Guyana Chronicle Pepperpot E-Paper 01-12-2024

‘The sky is never your limit’

Single mother and university graduate shares how she turned life’s challenges into stepping stones for success

Sunday, December 01, 2024

Anastacia Pereira (Japheth Savory photo)

Plant-based products for hair and beard debuts at Favour’s Hair Therapy

GuyExpo 2024 used as marketing tool for local business’s heart of palm and other products

AMAZON Caribbean Guyana Limited (AMCAR) is a company registered in Guyana, created by French investors in 1986. It produces Wild Organic Heart of Palm with two factories. The company has 140 employees and more than 500 freelance harvesters and suppliers, and it exports 100% of its products.

WHEN Falana Fraser established Favour’s Hair Therapy, it was out of love due to her son’s hair condition. Today, it has become a thriving small business empowering her to realise her true potential with her own haircare and beard products.

The products include hair oil, hair pomade, beard oil, beard wash and conditioner, edge balm, shampoo and conditioner, hair mist, beard and hair tools.

According to her selfnamed business, Favour’s Hair Therapy, “promote(s) healthy and strong growth for all hair types”. It is a small business that started in the kitchen, and it had a trial period before the products were launched.

AMCAR has been working closely with Amerindian communities for 36 years. AMCAR has been producing top-quality heart of palm from the wild as its main product. Certified Wild Organic since 1997, the Heart of Palm is produced in cans and glass jars, with attractive, market-ready packaging. It is certified for both Europe and the USA. Gluten-free and high in fibre, it is an excellent product for vegans.

Fraser is originally from Uitvlugt but resides at Anna Catherina, West Coast Demerara. She is married and has a three-year-old son.

The second product AMCAR produces is açaí pulp for export. AMCAR also produces organic and conventional pineapple chunks in glass jars, as well as various fruit juices in bottles.

She explained that after the birth of her child, she noticed that he had issues with hair growth, and parts of his head were very patchy with no hair, and she wanted to change that.

detailed research, and af ter gaining knowledge, she experimented with some ingredients and made a hair oil from aloe, coconut oil and onion.

the home-made oil into her son’s hair/scalp, and within a short time, she noticed a difference: his bald spots were replaced with new hair growth, and soon he had a full head of hair which could be held in a ponytail.

her son’s once-patchy hair was replaced by full hair growth within three to four months, and today, his hair remains healthy and full.

Magazine that the positive results in her child’s hair process motivated her to make more of the plantbased hair oil and she began sharing it among family members.

within her family tree, and one day, her father encour aged her to utilise her new found skill to establish a small business to bring in an income to her home.

launched her products in which the hair oil infused

with rosemary oil became the best seller. She branded her products and went about to become a registered busi

Chief Executive Officer of Barima Açaí Hearts of Palm, Jean Francois Gerin, told The Pepperpot Magazine that deep within the heart of the Amazonian forest, the first Barima River factory recently celebrated its 30th year of providing a livelihood for people in neighbouring communities.

He added that the company has a second factory in the Berbice River area, providing a total of 200 direct jobs and income for over 500 families, mainly of Amerindian descent, on a permanent basis.

that contributes directly to the economy by providing employment for locals,” he said.

is used in the production of the products, including

Gerin told The Pepperpot

The CEO reported that, since 1987, every care has been taken to ensure the natural environment is not harmed.

35 years and being married to an Indigenous woman from the North West District (NWD) for 31 years.

“We are one of the oldest producers of Barima Wild Hearts of Palm, making it a unique company in Guyana

Magazine that their social impact is far-reaching. Since 2015, the company has been committed to good trade and working practices as part of its social responsibility, always looking for ways to benefit workers and communities alike.

Gerin reported that the products are mostly exported to Brazil, France, the US, Lebanon, and other countries, but they are not as widely marketed in Guyana as they should be. However, the products are available at DSL and Massy supermarkets across the country.

Gerin is hoping to connect with local consumers through events such as the recently held GuyExpo 2024.

“In the meantime, we are limiting the supply chain of our products by monitoring it straight from the nursery to the final customers. Our projects begin by promoting organic agriculture in Guyana through communities and private owners, providing technical assistance, as well as owning our own lands for experimentation,” he said.

ness. Fraser’s hair oil was and everything from plants

small business, she operates from the confines of her

She related that being

The product has been certified organic since 1997, standing as a guarantee that all pickers follow sustainable harvesting practices. Gerin said the extraction of the palms has minimal environmental impact, as no machines are used for harvesting, and the palms regenerate sufficiently to ensure sustainability.

registered with the authorities is an avenue for networking and marketing the products, and it is beneficial to have all your prod -

Originally from France, Gerin stated that he considers himself Guyanese now, having lived in Guyana for

afloat. She added that her vision is to produce top-quality, effective products and she would like to become num-

The company has participated in GuyExpo since 1995. Gerin added that all employees are well-trained, with many having been with the company for over 16 years.

ucts certified, labelled, and well-packaged.

ed that she is constantly inspired by customers and their reviews and testimo nials of the products, and being a small business isn’t ‘all bed of roses’. It requires hard work, dedication, con sistency and money to stay

The products are certified to meet international high standards for quality and are predominantly exported out of Guyana. The CEO noted that their vision is to produce, in Guyana, value-added food products recognised by international supermarket distributors as secure, healthy, and of premium quality.

She reported that scores of people were genuinely interested in the products and even encouraged her to produce more. She was also complimented on her attractive packaging. Fraser stated that al -

Gerin stated that their services focus on providing customers with a range of organic certified exotic vegetables and fruits, such as Barima Açaí Hearts of Palm, berries pulp and juice, as well as organic tropical fruits in glass jars and juices. These are shipped directly to shops and supermarkets locally and abroad, in North America and Europe, with no intermediaries.

keep going,” she said.

Falana Fraser, entrepreneur.

Favour’s Hair Therapy plant-based products (Yohan Savory photos)

Falana Fraser and her products.

Jean Francois Gerin, Chief Executive Officer of AMCAR at GuyExpo 2024

Pitch Perfect

Building confidence in female entrepreneurs with the WE3A Initiative

IN a powerful display of entrepreneurship, creativity, and ingenuity, nine women competed in yet another of WE3A’s impactful Business Pitch Competitions. Each participant had just five minutes to convince a panel of judges of their unique business ideas. From car washes designed as safe spaces for mums to grocery stores in rural Essequibo, the competition showcased the diversity of ideas and the enthusiasm, creativity, and ambition of the women behind them.

Aspire, Activate, and Accelerate

The Women’s Chamber of Commerce and Industry Guyana (WCCIG) partnered with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and Thunderbird School of Global Management to bring the WE3A: Strengthening Women Entrepreneurs in Value Chains Project to Guyana. This project is funded by the IDB Lab and WeFi. Now in its third year, the initiative will continue into 2025.

One of the many driving forces behind the initiative is accomplished businesswoman, entrepreneur, and author, Tashi Browne. “This project, WE3A, is about Aspire, Activate, and Accelerate,” Tashi explained. “It’s a threeyear initiative funded by IDB and WeFi. The focus is on building the capacity of women entrepreneurs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Guyana is the only English-speaking country involved,” she shared.

The competition received robust support from sponsors such as Enet, Sears Consultancy Inc., Lead to Influence, Drevait, Germans, the Ministry of Health, and the Guyana Payroll, all contributing to various cash prizes.

The programme stands out because it targets areas that other initiatives often overlook. The Aspire phase focuses on storytelling, helping women see their potential through the experiences of others. “The Aspire component focuses on storytelling. It’s about sharing inspirational stories of women who have already succeeded in business. These stories empower other women who are just starting out by showing them that success

is possible,” Tashi said.

The Activate phase shifts focus to practical skills. Participants learn to build a strong foundation for their businesses. “Activate targets women who are either new to business—maybe they’ve started within the last three months—or those who have a business idea but don’t know where to start. The programme helps them with the foundation, like preparing a business plan, identifying their target market, pricing their products, and marketing effectively,” Tashi explained.

Finally, the Accelerate phase connects seasoned

International, which helps women-owned businesses enter global supply chains,” she added.

The Pitch Competition

The pitch competition is a key feature of WE3A, offering women a chance to refine their pitching skills and showcase their businesses.

“The women who graduate from the Activate aspect can participate in a pitch competition to develop their skills. Pitching is so important because you never know when you might have the opportunity to secure an investment,”

family. She admitted that the experience was a significant growth opportunity. “This event was an eye-opener in the sense that I am not the kind of person who would do a pitch in front of people and present information. Now I can take my business to the next level because I have the confidence to pitch,” she

shared her excitement. “I am really excited because I have

shared.

Second-place winner

Reshma Tickchand, owner of Triple R Grocery, explained her passion for delivering groceries to women in Region Two’s rural areas, which sparked her business. With her winnings, she hopes to expand. “Our business is in a

entrepreneurs with opportunities to scale their businesses internationally. “The Accelerate component is for women who have been in business for over 10 years and are ready to expand internationally. Through this programme, they’re connected with international investors and certified by Reconnect

Tashi explained.

The event featured a packed panel of judges, including some of Guyana’s best business coaches and entrepreneurs.

The first-place winner, Stacy Reece of East Gate Products, manufactures traditional marinating sauces passed down through her

rural area with people living different lifestyles, and many of the women are not afforded the opportunity to reach us. This business is breaking a barrier,” she said.

Third-place winner, Leshaun Wright Philander, the visionary behind Philander’s Carwash—a mobile car wash and safe space for mums—

and global trends, that will help me in the future,” she said.

Building confidence and capacity

Tashi emphasised the programme’s unique delivery method, which makes learning relatable and engaging.

“One of the unique aspects of the programme is the way it’s delivered. It’s not just about reading; it’s an animated storytelling experience. There’s a character named Alma who represents the participants. Alma’s journey mirrors their own, making the learning process relatable and engaging. Throughout the programme, participants build their own business plans step by step, and by the end, they

never really pitched before. I gained a lot of insight into the areas that I can improve my business because I was given a lot of tips,” she said.

Fourth-place winner

Roneka Sam, founder of Baked by Nadia, earned recognition for her healthy watermelon fruit cakes. She acknowledged the value of competition in preparing her for the future. “This was my first pitch. I think I will know what to present next time and what the judges look for. In terms of financial projections

have a complete document ready for use.”

The competition sought to challenge participants with simulated real-world scenarios where entrepreneurs must communicate effectively within very limited timeframes. “We’re looking for real-world solutions here. During the competition, participants have just five minutes to pitch their business—like Shark Tank. This is designed to prepare them

The first-place winner, Stacy Reece of East Gate Products

Copping second-place, Reshma Tickchand, who owns Triple R Grocery Shop

Coming in third-place, Leshaun Wright Philander, the visionary behind Philander’s Carwash

Roneka Sam, founder of Baked by Nadia

The entire WE3A team

Youth advocate aims high

By Michel Outridge

DWRIGHT Ward is a passionate youth advocate who hails from Buxton, East Coast Demerara. He recently graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations and a Diploma in Communication Studies from the University of Guyana (UG). Ward has recently been honoured with the prestigious Ignite Caribbean 30 Under 30 Caribbean Changemakers Award, recognising his outstanding contributions to youth development.

As a prominent member of several youth organisations across Guyana, he has made significant impact locally and regionally. His leadership and advocacy have also taken him to the 7th Annual Caribbean Youth Leader Summit, where he represented Guyana on an international stage.

Ward’s journey in advocacy began at a tender age, driven by a natural inclination to help others, particularly those facing

challenges. His unwavering commitment to making a difference has been evident throughout his life.

Looking forward, Ward aspires to become a diplomat, furthering his ability to effect change on a global scale. His favourite quote by Oliver Holmes encapsulates his approach to life and work: “Every calling is great once greatly pursued.”

Ward told the Pepperpot Magazine that he also completed his four-year degree in just 2 1/3 years while juggling shift work as a flight operations officer at Trans Guyana Airways.

He is involved in several youth organisations, such as Youth Rise, where he serves as President and the US Embassy Youth Action Network, where he serves as Event Coordinator. He also holds memberships with JCI Guyana, Guyana National Youth Council and Leo Club Ruimveldt.

“I’ve always known that my purpose for living is to help others find their purpose, and I thought youth organisations are a perfect avenue to channel those changes where I can have a

platform to impact lives in several ways,” he said. Ward attends the Life Spring Ministry and is a believer in the power of manifestation, noting that without God,

none of his achievements would have been possible.

“I’m in the stepping stone that I believe will get me to where I want to be. I’d like to first start off as a flight attendant, then continue my professional background in later years in current affairs, most likely starting off as a Foreign Service officer, which would lead me up to becoming a diplomat,” he said.

Ward added that he is deeply focused on youth development, and nothing else has ever appealed to him as much as building the future for the youth of tomorrow. This goal, he said, is his way of contributing to the community.

“What I do is reach out to young boys or girls in the community and provide guidance for them as it relates to career paths, the next step forward, or securing a job. I’ve assisted people in my village with employment, skills training, or tertiary education,” Ward said.

Ward pointed out that he even partnered with the Board of Industrial Training (BIT) to provide free electrical installation classes in the afternoon for Buxtonians so that they can gain a Level 1 recognised certification in the field. The 23-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that he came from humble beginnings and that being a resident of Buxton never caused him to feel he could not achieve great things in life.

Ward is from a grounded family with both parents and two brothers, one of whom holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing. He was the first in his family to graduate from the University of Guyana (UG) with a diploma in Communication Studies. Ward has already signed up for Urban Policy and Leadership studies at Hunter College in New York and will continue striving for higher education to become amply qualified. He shared that as a young man from Buxton, he faced stigma attached to the village due to its past, but this year, 30 villagers graduated from UG. Ward added that he was never bothered by stigma because he was always focused on being successful and qualified.

“Being multi-talented and being able to qualify myself through studies brings me joy because I know it means a better future for myself. I will never stop being overzealous in pursuing higher education,” he said.

Ward, who is a citizen of Antigua, was a recipient of the Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister’s Scholarship, which fully funded his entire academic journey at UG.

Dwright Ward

Glo Girl Camp ignites strength and purpose in young women

ON November 23, EmpoweredFem Guyana, Barrels of Love, InsideOut, and Mother’s Union-Guyana executed the Glo Girl Camp at the Vryman’s Erven Secondary School. This initiative aimed to empower adolescent girls at Vryman’s Erven Secondary to address and overcome gender-based barriers by providing them with tools and knowledge to improve decision-making, pursue opportunities, and enhance their overall health and well-being.

The event saw full participation from all the girls catered for. A total of 40 girls from grades 8–10 (ages 12–15) were selected through assessments done by the school’s guidance counsellor, Raquel Wade, and headteacher, Shaundel Phillips.

The impactful sessions were facilitated by Denica Henry, Marissa Foster, Seeta Dalloo, Yvonne Barrow, Stephanie Persaud, and Adele Minty. The facilitators encouraged the participants to speak up and support each other in creating a safer, more respectful community. They were inspired to become role models and positive voices for change against gender-based violence (GBV) in their schools and communities.

According to Seeta Dalloo, a social worker and co-founder of EmpoweredFem, “It was a great experience, and it’s always a pleasure to work with young girls, especially when they’re at an impressionable age where guidance is important. The highlight of the sessions was seeing the girls being responsive to the information shared,” she said. “Their engagement with the content was very encouraging, and it was great to see them form their own opinions on various topics. I also believe more programmes like these should be available for other girls in Guyana because it’s important to create access to information-sharing and a safe empowerment space.”

Stephanie Persaud from 501c3 Barrels of Love Int. (USA) and Yvonne Barrow from InsideOut collaborated with EmpoweredFem on this initiative for girls in Berbice. EmpoweredFem, as a local group familiar with the need for a project at Vryman’s Erven Secondary, recommended the school and target audience and facilitated contact with school officials. Together, these groups created Glo Girl.

Yvonne managed most of the project logistics and secured funding support from the Mother’s Union of Guyana. Stephanie Persaud donated gift bags filled with educational resources, stationery, and other thoughtful gifts for the girls. The programme covered topics such as:

• Understanding Gender-Based Violence

• Mental Health Coping Skills

• Building Healthy Relationships and Boundaries

• Purpose Finding and Self-Esteem Building

• Girls as Leaders and Changemakers Against GBV

The girls also learned an empowerment pledge led by Yvonne Barrow, with the hope of inspiring them to share their experiences and knowledge with other classmates. Through interactive sessions such as role-playing and scenario discussions, the girls engaged deeply with the topics.

In observance of International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, a real-life story of GBV in Guyana was analysed by Marissa Foster and the students. This

session fostered meaningful dialogue and action-oriented solutions.

Yvonne Barrow shared, “Glo Girl 1.0 highlighted a group full of joy and so much potential. Their rich laughter mixed with questions of the uncertain is proof that our girls need us as much as we need them.”

The team is planning a second phase of the programme for early next year. Participants welcomed the Glo Girl Initiative and provided suggestions for future topics, such as poverty. The partners aim to expand this initiative to other communities across Guyana and welcome support from local groups and organisations for future collaborations.

Some of the collaborating partners of Glo Girl. (From left: Yvonne Barrow, Denica Henry, Shaundel Phillips, Marissa Foster, Seeta Dalloo).

Facilitator, Denica Henry, during her session on coping with Gender-based Violence and Mental Health.

The participants of Glo Girl alongside members of EmpoweredFem, InsideOut, Mother’s Union-Guyana and teachers of Vryman’s Erven Secondary (Marissa Foster photos)

The founders of Glo Girl (From left: Yvonne Barrow from InsideOut, Stephanie Persaud from Barrels of Love Int. and Marissa Foster from EmpoweredFem Guyana).

Richard Rupnarain receives 2024 Pakaraima Literary Award

GUYANESE-BORN author, Richard Rupnarain, is the latest recipient of the Pakaraima Literary Award. He was bestowed with the prestigious award at last Sunday’s Pakaraima Writers Christmas Social, held in Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.

The award recognises his many literary contributions. Rupnarain was a founding member of the Pakaraima Writers Association, established in 2005 by Janet Naidu—poet, writer, and community leader—where he served as vice president in its early years.

In his acceptance remarks, Rupnarain reflected on the formation of the Writers’ Group and the struggles writers faced to get their works published and rec -

ognised. He recounted how limited information, includ-

ing resources like Amazon, made it challenging for au-

thors to take the next step in publishing.

Rupnarain began his literary journey by writing short stories and plays and publishing his first booklet

degree in Theological Studies at Tyndale University in Toronto. He was ordained as a pastor in 1986 and at the Church of God

in 1994. While studying, he continued to write, focusing on stories that reflected social life in Guyana. Many of his works have been published in magazines and books. Notable titles include “A Ring, A Rose, and a Pair of Shoes – Skits and Plays for All Occasions, Vol. 3”, “Guyanese Nights – Tales from the Diaspora, Vol. 3”, “Choke and Rob: Tales from the Diaspora, Vol. 5”, and his latest novel, “Susanna: Unsung Heroine of the 1823 Demerara Slave Rebellion.”

Growing up in the Presbyterian Church, Richard was inspired to write on religious themes. To date, he has published around 120 books on theology, prophecy, devotionals, and personal growth. Titles include “Handwriting on the Wall: Studies on Daniel 1-6”, “The Pursuit of Excellence: Meditations on the Power of Righteousness”, “Live with Precision: Walking in Step with God’s Plan for Your Life”, and “My Sacred Duty.” Richard attended Queen’s College in Guyana and later studied accounting. He worked as an accountant before retiring to take up a full-time pastorate in Mississauga, Ontario.

In 1987, after immigrating to Canada, Rupnarain pursued biblical education. He earned the Assemblies of God (AOG) Ministerial Diploma and a Master’s

community leader).

Lisa Freemantle, poet, writer, and composer, is the new President of the Pakaraima Writers Association. She chaired the programme for the afternoon’s celebration and shared readings from her poetry collection.

Janet Naidu presented the award to Rupnarain, expressing her honour at recognising his significant contributions. Naidu shared her latest book of poems, River Crossing, while other authors, including Peter Jailall and Kenneth Puddicombe, read from their published works.

The event also featured presentations by Lal Balkaran on Guyanese authors and financial literacy and Shirley Najhram, a children’s book author, who showcased her works at the book table. The celebration concluded with refreshments, network -

(Canada) in 1987. Rupnarain expressed deep gratitude for the award, which is the fifth presented by the Pakaraima group. Previous recipients include Ian McDonald (poet and writer), Ramabai Espinet (professor, poet, and writer), Peter Jailall (poet and educator), and Janet Naidu (poet, educator, and

ing, and congratulations to Rupnarain, who delivered an engaging account of his writing journey. He was accompanied by his wife, Sandra, Executive Director of Family Service of Peel, Brampton, and their two children, Steven and Kimberly, and three grandchildren.

Rupnarain, during his acceptance remarks

Richard Rupnarain and wife Sandra

Richard Rupnarain collects the award from Janet Naidu

‘The sky is never your limit’

Single mother and university graduate shares how she turned life’s challenges into stepping stones for success

“THE sky is never your limit, and never settle for less,” says Anastacia Pereira. The 24-year-old mother and teacher is a recent university graduate with an inspiring story. Born and raised by a single mother in Georgetown, Anastacia was not always as passionate about education as she is today. Her childhood and university years were filled with numerous challenges. After the loss of a loved one and becoming a single mother, Anastacia used her challenges to fuel her success, never letting hurdles stop her from achieving her dreams.

“Growing up, I wasn’t always the most inclined with my books, but my mother believed in me. She’d buy me books every Christmas, pushing me to keep learning. I found it boring at the time, but looking back, I realise she saw my potential long before I did,” Anastacia said to the Pepperpot Magazine during an interview.

Anastacia says she owes much of her success to her mother, who recognised her potential even before she fully embraced it herself. As the youngest of four children, she grew up in a household where academics were valued, though she wasn’t initially drawn to her studies. This changed as she entered high school, however. “My journey really started in those early days. I may not have been the top student, but that time planted the seed of resilience in me. It’s where I first began to realise that it’s not where you come from that matters; it’s where you’re going,” said Anastacia.

Her mother’s persistent encouragement, especially through gifting books and urging her to focus, laid the foundation for Anastacia’s educational journey.

Later, attending Kingston Secondary, she gradually began to realise her own capabilities, supported and

resilience. I tell people that no matter where you are, the starting point doesn’t define your journey. With faith and perseverance, there’s always a way forward. I’m living proof that God’s grace can carry you through anything,” she said.

Now a graduate, Anastacia has blossomed in her new chapter as an educator, driven by a desire to inspire students who may be facing struggles of their own. Teaching allows her to pass on the values of perseverance and self-belief that her mentors instilled in her. “Teaching is something I feel called to do. After everything I’ve been through, I want to give back. I want to be the kind of teacher my students can look to when

they’re struggling. Just like my teachers did for me, I want to help them see the strength they have inside,” she shared.

Anastacia aspires to be a role model for young people, encouraging them to look beyond present challenges and believe in their potential. Anastacia remains committed to personal growth and serving others, confident that her experiences have prepared her to make a meaningful impact.

“One thing I always tell my students: You’re not a product of your circumstances, you’re a product of your decisions. Whatever challenges you’re facing, you can overcome them. Believe in yourself, and don’t let anyone

else’s validation define your worth,” she said.

Now a proud mother and educator, Anastacia says her inspiring journey is not yet over, as she hopes to complete her Master’s Degree. Anastacia, like so many other graduates this year, is proof that challenges are unavoidable, but it’s up to you to continue being inspiring.

As Anastacia stated, “Moving forward, I’m hoping to pursue my master’s degree. I know it won’t be easy, but I’ve learned that nothing worth having comes easy. My son and my students motivate me to keep going, to keep pushing toward the future I envision for us.”

encouraged by teachers and mentors who believed in her potential. “I’ll always be grateful for the teachers who encouraged me. They saw what I was capable of and pushed me to be better, to be the best version of myself. It’s because of them that I learned to believe in myself, even when I didn’t see the way forward,” she said.

Anastacia’s profound faith would be tested as she began her time at university.

Facing financial challenges, Anastacia worked while pursuing her Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations. Life, however, brought unforeseen trials. After becoming a mother at 20 and the subsequent loss of her fiancé, Anastacia said her life took on new challenges.

“During my second year at UG, everything seemed to happen at once. I lost my home to a fire, my son’s father passed away, and I was

still trying to keep up with my studies. It was a time I’d describe as catastrophic, but it was also the time I learned just how strong I could be,” she said.

Reeling from the loss of both her home and a loved one, Anastacia did not back down from gaining her degree. Contrary to what most people would have done in the situation, she continued her education. “There were days I’d go without sleep, sometimes not eating, because I was so determined to ace my exams and make a better life for myself and my son. I would kneel down, call upon the name of the Lord, and find the strength to go on. It wasn’t easy, but faith kept me going,” she said. The challenges she faced gave Anastacia the encouragement she needed, aiming to make both her son and mother proud. “The hardship I went through taught me

Anastacia Pereira (Japheth Savory photo)

BLACK CROWS FLYING

A DELICATE BUTTERFLY III

SHE stood at the water’s edge, her torn dress swirling around her legs, a lone figure shrouded in the shadows of the night. A foreboding silence hung over the beach as the tamed wind gently lifted the dark tresses of hair falling over her face. A pretty face it was, streaked with sand and dry tears.

A young girl in pain, alone, at the beach in the dead of the night. What happened to her?

The deep, haunting look in her eyes, the ashen face and colourless lips told a story of something cold.

Hushed were the wind and water as something bad unfolded the night before on the sandy beach. No one heard her cries, her pleas on the deserted beach and when they were gone, a young body was left on the sand, helpless and broken.

She turned and walked back to the mangrove trees, no footprints in the sand, for late that night the pain had ebbed away like the tide, and one last tear trickled from her eyes as she took her last breath.

“How did this happen?” she cried, “They were my friends, whom I trusted to take me home.”

Her heart beat no more, and the coal-black eyes shed no more tears, but she was not going into the light, not now. It was not her time. She did not have to die, not that way. Not for someone who revered God and had good values. She was a classical dancer and a teacher, recognised for her talent and as an educator, it was all wrong, her death.

She was supposed to have ridden home with her two friends, Aruna and Preity, that night after the cultural programme, but a late change of plans by them to go out with their boyfriends caused her to ride home instead with two male friends she knew very well. The other two boys she had met only once at a wedding reception, but they seemed like nice guys. On the way home, she had a bottle of fruit drink, and a slight drowsiness overcame her, which she thought was tiredness, but it must have been something else. She became dazed and did not notice the detour on the lonely road to the beach that would be deserted at that hour.

Betrayed by those who masqueraded as friends.

“Why? Where is my wrong?” were her soundless, agonising cries.

She looked up at the heavens and continued to cry, “You are my God. I believed in you. Where were you when I cried for help?”

The beach was silent as the lone figure sat with her head bent. There was no place in the world for her anymore.

“I died,” she moaned, “My mother and father have lost their little girl.”

A fisherman had discovered her body lying on the sand early the next morning. She stood there, unseen in her spiritual form, watching as the police cordoned off the area and canvassed the scene for clues. Word spread, and a crowd gathered, shocked and angry that such a horrible thing had happened to a decent young girl.

She had watched helplessly as her father, shocked beyond words, sank to his knees and broke down, crying as he looked at her lifeless body.

He had looked up at the heavens, his hands clasped, his voice breaking, “Why…why God? Why, my little girl?”

When the hours had gotten late last night, and she hadn’t yet come home, her phone turned off, and her mother experienced a deep feeling of dread, her father, brother and cousins had begun searching until daylight.

No one could console her father. What should she tell her mother, who was waiting at home battling her fears?

Even the heavens trembled that day at the mother’s cries for the child she had brought into this world, a blessing from

God.

How, then, did evil interrupt her life?

No one had an answer.

ly grieving family, who just couldn’t process the fact that she was no more in their lives.

All the media houses carried the story, and shock rippled through her community and the nation. The boys who had given her a ride home were held for questioning, but they all stated that they knew nothing.

Their story was that she had received a phone call on the

way home and asked them to stop for someone else to pick her up.

She raised her head slowly and stood up, looking at the heavens, a burning passion of pain and anger in her voice, “I will not come home, not until I have destroyed the monsters who took my honour and my life.”

She stretched her arms out, and from the abyss of death and darkness, she screamed, unleashing fury and agony.

“I call on dark forces to lend me the evil power to destroy those spawned from evil, and for that, I will give you my soul.”

The sky rumbled, the water became restless, and the wind howled as she waited under the mangrove trees.

One night, two nights passed, then on the third morning, just before the break of dawn, as the high tide rushed across the sand and the wind whistled shrilly, four black crows appeared from the far horizon. She stood up, her coal-black eyes watching as the crows drew closer and closer and alighted on the mangrove trees. Her wait was over.

The dark abyss had answered her call to fight evil with evil.

“For each new day, now,” she vowed, “stones will bleed.”

A wake had been going on at her home, and friends, family and people from everywhere had been attending to express their sympathies. There was no comfort, though, to her deep-

On the day of her funeral, she went back home in her spiritual form to comfort her family and to confront her killers. They would be in attendance, she knew, amongst the huge turnout of mourners.

THE car drove away, leaving him standing there, and Shivanie’s supervisor friend asked, “Who is that?”

“Someone I knew from high school,” she answered, feeling a little uneasy that he would wait outside her workplace in an attempt to speak to her.

All her friends were there, those who were true, who had regrets. She saw their tears, heard their shocked whispers as prayers and songs eulogized her life. She stood amongst her family, holding her mother’s and father’s hands, hugging her brother and sister, wiping their tears.

“He seemed desperate to speak to you.”

“Yeah, it’s one thing after another.”

That night, after she had helped Aryan with his homework and settled him into bed, she called her aunt to let her know what was happening.

“I think I have a problem.”

“What is that?” her aunt asked with concern.

But they were not aware of her presence. Her mother, though, seemed to sense something and whispered, “Aryana?”

She explained how Kevin was showing interest in talking to her as though he had done no wrong and how he showed up that day at her workplace in another attempt to talk to her.

The family turned to look at her mother, and she broke down crying, “She’s here with us. My baby is here.”

The father hugged her, helping her to stay strong as the highly emotional services paid tribute to their young daughter’s life and honouring her departed soul to guide her on her final journey.

“That leaves one to wonder what his intentions are. Did you speak with him?”

“No. I don’t want to. He’s a part of my past, and I want to keep it that way.”

A cynical smile played on Aryana’s lips as the viewing began, and she whispered, “It’s showtime.”

Her aunt thought for a moment and then stated, “Maybe he wants to say ‘sorry’ for abandoning you and the child, which caused you so much heartache.”

Aruna and Preity just couldn’t stop crying. Such were their regrets for leaving her that night, but the fury burning in Aryana could not forgive them, so she threw out the fresh roses they brought for her. There were loud gasps from those close enough to see what happened, and the two friends stepped back, scared. Her killers were also approaching her coffin bearing red roses, and she called upon her emissaries of the dark world, “It’s time.”

“No apology could make me forgive him, Aunty Sabita. Because if it wasn’t for you, I would probably not have survived.”

There was a slight break in her voice, and Aunt Sabita comforted her, “Okay, just relax and stay calm. I will contact him to inquire why he wants to talk to you, and then we’ll know how to take it from there.”

“Thank you,” Shivanie said with relief.

As she lay in bed that night, she felt determined to stay strong and confident, for she had focused on working hard and earning money after her son’s birth and, as such, had found the peace of living a single life.

The sight of the black crows, their loud cawing and wild fluttering wings, created a frightening scene as they flew circles around her coffin, then among the mourners who scattered to avoid the vicious birds. The birds were gone as fast as they came, but left in their wake were fear and shock. Never had anything of that nature happened at a funeral service. What could have triggered something so ominous was the burning question.

Aryana watched her killers hurriedly leave and smiled, cold fury in her eyes, “It’s just the beginning.”

He didn’t go back to her workplace, which was a relief, and he had not yet responded to her aunt’s request to speak with him. The week passed without him showing up anywhere she was because, she heard, he had gone on a trip to Suriname with his wife.

To be continued…

But on Sunday, as she and Aryan were in line at the cashier in the supermarket, she saw him at another counter with his wife and mother. His wife did not look her way because she didn’t know her, but there was pure hatred on his mother’s face.

“Darn, after so many years, this woman can still hate me,” Shivanie thought silently.

That did not bother her now as it did when she was a teenager, for she had come a long way since then. Kevin had been looking at her and Aryan with interest, and Shivanie only realised he had walked over to the cashier counter she was at when he spoke quietly, a little way behind her, “He’s a cute boy.”

She didn’t turn around as the cashier scanned her items, and he continued to speak, “I can understand why you don’t want to speak to me, but at least give me a chance to apologise and meet my---”

“No,” she turned sharply, cutting him short before he could complete his sentence. “No.”

His mother, hearing Shivanie’s voice, called out to Kevin, and Shivanie left the supermarket with a visibly upset look on her face. Aryan looked a little scared, and she took a deep breath to regain her composure.

“It’s okay, baby,” she hugged him as the taxi drove them home.

“Who was that man?” he asked her at home as he helped her unpack items from the shopping bags.

“An old friend,” she an -

A DELICATE BUTTERFLY...

FROM PAGE VIII

swered truthfully. “What did he want to apologise to you about?”

“An old story from the past.”

“Oh,” he responded, satisfied with her answer.

She had bought a special lunch for them from the food court in the mall, and they sat down to enjoy a satisfying meal. Dessert, of course, was Aryan’s favourite flavour of ice cream. The two big dogs downstairs and the kitty and dachshund in the house also got special treats that day; a happy little family they were.

That night, after settling Aryan in bed, the kitty curled up beside him. She stayed by his bedside for a long while, looking at his innocent sleeping face, and she said quietly, “That old friend is your father, and you are the story from our past.”

As she lay in bed, she thought that Kevin did not deserve to see his son, but then one day, the son might want to know who his father was. She was torn in her mind, unsure what to do, because having him in their son’s life would mean seeing more of him, and that she didn’t want.

There were moments at work when she lost her focus, and after a few days, the acting boss called her into his office. He was young and handsome, with a warm personality, holding

the reins for his mother, who was on a business trip overseas. “I’ve read from my mother’s reports,” he told her, “that you’re a very good employee who upholds the store’s policy of excellent service.”

Shivanie smiled. “I’ve been doing the best I could.”

“But not in the past few days. Is something wrong?”

“N-no, I’m doing fine.”

He looked at her for a long moment, then said, “You can talk to me about what’s bothering you. I may be able to help.” She sighed and hesitated, unsure how to explain, considering the importance of her job.

She gave him a brief account of her story from age seventeen to now—the father returning and wanting to meet their son. That, she told her boss, was what she was torn about, because she didn’t want the father close to her life.

He looked at her, a shade of concern in his eyes, and said, “You’ve had a tough life. It’s quite amazing how you came through that…” He paused, then continued, “If there’s anything I can do for you, let me know.”

She smiled. “Thank you.”

“Take a little break, then continue your work.”

She was thankful for his understanding, and that afternoon, after work, as she was walking to the main road to catch a bus, he stopped on his way out.

“Come on, I’ll give you a lift home.”

She hesitated just a bit before accepting, sitting for the first time in a luxury vehicle. Her supervisor friend was on leave, so the next day after work, as she started to walk, she saw Kevin. He was waiting at a point where she couldn’t avoid him, and as he approached her, her boss pulled up in his car. “Let’s go, honey, I’ll take you home, then I have a meeting and badminton.”

That stopped Kevin in his tracks, and Shivanie, getting into the car, looked at her boss, a little stunned.

“Honey?”

He laughed a little. “I thought it might’ve been helpful for you.”

Shivanie couldn’t help smiling and finding it funny, but it did help build her confidence. She knew that if Kevin thought she had a boyfriend, he would know how to keep his distance.

She told her aunt to tell him she would meet him at a quiet venue so he could meet his son. She told Aryan that she was taking him to meet a new person, and she asked her boss if he could stand by her for that period. Aryan showed no excitement when Shivanie told him Kevin was his father. He stared at him for a long moment, then surprised everyone when he asked, “So, where were you all this time?”

“Ah… I was working overseas.”

“My mum went through a hard time, but you weren’t there.”

“I know, and I’m sorry about that, but I’m here now.”

“You’re late. We’re doing fine.”

He got up and took Shivanie’s hand. “Let’s go, Mum.”

That stunned Kevin and surprised Shivanie, for it was her boss and now her son who stepped up for her.

In the car going home, she asked him, “What was that?”

“The truth,” he answered casually.

“Wow,” she exclaimed quietly, amazed at his response.

“Maybe it’s because he’s at an age of innocence. When he gets older, he might pay some attention to Kevin being his father,” she thought to herself.

She felt satisfied the problem was now solved, that her boss was willing to give her platonic support, and she could continue living her single life in peace—until...

THE NECESSARY AWARENESS OF COPYRIGHT

I READ about an effort by some Guyanese to promote Copyright Laws in Guyana on 2nd November in the Stabroek News. So, I called a few producing artistes in music, literature, and fine arts, but no one knew about it apart from what was mentioned in the newspaper publication, and the newspapers did not mention who funded it. There are good reasons for making this enquiry, believe me—there are significant reasons, but these are not to be discussed immediately.

Copyright is, for all purposes, a crucial companion of creative folk, whether they are involved in music, literature, graphic design, jewellery, architecture, clothing and accessories, or illustration. There are people out there who don’t care how many years of research and development anyone has attributed to a creative project but will attempt to steal the total rights to that tangible product while smiling with you.

We must understand that the idea you’re playing around with in your mind is not copyrightable. That idea must be developed into a physical image or document before it becomes tangible and then becomes intellectual property to the public.

to do. Register your music, melody, and lyrics with PRS— Performing Rights Society. I’m not a musician, so check the PRS site on the web and explore what’s necessary to protect yourself before you meet any “nice” people.

What are the challenges facing the creative soul in Guyana? In most cases, this rests on the legal ability to combat copyists and the false intentions of pirates. “I can do something for you, so let me hear your music or see your art.” Then comes the praise, and following that, the “We’re buddies” pitch: “Let me have a few hours with your stuff. I’ve got a top producer in the industry with connections who’ll cut through a lot of red tape for you.”

The bottom line is that it’s you who have important work

I say this because I am aware of how perceptions, rather than facts, work. I had a friend who was a top local musician in the 1980s. At the height of his fame, he left Guyana. None of us knew for sure where he had gone. After a year or two, to our surprise, this brother returned—but not as the same jovial man he was. His behaviour had changed; he now leaned on a post on America Street, smiled, and talked to himself, not seeing nor acknowledging anyone in particular. Some said he had gone to Europe, Germany specifically, and that something there had stripped him of his spirit.

None of us had any idea about his experience, though there were whispers about him meeting a Guyanese who was

different things at different times. Up to recently, that man was a resident here, but it’s all just talk without evidence. The possible reality is that my colleague was unprepared for an encounter that enveloped his world—one that may have promised extensive progress for his talents but was just talk. He died without sharing his story.

I experienced a publishing contract that turned sour in 2014. It took almost a year to unravel myself from its tentacles. The would-be publisher wanted me to share the copyright and to cancel the contract before its agreed expiry date. This was for something that had taken me years to develop. I rejected both requests because they were never part of our initial agreement. I’ve kept every correspondence from that experience.

The bottom line is that being talented is not all that matters. Surviving as a creative requires awareness of contracts, starting with a shared Memorandum of Understanding that outlines all intentions. Clear ownership of the creative item through a copyright certificate is crucial. Currently, one has to acquire such certificates overseas. Locally, an ISBN number can be obtained at the CARICOM centre for documents up the coast, though I’m not sure if that platform covers every area of the arts. In closing, be aware of what you sign. If you can’t read, get a lawyer or seek advice from a seasoned talent. Rely on a literate relative if necessary, but keep in mind that it’s a jungle out there.

Why do we suffer?

WHY do human beings suffer? This is a question that has plagued mankind ever since we became capable of thought. This question has been the subject of everything from philosophical ponderings to quiet prayers. Though technological advancements have made the human race virtually invincible, people still suffer and struggle every single day. What’s worse about this fact is that there is no way to guarantee a cure to this problem, regardless of how much we develop, evolve, or grow as a species in the future.

It is simply impossible to prevent human suffering. So, why do we exist if we cannot avoid suffering?

As young people, we learn, amongst other lessons, that life is not meant to be difficult. Sometimes, we must make sacrifices to achieve a greater goal. Sometimes, we must give up a few moments of pleasure for the sake of success. However, when we are making the right choices, life should be enjoyable and filled with moments of joy and peace. It is quite easy, then, to turn our hatred towards some inevitable source of suffering

that disturbs our ability to enjoy life. When we go through a period of grief or pain, we wonder why suffering exists, and we find no satisfying answer to our question. Perhaps instead of asking why suffering exists, we might find enlightenment in asking what we may lose if we never encountered suffering at all.

Recently, I discovered a strange phenomenon that occurred within a research facility called Biosphere 2. This facility was developed to understand and research the nature and qualities of ecosystems within our planet. As part of their research, scientists planted trees within the facility and observed their growth. Shockingly, the trees developed at a faster rate than they would under typical natural conditions. Then, the trees would fall over just as they were about to reach a state of maturity. This was quite puzzling, as even though they were being grown to ensure they had all the resources they needed, they still seemed to fall over just as they were about to mature. Eventually, the scientists analysed the phenomenon and discovered the cause. Although the trees received all the elements needed to sustain them, there was a significant lack of wind within the facility. This meant the saplings were never pushed by the wind during their period of growth and consequently never developed the structure necessary to survive any form of stress or opposition. They did not develop what is called ‘stress wood’ or ‘reaction wood,’ which is denser than normal wood and plays a role in giving the tree its structure and strength.

There are many reasons why people suffer. It may be because of illness, inequality, injustice, or even their own poor choices. However, if we never suffer or struggle in any manner as we grow, then we will fail to develop the qualities needed to live satisfactory lives. In order for us to develop stable identities, we need to encounter situations that lead us to question who we are. It is in situations of suffering that we find answers to this question. If we never suffered, we would never learn what it means to be happy and at peace. We would never learn who we are. It is when we are in the midst of piercing, white light that we understand the gentle beauty of darkness. It is in the middle of a raging storm that we discover just how stunning a moment of silence can truly be. It is at the depths of the most grievous suffering that we find the quintessential beauty of hope.

We suffer to survive. There is truly no greater meaning to suffering. When we suffer, we find the hope that it takes to stand up and walk forward from the pain and trauma we have experienced. It helps us cross the threshold from childhood to adulthood without falling over from the gentle pressures and stresses of daily life. It helps us hold on to our identity and our values even when there are forces around us trying to change us in undesirable ways. When you inevitably encounter your moment of suffering, embrace it and accept the strength that it will leave you with.

REVISITING THE TOPIC OF MANGROVES

THIS column will again touch on Mangroves because of its importance historically, socially and economically.

Diversity, if understood, generates enormous strength and cultural richness in all societies

When the Dutch colonisers first visited Guyana in the 17th century, they observed that Mangroves were growing along the entire coast, in some parts so thick that they could be considered mangrove forests.

ON November 16, International Day of Tolerance was observed worldwide under the auspices of the United Nations. Over the last quarter-of-a-century, the nations or states of the world have become progressively more plural with the emigration and settlement of people of diverse ethnicities, nationalities, cultures, and religions within their borders.

ing, they began to move their settlements to the river banks towards the end of the 18th century. In 1815, when Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice finally ceded to Britain, they were united in 1831 to form the colony of British Guiana.

Though this motto identifies the most important function of mangroves, that is to guard against the flooding by the sea and tidal waves and make the soil less fertile when it would have been impregnated with salt; other positives emanate from mangroves.

The Dutch first settled on the coast and utilised the mangrove as a convenient and easy source of wood for house building, fires for cooking, and even for making boats and rafts. Only when they had cut down large stretches of mangrove and the sea had begun to come up on the land did they understand the importance of mangroves as an effective defence against the sea and flooding. They held up to their mangrove depletion, and to avoid the threat of constant flood-

There are many push factors that drive people to leave their countries and homes and try to settle in other countries, but the two most evident are economic hardship and political instability, which, in most cases, feed on each other. This is manifested by numbers of young people and even children from Asia and Africa trying to enter Europe by boat through Italy and Greece or over the North Sea. In the Americas, the pull is the United States, which hundreds of thousands of Latinos try to enter from Mexico. The transportation of illegal emigrants has become an industry where emigrants pay enormous fees to the smugglers who cram them into unsafe boats or buses in the case of emigrants trying to get into the United States. Every so often, these boats capsize and sink, with most of the emigrants drowning.

Scandinavian countries, invoking their traditions of Democracy and tolerance, willingly accepted such immigrants and tried to integrate them, while other countries, such as France, with far greater numbers, unenthusiastically allowed them to stay. With such large numbers of immigrants, the governments of these

The British developed their colony much faster than the Dutch. Like the Dutch, they empoldered their agricultural land and built sea defences, but it was only in the 20th century, with the growth of Ecological Studies and a deeper understanding of the environment, that the full importance of mangroves came to be grasped.

Tolerance, as defined by the United Nations and the Guyana Ethnic Relations Commission, is “the respect, acceptance and appreciation of the multifaceted diversity of human cultures, ethnicities, religions and languages that make up the world. It is the foundation of peaceful and inclusive societies.”

countries were faced with the problem of dealing with hostility to immigrants, as shown by large sections of the population and electorate, and the problems of integrating them.

Various methods of integration have been or are being tried. In Turkey, the million-plus Syrians are allowed to live in their own communities, while in some of the countries of Europe, they are taught the language and customs of the host community, and employment is found for them.

In September, there were two such accidents - in the Mediterranean, where nearly 800 Africans lost their lives and in the North Sea, where nearly the same number of Pakistanis similarly lost their lives. Thousands of these illegal immigrants, however succeed in getting into Europe, where they spread themselves into various countries.

At first, many countries such as Germany and the

But integration is not happening fast enough, and in every country, immigrants still stand out as an undigested part of the community. This largely arises because host populations have not understood diversity and its value, which would result in tolerance, acceptance and integration. The importance of accepting the message of the International Day of Tolerance has grown worldwide.

The United Nations recognised the importance of mangroves by declaring a Mangrove Day each year with a relevant motto. In this year 2024, the motto is “Mangroves matter. Safeguarding our Coastal Guardians for tomorrow”.

In Guyana, there are areas in the society which are fairly integrated and where tolerance has been completely absorbed. Still, there are areas where the diversities of Guyanese society have not been grasped or understood. It is these areas which the Ethnic Relations Commission will have to study and which are sometimes placed before it as problems to be solved.

There are two levels on which such problems could be approached - the first is to deal with the immediate complaint, which could be racial discrimination of some kind, and the second level is to try to educate society about the meaning of the diversity which many see as the cause of the discord and how the healing force of tolerance could be applied and absorbed. The ERC is quite aware that the second level will take much longer to be understood and suffused with the balm of tolerance.

about and appreciate the different cultures and traditions that make up our nation, challenge stereotypes and prejudices, speak out against intolerance and discrimination and promote empathy and understanding… Let us work to create a more harmonious, tolerant and inclusive

Accordingly, in its International Day of Tolerance message to Guyanese ERC stressed the theme of understanding and tolerance: “Guyana is blessed with a rich heritage of cultures and traditions. This diversity is our greatest strength. It makes our nation more vibrant, dynamic and resilient. All Guyanese must learn

society… and stand up for tolerance, respect and unity.”

The advocacy of understanding and tolerance to gradually eliminate the conflicts and discord caused by diversity is applicable not only to societies or other large groups of people; individuals who

Mangroves provide a home for bees as well as feeding grounds since a large number of flowering plants grow among the mangroves. When hives are established in the vicinity, they provide bountiful honey supplies. Consumers much value mangrove honey.

meet these diversities with tolerance eliminate all tension and worry about them and have pacific, stress-free and happier lives and even enjoy diversity as when they could sample the cuisines from different cultures.

Mangroves are a carbon sink and enhance Guyana’s efforts against climate change. They provide a livelihood for many coastal communities, one food resource being the varieties of fish that live among the mangroves. They are an ecotourism attraction with the rich biodiversity that mangrove forests offer, and the Guyana Tourism Authority and the Ministry of Agriculture are cooperating in this development. Mangrove restoration and preservation support several sustainable development goals (SDGs), to the degree that Guyana is seriously committed to achieving them.

At the recent function of unveiling the plaque at the Kingston Seawall Esplanade in commemoration of International Mangrove Day 2024, the Minister of Agriculture summarised the importance and impact of Mangroves: “Mangroves are our coastal guardians, vital to Guyana’s environmental and economic health”, he said, “they act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and surges, protecting our communities and infrastructure. With over 23,000 hectares of Mangroves, they support fisheries, livelihoods, and food security and provide habitats for diverse wildlife… Mangroves are important in sequestering carbon, enhancing efforts against climate change as outlined in Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030”.

The State has developed a 10-year National Mangrove Action Plan and an Inter-Agency Committee dedicated to promoting sustainable Mangrove management, and over 500 hectares of mangrove have been restored. Since 2010, over $1.9 billion has been invested in mangrove preservation and restoration, and regular injections of money are expected to be made as required. For example, $275 million has been allocated this year to rehabilitation initiatives in Regions Two and Five.

Oral Health Month

WHEN the author of the biblical verse declared that it is what comes out of a man’s mouth that defiles him and not what enters, in a literal context, he was obviously unaware of the fact that the opposite is precisely true. In the late 1990s, the dental and medical communities were revolutionised by research showing a link between oral health and systemic health. The culprit: bacteria. Today, this knowledge seems second nature.

November is celebrated nationally as Oral Health Month. During this month, we are made aware of what oral health entails. Is it the same for everyone, given that many people have different oral conditions, such as missing teeth, restored teeth, and so on? These are good questions to consider, as everyone has different existing conditions.

According to the World Health Organization, “Oral health is a standard of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak, and socialise without active disease, discomfort, or embarrassment and which contributes to general well-being.” Society, in general, has always viewed a pretty smile as an indicator of good teeth and healthy gums. Yet statistics indicate otherwise, and all professional dental organisations advocate for optimal oral health.

Many say that the eyes are the windows to the soul, which means they could be the windows to the body—or, better yet, the doors. It only makes sense that what a person ingests will lead to either a healthy lifestyle or an unhealthy one. We dentists are taught that we should not treat the oral cavity but rather people with an oral cavity. The mouth is not separate from the rest of the body. Why it took centuries to realise that oral bacteria could contribute to declining health may forever remain a mystery.

There are both short-term and long-term effects of what one does today because of diet and exercise routines. Yet many people would rather live for today than worry about tomorrow. For dental professionals, it is imperative to influence patients to make changes to their eating habits if they want to save their teeth. For other healthcare providers, it is essential to influence patients to make lifestyle changes to live longer, healthier lives.

While it certainly occurs, few people die from oral diseases. Yet the cost of treating them is astronomical at all levels: individuals, families, third-party insurance companies, and government agencies. For example, in the United Kingdom, the cost of treating dental disease outweighs the cost of treating all cancers and heart disease (East Sussex, Brighton and Hove Health Authority, 2009). The American Academy of General Dentistry is among those promoting the importance of oral health, recognising that more than 90 percent of all systemic diseases have oral manifestations and that oral infections can affect major organs (bacterial endocarditis). The Surgeon General has reported that some form of periodontal disease or gingivitis affects more than 75 percent of the population.

The statistics reveal the significance of dental professionals in preventing and treating oral diseases, as they may be the first healthcare providers to diagnose a problem. Regular oral healthcare and education are imperative for improving oral health and will impact the well-being of all.

Since the late 1990s, as previously mentioned, it has become more apparent with continued research that not only is cardiovascular disease linked to oral disease, but so are respiratory disease and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) babies. Good or normal bacteria thrive in the same environment as infectious microorganisms. As medical research continues to assist in better understanding this link, oral health practitioners must continue educating patients about the relationship that exists between oral and systemic health.

Of course, bacteria are not the sole influence on systemic diseases that claim the lives of millions each year. Other known risk factors still include stress, tobacco use, high blood pressure, family history, genetics, weight, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity. More risk factors are being discovered every year that can shorten one’s lifespan.

Pitch...

FROM PAGE III

for real-life scenarios where investors don’t have a lot of time. They need to get to the point quickly and effectively,” Tashi noted.

For the finalists, the journey was not just about winning but about gaining confidence and exposure. “It’s not just about winning the competition. Even if you don’t win, the experience and exposure you gain are invaluable. You might say something during your pitch that inspires someone in the audience to help or invest in your business,” Tashi said.

Ultimately, WE3A aims to equip women with the tools and confidence to see themselves not as small business owners but as CEOs of growing enterprises—a vision and confidence, Tashi says, all female entrepreneurs should have. “One of the biggest goals is building confidence. Women need to be able to represent their businesses with pride. You’re not running a ‘small business.’ You’re the CEO of a dynamic, growing enterprise. Own that,” she said.

The passionate competitors all gained valuable feedback focused on improving their business strategies and presentation skills. They were advised to conduct thorough market research, understand their financials, and highlight what sets their products apart. This empowering initiative is changing the lives of women entrepreneurs, helping them step into the world of business better equipped and ready to succeed.

Tashi Browne (centre), alongside a few participants of the event

Financial abuse needs more awareness

Combining business and social change through social enterprises

MANY socio-economic advancements seek to resolve social issues such as poverty or climate change. For many people like myself, the act of selflessness is often associated with social justice movements. Most people volunteer in groups or on projects that aid in community development and social change. These days, however, I see many young people turning their passion for community change into a business. This is not to be mistaken for a non-governmental organisation. These are actual businesses making a profit.

Innovation is highly valued in the world of business. While most businesses twenty years ago operated solely for profit-making, there is an emerging business model known

WHEN you are defining the term “abuse”, do you ever consider financial abuse in those definitions? Often, when I listen to people discuss abuse, I rarely ever hear them mention the category of financial abuse. That can be for a lot of different reasons. Perhaps people are unfamiliar that a person can be financially abused, or they simply do not accept this as a type of abuse. Whatever the reason may be, there are many studies and statistics to prove that people all across the world are being financially abused. For me, the first thing that comes to mind is when the elderly have their money or assets taken away from them without their consent. As with most cases of abuse, financial abuse also entails a struggle or imbalance of power. Financial abuse can be overt or very unnoticeable. It is a form of family violence. Universally, I do not think enough people speak about the damaging effects financial abuse has on the victims. This is quite a powerful method that is used to “trap” victims by making them stay in an abusive relationship. Studies have shown that in 99% of the domestic violence cases that occur, financial abuse is also present. Contrary to the belief that only impoverished people can be victims of financial abuse, this form of abuse does not only affect a specific target population. In most cases, financial abuse occurs in romantic relationships where an abusive partner restricts and limits their partner’s access or ability to spend money. The “allowances” will be fewer and fewer as months go by, and the victim is often forbidden from being employed.

The abuser may use manipulation, fear tactics or even physical abuse to force these ideologies onto the victim if they do not comply. Some cases are often so extreme that even access to purchase food or visit a doctor is affected. Most times, victims are unable to leave these abusive relationships because of their lack of finances, assets or even education on financial independence and literacy. Most times, when victims leave their homes they’re either forced into a shelter or they return to their abusive partner where homelessness is not a concern. This is a key issue that needs further attention on all levels. Money gives one a sense of security and stability. Abusers use it as a tactic to control victims. If victims don’t abide by or obey them, they lose that sense of security or stability by receiving limited or no money.

as a social enterprise. Social enterprises seek to merge profit-making with addressing social or environmental issues. It is not a ‘black and white’ approach to creating solutions. There are many ways to do this while employing business techniques. Take, for instance, the clothing industry, where some consumers would rather purchase ethically sourced clothes instead of mass-produced clothes made in ‘sweat factories’ that underpay and mistreat workers. A local clothing brand that strives to be a social enterprise can also employ its staff from underprivileged communities.

A social enterprise focuses on addressing the root causes of a social issue, provides a business product or service that inte-

This creates an unhealthy dependency. Financial abuse may also come in the form of leaving people in debt unknowingly, stealing the victim’s property, false insurance claims, evading child support or refusing to pay bills. It is not black and white. There are many ways that people can become victims of financial abuse. As such, I am pleading with you all to consider spreading awareness of what financial abuse is and let victims realise that they are indeed victims. Money is used as a powerful tool of control and oppression, and I hope that financial abuse in all of its forms is addressed effectively and efficiently at all levels.

grates a solution into the model, and then sells it for a profit. A strong mission or vision of social or environmental change often drives a social enterprise. Their model of business includes the reinvestment of profits into their social causes through a medium of their choice. This should not be confused with a standard business

occasionally giving sponsorship or funds to a social cause.

The model of a social enterprise creates an existing platform to enact community change—whether it is giving a product to someone in need after you’ve made a purchase or a business that uses only recycled materials in its products.

Unfortunately, in this part of the world, there is little to no policy that protects a social entrepreneur. It can also be very challenging to convince investors, such as loan agencies, to invest in social enterprises due to the lack of awareness surrounding the concept.

Social enterprises are the future of charitable work. Instead of relying on donors and sponsors, like a non-governmental organisation or charity group would, social enterprises remain sustainable by reinvesting their funds into both social causes and the business itself.

An example of a social enterprise is Warby Parker, an American eyeglass vendor. At Warby Parker, for every pair of eyeglasses sold, they donate a pair to someone in need.

If you would like to start a similar venture, ensure you first understand the important challenges or social issues in your community. Once you identify the issue that interests you, conduct thorough research to better understand the causes and effects of the problem as well as potential solutions.

As you brainstorm ideas on how to solve the issue through innovative means, consider collaborating with other local groups. However, identifying the social issue and crafting a solution is only half the work. You will still need a solid business plan. Ensure that as you launch and conduct business, you evaluate the venture to understand its outcomes and any shortcomings.

Instead of returning profits to shareholders, a social enterprise invests its returns into a social programme, such as Warby Parker’s initiative. This concept is crucial for young people whose passion lies in social or environmental change. Social enterprises create an innovative approach to solving problems worldwide, showing us that social or environmental projects and profit-making ventures can be integrated rather than mutually exclusive.

Over time, consumers are becoming more conscious of the products they purchase and the businesses they support. This trend can be leveraged in the start-up of social enterprises. I hope the small communities of the Caribbean and Guyana also allow social enterprises to flourish rather than relying on monopolisation to foster sustainable development.

If you’re considering starting a business, I hope you also consider starting a social enterprise, especially if you’re passionate about social and environmental change. Together, we can advocate across Guyana for the concept of social enterprises and the importance of their role in combatting social issues in our country.

THOUGHT FOR TODAY

Hence no force however great can stretch a cord however fine into an hori- zontal line which is accurately straight. WILLIAM WHEWELL (1794-1866) Elementary Treatise on Mechanics, (1819), ch. iv

STUDY SUCCESS

Dear Student,

Welcome dear reading friend. You at times use some unsuited techniques for learning something brand new. In this case, do away with multi-tasking and cramming. Do not sell your brain short

DECEMBER 01, 2024

trying to refocus, and filter irrelevant information. Never count upon just re-reading and re-watching to learn new stuff. Be organised from the beginning: read, listen, take notes, and possibly sketch. These help your brain organise thoughts. Remember that study success comes along with profitable learning techniques. Be wise.

Love you.

IMPROVING READING

1. Reading for comprehension

Read the following abridged research-based document carefully and then answer Items 1-3 based on what is stated or implied.

Your Reading Ability

People differ widely in their reading ability. They differ in their ability to read speedily, to recognise new words, to organise the author’s ideas in their minds, and to get the author’s meaning. But everyone, the poorest reader as well as the best reader, can improve his reading ability.

Results from reading tests since coming to the secondary school, may help your teacher discuss your performance with you. Test results will reveal not only your general proficiency but also some of your specific strengths and weaknesses. In any case, you should ask yourself such questions as these: Do I enjoy reading in my leisure time? Do I have trouble in identifying new words from context? Do I remember important details in what I read? Your answers will be in a general way, but they will give you a clue as to what special effort is needed to improve your learning through reading.

1. Learning through reading involves all these points except(A) getting the author’s meaning. (B) recognising new words in context.

(C) reading more speedily than ever. (D) reading for author’s ideas.

2. What point that is listed in this item is not positive about reading abilities?

(A) All reading abilities can be improved.

(B) The poorest reader cannot improve his reading ability.

(C) The slow reader can improve his reading ability.

(D) The best reader can improve his reading ability.

3. Why do you consider yourself a proficient enough reader to manage CXC level readings? Tell your considered opinions to your

study partners and listen to theirs. Put them all in a well-written article for comparison with another such one later.

2. Reading for comprehension

Read the following poem carefully and then answer all the questions set on it.

The way we were

They thought that we did not speak English

Our words lilted up to the grey skies

Fell in sweet cadences to our ears only.

We learned that a bloomer was bread.

We learned to count shillings and pence

Not dollars and cents.

Stood waiting in the greengrocers

To buy Irish potatoes to make West Indian soup.

They thought I was too young to understand them.

They did not understand us.

Still waiting, while the greengrocer

And his headscarfed customer discussed us.

Listened to a whole conversation on how

Ugly we were, but then

They looked at me standing

Patiently waiting for

My turn to buy Irish potatoes,

“At least she’s pretty,” they, the ugly ones said and lo and behold

they were talking about me

assuming still that I did not speak English.

Took piano lessons from an elderly

Smoothed-cheeked, old English lady

Who lived music, ergo life.

The piano teacher pushed silver, grey, angel’s hair

From her face and talked to me

Prepared me for exams, which I took.

Knew that I understood English, better than most

Gave me warm Ribena before I entered the cold exam rooms

Fingers stiff with fear, vocal cords contracted with the curse of shyness

Made me skip grade I, go straight to grade II

She always knew what I could do

Taught me new ways to look at life.

(Adapted from Maureen Roberts, “The way we were”)

1. Give the meaning of each stated phrase in the poem: sweet cadences to our ears only, listened to a whole conversation, headscarfed customer, lady who lived music, old English lady.

2. To whom does “we” refer in the poem?

3. What currency (money) is used in the narrator’s own country?

4. What does “lo and behold” tell us about the narrator’s reaction to the conversation?

5. What does the narrator’s use of “they, the ugly ones” tell us about the narrator?

6. Identify the line in the poem at which there is a dramatic change in tone and attitude.

7. Identify two phrases in stanza 3 that tell us about the personality of the narrator.

8. What does “Gave me warm Ribena” tell us about the narrator’s attitude to the English lady?

9a. The narrator gave a picture of her life. What picture did she portray?

b. If this picture describes part of your life let your reader in on it, if not, tell about someone else’s.