Guyana Chronicle E-Paper 08-09-2024

Entrepreneurship and Empowerment

One woman shares her story of challenges and change

September 08, 2024

Entrepreneur and mother Akeila (Japheth Savory Photo)

Children of Baby A Powerful portrait of Guyanese creativity

By Shaniya Harding

A CAST of vibrant young Guyanese took to the National Cultural Centre stage in what can only be described as a masterful display of homegrown talent. Under the direction of talented actor and director Nickose Layne, the play, ‘Children of Baby’ by exceptional Guyanese playwright Mosa Telford came to life with an added touch of uniqueness, vibrancy, and raw talent. The production showcased some of the nation’s greatest actors, writers, and dramatists, with Layne at the helm.

Viewers were struck by the bold creativity from the very start, with the pounding, immersive sounds of masquerade. ‘Children of Baby’ was inspired by a traumatic part of Guyana’s past: The ‘Baby Arthur’ killings in Buxton in 1994. The play delved deep into the aftermath of the tragedy, looking indepth at the theme of trauma, its long-lasting impact, and the role the community plays in healing.

What is ‘Children of Baby’?

For those who have not read the play, you should; it is a fantastic piece of literary work that inspired the stage production. One of the best things about ‘Children of Baby’ is its ability to continuously captivate the audience as it follows a community still grappling with the aftermath of tragedy.

The play primarily follows a family whose members are all victims of ‘Baby’ in one way or another. The character ‘Madalla’, played by Shereese Vandyke in the beginning, and then by Kimberly Samuels-Harry as ‘Old Madalla’. The

character takes on the ever-significant role of the mother. Traumatised by her own experience of Baby’s rampage, she becomes the caretaker for two children, also victims of the event.

Actress Latiefa Agard, who played the role of Angel, was a central figure throughout the play. Under Madalla’s care, Angel is raised with the impact the experience has had on the village of Buxton. Similarly, Damien, played by Kevin Kellman, is also a product of the events of 1994. Like Angel, he grapples with the wounds of the past inflicted on him as a child. Speaking to the Pepperpot Magazine, Agard stated, “Angel is the impact and aftermath of the killings. Her character is centred around identity crisis, trauma, and relationship issues with her parents and loved ones. She focuses on how society can change, and how something so devastating can affect someone’s personal life onwards.”

Shereese Vandyke with child actor Kareem Jabar as young Damien

The play and its actors bravely tackle a variety of difficult themes, portraying the physical representation of addiction in the form of the enchanting white lady, played by 16-year-old Justine Hamer. This role aims to show just how much control an addiction can have over someone. The play also brought some young actors and actresses to the stage, with names like Mark-Luke Edwards as Micheal, and Frederick Minty as ‘Baby’, alongside well-known talents like Iyanna Waddel and Tashandra Inniss as part of the production team.

A Talk with the Director

Actor and director of the stage adaptation, Nickose Layne, fell in love with Mosa Telford’s play even before the written work was completed. A project that has been a goal for Nickose for more than five years, ‘Children of Baby’ had a mere four weeks to be brought to life. Backed by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport, it was a major production put together in a month. As Nickose stated, “I took on the project, and it has been uphill since. My cast is amazing.”

SEE PAGE XII

Mark-Luke Edwards alongside Tchaiko Rodney in the opening moments of the play (Shaniece Bamfield Photos)

Gavin and Chucky

By Shaniya Harding

Guyanese creatives continue to take the nation’s name to the world stage. The most recent of these trailblazers are the award-winning duo ‘Gavin and Chucky’. Group members Gavin Mendonca and Marlon ‘Chucky’ Adams, both notable names and ambitious artists in their own right, have embarked on a musical journey aimed at showing a different side to Guyanese music, with the slogan “Folk Up De Place.” Now, the duo face the biggest opportunity of their careers - they have been proudly announced as Official Showcase Performers at ‘Your Roots Are Showing’ - Ireland’s Folk Music Conference scheduled for January 15-19, 2025, in Killarney, Ireland.

‘Your Roots Are Showing’ is an impressive conference that gathers folk/world music professionals from around the globe for networking opportunities, workshops, seminars, showcase performances, and jamming sessions. From musicians to festival directors, labels to radio hosts, it’s the ultimate place for artists to showcase

Guyanese Musicians taking Folk music

their musical products to key figures in the international World Music industry.

Who are Gavin and Chucky?

The dynamic duo formed in 2015 when they first met at the Rupununi Music and Arts Festival. Since then, they have worked to perfect their unique blend of Creole Rock sounds.

Gavin grew up in what he describes as a “very loving family” in Georgetown. He attended Bishops High School and later studied Computer Science at the University of Guyana, graduating with an Associate Degree in Chemistry. “I grew up as an active member of the St. Stanislaus College Scout Group, which instilled sturdy values and taught me many life skills,” he shared.

Marlon ‘Chucky’ Adams grew up in Buxton and has been an integral part of the community as the leader of the Buxton Fusion Drumming School. There, Chucky teaches youth in Buxton and surrounding areas the history of drumming in Guyana and the art form passed down directly from their African ancestors. “My family runs an African Spiritual Church in Buxton, a special place

to Ireland

where the entire community gathers to celebrate life and happiness,” he explained.

Musical Roots

Chucky has been playing the djembe drum since childhood, growing up in a spiritual church and taking part in Kweh Kweh sessions.

He is truly a master of the five ‘hands’ or drum patterns popular in Guyana and the region.

Gavin got into music later in life, acquiring his first guitar in 2010 after starting university. He quickly taught himself to play, joined a punk rock band, and later started playing bass with the local heavy metal band ‘Feed The Flames’. “Being in a rock band in Guyana forced me to develop skills such as organizing shows, marketing and promoting events, recording and engineering music, and

live sound,” Gavin explained.

The duo motivate each other as well. As Gavin shared, “Chucky helped inspire me to maintain identity through music, and together we started to blend our unique influences to produce something that has never been heard before in Guyana - the way we fuse folk songs, traditional rhythms and textures, with punk rock and more contemporary approaches to music.”

‘Folk it Up’ After developing their

chemistry as musicians, Gavin and Chucky naturally conceived the idea of ‘Folk it Up’. Their goal was to learn and perform as many folk songs as possible, contributing to the preservation of Guyanese folk music.

In 2019, the duo began meeting at The Courtyard Mall on Robb Street every Friday at noon to jam for hours, entertaining passersby. They decided to record their work, partnering with Kross

Gavin and Chucky have been selected as Guyana’s official representatives for ‘Your Roots Are Showing’ - Ireland’s Folk Music Conference.

Gavin Mendonca and Marlon ‘Chucky’ Adamsare performing and recording a virtual performance

Gavin and Chucky recording in Iwokrama Forest in 2023

Waiakabra A community celebrating unity

By Shaniya Harding.

Waiakabra comes from an Amerindian word, which means ‘getting together.’ Whether by accident or design, this completely and perfectly captures the essence of the community. A beautiful tapestry of people and cultures, Waiakabra is home to a diverse mix of residents, all with unique beginnings and stories. A few of the community’s women sat down to talk about motherhood, community development, and what they love about their home.

Becoming a part of Waiakabra.

Coming from Santa Mission on the banks of the Demerara River, Roxanne Defraits is one of Waiakabra’s first residents, living in the community for more than thirty years. Her move was a sacrifice made for her children. After having an impressive twelve children in Santa Mission, Roxanne left the riverine community, so her eldest daughter could pursue an education. As she explained, “I grew up in Santa Mission, had my children there and everything. But I left because my eldest daughter wanted to study nursing.”

However, the family faced challenges upon moving to the community. As Roxanne explained, life in the village was not that different from Santa Mission at first. Some 20 years later, she began to see subtle changes and then big changes in the community. She recalls, “When we first came here, it was just trees. We had no light or water. Twenty years after, I started to see things happen; we got light and then water.” Although there were challenges, Roxanne said she stayed because of her family. “I have seen a lot of development in the thirty years I

have been here. Some people come and go, and some have the faith to hold on.”

Roxanne has become a significant part of Waiakabra. Now in its fourth year, Waiakabra’s heritage celebration continues to garner great support, with women like Roxanne at the forefront.

As she explained, heritage has always been a vital part of the community. This year is no different, and Roxanne plans to be part of the festivities with her signature food and drinks, leaving her mark on the heritage and the community.

Community development and creativity.

A newcomer to the community, Aliyah Kellman was born in the village of Rockstone. However, most of her childhood and schooling took place in Waiakabra. The community made for a wonderful childhood, said Aliyah, exploring the vast area with its blackwater creek and neighbouring fruit trees. As she stated, “My early days in Waiakabra were nice. My friends and I would go to play at the creek and all over. The village did not have all these houses and people.”

nities, and chances, Waiakabra has seen an increase in its population. With the introduction of multiple developmental projects and others in the pipeline, people continue to come to Waiakabra.

The village has also begun emphasisingthe development of creativity among its people. This creativity comes on full display during the exciting heritage celebrations. Home to vibrant dancers and skilled basket weavers, the community’s true artistic nature shines when this mix of people showcases their talent in September. As Aliyah shared, “Heritage is a nice time in the community; people come out, and we have dancers who perform and tell stories.”

Waiakabra’s heritage celebration.

There are quite a few things that led twenty-oneyear-old Melissa Persaud to Waiakabra, a far way from home for the young mother

After falling in love with the community, Melissa decided to start a family of her own and settled down in Waiakabra. She explained that there were challenges in the beginning, but over the last few years, the quality of life in Waiakabra has changed for the better. As she stated, “At first, it was a bit hard, doing without some things. But there have been changes and improvements. The village just needs one or two things, like street lights. But other than that, Waiakabra is a nice place to live.”

Waiakabra’s heritage celebration and activities are special to Melissa. Normally occurring around her birthday, Melissa takes the day to connect with the community and herself. Most times, she would find herself sampling the top dishes and drinks present at the event, with cassava bread, pepperpot, and “piwari” being the front runners.

In recent years, however, the population has been on a constant rise. With more people seeking jobs, opportu-

who was born and raised in Region Three. As she explained, “I recently came here to live. I am from La Grange Independence Street in the West Bank of Demerara.” She shared that her family came to the community because of her mother, who is from the region. As she stated, “We, my family, came here because my mother is from this side. I came here and finished school.”

Waiakabra is a community that has managed to not only create a people-centred environment but has kept it that way. The village continues to develop as more people learn about this hidden gem. As a month of celebrating Guyana’s people takes off, Waiakabra teaches us that it is important to celebrate as one.

Roxanne Defraits (Japheth Savory Photos)

Waiakabra’s ITC hub and building

From Roberts Bush to Waiakabra

By Shaniya Harding.

Waiakabra is an Amerindian community that blurs the lines between what is considered indigenous in the best way possible. Home to a diverse mix of people, the Amerindian settlement is a beautiful blend of men and women from regions one through ten. Today, the community boasts an estimated population of 300 men, women, and children. Originally called Roberts’s Bush, the word “Waiakabra” means ‘getting together’. As the village prepares to celebrate Amerindian Heritage Month on September 21st, they are showing the rest of Guyana what it means to unite, regardless of differences.

Ann Mohanlall, a native of Region One, was born and raised in a little village called Hosororo in the Barima-Waini region of Guyana. Now a treasure of a community many miles away from her home, Ann explains that her family, like so many others, came to the village seeking new opportunities. Recounting her early experiences in the community, she said, “My parents, they were looking for work like 25 years ago. Because it’s not how it is today, it was very hard finding work in Region 1.”

After a change of luck, Ann’s father found work as a security guard, launching the beginning of the family’s new life. Waiakabra was then a small squatting area trying to find and develop itself, much like most of the families who now call the community home. As Ann stated, Waiakabra was once home to more trees than houses. “Then, it was a home to like 35 houses. With bush, with a lot of bushes. It was just tracks and not main roads.”

Regaining and redefining culture

Coming a long way: Community Development

Just like its people, Waiakabra has developed and carved a new path for itself. Founded on diversity, with families from all around the country, the village grappled with numerous challenges in its early years. Basic necessities were scarce, with most villagers getting water from the nearby Waiakabra lake. Today, this is no longer the case. The village now has electricity and its own well, which are simple changes that have had a profound impact on the quality of life for Waiakabra’s people. Ann shared, “The development in Waiakabra has been good in the last few years. At first, we had to fetch water, and now we have our own well. We have had electricity for almost seven years now.”

One of the biggest achievements for the community has been attaining land

leases. Ann explains that this has been a significant goal for the village for many years and has opened countless opportunities for its people.

“We are regularised except

an ICT hub, which facilitates classes for the community’s young people, and there are plans to develop a bakery.

A cultural melting pot:

The people of Waiakabra

The people of Waiakabra are undoubtedly what makes the village stand out among its counterparts. While it’s an Amerindian community, Waiakabra is still proud of its vibrant diversity. “Waiakabrais an Amerindian community, but it’s also a mixed community,” Ann stated. This melting pot of people has given the community its own unique blend of cultures, where every cultural holiday is celebrated boldly among the mix of traditions, and Heritage is no different. Ann added, “Heritage is celebrated by everybody. It’s by everybody, and our Heritage is the 21st of this month.”

However, this unity goes beyond the bounds of tradition. The community bands together in challenging times as well. Ann shared, “We have that unity. We do have that love. If somebody dies or some accident or something, everybody is there in a second. The whole Waiakabra is there in a second. If we have something, when we do self-

help, everybody comes outcooperating with everybody.”

The diverse population of Waiakabra is not a new occurrence, as Ann explains. The village’s vibrant mix of cultures has been integral to its formation and identity.

“Everybody is actually mixed from the beginning. In this community, we have East Indian, Portuguese, and Amerindian. That’s how we get all the mixed races to come down. And then other persons, they go to other villages and then marry.”

Waiakabra stands as a bright and welcoming example that showcases the importance of community unity. As Ann shared, “We love Waiakabra because it’s very quiet. The only time you hear a lot of music is if there is an event going on. I would love people to know about Waiakabra.” Indeed, this diverse and harmonious village serves as a testament to what can be achieved when people come together, regardless of their backgrounds.

for one plot. That would be Block 80. They’re not regularised as yet. Most of us already have our leases. That’s a big accomplishment. It’s a big accomplishment that we can go to the banks. We can do this, and we can do that. It’s something that we own now.” This sense of ownership extends beyond land titles. Waiakabra now houses

Ann Mohanlall (Japheth Savory Photos)

A group of women from Waiakabra.

Entrepreneurship and Empowerment

One woman shares her story of challenges and change

By Shaniya Harding.

Finding one’s path can be difficult, whether as a community seeking to carve its own roots, a family trying to find their place, or a woman finding herself outside of a relationship. Akeila Defraits is an entrepreneur, mother, and inspiration to all. The mother of two has been the proprietor of a business for the last three years. Although it’s not been entirely smooth sailing, she says her challenges are worth it for her independence and peace of mind.

Today, Waiakabra fits beautifully into the colourful Linden landscape; this was not always the case, however. A few decades ago, life in the community left much to be desired. Without electricity and running water apart from the creek, many people did not see Waiakabra as a good choice for settling down. As Akeila explained, “The highway was very small, like a one-way at the time. And after that, the village developed little by little. I remember when we got our well, so many people started coming and squatting and squatting and squatting.”

This was the beginning of a community legacy unlike any other. As people from all around the country came to Waiakabra, they all left their mark on the village’s culture and traditions. One of the underlying characteristics of the community is the hardworking nature of its people. Although still grappling with a few challenges, the people of Waiakabra are striving to create better lives for themselves. As Akeila told the Pepperpot Magazine, “From that time to now, we have, you know, we have improved. Everybody is struggling here to build a life, to be comfortable.”

This determination to be better is what has fuelled Akeila’s business as well.

After leaving her husband a few years ago, she was determined to craft a life for herself outside of her marriage. This, she said, was a pivotal moment in her life and changed the way she viewed herself as a woman. As she stated, “I was married before. And me and my husband separated. And that thing used to keep me down as a woman. I thought I was not prepared to go out there and work.”

Her initial fears were overshadowed by her need to provide for both herself and

prepared to go. They don’t work. And that’s what keeps them in abusive relationships.”

Akeila encourages women to fight whatever inhibitions they may have because it’s always for the better in the long run. Outlining her own experience, Akeila says she is proud of herself and her accomplishments. She is amazed at just how far she has come. As she said, “I have never regretted leaving my husband. Because a day like today, I have my own home. I have everything. And he has to come now and look at me. And say to himself, all those negative thoughts he was thinking about me.”

Offering a bit of advice from her own inspiring journey, Akeila says the key to moving forward in a situation like hers is confidence and the understanding that although it may be hard, you can accomplish anything. As she stated, “When you are so confident it helps a whole lot. You don’t have to say, well, you are the beautiful. You know you are beautiful. But you are not saying you are the best or whatever. But you know you are beautiful within. You are confident about

positive within your brain, that is what’s going to work for you.” She further added, “I’m here three years now. It’s been really good. Challenging, but good because I’ve improved a lot.”

Currently, Akeila’s Grocery is one of Waiakabra’s hot spots and has become a pillar of the community. Because of the population, Akeila says that improvements in tourism would give all of the village’s businesses a big boost. As she explained, “It’s a small community. So you wouldn’t find much business done on a more higher level. Maybe if more people come to the community and visit or they come to stay at the resort.” There are not many things that the community is without, says Akeila. But a school or health center would be greatly appreciated. “A nice little health centre would be nice in here. The whole school and everything in here. A nice little school for the nursery children,” she stated.

For Akeila, coming a long way is an understatement. She has worked to completely reinvent herself. Coming from her childhood home and then into marriage, a job did not seem

her daughters. She explained that this initial fear of being on her own for the first time is what a lot of women feel and what can keep them in abusive relationships. As she shared, “Another thing why women be in abusive relationships. Because they tell themselves they can’t make it out there. And they’re not

that. So confidence beats all.”

Even three years down the road, after starting a business and life of her own, Akeila says she stays positive and continues to make the best out of life, regardless of the challenges. As she stated, “I am living my life. I’m not saying I’m the best, but I’m working. Once you’re

to be in the cards for her. Today, she has her own home, can provide for her children and has a growing business. This, she says, is what motivates her to keep moving forward. “I just feel so powerful within my own self. And so highly motivated. And so inspired by myself.”

Entrepreneur and mother Akeila

A street in Waiakabra (Japheth Savory Photos)

Home away from home in Waiakabra A newcomer’s experience in the community

By Shaniya Harding

Villages are unique, each with its own blend of people, places, and cultures. It’s rare for someone to feel at home in a village hundreds of miles from their birthplace. Yet, Weslui Jacobs says he feels right at home in Waiakabra. A native of the picturesque township of Lethem, Weslui finds life in Waiakabra as peaceful as he expected.

Ideal Road marks the beginning of the Linden-Soesdyke highway and the end of Timehri. Home to a vast variety of trees and animals, Waiakabra is quite different from Weslui’s savannah home in Lethem. As he stated, “Lethem is savannah next to the river. And the place is much, much hotter than this.”

At just twenty-four years old, Weslui has spent most of his life in Lethem and Brazil. He was born and raised in a community just outside the township, a small village that made for humble beginnings. “I grew up in a village. It’s not that far from Lethemsix hours by driving. The village’s name is Tipuru,” Weslui shared.

Tipuru gave Weslui a very ‘adventurous’ childhood, but it also presented a few chal-

lenges. Despite the financial struggles his family faced at the time, Weslui said his childhood was a happy one, giving him countless good experiences and memories. He reflected, “School was good. It was much better without internet and electronic stuff. You would enjoy yourself, play with friends, and have adventures.”

Work was hard to come by in Weslui’s early years. He began seeking employment earlier than most, finding his first taste of the working world in neighbouring Brazil. Living so close to the border, Brazil seemed closer and offered many more opportunities to the young Weslui. Arriving in Brazil was a significant shift for him. He explained, “In Brazil, you go looking for opportunities. At home, in the village, you don’t find opportunities. I went to Brazil and spent like a year there. I did construction work when I was 16 or 17.”

But his ambition came at a cost. Like Guyana, Brazil has strict age requirements for work. In a desperate attempt to provide for himself and his family back home, Weslui lied about his age. Working various construction jobs around the Por -

tuguese-speaking country, Weslui kept his true age hidden for a number of years. “In Brazil, they only allow 18 and up for construction work, so I faked my age,” he admitted. After about a year, Weslui returned home, now older and on Guyana’s soil, seeing a chance to start over.

Upon returning to Guyana, Weslui took the opportunity to reconnect with his family and faith. He moved back to his grandmother’s house, where he worked any job he could and ran errands. “When I came back to Lethem, I helped my grandmother. She had a nice, big place, so I would clean up for her and run some errands,” he shared. Weslui’s luck changed, however, when he got the chance to move to Waiakabra. The opportunity came through his church when he was asked to manage a local resort in Waiakabra. He explained, “I used to go to church and help the priests with anything. They employed me as a caretaker in the next compound.”

Before coming to Waiakabra, Weslui admitted that he knew very little about the resort and even less about the community. Today, he sees the community as a home

away from home; its tranquillity and friendly people remind him of life on the outskirts of Lethem. “Waiakabra is peaceful, unlike Lethem,

where you see a lot of people. Here, it’s peaceful, and I feel at home because there are a lot of Amerindian people in this community as well,” he stated.

Now at the forefront of the village’s tourism sector, Weslui says he enjoys the work he does. Helping people experience the beauty of the community has inspired him to do something similar when he returns home to Tipuru.

For now, however, Weslui’s main priority is his family. He shared, “I’m planning to go back to Lethem, not now, maybe in the next ten years.

I have my children here, and they have to go to school.”

Weslui says that his wife and children are, in many ways, the joy of his life.

Fatherhood has taught him

responsibility, an experience he says he needed. He shared proudly, “The first one is six years old, the second is two years, and the last one is a few months old. Fatherhood makes you more responsible for them and for yourself. I’m happy with them. And my wife is a good woman.”

Before moving to Waiakabra, Weslui had never heard of the community; today, he can’t imagine his life without it. He shared contentedly, “I like the work that I do here. It’s a good place and a good life.” This quiet community, known by very few, is the place where Weslui says he has had countless experiences and a world of opportunities.

Weslui Jacobs(Japheth Savory Photos)

Exploring 1763 ‘Blood On The River’ with Author Marjolein Kars

I WAS invited and aware of this author’s visit and the event at the Theatre Guild. However, based on some advice from a colleague who also intended to be at the Guild, I was confused by the new arrangements. However, it was rectified and neutralised; circumstances interrupted, and I didn’t make that tremendous rendezvous. Nevertheless, I had witnessed an active YouTube presentation the previous evening, which I enjoyed very much. I’d bought Marjoleine Kars’ book, ‘Blood on the River’ from Austin’s Book Services about two years ago.

The subject of Kofi’s revolution has been a constant subject for many years, as it should be with every Guyanese. Berbice preceded most of the known revolutions in the Americas, and it was not a mere slave rebellion; it was a revolution that revolved around the military quest for separate recognition of nationhood, along with social and commercial agreed ordinances.

That this book was from a Dutch author was more than significant. The accepted norm was that most of the information about the Berbice Revolution was destroyed when the Germans bombed the Dutch capital, Amsterdam, at the onslaught of WWII, and the Marine Museum was said to have been destroyed. But I have since learnt that many records remained within the hold of families and other private institutions.

When I wrote the tropical Gothic folk story, ‘Legend of the Silk Cotton Tree’, the 1763 Revolution was the active backdrop. The first book that came into my hand was ‘Revolution to Republic’ by my foster grandfather, P.H. DALY, 1970, which I’d had for years. But it was not a historical record of 1763; it was more a record of our national evolution, through struggle. So, I turned to the second-hand booksellers, De Younge of Bourda Market, and a popular second-hand bookseller at the northern entrance of Stabroek Market. But it was Ovid Holder of the then Universal Bookstore who helped me out with an offer. He had bought a book collection from the wife of a top legal public servant who had passed.

I bought some of those books that included

several issues- of the Journal of the British Guyana Museum and Zoo that were pointed out to me, including ‘The Story of the Slave Rebellion in Berbice etc; translated by Walter E. Roth, B.A. This proved effective enough for detailed storytelling. Local Historians followed. But Madam Kars’s book was not going to be passed. This lady had no Queen or Church to preview what she wrote, as many other past writers would have been subject to.

The 1763 Revolution in philosophy contained ‘The Legend of the Silk Cotton Tree’ that included a Warlock of Dutch origin. To this, I would have liked to have some clarification on whether there was a stipulation to the nature of religious conduct required of Dutch planters. The Netherlands was a place that free thinkers headed for in the 17th & 18th Centuries. Would a character like the Warlock have been able to own a plantation in Berbice? Because all the folklore concerning the hidden Dutch wealth of precious metals I have explored began with dreams of Dutch visitations, perhaps there’s a mood that invites such harsh fantasies. I extend considerable thanks to the initiative for bringing that author, and initiating such a discussion among our young people, especially.

When wisely deployed, oil revenues will propel Guyana to First-World status

REVISITING THE TOPIC OF MANGROVES

THIS column will again touch on Mangroves because of its importance historically, socially and economically.

When the Dutch colonisers first visited Guyana in the 17th century, they observed that Mangroves were growing along the entire coast, in some parts so thick that they could be considered mangrove forests.

FIRST World status is the kind of society to which countries in Europe and North America have evolved. In such societies, the economic and social well-being of the population is well taken care of.

The Dutch first settled on the coast and utilised the mangrove as a convenient and easy source of wood for house building, fires for cooking, and even for making boats and rafts. Only when they had cut down large stretches of mangrove and the sea had begun to come up on the land did they understand the importance of mangroves as an effective defence against the sea and flooding. They held up to their mangrove depletion, and to avoid the threat of constant flood-

ing, they began to move their settlements to the river banks towards the end of the 18th century. In 1815, when Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice finally ceded to Britain, they were united in 1831 to form the colony of British Guiana.

Poverty has been eliminated, and the State provides for the educational, health and other social amenities

The British developed their colony much faster than the Dutch. Like the Dutch, they empoldered their agricultural land and built sea defences, but it was only in the 20th century, with the growth of Ecological Studies and a deeper understanding of the environment, that the full importance of mangroves came to be grasped.

required by the population.

Though this motto identifies the most important function of mangroves, that is to guard against the flooding by the sea and tidal waves and make the soil less fertile when it would have been impregnated with salt; other positives emanate from mangroves.

revenues are too small for any meaningful individual distribution, and secondly, there are examples of countries coming into great wealth and, after using it, finding themselves as poor as before.

The United Nations recognised the importance of mangroves by declaring a Mangrove Day each year with a relevant motto. In this year 2024, the motto is “Mangroves matter. Safeguarding our Coastal Guardians for tomorrow”.

The economies are productive, and the working population are employed. Law and Order pervade everywhere, and one’s life, property and safety are secure. Human rights such as democracy and freedom of speech and assembly are practised and promoted by such societies. All undeveloped and developing countries, such as Guyana, are striving to achieve First World-type societies.

Having enough wealth to fund such societies is a prerequisite for achieving them. The development of the oil industry has been one of the quickest ways of earning the vast sums needed to fund the advent of such societies. Four years ago, Guyana suddenly found itself among the oil producers, and unlike most Third World countries, which have found themselves suddenly being able to enter the corridors of great wealth, there was no wild celebration or euphoria among Guyanese. Several foreign journalists had made their way to Guyana to report on how the unsophisticated natives were celebrating, only to find normality, and Guyanese people going about their business in the usual way. This disappointment incensed several of these journalists, who were reduced to reporting what a backward and unsanitary place Georgetown was, but there was no Guyanese riposte to these false insults.

Instead, Guyanese have been debating how best to deploy their oil revenues, and the first side of the debate has advocated the very attractive proposition that the bulk of the revenues be distributed to every citizen after putting aside a small amount for savings. It was felt that wealth was there for the unrestrained enjoyment and use of the population. There are, however, two inhibitory factors that would delay such rapid wealth distribution. The first is that at this time, the oil

Mangroves provide a home for bees as well as feeding grounds since a large number of flowering plants grow among the mangroves. When hives are established in the vicinity, they provide bountiful honey supplies. Consumers much value mangrove honey.

Suriname, when it became independent, was given a “golden handshake” of a billion dollars by a former colonial power, the Netherlands. Suriname used the money to buy consumer goods of every kind, even confectionery. And people from Guyana and other Caribbean countries went to Suriname to shop. Suriname was, in the times of the “golden handshake”, a pleasant place to live. But after a few years, the money was exhausted, and Suriname returned to its poor condition. The advocates of distribution feel that it should be done as soon as enough oil revenues accumulate.

Mangroves are a carbon sink and enhance Guyana’s efforts against climate change. They provide a livelihood for many coastal communities, one food resource being the varieties of fish that live among the mangroves. They are an ecotourism attraction with the rich biodiversity that mangrove forests offer, and the Guyana Tourism Authority and the Ministry of Agriculture are cooperating in this development. Mangrove restoration and preservation support several sustainable development goals (SDGs), to the degree that Guyana is seriously committed to achieving them.

Mining, and was regarded as a developing country. With the discovery of oil, Venezuela suddenly came into great wealth and the standard of living of a large part of the population was elevated. Since Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world, it was felt that Venezuela would continue to grow wealthier and wealthier, and both the population and government turned away from the industries that once supported the country, and focused completely on oil.

At the recent function of unveiling the plaque at the Kingston Seawall Esplanade in commemoration of International Mangrove Day 2024, the Minister of Agriculture summarised the importance and impact of Mangroves: “Mangroves are our coastal guardians, vital to Guyana’s environmental and economic health”, he said, “they act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and surges, protecting our communities and infrastructure. With over 23,000 hectares of Mangroves, they support fisheries, livelihoods, and food security and provide habitats for diverse wildlife… Mangroves are important in sequestering carbon, enhancing efforts against climate change as outlined in Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030”.

The other side of the debate advocates that the oil revenues are essentially capital to be used for economic and social development, which the country has always denied. Further, money was to be used to generate wealth, and major consumption should only be financed from the wealth generated. The doctrine of the “Resource Curse” and the “Dutch Disease” whereby newly oil-rich countries neglect their old industries and focus wholly on oil and enjoy great prosperity which may last for a prolonged period, creating the illusion of permanency until the day of reckoning arrives, and for one of many reasons, the illusion of permanency is shattered. These reasons may include a decrease in resources, a fall in world prices, or sanctions limiting exports caused by war or strained diplomatic relations. This doctrine dovetails into the first proposition on this side of the debate.

The State has developed a 10-year National Mangrove Action Plan and an Inter-Agency Committee dedicated to promoting sustainable Mangrove management, and over 500 hectares of mangrove have been restored. Since 2010, over $1.9 billion has been invested in mangrove preservation and restoration, and regular injections of money are expected to be made as required. For example, $275 million has been allocated this year to rehabilitation initiatives in Regions Two and Five.

The socialist government of President Chavez was confident that Venezuela would always be wealthy, and he nationalised the American-owned-and-managed oil companies. The skilled expatriate staff left the industry, and corruption became widespread. This, together with the growth of authoritarian governance and the eschewing of democracy, caused the United States to impose sanctions, and Venezuela’s exports and oil revenues were reduced to a fraction of what they once were. Poverty and hunger became widespread, and a quarter of the population fled the country, and Venezuela, from being the richest country in South America, became the poorest. The Amerindian population, which was neglected and exploited as labourers, especially in the building industry, now became desperately poor.

The example of Venezuela could be used to support this side of the debate: Venezuela, before the discovery of oil, lived on Agriculture and

Guyana has resisted the glitz of conspicuous consumption, and is investing the revenues in programmes and projects that will continue to grow socially and economically, finally achieving First World standards. Such programmes include the construction of roads and bridges interconnecting the whole country, and facilitating the movement of goods, services and people. Large investments are being made to give the population land and housSEE PAGE XV

Our Air: A Call for Collective Action on Air Quality

Air is the “ocean” we breathe, providing us with oxygen essential for life. However, human activities release pollutants into the air, causing significant harm to humans, plants, and animals. According to the United Nations, air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk of our time, with 99% of the global population breathing polluted air. It exacerbates climate change, causes economic losses, and reduces agricultural productivity.

Air pollution, which manifests in various forms such as smog, acid rain, global warming, and ozone layer depletion, is responsible for many of the environmental problems we face today. These issues have serious implications for human health and well-being. Polluted air affects everyone, as harmful substances like smoke, dust, fumes, and toxic gases enter the atmosphere. Once airborne, these pollutants pose a significant risk to life on Earth.

To combat air pollution, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented the Environmental Protection (Air Quality) Regulations (2000). These regulations aim to address and control air pollution, ensuring that atmospheric pollutants remain within allowable levels that do not endanger the health of people, animals, or the environment.

Ensuring Good Air Quality

Although air quality is a critical issue, it is often invisible. Ground-level ozone and particulate matter can trigger a range of health problems, including asthma attacks, and can even damage crops. Ensuring good air quality requires effort at both individual and collective levels. Simple actions such as proper ventilation, using energy-efficient appliances, and planting trees can significantly improve air quality.

The EPA plays a vital role in ensuring that pollutants released by human activities do not exceed safe levels. According to the Environmental Protection (Air Quality) Regulations 2000, any facility emitting air pollutants must register with the Agency and apply for an Environmental Authorization. Unauthorised emissions are prohibited, and businesses are required to submit a list of contaminants they produce, which the EPA monitors to minimise environmental and public exposure.

A Global Responsibility

Air pollution knows no borders; it affects all living beings. That is why the United Nations declared September 7 as the “International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies” to raise awareness and encourage action at all levels to improve air quality.

Everyone has a role to play in protecting our atmosphere and ensuring healthy air for all. Governments, corporations, and civil soci-

ety must collaborate and invest in reducing air pollution. By working together, we can achieve transformative change and create a healthier environment for future generations.

This International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies, let’s all pledge to #InvestInCleanAirNow and contribute to a safer, cleaner world.

You can share your ideas and questions by sending letters to: “Our Earth, Our Environment”, C/O Communications Department, Environmental Protection Agency, Ganges Street, Sophia, GEORGETOWN, or email us at communications@epaguyana.org. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram, and subscribe to our YouTube channel.

FROM PAGE II

Children of...

In an incredibly entertaining manner, ‘Children of Baby’ creates a journey for viewers that takes place over several years, beginning with phenomenal acting that brings the intensity of the tragedy to life. Talking about this, Director Nickose shares, “The play goes through decades; the timeline of the play is decades long. It talks about how trauma is passed down, and how it lives with us. Even if the people who have inflicted the trauma might have died, it is passed on. We look at how trauma lives with us and affects people who

may not have experienced the primary source of trauma.”

There is something unique about seeing words on a page brought to life. This is exactly what Nickose aimed to do, with minor changes to preserve originality. He interpreted certain aspects of the play, still keeping close to the Guyanese theme, while adding just a bit more vibrancy to the stories. As he stated, “I interpreted the play. I think we are doing the play very close to what Mosa wrote. But what is written is just what is written; a play is not a production. There are a lot

Latiefa Agard ‘Angel’ alongside Kevin Kellman as ‘Damien’ central characters to the play

Shereese Vandyke as ‘Young Madalla’

A dramatic and moving scene in the play showing the aftermath of Baby’s massacre

SEE PAGE XIII

of liberties that a director has. One of the things that I saw in the play that was not

there, but I saw it, was masquerade. It was so clear to me; masquerade was clearly

an element to me.”

The best part of plays like ‘Children of Baby’ is the

Children of...

FROM PAGE XII

fact that it is Guyanese, from its writing to its production. It is something to be proud of as a people, and to be reminded of how important it is to support each other, which is what ‘Children of Baby’ strives to do. As Nickose shared, “I want people to leave with the understanding that community is very important, and even when we feel as though somebody has nothing to offer in society, that person still has a lot to offer. I want people to understand that our responsibility is to ourselves, and to each other as well. I always say people need people. I want people to know that they have a part to play.”

‘Children of Baby’ stands as a testament to the power of Guyanese storytelling. Through its compelling narrative and stellar performances, the play not only entertains, but also challenges its audience to reflect on the enduring impact of trauma and the healing power of unity.

Frederick Minty is the title character and the play’s antagonist, Baby

When wisely deployed, oil revenues...

FROM PAGE X

es; hospitals are being upgraded, and new modern hospitals are being constructed in the Hinterland; schools and educational institutions are being built and upgraded in every part of the country; thousands of free Online degree programmes are stimulating higher education, and the University of Guyana is upgrading its programmes, and introducing new and relevant ones; and the Law-enforcing authorities are being reequipped and strengthened so that citizens and their property would enjoy greater security. Electricity is being made available by the supply of solar energy, and information technology, including computers, is becoming widespread in the Hinterland regions.

The present industries are being expanded and made more productive. Agriculture, for example, the country’s biggest and most widespread industry, which employs a majority of the workforce, has embarked on a revolution. New crops are being introduced to satisfy domestic needs and with export potential, such as maise and soya and various spices, and even millet and tropical wheat are being successfully grown on an experimental scale. Rice production is increasing, and the export market is growing. The sugar industry is being revived and modernised and is fully satisfying local needs.

The poultry and livestock industries are being upgraded by the import of American species of poultry and the introduction of Barbados Black Belly sheep and Holstein bulls and sperm.

The Gas to Energy project, whereby gas from the oil wells would be converted into electricity to be sold at half the present price and also be transformed into liquid gas for domestic use. The foundation is being laid for a strong and competitive manufacturing sector, and several new industries are awaiting the advent of cheap power to be launched, for example, glass and bottle manufacturing industries.

A focused and serious effort is being made to bring justice to the Amerindian community as the “First People” and billions of dollars have been transferred to their villages to assist in their development and to permit them to enjoy the same social amenities and economic opportunities as the Coastal Regions.

This side of the debate has taken a page out of the book of the First Side, which advocates wholesale distribution of oil revenues by making limited distributions. Other suggestions include transfers to social welfare such as increases in Old Age pensions, NIS pensions, personal financial grants to the entire adult population from time to time, financial grants to

all school children for uniforms and equipment, provision of school meals, and grants to assist citizens in meeting their electricity and water consumption costs. These grants and transfers are meant to improve the quality of life and standard of living steadily and are not as noticeable as the wholesale distribution advocated by the First Side of the debate.

The population would eventually have to decide whether they wish to have the oil revenues distributed for immediate use as the very popular rhumba song once advised: “Enjoy yourself, it’s later than you think, the years go by as quickly as a wink. Enjoy yourself, enjoy yourself or whether they would use the funds as development capital for the non-oil sectors while at the same time allocating funds for the social sectors such as Health, Education, pensions and periodic modest grants to the population so that the country keeps developing three-dimensionally, though almost imperceptibly and without glitz, until in four or five years it achieves First World Standard. The country has already embarked upon this second course, and the discerning are beginning to see some achievement.

BLACK CROWS FLYING

THE NATIVE BEAUTY AND THE BEAST

SHE stood at the water’s edge, her torn dress swirling around her legs, a lone figure shrouded in the shadows of the night. A foreboding silence hung over the beach as the tamed wind gently lifted the dark tresses of hair falling over her face. A pretty face it was, streaked with sand and dry tears.

How, then, did evil interrupt her life?

No one had an answer.

ly grieving family, who just couldn’t process the fact that she was no more in their lives.

In Memory of the young girls’ lives lost in the Mahdia tragedy of May 2023

A young girl in pain, alone, at the beach in the dead of the night.

What happened to her?

NIGHT time - dark and mysterious, the soft whispering of the wind and sounds of the jungle; nature undisturbed. The native girl standing on the fringe of the reservation closed her eyes, breathing in the cool, fresh air, her mind embracing all she loved so much, the natural beauty and serenity of this place she called home in the hinterland.

All the media houses carried the story, and shock rippled through her community and the nation. The boys who had given her a ride home were held for questioning, but they all stated that they knew nothing.

They told stories of their adventures, their work and yields, and, of course, stories of superstition and mysteries. Ann Marie, being the village’s heroine for her bravery and courage, always had some kind of adventure to relate, but tonight she just listened, fascinated by this one story of the beast. The villagers were divided in their beliefs, some thinking it was not real, but for those who believed, the story lived on.

Their story was that she had received a phone call on the

The deep, haunting look in her eyes, the ashen face and colourless lips told a story of something cold.

“Ann Marie.”

Her friends were calling her, for the end-of- the-week feast was just beginning. It was a night when the villagers gathered around a bonfire, drinking, eating and being merry.

Hushed were the wind and water as something bad unfolded the night before on the sandy beach. No one heard her cries, her pleas on the deserted beach and when they were gone, a young body was left on the sand, helpless and broken.

no footprints in the sand, for late that night the pain had ebbed away like the tide, and one last tear trickled from her eyes as she took her last breath.

friends, whom I trusted to take me home.”

shed no more tears, but she was not going into the light, not now. It was not her time. She did not have to die, not that way. Not for someone who revered God and had good values. She was a classical dancer and a teacher, recognised for her talent and as an educator, it was all wrong, her death.

friends, Aruna and Preity, that night after the cultural pro gramme, but a late change of plans by them to go out with their boyfriends caused her to ride home instead with two male friends she knew very well. The other two boys she had met only once at a wedding reception, but they seemed like nice guys. On the way home, she had a bottle of fruit drink, and a slight drowsiness overcame her, which she thought was tiredness, but it must have been something else. She became dazed and did not notice the detour on the lonely road to the beach that would be deserted at that hour.

nising cries.

are my God. I believed in you. Where were you when I cried for help?”

bent. There was no place in the world for her anymore.

their little girl.”

early the next morning. She stood there, unseen in her spiritual form, watching as the police cordoned off the area and can vassed the scene for clues. Word spread, and a crowd gathered, shocked and angry that such a horrible thing had happened to a decent young girl.

words, sank to his knees and broke down, crying as he looked at her lifeless body.

voice breaking, “Why…why God? Why, my little girl?”

yet come home, her phone turned off, and her mother experi enced a deep feeling of dread, her father, brother and cousins had begun searching until daylight.

mother, who was waiting at home battling her fears? for the child she had brought into this world, a blessing from

‘It had been a dark night, like it was tonight, and the Toshao’s son, a brave young man who was an ace hunter, was returning back with a small hunting party after three days in the jungle. It had been a very dry season, and the animals had moved away in search of water. The hunting party had not

On the day of her funeral, she went back home in her spiritual form to comfort her family and to confront her killers. They would be in attendance, she knew, amongst the huge turnout of mourners.

All her friends were there, those who were true, who had regrets. She saw their tears, heard their shocked whispers as prayers and songs eulogized her life. She stood amongst her family, holding her mother’s and father’s hands, hugging her brother and sister, wiping their tears.

found much game, and then as though luck had crossed their paths, they came upon a deer and doe drinking from a small pool of water. The hunters froze in their tracks and the Toshao’s son signaled that he would take the shot. He knew not then that it was a spirit of the jungle that took many animal forms, so he shot the doe. The spirit, angry and grieved at the death of its mate, struck the young hunter with a bolt of lightning, changing him into a hideous creature, saying:

But they were not aware of her presence. Her mother, though, seemed to sense something and whispered, “Aryana?”

The family turned to look at her mother, and she broke down crying, “She’s here with us. My baby is here.”

The father hugged her, helping her to stay strong as the highly emotional services paid tribute to their young daughter’s life and honouring her departed soul to guide her on her final journey.

A cynical smile played on Aryana’s lips as the viewing began, and she whispered, “It’s showtime.”

Aruna and Preity just couldn’t stop crying. Such were their regrets for leaving her that night, but the fury burning in Aryana could not forgive them, so she threw out the fresh roses they brought for her. There were loud gasps from those close enough to see what happened, and the two friends stepped back, scared. Her killers were also approaching her coffin bearing red roses, and she called upon her emissaries of the dark world, “It’s time.”

The sight of the black crows, their loud cawing and wild fluttering wings, created a frightening scene as they flew circles around her coffin, then among the mourners who scattered to avoid the vicious birds. The birds were gone as fast as they came, but left in their wake were fear and shock. Never had anything of that nature happened at a funeral service. What could have triggered something so ominous was the burning question.

Aryana watched her killers hurriedly leave and smiled, cold fury in her eyes, “It’s just the beginning.”

To be continued…

“Not until someone can show you love and kindness will you be man again.”

The other hunters, scared of the spirit’s rage, ran, leaving the young man, now beast, alone in the dark jungle and told their story of their encounter with the spirit. No one saw the Toshao’s son again and that was almost ten years ago. Never a sign of the beast, and many wondered about the hunter’s story. The Toshao, a sad and broken man, still awaited his son’s return.

Ann Marie was just a little girl, and as she grew older, so did her fascination for this story. In her heart, she felt it was true. She had ventured in many dark, forbidden places in the jungle, where even the bravest men dared not to go, but she had never seen this creature. Where could he be, and why had he been hiding for so long?

A soft growl riding with the wind flew over the tree tops above the now sleeping village. A dark creature stood in the shadows, its red eyes gleaming, and looked at the girl as she sat alone by the fire, its glow casting a reddish-golden light on her long dark hair. She was so beautiful, like an Indian Goddess, and though he had seen her many times as a young girl and had sensed there was something special about her, he had never allowed himself to be seen, afraid of scaring her. Now, she was a young woman, and he felt that it was time for her to

God.

Photo courtesy of South Rupununi District Council

Gavin and...

FROM PAGE III

Kolor Records to release ‘Folk it Up Vol. 1’ - a collection of Guyanese folk songs. Its success led to ‘Folk it Up Vol. 2’ in 2022 and ‘Vol. 3’, recorded live in the Iwokrama Rainforest in 2023, adding a layer of rainforest conservation to their work.

What makes their music unique is the fusion of African rhythms and Guyanese folk music with punk rock. “It has never been done before, and we are the only duo who can do it,” Gavin explained. “We authentically represent the Guyanese voice and way of life in our music, while also creating such a ruckus that anyone would feel compelled to move their hips or at least tap their feet when they hear Chucky’s drum and my guitar.”

Standing Out on the Global Stage Gavin and Chucky’s appeal to international audiences is evident through songs like ‘City By De Tides’, ‘The Great Rebellion’, and their first collaborative composition, ‘Everything Gon Be Alright’. Gavin believes that Guyanese uniqueness truly stands out in the international arena. “As Guyanese musicians in an international market, we are easier to stand out than one might believe. By remaining authentic in our presentation and delivery of our music, we are able to captivate a very special niche audience of people around the world who truly appreciate learning about new cultures and hearing new sounds.”

To date, the pair has showcased their music at the Rupununi Music and Arts Festival, the Guyana Folk Festival in New York, and the Bridgetown International Arts Festival 2023 in Barbados. They’ve also participated in virtual festivals during the pandemic, including Folk Alliance International Online and Bankra Caribbean Culture Fest Online.

The duo has collaborated with Burchmore Simon at Kross Kolor Records to produce their “Folk It Up” album series and with filmmaker Azikiwe ‘Ziggy’ Denheart for recording virtual concerts in the North Rupununi. Gavin has also represented the duo at international events such as Folk Alliance International in the US, Dubai Expo, American Music Abroad Colombia, Ethno USA, Ethno Sweden, and

the Guyana Folk Festival in London.

As Gavin and Chucky prepare for ‘Your Roots Are Showing’ in Ireland, they are determined to showcase true Guyanese culture to the world. However, the journey isn’t without challenges. The duo is currently working to raise funds for the trip, gaining support from various Guyanese corporations, but they still have a long way to go before reaching Ireland.

With their unique blend of traditional Guyanese rhythms and contemporary rock, Gavin and Chucky are not just musicians; they are cultural ambassadors, ready to share the rich tapestry of Guyanese music with the world.

Duo Gavin and Chuck performing at the Courtyard Mall.

THE NATIVE BEAUTY ...

know about his existence. But would she be able to love a creature like him to lift the curse?

Ann Marie sat by the fire as the embers burnt to a soft glow, playing with the ring on her finger. She was thinking about David, the young Englishman whose life she had saved when she had found the lost plane, waiting for the day he would return so they could be together forever. She also thought about the diamond ring he had given her as a promise so she could wait for his return. She stood up and walked towards her hut, then stopped and looked around, feeling a strange sensation of being watched. She shuddered off the feeling and went to bed,

and as her eyes closed, slipping into the comforting embrace of sleep, she wondered what new adventure tomorrow would bring.

Ann Marie opened her eyes to a warm and beautiful new day. She sat up, lifting her hand to touch the sunbeam streaming through the window, when she saw the white orchid by her bedside. She looked at the flower, quite surprised and picked it up gingerly. It was one of the rarest flowers found anywhere, and she knew where it came from, but who could have brought it?

Her father burst into the hut then, quite disturbed, “Ann Marie, you’ve got to see this.”

From Page XVI

She rushed outside with him and stared at the maze of strange tracks everywhere. Something not human had entered the village that night, and there was fear and confusion in the air. She recalled the feeling she had last night, and looking at the flower in her hand, she gasped as the thought dawned on her.

“Oh my gosh, could it be?”

Had the beast come home?

Her father looked at her curiously and warned “I want you close to home until we figure out what this is.”

A hunting party went out scouring the jungle but found nothing. Whatever it was, it was long gone.

Ann Marie tried not to sleep that night, but at about midnight, her eyes closed, and the next morning, by her bedside, was a yellow orchid. She picked up the flower and looked at it for a long moment, not sure what to think. Was it the beast, and what did he want? She had to know, and the brave soul she was, she went into the jungle that day. She did not venture too far, stopping by a stream and felt that strange presence again. She did not turn around but sat staring at her reflection in the water, hearing the sound as it came closer and gasped quietly as another reflection appeared above hers.

It was the beast!

He was not just a tale. He was real!

She rose slowly, trying not to be afraid, not knowing in the next moment if she would be killed. He was so hideous, it almost took her breath away, but his eyes held a soft, almost pleading look. In his paw-like hands was a red rose that he held out to her, but before she could move, voices were heard coming, and with a deep growl, the beast turned and disappeared into the jungle.

She picked up the red rose he had dropped and at that moment, she knew what she had to do, for the pleading look in his eyes was more than words could say. The next morning, before dawn, Ann Marie left the village quietly. She had to reach deep into the jungle, where the rare orchids grew. It was a long journey, and just before dusk, she reached where she knew the beast would be.

“Beast,” she called “I’m here to see you.”

Nothing moved. It was quiet, too quiet, she thought. Where was he?

She sensed his presence just behind her and turning, she almost screamed. The beast was standing there, bleeding, two arrows protruding from his shoulder and back, and he slumped to the ground. The hunters had found him, and the voices were drawing closer. She wasn’t sure what to do, but she knew if she didn’t do something, he would be killed. She knelt down beside him and, breaking off the arrows, she tore pieces of her clothing to stop the bleeding.

The look in his eyes was so gentle that it touched her heart and holding his face, she said

“Please don’t die, I love the flowers you brought, and I know from that you have a good heart. I see you not as a beast but as a nice person who will live in my heart.”

He touched her face at those words that he had longed to hear so long, and his eyes began to close.

“No, no, please!” she shook him, “Stay with me. You can’t die.”

Loud angry voices were heard as the hunting party drew closer and Ann-Marie cried softly, looking at the beast, “What does it take to save your life?”

And as though in answer to her distraught question, a pure white buck appeared in a glowing light. Ann-Marie looked stunned at the spectacular vision, knowing the story had related that it was a spiritual being that had cast the curse on the Toshao’s son. It raised itself on its hind legs, and a blinding flash of light caused Ann-Marie to close her eyes.

When she reopened them, the buck had disappeared and lying in her lap was not the beast but a handsome young man. She cried in relief just as the hunters burst onto the scene, their arrows in deadly poise but slowly lowered on seeing the Toshao’s son.

Ann-Marie looked at them, tears streaming down her face, “The story was true.”

She believed in it, and her care and kindness towards the beast helped break the curse.

Another adventure for the brave Native girl.

A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in

Financial abuse needs more awareness

HAVE you ever considered how your actions can affect future generations to come? We’re constantly reminded to always live in the present, and to be grateful for it. We are taught from an early age to always be present in mind and body. Even when we do think of the future, we think about how our present-day actions might affect our own future. We hardly think far beyond that in terms of our generation, or even the survival of the human race.

Now, for those of you who watched the award-winning movie, Interstellar, you’d understand that previous sentence in its fictional sense, and how it relates to us right now as well. I recently rewatched Interstellar, and I had many questions and thoughts about our survival as human beings. It highlights that our every action in the present day can affect our outcome collectively. You might be wondering what a fictional movie has to do with our survival as a species, but have you ever considered where we’re headed as humans on this dying planet? Is it a direction you see fit for future generations to follow? Let’s consider climate change as an example. Every single time we choose to dispose of garbage into the oceans, it impacts the quality of marine life. Every time

WHEN you are defining the term “abuse”, do you ever consider financial abuse in those definitions? Often, when I listen to people discuss abuse, I rarely ever hear them mention the category of financial abuse. That can be for a lot of different reasons. Perhaps people are unfamiliar that a person can be financially abused, or they simply do not accept this as a type of abuse. Whatever the reason may be, there are many studies and statistics to prove that people all across the world are being financially abused. For me, the first thing that comes to mind is when the elderly have their money or assets taken away from them without their consent. As with most cases of abuse, financial abuse also entails a struggle or imbalance of power.

Financial abuse can be overt or very unnoticeable. It is a form of family violence. Universally, I

we choose to burn chemicals or release toxic gas into the atmosphere, we are making the air less breathable for future generations. This can stem beyond the environmental impacts of our actions. It can include everything relating to our survival—social, political, and economic. As such, I wanted to use this piece to encourage you all to make more mindful, informed decisions.

making them stay in an abusive relationship. Studies have shown that in 99% of the domestic violence cases that occur, financial abuse is also present. Contrary to the belief that only impoverished people can be victims of financial abuse, this form of abuse does not only affect a specific target population. In most cases, financial abuse occurs in romantic relationships where an abusive partner restricts and limits their partner’s access or ability to spend money. The “allowances” will be fewer and fewer as months go by, and the victim is often forbidden from being employed.

The next time you have to decide on certain tasks, try also to consider all of the consequences. This is especially important for leaders and administrators who are responsible for macro-level decision-making. Being mindful of certain decisions will make room for improvements in human life as we know it. You can examine this further through examples of our past societies, and how their decisions impacted us today.

What if Rose Parks never got on the bus? What if our Guyanese political leaders never fought for independence in 1966? What if Nelson Mandela never stood up for Afro-South African rights? I would imagine the results would’ve been worse than they are today, if these historical figures had not taken mindful actions. You do not have to be a famous historical figure; your actions might not even make it to historical textbooks. You just have to believe that your actions are for the greater good, even if you don’t see the fruits of your labour in your lifetime.

The abuser may use manipulation, fear tactics or even physical abuse to force these ideologies onto the victim if they do not comply. Some cases are often so extreme that even access to purchase food or visit a doctor is affected. Most times, victims are unable to leave these abusive relationships because of their lack of finances, assets or even education on financial independence and literacy. Most times, when victims leave their homes they’re either forced into a shelter or they return to their abusive partner where homelessness is not a concern. This is a key issue that needs further attention on all levels. Money gives one a sense of security and stability. Abusers use it as a tactic to control victims. If victims don’t abide by or obey them, they lose that sense of security or stability by receiving limited or no money.

This creates an unhealthy dependency. Financial abuse may also come in the form of leaving people in debt unknowingly, stealing the victim’s property, false insurance claims, evading child support or refusing to pay bills. It is not black and white. There are many ways that people can become victims of financial abuse. As such, I am pleading with you all to consider spreading awareness of what financial abuse is and let victims realise that they are indeed victims. Money is used as a powerful tool of control and oppression, and I hope that financial abuse in all of its forms is addressed effectively and efficiently at all levels.

THOUGHT FOR TODAY

But who is to guard the guards them- selves? or Who is to watch the watch- men?

(c.60-c.130) Satire VI, lines 347–348

STUDY SUCCESS

Dear Student, Welcome dear reading friend. You canbe helped to understand and evaluate information given in a passage by using a suitable set of specific skills. Were you given a passage to compare its content to several passages on the same subject, right away you shouldsee yourself relating the infor-

SEPTEMBER 08, 2024

mation given in the initial text to that of the other texts. Note-taking is essential to the process also. Relating information is highlighting differences and contradictions. Be wise.

Love you.

IMPROVING WRITING

Explaining a process you know well

Non-fiction is made up of many types of writing such as narrative, expository, and persuasive among others. In fact, here are more types to set your horizon wider and clearer: memoir, essay,journalism,autobiography, biography, feature writing, manual, travel guide, recipe, andacademic text.

Notice that non-fiction isany literary work that is fact-based, intended to present true events and information as accurately as possible.You encounter it when you refer to instructions on how to use something like a piece of equipment, say, binoculars. This form is short, focused expository that explains a process. Suppose you were to write an essay to explain a process you know well.

Your essay, then, would include the following features: a focused topic that can be fully explained in the essay explanations of terms or materials that may be unfamiliar a series of logical steps explained in chronological order charts, illustrations, and diagrams as necessary to make complicated procedures understandable error-free writing including correct use of comparative and superlative and other forms of grammar.

How do you choose your topic?

List people, places, things, and activities that you are involved with at home or school. Go through them and make mental or visual connections to coin your topic.Choose your topic from the ideas the chart generates.

How do you gather details? Do this by making a timeline this way: Divide the process you have chosen into distinct steps. Make a timeline to organise the sequence of steps your explanation will describe.

Identify the photographs, illustrations, or diagrams that might help you explain the process.

Shaping your writing. Order is important to make this effort work well:

organise your details into a sequence to make clear the order of steps,each maybe on a separate piece of paper.

Add to or rearrange the steps

as needed and make each fulsome in its turn.

When the right order is found, number the steps and use these notes to draft.

How to elaborate: When you write each paragraph eye any important detail that needs more information – what kind? how much? How long? Or to what degree?

Revising your overall structure: Here is when you add interest to your essay. This helps you look for ways to convince readers that the project is worth reading. Use your pre-writing notes to see what gave you the idea for your topic, and build your enthusiasm into your introduction and conclusion.

Revising your paragraphs: Add missing information, like missing steps or misinformation. Do all you can with added information any reader would need to complete a task successfully. Recipes are non-fiction writing where many important bits of instruction are often left out because the writer feels that the readers are fully acquainted with a certain procedure in a step.

IMPROVING READING

Context clues

Note: One authority says this: When you are reading to understand context clues you need to look for hints about a word’s meaning found nearby. You might look for context clues in the same sentence, or in the sentences before and after it. These clues can also be synonyms of the challenging word, or even a brief definition.

Read the following passage. Then, answer the questions.

The moon, Earth’s only natural satellite, changes in appearance monthly as it orbits around our planet. It waxes and then wanes, seeming to increase and then decrease in size, from full moon to quarter, to crescent, to the nearly invisible new moon. Before the age of modern science, these phases of the moon inspired many legends, or stories, that attempted to explain the changes. Although these explanations are not scientifically accurate, they do show that ancient people were diligent observers of the night sky, carefully studying and accurately noting changes in the heavens.

1. What is the best definition of ‘satellite’ as used in the selection?

(A)a planet (B) a star (C) something that orbits a planet

(D)something not scientifically accurate

2. Which context provides the best clue to the meaning of ‘satellite’?

(A) changes in appearance (B) it orbits around our planet

(C) increase and ten decrease in size (D) from full moon to quarter

3. Based on its context, what is the best definition of ‘waxes’?

(A) increases (B) decreases (C) becomes invisible (D) grows shadowy

4. What does the word ’phases’ mean in this selection?

(A) stages in becoming an adult (B) regular, predictable changes in appearance (C) endings (D) times of confusion

5. From the context, what does ‘diligent’ mean?

(A) imaginative (B) uninformed (C) careless (D) careful

GRAMMAR: Punctuation

In the following sentences supply the correct capital letters and punctuation marks.

1.we spent a glorious week at sylvan lake in the black hills of south dakota

2. its the mens turn not the womensto plan the office picnic

The temporo-mandibular joint

MANY people complain of problems opening their mouth fully or moving their jaw from side to side. This is a relatively common but abnormal condition that lies within the scope of dentistry, which frequently goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and untreated. If you experience headaches, discommoding clicking and popping in the jaw, or pain in the face, neck or shoulders, the problem may literally be all in your head. You may be suffering from a misalignment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the joint that allows your mouth to open, close and move from side to side.

Other symptoms which indicate that you may be suffering from TMJ disorder include the wearing down of the teeth, tenderness of the jaw muscles, difficulty opening the mouth when the jaw gets “stuck open”, earaches without ear infection, pain and chewing, yawning or opening the mouth widely; pain in and around the ear; ears feeling stuffy or itchy; ringing, roaring, hissing, or buzzing in the ears and dizziness.

Five pairs of muscles and TMJ that connect the upper and lower jaws allow you to open and close your mouth, and control forward and side-to-side movements of the lower jaw. Any problem that prevents this complex system of muscles, ligaments, bones and joints from working together may result in pain and other problems known as TMJ syndrome.

The jaw joint can become out of alignment for many reasons. These include teeth that do not fit together properly when the jaws are clenched. This condition could come about from genetics (protruding jaw), teeth grinding, habits like cradling the phone between the ear and the shoulder, extractions or injuries like whiplash or a blow to the jaw, or even new dentures or fillings that are not done correctly. Stress plays a major role, too, and people often experience their first TMJ discomfort during stressful times.

You should quit harmful habits such as grinding your teeth, cradling the phone between your head and shoulder, etc. Do not hesitate to consult your dentist if you experience discomfort anywhere in your head, neck or shoulders.

It is not unusual for your jaw to be out of alignment, yet you experience no discomfort. Sometimes, TMJ syndrome patients can alleviate pain and discomfort with conservative home care only.

Heat is a muscle relaxant. Use a hot pad to ease aching jaw, neck and shoulder muscles. Be careful to keep heat down, so as not to cause burns. If the pain is considered to be severe, then ice packs can be used instead. Stress can create a cycle of muscle tension, and pain that needs to be broken. I would recommend relaxation techniques, such as progressive relaxation, in which you consciously relax muscles, starting with your head and working down your body to the feet. You might also try visualisation exercises to let go of stress. Find a quiet, comfortable place where you would not be disturbed. Close your eyes, and take a couple of deep breaths. Now imagine yourself in one of your favourite places. Let yourself feel the sights and hear the sounds. Feel yourself relaxing in this special place. There is nothing you must do, nowhere you must go. After several minutes of enjoying the visualisation, take a couple of deep breaths and slowly open your eyes. You may find you feel amazingly relaxed and refreshed from this “mental vacation”. If you have tried this, and it has not worked, contact your dentist or physician.