Pepperpot 2015 4 05

The

Eas Ful l

tS er tory ► Page XX

Dubbed in his younger days as ‘The Indian James Bond’…

EASTER, KITES AND TRADITION

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Natural Black to perform in USA for Guyana Association of Georgia

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ROSHAN KHAN

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- The man who changed security services in Guyana

Popular Guyanese singer ‘Natural Black’

Produced and Edited by Mark Ramotar | Graphic and Layout Design by Rondel James

The Dream Kite

By Maureen Rampertab

IT soared high in the clear sky, dancing like a warrior’s war dance, daring and fierce, it’s red and gold colours, unique in its own way, singing lustily with the wind in the playing field in the skies, as kite after kite were raised, all colours, all designs, a spectacle to behold. “Jarred, wake up son.”

Jarred opened his eyes and the dream, like a puff of wind, disappeared through the creases of the thin, worn wall. The little boy shook his head and rose slowly to his feet from his bed on the wooden floor, wondering about the dream that he had.

As Easter approached, it brought a sparkle to his empty life, a dream, young as he was, he knew would never come true for a poor boy like him. He lived in a little house with his old grandmother, waiting and hoping for the day when his mother would return for him. She had left since he was five and now at ten, as he sat at the kitchen table staring at the little bowl of porridge, that was breakfast, he asked a question in his mind, like he did every morning when he woke and every night before he went to sleep, “Why have you left me, when will you come back?”

“It’s Saturday, Jarred,” his grandmother was saying, “We gotta leave early.”

“Yes, grandma,” the boy said, hurriedly spooning down his porridge to help her pack the big baskets with the local drinks and food that she sold at her small stall on the city pavement. She was a nice and cheery woman, never mind they were so poor, for she always said to him: “Richness, my dear child, comes from the heart.”

He loved her for her good nature and kindness and, of course, the little crankiness that comes with being old. The little food business was all she had to support her and Jarred felt in his young heart it

was unfair for her to work so hard at her age, so his young hands lent her as much support as he could and together they worked to make life good.

“Jarred,” his friend Patrick was calling from the yard downstairs, “Yuh, going to de park today?”

“Nah, I gotta go sell with grandma.”

Jarred had a great passion for cricket and much of his spare time was spent on the streets or the ball park wherever the game was played. He fancied himself to be a fast bowler, but Easter for him and all the other boys, in the neighbourhood, was a different ball game when the making and flying of kites was all they want-

ed to do. It was a time when all the boys’ creative skills were put into play, not with the cricket, football or basketball, but kite paper, paste and scissors. But of all the kites that were made, none came close to the kite in Jarred’s dream, it was a classic and the boy wondered,day after day, as Easter approached, about the dream kite.

Saturday was always a busy day and as he helped his grandmother set up her stall for the day’s business, he glanced across the street to the Mall’s complex

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

and gasped loudly, almost dropping the bottle of pickled mangoes in his hand.

The dream kite was displayed in the store’s window. Grandmother looked at him curiously, “What’s de matter, boy, have yuh seen a ghost in broad daylight?”

“No,” Jarred said, pointing to the kite with a trembling hand, “It’s ah real beauty.”

“Of course,” she mumbled, “Boys and their kites.” “Is not just a kite, grandma,” he said excitedly. “Is a dream kite.”

Grandmother showed less interest and enthusiasm and Jarred, trying his best

to stay calm, watched the kite across the street, anxiously, hoping no-one would buy it, even though he knew he could not.

In his heart he felt it belonged to him, for it was his dream.

Late that afternoon, as he left with his grandmother, satisfied the kite was not sold, he did not see a woman, a late shopper, enter the store and came out with the kite. On Sunday, after church, he flew his plastic and broom kites, earned some ‘pulling’ from the big

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com

II

board kites and went to bed so tired, he dreamt nothing at all. Easter morning, Jarred opened his eyes and laid in bed for a moment, staring at the sun’s rays streaming through the creases on the walls. He sat up, with a weary sighed and stared in amazement at the spectacle in front of him. It was the dream kite standing in a corner in the room.

Jarred thought he was still dreaming, afraid to touch it, least it vanished, until he heard a strange voice in the kitchen.

He hurried out of his room and stopped and stared puzzled at the strange woman,standing there talking to his grandmother. She turned and looked at him, affectionately, a warm smile on her face. “You have grown so big,” she said to him. He stared at her for a long moment, at his grandmother’s happy face and slowly realisation dawned on the little boy. “Mom?”She smiled and said, “I’ve come back for you.” Jarred couldn’t believe something so wonderful was happening to him on this Easter morning- the kite of his dreams and his mother’s return. “Thank you, god,” he whispered as she hugged him. “Do you like the kite?” she asked him with a laugh. “Do I like de kite?” he asked incredulously. “Isah dream come true.

“How did yuh know what to buy?”

“Let’s just say, I had a dream of a little boy looking anxiously at a kite in a store’s window.” “If dis is a dream,” he said, “I don’t wanna awake from it.”

“It’ not, it’s real,” his mother said, sincerity in her voice. “Then yuh won’t leave, again?” “No, it’s me, you, grandma and a better life.” The little boy laughed happily and later that morning, he walked to the park with his dream kite, a song in his heart, for this Easter was the best ever in his young life.

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The Burt Award for Caribbean Literature CARIBBEAN Literature is going through another exciting phase with the flourishing of annual literary festivals, augmented publishing opportunities and generous literary awards, all stimulating creativity and encouraging more productivity and production.

One of the more significant awards to be offered in the region in recent times is the Burt Award for Caribbean Literature.

This award was established by CODE (the Canadian Organisation for Development through Education) with ‘generous support of Canadian philanthropist William Burt and the Literary Prizes Foundation, in partnership with the ‘NGC Bocas Lit Fest’ of Trinidad and Tobago. The mandate of CODE is profoundly captured in the following statement, ‘If you can read and write, you can learn to do, and be, anything’.

This award is designed to operate on three vital levels of a vibrant literary landscape – staging writers’ workshops, offering huge monetary prizes, transforming manuscripts into books which are printed in the thousands.

The above is spelt out in the objective of the award which is ‘to champion literacy, build language skills and foster the love and habit of reading by ensuring that young Caribbean readers have access to books that they want to read’.

‘Burt’ burst unto Guyana’s literature-scape in 2014 with a bang, yet not too

many persons were cognisant of this advent.

One year later, however, the scenario has changed for the better.

One year ago, during the month of March 2014, a workshop on writing for young adults was held in Georgetown, Guyana, under the patronage of CODE, the Burt Award and local partner, the Guyana Book Foundation.

The Guyana Book Foundation was a progeny of an organisation called ‘Education Renewal’ formed by a group of educators led by Mrs Olga Bone. By the early 90’s,

contribution to our small cache of writing for children. Scrimger has written scores of books for children and he is a consummate teacher on the subject.

Participants were inspired and enthused so much so that one year after that stimulating session comes more good literary news - one of the participants, Imam Baksh, was shortlisted for the 2015 Burt Award for Caribbean Literature with his manuscript submission, ‘Children of the Spider’. Baksh’s talent and skill in writing for children came to public attention through The Guyana

A-dZiko Simba Gegele reads from ‘All Over Again’ at the launch of her debut novel Education Renewal was tasked with the responsibility of distributing books which were donated by CODE and this led to the formation of the Guyana Book Foundation (GBF) which was established in 1990 as a not-for-profit NGO. The main facilitator for the workshop was Richard Scrimger, ably supported by Dr Paloma Mohamed and Vanda Radzik, all experienced in that area of literature. Radzik on many occasions adjudicated the ‘Henry Josiah Writing Short Story for Children’ and the ‘Rajkumari Singh Writing Poetry for Children’. Mohamed has been working in this area forever through various media – poetry, essay, drama, video and film. Her book, ‘Caribbean Mythology and Modern Life: 5 Plays for Young People’, is a significant

Annual magazine to which he faithfully submitted entries annually via the Henry Josiah Writing Stories for Children, winning the competition on many occasions.

One year later, I am happy to have read the three books that got the judges’ nod for the 2014 Burt Award. All three listed below deserving of high praise but one has the making of becoming a classic of the Caribbean.

‘All over again’ A-Dziko Simba Gegele will be read all over again and again because the story is told in a conversational tone not unlike the one employed by master storyteller, Paul Keens-Douglas. This novel is about an adolescent boy who was growing with two voices in his head, one evil-ish, the other goodish, in the process finding out the difference between good and bad. Many of the

situations leading to this realisation were set up by his little sister, his touchstone/nemesis.

‘Musical Youth’ by Joanne C. Hillhouse is a series of conversations on various subjects like racism, shadeism, relationships – man/woman, family, consequences of liaisons – sins of grand/parents falling on their descendants.

It is also a love story of two gifted musicians who found their way through music while working on summer musical. The story is fast paced and engaging, a writer doing an excellent job with her tools of trade right down to a song titled ‘Melanin’ written by the two protagonists.

‘Inner City Girl’ by Colleen Smith-Dennis is evocative writing that suited the nature of a local girl makes good, a story of redemption. The story makes you cringe from the hardship women still face. Set against the backdrop of grave poverty, drugs, kidnap, rape/incest, an adolescent girl who is well read and good at sport prevailed against the odds to triumph over the ills of her community.

These three prize-winning books are now available locally; entrusted to the Guyana Book Foundation for distribution to libraries and schools.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Dubbed in his younger days as ‘The Indian James Bond’…

ROSHAN KHAN - The man who changed security services in Guyana

By Alex Wayne THE story of Mr. Roshan Khan, one of Guyana’s most renowned and respected businessmen, is filled with determination, hard work and commitment. exceptionally exceptional business entrepreneur has a motivated and disciplined personality which had stood out in stark contrast with his peers since childhood. Thus it is hardly surprising that he was able to take a $7.50 capital investment and an old motorcycle and turn same into a national security network that serves all ten regions and has created in excess of 1,000 job opportunities to date.

One of the first names that come to mind when persons think of security firms in Guyana is R.K’s Guyana Security Services. But despite its name, not many know the story of the man behind the successful security firm RK’s Corporation and Business Group, and his arduous road to accomplishment.

His birth name was Kamal Krishna Lall, and he was born on April 1, 1955 to parents Awad Chandra Lall and Laifan Haniff in Nigg Settlement, Corentyne, Berbice. At the tender age of two years old, his parents separated, and this had a decisive influence on the development of his character and persona. His mother later remarried to his adopted father, Mr. Issahar Khan, a businessman/trucker with whom he grew up.

He had some traumatic childhood experiences that were laced with violence by those who were supposed to be close and should have been showing him love and care. He was even called harsh nicknames for years, and was told that his head and nose were too big for his body and were exerting an effect and pressure on his heart.

shine the bottom house. They sometimes caught fish with hooks, lit a little fire and roast them, then ride their bicycles in the evenings.

During the Easter season, it was an adventure for him and his selected friends to go in the backdam and get paste (pastee) to make their kites.

This particular individual was extremely different from other boys his age. He has never tasted alcohol, except to dip his finger into it and place it against his tongue, only to remark, “Alcohol is not made for drinking but for lighting lamps,” and this made him very unpopular among his peers. However, he had an experience that still haunts him to this day: Someone who should have been loving and kind gave him four to six glasses of hard wine one after the other, while he was consuming alcohol with his family and friends. (While interviewing him, I could see the pain on his face from this incident, even as a grown man celebrating his birth anniversary).

He even mentioned that as he matured as a youth, he started to fast on his birthday, as this was a time of pain because even his biological father had never remembered him.

The same father who promised to give him a bicycle when he was 9 years of age and promised to send it by the Guyana Roshan Khan, at age 11, on a trip to Georgetown from Berbice For him, his mother was the great equaliser and protector; for, without her, he doesn’t know if today he would have been alive, or been able to achieve the things he has, or would have had a caring and loving personality, or been able to demonstrate loving care for humanity regardless of status.

His mother’s gentleness and positive influence made it possible for him to be kind, helpful, considerate, and be a good listener. At age 18, and about to migrate to pursue his studies in Canada, he decided to change his name to Roshan Khan.

He chose the surname Khan to honour his adopted father, on whom he depended financially. Roshan was a name chosen by his mother for the meaning of Light of Wisdom, Light of Character, Light of Leadership, and Princely Light.

He had a very adventurous boyhood, as any typical country boy would, growing up in Corriverton and in Skeldon, Berbice.

Mr. Khan grew up with eight siblings, which he describes as an amazing experience. According to Mr. Khan, he was never really subjected to sibling rivalry; but, from time to time, he felt as though much pressure was on him, being the eldest, and the little ones always looked up to him and followed wherever he went. He always had to be Mr. Perfect.

In the mornings, after prayer, the children would have to collect “cow mould” for their mother to mix with mud and

Mr. Roshan Khan, at age 27, was referred to by his family as ‘the Indian James Bond’ mail van but never did; and for two years or more, Roshan kept looking out for the mail van every morning at 10:00, hoping it would stop and deliver his bicycle. This, coupled with so many other experiences, while painful, built his endurance to take pressure and his vision for great accomplishment. He kept seeing himself one day as being a great success, the leader of peoples, and being an example to people in society.

He was called many names and was taunted frequently, since he did not give in to peer pressure. However, he never allowed those pressures of “bullyism” to affect him, and he remained unwavering in what he thought was best.

His interest was very unique, and consisted of assisting the elders and the mentally ill. At the age of eight, he started a stamp collection, since no one in the community he knew ever thought of collecting stamps. Mr. Khan pioneered stamp collection in his community, and that encouraged teachers to encourage their students to start collecting

Mr. Roshan Khan at his office

Continued on page VII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

THE DECLINE OF THE ARTS TODAY

V Terence Roberts

(Part 111)

I

By Terence Roberts

F there is a decline in the Arts, when did it begin? As I have said, to propose a decline implies some prior period when the arts were at a higher level of quality. However, a decline in the quality of each category occurs at different periods of time, for the simple reason that some arts emerged long before, or after, others.

For example, the art of film-making only emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, whereas Theatre was popular since BC, in Greece and Rome, followed by 17th century England and France.

Indeed, of all the arts, theatre is the most difficult to access in terms of a decline because it has largely been associated with the celebration or re-enactment of collective peasant lifestyles, and social dramas involving the interaction of classes, or individuals.

This tradition has made Theatre, for many, the traditional art form to adopt and continue without much significant changes to the method of presentation of its ‘story’ as content; so that as an art form it either stagnates, or simply changes its historical time reference.

THEATRE IN THE ANGLO-CARIBBEAN, AND GUYANA In Anglo-Caribbean territories, theatre up to now has largely been a way of acting out the ‘revival’ of various ethnic cultural values submerged beneath European colonialism, or, simple class conscious tragedies and comedies. In late 1950s British Guiana and 1960s Independent Guyana however, theatrical productions at Georgetown’s Theatre Guild by the late Jan Carew and Slade Hopkinson (among others), also the brilliant Guyanese stage production called ‘Brinktop’, indicated the beginning of a vibrant contemporary theatrical direction led by dynamic and intelligent Guyanese cast members, such as Beryl Pereira, Joan Dummett, Raschid Osman, Ron Robinson, Clairmont Taitt, Helen Taitt, Vic Insanally, and the late Godfrey Chin, who delivered contemporary, or modern theatre in a

Guyanese context, that remains unequal in quality to date. This decline nevertheless, should not be seen as inseparable from the Guyanese social and political disturbances of the period, its effect on immigration, and the resultant lessening of intellectual pursuits and influences ushered in also by the closing of outstanding book stores, libraries attached to Embassies and their cultural centers, and especially the end of public cinemas, all of which has affected the

progressive artistic knowledge and potential of later post 1960s Guyanese generations.

Left on their own, without consistent guidance offered by PUBLIC offerings of outstanding literature and film-culture, past and present, via bookstores, libraries, and especially the nine top quality cinemas which served Georgetown alone (apart from dozens along the coast), no one can expect such emerging generations to match the quality of past generations who were exposed to

a huge public everyday celebration of the Arts.

NEW VERSUS OLD THEATRE In contrast to imitations of its traditional methods and sentiment, theatre changed towards an exciting and visually effective avant-garde style and content via late 19th and 20th century plays written by Oscar Wilde (English), Luigi Pirandello (Italian), Eugene Eunesco (Romanian), Bertolt Brecht (German), Samuel Beckett (Irish), Harold

Pinter and John Osborne (English), Eugene O’Neil, Arthur Miller,Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and David Mamet (Americans), Leroi Jones (Afro-American). By the late 1950s and 60s, television sit-coms, dramas, and comedies, would increasingly absorb as ‘entertainment’ much of traditional theatre’s methods under the film-camera’s eye, and the genre would survive seriously only as isolated productions of avant-garde playwriting and staged dramas representing an estimation of

progressive ‘quality’ in theatrical art.

ORIGIN OF CREATIVE WRITING On the other hand, when it comes to the writing of poetry and creative prose fiction, which goes back to BC in ancient Greece and Rome, quality existed as a fresh exploration of language written down (not simply spoken) as an ungoverned and undirected possibility; since it is the individual creative writer alone who invented and determined what creative literature is, and can be, via imaginative poetry and prose. The excitement of knowledge and learning via language and literacy, was spread mainly by the discovery and translation of texts written by other writers, in other nations and cultures such as Greece and Rome, who first explored the new invention of what came to be known as ‘short stories’ and ‘novels’, in particular.

THE PROCESS OF DECLINE During centuries of the spread of creative literature from ancient Greece and Rome to other parts of continental Europe, and the islands of England, Ireland, and Scotland, the concept of a ‘decline’ obviously did not exist, since the art of creative literature was in the accumulative process of ‘development’. The evidence of a decline in quality only began to emerge with the intrusion of ‘critical’ and organizational imitative institutional teaching, along with their publications, which dissected into various categories the previous eclectic and gregarious creative and original freedom of ‘writing’. Restrictive and domineering notions therefore began to impose definitions of what constitutes a ‘short story’, a ‘novel’, or even ‘poetry; and what Roland Barthes called “a mass banalization of language” began to be propagated with repetitive ‘rules’, which in turn decided whether examples of creative writing were ‘amateur’ or ‘professional’, based on whether they adhered to an ‘institutional’ definition of literature, or continued to maintain the ungoverned and undirected freedom of both literary style and content.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

In 1955 British Guiana…

Privy Council affirms judgment of Court of Appeal IN 1956, the Privy Council of Britain affirmed a judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeal of British Guiana in the case of Karamat versus the Queen for murder.

Karamat, the appellant, who died recently, was the uncle of lawyer Saphier Hussain. He was convicted before a judge and jury for the murder of Haniff Jhuman.

Dissatisfied with the sentence, he appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal of British Guiana, constituted by Bell C. J., Boland and Stoby J. J.. That Appellate court also dismissed Karamat’s appeal and granted him special leave to appeal to the Privy Council.

The Law Lords took effective measures in their operation in the Karamat

appeal; but, in the end, they also found that the appeal had no merit. The Board decided to advise Her Majesty that the matter should be dismissed, and promised to give the reasons later.

During the course of the appellant’s trial on a charge of murder, and before the case for the prosecution was finally closed, the judge, pursuant to the powers conferred by section 44 of the Criminal Law (Procedure) Ordinance of British Guiana -- which also provided that the practice and procedure in criminal trials, including that relating to juries, should confirm as nearly as possible to that which obtained in England -- directed a view of the locality.

At the view, witnesses who had already given evidence at the trial were present, and any juror who wanted to ask a question put it through the judge, who was present the whole time and, throughout, had control of the proceedings. The witness would give a demonstration as the answer, and counsel would then be invited by the judge to ask questions through him; but no cross-examination was allowed.

The appellant had stated that he did not wish to attend the view, and he did not. On appeal by him against his conviction on the ground, inter alia, that the “view” was not one authorized by the Ordinance when witnesses attended and indicated places by pointing or by words, held: dismissing the appeal, that witness who had already given evidence could attend at the view ; they took part in it in the sense of placing themselves in the positions in which they said they had been at the mate-

rial times or indicating the positions of others, and that was unobjectionable; there was nothing to show that any more than that took place.

If a view were ordered at some stage of a criminal attending and taking part, he had already given evidence. A view was part of the evidence; it was in substitution for, or supplemental, to plans, photographs and the like. It was eminently desirable that the judge should be present.

So long as the witnesses taking part were recalled to be cross-examined, if desired, the accused person was not in any way prejudiced, but it was essential that every effort should be made to see that witnesses made no communication to the jury except to give a demonstration.

Further, the absence of the appellant from the view afforded no ground of objection; for the holding of the view was part of the trial, and under section 167 (2) of the Criminal Law (Procedure) Ordinance, the court had power to allow the accused – as it did here – to be absent during the part of the trial.

In addition, if an accused person declines to attend a view, he cannot afterwards raise the objection that his absence of itself made the view illegal and a ground for quashing the conviction, if one follows; though he could object if any evidence were given outside the scope of the view as ordered: Appeal (No. 22 of 1955); by special leave from a judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeal in the Supreme Court of British Guiana (Bell.

C.J., Boland and Stoby JJ.) (February 24, 1955) dismissing the appellant’s appeal from his conviction on a charge of murder before Hughes J. and a jury at the Criminal Sessions for the County of Demerara, (September 16, 1954).

The appellant was indicted with five other persons, all of whom were acquitted for the murder of Haniff Jhuman, who occupied land which adjoined that on which the appellant and members of his family and other relations lived and farmed.

There had been frequent disputes

George Barclay

between the occupants of the two estates arising out of cattle trespass, and undoubtedly there was much ill feeling between them.

There were a series of events and quarrels during September 26, 1953 and the early part of the 27th; and after a fifth quarrel on the morning of the latter day, it was alleged by the Crown that the appellant obtained a twelve-bore gun and two cartridges.

Later in the day, when the deceased man with others approached a cow pen, the appellant, who was engaged in milking, shot at Haniff and killed him, and also shot at and killed the latter’s mother.

The appellant’s defence in the main was that he had shot in self defence; while the others who were indicted with him rested their case on an alibi, contending they were not present when the shooting took place.

There had been, before the end of the case for the Crown, a view of the locus-in-quo by the jury; and the basic submission on this appeal was that the view allowed nine prosecution witnesses -- who had already given evidence and had been cross-examined and re-examined, and then remained in court and so heard the evidence of subsequent witnesses -- to give further evidence both orally and by conduct before the jury. The appellant did not attend the view.

After hearing the appeal, Lord Goddard, (Lord Chief Justice) announced that their Lordships would humbly advise Her Majesty that the appeal should be dismissed, and that they would give their reasons later.

In delivering the reasons, Lord Goddard said, “This was an appeal by special leave from a judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeal in British Guiana, dismissing the appellant’s appeal against a conviction for murder after a trial before Justice Hughes and a jury which, their Lordships were told, had lasted some 14 days.

“At the close of the argument, their Lordships announced that they would humbly advise Her Majesty to dismiss the appeal.”

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

ROSHAN KHAN From page IV

stamps. When asked why, at the age of eight or nine, he would start collecting stamps, he would say: “I learnt geography, countries and cities, and I looked them up in the atlas/map-book.

“I would learn history as I checked the history of the countries and learn of presidents, kings, explorers (space and earthly) etc.” It helped to develop his general knowledge, for example, Mygar Posta was and is Hungary.

Yugoslavia is no longer in existence, it is divided into several nations; and the same goes for USSR/Federation of the Russian Republic.

Khan, Latifan Rosheena Khan Jagarnauth, and Roshaad Awad Chandra Lall, (named after his father.)

Mr. Khan has an older daughter from his previous marriage, and her name is Rosh-Anne Natasha Khan. These children were raised to be most humble and kind individuals, and their dad imparted to them several pieces of advice: “Live by the law or die by the law; keep away from negative energy and those who are envious or jealous; do not fall prey to temptation, do not steal; listen to the instrument of God within you – your

Members of Roshan Khan’s family circle For those who found this boring, it was an intellectual stimulation and growth of wisdom. It caused him to reflect on the earth and the heavens and evolution of human and animal species.

At the age of nine, he started a coin collection, which he still has and hopes to donate to the National Museum of Guyana or to an international museum. To this day, he still has a very rare coin of Guyana, minted when Guyana had only two colonies – ‘Essequibo and Demerary’. The coin is dated 1816, and Berbice, the county of Berbice, was not in existence at that time.

He was always a lover of the camera, and up to this date, he can still always be seen with a camera.

Mr. Khan attended the Skeldon Anglican School (now Corriverton Primary), and later moved on to the Tagore Memorial High School. He was always a dedicated and outstanding student, in early high school, he won the Skeldon Estate Essay Competition and was involved in the debating group, exhibition group, and marching and drilling group.

Being the only lad in his area that attended typing school, where he was successful in passing Pitman’s Examinations in Typing and English, this aided him in his studies in Canada years later.

After high school, he attended the Macdonald Campus of McGill University in Canada, where he qualified in Police Technology. He was supported by his adopted father and his mother for the first two years of college. However, he also had to work part time in a library, and at restaurants as a bus boy and waiter. To raise funds, he also did other odd jobs, such as cutting trees, weeding, and painting fences. All of this, he said, “added to my wealth of knowledge, and helped to define my personality and humanity.”

He married Ms. Latchmin Khan, his beautiful wife of 29 years, after returning home to Guyana. Her maiden name was Ms. Latchmin Dinnanauth and she hails from Wakenaam.

Within those years, they were blessed with four wonderful and precious children, who are Roshan Khan II, Katherina Roshana

conscience - and you can achieve anything you want.”

Mr. Khan started his business in 1979, after returning to Guyana. However, at the age of 22, when his studies were completed, he opted to join the Guyana National Service, where he served as a Trainee Instructor and Career Guidance Counsellor. After leaving the National Service, he started working with a local high calibre security agency whose Managing Director was extremely impressed with his talents, abilities and natural understanding of security.

It was then that he found his calling for the security business.

But when the Managing Director was out of the country, a false allegation was levied against him, and his services were disposed.

This was a very low point in his life, and was a “truly depressing” time; however, he little knew that this misfortune would forever change his life for the better.

Upon being subject to a wrongful allegation in 1979, he decided to take a ride across the Demerara Harbour Bridge to calm his mind; but as fate would have it, while riding across the bridge, he had a vision.

“That moment, that vision, that idea, ended up being the one defining moment of my life. I felt as if I was lost in the clouds, and I heard a voice in my head. The voice gave me the formula on how to go into my own security business, and I had a vision of the logo,” Mr. Khan said.

He felt energised, even empowered. The voice in his head told him to go now and start his own business. With that state of mind, he turned his motorcycle around and went on a journey to see what clients he could obtain.

To his surprise, the first few places he approached and explained the services he could offer gave him contracts, and from there he went full force ahead.

This entrepreneur has put out several new initiatives and created numerous job opportunities of which he is very proud. His business presently employs over 1,000 persons, and sometimes hires up to 2,500, but this depends

on contracts. RK’s Security Services now has 14 locations in Guyana, namely: Georgetown, Linden, Fort Wellington, New Amsterdam, Corriverton, Bartica, Lethem, Anna Regina, Land of Plenty, Mahdia, Moruca, Mabaruma, Matthew’s Ridge and Port Kaituma.

Over the years, Mr. Khan has ventured into other branches. He launched the RK’s Institute of Motoring, which he said is the only organised driving school in Guyana with a syllabus. In his early days he opened RK’s Battery Works, due to shortage of batteries and everything else during the ‘Burnamite era’. The business used to repair and make new batteries using old casings, but is no longer operable.

He even went into partnership with a businessman from Trinidad & Tobago to operate ‘Best Shipping’, which would bring in used tyres from the USA. This business is also no longer operable.

His business is about to embark on being the first company in Guyana to officially launch electric vehicles.

Despite the fact that the businessman started off with little money and no partners, he has managed to maintain his business through initiative and creativity, and by putting his customers first.

“I make myself available 24/7 for my customers, even to this day. Regardless of where I am in the world, I am available 24/7.

I can be disturbed at any time; sleep never comes first,” he disclosed. Moreover he later ventured into the auto windshield repair business and property management. Recently, he introduced three-wheeler (aka trikes) in Guyana under the company name, RKs EcoStar Motos.

He always finds time to be an active member of organisations and causes which he has keen interest in, despite his heavy work load.

Mr. Khan is a proud Ambassador of Peace for the Universal Peace Federation, and was awarded the Gold Peace Medal by the said

VII tional Islamic Peace Ambassador Network and serves as chairman.

While, according to him, he has achieved it all in the realm of business, he wishes to someday pen books, since he enjoys writing, especially poetry that focuses on womanhood and motherhood.

In the future, he hopes to publish a book that would unite all religions of the world, showing their similarities. Other books would focus on the laws of attraction and the power of positive thinking, and on his autobiography.

Mr. Khan jokingly said, “If I die before I write my autobiography, my wife would definitely kill me!”

In the early positive days of Kaieteur News, he wrote a weekly column called ‘The Religion of Islam’.

He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Guyana Responsible Parenthood Association; Retired Board member of The Muslim Youth League, Current director and senior member of the Anna Catherina Islamic Complex, and co-founder and President for several years of the Guyana Islamic Forum for Education.

For Peace and Religious solidarity, he received awards and special titles as Dharma Rakshak (Protector of Religions) by the Hindu Community; awards for Peace work in South Korea, Japan and India by the Unification Movement and the Universal Peace Federation. He also was awarded a special honour by the University of Guyana Hindu Society.

Nevertheless, despite the fast pace of his business, Mr. Khan looks forward to “semi-retirement” in the next 5 to 10 years, but he is cognisant that as the founder and sole owner of RKs, it will be difficult for him to retire entirely from the business. Hence he will hand it over to his children and dedicated staff, and would be a consultant.

Following semi-retirement, he hopes to serve mankind in various forms, be it mentoring youths; travelling both locally and

Mr Roshan Khan is both a boss and a father figure to members of his security service organisation. He has travelled to many countries on behalf of this Federation to deliver peace talks, help in conflict resolution, and read peace messages. In the year 2000, he was invited by the Indian Council for International Cooperation to prepare and deliver a paper to an audience of over 5000 people, attended by then Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, on the topic: Contributions of Indians in the Politics and Economy of Guyana.

He is also a stage actor. His most recent role was a principal/headmaster in Dosti, which was shown at the National Cultural Centre. He acted as Chief of Police in the movie Rainbow Raani, which was made in Guyana. He acted in Bonny Alves/Signal Productions as a Headmaster in the local production of the Unbelieving Mom, produced

by Charmaine Blackman. In addition, he also co-produced ‘The Convert’ with Charmaine Blackman, featuring Katherina Roshana, his daughter and Miss Universe Guyana 2013. He is also Commissioner of the National Commission of Law & Order, and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Prison Sentence Management. He even founded the Interna-

internationally to preach the Unity of God and the Brotherhood of Man, since he believes that there must be no disrespect for religions, ethnicity, and cultures.

His advice to aspiring entrepreneurs is to “never lose heart at the moment of a depressing experience. Stay steadfast! Believe you can do what you want to do. You can achieve the best, especially if you can see it in your “mind’s eye”. Keep away from negative persons and their vibrations.”

This businessman attends churches, mosques and mandirs. He is also one Muslim who loves good Jewish people.

According to Mr. Khan, “Never be envious of another man’s talent, blessing, or success; be inspired! Do not hate him or her, or feel hurt over his/her achievement. Instead, honour that individual; bless that individual; and tell the universe that you would like to become someone like that one day,” and maybe the universe will appeal to the Creator, Lord of the Universe.

Roshan Khan’s favourite quote is: “For the sins we commit two by two, we have to pay for them one by one.”

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

IX

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

INSIDE THE COURTS -

JEALOUSY BEHIND ALL THE TROUBLE

(Guiana Graphic July 18, 1959) ROLAND is a real slick boy. And I am not talking about his manner. I’m referring to his appearance …..a real glamour boy he is. His hair slick to the skull and nonchalantly chewing his cud, he swaggered into court yesterday morning to keep his appointment with Magistrate Arthur Chung.

But for all his man-about-town manner Roland is really a coward at heart. For he does not trust his own ability with his girlfriend Doris.

He is jealous of her every move and jealousy breeds suspicion.

So he is even suspicious of his friends.

Last Saturday night he was drinking with friends in a tailor shop when Doris passed.

He called her in for a drink .

“Tek a drink,” he told Doris and the lady obeyed.

But even while he was drinking he was watching her like a cat.

He saw when the tailor moved up and offered Doris a brooch.

Not a piece of jewellery but imitation stuff selling for 75 cents.

“You can take it and pay me later on” the Tailor told Doris as he obligingly pinned the brooch on the upper front of her dress.

“Tailor you playing smart,”

Roland picked the tailor up, “ but any man she get and I meet them is both of them got fuh dead.”

ANNOYED Now whether or not the accusation was justified, the tailor decided that that was a good enough time to close his shop.

So Roland Doris and all the others were put out much to the annoyance of Roland. He was now drunkenly mad and the language which flowed from his mouth was poison to the ears.

But he was not through with drinking….. and Doris efforts to get him home ended at a shop nearby where he decided to take a couple more.

“Go put on your clothes and leh we go out,” Roland ordered and again the obedient Doris complied.

However by the time she had changed into something more suitable for a night out, Roland was fast asleep in a cart parked by the roadside.

As Doris was later to tell the Police she tried to wake him up . But the fellow rolled right off the cart and into the nearby trench.

The soaking did not improve his temper.

When he scrambled out and saw Doris all dressed up he accused her

of going to meet a man. Forgetting completely that it was he who had invited her out in the first place.

“You going out to meet a man,” Roland charged.

And again he threatened that should he ever catch her in another man’s company, she must be prepared to die.

COOL OFF PERIOD So Doris decided that she had better give Roland some time to cool off.

And she headed up the street leaving her wet boyfriend to fume by himself.

But it was at this stage that she was really indiscreet.

After the many warnings that night that to be found in another man’s company would have disastrous results, she really should not have accepted the “tow” from the man she met after she walked away from Roland.

But that was what she did.

“I met a boy” she admitted in a statement to the Police “and ah ask he for a “tow” round Newtown,” she explained .

“And when ah come back the boy was walking with me when Roland came up.”

“So you bin and meet a man,” Roland accused as soon as he spot-

ted her.

And sensing that he was now really mad, Doris made a run for it.

But the heel of her shoe stuck on the bridge and Roland was upon her with the ferocity of an enraged bull.

When Doris came to herself she was in the emergency room of the hospital.

So yesterday morning chewing gum furiously, and looking real slick, Roland appeared before Magistrate Chung to answer charges for assaulting Doris so as to cause her actual bodily harm and for disorderly behaviour.

He stopped chewing long enough to plead guilty to the charges.

“He and the assaulted woman are friends,” the Prosecutor explained for Mr Chung’s information.

“And Saturday night he accused her of going out to meet another man.”

“It is alleged that he cuffed and kicked her about the body and she had to be taken to hospital.”

After pleading guilty Roland had not a word to say……not even sorry.

So Mr Chung fined him $25 for assault and an additional $15 for his misconduct.

And the fellow swaggered out trying to look as cool as ever.

BUS FARE UP ONE CENT FROM AUG (Guiana Graphic July 15, 1959) THE Motor Transport Ltd. Will increase its fare from August 1.

Passengers will have to pay seven cents up from six cents.

The cost of school tickets will remain at four cents each.

Managing-Director John Mohamed said yesterday he had applied for a two cent increase since 1957.

He said that as a result of not getting the two cents he had asked for his company has been running at a loss .

Looking disappointed with not getting the fares increased by a penny, Mr Mohamed said that the directors had contemplated giving workers a wage increase this year but could not guarantee such an increase.

Hoping for the best he said: “Although this company has been in operation for 11 years we have an employees’ pension scheme and sick relief fund. We give our employees salary increases every year and Christmas bonuses.

“They did not get their increases last year because we were awaiting an answer from Giovernment.”

But he added: “The time has come when the Motor Transport

Limited can’t possibly continue without a penny increase. The Company hopes and believes that public will give the same support to the City’s bus service in the future as in the past.”

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@ gmail.com or cell phone # 694 0913)

Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@gmail.com or cell phone # 694 0913

X

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

‘Gum Disease’ - the major cause of tooth loss globally

- use of tobacco products in any form a major risk factor for cancers of mouth, throat

MECHANICAL oral hygiene procedures to remove dental plaque, including tooth brushing and flossing unequivocally enhance periodontal health. Gingivitis, although nearly universal among children and adults, is reversible.

Periodontitis, a more serious condition, can lead to irreversible and progressive loss of bone and soft tissue that support teeth. The progressive form is commonly called “gum disease” and is the major cause of tooth loss globally.

In addition to removing bacterial plaque by tooth brushing and flossing, other interdental aids and methods of sub gingival irrigation and professional scaling and polishing are helpful in prevention and control of periodontal diseases.

Chemotherapeutic agents such as chlorhexidine also have been shown to be beneficial. Effective and efficient use of available methods to prevent and control periodontal diseases depends on commercial availability, provider

encouragement, and individual psychosocial and family lifestyle factors.

It has been proven scientifically that an unhygienic mouth can also enhance very deleterious consequences. For example, the use of tobacco products in any form is a major risk factor for cancers of the mouth and throat. Depending on the amount and type of tobacco used, there is a fourfold to fifteen fold increase in risk of developing these types of cancers. The most common sites are tongue, lip, floor of the mouth, soft palate, tonsils, salivary glands, and back of the throat.

In the United States more than 90 percent of all oral and pharyngeal cancers occur in individuals over age 45.

Like many other cancers, risk increases with age. Cigarette smokers who smoke more than one pack a day are 1.5 times more likely than light smokers to develop oral cancers. Although men are more likely than women to have oral cancer, there is concern that oral cancer in women will rise because of

Alcohol consumption also is associated with oral and mouth cancers. Because heavy smokers frequently drink alcoholic beverages, separating the effects of the two risk factors is difficult. The risk for oral and throat cancers appears to be higher among those who both smoke and drink alcohol

their increased use of tobacco products.

In addition, the increase in smokeless tobacco use has been associated with an increase in oral cancers in younger populations.

Alcohol consumption also is associated with oral and mouth cancers.

Because heavy smokers frequently also drink alcoholic beverages, separating the effects of the two risk factors is difficult. The risk for oral and throat cancers appears to be higher among those who both smoke and drink alcohol. Never starting is the best approach to preventing oral and mouth cancers. For those who have used or continue to use tobacco there is the need for early detection of cancerous lesions as early detection is more likely to lead to successful treatment.

While oral cancer generally has a high mortality rate, injury to the mouth and oral structures should also be taken seriously. This can be prevented by taking individual and collective steps to make school, playground, and home environments safe.

For example, using mouth protectors during contact sports and wearing helmet while riding bicycles and motorcycles provide protection against head and mouth injuries, which frequently result in loss of teeth and broken jaws. Appropriate use of seatbelts and child restraints in cars also reduce injuries to the head and mouth. Spousal and/or child abuse that can result in traumatic mouth and face injuries requires preventative interventions both at the interpersonal and societal levels.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

XI

The Wall of Life A funeral service is being held in a synagogue for a woman who has just passed away.

At the end of the service, the pallbearers are carrying the casket out when they accidentally bump into a wall jarring the casket.

They hear a faint moan.

They open the casket and find

that the woman is actually alive.

She lives for 10 more years and then dies.

A ceremony is again held at the same synagogue and at the end of the service the pallbearers are again carrying out the casket.

As they are walking, the husband cries out, “Watch out for the wall!”

Office Manager THE manager of a large office noticed a new man one day and told him to come into his office. “What’s your name?” he asked the new guy.

“John,” the new guy replied.

The manager scowled, “Look… I don’t know what kind of a namby-pamby place you worked before, but I don’t call anyone by their first name. It breeds familiarity and that leads to a breakdown in authority. I refer to my employees by their last name only …Smith, Jones, Baker…

That’s all. I am to be referred to only as Mr. Robertson. Now that we got that straight, what is your last name?”

The new guy sighed, “Darling. My name is John Darling.”

“Okay John, the next thing I want to tell you is . . .”

Circle Flies

AFTER pulling a farmer over for speeding, a state trooper started to lecture him about his speed, pompously implying that the farmer didn’t know any better and trying to make him feel as uncomfortable as possible.

He finally started writing out the ticket, but had to keep swatting at some flies buzzing around his head.

The farmer said, “Having some problems with circle flies there are ya?”

The trooper paused to take another swat and said, “Well, yes, if that’s what they are. I’ve never heard of circle flies.”

The farmer was pleased to enlighten the cop. “Circle flies are common on farms. They’re called circle flies because you almost always find them circling the back end of a horse.”

The trooper continues writing for a moment, then says, “Hey, are you trying to call me a horse’s behind?”

“Oh no, officer.” The farmer replies. “I have too much respect for law enforcement and police officers for that.”

“That’s a good thing,” the officer says rudely, then goes back to writing the ticket.

After a long pause, the farmer added, “Hard to fool them flies, though.”

The Conch Light

IN a misguided burst of creativity, I installed a nightlight in a conch shell I found on the beach. My wife took an instant dislike to it, and at the next yard sale it was the first thing she put out.

I felt vindicated when a woman kept coming back to check it out then finally bought it. “That will look great in your home,” I said.

“Oh it is not for me,” she explained. “My bridge club is having a charity auction and we were asked to bring in the most hideous thing we can find. What I’ve got here is a winner.”

Babies

M Y f i v e - y e a r- o l d daughter asked me the question I’d been dreading. “Mommy,

how are babies made?”

I did my best to explain but she still looked confused.

“What about kittens?

She asked.

“Well it’s exactly the same way, ” I said.

“Wow!” she said excitedly. “My daddy can do anything!”

XII

Ini Edo praises Buhari, hails Jonathan’s sportsmanship THE emergence of Muhammadu Buhari as Nigeria’s president-elect has been welcomed by many people across the globe.

Also, the acceptance of the outcome of the presidential election by President Goodluck Jonathan has been hailed by many people, who have described Jonathan as a man of integrity and honour.

One of those who have sent congratulatory messages to Buhari is sultry actress, Ini Edo. There is no doubt that Nigerian President has supported the creative industry in the country more than any other leader, and it was not a surprise to many political observers that entertainers rallied round him during the campaign.

In her message to Jonathan, Ini Edo said, “My President, you are indeed a great man; a man of

honour, dedication and integrity. Your kind nature will be missed by all

peace.

“You showed interest in an industry no other Ni-

Ini Edo casting her ballot Nigerians. You allowed peace throughout this election, and made us as a nation understand that there’s no alternative to

gerian President did: Entertainment! You contributed to giving us a voice.

You helped us grow! If only for this reason sir, I

remain eternally grateful.

“Nigerians have spoken, and, great man that you are, again you have heard. God bless you, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. May your days be long, and may you be granted your hearts desires.”

Hailing Buhari, the actress said, “Nigeria has decided. Congratulations Rtd Gen Mohammed Buhari, President Elect of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. I also congratulate Nigeria on the peace shown throughout this election.

“I had supported President Jonathan, but your voices have been heard, and your votes counted. Nigeria is about to embark on a new journey, and my prayer is for Nigeria to continue to stand as one nation in peace and harmony. God bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria.”

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Kate Henshaw gets ‘down ‘n dirty’ in new film

ONE of Nigeria’s highly respected actresses, Kate Henshaw, took some of her fans by surprise when she became involved recently in a dirty fight with a woman at a marketplace.

The mother of one may have been provoked by the woman, and the actress-cum-politician thought she could teach the woman a big lesson. But alas! She was beaten and ruffled on the ground to her greatest shock.

According to the storyline of the film she is shooting in Asaba, Delta State, Kate Henshaw was on her way to the market when an argument ensued between her and the woman, which later led into a serious fight. She was thrown to the ground and taught not to fight publicly again.

‘Public Assault’ is the name of the flick, which has the magical touch of Tchidi Chikere, a talented and top movie director in Nigeria.

The film stars the likes of Hafiz Oyetoro (Saka), and Queen Nwokoye. (nigeriafilms.com)

Charly Boy’s take on Domestic Violence

By Maryjane Ezeh MUSIC veteran Charles ‘Charly Boy’ Oputa is always known for his controversial articles. The grandfather, who still wants to be very relevant in the entertainment industry, just wrote an article on how he thinks men should beat their wives.

It reads: “When I look back at my life, and all the stuff I did as a carefree, young and restless youth, I can’t help but shudder at some of my very bad habits. Yes, I was once short-fused; blowing off at the slightest provocation. It was pitiful. Over time I have managed to rid myself of such sad habits but that can’t be said for a lot of men some of who, even late in their lives can’t still get over it, thereby losing their cool in their homes. No be small thing sha.

“Domestic violence is an under reported crime in Nigeria, almost accepted as norm. Some men feel it’s their right, some feel it’s always the women who bring out the beast in them, while others will readily admit its a way of stamping their authority in the home. Sadly, many don’t see anything wrong with beating their wives. How sad! Yes, am aware there are women who beat up their husbands, but those are in the minority and this piece ain’t about them.

“The most guilty perpetrators are usually

men and the victims are mostly their wives and sometimes their children too.

“Men abusing women is like a defence and coping mechanism for being or feeling WEAK in other aspects of life, sometimes including deep analog beliefs about masculinity. Men who abuse loved ones tend

veteran Charles

to blame other things or people for their violent outbursts. In some cases, it is a cycle: ‘My father abused me and my mom,

so, it’s normal.’

“Society doesn’t help either; it ingrains in a man’s psyche that macho bullshit; how he should be strong and if he can’t exhibit that in his daily public life, it’s ok for him to go home and prove his strength.

“Abusive men are not limited to a particular status, it ranges from a bricklayer to a CEO or even a President, causing their women to perpetually live in anxiety and fear. Most of them tip-toe around their husbands, not because they respect these men, but because of fear.

“A violent man might have grown up in a dysfunctional household but this is still not a reason to be abusive. It is an excuse, and a flimsy one at that.

“Some men don’t come from humble homes where women are appreciated.

Some of us come from homes that expose us to sex, gossip, male macho bullshit.

Values for treating women start with where you’re coming from, your background.

However, beyond these, what fucks most men up is our BIG FAT EGO. It has everything to do with selfishness or overrated feeling of self-importance. QED. Ego is the source of many negatives in the world. It is the false ‘self’ that Jesus said we should let die before we can gain everlasting life. Ego craves to be first, but we must be willing to be last. Uncondition-

al love comes with humility, selflessness, abundant generosity, perfect responsibility, fearless confidence.

I no go brag, am not all that, but I dey try. God knows!

Now, for the man who feels trapped in this mad dance with his loved ones and is trying very hard to rid himself of this very terrible habit, do like me. If you start to feel that your fuse is about to burst, try and say nothing, hold it in for a few minutes and relocate yourself to another space, either in your house, or outside. Allow some time to elapse before you express yourself, never talk or let your fist run amok when you’re upset; it doesn’t make for a good picture.

Even though I have cured myself of my short fuse, i still get tempted from time to time. What works best for me now is silence. I go and lock myself in my room and will never utter a word to my lady until am sure am in control of my faculties. Since many moons ago, I have discovered that this is a very effective option in dealing with a very bad temper.

“So, next time you are with your woman and you feel like turning her into a punching bag, change the game, beat her with your silence for the period you feel like blowing your fuse. Na my way be that oooooo.”

Born to Fly

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

By Neil Primus

DAVID Gravesande is 44 and a Kite Maker by profession. Taught by his father, he began making kites from age six. He has a modest business on Jackson Dam, East Le Penitence.

His work for Easter begins in December.

He buys wood, kite paper, grease proof paper and magazines. He collects Etay pointer and bamboo then starts his production.

He has made very small and very big kites. His smallest was two inches and he has made at least four, 8 feet kites. His kites have been entered in a number of kite flying

competitions.

Every year he produces between 700 to 800 kites with the assistance of his two sons who he is gradually teaching the trade. All his kites are sold out.

David remembers being taught by his father then working and learning from another skilled Kite Maker named Buddy.

He had tried on a number of occasions to teach the art to youths but without success.

He explained that they have little patience and soon stop coming to learn. One of his kites won the GT&T Kite Flying Competition in 2012.

While doing this interview many people

East La Penitence ‘Kite Maker’ Mr David Gravesande

including schools children arrived and made purchases or orders. David worked as we chatted and he demonstrated how quickly he can make a kite. In less than six minutes he had put together a two feet kite.

He remembers with pride his best kite being a 5’ creation of beauty and intricate designs.

He is skillful at making the many types of loops: S-Bow, Triangle Bow, ½ Bow, Pulling and Mounting. The bulls are also a work of art.

There are the singing Triangle and Flat Bulls.

David has made Kite tails from cloth, cord and rope. He remembers making fighting kites with razors in their tail.

These would contest with others and try to cut flying twines. These were plenty of fun.

“I love kite making and I would not feel good if I don’t make kites for Easter. You can say it is a calling.” His designs range from

XIII

Stars, Star Points, Hearts and Butterflies. On some of his kites could be seen pictures of movie stars and singers.

David produces close to 100 frames every day. He then does the finished product according to orders. His big kites 5’ – 8’ take between ½ hour to forty five minutes to create.

David disclosed that he has two cousins who are Kite Makers. The remarkable thing about this is they are both females. He feels the trade runs in the family and does not see a future without kite making.

Whenever he begins measuring, checking, cutting, drilling, grooving, framing, pasting and designing, he is focused on doing a prefect job. His kites must live up to expectation. They must be even, they must be straight, they must be ‘will designed’ and they most of all must fly.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Traditional Easter Symbols and their Meanings

EGGS AND CHICKS Like Rabbits and Hares, Chicks are often associated with Easter because, in Pagan times, they were signs of Fertility and New Life. The Early Christians took over the meaning of New Life because it helped them remember the Resurrection and having New Life through Jesus Christ.

Eggs were used by the ancient Persians and Egyptians to celebrate New Year, which happened for them in spring time.

The eggs were colored and eaten during the celebrations. In Europe, colored eggs were used to celebrate Easter as house decorations. In Eastern European countries, such as Hungary and Romania, wooden eggs are beautifully painted in lots of different patterns. The patterns often have special names and meanings and help to tell the Easter Story.

FABERGÉ EGGS (PRONOUNCED FAE.BER.JHEY) In Russia, during the early years of the 20th century, the former Royal rulers Czar Alexander III and Czar Nicholas II had some very special Easter Eggs made for them by the jeweller Carl Fabergé, creating the infamous Fabergé eggs.

The first egg was a gift from Alexander III to his wife, was made of gold and white enamel. Inside the egg was a golden yolk containing a golden hen with ruby eyes.

Inside the hen was a tiny golden crown. It was so beautiful that the Czar (meaning King) said that every Easter, Fabergé should make the Czarina (or Queen) a special egg.

The design of the egg was left up to Fabergé, but each egg had to have a surprise in it. It was made of solid silver, with a map of the train route on it. The stations were marked with precious Jewels, and inside was a gold clockwork train!

Fabergé made eggs for other members of the Russian royal family, and occasionally for the Czar to present to other monarchs. They are very precious, and are kept in royal collections and museums.

In some countries, egg hunts take place over Easter. Eggs are hidden around a house or garden and children have to find them. Sometimes they are told that the eggs were hidden by the Easter Hare or Bunny.

BUNNIES, RABBITS AND LAMBS These animals are often associated with Easter because most babies of the animals are born in Spring around Easter time. In Pagan times, like Eggs, Rabbits and Hares were signs of Good Luck and New Life. The Early Christians took over the meaning since it reminded them of Jesus being raised from the dead and having New Life.

The Lamb is a symbol of Jesus in the Bible as He was called ‘the Lamb of God’. This is because Lambs were and are still used in the Jewish faith as a sacrifice for people’s sins and wrong doings. Christians believe that Jesus was killed and sacrificed for everyone. In many countries, Lamb is eaten as the main Easter Day meal.

EASTER BONNETS Easter Bonnets come from European traditions of wearing flowers on a hat to celebrate spring. It was developed over the years into a way of ladies celebrating Easter and of showing off to family and friends as to who had the best Bonnet! Countries all over the world now host hat shows to celebrate Easter. Source: http://www. whyeaster.com

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

XV

EASTER, KITES AND TRADITION

By Neil Primus

EASTER is the most important celebration of the Christmas calendar. It is preceded

by Lent – a forty day period of fasting and giving of alms. After the fasting, Easter brings celebrations. Jesus is risen!

There are many Easter traditions here in Guyana. Of recent we have begun the egg decorating and hunting for the colourful eggs, this is done mainly by the children.

We bake cross buns on Holy Thursday, go to church for the entire Easter weekend: Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday.

Easter Monday is our traditional kite flying day but weeks before this day arrives, kites are already dotting the sky. Schools hold kite making competitions and also have a special day for kite flying.

But how did kites come about in the first place? Kites were invented in China. Back

then they were used primarily for military purposes. These early kites were large wooden kites called Muyuan. These were used to spy on enemy positions, for signalling and dropping propaganda leaflets over enemy forces. Kites were even used to catch fish by early natives living in the South Sea Islands.

As kite flying spread to Europe compliments of Marco Polo, it soon got to North and South America. One of the most famous kites in history was created and flown by Benjamin Franklyn in 1750 during a thunderstorm. He set out to prove that lightening was caused by electricity. And prove it he did.

Soon kites were being used for all sorts of things, human flight, science, meteorology, photography and many very popular kite sailing sports. Kite landboarding, kite boating, kite surfing and snow kiting are among the most popular.

In Guyana we have our own Easter traditions. On Easter Monday the sky over

populated areas in Georgetown, East Coast of Demerara, East Bank of Demerara and Essequibo are teeming with kites of all sizes, colours and styles.

National Park, Joe Vieira’s Park, Sports Grounds, open fields, the Sea Walls and many streets, yards, veranda’s and roofs will be swarming with exciting kite flyers of all ages.

Kite makers will cash in and their creations will bring joy to many hearts.

For the numerous people who cannot afford kites, generous people like the President will donate kites to hundreds of grateful children.

I traversed some parts off GT and spoke to kite makers, kite flyers and Kaddy Old Punch experts. They all express one joy at Easter – seeing their kites soar into the blue sky.

School was out because of the Easter break so many kids were enjoying the sunshine and testing out their new kites.

An industry dominated by men, I met a

Female Kitemaker. Malini Bacchus works in the family kite making business with her husband Inshan and an uncle. She has been creating kites for more than eight years. She remembers fondly her earliest kite flying experiences.

“My father made one kite every Easter.

There were four children and he told us we had to share it. We all took turns flying the precious kite. Sometimes it survived the season and was put away for the next year.”

She showed me a four feet kite that belonged to her son Isaiah. Inshan, her husband is a self-made kite maker. He has been in the business for over 32 years. A barber by trade, he and his family create between 600 to 1000 kits every year. Whenever a customer visits Creative Barber Shop on Mandela Avenue in Alexander Village they ► Continued on page XVI

Kite Maker at work - Alexander Village

Kite Maker - Rasville

Going up - St Pius

Getting ready to fly - Laing Avenue

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

EASTER, KITES ...

► From page XV

will see an assortment of kites on display there. It is here Inshan plies both of his trades.

This kite family creates an assortment of kites every year. He gave me the following list of different types of kites.

- Star Point - Pointer Tips - Cartoon Characters - Bird Kites - Box Kites - Heart Kites - Patch Work Work on thes kites begin between December and January. Wood (Siparuta) is bought and prepared. Except for bamboo, all of the other material are imported. This pushes the price of the kites up. With the mass importation of Chinese Kites, the local kits makers suffer losses. The foreign kites are cheaper and found everywhere.

A typical kite consists of materials such as wood, nail, bamboo, plastic or grease proof paper, Barbados paper, rope, twine, thread, cheese paper and kite paper. From nine inches to nine feet, the kites can be created to do any of the following: pulling, swinging, swooping, mounting, fighting and madly pitching and bucking. There are the majestic mounting kites, the stubborn pulling kites and the battle kites created primarily for aerial combat.

These gladiators are equipped with razors in the tail. They are designed to destroy any kite that ventures near. The only arch enemy of the kite is a sudden heavy downpour of rain.

This event has caused many kites to plunge from the sky minus all the lovely paper and decorations. Sad faces- some tear streaked- head home with a frame, soggy, drooping strands of paper and tangled twine everywhere.

But there is the marathon kites. When they go up, they stay up. Many nights you can lie in bed and still hear the drone of kites flying proudly. The flyer has taken a more discrete posture – horizontal meditation. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Time for me to go to the Sea Walls and fly my kite. I have taken great care with it so as to ensure that it is not damaged.

It’s cheap but as much a kite as any other.

Yes, you guessed it. This year I am flying my Kaddy Old Punch made from pointer, an exercise book middle page, some thread and a small tail. It will rise majestically to rub shoulders with all the others. In case it rains or it is damaged I will not worry. I have walked with an exercise book and a few pointers. Spare parts are going to be no problem.

A BLESSED EASTER TO ALL GUYANESE!

Family Tradition - Alexander Village

My kite for Easter

My Kaddy Old Punch is better

Kites for sale - Alexander Village

My Birdkite taking flight

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

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Flying High This Easter

O

N the Southern side of the Buxton Public Road is a tent.

Inside this small space is a hive of activities. Willing hands are moving with confidence and dexterity. Some are making frames,other are putting groves and nailing frames. There are the drillers, frills and tongue makers, pasters, designers and loop makers. The finished products are magnificent kites ready to play their part this Easter.

Marvin Cole’s Easter Collection had been in existence for many years.Marvin’s interest in kites stemmed from a traumatic childhood experience. A relative bought him aChinese kite in 1986. Fate ensured that the kite never worked.

This upset him briefly but then determination and ambition stepped in. The next year he began to create his own kites. He has been getting better and better every year.

By the first week in February every year, preparation begins with the help of a loyal and skillful team of youths. Paper is imported from Trinidad& Tobago. Wood, bamboo,twine and strings are bought. Then work moves into high gear.

All types of kites are created. Star Point, Star Point Diamond (From 6 – 96 Diamonds can be put on these kites).Hassa Back is a more technical kite that takes some skill to create. The number of diamonds this can accommodate ranges from 6 to 156.

Marvin Cole’s Easter Collection

Kites for sale in Buxton There are the Seven Point Star, Seven Point Hassa Back, Box Kite, Bird Kite and Star kite.

Each year more than 1000 Kites of various sizes are sold: 18”, 2’, 3’ 4’& 5’. Sometimes orders are received for specific kites for competitions.

Marvin is also generous and gives complete kites plus $500 to many children who visit his workshop regularly. Where there are kites there are bound to be children so a substantial number of his kites are given away. He also makes special kites for a cricket team every year.

Orders come from all over Guyana. His kites have gone all across the country, the Caribbean and even on a few occasion to North America.

Marvin disclosed that the largest kite he ever constructed was a massive six-foot kite. His smallest was a tiny one-inch kite. All his kites go airborne.

When I asked about Kaddy Old Punch there was no response. I realised that Old Kaddies are not made by modern Kite Makers. Sorry Kaddy my friend. I’ll just have to make my own. An exercise page, two pointers, some thread and a few strips of old cloth for a tail. Then it’s up, up and away. That is if it ever gets off the ground.(Neil Primus)

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Popular Guyanese singer ‘Natural Black’

By Alex Wayne GUYANA-BORN roots singer Natural Black is slated, on May 24, to perform at the James R Hallford Stadium in Georgia, USA, at an event to be hosted by the Guyana Association of Georgia, Inc. “It is always an honour to represent my birth country. I am proud to be regarded as a music ambassador,” the 40-year-old Natural Black declared.

MUSIC AMBASSADOR Natural Black will, this summer, embark on a series of shows in the United States of America to promote his album, ‘No Prejudice’, which was released last year.

He has fans in the Caribbean, Europe, the United States and Latin America, and is currently signed to Vision Sound Studios of Guyana.

He possesses a distinctively smooth and mellow voice, and parlays a style of his own. He is solidly in the forefront of the new roots and culture movement, and is a regular among the top record producers and show promoters. Over the years, he has recorded with Organic, King Jammys, 5th Element, Rootsdown, In The Streetz, Lustre Kings, Addis, 321 Strong, Firehouse, Harmony House, Digital B, Lion Paw, Big Yard, Kickin’, Young Blood, No Doubt, and Maximum Sound, amongst others.

He is closely associated with fellow deejays Norris Man and Perfect, and often voices tunes in joint sessions over the same riddims with them.

Natural Black tours extensively, and has performed to sold-out audiences in Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Austria, France, Italy

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Natural Black to perform in USA for Guyana Association of Georgia

and Slovenia. He has performed on most of the major Reggae shows and festivals, such as Uppsala Reggae Festival, Reggae Sumfest, Sting, Rebel Salute, East Fest and others.

FOLLOWING DREAMS Born Mortimer Softleigh in the mining town of Linden, he was nicknamed ‘Black and White’ in the depressed Georgetown community of Albouystown because of his love for dressing in those colours.

He moved to Jamaica in 1995 to pursue his dream of becoming a reggae singer. On his arrival on that island, he worked as a welder and coffee picker while recording in his spare time for various producers.

He made the rounds voicing for the likes of Anthony Red Rose, Gordon Lee, Jack Scorpio, Freddie McGregor and Beres Hammond.

Some producers released material and others didn’t, but of the singles that came out, all suffered for lack of promotion.

P.G. Music’s Marlon McCubbin produced his 1995 album, ‘Far From Reality’ (Greensleeves) - easily Natural’s biggest success thus far.

The Jamaican musicians he hung around renamed him Natural Black, and his fortunes began to change when, in 2000, he met Roger Grant, a young producer just starting his label, Organic Records. This association resulted in two singles, “With Feeling” and “Bad Mind”, which captured the audiences’ attention and brought him his first taste of success.

Both songs charted, and they were followed by ‘In The Streetz’, and ‘Never Leave You Lonely’, which peaked at number three on the Star Charts.

Grant became his manager, and capitalised on the popularity of the singles by booking him on major shows like Sting, Reggae Sumfest, and Rebel Salute.

His promising career was further bolstered with frequent tours in France, Switzerland, and Sweden, among other territories. Around this fertile period, he also saw the release of his first album, ‘Spiritual Food’ on French label Patate, followed by ‘World War’ on Lionroots.

His manager migrated to the USA in 2004, and Natural Black scored in 2006 for producer Don Corleon with the chart topping song ‘Far From Reality’.

The artist continues to record prolifically, but has not been able to consistently maintain a high public profile. His career is seemingly stuck in the stages of potential, and the Guyanese hope is yet to truly conquer his adopted homeland.

He has since recorded for several producers, and his releases include ‘Wanna Tell You I Love You’, ‘Don’t Play With My Heart’, and ‘Far From Reality’ -- his biggest hit to date.

Natural Black caused a stir in May 2012 when he cut his locks, saying he was no longer living a Rastafarian lifestyle. “I am not my locks, therefore it cannot slow me down,” he said, when asked if his career was affected by that decision.

Natural Black has reportedly not lived up to the expectations some in the local music circles have had for him; but he is satisfied with his growth. “I am happy with where I am, because I have peace of mind; but, of course, there is always room for improvement. Whoever doesn’t think they can keep growing is egotistical,” he said.

SETBACKS In 2007, he was arrested at the Norman Manley International Airport in Jamaica, and was fined $2000 and sentenced to 120 hours of community service after plead-

Astounding musical talent from the local shores ing guilty to charges of disorderly conduct, indecent language, resisting arrest, and being armed with an offensive weapon (a ratchet knife).

He was arrested again in October that year on suspicion of stealing a car, although he was released after spending seven days in custody.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

XXI

The Full Easter Story!

A

BOUT 1,960 years ago, Jesus and his friends and followers were in Jerusalem preparing for the special Passover celebrations.

At the same time, the chief priests and other Jewish officials were meeting at the house of Caiaphas, the High

Priest, to discuss ways of capturing Jesus quietly, and killing him. They wanted to kill Jesus because they hated how popular he was with the people and thought he might take some of their power away, and also more importantly, they did not believe Jesus’s claim that he was the Son of God. “But we can’t do it during the Passover celebrations,” they agreed, “because the people might riot.”

Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus’s twelve disciples, went to the chief priests, and asked, “How much will you pay me if I betray Jesus to you?” They gave him thirty silver coins. From then on, Judas watched for a chance to betray Jesus to them.

On the first day of the Passover ceremonies, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where are we going to eat our Passover meal?” Jesus replied, “Go into the city and find a man carrying a water jar and tell him, ‘Our Master says, my time has come, and I will eat the Passover meal with my disciples at your house.’” So the disciples did as he told them, and prepared the meal there.

That evening as Jesus sat eating the Passover meal with his disciples, He broke the bread, blessed it and said, “Take this and eat it, for this is my body, which I am giving for you.” He then took the cup of wine and gave thanks and said, “Drink this, all of you. This is my blood which is poured out for you.”

Then he said, “One of you will betray me.” The disciples asked each other who would do that. But Judas knew he was talking about him and slipped out as soon as he could.

Jesus and the rest of the disciples fin-

ished the meal and when they had sung a hymn, they went out to a local beauty spot, the Mount of Olives, and Jesus said to them, “This very night all of you will run away and leave me.” Peter, one of Jesus’s best friends, said to him, “Even if everyone else leaves you, I never will.

Even if I have to die with you, I will never let you down. I tell you the truth,” Jesus answered, “Tonight, before the

rooster crows, you will say three times that you don’t know me.”

Then Jesus took his disciples to a place called Gethsemane and said to them, “Sit here while I go over there and pray. Pray for strength against temptation.” He went a little way from them, knelt down and started to pray. “God, my Father, if it is possible, please take this burden from me. But do what you want, not what I want.” Jesus stayed there and prayed for about an hour.

When he returned to the disciples, he found them asleep and asked them, “Why are you sleeping? Couldn’t you stay awake for one hour? Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation, for your spirit is willing, but your body is weak.” Then he went away for a second time to pray, “My Father, if it is not possible to take this painful thing from me, and if I must do it, I pray that

what you want will happen.” Jesus went back to his followers and found that they had fallen asleep again, so he went and prayed a third time. When he came back the last time, they were still asleep so he told them, “Wake up! It is nearly time for the Son of Man to be betrayed by sinners! Here comes my betrayer.”

After he left the meal, Judas had gone to the high priests and made arrangements with them and the soldiers about how they would know Jesus. “The one who I kiss is the one to arrest.”, he said. When they arrived where Jesus and his disciples were, Judas went up to Jesus and kissed him and said, “Greetings, Teacher.” And with that, the soldiers arrested Jesus.

Jesus was taken to the court of Caiaphas (the High Priest), the teachers of the law and the Jewish Elders. Peter followed at a distance into the courtyard. He sat down with the guards to see what would happen. The priests and the Sanhedrin (the name of the Jewish parliament) brought lots of witnesses

who told lies about Jesus. But nothing could be proved and Jesus would not say anything to defend himself. Finally the High Priest said to him, “I ask you under oath: Are you the Son of God?” Jesus replied, “You say that I am.” Then the High Priest said, “He has spoken against God!! Do we need anymore witnesses?”

The other priests replied, “He should die for what he has said!”

Meanwhile, in the courtyard, a servant girl came up to Peter and said, “You were with Jesus of Galilee.” Peter said, “I don’t know what you’re talking about.” Then he went out to the gateway where another girl saw him and told the people around her, “This man was with Jesus of Galilee.” Peter said, “I swear I don’t know him!” After a little while, the people standing around the gate came up to Peter and said, “Surely you were with him, your accent gives you away.” (People from Galilee had a different accent to people in Jerusalem.) Now Peter became angry and said, “I don’t know the man!!”

Immediately a rooster crowed. Then Peter remembered what Jesus had told him, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” He went outside and cried. He had denied knowing Jesus because he was scared that he might be arrested.

To sentence someone to death, the Jewish leaders had to have the Roman Governor’s permission. So even thought it was now getting towards dawn (and against Jewish law!) they took Jesus before the Roman governor, Pilate, who asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus replied, “Those are your words.” The priests and chief elders then began accusing him and still, Jesus did nothing to defend himself (much to the amazement of Pilate). The governor said, “Don’t you hear how they’re accusing you?” But still, Jesus didn’t say

anything!

Pilate didn’t know what to do with Jesus. Because he didn’t think he had done anything wrong, he sent him to the Jewish King Herod. Herod was pleased that Jesus had been arrested and questioned him, but again, Jesus said nothing. So Herod made fun of him and Herod’s soldiers beat Jesus up.

Then Herod sent Jesus back to Pilate as he didn’t know what to do with Jesus either!

It was the custom, at the time Passover, for the Roman governor to release one Jewish prisoner chosen by the ordinary people. At that time, they had a notorious prisoner called Barabbas.

When Pilate asked the crowd who they wanted released. The Priests stirred up the crowd so they called for Barabbas.

Pilate asked them, “What do you want me to do with Jesus, who is called King of the Jews?” They answered back, let by the Priests, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”

Pilate asked them, “Why? What crime has he committed?” But, they shouted even louder, “CRUCIFY HIM!!

CRUCIFY HIM!!” When Pilate saw that he was getting nowhere, he took some water and washed his hands in front of the crowd. (This is where we get the phrase ‘washing our hands of something’ when we want to show that we don’t want the blame if something goes wrong!) Then Pilate released Barabbas.

Jesus was flogged, and handed him over to be crucified.

The governor’s soldiers took Jesus into the governor’s palace and gathered around him. They stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him and then twisted together a crown of thorns and rammed it on his head. They put a staff in his right hand and knelt in front of him and mocked him saying, “Hail, king of the Jews!” They spat on him, and took the

staff and struck him on the head again and again. After they had beaten him up, they took off the robe and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him away to crucify him.

As the soldiers led him away, they grabbed a man named Simon, (who was from Cyrene and on his way in from the country) from the watching crowd and made him carry the cross because Jesus had been beaten so badly, he was too weak to do so.

When they came to the place where they executed people, called Golgotha or ‘The Place of the Skull’, they offered Jesus cheap wine to drink to help stop the pain, but after he tasted it, he refused to drink it. When they had nailed Jesus up on to the Cross, the Jewish rulers among the crowd sneered at Jesus, saying, “If you are so wonderful and the King of the Jews, save yourself.” An

inscription, in Greek, Latin and Hebrew, was written on a bit of wood and put over Jesus’ head on the cross. It read, “THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS.” Jesus prayed to God, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.”

Two thieves were being crucified at the same time as Jesus, one on the right and one on the left. One of the criminals who hung next to Jesus hurled insults at him, “Aren’t you the Christ? Why don’t you save yourself and us, too!!” But the other thief disagreed with him and said, “Aren’t you afraid of God since you are under the same sentence? We are being punished because we did wrong things.

But this man has done nothing wrong.”

Then he said to Jesus, “Remember me when you come into your Kingdom.” Jesus told him, “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in heaven.”

This happened about 12noon, and from then until 3pm it was dark because the sun did not shine! At 3 o’clock Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “My God, My God, why have you left me?” Then Jesus cried out in a loud voice again, “It is finished!” And he died. A Roman centurion, was standing in front of Jesus and heard his cry and saw how he died.

He said, “Surely, this man was the Son of God!” Because the next day was the Sabbath (Saturday, the Jewish Holy Day), the Jews didn’t want the bodies left on the crosses. Later, an important Jewish council member called Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for Jesus’s body.

Pilate gave his permission for Joseph to remove his body. He and Nicodemus (another council member) took Jesus’ body and wrapped it in strips of cloth (which was the Jewish burial custom).

Near the place where Jesus was crucified, there was a garden that Joseph owned and in the garden was a tomb that no one else had ever used. So they buried Jesus in this tomb. The Romans put their best guards at the tomb and the Jewish Leaders had a massive stone rolled in front of it to stop Jesus’s followers stealing the body and saying that he had come back to life.

Early on Sunday morning, Mary Magdelene, one of Jesus’s followers, and some other women went to the tomb to put spices onto the body to stop it smelling. When they got to the tomb, they discovered that the stone had been rolled away from the entrance. They wondered what had happened! Suddenly two men dressed is white robes that glowed appeared in the tomb. The women were very frightened, but the men said “He is not here! He has risen just as he said.” ► Continued on page XXII

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The Full Easter ...

FROM CENTRE

Then the women remembered what Jesus had said.

The women left the tomb and went to tell the other disciples about what had happened. The others did not believe the women because it sounded like rubbish! But Peter and John got up and ran to the tomb and found it empty with only strips of cloth lying in it. When they saw the empty grave,they believed that Jesus had risen.

Then the disciples went home Mary stayed at the tomb and was very sad and crying. She turned away from the tomb and saw Jesus there, but she didn’t know it was Jesus. “Why are you crying? Who are you looking for?” Jesus asked her. She thought it was the gardener so said

to him, “If you took Jesus’s body away, please tell me where he is so I can go and see him.” Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned to look at the man properly and saw that it was Jesus. Said said to him, “Rabboni!” (this means ‘teacher’ in Hebrew) She when to hug Jesus, but he said, “Don’t hold on to me, because I have not gone back to heaven yet.

But go and tell my disciples that I am going back to heaven.” So Mary went back and told the disciples all about what had happened and that she had seen Jesus alive!

Jesus Appears to the Disciples

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015 Later on the same day, two of Jesus’s followers were walking from Jerusalem to a town called Emmaus (about 11 kilometres or 7 miles). They were talking about what had happened over the last few days. They were joined by a stranger on the road and started walking with him. It was Jesus but they didn’t recognise him. Jesus asked them “What are you talking about?” They told Jesus all that had happened and about the women going to the tomb, the Angels telling them that Jesus was Alive and the other disciples finding the tomb empty. Jesus then explained to them about what the old Jewish prophets had said about Jesus coming back to life (although they still didn’t recognise him!) When they had finished talking, they were near Emmaus.

It was getting late, so the two men asked Jesus to stay the night with them.

They sat down to dinner and Jesus said grace. As he broke the bread to eat, the disciple realised it was Jesus. (They might have seen the holes in Jesus’s hands where the nails had been.) They were amazed and ran all the way back to Jerusalem to tell the other disciples in Jerusalem what had happened!

They found the other disciples in a locked room because they were scared of being found by the Jewish leaders. While the two disciples were saying what had happened, Jesus appeared in the room and said “Peace be with you!” They were scared and thought Jesus was a ghost. But Jesus said “Look at my hands and feet, it is me. Touch my hands where the nails went in. A ghost doesn’t have a body!”

He showed them his pierced hands where the nails had gone in and they believed it was him, Alive! Jesus ate some fish with them and explained why he had died and that he would soon go back to heaven. He also explained that he would send a helper, the Holy Spirit, to live in and help all of Jesus’s followers. He told them not to leave Jerusalem until the Helper had come. He also told them to go and tell other people about him and that he loves everyone so much he died for them.

But there was one disciple who wasn’t there when Jesus first appeared, his name was Thomas and he doubted that Jesus really was alive. He said that unless he saw the holes in Jesus hands, he wouldn’t believe that he was raised from the dead.

The next week, the disciples were in the room again. This time Thomas was with them. Even though the room was locked, Jesus still appeared to them. He showed Thomas his hands. Thomas touched him and said, “My Lord and My God!” And believed that Jesus was alive.

40 days after Jesus rose from the dead, he got his followers together and took them out to Bethany. He prayed for them and while he was doing so, he was carried back up into Heaven. A shining cloud covered Jesus, but suddenly two men dressed in white shining clothes stood next to Jesus and said “Why are you looking into the sky? Jesus who you saw going into heaven will return the same way!”

The disciples went back to Jerusalem as Jesus had told them to do. A while later, the disciples were in a house waiting to celebrate Pentecost (the Jewish harvest festival). Suddenly there was a sound like a strong blowing wind in the house. They saw things like flames of fire that came and rested on each of the disciples.

They were filled with the Holy Spirit, the helper just as Jesus had promised.

They went outside and to tell people about Jesus and found that people from lots of different countries could understand what they were saying. (People from different countries were staying in Jerusalem then for the Pentecost festival.) The people didn’t understand this was possible, some people thought they were all drunk! But Peter said “How can we be drunk? It’s nine o’clock in the morning!”

The disciples found that by the power of the Holy Spirit, they could speak lots of different languages.

They told all the people about Jesus and what he did for everyone. Over 3000 people became Christians that day!

People have been telling others about Jesus all over the world ever since. (Source: whyeaster.com)

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

ARIES - New projects and ideas have been gaining strength, so this might be a good time to test the waters and see if it feels right to go ahead. Romance fairly sizzles as passions intensify. You could just as easily close a lucrative deal if you put your mind to it. Balance excitement with a realistic appraisal of the facts for best results over the days ahead. Avoid a falling out over the weekend, as it might not be in your best interests.

TAURUS - A conversation may set you thinking about the potential for romance with someone. Try to avoid obsessive thinking, as it won’t be helpful.

When Mars moves into your sign on Tuesday you’ll feel energised and ready to tackle those projects that have been on the back burner. Even so, it pays to listen to your intuition over the days ahead. It could give you valuable guidance on financial and family matters. A spat may be unavoidable unless you can soothe troubled waters.

GEMINI - You know what you want and people admire you for taking decisive action. Go about your business quietly, as this week’s influences indicate you’d do best in the background plotting your next move carefully. When it comes to socialising you’ll be very much upfront and eager to enjoy yourself wherever possible. You may be motivated to pay attention to your intuition, as it could provide accurate information on a number of key issues. Later, take a friend’s words with a grain of salt.

CANCER - If you’re looking for love, this week spotlights romantic possibilities. One person may entice you with an offer you can’t refuse. Moderation should be your mantra. Have fun, but use your common sense, too. Your social life perks up as Mars zips in on Tuesday. This is a grand opportunity to expand your network of friends and have more fun. If you’ve been busy, this is your chance to kick back and relax. But if a lucrative opportunity shows up, grab it.

LEO -You may be very confident that you can carry off your latest idea or project as Mercury glides into Aries on Monday. This is a good time to get the advice of others, especially if they’ve succeeded with similar plans. Where career matters are concerned, the presence of Mars in Taurus gives you staying power, meaning that you’ll be happy to work hard now if you can enjoy positive results later. If adventure calls, you’ll be ready and willing to follow your heart.

VIRGO - The focus zeroes in on matters associated with finances and shared resources. Perhaps it’s time to discuss important issues with your bank or financial adviser, especially if your cash situation has been edgy lately. If you’ve been hard at work, you may be inspired to make travel plans this week - finally.

Thoughts of a well-deserved vacation may motivate you. Where romance is concerned, tread carefully over the weekend. Your love interest could be especially sensitive.

LIBRA - An item you’ve coveted for some time could be calling out to you.

Perhaps it’s time to make that special purchase! Your love life and social life seem very upbeat this week. You may get an invitation to go on a date or to a delightful get-together. If someone comes to you with a plan or idea, check the facts before you commit. Over the weekend it helps to compromise and cooperate, especially regarding a home or family issue. Don’t rock the boat!

SCORPIO -If someone has a proposition for you, give it careful consideration.

It may be a worthwhile option. In the main, this week seems to be a busy one as Mercury heads into your work zone. You’ll likely be in a fiery mood and determined to beat off the competition. This could stand you in good stead if you don’t overdo it. Relationships may get antsy as Mars enters your relationship sector. You can reach a new understanding by clearing the air.

SAGITTARIUS -This week you’ll feel more like your usual self, ready to take charge and blaze a new trail. Mars in Taurus could be the catalyst that shakes up your routine just enough to revive your enthusiasm in a plan or task. Creative activities and pleasure options call out to you, too, so dive in and have fun in whatever way suits you best. If you’ve been thinking about travelling, perhaps you should firm up plans. Go easy with spending over the weekend, however!

CAPRICORN - A dating opportunity sizzles, but you’ll need to be quick to take advantage of it. You can make a lasting impression if you spread on the charm thick enough. Life at home seems rather hectic, and could involve plans for redecorating or remodelling. Don’t jump into action without planning ahead first. Leisure and pleasure options show up, too, encouraging you to put down the tools and take a spa day or get a massage. Romance is sensuously alive and yours for the taking.

AQUARIUS -Home-based activities may appeal for the chance they afford to unwind and let go. If issues have bugged you and left you feeling tired recently, then a retreat might do you a world of good. You’ll need the peace and quiet because you’ll be busy planning, discussing key issues, and negotiating terms for much of the week. The more rested you are, the more successful you can be. Think carefully about volunteering your time. It might be more trouble than it’s worth.

PISCES - You might have mixed feelings if you’re meeting with an old pal or ex. If you’re willing to chat, you could be pleasantly surprised at how much he or she has changed. Regarding goals and ambitions, it might be a good idea to proceed with caution until you’re certain you want to continue. A review of your priorities can help you out here. The weekend can be a lot of fun, but avoid taking someone’s words the wrong way. An inoffensive approach is best.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

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EASTER EGG TO COLOUR

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

Ten dangerous dog breeds

PITBULL

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GERMAN SHEPHERD

- from around the world THERE are many factors that play a role when assigning a ‘danger’ level to a dog but most critics and researchers disagree as to what these factors are. Consequently, it’s unfair to callously label a dog as dangerous. Nevertheless, it can’t be helped that some dog breeds have more potential to cause serious harm to a person if the dog were to decide to attack.

Therefore, the following are ten (10) of the most dangerous dog breeds – with the focus being on the potential of a dog to cause serious injury to a victim. It is important to note however that most dogs are bred with the desire to please their masters. Thus most incidents involving dogs stem from improper training and harsh ownership.(Source: list25.com) ► Continued on page XXVIII

The term ‘pit bull’ encompasses certain breeds of dog from the American Pit Bull Terrier, the Staffordshire bull terrier, the American Staffordshire terrier, and the American Bulldog.

Originally bred for baiting bulls and bears, the majority of their breeds were also used for dog fighting in numerous parts of the world and is considered as the most dangerous dog in the United States of America.

German Shepherds are a breed of dogs that originated from Germany. The German Shepherd can weigh as much as 70 to 100 lbs. Known for being intelligent, confident, alert, vigilant, and fearless; the police use them for their K-9 units.

However, caution must be exercised with Shepherds as they can become overprotective of their family and territory, and if not socialised correctly; can lead to attacks.

XXVIII ►From page XXVII

Ten dangerous dog breeds ► Continued on page XXIX

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015

ROTTWEILER

Rottweilers are a powerful breed with well-developed genetic herding and guarding instincts. As with any breed, potentially dangerous behaviour in Rottweilers usually results from irresponsible ownership, abuse, neglect, or lack of socialization and training. Nevertheless, the Rottweiler’s strength is something that should not be overlooked.

ALASKAN MALAMUTES A breed of dog related to the Siberian Husky, this breed requires daily exercises to be happy, else they will become bored, disobedient and destructive. This large breed of domestic dog can grow from 70 to 100 lbs and are perfect companion for pursuits like carting, mushings, bikejoring, and skijoring. Since they are known for their strong independence, they can be difficult to train, cope poorly with smaller animals, and are unreliable as watchdogs.

TOSA INU

The Inu is a massive dog with some variations weighing anywhere between 130 to 200 lbs and can reach heights of 24.5 to 32 inches. Originally bred to be a fighting dog, it is considered dangerous and legally restricted in some countries around the world.

AMERICAN BANDOGGE

This incredibly strong dog is a cross breed between an American Pit Bull Terrier and a Neapolitan Mastiff. In spite of its muscular look, the dog was not originally bred for fighting.

Nevertheless, some have used it as fighting dog.

CANE CORSO

The Cane Corso is a well-muscled dog that can weigh anywhere between 99 to 150 pounds. The breed is known as a true and quite possibly the last of the coursing Mastiffs and is a descendant of the CanisPugnax, which were dogs used by the Romans in warfare.

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Ten dangerous dog ...

RHODESIAN RIDGEBACK

Known for their large egg shaped heads, Bull Terriers are exceptionally strong dogs with a #1 ranking in pound-for-pound lean muscle tissue. Though not particularly aggressive, the breed is known to have a strong “prey drive” which makes the Bull Terrier a dangerous dog towards smaller animals.

CAUCASIAN OVCHARKA

Originally from Southern Africa; this dog is known for its ability to keep lions away from prey while the dog’s master makes the kill. This semi-domesticated ridged hunting dog is loyal and intelligent, but is

very aloof to strangers. They also require positive reward-training, avoidance of rough treatment and good socialization skills since they can be over-sensitive and may develop an aggressive side.

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BULL TERRIER

The Caucasian Ovcharka also known as the Caucasian Shepherd, was bred to protect livestock. The typical Caucasian Ovcharka is assertive, strong-willed and courageous. However, unless properly socialized and trained, the Caucasian Shepherd may exhibit ferocious and unmanageable tendencies since it does not accept people it does not know and has a powerful urge to defend.

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THOUGHT for TODAY

Architecture in general is frozen music.

FRIEDRICH VON SCHELLING (1775-1854) Philosophie der Kunst (1809) STUDY SUCCESS Dear Student, Examinations demand more specialised knowledge, understanding and expertise as you go through their different and higher levels. Also, they may even become more technical; more involved in abstract ideas and concepts, and engage you in greater use of jargon. This does not mean they become more difficult. They just define the levels of maturity required of students who write them. Be wise.

Love you.

THE PASSAGE Here is a short piece of writing for revision. It is a vivid experience of a young person. Read it well as a reminder to writing personal experiences.

“Mimi, wake up. You’re going to be late for school,” Mom’s voice cut through my dream.

I got slowly out of bed, dazed and disoriented. For a few moments, I didn’t even know where I was. Then I remembered, and my dreams and memories came flooding back. I remembered that long journey and the day after my cousin’s death when we finally found land. We’d landed on a Malaysian island and stayed for sixteen months before being sponsored

by St. Mary’s Church in Ohio. The Lord had answered all our prayers!

Six years have passed, but I still occasionally have dreams about my long journey to America. I feel so lucky and grateful that we found land and a new life in America. I learned that life should be appreciated and loved. Above all, I learned never to give up hope.

(Van Ngo, Thomas Jefferson High School) About the Passage If you read again carefully you’ll observe the writer’s strategy. See how Van Ngo provides information she had deliberately omitted at the beginning. You, too, can try this strategy. She has also stated in the end of her writing that the experience has more than one meaning for her. Then meanings are then provided.

Guidelines for personal experience writing: 1. In your pre-writing, list the events chronologically – the order in which they happened.

2. Maintain a first person point of view. In other words tell the experience using the first person pronoun “I.” 3. Make your narrative live by including specific facts and details.

4. Use your language well. Make use of vivid adjectives, also precise verbs and adverbs, and concrete nouns. This helps your reader share your excitement, fear, or sorrow.

5. Build a conclusion that tells the thoughts and feelings about your experience. Then tell what the experience means to you.

GRAMMAR Revision of Dangling Modifiers

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English

This week we’ll look at some dangling modifiers.

[Note once more that you should avoid the use of dangling modifiers (i.e., modifiers not related logically to some other word in the sentence.)]

The dangling participle: Listening closely, no sighing was detected.

(Who was sighing?)

Better: Listening closely, we detected no sighing.

The dangling gerund: By travelling now, the mid-morning crush can be avoided. (Who will be travelling?)

Better: By travelling now, Simon can avoid the mid-morning crush.

Dangling infinitive: To make an excellent arrival time, another taxi was acquired. (Who wanted to make an excellent arrival time?)

Better: To make an excellent arrival time Simon acquired another taxi.

The dangling elliptical expression: While spreading the table, the trumpet was heard. (Was the trumpet spreading the table?)

Better: While the host was spreading the table, the trumpet was heard.

Place modifiers where they will make meaning clear and sensible.

Misleading: Ismay has almost read all these hard cover novels. All are not hers.

Clear: Ismay has almost read all these hard cover novels. Not all are hers.

Misleading: Ivelaw spent an hour mending the players’ clothing with the houseboy.

Clear: With my houseboy, Ivelaw spent an hour mending the players’ clothing.

Misleading: All three watched the procession passing the fruit hut leaning out its doorway.

Clear: Leaning out its doorway, all three watched the procession passing the fruit hut.

Misleading: Sally put the eggs into the egg rack that she had just bought.

Clear: Sally put into her egg rack the eggs that she had just bought.

Puzzling: Shevonne told me before she came she had lost her way.

Clear: Before she came, Shevonne told me she had lost her way.

Practice and Application Improve the use of modifiers in the following sentences. Get rid of the dangling modifiers; move all misleading or squinting modifiers. Go over your work with a competent partner.

1. Holed up here in the winter, the time really crawled.

2. Fanny agreed after the cooking session she would visit her grandmother more regularly.

3. She spent the weekend sewing beddings with her aunt.

4. You have almost killed all of our Easter Sunday plans. All are not appreciated.

5. All of the church members are not young men. Pastor Tomlin just saw a few of them.

6. Pastor Tommy told them when they were leaving they should inform Elder Trim.

7. While doing great harm to his partner, the noisy television programme completely filled the house.

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Inspiring women with low self-esteem…

KERRY WOOLFORD - is an outstanding ‘make-up’ artist

By Shivanie Sugrim WITH more than seven years in the makeup industry, and inflamed with a profound passion for its nuances, Kerry Woolford is an inspiration to women with low self-esteem. She has emerged as one of Guyana’s most outstanding professional make-up artists.

Most people would carve a career path from a young age. Kerry, on the other hand, found hers through being an Engineering student at the City College of New York!

As the old adage goes: “If you can’t find your dream, it’ll find you”.

Kerry’s ability to apply makeup comes from years of mandatory makeup application while performing for both theatre and dance schools. “That’s why I’m so well versed in theatrical makeup and can make my clients’ makeup look good even after sweating,” a beaming Kerry says.

“It’s mind boggling, but my plans never come into fruition. The mere fact that I’m a makeup artist wasn’t my plan. I was an Engineering student in College; and before (that), a Dance Major in high school!” says Kerry.

For a young woman in her 20s, Kerry holds many plans that have led her to focus on work. She grasps opportunities that she desires and works towards self-improvement to better her talent. She also recognises her mistakes and corrects them.

For the past two years, Kerry has attended international makeup events, noting: “As a professional, it’s good to network with other professionals around the world.”

Many makeup artists do not have the privilege of meeting celebrity makeup artists. The exception applies to Kerry, since she has met many makeup artists, including Oscar and Emmy winners and other high-profile artists. Throughout her career, Kerry has had the privilege of meeting incredible artists and entrepreneurs. The most inspiring ones are her mother and

Mary Kay Directors, Eva Jane, Same Fine, Arlene Villarule, Robin Matthews and a few others.

“They’ve made me realise that it’s more than work and money; it’s about being an inspiration to others, and living a full, well-balanced life through faith,” Kerry disclosed.

Who knew this Engineering student also studied the technique of art in university?!

Forever an ‘A’ student in the art field, Kerry, in high spirits, noted that one has to be born with art talent, since its technicalities often undermine it.

“In order to be a makeup artist, you must be an artist”, Kerry says. She is very versed in tertiary level art, which drove her to being a professional at her job. She believes that psychology plays a key role in makeup and understanding culture and people, which will ideally help to deliver a suitable look.

“Thank God I studied World Civilizations, Anthropology and Psychology in college! It’s a big help”, she confessed.

Kerry has applied makeup for many special events, such as fashion shows, tea parties, weddings, birthdays, and most importantly, former parliamentarian Dr. Faith Harding’s for her funeral.

She disclosed that make-up for Dr. Faith Harding’s funeral is the most significant undertaking she has thus far accomplished, since that is the only deceased person on which she has ever applied makeup.

“She’s also one of the most influential women I’ve ever known, and it was an honour to be asked by her family to do her makeup,” Kerry has said.

The biggest, most troubling and alarming challenge Kerry has ever faced is being asked by clients to make them look lighter.

This is often the case with those who are caramel-toned. She says it’s offensive at times, as, although she is of mixed ancestry, she is dark in complexion. She says it is appalling that a lot of women ask her

Kerry Woolford

to “fix them”, which portrays their lack of confidence not only in their facial features, but also in their skin tone.

Kerry’s makeup tools can cost anywhere from US$50 to US$100; and sometimes it can cost more. She has at least 30 brushes from seven different brands -- how pro is that! -- and is very particular with her products, since it can take from five minutes to approximately five hours to choose a particular eyeshadow, brush and eyeliner.

“I always look for the highest quality product, which is why I like to use Mary Kay foundations, because the viscosity and fluidity are always just right,” says Kerry.

By sampling different brands, Kerry often receives recommendations from other

Kerry Woolford’s majestic makeup work on clients

professionals. She believes it’s an intricate process that is most important to her, since it can be very personal—even the smell is important in choosing her makeup.

Her airbrush paints are enriched with lavender scents, which is pleasant and safe at the same time.

Brushes are usually tough to clean, but Kerry cleans her tools and products every day because she believes that clean products and tools help in promoting good hygiene. She uses an airbrush machine to clean her makeup, which is a technique she learnt while working for an auto company. ► Continued on page XL

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“It’s the way engines are cleaned… On some surfaces you can’t just blast water,” she said. Her brush cleaners are antibacterial as well, which prompts her to use rubbing alcohol frequently as well as brush cleaning sprays in between usage. “Because I use such expensive tools and high quality products, they last longer than most, and can be repaired and replaced by the company,” says Kerry.

“Makeup is like clothing for the face. They say the eyes are a window to your soul. The way someone dresses and looks has a major impact on how people treat them. Makeup has the power to make you look either more attractive or uglier. You can be a monster one day or a princess the next, simply by changing your makeup. You can enhance your entire physical appearance from just applying makeup,” Kerry says.

Kerry loves the creativity and artistry of makeup. At first she never liked makeup, because she had never seen it done well while growing up in Georgetown. But living in New York, Kerry says, most people prefer the professional look, and no one does elaborate makeup, since it can be found only on TV or in a theatre.

“There is even a stigma that says only prostitutes or drag queens wear makeup,” said Kerry. She noted that most persons assume that, in order to achieve a professional look, only powder is needed. Kerry declared that assumption negative and false.

“Looking polished,” she says, “takes time and effort and a professional. If people cared about what others see when they look at them, they’d take more pride in their appearance. It’s imperative that we thrive to look our best.

Like the Bible story of Esther, taking the time to polish your look can literally aid in saving a nation.”

Her signature look is glamorous and coloured, with smooth, flawless skin tone. Her foundation application looks so smooth that people think her clients have good skin and often question if she did only their eye makeup.

How impressive! She loves embracing the adage that “women are like the flowers of the earth.”

Kerry is pretty versatile in her field; and what ideally sets her apart from other makeup artists is the fact that she can make anything look good, from replicating burnt skin to bridal makeup, to theatrical makeup to carnival makeup, to editorial makeup to anything among others.

“When I started five years ago in Guyana, there weren’t many makeup artists pushing those boundaries. What you often find are cosmetologists who do hair and nails and bridal makeup, but none who work for a high-end makeup company, experienced in Theatre and Fine Arts, and is solely dedicated to many aspects of makeup.

“I believe my high school education alone trumps that of many makeup artists in Guyana,” a beaming Kerry says.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 5, 2015 Kerry’s mantra is “A woman should always have and wear mascara.” She believes that mascara is one of the most enhancing products that can change the entire appearance of a woman. She advises persons that, instead of wearing fake lashes, apply mascara, since it’s easier and safer. The common mistake Kerry sees trending is over-application of makeup. She noted that many women think they need more, and they need to see to it that it should look flawless and well blended.

“Thick winged eyeliner, overdone brows, fake lashes applied with hair glue, caked foundation, bleeding lipstick or overlined lipsticks, any straight lines…

I’ve heard Sofia Vergara say, ‘you can’t draw a woman with straight lines’. If people say to you ‘your makeup looks nice,’ you’re wearing too much. They should say ‘your face looks flawless; are you wearing makeup?’” Kerry says.

The best advice Kerry can give is that there is nothing more beautiful than a confident woman.

“Love yourself and care about the people around you. Someone is looking up to you, and it is imperative that women remain beautiful, loving and confident.”