LIGHTING PERSPECTIVE
LED LIGHTING CHAPTER 1 GREENLINECARE
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GREEN LINE CARE
Green Line Care as The Balance of Life that inspired the company name, doing for better environment, doing business with ethical and sharing with other people. This way is unpopular, far from the usual routes, where, during every wave of the sea, everything is renewed, continuously and forever. Green Line Care is a young and dynamic company, strongly oriented to the future, that proposes new trend concepts by the search of new solutions and the application for better life. Green Line Care strongly believes in environmental sustainability and LED technology: that’s the reason why the company is constantly researching new high-energy saving solutions.
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LIGHTING VALUES
Today’s modern life has ever more risks tied to pollution and the need to moderate the use of traditional energy sources. We need to be more and more vigilant when it comes to the environment. Lighting, therefore, has to contribute to energy savings and provide a solution to the rising costs of electricity, all the while yielding the same lighting efficiency as always. What exactly is light pollution? Basically, it is the dispersion of artificial light upwards and/or toward any direction that does not need light. Saving Energy is an issue that requires attention and dedication. As a testament to our devotion to energy savings, "-CO2 ReLighting" was born. This value's objective is light quality by using less energy, and therefore less CO2 emissions. To do this, We have choose fittings and lighting systems that use technology to contain the amount of energy that is used and therefore to reduce pollution: High efficiency lamps, high yield optics and electronic components that can connect networks with control systems in order to manage fittings. We can thus reduce energy requirements by using electricity in adequate quantities and only when it is truly needed.
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LIGHTING PHYLOSOPHY
We aren’t satisfied by simply supplying good lights. We want be the global green team developers of good lighting: light that shines in a room, a house, a building, a hotel, a museum, a mosque, a cathedral, a company, a plaza, an airport, and, yes... even an entire city. Good lighting has to be created with the awareness that it has to integrate with its environment, taking care not to invade it, darken it, or violate it. Light must be respected, and light has to, in turn, respect the nature of people and things. Our mission is therefore to study light, to know light and to make it known; improving the integration with architecture through industrial design. Because of this, a large part of what we do is to offer consultation on lighting techniques, both in the design phase, product support and as an aftersales service.
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LED PASSION
TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The selection process of LED products is complex and delicate. It takes attentive passion to choose a fitting that complies with requirements. Therefore we have involve at each step of the selection process in order to have fittings with high quality and high performance. TECHNOLOGY
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LED technology single-handedly takes on this role. At first used for signalling and indicator lighting, it has radically changed, becoming today’s “light of the future”. LEDs have innovative and advanced technical features, as well as a very small size, which allow the products to be inserted into any light fitting. LEDs are therefore the most effective alternative to traditional lamps (incandescent, fluorescent, and halogen) when lighting interiors and exterior public, industrial and private areas.
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Find designs optics in thermoplastic material Selects the best LEDs on the market Find the right partner for utilizes advanced technology for printed circuit boards Find designs dissipators, adapting thermo the different needs of industrial designers Find designs drivers to control the technical specifications of chip producers Use innovative software that is able to make control panels and LED management simple Offers highly functional accessories that create eclectic light direction, all the while respecting safety and visual comfort
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WHAT IS LIGHT ANYWAY?
Light can be defined as electromagnetic waves. Our conception of both light and colour refers to electromagnetic waves of a frequency that is visible to the human eye. Waves of other frequencies have no colour. Most are described by names which identify what they are used for. The entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves is called the electromagnetic spectrum. This spans seamlessly from the lowest energy, long waves, e.g. radiowaves, to the energy-rich, ultra-hard X-rays and gamma rays that come from a radioactive source. The visible light region occupies a very narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It corresponds to the wavelengths400 nm (violet) to 750 nm (red).
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09 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LED) (LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE)
ABOUT LED
LEDs are the ideal basis for creative ideas for lighting applications. Modern LEDs are semiconductor devices and are also called „light-emitting diodes“. They consist of mixed crystal semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) and paliumphosphid (GaP). The power supply of LED-(modules) is about matching LED power supply units with low voltage (SELV). LEDs convert these electrical energy into light energy. RGB stands for the colour RED - GREEN - BLUE (wavelength 430-655 nm). Out of these three basic colors it can be generated almost any colour. If RED, BLUE and GREEN are setted up to 100% brightness, the result is white. Modern RGB LEDs combine the three colors red, green and blue in a chip package, called the 3in1 RGB LED. Multiple applications: In the interior design for the direct and indirect lighting, background lighting in advertising, display cabinets and shelf lighting, for architectural lighting / object illumination, indoor and outdoor use, and many other fields CRI The colour rendering index is a measure of the consistency of the seen body colour with their appearance under the respective reference source of light. The lower the deviation, the better the colour reproduction. A light source with a CRI of 100 reproduces all colors in a very excellent way. The lower the CRI value the less the colors will be reproduced. CRI 90-100 excellent colour properties, CRI 80-90 good colour properties, CRI 70-80 medium colour properties
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INCL. DRIVER (12V/24V) The lamp contains a driver that the current limit of the LED is guaranteed. This lamp must be operated with an additional power supply unit. LED POWER SUPPLY With a LED power supply you can operate lamps with constant current. Connections: Primary 230V/AC; Secondary mA/DC (constant)
STANDARD MEASUREMENT
FLUX; Abbreviation: Phi; Unit: lm - lumen The luminous flux describes amount of light in all directions emitted by a light source. The luminous flux is not measured, but from the measurements of light intensity and geometry information the spread is calculated. ILLUMINATION; Abbreviations: E; Unit: lx - lux Is a measure of the emerging light on a surface. The unit is lux (latin for light). It decreases with the distance to the source of light. Information about the required illuminance can be found in the standards (eg EN 12464, „Lighting of work places“). STRENGTH OF LIGHT; Abbreviations: I; Unit: cd - candela A source emits light with different intensity in the individual directions. The radiated luminous flux in a certain direction is called luminous intensity (unit: candela; Latin for candle). Data is presented on the light intensity distribution curve (LDC). LUMINANCE unit: cd/m2 Is a measure of the brightness impression the eye has of a illuminated area. Depending on the degree of reflection
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DEGREE OF PROTECTION
The resistance offered by the fixture to the penetration of solids and liquids is indicated by the IP prefix (International Protection) followed by two numbers. The first number identifies the degree of protection against the ingress of solids and the second number against liquids.
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Reduced maintenance and long lamp life
Wide range of colour temperatures: • Neutral white (4200K) • Warm white (3100K) • Cool white (6700K
RGB dynamic colour control
Low temperature
Energy Saving and Environment Friendly
Clean light, because LEDs have no IR or UV components
Use of LEDs allow for very small light fittings
Excellent operation at low and high temperatures
High chromatic saturation
LED PLUS
Performance An LED (“Light Emitting Diode”) has low energy consumption and high potential yield. Produced and built without interior filaments (which are more fragile and subject to rupture), or mobile parts, LEDs ensure a longer life and more dependability comparedto other lamps.Via special devices (chips) it is possible to insert and manage a largenumber of LEDs in one fitting at the same time (even different coloured LEDs). This guarantees maximum customization and management of light and colour to create beautiful light scenery.
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COLOUR TEMPERATURE
LUMINOUS COLOUR/COLOUR TEMPERATURE The colour of light is defined in Kelvin (K). The lower the Kelvin, the “warmer” the light – from yellow to orange tored. The higher the Kelvin, the “cooler” (bluish-looking) the light. The colour temperature of a light source is the temperature at which a material, e.g. a lamp filament or a fire’s glow, arouses the same colour impression as theactual light source. 1°C = 274K 2700°C = 2973K
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LED LUMINAIRE BINNINGS
BINNINGS: DIFFERENT „WHITE SHADES“ OF LEDS White high-performance LEDs are subject to production tolerances as a result of tiny parameter fluctuations. To ensure uniformity, the LEDs are classified according to their color and level of efficiency. Accordingly, those with similar values are binned together. The closer the tolerances, the higher the quality of systems consisting of more than one LED. It is not yet possible to manufacture a specific color temperature with a small tolerance.
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LED COLORS Warm White 2600-2700K
Warm White 3000-3100K
Natural White 4500-4600K
Cool White 5900-6000K
RGB
RED On Request
BLUE On Request
GREEN On Request
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LIGHTING SYMBOL
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Photometric
LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION
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Photometric
LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION
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PHOTOMETRIC POLAR DIAGRAM
Represents the distribution of luminous Intensities on the transversal (C0째-180째 continuous line curve) and longitudinal (C90째-270째 outlined curve) planes with respect to the lamp.
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PHOTOMETRIC LIGHT CONE Indicates average and maximum illumination values of light emission measured on the horizontal sections located at different distances from the fixture. Should the section be circular, d is its diameter. Should the section be elliptical, d1 and d2 are its relevant axes. For light sources equipped with reflectors, Imax, Em, and Emax are absolute values and do not refer to 1000 lumen. While for all other light sources, the values refer to 1000 lumen. The values d1 and d2 are calculated with respect to Emax/2
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PHOTOMETRIC FLUX CODE A series of five CIE standardized values which identify the flux distribution of the fixture. The first three numbers indicate the flux contained in cones with vertical axis identified by solid angles of steradian p/2, p,3/2p, respectively. These values are expressed as a percentage of the flux contained in the steradian solid angle of 2p which identifies the lower hemisphere. The fourth number represents the ratio between the flux emitted in the lower hemisphere and the total flux emitted by the fitting. The fifth number corresponds to the normal output (nL) of the fitting.
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MONOCHROMATIC LED Neutral white (4200K)
Warm white (3100K)
Monochromatic LED The state-of-the-art technology combined with different colour temperatures ensures flexibility in lighting directions. The use of warm and neutral light (cool light on demand) exalts the beauty of different materials: gold, silver and precious stones.
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LED RGB
LED RGB The RGB LED technology is the ideal solution for the lighting requirements of retail and wellness spaces that require suggestive chromatic effects and brilliant plays of light to exalt details and arouse multiple sensations. The use of RGB LED's ensures bright saturated colours that create dynamic colour scenes with dedicated light control systems
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BIODYNAMIC LED
Biodynamic LED Natural light has a deep influence on the individuals inhabiting the space. By changing the colour temperatures Biodynamic LED reproduces the spectrum of sunlight for beneficial effects on human beings. Used in museum and retail areas, it valorises objects and details, stimulating the observer's attention. The colour temperature range from cold (5400K) to warm (3400K) values allows for modulating the light according to the objects to illuminate.
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HOW WE WORK, GREEN GLOBAL TEAM Material Synthetic Sapphire Gallium Indium Silicon Carbide Aluminum Epoxy Resin Copper Glass Plastic
Components LED Chip
LED Manufacture, Billion Dollars Industries
Sources Partnership and Free Market
GREEN LINE CARE
work in green area
Bond Wire Connectors Driver Epoxy resin encapsulant Optics (lens) PCB Reflector cup
Sources USA, Germany, Japan, Taiwan Local, China Local, China, Taiwan CDM Local, Taiwan Singapore, Local Germany, France, Taiwan CDM Local, Taiwan CDM Local, China, Taiwan CDM Complete Design Manufacture
Final Technology Partner Product Design Assembly Green Certificate Certification Fixtures System and Control Logistic
Sources Germany, Japan,Taiwan Local, Europe Local, Taiwan Switzerland Local, International Local, Europe Local, Germany, Taiwan Local, Singapore, Hongkong
Key Factors
Strategic Alliance
technology sources, research and development, local assembly, transfer knowledge, complete design manufacture, partnership
SAVING ENERGY, COST AND ENVIRONMENT
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Calculation Base Line I0 h/day, 3650 h/year, 100 pcs Energy Cost IDR 1000/ kWh
Lighting Type
Incandescent
Compact Fluorescents
LED
Contains TOXIC Mercury
NO
YES, contains 1mg-5mg
NO
Energy Used in Watt
60
Energy Used for 100 bulbs
21.900 kWh/year
Energy Cost in KWh per year
Rp. 21.900.000.-
Rp.5.110.000,-
Rp.2.555.000,-
CO2 EMISSIONS
17.520 kg CO2/year
4088 kg CO2/year
2044 kg CO2/year
CO2 Calculation Index for "life cycle analysis" of CO2 emissions for various methods of powering an electrical generator.. These numbers are in grams per kWh. Coal = 800 to 1050, Natural gas (combined cycle) = 430 (average), Photovolta誰c solar = 60 to 150, Wind Power = 3 to 22 (source : www. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#)
14 5.110 kWh/year
7 2.555 kWh/year
Effects of Mercury on the Environment One teaspoon of mercury can contaminate a 8 ha lake. Forever. Each year, an estimated 600 million fluorescent lamps are disposed of in U.S. landfills amounting to 13.600 kgs of mercury waste.* The mercury from one fluorescent bulb can pollute 22.700 liters of water beyond safe drinking levels.* www.lightbulbrecycling.com
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LIGHTING APPLICATION ICON