Keller Williams Real Estate Agent and Social Media Content Creator, Selena Bacchus
Bringing visibility to Real Estate
Local Agent’s unique approach on social media to leverage more business
Sunday, November 10, 2024
Plant-based products for hair and beard debuts at Favour’s Hair Therapy
Fostering cats and dogs as an animal advocate
WHEN Falana Fraser established Favour’s Hair Therapy, it was out of love due to her son’s hair condition. Today, it has become a thriving small business empowering her to realise her true potential with her own haircare and beard products.
NEETA Mangal doesn’t mind being immersed in animal welfare since she is an avid animal advocate who regularly rescues, rehabilitates, advocates for, and finds homes for mistreated and abandoned animals.
The mother of one told Pepperpot Magazine that she presently has 22 cats and 22 dogs, most of which were rescued from dire situations or abandoned.
She explained that growing up, she was always surrounded by animals, and her love for them deepened as she
oil, hair pomade, beard oil, beard wash and conditioner, edge balm, shampoo and conditioner, hair mist, beard and hair tools.
named business, Favour’s Hair Therapy, “promote(s) healthy and strong growth for all hair types”. It is a small business that started in the kitchen, and it had a trial period before the products were launched.
Uitvlugt but resides at Anna Catherina, West Coast De merara. She is married and has a three-year-old son.
the birth of her child, she noticed that he had issues with hair growth, and parts of his head were very patchy with no hair, and she wanted to change that.
detailed research, and af ter gaining knowledge, she experimented with some ingredients and made a hair oil from aloe, coconut oil and onion.
the home-made oil into her son’s hair/scalp, and within a short time, she noticed a difference: his bald spots were replaced with new hair growth, and soon he had a full head of hair which could be held in a ponytail.
her son’s once-patchy hair was replaced by full hair growth within three to four months, and today, his hair remains healthy and full.
Magazine that the positive results in her child’s hair process motivated her to make more of the plantbased hair oil and she began sharing it among family members.
within her family tree, and one day, her father encour aged her to utilise her new found skill to establish a small business to bring in an income to her home.
launched her products in which the hair oil infused
is used in the production of the products, including essential oils.
small business, she operates from the confines of her home but has pick-up locations in the city and on the West Coast Demerara.
with rosemary oil became the best seller. She branded her products and went about to become a registered busiand everything from plants
it pains me. I am compelled to assist, even if I have to take that dog or cat home with me to foster them until I find a good home. It is who I am; this is my way of life. I chose this, and I feel it chose me, too, because it feels fulfilling. It’s my purpose to help animals every day, and it is not a one-time thing,” she explained.
Mangal reported that her daughter, who is also an animal lover, assists her in fostering dogs and cats at their home.
She added that as a volunteer in animal advocacy, fostering animals involves a lot of work, especially given the number of animals they have at home. They are constructing a large enough cage to accommodate all the animals so they do not roam around and cause issues with neighbours.
Mangal told Pepperpot Magazine that she has been forced to move four times and recently relocated to Annan-
registered with the authorities is an avenue for networking and marketing the products, and it is beneficial to have all your prod -
got older, developing a strong connection with them. This connection drives her to bring relief to suffering animals she encounters daily.
“I cannot walk the streets and see an animal suffering;
She related that being
sistency and money to stay
afloat.
is to produce top-quality, effective products and she would like to become num
dale, East Coast Demerara, where she is renting. The owner often does not have the space to accommodate so many animals altogether.
She disclosed that she is awaiting the title for her house lot so she can start constructing her very own house with adequate space (a sanctuary) for the animals in her care.
The 50-year-old stated that fostering animals is her way of life, and she has been doing whatever she can to give them a better life, though many are often not adopted.
Tok, and I often have to produce daily content to promote my products and I can say I have a few loyal customers. I supply a few salons, spas and barber shops, the Guyana Shop and Coss Cutter Supermarket with my products in which sales have been fair,” she said.
Presently, she cannot take in any more cats and dogs because she is overwhelmed, but she will care for those she has. She would appreciate donations of pet rice, dry dog food, and cat food to sustain the daily feeding of all the animals in her care.
Mangal explained that she doesn’t see raising animals as a burden because she treats them as part of her family, and she is proud that her 29-year-old daughter has adopted her habit of bringing home strays and animals that need a home.
ber one in haircare and beard oils.
“For the very first time, this year, I had a booth at the Emancipation Day celebrations in the National Park and I was pleased with the response I attracted through my products, which I am using as a motivating factor to keep going,” she said.
The animal lover noted that she has a job three times per week, while her daughter has a full-time job, and they both strive to provide meals daily for the animals.
Fraser is the holder of a degree in Public Management from the University of Guyana and is certified in law from London University. Being self-employed is quite empowering and she feels that there is no restraint in becoming successful in business through networking, marketing and consistency.
Mangal reported that, sometimes, she receives a donation of a bag of dry dog food, but lately, people have not been contributing as they did before. She has the help of two people who assist her in feeding and the general upkeep of the animals daily, which is a big help.
Mangal pointed out that, at times, people adopt the
Fraser always represents her brand, Favour’s Hair Therapy, with her custom-made shirts and other products, which she proudly wears and display.
Falana Fraser, entrepreneur.
Favour’s Hair Therapy plant-based products (Yohan Savory photos)
Cats and a dog sharing space
Neeta Mangal
Neeta Mangal and one of her 22 dogs
More than just the lottery
Guyana Lottery Company helping Guyanese to realise dreams for 28 years
By Michel Outridge
THE Guyana Lottery Company (GLCL) was established in Guyana in early 1996 with the launch of Instant Ticket games, followed by the 3D daily numbers game in February 1997. The highly demanded “Lotto” game, now the Lotto Super game, was launched in May 1997. Since its inception 28 years ago, the company, through its various lottery games, has helped thousands of Guyanese to realise their dreams and has made a positive contribution to the social and economic landscape in Guyana. Additionally, the company has contributed billions of dollars to the national treasury, which has been used for the social and economic development of Guyana.
Recently, Pepperpot Magazine met with Kalima Ali, the newly appointed General Manager, to learn more about the lottery and its impact in Guyana. Ali explained that the company’s existence in Guyana goes beyond the lottery itself, and, over the years, it has contributed sig-
the company has supported good causes via community-based projects and educational needs, among others, as long as these fall within their policy governing donations. “We have assisted in breast cancer awareness, school projects via donations of trophies for top performers at exams, and towards libraries, orphanages, maternal and childcare health, sports activities, youth and community empowerment, care and socialisation for the elderly, among many other areas.”
Ali noted that because it is a lottery company, people often believe they have a lot of money to donate. She shared that she would be elated to respond to every request, but unfortunately, that is not possible. Nonetheless, she explained that through the winnings from various games, the biggest being the Lotto Super 6, many people’s lives have changed positively.
Most of the players who have won lottery prizes usually re-invest their winnings into enhancing their lives by paying off mortgages, debts, financing education for their
ticket.
“This is what the lottery represents—an opportunity for many to realise their dreams and aspirations,” Ali explained.
The General Manager of GLCL highlighted that the company is very much interested in continuing to grow in Guyana and expand its community engagements and projects to support good causes. Through various marketing initiatives, the company has increased its outreach to communities, recently engaging with residents in Vreed-en-Hoop, West Coast Demerara; Parika, East Bank Essequibo; New Amsterdam, Berbice; Canje; and Corentyne, where they were well-received and had positive engagements with the public.
The Guyana Lottery Company has become a household name to many and is seen as a trusted partner. Ali pointed out that these public interactions were beneficial, and they plan to visit far-flung and remote villages as they expand throughout Guyana.
The Guyana Lottery Company held its first pub-
nificantly to social projects in many areas to promote positive community engagements and socio-economic development.
She told Pepperpot Magazine that, while they do not conform to any designated charitable organisations,
children and families, buying homes and properties, and investing in businesses, among other things. This has allowed Guyanese to create a better standard of living for themselves, their families, and their communities with the purchase of just one
company’s office to claim his prize. He started playing the Lotto at age 18 and finally became a winner. He indicated that he would use the money to pay off his mortgage and invest in his own business.
Ali added that this is just one of many success stories they have had with people who won and used the money to improve their lives and become debtfree, as well as raise their standard of living in many ways. There are many success stories of how winners have utilised their winnings to upgrade their lives and secure a bright future for themselves and their families. It would be interesting to connect with all past winners, she said.
The GLCL provides direct full-time employment for 60 staff at the head office on Lamaha Street and at their regional offices in Georgetown at the Guyana Post Office Corporation Building and in New Amsterdam, Berbice. Indirectly, the company employs more than 200 agents across the country who receive commissions on each of the games and products they sell.
lic drawing on Wednesday, February 27, 2002, outside the then-Subway Fast Food outlet on Water Street, with hopes of holding more public drawings in the future.
She explained that just last Monday, the $37M jackpot winner walked into the
Many business owners, especially small business owners, are interested in selling GLCL products as it boosts their business. Through its lottery products, GLCL promotes the businesses of many small business owners across the country who look forward
to their sizable commissions on sales.
In addition, they have two Blast Centres for virtual lottery games and traditional lottery games, which cater to more tech-savvy customers. These are located at Mandela Avenue, Georgetown, and at Enmore, East Coast Demerara.
Regarding unclaimed winnings, Ali said they do not touch those funds. She explained that they would advertise for winners to come forward as sometimes people are unaware they have won a prize or may have misplaced winning tickets. After a period, however, they cannot do anything further. She pointed out that they can only know where the winning ticket was purchased but cannot identify winners.
Ali told Pepperpot Magazine that playing the lottery is normal, and for the past 28 years, they have been doing business in Guyana. Agents and staff have become familiar with the regular players and others, and they do keep an eye on their gaming activities. She added that the company has very strict policies that are enforced to ensure responsible gaming, and tickets are only sold to persons 18 years and older.
Ali disclosed that since their debut in Guyana, 50% of their staff members still remain with the company, and the GLCL is a good place to work, as the environment is favourable, with priority
placed on staff welfare and development.
Ali became the General Manager of GLCL on August 26, 2024. Prior to joining the GLCL, she held multiple high-ranking jobs in the public sector and international community, including roles at Global Affairs Canada, the Guyana Gaming Authority, the Ministry of Amerindian Affairs, and formerly the Government News Agency (GINA).
Ali has held top positions in these organisations for years, so she brings a mixture of both local and international experience and a clear standard to the GLCL. Her vision is the continued growth of the company by expanding its business operations, improving customer satisfaction, fostering good relations with all stakeholders, enhancing employee engagement, and giving back to the local economy.
Meanwhile, Marketing Manager, Donielle Barnes, added that the GLCL has always been at the forefront of contributing to society in a meaningful way, especially where communities are the main beneficiaries. She explained that they have a clear scope in engaging stakeholders and expanding their products across the country. Barnes stated that they remain committed to fostering good customer relations and staff engagement.
Donielle Barnes.
General Manager of GLCL, Kalima Ali (Japheth Savory photos)
The boat captain Making the waters part of his lifestyle
By Michel Outridge
SAMUEL Ramroop, better known as “Sammy”, has other means of earning a living, but he prefers to provide a reliable, safe service to the public via his two speedboats, which ply the Parika to Supenaam route.
The 38-year-old told Pepperpot Magazine that as a young man, he always had an interest in being self-employed and worked towards that life goal. He reported that he comes from a family of farmers. At a young age, he was introduced to farming but also had a great love for working with speedboats, a skill he used to bring in extra income.
Ramroop began working with different speedboat owners on their boats until he got
years
The father of one said that
buyers.
Ramroop stated that he lost his daughter to a road accident in 2021 while she was on her way home from school, and he does not think he can recover from that. Despite such challenges, he has pushed ahead to become the best version of himself in many ways, including becoming a farmer and a fulltime speedboat operator who captains his own boat while employing others.
Ramroop is a friendly and kind individual—qualities that help him maintain good relations with passengers while providing efficient service to the travelling public.
that he was financially able to buy his own speedboats outfitted with engines to ply the Parika/Supenaam route, providing a safe service for passengers.
Ramroop added that it took him many years of working and learning to move from a bowman to a boat captain, but it was worth it because of the experiences and knowledge gained during
hard work and true dedication paid off when he was finally able to acquire his own boats, named Touch and Let Go and Senorita.
The two speedboats are outfitted with 200-horsepower engines, and he has another boat with a 40-horsepower engine, which is only used for farming purposes, such as taking his produce to Parika Stelling to sell to wholesale
“As a boat captain, I take safety seriously because I am responsible for the people travelling on my boats. It is in order with all safety mechanisms in place, including life jackets, which must be worn at all times during the journey. I adhere to all safety measures and stipulations, and I am registered with the Marine Administration Department (MARAD),” he said.
In the span of 20 years, Ramroop has gained much knowledge and has come to love what he does for a living. One of his favourite places to visit is Baganara Resort for the clean environment, which is serene, and for the staff, service, and
licensed as a speedboat captain. It was after seven
that time.
Boat captain, Samuel Ramroop
One of his two speed boats moored
Pak choi cultivation at Hogg Island
Young male cake artist from Berbice defying the odds
By Marissa V. Foster
THE art of baking and cake decorating has often been categorised as a women-dominated field. Despite this, Jonathan Parshotam, mostly known as “Jonnixx” or “Nation”, is one male cake artist who is shining in the industry with his creativity and passion. Jonathan grew up with his tight-knit, supportive family, along with amazing neighbours. He attended Rosehall Town Primary and J.C. Chandisingh Secondary before moving on to study electrical engineering at the New Amsterdam Technical Institute (NATI). He described his upbringing as very simple. “We didn’t have everything, but what we had was what we needed,” said Jonathan. His parents taught him values that he uses to this very day, and they ensured he showed love regardless of appearance. These values have proven vital to his success in business and other chosen paths. The instilment of a good work ethic and the pursuit of greatness is what allowed him to defy all odds.
Pepperpot Magazine asked Jonathan what inspired him to start a cake business, and he responded by saying, “My mother actually started this
business. It was named after her, ‘Sabrina.’” He remembers watching her make these cakes and always wondered how it was even possible. For him, it was a new world, and it certainly piqued his interest and imagination. “I took the bait and went down to ‘YouTube University’, as I call it, and soaked up all the knowledge I possibly could.”
He wanted to learn as many skills as he could to contribute to the business. He started by taking pictures and packaging the cakes, and later, he be -
A Rupunzel cake made by Jonathan Parshotam at Sabrina’s Cake Creations
Berbice Cake Artist, Jonathan Parshotam
Jonathan Parshotam in the process of completing a Safari theme cake
SEE PAGE XIX
Bringing visibility to Real Estate
Local Agent’s unique approach on social media to leverage more business
By Marissa V. Foster.
GUYANA is developing its landscape through infrastructural developments such as international hotels, franchised centres, and modern housing. Real estate is one of the many rapidly growing fields, with professionals such as Selena Bacchus, working to raise the standards in the industry. Selena currently leverages real estate sales and investments through innovative social networking techniques. Using her know-how, Selena has merged content creation, marketing, and real estate on her social media platforms.
Selena explained that her strategy varies based on the social media platform she uses. “For instance, my TikTok account sees more humour related to real estate, whereas my LinkedIn posts are a lot more professional and informative. For Facebook and Instagram, I’m more relaxed with my content surrounding real estate,” she said. Her winning
strategy is finding a way to incorporate humour into real estate content.
As a child, Selena and her family frequently moved, allowing her to experience both rural and urban life. She was exposed to people from all cultures and walks of life, further enhancing her ability to relate to others. Her family owned a business that allowed frequent trips to Guyana’s interior. As a result, she alternated schools in Georgetown and Mahdia. She attended private schools for most of her educational years. She credits the School of the Nation’s programme for helping her during those years. Selena was a student there from Grade Three and is now completing her Master Degree at the same institution.
Selena is fortunate to have found a team and company at Keller Williams Guyana, an international real estate agency that supports her in being her authentic self and allows her to project her own brand into her work. Selena described real estate as a natural progression from her love for marketing and earlier work
experience in both sales and marketing. She has created an immense network over the last four years, and these connections have proven valuable in her transition to the real estate market. “In my mind, I simply moved from selling business services and consumer products to selling houses and land,” stressed Selena. The strategies and platforms used to reach clients remained the same. She believes her main purpose is to connect people with other people or organisations.
Pepperpot Magazine questioned Selena on the challenges of the real estate industry, to which she replied, “The challenge is definitely the pace of the trade. It’s almost a rat race where clients will quickly move on to the next agent if you aren’t engaging them almost immediately. That being said, personal time can quickly be eaten up with customer engagement if you aren’t strict with working times and boundaries.” Selena employs simple tactics like instant messages or automatic responses, along with much of the technology provided by Keller Williams
Guyana, to help her with this dilemma.
She highlighted the realities of the real estate industry in Guyana, explaining that there is no secret that real estate prices are “jacked up.” However, increased pricing is simply a consequence of the low supply of housing in the market, and as the basic law of economics states, “If demand outweighs supply, price will rise,” and that’s what Guyana has been experiencing, said this top emerging real estate agent. As developers continue to build homes, apartments, and commercial and industrial buildings, prices will reduce. According to Selena, this is already evident on the East Bank of Demerara. There has been a massive increase in the number of real estate developments concentrated in the Providence area in less than five years. Now, demand has migrated to the East Coast, following developments like ExxonMobil’s office relocating to Ogle.
Selena looks forward to creating more content, and combating misinformation about real estate agents while expanding her clientele and network through humour and authenticity. “I love how versatile my practice currently is as I handle residential, commercial, and industrial deals,” said Selena. She looks forward to specialising in a niche that will make her more prominent in the industry. For more on her content and career, you can visit her TikTok account: @yourrealestatebestiegy.
Selena Bacchus
Keller Williams Real Estate Agent and Social Media Content Creator, Selena Bacchus
Forgotten Exiles
-A New Collection of Stories
WITH the release of his latest book, Forgotten Exiles, Guyanese-Canadian writer, Cyril Dabydeen, continues to captivate readers with his explorations of identity, belonging, and cultural dislocation. Known for his sharp, evocative storytelling, Dabydeen’s new short story collection looks at themes of exile and homecoming, exploring the complexities of the immigrant experience in rich detail. The book is published by Mosaic Press and has been met with praise for its nuanced portrayal of characters navigating life between the cultural landscapes of Guyana and Canada.
Dabydeen was born in Guyana and is a former Ottawa Poet Laureate. He is celebrated for his capacity to render vivid portraits of his characters’ inner lives while addressing larger social issues. His own journey from Guyana to Canada mirrors the tension between “outsider” and “insider” that defines many of his characters, often caught between their Caribbean roots and North American realities. His previous works, including My Undiscovered Country and My Multi-Ethnic Friends and Other Stories, have similarly touched on themes of displacement and self-discovery.
As per a press release
by
Cyril Dabydeen
that explores identity, belonging, and the immigrant experience multiple worlds, often feeling the pull of a homeland that is both physically distant and deeply embedded in their sense of self.
shared by the author’s team, in Forgotten Exiles, Dabydeen expands on these themes through sixteen intricately crafted stories that shift between the wilds of Canada’s Lake Superior region and the bustling towns along the coast of Guyana. This juxtaposition of landscapes highlights his gift for seamlessly blending contrasting settings and, as Canadian Literature observes, “crossing boundaries” of both place and identity. Many of these stories were first published
in respected literary journals, solidifying Dabydeen’s position as a major voice in Canadian and post-colonial literature.
Reviewers have highlighted Dabydeen’s ability to capture the essence of his characters’ lives with language that reflects both the Guyanese dialect and Canadian idioms, creating a unique rhythm and “kaleidoscopic quality,” as Montreal Serai describes it. This literary style shows the duality of his characters, who navigate
Through Dabydeen’s compelling narratives, readers encounter characters who grapple with race, class, and relationships, including complex “triangles of love” that illuminate social concerns and personal conflicts. These stories, while grounded in the specifics of Dabydeen’s heritage, also address universal
themes of identity and longing that resonate widely. “It is the epiphany, the moment of illumination, which comes out of an ordinary experience,” notes Peter Nazareth in World Literature Today, pinpointing the poignancy with which Dabydeen captures seemingly simple yet transformative moments.
Forgotten Exiles also reflects Dabydeen’s work as a social activist and educator. Having taught creative writing at the University of
Ottawa and participated in literary events around the world, he brings a global perspective to his work. Dabydeen’s accolades, including nominations for the prestigious IMPAC Dublin Literary Award and recognition from the Canadian Parliament, underscore his significance as a cultural ambassador, bridging the Caribbean and Canadian
Being truly, wholly, you
HUMAN beings are social creatures. From the moment we are born, we depend on each other to learn how to act and speak. In fact, for the first few months of a baby’s life, they cannot differentiate themselves from their caretakers. They do not realise that they are separate human beings but believe that they are connected to their caretakers. They think that their emotions, needs, and desires are all combined with those of their guardian. Even as we grow up, we bond deeply with our family members and friends, developing similar interests and preferences. This bond is so deep that when someone we love is crying or laughing, we find ourselves feeling these emotions as well.
The social nature of human beings is not always centred around the need to form bonds and connect. In some cases, it is simply about desiring to be liked and validated. For example, many young people follow celebrities and trends on social media. They then take inspiration from these trends and celebrities to shape parts of their own identity, such as their fashion, language, and even their very appearance. They do this not to form emotional bonds with celebrities but to emulate the qualities that garnered the celebrities’ praise and admiration. This need to follow trends and constantly seek the positive opinions of others is usually harmless and a normal part of adolescence. However, when we allow this need to overtake
our every decision, even as we enter adulthood, we push ourselves onto a path where we no longer get to be ourselves.
Today, we can look up at the sun and imagine our planet revolving around it. We can heal stomach ulcers with the help of antibiotics. We can map out routes all the way around the Earth without considering, even for a moment, whether we might fall off the planet. All of these facts are a natural part of everyday life, so much so that they have become incorporated into the basic information that children learn in school. However, once upon a time, these facts were nothing more than theories, and those who proposed or supported them were viewed as bizarre. Not only were these great thinkers and scientists ridiculed, but some were also persecuted and forced to retract or hide their theories under the threat of death. These very theories have since been proven to be facts of great importance, serving as the foundation for many other areas of research.
Our unity and connection as a collective human race are indisputably great strengths. Nevertheless, this very quality can, in some cases, begin to limit us if we are never willing to risk others’ opinions of us for the sake of self-discovery or simple curiosity. If the great scientists and philosophers of the past had destroyed every thought and theory because they feared how their colleagues would view them, we would never
have evolved as much as we have today.
Every day, we face several decisions that shape us as individuals. Most of these decisions have consequences that only affect us. When we reach the end of our respective journeys, the only way we can dispel the pain of potential regrets is with the deep belief that every decision we made was for the sake of either ourselves or the general betterment of the world and not just because we wanted to please those around us. Can you imagine the bitterness of having to justify a poor decision to yourself when you know deep inside that you did not make it for a meaningful reason?
We are just as powerful and unique as we are social. While connections are important, it is even more important to learn to distinguish the boundary between taking inspiration from others and being entirely controlled by them. We are all capable of ideas and thoughts that are wholly and truly ours in every sense. Some of these ideas can change the world for the better. Let us not suppress them for the sake of fickle opinions.
Forgotten
FROM PAGE VII
...
literary traditions.
Beyond his fiction, Dabydeen’s career as a poet has enriched his storytelling. His poetry collection Imaginary Origins: New and Selected Poems (Peepal Tree Press) is a demonstration of his mastery of language and imagery, qualities that permeate his short stories as well. As George Elliott Clarke, former Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate, remarks, Dabydeen’s writing is “astute in politics and artful in poetics,” revealing the depth of his insights into the immigrant experience and the human condition.
In Forgotten Exiles, Dabydeen also presents a world of characters who, despite the challenges of displacement, demonstrate resilience and adaptability. His storytelling is praised as “seamless between past and present, fantasy and reality” (Canadian Literature) and draws readers into an immersive world where cultural identities collide, intertwine, and evolve.
Dabydeen’s latest collection solidifies his reputation as a master storyteller with a gift for weaving stories that transcend geographic and cultural divides. Forgotten Exiles is a testament to his ongoing contribution to Canadian literature, as well as to the broader conversation on immigration, identity, and what it means to belong.
For readers looking to explore the beauty and complexity of the diasporic experience, Forgotten Exiles offers a powerful, thought-provoking journey through the eyes of a writer whose work continues to shape Canadian and global literary landscapes.
THE INNER DIMENSIONS OF THE EDEN QUANDARY STILL DEFY NORMALCY
THE Eden quandary transcends its Biblical narrative. It is a drama that still influences and haunts us today. The social ideal that challenges instant reality can be easily encapsulated in the concept of “the devil’s suggestions” in plural form. In this context, the imposition of “will” is conveyed through multiple propositions, creating a medium that aims to transcend the logic of obvious possibilities and the patience required to shape ideals into reality.
To even defy the rationale of the forbidden fruit and any hesitation to heed warnings is then seen as a mark of cowardice, a misunderstanding of those who ate and perished before. It is further interpreted that it was not the fruit itself but rather the hesitation—the choice not to act when encouraged—that led to the consequence of lost balance and the descent into chaos, as the game of guilt, blame, and accusation takes over. This descent eventually leads to either fatal emotional outcomes or serious physical consequences of error.
If the above paragraph does not underscore the importance of paying attention, then why is our media filled with images of beautiful young and not-so-young souls? These images often sit above narratives describing fatal or emotionally charged physical clashes. True, we live in a world of loud, irrational, and physical simplifications of profound states that are alluring. There is nothing wrong with beautiful things—whether they are cinematic, storefront displays, or items serving livelihoods on a conscientious platform that fulfils needs rather than feeding a ‘magical want’ that goes beyond logical circumstances.
How should society, and whatever rational intellect remains, counter such influences? What is the remedy for illogical irrationality, and can reason temper it? In that it exists but cannot be understood, much less intellectually contained? Is this the forbidden fruit, or is it instead the allure of its unspoken social doctrine that entices and subdues? It would be unfair not to offer an analogy for what I believe may be the answer to the “Eden Quandary” in our age: the division of gender egos. Though slowly dissipating, I have witnessed its persistence.
I had a colleague who was a Justice of the Peace. He invited me to his home to complete some documents, and upon our arrival, he guided me to a desk. He offered me a seat and removed a vase of artificial flowers that rested on the folding desk. He murmured to me, “I told this lady I’m using this desk, and yet she continues to decorate it with her flowers.” I didn’t respond, and we continued with the paperwork. After paying him, he walked me to the door. He glanced back, and I followed his gaze. I gestured in good humour and said, “Bro, it’s the table. You need a new one. When you bought that one, the vase and flowers came with it, I’m sure of it.” He interrupted with a smirk, “The table came with the vase and those plastic flowers? I’m going to try your suggestion—not paying you for it—and see if a new working table will solve it.” I left in good humour.
This interaction could have escalated into a clash of gender egos, ending unpredictably. It highlighted that, over time, there has been a definite need for a script addressing the changing dynamics of gender roles and realms. Such a script would allow people, even outside of the legions of hecklers and bearers of bad advice who embody the old serpent’s presence, to abide together reasonably.
Your first draft is finished…now what?
On January 16, 2014, as a young writer in Guyana, I made a bold decision: I would write a full-length thriller novel. In the Guyanese literary canon, most of the work by contemporary authors centres on poetry and short story anthologies. Inspired by a desire to expand the local literary landscape, I set out to contribute a full-length fiction novel. I knew since then that this would be a huge undertaking, given the challenges of limited resources and anonexistentlocal publishing industry. Nearly 11 years later, in a hotel room in Paris in September 2024, I completed the first draft of my debut novel, Leech.
When I started this column, I did so with the aim of sharing insights I gained in my journey toward becoming
a professional writer in Guyana, including various aspects of the writing process and options for publishing and earning from their work. As I venture on this new journey, I thought it would also be useful to share the steps I am taking to bring Leech to publication.
Reaching the finish line
Completing Leech has been one of the most challenging undertakings of my life. To clarify, I have not been writing continuously for those 11 years. Cumulatively, I’d say the process tookabout two to three years. But in the absence of a supportive writing community, resources, and capacity-building opportunities, the journey often felt isolating. Writing alone requires both discipline and motivation—two
qualities that are easier to maintain with a community to lean on. So when writer’s block, self-doubt and life disruptionscame into play at various parts of the timeline, lengthy stalls came with them. Throughout that time, however, research became my saving grace. I sought support and met excellent writing coaches who played crucial roles in helping me reach the finish line.
My first piece of advice to fellow writers embarking on a similar journey is to consider hiring a writing coach. But while input from experienced writers and editors in any field is helpful, I would advise that you seek out someone who specialises in your genre for the best results. Writers often become deeply attached to their work, and a coach can provide the
technical perspective to guide you through weaknesses or blind spots in your manuscript. Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of working with two incredible coaches whose guidance helped bring Leech to life.
Hiring a writing coach
My first coach, Jim Parsons, a retired Australian En-
distract me- she knew me so well. Instead, she focused on helping me overcome immediate challenges and guided me back on track to writing. When I finally completed the draft in September, her response was, “Congratulations on finishing this book.
I have wondered about you often. It’s one of the most interesting books I have ever
Editing is a multi-layered process that addresses different aspects of the work. Depending on the depth of edits needed and the available budget, writers can choose or will be advised (if they have a team) about which types of editing to invest in. After reviewing my manuscript, I opted to pursue developmental editing (addressing struc-
glish teacher and enthusiast of horror and thriller fiction, guided me in transforming Leech from a one-dimensional concept to a nuanced story with more relatable characters, and that transformation allowed the story to take on a life of its own. Sadly, Jim passed away sometime after our sessions concluded, but I hope the finished work will make him proud.
Later, when I found myself once again struggling with writer’s block, I metStephanie Miller, a New York-based developmental editor and author of Big Waves & Wooden Benches and Forgive Me Grandma, For I Have Sinned. Stephanie went through the half-written manuscript and thenfirmly withheld her developmental feedback. She insisted that finishing the manuscript was essential and any structural feedback before then would
Leech, 2025
edited, and I was genuinely bummed I only got to read half of it—I had to know what happened!” Coaches like Stephanie and Jim are essential allies. I am thrilled to now have Stephanie on board as Leech’s developmental editor, which I’ll cover in more detail in next week’s column.
What comes next?
The first step after completing a draft, as many will advise, is to take a break. The aim is to distance yourself from your manuscript, allowing time for your mind to reset before you dive into revisions. However, given that Leech took nearly 11 years to complete, I had already taken plenty of breaks.
I immediately began a fresh review, assessing the draft as an external reader to identify any issues without yet making changes. This stage set the groundwork for the next phase: editing.
tural and narrative issues) and copyediting (correcting grammar, spelling, and punctuation). Proofreading and feedback from beta readers will follow before publication.
I plan to unpack each step of this process in upcoming columns. Currently, I’m awaiting feedback from my developmental editor, fully aware that extensive work lies ahead. It’s an exciting yet nerve-wracking phase, but I am thrilled to be on this journey and even more so to share it with you.
Writing can feel like a solitary endeavour, yet it’s crucial to share our experiences, especially when resources are limited. The steps I’m taking may not be universal, but I hope they will serve as useful guidance for other local writers navigating their own paths to publication. Join me as we bring Leech to print!
DR SHAILENDRA SUGRIM PUSHES ON PROGRAMME OF EYE CARE FOR CHILDREN AND THE ELDERLY
REVISITING THE TOPIC OF MANGROVES
THIS column will again touch on Mangroves because of its importance historically, socially and economically.
GUYANA, like most third-world countries, has the ambition of achieving the social and economic standards which prevail in first-world countries like the United States or Germany. Guyana is much better situated than most to achieve those standards in a short time because it has become an oil country earning fairly bountiful revenues which it could invest in social and economic development, at the same time taking meticulous care to avoid being caught in the trap of the Dutch Disease.
When the Dutch colonisers first visited Guyana in the 17th century, they observed that Mangroves were growing along the entire coast, in some parts so thick that they could be considered mangrove forests.
The Dutch first settled on the coast and utilised the mangrove as a convenient and easy source of wood for house building, fires for cooking, and even for making boats and rafts. Only when they had cut down large stretches of mangrove and the sea had begun to come up on the land did they understand the importance of mangroves as an effective defence against the sea and flooding. They held up to their mangrove depletion, and to avoid the threat of constant flood-
The Dutch Disease, sometimes called the Resource Curse, occurs when a country which has become an oil producer succumbs to the mesmerising gravitational pull of oil and oil revenues, resulting in the neglect and contraction of former industries. When oil resources become exhausted or revenues fall owing to the vagaries of international oil prices, such countries rapidly slide into economic hardship because their other industries would have declined or contracted.
Guyana is employing its oil revenues as an investment in its social and economic development. In economic development, the country’s infrastructure is being transformed with
ing, they began to move their settlements to the river banks towards the end of the 18th century. In 1815, when Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice finally ceded to Britain, they were united in 1831 to form the colony of British Guiana.
new roads and bridges. Old industries, especially agricultural, are being revitalised, and new ones, like soya and maise, are being embarked upon. In social development, the primary focus has been on education and health, though comparatively minor social concerns like pensions and shelters for the homeless have not been forgotten. In health, for example, it is mostly the macro segments upon which the media reports. It reports on the new hospitals, the training of various categories of medical personnel, the construction of paediatric and maternal hospitals, and so on, but far less notice is given to smaller specialised segments of health care. One such segment is eye care among children and the elderly.
The British developed their colony much faster than the Dutch. Like the Dutch, they empoldered their agricultural land and built sea defences, but it was only in the 20th century, with the growth of Ecological Studies and a deeper understanding of the environment, that the full importance of mangroves came to be grasped.
The United Nations recognised the importance of mangroves by declaring a Mangrove Day each year with a relevant motto. In this year 2024, the motto is “Mangroves matter. Safeguarding our Coastal Guardians for tomorrow”.
In colonial times, public diagnosis and treatment for eye and dental ailments among school children was extremely sporadic. Most children who had dental problems or needed spectacles knew their parents would have been unable to bear the expenses of their treatment, so they had to suffer in silence. Today, both the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education are committed to ensuring the health of all children. In eye care, Dr Shailendra Sugrim, Specialist Ophthalmologist
Though this motto identifies the most important function of mangroves, that is to guard against the flooding by the sea and tidal waves and make the soil less fertile when it would have been impregnated with salt; other positives emanate from mangroves.
and Head of the Ophthalmology Department of the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), has been lending technical expertise and guidance to the programme of testing the eyes of all school children, with those who need spectacles obtaining them through a voucher system.
Mangroves provide a home for bees as well as feeding grounds since a large number of flowering plants grow among the mangroves. When hives are established in the vicinity, they provide bountiful honey supplies. Consumers much value mangrove honey.
Dr Sugrim pointed out that the three main eye ailments which affect children are myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), and astigmatism, which causes rays of light to focus in different directions owing to the shape of the cornea. All three could be corrected with spectacles, but if children and parents neglect using these corrective aids, their eyes could deteriorate into amblyopia or ‘lazy’ eyes, resulting in blurred vision that cannot be corrected in adulthood. This programme, which ensures that the children of Guyana enjoy healthy eyes, is among the most important and necessary health initiatives undertaken and is of historic importance. The elderly will also receive free eye tests and spectacles. The programme is bound to be successful since it is adequately funded and involves dedicated and able professionals like Dr Sugrim, thereby moving Guyana nearer to First World standards.
Mangroves are a carbon sink and enhance Guyana’s efforts against climate change. They provide a livelihood for many coastal communities, one food resource being the varieties of fish that live among the mangroves. They are an ecotourism attraction with the rich biodiversity that mangrove forests offer, and the Guyana Tourism Authority and the Ministry of Agriculture are cooperating in this development. Mangrove restoration and preservation support several sustainable development goals (SDGs), to the degree that Guyana is seriously committed to achieving them.
At the recent function of unveiling the plaque at the Kingston Seawall Esplanade in commemoration of International Mangrove Day 2024, the Minister of Agriculture summarised the importance and impact of Mangroves: “Mangroves are our coastal guardians, vital to Guyana’s environmental and economic health”, he said, “they act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and surges, protecting our communities and infrastructure. With over 23,000 hectares of Mangroves, they support fisheries, livelihoods, and food security and provide habitats for diverse wildlife… Mangroves are important in sequestering carbon, enhancing efforts against climate change as outlined in Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030”.
The State has developed a 10-year National Mangrove Action Plan and an Inter-Agency Committee dedicated to promoting sustainable Mangrove management, and over 500 hectares of mangrove have been restored. Since 2010, over $1.9 billion has been invested in mangrove preservation and restoration, and regular injections of money are expected to be made as required. For example, $275 million has been allocated this year to rehabilitation initiatives in Regions Two and Five.
BLACK CROWS FLYING
SHE stood at the water’s edge, her torn dress swirling around her legs, a lone figure shrouded in the shadows of the night. A foreboding silence hung over the beach as the tamed wind gently lifted the dark tresses of hair falling over her face. A pretty face it was, streaked with sand and dry tears.
The Nagin Prince
God.
How, then, did evil interrupt her life?
No one had an answer.
ly grieving family, who just couldn’t process the fact that she was no more in their lives.
MUSIC of the gods, soft and entrancing, played from the flute and travelled on soundless wings across land and sea, sounds only a Nagin could hear.
What happened to her?
The people had celebrated the return of one of their own, blessed with such divine powers, and wanted her to stay, but she couldn’t.
friends worked in Kate’s flower shop, Kate noticed Rani’s unusual quietness.
A young girl in pain, alone, at the beach in the dead of the night.
All the media houses carried the story, and shock rippled through her community and the nation. The boys who had given her a ride home were held for questioning, but they all stated that they knew nothing.
She obeyed, almost in a trance, walking to the daffodil field where he waited.
On the day of her funeral, she went back home in her spiritual form to comfort her family and to confront her killers. They would be in attendance, she knew, amongst the huge turnout of mourners.
perfect bride, and now, I have found her.”
when I had no one. How can I leave her?”
“What is it?” she asked.
Their story was that she had received a phone call on the
“I’m not sure, but last
“You are indeed beautiful,” he said.
Far away, in a small South American land on an estate plantation, a Nagin girl turned and murmured in her sleep as the sounds touched her snake senses.
The deep, haunting look in her eyes, the ashen face and colourless lips told a story of something cold.
Hushed were the wind and water as something bad unfolded the night before on the sandy beach. No one heard her cries, her pleas on the deserted beach and when they were gone, a young body was left on the sand, helpless and broken.
“Rani,” a strange, warm voice whispered.
She turned and walked back to the mangrove trees, no footprints in the sand, for late that night the pain had ebbed away like the tide, and one last tear trickled from her eyes as she took her last breath.
“How did this happen?” she cried, “They were my friends, whom I trusted to take me home.”
Her heart beat no more, and the coal-black eyes shed no more tears, but she was not going into the light, not now. It was not her time. She did not have to die, not that way. Not for someone who revered God and had good values. She was a classical dancer and a teacher, recognised for her talent and as an educator, it was all wrong, her death.
She was supposed to have ridden home with her two friends, Aruna and Preity, that night after the cultural pro gramme, but a late change of plans by them to go out with their boyfriends caused her to ride home instead with two male friends she knew very well. The other two boys she had met only once at a wedding reception, but they seemed like nice guys. On the way home, she had a bottle of fruit drink, and a slight drowsiness overcame her, which she thought was tiredness, but it must have been something else. She became dazed and did not notice the detour on the lonely road to the beach that would be deserted at that hour.
Rani awoke with a start and looked around, feeling a warm breath on her cheek as though someone had been close to her. There was no one in her room, so she stepped out onto the veranda, looking across the sprawling green lawns to the field of daffodils beyond, but saw nothing. It was quiet, shadows veiling the borders of thick, flowering shrubs that concealed a Nagin entity from her eyes, though she could feel its dynastic presence. She stood for a while, breathing in the perfumed scent of the chameli flowers below, and then, with a hint of a smile, she returned to her room. Whoever it was, their presence did not spell danger.
Betrayed by those who masqueraded as friends.
A few words of prayer she whispered broke the trance, and Rani, awed by his presence, asked, “Why, dear prince, why have you come this far?”
“To see you,” he said, “a girl with power and passion.”
She smiled just a little as he continued, “With the blessing of the king and queen, I have crossed lands and seas, looking for the
way home and asked them to stop for someone else to pick
She raised her head slowly and stood up, looking at the heavens, a burning passion of pain and anger in her voice, “I will not come home, not until I have destroyed the monsters who took my honour and my life.”
She stretched her arms out, and from the abyss of death and darkness, she screamed, unleashing fury and agony.
“I call on dark forces to lend me the evil power to destroy those spawned from evil, and for that, I will give you my
Rani was stunned; she knew this would happen one day, but she never thought it would be a royal prince—and not so soon.
All her friends were there, those who were true, who had regrets. She saw their tears, heard their shocked whispers as prayers and songs eulogized her life. She stood amongst her family, holding her mother’s and father’s hands, hugging her brother and sister, wiping their tears.
She shook her head, “I can’t, not now.”
“You belong with your own,” he said, “How long will you stay away?”
The Nagin prince touched her lightly on the cheek and said,
“I’ve chosen you to be my bride, so I will wait for you.”
But they were not aware of her presence. Her mother, though, seemed to sense something and whispered, “Aryana?”
The family turned to look at her mother, and she broke down crying, “She’s here with us. My baby is here.”
She turned and looked at the house and saw Kate on the veranda, watching her.
“She’s the only friend I ever had. She believed in me and took me into her home
He faded away with the mist, and Rani breathed deeply, relieved that he understood—for now.
How long will he wait?
The father hugged her, helping her to stay strong as the highly emotional services paid tribute to their young daughter’s life and honouring her departed soul to guide her on her final journey.
She returned to the house, to her friend, knowing that she would live and share her life with her until…
A cynical smile played on Aryana’s lips as the viewing began, and she whispered, “It’s showtime.”
Aruna and Preity just couldn’t stop crying. Such were their regrets for leaving her that night, but the fury burning
A few moments after she returned inside, a silent figure stepped out from the shadows—a princely figure with a flute in his hand.
“Why? Where is my wrong?” were her soundless, agonising cries.
The sky rumbled, the water became restless, and the wind howled as she waited under the mangrove trees.
She looked up at the heavens and continued to cry, “You are my God. I believed in you. Where were you when I cried for help?”
He knelt by the tomb that lay between the daffodils and said quietly, “I have found her.”
night, I felt a strange presence.”
“Is it bad?”
“I don’t think so.”
The beach was silent as the lone figure sat with her head bent. There was no place in the world for her anymore.
“I died,” she moaned, “My mother and father have lost their little girl.”
Rani could not sleep for a long while afterwards, wondering if it was a calling. Since the Snake Goddess, a Hindu deity, had bestowed power on her—the power to combat evil and restore life— it had become her ultimate duty to answer calls from the snake world.
A fisherman had discovered her body lying on the sand early the next morning. She stood there, unseen in her spiritual form, watching as the police cordoned off the area and canvassed the scene for clues. Word spread, and a crowd gathered, shocked and angry that such a horrible thing had happened to a decent young girl.
She had watched helplessly as her father, shocked beyond words, sank to his knees and broke down, crying as he looked at her lifeless body.
One night, two nights passed, then on the third morning, just before the break of dawn, as the high tide rushed across the sand and the wind whistled shrilly, four black crows appeared from the far horizon. She stood up, her coal-black eyes watching as the crows drew closer and closer and alighted on the mangrove trees. Her wait was over.
The dark abyss had answered her call to fight evil with evil.
He had looked up at the heavens, his hands clasped, his voice breaking, “Why…why God? Why, my little girl?”
Home was the land where she had lived and died as a human and had been reborn as a snake-girl—a life restored to her by the Snake Goddess. It was where her resting place lay in the daffodil field and where she shared a home with her best friend, Kate, a human girl. They had been friends since they were young, ever since Rani had disclosed her true identity to her. Now young women, beautiful in their own way, their unique friendship remained unbroken. Kate was always afraid whenever Rani answered a call, fearful that one day she might not return and that one day the Nagin world would claim her.
When the hours had gotten late last night, and she hadn’t yet come home, her phone turned off, and her mother experienced a deep feeling of dread, her father, brother and cousins had begun searching until daylight.
“For each new day, now,” she vowed, “stones will bleed.”
It was a busy day, so their worrying thoughts were not dwelled upon until dusk when Rani felt her eyes drawn to the field of daffodils, but once again, she saw nothing. That night, as she slept, the divine music from the flute aroused her senses, and again, a voice whispered her name. His figure was shrouded in mist, so she could not see who he was. All week, the dream played in her sleep, drawing closer and closer until the mist cleared. Now, he was standing there, a warm smile on his face—the prince of the royal Nagin dynasty.
No one could console her father. What should she tell her mother, who was waiting at home battling her fears?
The last call she had answered had taken her back across the seas to her ancestral home, where she had to battle a demon Nagin Queen to save the people of that district. It had been a long battle, raging into the night, and from the shelter of a Shiva temple, Rani had won.
As they slept in the embrace of the night, neither girl knew how close that time was coming.
Even the heavens trembled that day at the mother’s cries for the child she had brought into this world, a blessing from
The next day, as the two
Rani awoke gasping, “Oh no, oh no.”
The voice was calling her, “Come to me, Rani.”
A wake had been going on at her home, and friends, family and people from everywhere had been attending to express their sympathies. There was no comfort, though, to her deep-
Young male cake artist from Berbice defying ...
FROM PAGE V came the cake artist of the business with his mother’s support. The Berbician cake artist indicated that time management and managing customers’ expectations are definitely the most challenging aspects of his work. It is something that he constantly works on through the development of systems, checklists, and regular upgrades.
Pepperpot Magazine wanted to learn more about his motivation to pursue his passion in a women-dominated field, and Jonathan stated that it takes constant work, mental toughness, and utmost resilience to continue. He further shared words of encouragement to other young boys and men who would love to pursue cake artistry: “Just go for it. That’s all there really is for me to say. If you never take the first step, you’ll never know how far you could possibly go. Never dwell in thoughts of failure, only thoughts of your possible success. I understand it may seem intimidating, and you’re doubting your ability. However, there are no failures, only lessons, and if you take note of those lessons and keep trying, you are going to succeed.”
His proudest accomplishment as an entrepreneur is that he has a diverse customer base—from all walks of life. Apart from his cake artistry, he is also a musician for the Tsuami Band and a content creator/educator. He looks forward to expanding his business and improving his skills as he grows into becoming one of Berbice’s top cake artists. He often utilises social media to showcase his work and can be found on TikTok @j.nation592 or on Facebook at Sabrinacakecreations.
Pictures:
The diabetic patient
PEOPLE who have diabetes lack a particular type of hormone called insulin, which is responsible for the body’s utilisation of sugar, proteins, and fats. While I may not be able to give accurate statistics, judging from the number of patients I have attended to over decades, I know that diabetes is a condition common among the Guyanese population. This condition is not a disease but a syndrome. A syndrome could be considered a group of diseases with a single cause.
The consequence is that people with diabetes usually experience poor heart health, weakened eyesight, chronic weakness, muscular atrophy, and complications reflected in the mouth, among other serious conditions. They frequently experience persistent thirst and often feel itchy skin. If not monitored constantly, diabetes can be fatal. People with diabetes can die from kidney failure, coma, among other serious illnesses.
The oral symptoms are believed to occur more quickly and be more severe in uncontrolled diabetes. Diminished salivary flow and burning mouth or tongue are common complaints. The area under both ears may swell due to concomitant enlargement of the parotid glands.
Diabetics produce sugar in their saliva. This relatively high glucose content inevitably results in altered plaque and changes in the normal types of bacteria found in the mouth. This situation influences the development of gum disease and dental caries. Obviously, people with diabetes do not have to eat foods containing sugar to have sugar in their mouths, and it is well-known that sugar results in dental caries.
An increased incidence of tooth decay has been found in association with uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes in both humans and experimental animals. This no doubt relates to increased glucose levels in saliva.
Uncontrolled diabetics have an increased susceptibility to mouth infections, including gum disease, the primary cause of tooth loss worldwide. Also seen commonly is the thickening of the gums and delayed healing.
The alveolar bone, which surrounds each tooth, is often destroyed by diabetic conditions. Additionally, the blood cells responsible for combating invading germs seem to be rendered ineffective by the elevated glucose content in the blood. This simply means that the condition increases the chances of victims losing their teeth.
A persistent dry mouth, accompanied by opportunistic yeast infections, is often seen in people with diabetes. Altered taste sensations have been described as an early feature of diabetes in some individuals. This may result from the presence of altered glucose receptors or mild manifestations of diabetic nerve disease. The treatment of diabetes is designed to lower blood glucose levels and prevent complications associated with the disease. Evidence suggests that rigid metabolic control of blood glucose levels is important for successful therapy. Diet control has been used for many years to control disease by reducing the intake of starches and sugars and by minimising body fat.
People with diabetes should not receive elective dental treatment unless their condition is stabilised. Dental practitioners in all state clinics are instructed that dental treatment for such patients should be provided only with the aid of medical advice and appropriate care. In cases of emergency procedures, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to minimise the potential for postoperative infections and delayed wound healing.
The boat...
FROM PAGE IV
excellent food. He describes Baganara Resort as one of the best places in Guyana that is ideal for promoting tourism, and he finds it such a lovely place to visit frequently.
Speedboat operation is not an everyday job, as they work in a turn system every five days, so they depend heavily on partnerships with tour providers for charters. Ramroop reported that when he is not doing speedboat operation, he is at his farm at Hogg Island, Essequibo River, tending to crops and marketing his produce.
He added that he is well-versed with the intricate corners of the Essequibo River, as he has been on that river for more than 20 years, and he is also familiar with parts of the Mazaruni River. Ramroop told Pepperpot Magazine that he loves his job as a boat captain, and providing a vital service to the public brings him joy because it gives him the opportunity to meet and interact with people from many places locally and overseas.
He has provided his service to many tour groups at various resorts and other historical sites and places in the Essequibo River, and it is something he can never tire of. Being on the water and manoeuvring the boat gives him the adrenaline rush he craves, and that is the best job satisfaction he needs.
“Being a boat captain is exciting for me because it is something I like, but the best part is having conversations with people,” he said.
Fostering cats and dogs...
FROM PAGE II
dogs but then return them, and she has to take them back and raise them. She added that it is hard to give the animals up for adoption because she is very attached to them and doesn’t mind keeping them. Mangal has named all her cats and dogs and has a strong bond with them, as she spends a lot of time with them.
“I try my best to care for all the animals in my care. I make sure they are fed and never ill-treated, they are happy, and I let them loose once a day to run around a bit before they are penned,” she said.
Mangal’s role as an animal advocate is taken seriously since she believes in the right of animals to exist without fear of abuse, exploitation, or extermination. She raises public awareness about the treatment of animals in her community and wherever she goes, if there is a stray or abused animal, she will take it home to care for it.
Some of the 22 dogs The dogs
THOUGHT FOR TODAY
And those behind cried “Forward” and those before cried “Back!” LORD MACAULAY (1800-1859)
Lays of Ancient Rome (1842), Horati- us, 27
STUDY SUCCESS
Dear Student,
Welcome dear reading friend. Sometimes you are asked to study a list of sentences or phrases from a given text describing an action, an event, or quoting a character, and
are asked to briefly explain why things happened that way at the event. An exercise to find the reasonbecomes very interesting to the reader because the answer is not often given in the descriptive text and must be inferred from the list of information given. Be wise.
Love you.
READING THE PASSSAGE
Reading comprehension using simple passage
Reminder: You can comprehend a text if you
NOVEMBER 10, 2024
are able to read it, process it and understand its meaning.Comprehension relies on two, interconnected abilities: word reading (being able to decode the symbols on the page) and language comprehension (being able to understand the meaning of the words and sentences). You should be able to read with a purpose, using, efficient silent reading, skimming, etc.
Read the following extract carefully and then answer all the questions that follow.
There are over 40,000 known species of flies. Flies are often considered pests. One of them, the housefly, is not welcome in homes and is often blamed for the spread of several diseases. Whenever the housefly rests on rotting matter, on human or animal faeces, germs stick on its legs and are carried to food or to whatever the fly may rest on. Some of the diseases that the housefly spreads, such as gastroenteritis and dysentery, are harmful to human beings and may sometimes cause death.
Some flies feed on the blood of animals and on the blood of human beings. One of them is the tsetse fly which lives in certain parts of Africa. The tsetse fly is most feared of all flies because it spreads a disease called sleeping sickness which often causes death. Another fly that may cause death is the black fly which also feeds on the blood of animals, on human beings, or on other insects. The black fly is feared for its bite. Hundreds of slack flies may attack a person at once. Their bites may be fatal.
1. What is the passage about?
2. In what ways are the Tsetse fly and housefly alike?
3. If hundreds of black flies attack an animal, the animal may die. Why is it that the animal may die.
4. What s the main idea in paragraph two?
5. In what way are the tachina fly and the black fly alike?
6. Go back to the passage and write notes. Use them to form an essay outline.
THE POEM
Analysing and interpreting a poem
Information about the poem, “Desert Places”: This poembelow, conveys a sense of profound isolation and desolation. We know this from the vivid imagery and concise
language used by the poet.The poem’s depiction of a desolate winter landscape parallels the protagonists’ inner emotional state, as they feel disconnected and withdrawn. The repetition of “lonely” and “loneliness” emphasises the overwhelming sense of isolation during the Great Depression era.
Have you ever felt that lonely? Think about it when. Write it down.
And this poet does not follow the pattern likein othersof his poems. This work does not offer a solution or solace to the protagonist’s inner disturbance of mind. Instead, the poet makes the poemlinger on the bleakness and despair, reflecting the harsh realities of life during that era.
[We usually think of a desert as a hot, sandy, sunbaked country, but it also means any barren, desolate place. In this poem, ‘desert’ is used to depict a state of mind as well.]
[Do get accustomed quickly to the terms used like imagery, depiction, protagonist, and others found above.]
Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast In a field I looked into going past, And the ground almost covered smooth in snow, But a few weeds and stubble showing last. The woods around it have it – it is theirs, All animals are smothered in their lairs. I am too absent spirited to count; The loneliness included me unawares. And lonely as it is, that loneliness Will be more lonely ere it will be lessA blanker whiteness of benighted snow. With no expression, nothing to express. They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars – on stars where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home
To scare myself with my own desert places.
(Robert Frost’s “Desert Places”)
1a) What mood is evoked in the first two stanzas of the poem? b) Which details of the scene contribute to this mood.
2. What is the meaning of lines 7-8?
3. Give the meanings of ‘smothered’ in line 6, and ‘benighted’ in line 11.
4. In stanza 3, the speaker looks into the future. a) What change does he foresee in the scene?
b) In his mood?
5a. In stanza 4, who do you think “They” are? b) What does the speaker mean by his “own desert place”?
GRAMMAR
Using appropriate language
Note: Appropriate language use covers words and phrases that are acceptable to use for a variety of reasons and senses.
In a newspaper, find an advertisement offering a free pamphlet or booklet that you might like to have. Clip the advertisement. Then use agreeable language to write a letter requesting the pamphlet or booklet and attach the advertisement to your letter. After your letter has been returned to you by your teacher, you may want to send for the pamphlet or booklet.
