Immerse by guyitexcture

IMMERSE

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The Newschool of Architecture & Design

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

by Guy Hartwig June 2017 San Diego, Ca

ABSTRACT

When aquariums were first created they were intended to be social mixing spaces between researchers and public. A place for scientists and people both to explore and enjoy the oceanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beauty and mystery. Today, aquariums have moved into entertainment facilities which focus on user experience, and often as a result the user education and animal care is sacrificed. This thesis aims to re-establish this relationship between marine research and public education in order to create a greater understanding of our oceans and facilitate conservation.

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IMMERSE

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The Newschool of Architecture & Design

by Guy Hartwig

Approved by:

Undergraduate Chair:

Date

Studio Instructor:

Date

D E D I C AT I O N This thesis is dedicated to.... David and Becki Hartwig, along with all my loving friends and family that have supported me through my architectural journey.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to all the amazing people that have helped me make it this far. Prof. Tom Mulica Prof. Ramiro Losada Prof. Don Mirkovich Prof. Victor Navarro Prof. Joe Kennedy Prof. Cynthia L. Matzke Prof. Phillip Bosshart M.A Greenstein Robb Daly and all my other HBK friends for teaching me all I know about La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ecological reserve

Introduction.......................p.1

Problem Statement Critical Position Thesis Statement

Pre Design.......................p.19

Rational for study Scope of the study Summary of study

03 Case Studies Site Selection Programming

Research Methods............................p.23

sheries tudy

Design Developement.........p.55

Process Feedback/ Evaluations Reflection

Birch Aquarium

Winter Schematic....................p.67

MAIN VEHICLE CIRCULATION BUS STOP VIEWS WIND

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Rational for study Scope of the study Summary of study

06 Case Studies Site Selection Programming

Final Design................p.83

CONTENTS Title Page...................................................................................................................................i Copyright Page......................................................................................................................ii Abstract.......................................................................................................................................iii Signature Page......................................................................................................................iv Dedication.................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................vi Table of Contents................................................................................................................vii

APPENDICES Final boards.......................................................................................................................................p.116 Refrences............................................................................................................................................p.119 Figures...................................................................................................................................................p.121

Introduction

Problem There has become a disconnect between ocean research and ocean education. Aquariums in their early history were non profit marine science centers focused on education and conservation, places for the public and scientists both to experience and engage with the oceanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beauty. Today aquariums have become living art displays, highly focusing on the publicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience and entertainment rather than education and exploration.

Figure 1. Moon Jellies by Palmer.D (2017)

Critical Position The disconnect between research and the public resulted in aquariums changing into entertainment displayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, often at the cost of the sea animals. But why was there a disconnect? Aquarium displays capture marine environments in a way thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aesthetic, educational, and has scientific aims. Scientific experiments and research call for a controlled environment. Since the ocean is filled with millions of variables, aquariums can recreate a specific ecosystem providing an ideal environment for scientific research and beautiful displays of life for the public.

Figure 2. Scripps Institute of Oceanography by Beaty. R (2013)

Thesis Statement Creating an educational marine center will establish a reconnection between ocean research and public education resulting in a greater understanding of our oceans and facilitate conservation.

Figure 3. Seahorse (by author)

Figure 4. by Opaleye, Sandy Flats ecosystem (by author)

Chapter 1: Predesign

“Ocean, a body of water occupying about two-thirds of a world made for man — who has no gills.” -Ambrose Bierce

Figure 5. Photo of original New York Aquarium in 1896. by NYC (2014) History of New York Aquarium

PreDesign

The way that man interacts with the ocean is in a desperate need of change. Whether if it’s polluting, over fishing, or disturbing animals, human kind has been catastrophic to countless ecosystems across the world. It is without doubt that we need a better understanding of the world’s oceans and the ones that live in it in order to save it. 71% of the world is covered in water yet 95% of the ocean is still unexplored (NOAA). We have sent countless people into space, yet only 2 people have been to the deepest part of the ocean, Mariana’s trench, and this was in 1960. Since then no human has explored the trench and only 2 unmanned vessels have ventured down. (Thar, 2011)

Because of the inaccessibility of the ocean, it is shrouded in mystery. Some explore the sea through scuba diving, snorkeling or surfing, but for the majority, public aquariums are the closest they will come to seeing these submarine environments. What role does that create for the public aquarium? When aquariums were first created they were non profit marine science centers focused on education and conservation (Semczyszyn,2013). They were places for the public and scientists to both experience and engage with the ocean’s beauty. Aquariums slowly became more about display and public experience, creating a disconnect from the scientific

education. The separation between art and nature resulted in false realities and mistreatment of many of the animals. San Diego’s Sea World is a prime example. An entertainment ocean theme park that forces highly cognitive marine animals to perform tricks and shows during the day while being mistreated at night. The animals have adapted to their living conditions, in extreme cases even changing their language because of their confinement, making any language research done on site by Seaworld irrelevant (Giovagnol, 2017) Seaworld has also always claimed “A captive-born dolphin could never survive in the wild!”. But according to Ric O’Barry, founder of the Dolphin Project, a Annessa, Atlantic bottlenose dolphin that was being held at the Dolphin Research center in the Florida keys went missing after a hurricane in 1992. The research center initially believed the dolphin to be dead, however, she survived. Annessa was adopted by a pod of wild dolphins and has been sighted numerous times. Ric O’Barry also explains a couple other examples including one from Russia having a successful release into the Black Sea. This evidence along with others, shows that businesses such as Seaworld aren’t striving to provide real education for the people just gimmicks and tricks. The mistreatment of these animals led to the release of the controversial film Blackfish. After the release of the film, protests started to rise, and business started to fall.”SeaWorld Entertainment has faced an 84% drop in net secondquarter income, from $37.4 million in 2014 to $5.8 million in 2015, in the second quarter. Rhodan, M. (2015). It’s time to move away from these entertainment driven facilities and back

Figure 6. Shamu breaching at Seaworld show by Aguilera.M (2017) SeaWorld San Diego. Union Tribune

to the roots of what Aquariums were once about. Immersing the public in an environment that they’ve never been in a way that’s educational and natural. Creating an experience that one both learns from and gains appreciation for the ocean’s beauty. “From the scientific cognitivist perspective, the best place to appreciate ocean flora and fauna is in their original ecological context. One might argue that putting flora and fauna on display in a science museum is treating them as though they were works of art” (Semczyszyn, 2013)

Figure 7. Dramatic Sky over La Jolla by Silvana.G (2017)

Chapter 2: Research Methods Concepts Site Selection programming â&#x20AC;&#x153;The elements of nature- water, wind light and sky- bring architecture derived from the ideological thought down to the ground level of reality and awaken man-made life within it.â&#x20AC;? -Tado Ando

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Case Studies The Blue Planet, Denmark NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA Bali Research Facility, unbuilt New Aquarium, unbuilt A wide variety of projects were looked at for initial inspiration. This thesis looked to combine different characteristics from both aquariums and research facilities, it was necessary to look at both typologies to understand how the public user as well as the researcher navigate through space as well as function inside it. Two of the case studies are built examples of successful projects in both the aquarium and research setting. The other two were conceptual competition projects that were important to look at as well for their progressive ideas.

Figure 8. The Blue Planet by Lisborg.F(2015)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 9. Perspective Floorplan of The Blue Planet by ArchDaily (2013)

The Blue Planet Architects: 3XN Location: Copenhagen Denmark Area: 10000.0 sqm

Project Year2013

“An Aquarium comprises Architectural spaces for life on both sides of the glass” The Blue Planet is Europe’s largest and most significant aquarium with an outstanding location on the shores of Øresund, only eight kilometres from the Copenhagen City Hall Square. Moreover, the aquarium in Taarnby Municipality is ideally located with motorways, Copenhagen Airport, the Øresund Bridge, Metro and international trains within few hundred meters. The Blue Planet will be one of Denmark’s five most prominent tourist attractions. At the tourism conference “A New Way to Grow” 2012, the Blue Planet was chosen as Denmark’s best lighthouse project within experience economy, because of its potential for growth, influence on regional development, innovation, realization as well as its uniqueness and ‘reason to go’. 26

Analysis: This building engulfs the user into the ocean by stimulating all their senses. They are surrounded by flickering ocean light with skylights with pools of water above. There is a 10 m long interactive tide pool table where users can touch aquatic sea life. And there is a huge ocean pool with stadium seating to give users a view of a mini ocean ecosystem. There are also numerous routes the user can take, a “pick your own adventure” feel. This gives the user the sense of exploring rather than one crowded path.

Figure 10. Blue planet Section explains how auditorium seating gives open views to everyone. (by author)

The Amazonas

The Cave School Services (Has pools as desks) Restaurant

The Ocean The Lakes Of Africa

Auditorium Octopi The Coral Reef Faroe Islands

Sea Lions Offices Common spaces

Tanks

Office spaces

Public Circulation

Learning spaces

Figure 11. Blue planet Floorplan Diagram (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 12. NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center by Assassi Productions (2013)

NOAA Southwest fisheries science center 124,000 sf 275 scientists/support staff Offices + laboratories Experimental aquaria + library 528,000 gallon ocean technology tank 202 parking spaces LEED Gold certified Construction completion 2013

“This is a building that seamlessly blends natural and human environments. It lets in light and air, views of the ocean and the hills, the scent of the sea. Similarly, our research blends human, natural and physical science for the conservation and management of the region’s living marine resources.” —Cisco Werner, Director, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries 28

Figure 13. NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center by Ace Aerial (2013)

Figure 14. NOAA fisheries form concept was derived from the natural topography lines of the submarine canyons offshore combined with that of the steep hillside it rests on.

Figure 15. NOAA fisheries Floorplans explain circulation, passive strategies and natural views. (by author)

Analysis: The building uses a blend of the topography of the canyon and coastline to create a form that perfectly nestles into the hillside. The building also utilizes passive systems by creating a large interior courtyard that allows both light and coastal winds to pass through the building. The project is based around the idea of creating research “villages” each section no more than two stories tall so it doesn’t seem like a large building. The courtyard is also an emphasis of being a meeting place and center for various activities. Because the project used the canyon to develop its form it ended up making itself the subject and object of it’s own research. 29

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 16. Sunset render by AVP_arhitekti (2011)

Marine Research Center Bali AVP_ arhitekti

-unbuilt

The main access is at the 0,00 (above sea level) platform where we generated an open square (just on top of the seawater pool) with a glass floor for the public to enjoy, gather and observe the building and its surroundings. Then, visitors continue towards the auditorium at the -3,00 level. Inside they experience a wonderful and unique atmosphere thanks to the 30

2 different pools (seawater pool and aquatic garden) which surround the auditorium while receiving a welcoming lecture that introduces them to the work within the MRC. Visitors are then directed towards an enclosed corridor with overhead view to observe the scientists within their laboratories. Eventually, they are free to visit the cafe and restroom facilities which

are easily reached from this level through a vertical communication. Scientistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s circulation is accomplished through corridors on level -6, 0 and -10, 0. Thus, the scientist have direct access to all areas of the MRC without interfering with the public communication. -Hank Jarz

Figure 17. Bali Research Section shows how dynamic the building is in section and how it responds to the changing tides of the ocean. (by author)

Three story Library provides scientists a gathering place of knowledge

Right wing is mostly dedicated to common spaces for the scientists to relax. The spaces range from game rooms, bars, dinning rooms, and galleries.

Entrance

Large auditorium is surrounded by tanks

Left wing is focused on research spaces

In house sleeping spaces allow scientists to have extended stays for their research and remain comfortable

Common spaces

Tanks

Research spaces

Public Circulation

Learning spaces

Figure 18. Bali Research Floorplans explains programming of the facility. (by author)

Analysis: Although this project is unbuilt it provides many good planning strategies. The building is partially submerged in the ocean to surround the researchers and the users in their object of study. By cutting voids into the mass, it created various tanks that fill naturally with the tides. It also results in the building looking differently when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high-tide then when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s low, making it completely dynamic with the ever changing ocean. The research centerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program is somewhat broken up between the two wings with a large common auditorium to connect the two. The left wing being focused on research provides multi-story views to both an enclosed tank as well as the real ocean giving the scientists options to study either. The Right wing is focused on the scientists living. There are common spaces such as game rooms, bars, a large gym and other spaces intended to bring the researchers together. As well as large bedrooms to ensure the scientists are comfortable no matter how long they stay. The top level is a large three story library, this provides adequate resources and space for the scientists research as well as signifies higher knowledge. Below the library is a large auditorium that is surrounded by tanks, this gives the opportunity to give live lectures while talking about the animals that are right in front of you.

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 19. Render 1 by Adamus. M (2014)

Mikolai Adamus’ Proposal for a New Aquarium in Gdynia This project is a proposal by Mikolai Adamus for a “New Aquarium” to activate the southern pier in Gdynia, Poland. The main emphasis of the design is not so much the creation of a building, but an attempt to generate a place. The South Pier is an area of unique character. Its farthest point is definitely the most important part. The local land use plan assumes that the end of the pier should remain without buildings. Nevertheless, the question arises of how to make people more keen to pass time at this location.

Figure 20. Render 7 by Adamus. M (2014)

Figure 21. Render 8 by Adamus. M (2014)

Escalator takes takes public past research right to the aquarium.

Classroom open to public

Large open spaces allow plenty of natural light

Tank shows both the “top of the iceburg” as well as what lies below.

stadium seating for main tank Catwalk for tank matience and oberservations.

Figure 22. New Aquarium Section explains natural daylighting as well as program (by author)

Public spaces

Support spaces

Research spaces

Public Circulation

Learning spaces

Research Circulation

Analysis: Using the fibonacci Sequence in the layout of the plan resulted in transitional scale between spaces. The project is devoted to the public and research, providing plenty of program between the two. The project separates the public from research program by having them take an escalator from the top floor to the third which is the start of the aquarium. This gives the researches the whole second floor to themselves. The building let’s in natural light by including two multi-level spaces that are open air. This also provides some natural ventilation throughout the building.

Figure 23. New Aquarium Floorplan Diagram explains how program is divided between public and research (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Site Selection La Jolla, CA

La Jolla is a small town located within San Diego county. It’s known for it’s beauty, vibrant sea life and ocean recreation. La Jolla is also home to Scripps Pier of Oceanography. One of the nation’s oldest and more prestigious ocean research facilities. The project’s site was chosen to be within La Jolla for two main reasons. The first being that La Jolla has an ecological reserve close off shore. The reserve

contains 4 distinct ecoa site here means adding systems. All which have to this rich environment of different marine life resulting marine research, and creates an opportunity to bridge in huge bio-diversity in between the research and a small area. Making it a the public. perfect area for marine research and education facility. The second reason was to be within the marine research community of San Diego. As mentioned before, La Jolla is home Cardiff to Scripps as well as other marine research facilities such as NOAA. Choosing

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Figure 25. Site Location Map (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods Scripps Coastal Reserve

Proposed Site UCSD Grad Housing

NOAA Fisheries Case Study

Scripps Institute Of Oceanography

Scripps Pier Birch Aquarium La Jolla Ecological Reserve

Figure 26. Concept 1 Site Plan (by author)

Site

Figure 27. by Google Image

Figure 28. by Google Image

Site #1 9307 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, Ca, 92037 The first site is located in the vicinity of other prestigious ocean research facilities such as Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This location is intended to be an addition to San diegoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rich marine research culture, as well as public exploration. The site looks out over the cliffs of blacks beach towards the 36

pacific ocean. With access to great views, coastal breeze, natural light, and being close to an ecological reserve as well as being located within San Diegoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s already vibrant marine research community, makes this lot a perfect location for an ocean exploration building.

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La Jolla Ecological Reserve Proposed Site La Jolla Tennis Club The Marine Room

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Mt. Soledad Figure 29. Concept 2 Site plan (by author)

Site #2 2000 Spindrift Dr La Jolla, CA 92037 The second proposed site is currently occupied by the La Jolla beach and tennis club. Located right on the door step of La Jolla’s ecological reserve, the site would have access to research, exploration and recreation right in their backyard. The drawbacks are that obviously the site is occupied, as well as sitting on the reserve. The coastal commission does not allow any new building to occur within the reserve so constuction would be difficult to negotiate. If it were possible, this site would give the users access to all four of La jolla’s ecosystems, especially if part of it was built out in the water.

Figure 30. by Google Image

Figure 31. by Google Image

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Programming Site number one was ultimately chosen based on its proximity to the other research facilities, clear views of the natural ecosystems of La Jolla, and better vehicular access. The site is also located on a slope which provides multiple advantages for 38

this project. One being that it has distinct views of each of La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s four marine ecosystems, another being that it allowed for the building to cascade down the hill in order to maintain minimal obstruction of ocean view and to create a dynamic site layout with sectional relationships.

Figure 32. Site map (by author)

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La Jolla Canyon Figure 33. Site Diagram (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

La Jolla + Scripps Canyon The canyon is part of what makes La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reserve so special. The 1500+ canyons fill up with cold nutrient rich water that is pulled out from the depths on warm summer days through what is called an upwelling. This then flushes the area with nutrients and food for the other species. The canyons are on route of a large grey whale migration from Alaska to Mexico. The whales use the strong currents in the canyons as highways to ease their journey. Figure 34. Spyhop by Scully.C (2012)

Kelp Forest The Kelp Forest is home to many of the bigger fish of the reserve such as Yellowfin Tuna, Giant Black Sea Bass, Sheaphead, Mako shark, Thrasher shark, Seven-gill sharks and much more. The kelp trees create a rainforest like ecosystem with different species living at the forest floor than from the canopy. Figure 35. La Jolla Kelp Forest by McBurnie.K (2012)

Rocky Reef If the sandy flats resemble the desert, the rocky reef would be a busy metroplian area. The reef is very bio-diverse and plays many crucial roles in the health of the reserve. The rocks provide shelter from predators and serve as homes to many types of fish, lobster, octopus and much more

Figure 36. Sea Lion (by author)

Sandy Flats The sandy flats appear to be a barren landscape, much like a desert, but is home to many of La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most memorable species such as Leopard Shark, Bat Ray & other sting ray species, Shovel Nose Guitar Fish and a large variety of fish such as the Opaleye. (figure. 37)

Figure 37. Opaleye (by author)

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Established in 1971 La Jolla Ecological Reserve is home to the second most biodiverse place on the west coast. This is because of the four ecosystems that are located in such close proximity. These are the Sandy Flats, Rocky Reef, Kelp Forest and Submarine Canyons. Each home to a large variety of different sea life that thrive and support off one another. choosing La Jolla as the site places scientists and the public close to what is being studied. Giving the aquarium the opportunity for easy access to the ocean for classes, demonstrations, marine animal rescue or whatever else it may need. Figure 38. Ecosystem Map (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Concept 1 “The Shores” The concept for “The Shores” was created by the observation of the similar geometry between the project’s site and the coastline. When looking at a map of La Jolla, the sandstone cliff coastline resembled the same curve of the road that passes around the selected site. La Jolla has an ecological reserve that contains four distinct ecosystems that creates a lush and biodiverse environment. After mapping the locations of these four ecosystems they were then overlaid onto the site plan. The result presented a starting point to laying out the program based on their natural locations. The shapes of the ecosystems 42

were abstracted, then staggered into steps to fit the topography of the site. This lead to a massing that elegantly fits into the hillside as to not disrupt San Diego’s coastal scenic drive, as well as creates a series of three beaches that echo the experience of La Jolla shores from below. This concept t is intended to educated the public about the ocean and conservation with an emphasis on what is locally off our coast by creating a relationship with the program. This establishes a strong connection between the building, nature and what is being studied. There are two entrances to the aquarium, one in the rocky reef area, the other the Sandy Flats.

This is to reflect the two popular dive spots in La Jolla or where divers “Enter” the ocean. The circulation in this concept is very connected and free flowing. Giving users a “pick your own adventure” feel around the aquarium instead of a strict promenade that results in over crowded stuffy hallways. If you enter in the reef you can make your way to the Kelp Forest first, then hit the flats or vice versa. The main idea being that the entry for the shallows is sea level. The site being on a hill provides a perfect opportunity to represent depth, meaning the farther you walk down the site into the building the “deeper” you go into the ocean.

Figure 39. Concept 1 watercolor (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 40. Concept 2 watercolor (by author)

Concept 2 “The Pier” The concept for “The Pier” came from La Jolla’s Marine Research landmark the Scripps Pier. Belonging to Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the pier is used for many things including dropping submersible subs off the end to explore the deep vast underwater canyons not far off the coast. The pier represents education, as well as mystery since it is closed to public use. This concept takes that pier and all the animals and ecosystems it studies and sets it into the hillside. This concept has a more direct entry that submerges the user into the building. The entry would have a pool that’s flush with the ground containing the sea life from the sandy

flats environment such as Leopard Sharks and stingrays. A ramp is gently cut out of the pool and as the user walks down into the building, they are surrounded by the experience of walking into the ocean. After entry the user will feel as though they are fully immersed in each environment. Using light, shape, and scale to subtly represent what depth and ecosystem you’re in. After one reaches the end in a darker room with lower ceilings to give the user the feeling of being deep down underwater. Light trickles in through 30’ of water overheard. Like freediving to the bottom of the ocean, one eventually returns to the surface the same way they came.

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Programming In order for the project to be successful a strong connection between what is being researched and what is being displayed was extremely necessary. Scripps Institute is known for doing groundbreaking research in the deep submarine canyons just off their pier, and since the project is intended to have a strong relationship with the Scripps research community itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program was derived from La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural ecosystem in order to make a bond between research, education and nature.

Figure 41. Program concept sketch (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 42. Program concept sketch #2 (by author)

Sketches such as these shaped the initial concepts. There was a desire to recreate the experience of each underwater ecosystem throughout the different parts of the building.

Ecosystem Concepts -Sandy Flats = How one enters the La Jolla ecosystem in nature influenced how the user would enter the building. -Rocky Reef = Different species live within the rocks, one must explore to be discover. -Kelp Forest = Diffused light and high biodiversity -Canyon = Perception of scale. 48

Figure 43. Octo sketch (by author)

Views of the various ecosystems are visable from the site creating a huge opportunity to create a visual connection between what is being taught in the aquarium to where these animals live in nature. Figure 44. Visual connection concept sketch (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 45. Program process sketch (by author)

A connection between the researcher and the public in each of the different themes of the building was a top priority in program layout. Creating this connection while also maintaining necessary privacy for the labs was very challenging and went through many different variations with both concepts.

Figure 46. Program process #2 (by author)

Figure 47. Program process #3 (by author)

Chapter. 3 Research Methods

Figure 48. Program diagrams (by author)

Observation: The way that we view, and learn about the marine animals is very important in this project. This project aims to connect a research facility with a public aquarium. How do you provide for both programs while also maintaining unity? What do the researches need? What 52

does the public seek? And most importantly how can we do this in a way thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s suitable and comfortable for the animals. If the fish are stressed the research yields much different results. Creating a space for them is just as important.

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section from Renzo Piano’s Harvard Art Museum renovation Figure 49. Auditorium scale diagram (by author)

Perception of Scale: A Blue Whale’s mouth when full can hold up to 100 people. The shape of it’s jaw creates a natural curve that matches that of an auditorium. Without being to literal, creating an

auditorium or educational space the same size would also give the public a sense of scale for these huge animals.

Lighting: Light does interesting things underwater. It is a large part of the experience of being submerged. Light underwater causes colors to look differently, and gives a sense of how depth. The darker the water, the deeper it is. The project will use these same idea’s to give the user the sense of immersiveness. This is achieved by a series of “Ocean Lights” some being connected to tanks, some just a small pool of water above. These wet skylights allow the natural random sunlight to pass through the water leaving playful shadows in the hallways below. Figure 50. Lighting diagram (by author)

54 Figure 51. Leopard Shark, Rocky Reef (by author)

Chapter 3: Design Development Process Feedback/ Evaluations Statement of Learning Re-assessment

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are tied to the ocean. And when we go back to the sea, whether it is to sail or to watch - we are going back from whence we came.â&#x20AC;? -John F. Kennedy

Chapter 4. Design Development ACCESS FROM I-5

NOAA Fisheries Case Study

Scripps Pier Birch Aquarium

La Jolla Ecological Reserve Figure 52. Concept 1 Site plan (by author)

MAIN VEHICLE CIRCULATION BUS STOP VIEWS WIND

Concept 1 Iterations After doing a series of iterations on concept 1, the form that was derived from La Jollaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ecosystem started to contour the topography lines of the site while also angling walls to frame specific views of the natural landscape. Iteration 3 was most successful at fitting into the site while also framing views. 56

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Figure 53. Concept 1 axo (by author)

Location Terrain

Figure 54. Concept 1 iterations (by author)

Chapter 4. Design Development ACCESS FROM I-5

NOAA Fisheries Case Study

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La Jolla Ecological Reserve Figure 55. Concept 2 site plan (by author) MAIN VEHICLE CIRCULATION BUS STOP VIEWS WIND

Concept 2 Iterations Concept 2â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strong linear form was broken up in attempt to fit the slope better as well as add a variance in the progression. This concept is more directive in the way that the user progresses through the building. The results were clean sharp geometries that responded to the program and terrain. 58

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Figure 57. Concept 2 iterations (by author)

Chapter 4. Design Development

Figure 58. Program progress #4 (by author)

Figure 59. Program process #5 (by author)

Chapter 4. Design Development

CONCEPT 1

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Reflection

By Midterms of winter quarter it became apparent that no one concept was going to be the answer but instead a dynamic combination of the two. Concept Three was created by the ideaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of its two predecessors. Using the programmatic placement and natural views from Concept One along with the entry and linear progression ideas from Concept Two created a stronger massing that responded more than the others.

CONCEPT 3 Figure 60. Concept no.3 generation (by author)

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Chapter 4. Design Development

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Figure 62. Perspective section study (by author)

Feedback and Evaluations

The midterm review of winter quarter helped resolve the last circulation issues of the building. The main critique being that the way the parking is arranged now, the main aquarium user must first walk up stairs from the parking lot, just to walk back down into the building?

This didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t make sense so a reevaluation was necessary. The entry concept, was very important to the overall design and experience of entering building. Re-working the public approach so the entry was functional was the next design change.

Figure 63. Test interior perspectives (by author)

Figure 64. Sea Lion pup (by author)

Chapter 4: Winter Schematic Site Plan Roof Plan Floor Plans Sections Reflection

“For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.” ― -Jacques-Yves Cousteau

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package ACCESS FROM I-5

NOAA Fisheries Case Study

Scripps Pier Birch Aquarium MAIN VEHICLE CIRCULATION

La Jolla Ecological Reserve

BUS STOP VIEWS WIND

Problem Statement Currently the way the public interacts and is educated about our oceans and conservation is in desperate need of refinement.

Critical Position For far to long the majority of the way for the public to learn about the ocean and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s animals would be to go to an entertainment driven aquarium that displays false realities in search of higher profits, instead of actually education.

Thesis Statement This thesis will explore creating an educational aquarium combined with a research institute in order to educate the public about our oceanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and how to better conserve it. 68

120

Figure 65. Winter Site Plan (by author) Figure 66. Squid Life (by author)

300

60 102 90

444

120

180

300

972

0 60

510

156

9 50

30 0

120

60 42 42

Figure 67. Winter Site Map (by author)

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

Location Terrain

Figure 68. Winter Roof plan (by author)

Floor plans n.t.s

RESTAURANT LEVEL

Figure 69. Winter Restaurant level (by

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

STORAGE

GIFT SHOP

SANDY FLATS LABS

SANDY FLATS

FEEDING ROOM

CLASSROOM

STORAGE

CLASSROOM

LECTURE HALL

CLASSROOM

MAIN ENTRY 72

Figure 70. Winter Main Entry (by author)

ROCKY REEF

GALLERY GALLERY

ROCKY REEF, FL3

Figure 71. Winter Rocky Reef (by author)

STAFF PARKING

MEZZANINE/ SERVICE, FL5

Figure 72. Winter Mezzanine (by author) STORAGE

THE CANYON STORAGE

KELP FOREST LABS

Figure 73. Winter Kelp Forest (by author)

KELP FOREST

KELP FOREST/ CANYON, FL6

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

Sections n.t.s

Figure 74. Winter Sandy Flats Section no.1 (by author)

SANDY FLATS

74 Figure 75. Sandy Flats section no.2 (by author)

Figure 76. Winter Entry Study (by author)

WEST ELEVATION Figure 77. Winter West Elevation (by author)

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

ROCKY REEF

ROCKY REEF Figure 78. Winter Rocky Reef section no.1 (by author)

76 Figure 79. Winter Rocky Reef section no.2 (by author)

Figure 80. Winter Rocky Reef interior test (by author)

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

KELP FOREST

EXIT CIRCULATION Figure 81. Winter exit circulation section (by author)

78 Figure 82. Winter Kelp Forest section no.1 (by author)

Figure 83. Winter Kelp Forest section no.2 (by author)

Chapter 5. Winter Schematic Package

Winter review reflection The building became very dynamic, and most easily understood in section. The main goal as mentioned before was to make a series of connections between the public and research entities. The outside of the building is very sharp and rigid, to compliment this, the inside was filled with a free flowing,liquid like circulation. When thinking about navigating through the ocean, you never make hard, 90 degree turns. The circulation of the building should represent this as well. The aquarium path takes you through three very distinct ecosystems. First starting in the Sandy Flats region where users will learn about leopard sharks, sting rays, bat rays, shovel nose guitar fish and much more. After the user passes through the first section they walk into a large volume known as the rocky reef area. At first, they start with the tank waist level with them, allowing them to see the species that live towards the top of the surface, such as the sea lions. The user then walks down a series of stairs that split the two tanks and the rocky reefs within them, revealing the creatures that live within the caves, such as octopus, lobster and other crustaceans. As one continues through the aquarium they come across a gallery that displays groundbreaking 80

research work that’s been discovered by the scientist both in the library and around the world to educate people on contemporary research. The user then slowly spirals around the project’s main tank, The kelp forest. With full sized kelp tree’s reaching from top to bottom it gives the user the opportunity to see what lives at different stages of this ecosystem as well. As they reach the bottom there’s a tunnel that goes through the tank to give the user the experience of what it’s like on the bottom of the ocean with the light coming through the water and kelp tree’s while being surrounded by large fish. The bottom floor also has a large viewing auditorium of the tank, giving a nice opportunity to sit and enjoy the view or listen to a lecture about what is happening before their very eyes. The back room is the Canyon room, and is equipped with a series of “Pods” these pods are meant for only 1-2 people to enjoy and will display a 360 degree live feed of a submersible sub that is traveling through scripps canyon. These pods can be used by both the user and the researchers alike. After the user is done and wants out, they take a linear set of escalators,symbolizing the straight ascent towards the surface, when divers return to the surface of the ocean.

Issues with design: The discussion from winter quarters final review pointed out the remaining design issues with the project The main issues with the design were that the building had been mostly explored in section, leaving the floorplans with room for improvement. The next being that the scientists needed natural light into their labs. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s long been agreed upon, and now recently proven with neurological studies, that people are happier, healthier and more productive when natural light is present. Designing the labs to have natural light proved to be challenging since over half of the building is underground. The last being that the entry should be re-worked to be more â&#x20AC;&#x153;grandâ&#x20AC;?. Since the entry into the building played such a vital role during the design process, the end result should reflect all the thought and hard work that went into it.

Figure 84. Squid sketch no.2 (by author)

Figure 85. Watercolor site map (by author)

Chapter 5: Final Design Reconnection

â&#x20AC;&#x153;How inappropriate to call this planet Earth when it is clearly Ocean.â&#x20AC;? -Arthur C. Clarke

Chapter 6. Final Design

Figure 86. Site map with roof plan (by author)

Employee Access Public Access

Figure 87. Site access diagram (by author)

Figure 88. Site view diagram (by author)

Figure 89. Site natural factor diagram (by author)

Chapter 6. Final Design

Restaurant Level Figure 90. Final Restaurant floor plan (by

Figure 91. Entry Render (by author)

Entry Render 1 CONCEPTUAL SEA LEVEL

Figure 92. Entry diagram (by author)

Program The top floor program includes a restaurant/ bar and administration offices. The restaurant is open to the public to enjoy after their visit or as a destination in itself. It also provides a space of interaction between the public and researcher as they enjoy a bite to eat themselves.

Figure 93. Concept no.2 zoom (by author)

The entry to the aquarium was based on the concept on how you enter the ocean. A gradual procession into the water submersing the user into an underwater world below. This stemmed from the pier concept of the farther the user walks into the building, the deeper the ecosystem they will be in programmatically. 87

Chapter 6. Final Design

Figure 94. Skin Panel diagram (by author)

The skin system drew inspiration from fish scales. These modules allow in gentle indirect light into the research labs to avoid direct light on the tanks

STORAGE

Sandy Flats exhibit will include Leopard Sharks, Sting Rays, Opaleye, Surface Jellyfish

STORAGE

GIFT SHOP

2 5 SANDY FLATS LABS

3 SANDY FLATS

ELECT.

FEEDING ROOM

STORAGE CLASSROOM CLASSROOM LECTURE HALL CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM CLASSROOM

Figure 95. Final Main Entry floor plan (by author)

Main Entry 88

FEED STORAGE

Rocky Reef exhibit has a variety of animals ranging from sea lions to octopus, educating the user about what sea life lives in the different areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of the ecosystem.

Program As the user descends down the ramp and enters through the frosted glass doors, they are immersed into an underwater experience. Hemingway transports his readers in The Old Man and the Sea by vividly describing the senses that surround oneself when by the ocean. This project strived to achieve the same but in a physical nature. The smell of saltwater, bark of sea lions, diffused underwater light coming through the pools on top of they skylights and more all come together to psychologically put the user into an “wet state of mind”.

Figure 96. Sandy Flats render (by author)

Sandy Flats Render 2 RESEARCH

PUBLIC

Figure 97. Research/public connection(by author) Figure 98. Squid no.2 (by author)

Sandy Flats labs will include a two way tank that allows the user to view the same fish and environment that the researchers are studying as well as see the silhouette’s of the scientists working behind. 89

Chapter 6. Final Design

STORAGE

GIFT SHOP

SANDY FLATS LABS

SANDY FLATS

ELECT.

FEEDING ROOM

FEED STORAGE

Figure 99. Ecosystem viewing barnacle render (by author)

Visual Connections There are three “Barnacles” located throughout the aquarium that frame the natural ecosystem that were learned about as the user makes their way through the facility. This provides a strong connection between what is being taught throughout the aquarium to the natural world.

90 Figure 100. Floor plan zoom on viewing barnacle (by author)

Sandy Flats

Figure 101. Sandy Flats ecosystem diagram (by author)

Rocky Reef

Figure 102. Rocky Reef ecosystem diagram (by author)

Kelp Forest

Figure 103. Kelp Forest ecosystem diagram (by author)

Chapter 6. Final Design

LA BS

RO CK

STORAG E

EMPLOYEE BREAK ROOM

GALLERY

Rocky Reef Lvl.

STAFF PARKING

HIB IT

ES CA L

AT OR

The Kelp Forest Exhibit is the largest of the facility, containing a 3 story tank in order to hold full size giant kelp trees. This simulates the same environment in the ocean, creating a dynamic ecosystem with different life ranging from the forest floor to the canopy.

STORAGE

UTILITY UNLOADING DOCK

PROJECTOR ROOM

Mezzanine/ Service

Figure 104. Final Rocky Reef level (by author) Figure 105. Final Mezzanine level (by author)

Render top of Kelp Forest 6

Figure 106. Kelp Forest top render (by author) Figure 107. Rocky Reef split diagram (by author)

Program The Rocky Reef level includes a gallery that consists of the new groundbreaking research that is being conducted at the facility, neighboring Scripps research as well as contemporary discoveries from around the world. The gallery is intended to be a mixing space between the researchers and the public. An opportunity for the researchers to talk and show their hard work and for the public to see what is new.

As the user descends down the steps they split through the reef revealing the animals that live inside such as octopus, spiny lobster and Abalone. This educates the public about what species live in various areas of the vibrant Rocky Reef ecosystem.

Chapter 6. Final Design

Program

STORAGE

THE CANYON

STORAGE

KELP FOREST LABS

KELP FOREST

Figure 108. Final Kelp Forest floor (by author)

Kelp Forest Bottom/ Canyon

Kelp Forest Bottom render

94 Figure 109. Kelp Forest auditorium render (by author)

The final level of the facility is the Kelp Forest floor and Canyon ecosystems. Here the user gets to experience what it’s like to sit on the bottom of the Kelp Forest, surrounded with life and doused in diffused light through the kelp leaves. From here the user can view the tank from the auditorium like seating or proceed to the canyon room and experience the “Immerse” chambers. When time to leave there’s a chain of three linear escalators to make a fast straight accent to the surface.

The “Immersion” chambers project a live feed from the Scripps research submersibles, transporting user into the 1,500 foot submarine canyons off the coast. The chambers can both be used by the public and researchers giving the public the same eye’s as the marine biologists.

Figure 110. Immerse diagram (by author)

The Kelp Forest Exhibit transport the user into a vibrant ecosystem. The user starts on the top floor with the tree tops and as they make their way down, they discover the different life that live at the various levels.

Figure 111. Kelp Forest diagram (by author)

Chapter 6. Final Design

Northwest Elevation

Rocky Reef Section 96

Figure 112. Final Northwest Elevation (by author)

Figure 113. Final Rocky Reef section no.1 (by author)

Chapter 6. Final Design

Southeast Elevation

Sandy Flats/ Entry Section 98

Figure 114. Final Southeast Elevation (by author)

Figure 115. Final Entry Section (by author)

Chapter 6. Final Design

Researcher

Public

Sandy Flats Section no.2

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

100

Figure 116. Final Sandy Flats Section no.2 (by author)

Roofing Mebbrane R-1 Insulation W/ Chicken Wire Supported W14x22 Steel I Beam Wood Sheathing Web Stiffeners Vertical fins

End Plate

4” Finish Concrete Flooring

Glass guard rail

Metal Decking. Typ. 22GA. Min Steel Joist 10” Dia. Ventilation Tube Sprinklers

Fish Scale Panel Glazing

Sidewalk

Base Plate

2’ Concrete Bearing Wall

Top of Concrete Fundation Concrete Slab

Anchor Bolts

Rebar

Bedding Space Anchor Plates

2” Sand Vapor Retarder over 6” Gravel

SCALE: 01 2 34

Concrete Footing

Figure 117. Final Wall Section detail (by author)

101

Chapter 6. Final Design

Figure 118. Final Rocky Reef no.2 (by author)

Rocky Reef Section no.2 scale : 1” = 16’ 102

Figure 119. Research public interaction ender (by author)

103

Chapter 6. Final Design

Kelp Forest Section 104

scale : 1” = 16’ 0 Figure 120. Final Kelp Forest Section (by author)

105

Chapter 6. Final Design

106Figure 121. Exterior Render (by author)

107

Chapter 6. Final Design

Final Section Model

108

Figure 122. Final Model no.1 (by author)

Figure 123. Final Model no.2 (by author)

109

Chapter 6. Final Design

Concept one model

110

Figure 124. Concept 1 Model (by author)

Concept two model

Figure 125. Concept 2 Model (by author)

111

Final Reflection

The final became a discussion about the transformation of aquariums in today’s society. One juror thought that maybe the separation between research and public was intentional which brought up the question, should all research be on display? Although some of the research is exciting and entertaining for the public to see, some if it might not be. The program of the labs could have reflected this more. Perhaps intertwining between public and private, exposing only the exciting experiments being conducted to the public. The addition of more lab details such as specific equipment, mechanical needs, hazardous waste disposal, and others

would have added another layer of reality to the project as well as may of helped layout the lab spaces based on their specific needs. The comments from the discussion lead to the question “what are aquariums purpose today, and what are they going to be in the future?”

Figure 126. Kelp Forest sketch (by author)

Appendix A

IMMERSE Thesis by Guy Hartwig 2017

Problem Statement

There has become a disconnect between ocean research and ocean education. Aquariums in their early history were non-profit marine science centers focused on education and conservation. They were places for the public and scientists to experience and engage with the ocean’s beauty. Today aquariums have become living art displays, highly focused on the public’s experience and entertainment rather than education and exploration.

Critical Position

The disconnect between research and the public resulted in aquariums changing into entertainment display’s, often at the cost of the sea animals. But why was there a disconnect? Aquarium displays capture marine environments in a way that’s aesthetic, educational, and has scientific aims. Scientific experiments and research call for a controlled environment. Since the ocean is filled with millions of x variables, aquariums can recreate a specific eco-system providing an ideal environment for scientific research and beautiful displays of life for the public.

Thesis Statement

Establishing a reconnection between ocean research and public education by creating an educational marine center will reverse the progression of false displays of reality, but instead focus on education

Design Concepts Site The site is located near the coast in La Jolla, CA. Being located close to Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the building will add to San Diego’s already rich and vibrant ocean research community. The site is located on a slope which provides multiple advantages for this project. One being that it has distinct views of each of La Jolla’s four marine ecosystems, another being that It allowed for the building to cascade down the hill in order to maintain minimal obstruction of ocean view for people driving by.

Site Access

Site Views

Natural Factors

Employee Access Public Access

La Jolla + Scripps Canyon The canyon is part of what makes La Jolla’s reserve so special. The 1500+ canyons fill up with cold nutrient rich water that is pulled out from the depths on warm summer days through what is called an upwelling. This then flushes the area with nutrients and food for the other species. The canyons are on route of a large grey whale migration from Alaska to mexico. The whales use the strong currents in the canyons as highways to make ease their journey.

Ecosystem map

Kelp Forest The kelp forest is home to many of the bigger fish of the reserve such as yellowfin tuna, giant black sea bass, sheaphead, mako shark, thrasher shark, seven-gill sharks and much more. The kelp trees create a rainforest like ecosystem with different species living at the forest floor than from the canopy.

Sandy Flats The sandy flats appear to be a barren landscape, much like a desert, but is home to many of La Jolla’s most memorable species such leopard Shark, bat ray & sting ray, shovel nose guitar fish and a large variety of fish such as the opaleye pictured here.

La Jolla’s Ecological Reserve La Jolla’s ecological reserve, also known as Matlahuayl State Marine Reserve spans 6,000 acre’s across the ocean floor from the point of la jolla cove to scripps pier. The reserve is unique as in that is has four ecosystems in a small area. It has sandy bottom flats, rocky reefs, giant kelp forests as well as two submarine canyons. This concentration a variety of ecosystem’s brings in a large diversity in sea life as well. La Jolla is the second most bio diverse place on the west coast after monteray bay. The reserve contains two man made reefs, intended to attract marine life closer to shore. The combination of all these factor’s creates a vibrant sea life that is being enjoyed and studied by both scientific research at Scripps institute and UCSD, as well as recreational users like kayakers, surfers, divers, and snorklers

Appendix B

Render of main entry

SEA LEVEL The entry to the aquarium was based on the concept on how you enter the ocean. A gradual procession into the water submersing the user into an underwater world below.

STORAGE

GIFT SHOP

Render of Sandy Flats tanks Restaurant level

scale : 1” = 24’ 0

SANDY FLATS LABS

The skin system drew inspiration from fish scales. These module’s allow in gentle indirect light into the research labs to avoid direct light on the tanks

Sandy Flats exhibit will include Leopard Sharks, Sting Rays, Opaleye, Surface Jellyfish

SANDY FLATS

RESEARCH

PUBLIC

ELECT.

FEEDING ROOM

FEED STORAGE

Rocky Reef exhibit has a variety of animals, educating the user about what sea life lives in the different area’s of the ecosystem. STORAGE CLASSROOM CLASSROOM LECTURE HALL CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

The first “Barnicle” is oriented directly at the Sandy flat’s ecosystem located just of the coast of La Jolla shore’s. This provides a connection between what the user is learning and viewing in the tank with the natural world.

CLASSROOM

Main Entry level

Render of Rocky Reef View

scale : 1” = 24’ 0

STORA GE

EMPLOYEE BREAK ROOM

GALLERY

Gallery level

As the user decends down the steps they split through the reef revealing the animals that live inside such as octopus, spiney lobster and Abalone.

scale : 1” = 24’ 0

CA LA TO

Render of top of Kelp Forest

HIB

STAFF PARKING

The Kelp Forest Exhibit immerse the user into a vibrant ecosystem. The user starts on the top floor with the tree tops and as they make their way down, they discover the different life that live at the various levels

STORAGE

UTILITY UNLOADING DOCK

PROJECTOR ROOM

Service level

scale : 1” = 24’ 0

STORAGE

THE CANYON

STORAGE

KELP FOREST LABS

KELP FOREST

Kelp Forest level

scale : 1” = 24’ 0

Render of Kelp Forest Auditorium

Appendix C

Northwest Elevation

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

Rocky Reef Section no.1

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

Sandy Flats Section no.1

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

South East Elevation

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

Roofing Mebbrane R-1 Insulation W/ Chicken Wire Supported W14x22 Steel I Beam Wood Sheathing Web Stiffeners End Plate

4” Finish Concrete Flooring

Vertical fins

Glass guard rail

Metal Decking. Typ. 22GA. Min Steel Joist 10” Dia. Ventilation Tube Sprinklers

Fish Scale Panel Glazing

Base Plate Top of Concrete Fundation Concrete Slab Rebar

Sidewalk 2’ Concrete Bearing Wall Anchor Bolts Bedding Space Anchor Plates

2” Sand Vapor Retarder over 6” Gravel Concrete Footing

Sandy Flats Section no.2

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

Rocky Reef Section no.2

scale : 1” = 8’ 0

Kelp Forest Section

scale : 1” = 16’ 0

SCALE: 01 2 34

Refrences Literature Nola. S (2013). Public Aquariums and Marine Aesthetics. Retrieved from https://quod. lib.umich.edu/c/ca/7523862.0011.020/--public-aquariums-and-marine-aesthetics?rgn=main;view=fulltext Rhodan, M. (2015, August 6). Seaworld’s profits drop 84% after “Blackfish” documentary. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from http://time.com/3987998/seaworlds-profits-drop-84-after-blackfish-documentary/ Thar, J. (2011, June 7). World Oceans Day: Why should we know more about the moon than our oceans? . Retrieved from http://vancouversun.com/news/community-blogs/world-oceans-day-why-should-we-know-more-about-the-moon-than-ouroceans Images Nail, M. (2017) Moon Jellies. Retrieved from https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/ animal-guide/invertebrates/moon-jelly Beaty. R (2013) Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Retrieved from https://scripps.ucsd. edu/ NYC (2014) Photo of original New York Aquarium in 1896. Retrieved from https://www. nycgovparks.org/about/history/zoos/ny-aquarium Aguilera.M (2017) Shamu breaching at Seaworld. Retrieved from http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/tourism/sd-fi-seaworld-orcas20170316-story.html Silvana.G (2017) Dramatic Sky over La Jolla. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/ photos/silvanaghiu/30656754985/in/dateposted/ Lisborg.F(2015) The Blue Planet. Retrieved from http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Denmark/East/Kobenhavn/Kastrup/ photo1495299.htm ArchDaily (2013) Perspective Floorplan,The Blue Planet. Retrieved from http://www. archdaily.com/348532/the-blue-planet-3xn Assassi Productions (2013) NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/557721/noaa-southwest-fisheries-science-center-gould-evans Ace Aerial (2013). NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center. Retrieved from http:// www.archdaily.com/557721/noaa-southwest-fisheries-science-center-gould-evans

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Refrences

AVP_arhitekti (2011) Sunset render. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/102048/ marine-research-center-bali-avp_arhitekti Adamus. M (2014) Render. Retrieved from

http://www.archdaily.com/567838/mikolai-adamus-propos-

al-for-a-new-aquarium-in-gdynia Adamus. M (2014) Render 7. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/567838/mikolai-adamus-proposal-for-a-new-aquarium-in-gdynia Adamus. M (2014) Render 8. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/567838/mikolai-adamus-proposal-for-a-new-aquarium-in-gdynia Scully.C (2012) Spyhop. Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/ spyhopping/ McBurnie.K (2012) La Jolla Kelp Forest. Retrieved from https://californiasciencecenter.org/exhibits/ecosystems/forest-zone/kelp-forest

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Figures Figure 1. Moon Jellies by Nail. M (2017)..........................................................................................................................................p.15 Figure 2. Scripps Institute of Oceanography by Beaty. R (2013) .................................................................................p.17 Figure 3. Seahorse (by author)..............................................................................................................................................................p.19 Figure 4. by Opaleye, Sandy Flats ecosystem (by author)..............................................................................................p.20 Figure 5. Photo of original New York Aquarium in 1896. by NYC (2014) ............................................................p.22 Figure 6. Shamu breaching at Seaworld show by Aguilera.M (2017)......................................................................p.23 Figure 7. Dark Sky over La Jolla by SilvanaGh(2017)............................................................................................................p.24 Figure 8. The Blue Planet by Lisborg.F(2015) ...........................................................................................................................p.27 Figure 9. Persperctive Floorplan, The Blue Planet by ArchDaily (2013) ...............................................................p.28 Figure 10. Blue planet Section (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.29 Figure 11. Blue planet Floorplan Diagram (by author)........................................................................................................p.29 Figure 12. NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center by Assassi Productions (2013)..............................p.30 Figure 13. NOAA Southwest FIsheries Science Center by Ace Aerial (2013)......................................................p.30 Figure 14. NOAA fisheries form concept. (by author)...........................................................................................................p.31 Figure 15. NOAA fisheries Floorplan. (by author).....................................................................................................................p.31 Figure 16.Sunset render by AVP_arhitekti (2011).....................................................................................................................p.32 Figure 17. Bali Research Section. (by author) ............................................................................................................................p.33 Figure 18. Bali Research Floorplans (by author)......................................................................................................................p.33 Figure 19. Render 1 by Adamus. M (2014).....................................................................................................................................p.34 Figure 20. Render 7 by Adamus. M (2014)....................................................................................................................................p.34 Figure 21. Render 8by Adamus. M (2014) .....................................................................................................................................p.34 Figure 22. New Aquarium Section (by author)..........................................................................................................................p.35 Figure 23. New Aquarium Floorplan Diagram (by author)...............................................................................................p.35 Figure 24. San Diego vacinity (by author).....................................................................................................................................p.36 Figure 25. Site Location Map (by author)......................................................................................................................................p.37 Figure 26. Concept 1 Site Plan (by author)...................................................................................................................................p.38 Figure 27. by Google Image....................................................................................................................................................................p.38 Figure 28. by Google Image...................................................................................................................................................................p.38 Figure 29. Concept 2 Site Plan (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.39 Figure 30. by Google Image...................................................................................................................................................................p.39 Figure 31. by Google Image....................................................................................................................................................................p.39 Figure 32. Site map (by author).............................................................................................................................................................p.41 Figure 33. Site Diagram (by author)....................................................................................................................................................p.41 Figure 34. Spyhop by Scully.C (2012) ..............................................................................................................................................p.42 Figure 35. La Jolla Kelp Forest by McBurnie.K (2012)..........................................................................................................p.42 Figure 36. Sea Lion (by author).............................................................................................................................................................p.42 Figure 37. Opaleye (by author)..............................................................................................................................................................p.42 Figure 38. Ecosystem Map (by author)...........................................................................................................................................p.43 Figure 39. Concept 1 Watercolor (by author).............................................................................................................................p.45 Figure 40. Concept 2 watercolor (by author).............................................................................................................................p.46 Figure 41. Program concept sketch (by author) ....................................................................................................................p.49 Figure 42. Program concept sketch #2 (by author)..............................................................................................................p.50 Figure 43. Octo sketch (by author).....................................................................................................................................................p.50 Figure 44. Visual connection concept sketch (by author).................................................................................................p.51 Figure 45. Program process sketch (by author).......................................................................................................................p.52 Figure 46. Program process #2 (by author)................................................................................................................................p.52 Figure 47. Program process #3 (by author).................................................................................................................................p.53

Figures Figure 48. Program diagrams (by author)....................................................................................................................................p.54 Figure 49. Auditorium scale diagram (by author)..................................................................................................................p.55 Figure 50. Lighting diagram (by author).......................................................................................................................................p.55 Figure 51. Leopard Shark, Rocky Reef (by author)................................................................................................................p.56 Figure 52. Concept 1 Site plan (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.58 Figure 53. Concept 1 axo (by author)...............................................................................................................................................p.59 Figure 54. Concept 1 iterations (by author).................................................................................................................................p.59 Figure 55. Concept 2 site plan (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.60 Figure 56. Concept 2 axo (by author)..............................................................................................................................................p.61 Figure 57. Concept 2 iterations (by author).................................................................................................................................p.61 Figure 58. Program process #4 (by author)...............................................................................................................................p.62 Figure 59. Program process #4 (by author)...............................................................................................................................p.63 Figure 60. Concept 3 generation (by author) ..........................................................................................................................p.64 Figure 61. Progress floorplans (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.65 Figure 62. Perspective section study (by author)..................................................................................................................p.66 Figure 63. Test interior perspectives (by author)....................................................................................................................p.67 Figure 63. sea lion pup (by author)...................................................................................................................................................p.68 Figure 65. winter site plan (by author).............................................................................................................................................p.70 Figure 66. squid life (by author)...........................................................................................................................................................p.70 Figure 67. winter site map (by author)..............................................................................................................................................p.71 Figure 68. winter roof plan (by author)............................................................................................................................................p.72 Figure 69. restaurant level (by author)............................................................................................................................................p.73 Figure 70. winter main entry (by author)........................................................................................................................................p.74 Figure 71. winter rocky reef (by author)...........................................................................................................................................p.75 Figure 72. winter mezzanine (by author)........................................................................................................................................p.75 Figure 73. winter kelp forest (by author)........................................................................................................................................p.75 Figure 74. winter sandy flats section no.1 (by author)..........................................................................................................p.76 Figure 75. sandy flats section no.2 (by author).........................................................................................................................p.76 Figure 76. winter entry study (by author)......................................................................................................................................p.77 Figure 77. winter west elevation (by author)...............................................................................................................................p.77 Figure 78. winter rocky reef section no.1 (by author)...........................................................................................................p.78 Figure 79. winter rocky reef section no.2 (by author)...........................................................................................................p.78 Figure 80. winter rocky reef interior test (by author)............................................................................................................p.79 Figure 81. winter exit circulation section (by author)...........................................................................................................p.80 Figure 82. winter kelp forest section no.1 (by author).........................................................................................................p.80 Figure 82. winter kelp forest section no.2 (by author).........................................................................................................p.81 Figure 84. Squid sketch no.2 (by author).......................................................................................................................................p.83 Figure 85. watercolor site map (by author).................................................................................................................................p.85 Figure 86. site map with roof plan (by author).........................................................................................................................p.86 Figure 87. site access diagram (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.87 Figure 88. site view diagram (by author).......................................................................................................................................p.87 Figure 89. site natural factors diagram (by author)...............................................................................................................p.87 Figure 90. final restaurant floor plan (by author)....................................................................................................................p.88 Figure 91. Entry Render (by author)..................................................................................................................................................p.89 Figure 92. Entry diagram (by author)...............................................................................................................................................p.89 Figure 93. Concept no.2 zoom (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.89 Figure 94. skin panel diagram (by author)...................................................................................................................................p.90

Figures Figure 95. final floor plan (by author)...............................................................................................................................................p.90 Figure 96. sandy flats render(by author).......................................................................................................................................p.91 Figure 97. research/public connection(by author)................................................................................................................p.91 Figure 98. Squid no.2 (by author).........................................................................................................................................................p.91 Figure 99. ecosystem viewing barnacle render (by author)...........................................................................................p.92 Figure 100. floor plan zoom on viewing barnacle (by author)......................................................................................p.92 Figure 101. sandy flats ecosystem diagram (by author)....................................................................................................p.93 Figure 102. rocky reef ecosystem diagram (by author)......................................................................................................p.93 Figure 103. kelp forest ecosystem diagram (by author)...................................................................................................p.93 Figure 104. final rocky reef level (by author)...............................................................................................................................p.94 Figure 105. final mezzanine level (by author) ............................................................................................................................p.94 Figure 106. kelp forest top render (by author)..........................................................................................................................p.95 Figure 107. rocky reef split diagram (by author)......................................................................................................................p.95 Figure 108. final kelp forest floor (by author).............................................................................................................................p.96 Figure 109. kelp forest auditorium render (by author)........................................................................................................p.96 Figure 110. immerse diagram (by author).....................................................................................................................................p.97 Figure 111. kelp forest diagram (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.97 Figure 112. final northwest elevation (by author)....................................................................................................................p.99 Figure 113. final rocky reef section no.1 (by author)...............................................................................................................p.99 Figure 114. final southeast elevation (by author)..................................................................................................................p.100 Figure 115. final entry section (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.100 Figure 116. final sandy flats section no.2 (by author)..........................................................................................................p.102 Figure 117. final wall section detail (by author).......................................................................................................................p.103 Figure 118. final rocky reef no.2 (by author)...............................................................................................................................p.104 Figure 119. research public interaction render (by author)...........................................................................................p.105 Figure 120. final kelp forest section (by author)....................................................................................................................p.106 Figure 121. exterior render (by author)..........................................................................................................................................p.108 Figure 122. final model no.1 (by author).......................................................................................................................................p.109 Figure 123. final model no.2 (by author).......................................................................................................................................p.109 Figure 124. concept 1 model (by author).....................................................................................................................................p.112 Figure 125. concept 2 model (by author)....................................................................................................................................p.113 Figure 126. kelp forest sketch (by author)..................................................................................................................................p.115