DARSENA Impact of regulation and control
Team: Marco Costigliola Paola Calanni Rindina Riccardo Meloni Emma Arlanda Ceren Cagli Gurkan Guney Fiorella Nataly Medina
818300 816419 814521 836028 822593 813927 816273
AREA.
Darsena was used to be outside of the Spanish walls and Porta Ticinese was separating this area from rest of the city. A famous Milanese expression had been mentioning “te varet una cicca” while Porta Ticinese referred as Porta Cicca. The image of this area has been changed and now Navigli is well known for its night life attractions. As part of Expo 2015 Darsena is one of the changing visions of Milano. 2
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
RESEARCH QUESTION. How regulation influenced the changes in the uses of the neighbourhood? We would like to understand through our research which formal and informal rules affected the changes in: the uses of housing, public spaces, night life and mobility.
3
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
METHODOLOGY. 1. Researches. planning documents (PRG, PGT); researches in literature (books, papers) and newspapers. 2. Observations. personal background and knowledge; inhabitants assembly. 3. Interviews. business owners, inhabitants and visitors.
4
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
INDEX.
01
HOUSING.
PUBLIC SPACES.
03
NIGHT LIFE. MOBILITY.
5
02 04
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
01
6
HOUSING.
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
1. HOUSING.
1992 END OF THE LAW
EQUO CANONE 7
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
1. HOUSING.
1979
The end of Darsena’s industrial harbor.
First, Darsena was a harbour used to bring the material during the construction of the Duomo. Then it becomes a touristic harbour and in the last century the border side was used as an illegal parking, except on Saturday, day of Fiera di Sinigaglia.
8
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
1. HOUSING.
1979
The end of Darsena’s industrial harbor.
1992
End of the law Equo Canone.
Introduced in Italy in 1978 by the law n.392, it refers to a rental control that fix rental rates according to general parameters like the type of property or the floor level. The rental price is not thus left to the free trading.
9
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
1. HOUSING.
“Once this process of ‘gentrification’ starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character of the district is changed “ R. Glass, 1964, London
EFFECTS. 1. Gentrification: change of social profile, increase of the housing rental price 2. Change of housing functions.
10
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
PUBLIC SPACES.
11
02
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
2002 COLONNE S. LORENZO BECOME
PEDESTRIAN 12
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
1980
Municipal planning (PRG).
Opening of the national and regional law on the complex program of urban requalification*.
*C. Morelli, Milano la grande transformazione urbana, 2005, Universale Architettura 163, p.75 Screen shot of the PGT, Municipality of Milan, 2012
13
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
1980 1986
Municipal planning (PRG).
Moving tramline outside Colonne S. Lorenzo. Through a national contest on the area of Colonne San Lorenzo, the municipality tried to improve the monumental elements, to reshape the road network and the public transportation, to defense and support the residential function and to restructure the commercial and artisanal activities.
14
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
1980 1986
Municipal planning (PRG).
Moving tramline outside Colonne S. Lorenzo.
2004
Project of parking plot in Darsena. To regulate the illegal parking situation, in 2004 the municipality of Milan launched a new parking plot project that has been abandoned after the discovery of a former Spanish wall on the construction site.
15
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
1980 1986
Municipal planning (PRG).
Moving tramline outside Colonne S. Lorenzo.
2004
Project of parking plot in Darsena.
2010
Security installation.
In March 2011, the security systems have been reinforced in the area of Porta Ticinese and Colonne San Lorenzo with 416 local police patrols and the installation of video surveillance. 16
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
1980 1986
Municipal planning (PRG).
Moving tramline outside Colonne S. Lorenzo.
2004
Project of parking plot in Darsena.
2010 2012 17
Security installation.
ZTL and pedestralization. CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES. FEEDBACK FROM INTERVIEWS. “New housing projects, new residential areas have been built and those developments have just taken away “Navigli Image” which was more characteristic and smaller (scale) before [...] There used to be local markets all over Milano but today they do not exist anymore and those kinds of changes are destroying the image of the city and losses sense of neighbourhood” Maria. G, 70 years old, living in Darsena since 37 years.
EFFECTS. Increment of the rental price, change of the frequentation, change of the activities nature, ...: Gentrification. Link to paper: Zukin, The city that lost its soul. Tom Slater, Gentrification of the city.
18
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES.
Second hand market p.ta Genova
Navigli antique market
19
Stranavigli
Every last Sunday of the month, except July, more than 400 stalls displaying their wares made of antiques, bric-Ă - brac and other collectibles.
Casual events.
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
2. PUBLIC SPACES. Navigli Design District is the new ‘container’ promoted by Navigli Lombardi to host large collective events in conjunction with the Salone Internazionale del Mobile. In particular, the locations will be made on the fleet of barges floating.
Design week. 20
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
03
21
NIGHT LIFE.
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
1996 BEGINNING OF THE CONCEPT OF
APERITIVO 22
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
1996
Beginning of the concept of Aperitivo.
A few years after the redevelopment of the Colonne of S. Lorenzo, used exclusively by young people, was born in Piazza Vetra, the idea of aperitivo in a well-known local MIlan, the Coquetel. The aperitivo in Milan became a real trendy phenomenon, especially during the weekends.
23
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
1996
Beginning of the concept of Aperitivo.
2011, ordinance ad hoc anti night life sure time of the bars at 12.00 pm.
that determines the clo-
2012-2013, extension of the time closure at 2:00 pm. 2010-14, ordinance that forbid to bring out drinks in
glasses after 21.00, in order to “protect the citizens and the areas affected by the massive presence of young people�.
Formal/ Informal initiative with the support
of the AMSA, that is in charge of the cleaning every night at 2:00 pm.
24
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
1996 2011
Beginning of the concept of Aperitivo.
Regulation and control of the night life.
2014
Years of deregulation.
Preservation of some already ends laws as informal rules. Debate about the kind of regulation should be applied.
25
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
FEEDBACK FROM INTERVIEWS. “Navigli was used to be an elegant nightlife area and visitors were generally artists, celebrities but it became more touristic and also inhabitant’s profiles have been changed. Now youth population is more visible.” Maria. G 70 years old The role of the pedestrialization in the changes of night flow, impacted Naviglio Pavese and Naviglio Grande. notes from interview with M. Berteramo,41, restaurant owner.
26
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
3. NIGHT LIFE.
Colonne di San lorenzo night life
During the weekends Navigli zone is one of the most famous area for night life in Milan. Navigli night life
27
Night Flow. CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
MOBILITY.
28
04
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
REDUCING THE USE OF CARS IN
CITY CENTRE 29
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY. Reducing the use of cars. Since the 1980’s, the European intents of law recommends policies in support of the reduction of car uses. Since the 2000’s it is more related to the limitation in the city centre. In this sense Milan starts to develop restricted traffic areas and using congestion charges policies in order to control the flow of mobility road.
30
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY. Reducing the use of cars.
2012
System of night bus.
Based on the increase of young people related to the “movida”, the municipality introduces the system of night bus (linked with ATM) based on the MM2 trail.
31
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY. Reducing the use of cars.
2012 2013
System of night bus.
Mobility through the Darsena Project.
In conjunction with the Expo of 2015, the municipality of Milan proposes a new project for the redevelopment of the area of the dock, changing the structure of the place and also the mobility plan.
32
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
BRIEF ANALYSIS.
33
01
2013
Overview.
02
2014
1st phase.
03
2014
2nd phase.
04
2015
Soon.
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
2013
01
Overview. Mobility of the Darsena.
Mobility by tram Mobility by car
34
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
2014
02
Mobility by car Mobility for resident Construction site 35
1st phase. From March 2014 to October 2014.
Closing access to the Piazza XXIV Maggio streets: Via Gorizia and Via Manusardi. In the corso San Gottardo transit is allowed towards Via Col di Lana and vice versa. In the street Scoglio di Quarto transit-way is allowed only to residents towards Piazza XXIV Maggio. CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
2014
03
Mobility by car
2nd phase. From October 2014 to February 2015.
Reopening access to the Piazza XXIV Maggio from Corso San Gottardo, Viale Gorizia and Viale Col di Lana.
Construction site
36
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY.
2015
04
Soon. the new Piazza XXIV Maggio and the new mobility.
Mobility by car Mobility by tram Darsena project finished 37
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
4. MOBILITY. FEEDBACK FROM INTERVIEWS. The loss of visibility during the construction site especially for the owners of the new market exacerbates the crisis atmosphere and the drop of the market, also because of the changes in the habits of the consumers. But they still have high expectations from the Darsena project. From the interview with the sellers inside the new market in Piazza XXIV Maggio
Is this project really made for the current inhabitants, shop owners, users of this area? Questions and thinking from the discussion with Prof. Novak.
38
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
CONCLUSION. We are trying to show in which way this particular neighbourhood had been impacted by these different kind of regulations, from different political levels, on different fields or with different aims. From the analysis of the former area through its particular image, Darsena has for sure received an urban regeneration. It is interesting to note that there were here a multi scale process of gentrification, gathering together public actors and the private actors. Compare to the current project, these elements altogether raise the questions of the aim of the Darsena project. Our main impression is that this project is a theatrical production of the city in order to make the city an attractive good. All of this brings us to examine the role of the political institution, especially in a critical attitude towards effects and impacts of gentrification.
39
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES
Thank you for your attention.
40
CONTEMPORARY CITY: SOCIAL CHANGE AND POLICIES