and water shed areas Given that there a large number of natural forest concessions in the province (approx. 4.5 million ha), promoting SFM is an important intervention in Central Kalimantan. Although SFM offers only moderate levels of carbon emissions reductions and additional carbon sequestration, the carbon gains across such a large area could be substantial. In addition, certified concessions can result in the protection of biodiversity and contribute to improved local economic development and job creation.3 Timber concessions are already working with initiatives, such as TBI and IFACS to implement SFM practices. These initiatives and partner organisations, such as TNC and WWF GFTN, have good technical skills and experience of working with concessionaires. Similarly the STRADA and RAD-GRK contain a number of activities focused on implementing more sustainable practices within timber concessions, demonstrating political support for this activity. Engagement with concessions should be combined with improved enforcement of spatial plans and regulations within the forestry sector, as well as the creation of local markets for sustainable timber products to generate additional incentives to become SFM certified.

Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of peat rehabilitation projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy. 3 Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of SFM projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy.

2.2. East Kalimantan Background

 Land area: 20 million ha and is Indonesia’s second largest provincevii  Population: 3.5 million people of whom about half live in rural villagesviii  Major economic sectors: Mining and quarrying (45% of GDP), services (4.2%) and agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries (4%)ix  Forest coverage: 14.6 million hax  Deforestation rate: 150,000 ha annually between 2003 and 2008xi  Drivers of deforestation and carbon emissions: land clearing for coal mining, illegal logging and over exploitation of natural forest concessions, expansion of palm oil and agricultural plantations, small holder agricultural expansion, land and forest fires.xii

Overview of REDD+ policy

In recent years, East Kalimantan has been the focus of government and donor efforts to develop REDD+, due to the large tracts of remaining forest and high rates of deforestation. The province has already developed and approved a RAD-GRK and SRAP. The East Kalimantan SRAP contains 15 priority activities for the implementation over the next two years. Recognizing that REDD+ is still at an early stage of development in the province, both the SRAP and RADGRK focus on the creation of the institutions, processes and legal and regulatory frameworks needed to ready the province for REDD+. At the institutional level, the main focus of the SRAP is on the creation and capacity building of a provincial REDD+ institution to coordinate the various REDD+ activities in the province. As unsustainable and illegal logging practices are a large driver of deforestation in the province, both the SRAP and RAD-GRK focus on activities in the forestry sector. In particular, there is a strong emphasis on improving both legality and sustainability in and around concessions by strengthening mapping and spatial planning, increasing the collection and analysis of forestry data, and improving monitoring, management and enforcement of permits. The RAD-GRK also specifically outlines activities to ensure better monitoring and enforcement of the moratorium areas. Importantly, both the SRAP and the RAD-GRK contain activities to accelerate the capacity of forest communities to manage and monitor forest areas. Strengthening local forest based economies provides a clear incentive for better, more localized management systems. Importance is also placed on accelerating the establishment of forest management units (KPH), which provide active management to large forest landscapes, can help resolve conflicts over forest boundaries and support community forest management. The expansion of palm oil and mining are also key drivers of deforestation in East Kalimantan. Both the SRAP and the RAD-GRK outline activities to reduce the impact of this expansion, in particular through the creation of plantation and mining licensing mechanisms. In particular, the SRAP promotes the identification and management of HCVF for palm oil and mining concessions, carrying out environmental impact assessment (AMDAL) and the development of criteria and indicators to assess land suitability.

Existing projects

East Kalimantan is already the focus of donor and multilateral funding and hosts several large REDD+ demonstration activitiesxiii, which are supported by the East Kalimantan provincial and district government. As a result, there are a number of organizations already operating in the province with good technical capacity and resources to support the scaling up of project activities. Figure 2 shows the existing projects in the province. A large proportion of existing site level projects in East Kalimantan, are focused on the implementation of legality and SFM practices in natural forest concessions. As in Central Kalimantan, TBI is a leading initiative in the province supporting timber concessionaries to attain SVLK and FSC certification. In addition GIZ Forclime and TNC are supporting the implementation of two model KPHs. The model KPH in Berau has completed its ten year management plan and is moving into the implementation phase. East Kalimantan is also an important area for forest conservation projects. There are a number of REDD+ conservation projects taking place, such as the Murung Raya Conservation & Sustainable Development Project lead by FFI and the Lesan Protection Forest Area lead by TNC.4 An important regional initiative is the HoB project which is coordinating the management of the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s protected areas and buffer zones through implementation of sustainable land practices at the community and commercial level. In Kutai Barat district, the HoB project is building the capacity of local institutions to better manage transboundary protected areas, develop ecotourism infrastructure and support the timber sector to implement SFM. TNC has been working in Berau district since 2007 and is currently supporting the development of a district wide approach to REDD+. After conducting a series of feasibility studies on this jurisdictional approach, TNC are now working extensively with communities to establish village forest concessions and are supporting communities to negotiate better terms with neighboring timber concessions on revenue sharing. This project has also engaged a series of timber concessions on SFM and FSC certification through the USAID funded RAFT project. In the palm oil sector, a few concessions have been certified by the RSPO and a number of companies operating in East Kalimantan have become members of the organization showing an emerging trend within the sector.

Projects have not been placed on the map, as the location data was not available

Figure 2: A map of existing REDD+ activities in East Kalimantan 15

High-potential interventions for Phase 2

In East Kalimantan, high-potential interventions have been identified in two distinct geographical and ecological regions; (1) Sustainable Forest Management and RIL in the northern highlands; and (2) Implementation of model KPHs in Berau and Kutai Barat. a. Sustainable Forest Management and RIL in the northern highlands Similar to Central Kalimantan, encouraging and enforcing the development of timber legality and SFM has the potential to deliver multiple REDD+ goals. Although SFM offers only moderate levels of carbon emissions reductions and additional carbon sequestration, the carbon gains across such a large area could be substantial. In addition certified concessions can result in the protection biodiversity and contribute to improved local economic development and job creation.5 There are a large number of natural forest concessions in the region and many are already working with the TBI or RAFT initiatives to implement SFM practices. These initiatives and partner organisations, such as TNC and WWF GFTN, have good technical skills and experience of working with concessionaires. These initiatives are supported by other ongoing and planned initiatives, such as the development of model KPHs. SFM and the reduction of illegal logging through the SVLK are clearly aligned with planned activities in East Kalimantanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s SRAP and RAD-GRK. Scaling up these existing initiatives can deliver REDD+ goals; however, this must be carried out in parallel to the SRAP activities that help create the necessary enabling conditions to accelerate SFM, such as improved mapping and enforcement of licensing and spatial planning. b. Model KPHs in Berau and Kutai Kartanegara/Kutai Barat KPHs present a promising opportunity to the combine the protection and sustainable utilization of forests over a large landscape. The KPH approach engages local government and communities in the design and implementation of forest management systems, thus increasing local ownership. This should provide an added incentive to manage forests sustainably, and has the potential to lead to reduce carbon emissions, conservation in biodiversity hotspots and localized, inclusive economic growth.6 The current model KPH projects in Berau and in Kutai Kartanegara/Kutai Barat, which are led by TNC and GIZ Forclime, are fairly advanced and have completed their 10-year management plans. Both organizations have been working in the region for over 5 years in close collaboration with local government stakeholders and have the technical capacity to scale up the implementation of these projects. Phase 2 REDD+ funding could be used to implement the 10-year management plans; however, this must be supported by complementary regulatory and institutional reform. For example, support is required to improve the demarcation and enforcement of project boundaries, licenses in KPH areas must be enforced and spatial planning can be improved with better forestry and socio economic data.

5 6

Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of SFM projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy. Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of KPH projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy.

2.3. Jambi Background      

Land area: 5.3 million haxiv Population: 3 million people (2010) xv Major economic sectors: Agriculture and mining Forestry cover: 4.9 million ha xvi Deforestation rate: 98,900 ha per years between 1990-2000xvii Drivers of deforestation: Conversion from forest to plantation (HPH, HTI), mining, forest fires, unplanned mosaic deforestation by small holders xviii

Overview of REDD+ policy

Jambi has developed and approved a RAD-GRK and a SRAP. A key theme to emerge from both of these documents is the need to reduce land tenure conflict between the agriculture, forestry and mining sectors. Both the SRAP and RAD-GRK support the creation of systems to mediate and resolve conflict in these sectors, for example, by increasing land tenure rights for communities through the implementation of forest co-management schemes, including community and village forests (hutan kemasyakaratan and hutan desa). Another critical intervention to resolve land tenure disputes is improved mapping and enforcement of spatial plans. The RAD-GRK has a significant focus on forest monitoring and patrols to ensure land use borders are respected. Similarly, the SRAP outlines activities that work with communities on participatory mapping to help establish community zone boundaries. The Jambi Government’s commitment to ensure tangible local community benefits are derived from REDD+ is highlighted by the series of project-level activities in the SRAP aimed at creating livelihood opportunities through the promotion of NTFPs and economic empowerment of communities around forest zones. Jambi’s forests have experienced high levels of degradation as a result of commercial logging activities. The SRAP and RAD-GRK both identify the importance of engaging with the private sector on the implementation of sustainable forest management practices, including reduced impact logging and assisting companies obtain SVLK and FSC certification. At a larger landscape level, the SRAP and the RAD- GRK aim to accelerate SFM through the implementation of KPHs, with the RAD-GRK setting a specific target of implementing two KPHs within the province. Given the scale of the carbon emissions released as a result of fires in the region, the SRAP and RAD-GRK outline activities to improve fire monitoring, early warning systems, capacity building to fight forest fires, awareness campaigns and enforcement of laws that prevent the use of fire as a land clearing tool. The RAD-GRK has a strong focus on project-level activities within the agricultural sector. There are a number of proposed projects that focus on farmer training and the dissemination of improved seed stocks with the goal of intensifying agriculture in order to reduce the pressure on forest areas due to farm expansion. The SRAP’s focus on the agriculture sector is limited to conflict resolution and governance reform within the palm oil sector. Underpinning all this is the establishment of the REDD+ laws and policies and the establishment of a strong provincial REDD+ commission. At the monitoring level, the RAD-GRK lists a series of activities that are designed to monitor and evaluate progress in forest conservation, while the SRAP also lists a number of activities aimed at developing a functioning MRV system.

Existing projects

Jambi has been an important province for many environmental organizations due to its high levels of biodiversity and endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger. As a result, international NGOs with technical capability in conservation projects are present in the region, and there is a network of local CSOs, organized under the umbrella organization named WARSI. Figure 3 shows the current location of existing project activities. The majority of donor and NGO activities have focused on securing community land tenure rights for forest areas and also the implementation of improved forest management through initiatives such as village forests and KPHs in buffer zones around the provinceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major national parks. In the western part of the province, a major REDD+ initiative is being spearheaded by WARSI and its partner organizations, which have developed 26 village forests (hutan desas) as a way to prevent commercial expansion of agriculture and forestry activities into upper highland forest areas. These village forest concessions (hutan desas) represent a large area of forest and are now moving towards implementation of management plans. These village forest areas (hutan desas) also border Kerenci National Park where groups like WARSI, AKAR, and FFI are working on community forest management and creation of alternative livelihoods through NTFPs and agroforestry. In the coastal region, the most significant project is the Berbak Carbon Initiative in the Berbak National Park and the surrounding buffer zone. Here the park administration and the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) are working to protect and conserve the national park. The project has already implemented environmental monitoring systems, forest patrols and engagement strategies with communities as well as timber companies in the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s buffer zone. The model KPHK surrounding the park has also been officially authorized for implementation. Similarly, forest rehabilitation and conservation are also being piloted at a large scale through the implementation of the Harapan ecosystem restoration project by Birdlife Indonesia.

Figure 3: A map of existing REDD+ activities in Jambi

High-potential interventions for Phase 2

In Jambi, high-potential interventions have been identified in two distinct geographical and ecological regions; (1) implementation of village forests and a KPHP in the western highlands of the province; (2) increased protection of Berbak National Park and implementation of KPHK and KPHL in the coastal region of the province. a. Village forests and KPHP in the western highlands of the province Batang Hari watershed, in the western highlands, is an important area for agriculture and water supply to the province. As such, continued support for the development and implementation of village forest management plans combined with the implementation of the KPHP system in the upper highlands offers the potential to deliver impact across the REDD+ goals. Implementation of KPHP has the potential to lead to moderate carbon emissions reductions and maintain carbon stocks, as well as protect species richness in areas of high biodiversity. The model is premised on the inclusion of communities in management and the development of localized enterprises resulting in new economic opportunities.7 Considerable work by WARSI and its partners has already been completed in 26 villages. The SRAP and RAD-GRK also clearly identify these project types as a key part of the provinceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall strategy on reducing conflict over land tenure. In addition, the respective district governments are supportive of village forest implementation. In the short term, support should be focused on supporting the development and implementation of village forest plans by working with WARSI and its partner organizations who have the capability to scale up current work. In parallel to this, it is important that efforts are focused on SRAP activities to support the development of regional spatial planning, creation of forest patrols, alternative livelihood development, NTFP market development and small-scale timber harvesting. b. Protection of Berbak National Park and KPHK and KPHL is the coastal region of the province The coastal forest region of Jambi is highly threatened by agriculture expansion and oil and gas facilities. Work is already underway to improve the protection efforts of the Berbak National Park and to implement KPHs in the surrounding buffer zone. The protection of the forest area has the potential to substantially reduce carbon emissions, maintain carbon stocks and protect important ecosystems and biodiversity.8 Although conservation activities are not expected to lead to substantial economic gains, the development of a KPH in the surrounding buffer zone can support the development of local enterprises and job creation as a result. The organisations working in the region, such as ZSL, have the relevant skills and capability to scale up the activities and the project is clearly aligned with the priorities of the provinceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s SRAP and RAD-GRK. Targeted funding to increase conservation activities in this area could have a direct impact on reducing emissions and achieving the other REDD+ goals. For example, increasing the number of patrols and monitoring, promoting income generating activities for local communities and increasing management of KPHK of concessions surrounding the park would all promote the sustainable management of the area. However, it is also important that SRAP activities aimed at promoting KPHs, community capacity building and empowerment, and clarification of tenure and spatial planning are supported. The project area is also severely affected by fires, so activities to improve capacity to prevent and fight forest fires are necessary and consistent with both Jambiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s RAD-GRK and SRAP.

Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of KPH projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy. Based on GGGI analysis of the potential impact of forest conservation projects on the four goals of the REDD+ National Strategy. 8

2.4. Aceh Background

 Land area: 5.7 million haxix  Population: 4.3 million of whom 86% live in rural areasxx  Major economic sectors: Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries (18% GDP), mining and quarrying, mainly oil and natural gas (11.6% GDP) services (11.5% GDP)xxi  Forest coverage: 3.3 million haxxii  Deforestation rate: 300 ha per year on average between 1996 -2012xxiii  Drivers of deforestation: Extensive farming and plantation, mining area expansionxxiv

Overview of REDD+ policy

Aceh is still in the process of developing its SRAP; however, the provincial government has completed its RAD-GRK. The RAD-GRK contains a broad mix of activities that address the legal and institutional underpinnings of REDD+ and project-level activities in both the forestry and agriculture sector. In the forestry sector, activities focus on improving the sustainable management and conservation of forests and peatlands. This will be achieved by developing a sustainable forest and peatland management plan for the province and also through forest rehabilitation within priority watersheds. Communities are also recognised as a critical stakeholder in the RAD-GRK and activities focus on building awareness of the importance of forest services, developing capacity to design and implement village forests (hutan desas), and supporting projects that provide alternative sources of income to communities around forest areas. Agriculture is an important sector in Aceh and the RAD-GRK contains activities that improve the enforcement of spatial planning and control land use permits in forests and peatlands. At the site level, activities aim to intensify the use of agricultural land and to develop crops (e.g. palm, cacao, rubber) on non-forest area or degraded APL area.

Existing projects

The forests of Aceh are an important area for biodiversity and this is recognized by donors, NGOs and CSOs, who have recently established projects that aim to conserve key ecosystems in the province. In Ulu Masen, FFI have been working with the provincial government to improve land use planning and reforest, restore and sustainably manage community logging on 750,000 ha of forest. In the Leuser Ecosystem Reserve, YLI has been working with communities in the area to raise awareness and enforce the boundaries of the reserve. Similarly, IFACS are working in the area to improve spatial planning, strategic environmental assessments and conduct GIS training for the local forestry department staff. In addition, IFACS have been supporting small-scale community initiatives to manage and restore community forest in a number of locations. There are a small number of projects focused on sustainable agriculture; however, these are general small-scale activities. For example, Swiss Contact is working with cacao growers in the landscape to improve incomes and reduce the potential need for expansion into forest areas. Also, FORPALA works with farmers to increase nutmeg production and improve the value chain of nutmeg oil and food products in Aceh Selatan. This project includes training on good practice for nutmeg cultivation systems, especially in integrated pest and disease management.

2.5. Central Sulawesi Background      

Land area: 27 million haxxv Population: 2.6 million people (2010)xxvi Major economic sectors: agriculture, mining, forestryxxvii Forestry cover: 4.3 million haxxviii Deforestation rate: Average 16,800 ha per year from 2000-2011xxix Drivers of deforestation: Extensive farming and plantation, mining area expansionxxx

Overview of REDD+ policy

Central Sulawesi is still in the process of developing its SRAP; however, the provincial government has completed its RAD-GRK. Within the agricultural sector a number of activities are identified in the RAD-GRK with the goal of reducing emission through the implementation of integrated pest management systems, use of organic fertilizer, and the development of improved irrigation systems. In addition, the RAD-GRK targets agricultural development of oil palm and cocoa on degraded APL land in order to avoid further forest clearance through agriculture expansion. The forestry sector is also an important intervention area in the RAD-GRK, which includes a target to establish 11 KPHs in the province as a way to reform the land governance systems. Another key forestry sector strategy in Central Sulawesi’s RAD-GRK is to provide support to HTIs in order to improve the productivity of the forestry industry and reduce pressure on the surrounding natural forests. At the community level, the RAD-GRK calls for support to community timber plantations (HTR) and alternative livelihoods within community forest systems (hutan kemasyakaratan). Under the RAD-GRK’s thematic focus on the forestry sector, there is also an emphasis on the rehabilitation of forest ecosystems that provide valuable environmental services along with important economic benefits. Specifically, the RAD-GRK targets environmental rehabilitation in former natural timber concessions, highland watersheds and coastal mangroves.

Existing projects

Central Sulawesi does not have a large number of ongoing REDD+ activities. However, there are a few key projects that cover large areas of natural forest and surrounding buffer zones where agricultural expansion is a key driver of deforestation. In the district of Donggala, TNC is implementing the Central Sulawesi Integrated Area Development and Conservation Project that is geared towards enhancing protection of Lore Lindu National Park and its buffer zone. This project is designed to, firstly, improve the socioeconomic welfare of villages surrounding the National Park so that they are economically independent from the park’s resources and, secondly, to protect the park’s biodiversity through the strengthening of park management. The two other documented REDD+-relevant projects in the province are two model KPHs projects that cover over 225,000 ha of production forest area. These KPHs have already been officially approved and are now entering into the implementation phase.

2.6. Papua Background      

Land area: 32 million haxxxi Population: 2.83 million people Major economic sectors: Mining, forestry, fishing, subsistence agriculture xxxii Forestry cover: 25 million ha xxxiii Deforestation rate: Average 53,000 ha per year from 2000 - 2009xxxiv Drivers of deforestation: Logging of primary forest to secondary forest, large scale plantation agriculture.

Overview of REDD+ policy

Papua has developed and approved both its RAD-GRK and SRAP. Given the large extent of remaining natural forest in Papua, the SRAP and RAD-GRK of Papua focus almost entirely on forestry and the reformation of the timber sector. Both documents target capacity building in the timber sector to support the implementation of best management practices in both timber plantations and the natural forest industries sector, for example, through the reduction of the annual allowable cut in concessions. Communities form an important focus of the SRAP and RAD-GRK activities for the province. Both refer to the development of community plantations (HTR) and small-scale timber harvesting and processing. The SRAP specifically calls for the promotion of community and village forestry initiatives (hutan kemasyakaratan and hutan desa) that work with farmers to implement agroforestry systems in areas previously used for shifting agriculture. In ex-logging concessions and critical watershed areas, activities are aimed at ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation. In addition, the RAD-GRK calls for the implementation of 56 KPH units in the province. Underpinning all of this is the development of an integrated spatial planning process that reduces land conversion. This cross-sectoral regulatory reform is a critical step in enabling the Papuan provincial government to effectively site activities to maximize economic benefits and mitigate forest conversion.

Existing projects

A number of donors and NGOs carry out activities in Papua aimed at protecting the high levels of biodiversity and endangered endemic species, as well as tackling the high levels of poverty. The IFACS project is currently conducting a range of activities in the Papua, including supporting districts to develop spatial plans and incorporate low emission development plans into their overall economic development planning process. This project also includes working with five timber concessions on the implementation of SFM practices. In addition, IFACS is supporting small-scale agricultural and community based forest management schemes. Similarly DFID have just begun a programme of work to support the Papuan government to develop and implement their provincial spatial plan in the province and develop a green fund to support local sustainable forestry enterprises. In the Cyclops mountain region, Norway is supporting a project focused on forest patrols and enforcement of anti-logging and animal trade laws, whilst USAID is supporting FFI to implement an integrated conservation and development project that generates revenue from carbon financing as a way to rehabilitate and protect the highland forest watershed area. In addition, IUCN has been working in the province to develop FPIC processes with local communities. 23

2.7. Riau Background      

Land area: 8.7 million haxxxv Population: 5.5 million people Major economic sectors: Petroleum, natural gas, rubber, palm oil and fiber plantationsxxxvi Forestry cover: 2.45 million haxxxvii Deforestation rate: 286,156 ha from 2005 to 2006xxxviii Drivers of deforestation: Expansion of palm oil and logging for paper production, peat firesxxxix

Overview of REDD+ policy

Riau has developed and approved its RAD-GRK and SRAP. Both the SRAP and RAD-GRK focus their activities on the rehabilitation, restoration and conservation of peat and non-peat areas. In particular, the SRAP focuses its activities on strengthening the capacity of institutions and stakeholders that manage forests, including communities and concessionaries. The SRAP proposes that this is achieved through a variety of legal and regulatory levers but the emphasis is placed on the implementation of the spatial plans (RTRWP/RTRWK), recognition and protection of tenure in community forest lands, improvements in the management and granting of licenses, and increased MRV. Underpinning all these is the establishment and operationalization of a provincial REDD+ institution with an accompanying MRV institution. At the project level, activities aim to restore and conserve peatland areas and prevent fires by restoring the hydrology of dried areas and replanting. In forested areas, activities are orientated towards improvements in the financial and technical capacity of concessionaires and communities to implement legality and SFM. In support of this, there are also activities that support the development of downstream industries to promote value add in the province, both in timber and palm oil sectors. The RAD-GRK places more emphasis on rehabilitation and restoration of the forest in degraded timber concessions. The SRAP also focusses on building community awareness and capacity to engage in forest management, primarily through training and establishing village institutions that manage the interaction with government, NGOs and the private sector. Additional activities aim to improve local economies in and around forests through, for example, recognizing community land tenure, identifying alternative sources of income and increasing productivity in community plantations (HTR).

Existing projects

There are a limited number of ongoing REDD+-relevant projects taking place in Riau. The focus of these projects is on peat and forest conservation. In particular, the Kampar Carbon Reserve Project in the east of Riau aims to work with various corporate stakeholders to protect and manage the remaining intact peat swamp forests in the region. APRIL and APP are two major corporate stakeholders in this project and APRIL has already obtained a license to manage an ecosystem restoration license. Two KPHs are being developed in the province, one in Tebing Tinggi and one in Tasik Besar Serkap. Both have been authorized by the provincial government, however, the level of implementation is not known at this time.

2.8. South Sumatra Background      

Land area: 9.1 million haxl Population: 7.4 million people xli Major economic sectors: Timber, oil, gas, coal, rubber, palm Forestry cover: 3.8 million haxlii Deforestation rate: 4.41% per year from 2006-2011xliii Drivers of deforestation: Agricultural expansion, forest fire, forest degradation from illegal logging xliv

Overview of REDD+ policy

South Sumatra has developed and approved its RAD-GRK and SRAP. Given the prominence of peat in the area as a carbon sink, many of the activities listed in the SRAP and the RAD-GRK are aimed at conserving peat forest and mangroves. In peatland areas, activities include improved hydrology and irrigation network management, wetland and forest rehabilitation, and forest fire prevention and implementing fire monitoring systems. Communities play an important role in the development of REDD+ in the province. The SRAP and RADGRK both highlight the importance of engaging communities on a range of activities, including tenure mapping, capacity building for community based forest management systems and establishing community forest management schemes that include village and community forests (hutan desa and hutan kemasyakaratan) and community plantations (HTR). The SRAP also has a strong theme of including stakeholders and includes numerous activities that are designed to increase participation and ensure that a broad range of stakeholders understand and accept REDD+ within the province. Legal and regulatory reform are highlighted in the SRAP with numerous activities listed that seek to reform laws and policies covering concession licensing, spatial planning and environmental law enforcement. Reducing emissions from agriculture is more prominent in the RAD-GRK, where activities are aimed at the production and use of organic fertilizers and methane capture from livestock, as well as increasing the capacity of small-holder farmers within the palm oil sector to implement best practice.

Existing projects

South Sumatra has not been a major target province for many environmental NGOs and therefore there are not many ongoing REDD+ projects in the province as compared to other REDD+ pilot provinces. With relevance to peat conservation, the main REDD+ demonstration activity in South Sumatra is the Merang Peat Conservation project, which was started by GIZ in 2008. The project has collected significant data on the project and developed a number of project design documents. In support of the province’s SRAP activities on community forestry, the province also has two model KPHs established covering over 300,000 ha of natural production forests. While these projects are still in the early development phase, KPH boundaries have been established and have received official authorization for establishment.

2.9. West Kalimantan Background      

Land area: 14.6 million haxlv Population: 4 million people (2004)xlvi Major economic sectors: Agriculture (palm plantation, rubber, paddy field, others), forestry, energy, transportation Forestry cover: 9.1 million haxlvii Deforestation rate: 76,610 ha per year average between 2000-2011xlviii Drivers of deforestation: Conversion of forest for agriculture, forest encroachment, economic development.xlix

Overview of REDD+ policy

West Kalimantan has developed and approved a RAD-GRK; however, it has not yet finished the process of developing its SRAP9. The RAD-GRK identifies a small number of emission reduction activities in the agricultural sector, including improvements to irrigation systems, use of fertilizers, general farming practices and a review and evaluation of the policies governing the sector. Forestry is also considered in the RAD-GRK with interventions supporting the rehabilitation and conservation of forest and peat swamp ecosystems. The goal is to increase forest cover in these areas combined with a review and evaluation of policies governing the forest sector.

Existing projects

There are a number of REDD+ projects taking place in West Kalimantan due to the strong presence of NGOs that have developed pilot projects that focus on protecting large blocks of peat swamp forest and orangutan habitat. FFI has been one of the biggest proponents of REDD+ in the province and has targeted two critical landscapes. The first covers the expansive peat belt area along the coast, beginning at Gunung Palung National Park and extending south of Ketapang to the Pematung Gadung peat belt. In this landscape FFI has worked on peat conservation with a palm oil concession and also a large-scale village forest (hutan desa) project in the Pematung Gadung peat forest. The other focus area for FFI is the Danau SiawanBelida Forest landscape, which also covers a large-scale peat swamp forest. A series of other local NGOs are implementing conservation programs in key National Park buffer zones funded by IFACS. At the district level, Ketapang and Kayong Utara have been selected as project landscapes within the USAID funded IFACS project due to the large presence of threatened peat forests. This project is working with local governments of these two landscapes to revise and enhance their spatial plans. In addition, IFACS is working with a number of palm oil companies and timber companies on the implementation of best practices that will increase productivity. The West Kalimantan government has also developed three model KPH for production forest as a way of improving overall management of the commercial timber concessions in the province. These KPHs have been formally authorized and boundaries have been delineated.

GGGI is aware that the West Kalimantan SRAP was completed in early December; however, this document was shared in time to be included in this version of the report.

2.10. West Papua Background      

Land area: 11.5 million hal Population: 760,422 people li Major economic sectors: Forestry and mining Forest cover: 9.7million halii Deforestation rate: 300,000 ha per year on average between 2009-2010liii Drivers of deforestation: Unsustainable timber harvesting and mining

Overview of REDD+ policy

The government of West Papua has already developed and approved a SRAP and is in the process of developing a RAD-GRK. The SRAP is heavily focused on the forestry sector as West Papua has a high percentage of remaining natural forest. Forestry sector activities in the SRAP cover legal and regulatory reforms, including reducing the annual allowable cut area of timber concessions to ensure more sustainable harvests and making concession license approval dependent on a company’s commitment to RIL. At the project level, the SRAP calls for engagement with concessionaires to implement RIL and rehabilitate degraded forest zones. Revising the spatial planning process and enforcing forest boundaries are also seen as priorities to achieve West Papua’s REDD+ strategy. At the community level, the SRAP seeks to assist communities in the development of community timber plantations (HTR). Furthermore, the SRAP lists a series of activities that will build the province’s capacity to implement REDD+ at the institutional level including developing a system of MRV, implementing FPIC, developing a benefit distribution system and increased support to the province’s REDD+ institutions.

Existing projects

The existing REDD+ projects in the province are focused on engagement of timber concessions that have been degraded and are therefore at risk of conversion due to the low remaining timber stocks. The West Papua Forest Carbon project managed by New Forest and Asia Pacific Carbon is targeting 16 concessions totaling over 1 million ha. Project activities include accessing carbon financing for rehabilitation activities and the implementation of sustainable forest management in active timber concessions. TBI is also working with three large-scale timber concessions to achieve SVLK and FSC certification for an area covering close to 300,000 ha of natural forest. In the district of Sorong, the province has established a large-scale KPHL that covers over 200,000 ha. There are limited projects focused on community forestry; however, IUCN is implementing a project with a strong community engagement focus. This involves developing FPIC processes for working with communities on establishing land tenure rights and promoting sustainable alternative livelihoods.

2.11. West Sumatra Background      

Land area: 4.2 million haliv Population: 4.8 million people (2010)lv Major economic sectors: Rubber, mining, forestry, agriculture Forestry cover: ~2.6 million Halvi Deforestation rate: 210,000 Ha per year on average between 2000-2010lvii Drivers of deforestation: Extensive forest clearing by large-scale extractive industries (timber minerals, palm oil, rubber, and coal), agriculture expansion.lviii

Overview of REDD+ policy

West Sumatra has developed and approved its RAD-GRK and SRAP. The province’s SRAP mainly focuses on creating the enabling conditions for future REDD+ institutions, building technical capacity of these institutions and creating a REDD+ MRV systems for the province. Community engagement is also a focus of West Sumatra’s SRAP with a focus on community based forest management schemes, such as village and community forests (hutan desa, hutan kemasyakaratan), and community plantations (HTR), which are seen as ways of improving forest management across the province. The RAD-GRK goes into significant detail outlining a number of activities that are designed to reduce emissions. One of the major focuses in the forestry sector is on engaging the private sector to implement best management practices, such as reduced impact logging. West Sumatra’s RAD-GRK also highlights the need for SFM certification to make the sector more sustainable. At the policy level, reducing the annual allowable cut is seen as a way to ensure sustainable harvesting practices, while forest rehabilitation in key watershed regions is also identified as a critical action. The agriculture sector is the other focus area of the RAD-GRK, which includes a number of activities to increase productivity through the use of organic fertilizer, improvements in irrigation, expansion into degraded lands and use of agroforestry systems that include livestock. Capacity building to small holder farmers is also included within interventions in the agriculture sector.

Existing projects

West Sumatra has not witnessed the high number of REDD+ pilot projects compared to other provinces in Sumatra like Jambi and Aceh. However, there a few important REDD+ activities that are taking place. The first is the long term Siberut Conservation Program that has been working in the Mentawai islands implementing an integrated approach to conservation that combines field research and community based conservation. The province has also established two large scale protection KPHL in the highlands totaling over 200,000 ha and a production forest KPH that covers 130,000 ha of natural forest area slated for timber concessions. The level of implementation is not known at this stage.

End notes i

Central Kalimantan, Governors Climate and Forests Task Force Knowledge Database [online] Avaliable at: www.gcftaskforce-database.org/stateoverview/centralkalimantan [Accessed 12 December 2013] ii Ibid iii Ibid iv Ibid v Ibid vi Ibid vii East Kalimantan, Governors Climate and Forests Task Force Knowledge Database [online] Avaliable at: <www.gcftaskforce-database.org/stateoverview/EastKalimantan [Accessed 12 December 2013] viii Ibid ix Ibid x Ibid xi Ibid xii Ibid xiii Ibid xiv Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK)for Jambi, page 6 xv BPS, taken from: http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site?id=1500000000&wilayah=Jambi xvi Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK)for Jambi, page 6, page 9 xvii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK)for Jambi, page 6, page 17 xviii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK)for Jambi, page 6, page 17 xix Aceh, Governors Climate and Forests Task Force Knowledge Database [online] Avaliable at:< www.gcftaskforce-database.org/stateoverview/Aceh>[Accessed 12 December 2013] xx Ibid xxi Ibid xxii Ibid xxiii Ibid xxiv Ibid xxv Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sulawesi Tengah, II-1, page 11 xxvi Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK), for Sulawesi Tengah,II-3 (page 13) xxvii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK), for Sulawesi Tengah , II-6 (page 16) xxviii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK), for Sulawesi Tengah ,III-16 (page 61) xxix Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK), for Sulawesi Tengah ,IV-5 (page 128) xxx Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK), for Sulawesi Tengah ,, III-75 (page 120) xxxi Potret Keadaaan Hutan Indonesia, 2000-2009, Forest Watch Indonesia, 2011, Available at: http://fwi.or.id/wpcontent/uploads/2013/02/PHKI_2000-2009_FWI_low-res.pdf> [Accessed 12th December 2013] xxxii Economy of Papua New Guinea, Wikipedia [online] Available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Papua_New_Guinea#Economy> [Accessed 12 December 2013] xxxiii Potret Keadaaan Hutan Indonesia, 2000-2009, Forest Watch Indonesia, 2011, Available at: http://fwi.or.id/wpcontent/uploads/2013/02/PHKI_2000-2009_FWI_low-res.pdf> [Accessed 12th December 2013] xxxiv Ibid xxxv WWF, Deforestation, Forest Degradation, Biodiversity Loss and CO2 Emissions in Riau, Sumara, Indonesia, (2008), WWF xxxvi Ibid xxxvii Ibid xxxviii Ibid xxxix Ibid xl Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Selatan, 4, page 22 xli Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Selatan, 10, page 28 xlii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Selatan, 14, page 32 xliii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Selatan, 63, page 81

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Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Selatan, 63, page 81 Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Kalimantan Barat RAD-GRK, II-1, Page 13 xlvi Papua Barat, Wikipedia [online] Available at < http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat> [Accessed 12 December 2013] xlvii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Kalimantan Barat, Page 19 xlviii Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Kalimantan Barat, II-31, Page 43 xlix Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Kalimantan Barat, II-29, Page 42 l Papua Barat, Wikipedia [online] Available at < http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat> [Accessed 12 December 2013] li Badan Pusat Statistik [Online] Available at: <http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php?kat=1&tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12&notab=1> [Accessed 12 December 2013] lii Kehutanan, Website Pemerintah Propinsi Papua Barat [Online} Available at <http://papuabaratprov.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=60> [Accessed on 12 December 2013] liii Omona, J, 2012, Deforestation rate in West Papua still ‘alarming’ says Greenpeace, Pacific Scoop, Available at < http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2012/08/deforestation-rate-in-west-papua-still-alarming-says-greenpeace/> [Accessed December 12th 2013] liv Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Barat, II-1, page19 lv Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Barat, II-1, page19 lvi Local Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for Sumatera Barat, II-3, page 21 lvii Margono BA, Turubanova S, Zhuravleva I, Potapov P, Tyukavina A, Baccini A, Goetz S, Hansen MC (2012) Mapping and monitoring deforestation and forest degradation in Sumatra (Indonesia) using Landsat time series data sets from 1990–2010. Environ Res Lett 7(3):034010 lviii Overview, Borneo and Sumatra, WWF [online] Available at: <http://worldwildlife.org/places/borneo-andsumatra> [Accessed 12th December 2013] xlv