June 24, 2020 — Gwinnett Daily Post

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gwinnettdailypost.com ♦ wednesday, June 24, 2020 ♦ A3

WORLD

7.4 magnitude earthquake hits southern Mexico Buildings collapsed, residents were evacuated and tsunami waves of 2.3 feet crashed into Mexico’s southern coastline as a 7.4 magnitude earthquake hit the country on Tuesday. The earthquake occurred at 11:29 a.m. ET, with an epicenter 6.8 miles southwest of Santa María Zapotitlán in Oaxaca state, near El Coyul. The earthquake could be felt as far as Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. In capital Mexico City, approximately 190 miles north of El Coyul, tremors were felt and sirens were heard wailing. Waves of 2.2 feet were observed in Acapulco and 2.3 feet in Salina Cruz. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said that hazardous tsunami waves are possible within 621 miles of the epicenter, including along the coasts of Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. The damage in Oaxaca state is considered light to moderate, according to the US Geological Survey ShakeMap.

EU mulls blocking entry to Americans due to coronavirus surge As European Union nations continue to ease coronavirus restrictions, the EU is considering recommending member states block American visitors from visiting their countries due to the surge of coronavirus cases in the U.S., according to two EU diplomats. “The criteria will be focused on circulation of the virus,” said one EU diplomat, adding that Brussels is looking to keep out travelers from countries “where the virus is circulating most actively.” No final decisions have been made and it is ultimately up to individual members to decide who can enter each country.

India allows religious festival to go ahead in ‘limited’ capacity as COVID-19 cases surge Hundreds of devotees are expected to participate in one of India’s most celebrated religious processions Tuesday, after the country’s highest court ruled that the annual spectacle could go ahead in a limited capacity despite the high coronavirus risk. The annual Rath Yatra festival takes place in various cities around the country — but the most famous celebration takes place in the coastal city of Puri, in the western state of Odisha. The festival celebrates the Indian deity of Jagannath and lasts for more than a week. The Supreme Court had previously ruled against the Hindu celebration, saying the risk of coronavirus infection was too high with more than a million people expected to attend in Odisha. However, the Odisha state government promised to conduct the festival in a “limited way,” and asked the court for a injunction, leading to the Supreme Court overturning its own order on Monday. This year, only essential people like those who perform the rituals and pull the chariots will be allowed in the procession, in an attempt to keep attendance numbers low. — From wire reports

WORLD & NATION Rayshard Brooks remembered as caring father kept down by a racist legal system By Eric Levenson and Erica Henry CNN

Rayshard Brooks was remembered at his funeral Tuesday as a smiling, oft-dancing, hard-working father brought down by a racist legal system of imprisonment, probation and police violence. Brooks was laid to rest at a private funeral service in Atlanta at historic Ebenezer Baptist Church, where the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. served as a co-pastor from 1960 until his assassination in 1968. Ambrea Mikolajczyk, who runs a construction company in Toledo, Ohio, where Brooks worked last year, said he biked to work every day as he tried to overcome the restrictions placed on him while on probation. “Ray had overcome his circumstances. He was working hard to become the best provider, caretaker, community builder, father, husband, son, brother and relationship agent he could possibly be,” she said. “The justice system and systemic racism that exists made it fairly impossible for him to try to live a prosperous life well after he had paid his debt.” In one instance, a coworker’s car broke down and Brooks got off his bike and walked alongside the coworker for two hours.

NATION

Dr. Fauci: ‘We’re going to be doing more testing, not less’ Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease expert, told lawmakers Tuesday that the U.S. will be increasing coronavirus testing, saying, “we’re going to be doing more testing, not less,” in response to President Donald Trump’s recent claim that he asked his administration to slow down testing during the pandemic. The testimony from Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, came during a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing on the Trump administration’s response to the coronavirus pandemic. “To my knowledge, none of us have ever been told to slow down on testing. That just is a fact. In fact, we will be doing more testing,” Fauci said on a witness panel of top officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.

Race is on to replenish supply stockpile amid concerns of a second coronavirus wave The Trump administration is in a race to outpace the coronavirus as it seeks to replenish the country’s national supply stockpile, despite conflicting messaging from officials about the potential severity of a second wave of the virus. Nearly half of states are reporting a rise in new cases and some continue to break records in their daily reported

special photo: Joe Raedle/getty images

Romika Miller, wife of Rayshard Brooks, arrives for his viewing at the Ebenezer Baptist Church on Monday in Atlanta. Brooks was killed June 12 by an Atlanta police officer after a struggle during a field sobriety test in a Wendy’s restaurant parking lot. “That’s the type of man Ray was. He looked out for everyone,” she said. The funeral comes more than a week after the 27-yearold father was shot and killed by an Atlanta police officer after he fought with police and tried to flee during an attempted arrest. The shooting, amid nationwide protests against systemic racism and police brutality, has led to the resignation of the police chief

and criminal charges against the officer who killed him and another officer on scene. The Rev. Raphael G. Warnock, the senior pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church and a Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate, noted Brooks was killed while running away and George Floyd was killed by police while complying. “If your skin is the weapon and your complexion is the crime, what do you do

carriers, and Voice over IP service providers, will be required to implement the new number nationwide by July 16, 2022. “988 will save lives. Helping Americans in crisis connect to counselors trained in suicide prevention is one of the most important things we can do at the FCC,” FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said Tuesday in a press release. “We believe that 988 — which has an echo of the 911 number we all special photo: alex wong/getty images know as an emergency numDr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease expert, ber — will help people access testified Tuesday at a House oversight hearing on the Trump mental health services.”

administration’s response to the coronavirus pandemic. cases. Behind the scenes, officials are trying to execute on a newly envisioned Strategic National Stockpile, informally called “SNS 2.0,” and restock the country’s supply before a possible fall resurgence. But concerns over federal preparedness persist at the state level where officials are taking matters into their own hands and working on bolstering their own stockpiles, following the supply scramble that unfolded earlier this year. “We know every day how many people are being admitted to the hospital, how many are in the ICU, how many are on vents. We can calculate what they might need from that and we send the appropriate amount,” a senior Department of Health and Human Services official told CNN.

Atlanta police officer Devin Brosnan also called Brooks’ death a “tragedy,” according to his interview published by the newspaper Tuesday, just hours before the 27-year-old father was to be laid to rest. “At the end of the day, someone lost their life. To me, it’s heartbreaking no matter the circumstances, no matter what,” Brosnan, 26, said. “When anybody dies truly is something you never want to see happen, to have happen. I can’t imagine what a family would go through.”

FCC to finalize new 3-digit number for national suicide hotline

CNN

Green-carpeted hills roll away from Maryland Farm in Somerset, England, where a man named Daniel Barber began making farmstead cheese in 1833. Nearly 200 years later, his family’s Barber’s Farmhouse business is still going strong, now the oldest cheddar-maker in the world. “The valley we’re in here is one of the most fertile and densely used dairy areas in

MUST READ the UK,” says Barber’s Farmhouse managing director Giles Barber, who is Daniel Barber’s great-great-greatgrandson. “We’ve got many small farms, and most of them are still owned by individual families.” Fifteen miles away is the village of Cheddar itself, where early cheese makers used limestone caves and gorges as natural refrigerators. (While the village gave

Kentucky votes on which Democrat will take on McConnell Democratic Senate candidate Amy McGrath is a former Marine fighter pilot and a fundraising phenomenon. But she enters primary day with an unexpected challenge for the party’s nomination. Long viewed as a shoo-in to progress to a showdown with Republican Senate Majority Mitch McConnell in November, McGrath has increasingly turned her attention to progressive primary rival Charles Booker, a Kentucky state representative gaining momentum — and national attention — in the aftermath of the police killings of George Floyd in Minnesota and Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky. (Mike Broihier, a retired Marine advocating for universal basic income, is also running for the nomination.) The state hasn’t sent a Democrat to the Senate since the reelection of Wendell Ford in 1992. It gave President Donald Trump a 30-point victory in 2016. Neither Democratic candidate would be favored to beat McConnell, the longestserving Kentucky senator. — From wire reports

Jimmy Kimmel apologizes for performing in blackface Late-night host Jimmy Kimmel issued an apology Tuesday for his “embarrassing” portrayals of Black celebrities. In his statement, obtained by CNN, Kimmel wrote “I have long been reluctant to address this, as I knew doing so would be celebrated as a victory by those who equate apologies with weakness and cheer for leaders who use prejudice to divide us.” “That delay was a mistake,” Kimmel wrote. “There is nothing more important to me than your respect, and I apologize to those who were genuinely hurt or offended by the makeup I wore or the words I spoke.” The Emmys host had come under fire recently after social media unearthed clips of him performing in blackface. Kimmel explained in his statement that “On KROQ radio in the mid-90s, I did a recurring impression of the NBA player Karl Malone.” “I’ve done dozens of impressions of famous people, including Snoop Dogg, Oprah, Eminem, Dick Vitale, Rosie, and many others. In each case, I thought of them as impersonations of celebrities and nothing more,” Kimmel went on to say. “Looking back, many of these sketches are embarrassing, and it is frustrating that these thoughtless moments have become a weapon used by some to diminish my criticisms of social and other injustices.”

Bill Cosby is granted the right to appeal his conviction on sexual assault charges Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court ruled Tuesday that Bill Cosby is allowed to appeal two key issues in his 2018 conviction on sexual assault charges. Cosby, the 82-year-old actor and comedian, is less than two years into a 3-to-10-year sentence at a prison outside Philadelphia for drugging and sexually assaulting a former Temple University employee at his home in 2004. Tuesday’s ruling grants Cosby the ability to appeal two issues in the case. One issue focuses on the “prior bad act” witnesses who testified about alleged assaults that were not part of the charges, and the second focuses on the prior district attorney’s decision not to charge Cosby a decade ago.

BTS and Big Hit Entertainment donate $1 million to help concert crews BTS and Big Hit Entertainment have teamed up to donate $1 million to help concert crews hurting because of the coronavirus pandemic. The donation by the Korean pop superstars and their management company was made to Live Nation’s charity campaign, Crew Nation, which helps live show staffers who are out of work due to canceled events. Live Nation launched Crew Nation in March with initial donations of $10 million to help over 1,000 concert crew members. — From wire reports

One of the Atlanta police officers charged in the death of Rayshard Brooks would not have done anything differently that night, he said in an interview with The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

The Federal Communications Commission will formally designate next month a new three-digit number to reach the National Suicide Prevention Hotline, the agency announced Tuesday. Currently, the hotline is accessible by the 10-digit number, 1-800-273-8255 (TALK). The FCC will vote at its July 16 open meeting to make 9-8-8 the number an individual seeking help can dial and be connected to the hotline. All telecommunications

cheddar cheese a name, historians say the cheese style developed regionally.) Today, Barber’s Farmhouse is one of a small handful of producers allowed to sell cheese labeled West Country Farmhouse Cheddar, a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) with strict requirements. When making their Barber’s 1833 cheddar cheese, a cheese that’s included in the PDO, Barber’s producers use many techniques that the 19th-century founder would

have recognized. Milk comes from nearby dairy herds. Cheese curds are still turned over by hand. Eschewing the convenience of freeze-dried cultures, Barber’s Farmhouse maintains a collection of traditional cultures, strains of bacteria that convert milk’s natural lactose into flavorful lactic acid. In an era of industrially special photo: istock/getty images produced, globalized food, While cheddar has an important legacy in many former BritBarber’s Farmhouse recalls a time when flavors and tra- ish colonies, it’s far from a universal favorite in the vast ditions were more regional. portion of the globe once controlled by the United Kingdom.

Charged officer speaks out about night Rayshard Brooks was killed

Cheddar empire: Rise of a cheese superpower By Jen Rose Smith

to stay alive? Comply like George Floyd? Or run like Rayshard Brooks? I’m not asking for a friend, I’m asking for myself and my nieces and my nephews and my children,” he said. “This country has become too accustomed and comfortable with black people dying. That’s what we mean when we say Black Lives Matter. It is a way of saying see our humanity.”

PEOPLE


A4 ♦ Wednesday, June 24, 2020 ♦ gWinnettdailypost.com COLUMNIST I KEITH ROACH

WEATHER WATCH

Can bladder with no urge to ‘go’ bounce back?

TODAY

Dr. Roach regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but will incorporate them in the column whenever possible. Readers may email questions to ToYourGoodHealth@med. cornell.edu or send mail to 628 Virginia Dr., Orlando, FL 32803.

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EAR DR. ROACH: I am going to be 98 in July. A few months ago, I had a bad cough for weeks. My internist gave me guaifenesin with codeine. The medicine got rid of the cough, but I developed the inability to urinate. I went to the ER and they drained 2 liters of urine Roach from my bladder. I had to go home with a catheter. I don’t have pain, but I still do not have the urge to urinate. My urologist performed a few tests and said that I would need the catheter for the rest of my life. Can I do anything to help my bladder go back to normal? — L.L.B. ANSWER: Urinary retention is the inability to drain the bladder. It’s seen in both men and women, but the more likely causes for each are very different. One common cause is medication side effects. Codeine can cause urinary retention; however, this should go away within a few hours of stopping the medicine. Given the timing you describe, I can’t believe it is due to the cough medicine, and I am sure your urologist looked at any other medicines you might be taking. Men and women both also can develop an obstruction to urinary flow. In men, this is usually due to an enlarged prostate, whereas in women, it may be from other anatomic abnormalities that come with aging. But the fact that you were holding 2 liters of urine in your bladder and had no urge to urinate suggests a neurological cause as your underlying problem. These are often difficult to treat. Some causes require urgent treatment, such as spinal cord injury; you would have known if that were the problem. Your urologist may do (or have done) more extensive tests on your bladder function and the function of the associated nerves. Talk to your urologist a bit more about what he or she suspects as the underlying cause, and write back. DEAR DR. ROACH: I am writing because my mother is convinced that eggs are unhealthy. I’ve read that eggs are the most complete food on earth, except for bee pollen. What risk is there to eating an egg or two per day? — J.Y. ANSWER: There is no such thing as a complete food. The science is clear that a diverse diet is best, since no single food contains all the nutrients for ideal health. Both eggs and bee pollen have a wide variety of amino acids, fats and vitamins, but are still incomplete. The health benefits and harms of eggs continue to be debated. Eggs contain saturated fat and cholesterol, and although most data suggest that excess amounts of these increase heart disease risk, the net health effect of eggs remains uncertain, with some studies showing modest harm from more than seven eggs per week while others show none (but no net benefit, either). Given the uncertainty, I recommend no more than seven eggs per week for the lowest heart disease risk, but a few more is unlikely to have a major harmful effect.

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the solunar tables for lakes are based on studies that show fish and game are more active at certain times during the lunar period. MAJOR 4:24-6:24 a.m. ............ 4:51-6:51 p.m.

MINOR 9:38-10:38 a.m. ...... 11:56-12:56 p.m.

POLLEN COUNTS

trees: low Weeds: low grass: low

LOTTERY

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LAKE LEVELS

SOLUNAR TABLES the gwinnett daily post (upsp 921-980, issn 1086-0096) is published Wednesday, Friday and sunday by scni, 725 old norcross Road, lawrenceville, ga 30045. periodical postage paid at lawrenceville, ga 30044. postmasteR: send address changes to gwinnett daily post, p.o. Box 603, lawrenceville, ga 30046-0603.

HOROSCOPES

Lake Full Yesterday allatoona ............(840.0) .... 840.32 Blackshear ......... (237.0) .... 236.94 Blue Ridge........(1690.0) .. 1686.73 Burton..............(1865.0) .. 1864.97 carters.............(1072.0) ...1074.70 chatuge ........... (1927.0) .. 1925.64 Harding .............. (521.0) .... 520.76 Hartwell .............(660.0) .... 660.85 Jackson..............(530.0) .....528.74

Lake Full Yesterday lanier............... (1071.0) ...1071.48 nottely..............(1779.0) ...1776.95 oconee ..............(435.0) .... 435.00 seminole...............(77.5) .......77.08 sinclair ...............(339.8) .... 338.37 thurmond ..........(330.0) .... 329.44 tugalo ................ (891.5) .... 889.21 Walter F. george.(188.0) .....188.97 West point..........(635.0) .....635.19

TODAY IN HISTORY

Tuesday cash 3 midday: 9-2-2 cash 4 midday: 5-3-9-1 ga. 5 midday: 0-1-9-2-3 Monday cash 3 midday: 5-8-5 cash 3 evening: 0-9-5 cash 3 night: 7-1-9 cash 4 midday: 7-7-9-9 cash 4 evening: 2-4-4-8 cash 4 night: 4-9-6-5 ga. 5 midday: 2-4-7-4-4 ga. 5 evening: 7-3-6-0-9 Fantasy 5: 9-19-20-25-30 cash 4 life: 7-14-46-48-58, cash Ball: 4

TODAY’S HISTORY: in 1901, the first major exhibition of pablo picasso’s work opened in paris. in 1948, president Harry s. truman signed the selective service act, requiring all men between the ages of 18 and 25 to register for military service. in 1957, the u.s. supreme court ruled in Roth v. united states that the First amendment does not protect obscenity. in 2011, new york gov. andrew cuomo signed a bill into law that legalized same-sex marriage. TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS: John Ross (1777-1856), arctic explorer; Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887), clergyman/ abolitionist; ambrose Bierce (1842-1914), writer/satirist; gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964), architect; Jack dempsey (1895-1983), boxer; mick Fleetwood (1947- ), musician;

peter Weller (1947- ), actor; iain glen (1961), actor; mindy Kaling (1979- ), actress/ producer; minka Kelly (1980- ), actress; lionel messi (1987- ), soccer player. TODAY’S FACT: pablo picasso was honored on his 90th birthday with an exhibition at the louvre in paris in 1971. it was the first time the louvre had exhibited the work of a living artist. TODAY’S SPORTS: in 1995, the south africa springboks defeated the new Zealand all Blacks in the finals of the Rugby World cup as nelson mandela looked on. the event was dramatized in the 2009 film “invictus.” TODAY’S QUOTE: “conservative, n. a statesman enamored of existing evils, as opposed to a liberal, who wants to replace them with others.” -- ambrose Bierce, “the devil’s dictionary”

READER’S GUIDE

Gwinnett Daily Post editor – todd cline main office – 770-963-9205

Who To Call

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To Report a News Item: Hours are 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., mon.-sat. call 770-339-5850. editor todd cline is at 770-9639205, ext. 1300; sports editor Will Hammock is at 770-9639205, ext. 1310. to request a photo, call 770-963-9205, ext. 1327. Administration/Finance: Hours are 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., mon.-Fri. call 770-963-9205. Delivery Problems: your satisfaction is our no. 1 priority. if we miss delivery, call our circulation department customer service line, 770-339-5845, or email the circulation department at circulation@gwinnettdailypost.

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2018

COLUMNIST|AMY DICKINSON

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Hot Girl summer might end in a fall

EAR AMY: My boyfriend and I (both 23) have been dating for the past nine months. He does not want to get married and have kids later on — while I do. We both knew our stances on marriage and kids from the start, but because I was in the middle of my Hot Girl Summer when we met, I was totally fine with just casually dating. I truly think the legal benefits of marriage are very important. For example, visiting someone in the hospital when only family members are allowed. Honestly, if not for that benefit I wouldn’t care about getting married. A man who is committed to me and our happiness is all I would want. His parents have been divorced since he was an adolescent, and he fears he’ll get stuck in a loveless marriage or end up losing half his money and the kids in a divorce. We both agreed to just not think about the future. Lately it’s been harder not to think about the expiration date for our relationship. We are so compatible in every single way (except for marriage). I do not want to prematurely end the relationship over this. I just want to be able to enjoy the love we have, appreciate my boyfriend, and truly give it my all before our in-

evitable end. I’d also like to avoid being absolutely destroyed when that time comes. Any advice? Dickinson — In Love DEAR IN LOVE: I have great news for you: If you and your boyfriend designate one another to be a health care proxy, you won’t have to worry about being married in case of a hospitalization. So — problem solved! Except — this is not about visiting someone in the hospital. You want to get married and have children one day, and — you don’t need to justify that. Your guy seems to have been deeply affected by his own parents’ divorce, and it is not surprising that he is marriageavoidant, although his very dim view of family life is cause for concern. It is a red flag, and you cannot simply choose to ignore it — because you are not built that way. You are approaching the one-year mark of your relationship, and it is completely appropriate for you two to communicate honestly about where you see this relationship going. And if you want marriage and kids — you should say so out loud and be prepared to leave the relationship

— not to manipulate him, but because you know who you are and what you want in life. You’ve got more Hot Girl Summers ahead of you. You want to be with someone who shares your important core goals and values — a person who will still be there — long after the hotness fades. DEAR AMY: Some of our longtime friends don’t realize (or perhaps care) that this country’s norms and institutions are eroding before our eyes and we are slipping into an authoritarian state. These friends seem impervious to our polite entreaties for them to, well, wake up! Our goal is simply to maintain the Republic as we know it. Of course, racial, social, and economic justice are essential, but cannot be achieved under a dictatorship. Do we have a responsibility to risk our friendships by continuing to persuade others of the dangers we face, or should we put friendships first? Or should we just walk away from those with whom we will never agree? — Tom in Los Angeles DEAR TOM: I think you should celebrate the freedom we each have to either launch an insurrection, or go to the movies. You don’t seem to consider the possibility that

those that disagree with your broad statements might not be wrong. If your friends already know how you feel and what you think, your advocacy would go further trying to persuade people who haven’t already heard your views. Many relationships have been strained — and broken — over politics. These are values calls. Your political beliefs represent a core value to you, and so it seems that yes — your values should come before your friendships. However, if you only surround yourself with people who already agree with you, you will miss the important experience of being challenged. DEAR AMY: The question from “Don’t Ink my Name” sent shivers up my spine! A guy she had dated briefly went and got her name tattooed on his back! Thank you for urging her to take this very seriously. — Upset DEAR UPSET: I hope she backed away, very carefully and definitively. This guy seemed ... bananas. You can contact Amy Dickinson via email: ASKAMY@amydickinson. com. Readers may send postal mail to Ask Amy, P.O. Box 194, Freeville, NY 13068. You can also follow her on Twitter @askingamy or “like” her on Facebook.

stop wrestling with the past and start pursuing meaningful goals that will get you moving in a positive direction. push to unleash your creative imagination and to turn your ideas into worthwhile projects. Believe in your ability to make a difference, and you will. Kindness will lead to rewards. CANCER (June 21-July 22) — embrace life, and don’t be afraid to try something new. a different approach to an old idea will help you get things up and running. use your charm to win support. LEO (July 23-aug. 22) — make a difference by offering to help those who cannot help themselves. Building a system that can improve community services or the way your family runs will pay off. VIRGO (aug. 23-sept. 22) — don’t take a risk when it comes to your health and your family’s well-being. greater involvement in finding solutions and making a difference will lead to a safer future. LIBRA (sept. 23-oct. 23) — your heart is in the right place. a kind gesture you make will speak volumes about the type of person you are. Follow your heart, make a difference and please everyone. SCORPIO (oct. 24-nov. 22) — Venture out and visit new places. it will clear your head and help you decide what you want to do next. SAGITTARIUS (nov. 23dec. 21) — check your family history, and you’ll discover something that will give you clarity regarding your likes and dislikes. love is on the rise, and romance will lead to a commitment. CAPRICORN (dec. 22Jan. 19) — say what’s on your mind and find out who will pitch in and help you. don’t let a change at home cause problems for others. Work with everyone and keep the peace. AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 19) — partnerships will take an emotional turn. prepare to do something to defuse an explosive situation. discipline will be required when dealing with unruly or indulgent individuals. PISCES (Feb. 20-march 20) — unique people and situations will attract you. talks will spark your imagination and give you a springboard to launch some of your ideas. Broaden your scope. ARIES (march 21-april 19) — you’ll be itching to get out and mingle, but before you give in to temptation, consider the ramifications. time alone with a loved one will turn out to be quite romantic. TAURUS (april 20-may 20) — making a move for the wrong reasons won’t help. check your motives and consider if you are letting your emotions replace common sense. When in doubt, sit tight. GEMINI (may 21-June 20) — make adjustments at home that will give you more leisure time to spend with loved ones. Refuse to let anyone talk you into taking on a responsibility that doesn’t belong to you.

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gwinnettdailypost.com ♦ wednesday, June 24, 2020 ♦ A5

PERSPECTIVES

COLUMNIST|TOM PURCELL

Gwinnett Daily Post www.gwinnettdailypost.com

Todd Cline,

Editor and SCNI Vice President of Content todd.cline@gwinnettdailypost.com

COLUMNIST|DAVID CARROLL

Coming distractions

W

hile doing some research on an Sir Loin Steak of the Outback.) upcoming book project, I was ♦ In my opinion, our new mayor just looking through some 1930s era doesn’t pass the mustard. (Oh, but you newspapers. One theater proudly adver- should see him toss the ketchup.) tised, Coming Distractions! I don’t know if ♦ I now realize, I shoud of been a teachthat was a typo, or if they were indeed of- er. (Well, there’s just one small problem...) fering people distractions from the Great ♦ Sadly, the days of people using proper Depression. English have went away. (Yes, it is a loosEither way, now seems like a good time ing battle.) to provide some distractions from the re♦ When I was a kid, my favorite game lentless parade of bad news that engulfs was bad mitten. (I had one of those. There our lives in 2020. Heard enough about the were holes in all the finger tips.) pandemic? Tired of reading about ♦ My son has moved to the counprotests? Had it up to here with try. He has a garage, a pool, and politics? Well then, sit back, relax, several achers. (I’m happy about and enjoy my latest collection of his garage and pool, but I hope his Facebook flubs and AutoCorrect achers heal up soon.) blunders. You can blame these on ♦ I haven’t been out of the house technology, or a lack of education. since March. We are on corn teen. I’m not pointing fingers, I’m just (Well, at least you’re getting lots looking for distractions. (My wise of fiber.) Carroll guy comments are in parentheses.) ♦ Sign outside a closed business: ♦ My favorite restaurant is Chili’s. Seems We apologize for any incontinence. (You like they give you more bang for your butt. may want to limit your intake of corn teen.) (Well, their food is a wee bit spicy.) ♦ Sign at entrance of drive-thru medical ♦ A typo from a Christmas season event: clinic: Coronavirus testing is in the rear. Bring the kids, for Breakfast with Satan! (Hey, my doctor didn’t warn me about this.) (Wow, they must have REALLY been naugh♦ My vote for president don’t count ty this year.) anyway. The only thing they listen to is ♦ From a church bulletin: Join us each the electrical college. (I guess your Daddy Sunday morning. We always offer a worm was right. You should have gone to techwelcome. (Your congregation takes this nical school.) fisher of men thing seriously, don’t you?) ♦ I’ve lived a long life. I must truly have ♦ Also at church: At the end of the ser- a garden angel. (Yes, Clementine, that vice, the ushers will visit each pew to collect would also explain why your okra always your ties. (But please, leave your shirt on.) wins the blue ribbon.) ♦ Back to Facebook. This man said not to ♦ I was not the one who ran the red light. send a check. He said I could use Pay Pow. I believe I am entitled to some condensa(Just don’t shout that out loud in public.) tion! (Absolutely. Just wear this face mask ♦ My doctor says I need to go on a low- with your glasses on a hot summer day, and crab diet. (Red Lobster will be sorry to hear you’ll get all the condensation you want.) about this.) ♦ I wish they would go ahead and legal♦ Come to Vacation Bible School. We ize marinara. (I’ve heard rumors that Olive promise there will be plenty of smacks! (You Garden serves it out in the open.) must know my kids pretty well.) ♦ They had better open school again ♦ Alabama’s defensive line will be strong soon. Us parent-teachers need a brake! (I this year. A good combination of speed, agil- can’t top this one.) ity and brute forest. (Well, some of those ♦ Sign on doctor’s office door: Do not guys are as big as redwood trees.) enter if you have underlined health prob♦ Police say your anonymous tip will be lems. (And if your health problems are totally continental. (And they serve a deli- in ALL CAPS, please stay home until furcious confidential breakfast too.) ther notice.) ♦ My son has worked hard on his piano I hope this served as a cheerful distraclessons. I would encourage you to come tion for you. This too, shall pass. But only see his rectal. (Eww. I’ve heard of dinner if you practice good high jean. and a show, but this is going way too far.) ♦ When all this is over, I bet gas prices David Carroll, a Chattanooga news anchor, is the author of Volunteer will ski rocket. (Especially if you live near Bama Dawg, available on his website, the slopes.) ♦ If he don’t stop drinking so much, the ChattanoogaRadioTV.com. You may contact him at radiotv2020@yahoo.com, or 900 doctor says he will have to deal with Sir Osis Whitehall Road, Chattanooga, TN 37405. of the Liver. (I’d much rather interact with

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR|YOUR OPINION

Georgia Special Needs Scholarship is a ‘lifeline’ for some families DEAR EDITOR:

Our family, like many others, has struggled these last few months of online school. Having two boys with special needs has created an even larger gap in our academic progress despite putting in many hours of teaching and practicing. While Gwinnett County families navigate decisions regarding school in the fall, those of us with children who have special

needs must receive additional support now. The legislature has the opportunity to address issues with the current Georgia Special Needs Scholarship so that more children can take advantage of this lifeline. We urge lawmakers to consider this important legislation, so our children have the opportunity to succeed this coming year. Karen Robins Sugar Hill

Kids, pedal those pandemic blues away

H

ere’s one good thing about the with chrome fenders and a black banana COVID-19 pandemic: Bike sales seat. I rode it so often and so hard, it was are booming. I hope that means worn out by my 12th birthday. kids will begin riding in big numbers again. As Christmas 1972 approached, I dreamed There was a big bike-sales boom in the of every kid’s early-‘70s dream bike: the early 1970s, too – the result of milSchwinn Orange Krate, the greatlions of baby boom kids, like me, est five-speed bike in the history riding our bikes from dawn unof childhood. til dusk. Such a bike sold for $95 when it From its inception in the 1800s, was introduced in 1968, but there the bicycle had been produced mostwas no way my single-income famly for adults. In the 1900s, bikes ily could afford one. It cost the offered urban working-class folks equivalent of nearly $700 today! an inexpensive way to get to and Still, I was plenty blessed that Purcell from work. Sales were brisk into Christmas morning. I got a neonthe early 1900s. green Huffy spyder bike, a color But as America prospered — as the au- that made it one of the cooler bikes in my tomobile became the chief mode of travel neighborhood. I loved it – but it got sto— bike sales plummeted. Sales wouldn’t len when my sister, Kris, left it unlocked grow again until millions of baby boomer outside a department store. kids were living in wide-open suburbs. My dad found me a used Murray fiveSchwinn was the first bike maker to tap speed that was even better. I polished it that youth market. every day, and rode the wheels off of it exIn the 1950s, the standard bike design was ploring and discovering the outside world. the cruiser, a gargantuan, fender-covered Childhood has changed since then. With machine built for adults. There was only adults so often structuring and monitorone gear (slow) and you braked by revers- ing activities, kids who ride today likely ing the pedals and pressing down hard. ride with adults. And just last year, The In the early 1960s, however, Schwinn Washington Post reported on industry designer Al Fritz had an idea, reports Bike research showing significant declines in Magazine. He’d heard about a new youth children’s bike riding and bike sales. trend centered in California: retrofitting But now, pent-up energy from panbicycles with drag-racing motorcycle ac- demic lockdowns is causing bike sales to coutrements. “Choppers” – custom motor- explode. Let’s hope that means more of cycles with long handlebars – were all the today’s children will put down their elecrage. Fritz introduced chopper elements tronics, pedal long and hard with warm into his new design. summer air whipping through their hair, The Schwinn Sting-Ray was born. and experience what bikes have long repIt had smaller, 20-inch tires – with flat resented for kids, according to the Ameriracing treads – and high handlebars and can Academy of Pediatrics: “a source of a banana seat. Every kid had to have one. pride and a symbol of independence and And every manufacturer began making freedom.” bikes just like it – a style we referred to as the “spyder” bike. Tom Purcell is a Pittsburgh Tribune-Review I got my first spyder bike for Christmas humor columnist. Send comments to Tom at Tom@TomPurcell.com. 1970, when I was 8: a red Murray one-speed

SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS: EmAil: letters@gwinnettdailypost.com mAil: 725 Old Norcross Road Lawrenceville, Georgia, 30046 the gwinnett daily post encourages letters to the editor on topics of general interest, but reserves the right to edit them for content and length. letters should be no longer than 400 words and must include the writer’s name, address and daytime phone number for verification purposes.

COLUMNIST|CAL THOMAS

P

Toxic in Tulsa

resident Trump’s speech Saturday ering the price for two new presidennight in Tulsa, Okla., was a toxic tial jets? Don’t we know about the other stream of consciousness that ig- stuff, too, such as closing the borders to nored a great opportunity to speak words travelers from China? And why the racial of healing and unity to a divided nation. slur about the “Kung Flu virus”? Did he His remarks, which lasted nearly two think that cute? hours, were full of self-justifications A president running for a second and salted with crude language. term must stake out his vision for He called one person “a son of a the next four years. Other than a bitch.” Let’s hear his evangelical list of “twenty-five” judges from supporters defend that language, which he promises to choose for along with his frequent references federal benches, including the Suto “hell” and “helluva.” preme Court, there was nothing in I have heard all the explanahis remarks about what he would tions. It’s who he is. His policies accomplish in a second term. Thomas are more important. He’s God’s Political attacks are always part chosen instrument. of any campaign, but this presiIf you endured it (I made it through dent makes it more about personality and one hour and 45 tortuous minutes), you less about policy differences with Demoheard him take 30 minutes to talk about crats. There are plenty of things to critihis commencement address at West Point. cize about what a Biden administration He rightly called out some in the media would do. The president referenced his for claiming he appeared to be sick be- view of a Biden presidency in passing, cause of the way he held his water glass mentioning stricter gun laws and higher after saluting “600, or nearly 600” ca- taxes, and then bragged about the oncedets. He added the reason he held the strong economy, promising it will be the glass with two hands was so he wouldn’t best in history in 2021, presuming he is spill any water on his silk tie, which he around to take credit for it. said was “expensive.” This president should take a lesson Then he demonstrated how he slowly from Ronald Reagan, who frequently walked down a ramp after the address referred to Democrats as “our friends because he said the bottoms of his shoes on the other side.” He never diminished were slippery, as was the ramp, and if he their value but instead argued why the had fallen the media would have been ideas of conservatives and Republicans all over him. are better. How does any of this matter? He made This is what all but the angry mob as many, or more, first-person references wants to hear. It’s not about him, it’s as President Obama often did for which about us — we, the people, not you the Trump and others criticized him. president. The presidency is an honor I was embarrassed for him and for his and privilege that has been granted to smaller-than-predicted audience, which only 45 men in our history. With great worshipfully, but I sensed a little less en- privilege comes great responsibility. We thusiastically, applauded. are better than this. We deserve better Yes, many of those “one million” ticket than this. requesters (according to the Trump camOne of the definitions of toxic is: “causpaign) were probably reluctant to show up ing unpleasant feelings; harmful or mabecause of what some consider nonstop licious.” That describes Trump’s Tulsa media scare tactics about the coronavi- speech. rus and the dire warnings from health The president’s speech doesn’t make officials about mass gatherings. Anoth- Joe Biden more appealing. His remarks, er factor may have been the president’s though, were unappealing, unattractive predictability. We’ve heard versions of and in the future unwatchable. this speech before. How many more times must we hear Readers may email Cal Thomas at caeditors@tribpub.com. about his jaw-boning Boeing into low-


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BILL From A1 passed into law, providing Confederate monuments with even more protections than they had already. Georgia has done a better job protecting these racist statues than it has protecting the lives of its citizens.” The bill was filed in the House Hopper on June 16 and has been assigned to the House Governmental Affairs Committee. The committee met Monday and Tuesday, but did not take the bill up. There has been an increasing backlash against Confederate symbols in light of the ongoing protests over violence against African-Americans. NASCAR has banned the flying of the Confederate flag at its races, and a Confederate monument that stood in Decatur was removed last week. A petition was also launched Friday calling on Gwinnett County leaders to remove a Confederate monument that was erected in 1993 on the grounds of the Gwinnett County Historic Courthouse on the Lawrenceville Square. The historic courthouse grounds is a county-owned park site, and the monument is less than 10 yards away from the site of a 1911 lynching of an AfricanAmerican man. There also been calls to remove the statue of Gov. John B. Gordon from grounds of the state Capitol. The New Georgia Encyclopedia, which is a joint project of the University System of Georgia and the governor’s office states Gordon was “generally acknowledged as the head of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia.” Arguments against allowing the monuments to continue standing include assertions that Confederate symbols are racist symbols and that people who fought for Confederacy had taken up arms against the United States. Proponents of the monuments have argued that they are a way of remembering southern heritage, but Hutchinson took umbrage at that argument. “It is unconscionable that 155 years after the Civil War ended, some in our state’s government still cannot decide which side should be glorified,” Hutchinson said. “The Confederacy is not some lost cause to be admired and honored. It was a shameful chapter in our history where Georgia took up arms against the United States and defended the ownership of fellow human beings. “The excuse that we need these monuments and statues to ‘remember history’ has worn thin. If the only reason people remember the Civil War is because of grandiose statues, then we clearly need to be allocating more of our budget to education.” Since Senate Bill 77 was

passed into law last year, there have been two high-profile, racially charged cases involving the deaths of AfricanAmerican men in Georgia. They are among a series of deaths of African-Americans around the nation this year that have prompted protests across the U.S. “Right now, this nation and this state are experiencing a long overdue demand for racial justice,” Hutchin-

son said. “There have been peaceful protests all across America — including dozens in Georgia — opening many people’s eyes to the injustices that African Americans have experienced at the hands of our own government. “At many of these peaceful marches and rallies, advocates of racial equality stand in the shadows of statues glorifying the Confederacy and those who fought for slavery.”

Hutchinson’s co-sponsors on the bill include three other members of Gwinnett County’s legislative delegation: Reps. Dar’shun Kendrick, DLithonia; Karen Bennett, DStone Mountain; and Gregg Kennard, D-Lawrenceville. Other co-sponsors on the bill include: Reps. James Beverly, D-Macon; Kim Schofield, D-Atlanta; and Derrick Jackson, D-Tyrone. The bill faces an uphill

battle since it was filed late in the 2020 legislative session, which only has about a week left. If the bill isn’t passed by both chambers of the General Assembly before the session ends, it will have to be re-filed in January, when the 2021-2022 legislative term begins. “Confederate statues are not about history or heritage,” Hutchinson said. “They are symbols. Their display on

state property symbolizes that we, as the state of Georgia, are willing to glorify the movement that fought for slavery and honor those who committed treason against the United States. “While removing them will not erase 400 years of systemic oppression, it will send a message that Georgia no longer glorifies a shameful chapter of our past. It is time to take them down.”

GWINNETT COUNTY FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 Over time net position serves as a useful indicator of a government’s financial position. In the case of Gwinnett County, assets and deferred outflows of resources exceeded liabilities and deferred inflows of resources by $7,235,926,000 at the close of the most recent fiscal year. This represents an increase of $278,872,000, or 4.0 percent, from fiscal year 2018. Gwinnett County’s Net Position (in thousands) Governmental Activities 2019 Current and other assets

$

Capital assets Total assets

Business-Type Activities

2018

1,388,655

$

2019

1,328,506

$

Total Primary Government

2018

530,135

$

2019

545,130

$

1,918,790

2018 $

1,873,636

2,638,056

2,529,253

3,998,752

3,840,147

6,636,808

6,369,400

4,026,711

3,857,759

4,528,887

4,385,277

8,555,598

8,243,036

62,640

92,829

14,394

25,284

47,034

118,113

489,462

547,793

616,112

696,922

1,105,574

1,244,715

70,914

59,498

103,220

99,882

174,134

159,380

560,376

607,291

719,332

796,804

1,279,708

1,404,095

73,206

13,792

86,998

— 5,661,530

Deferred outflows of resources Long-term liabilities outstanding Other liabilities Total liabilities Deferred inflows of resources Net position:

2,493,968

2,420,755

3,463,383

3,240,775

5,957,351

Restricted

Net investment in capital assets

755,674

764,072

25,869

27,355

781,543

791,427

Unrestricted

176,127

158,470

320,905

345,627

497,032

504,097

Total net position

$

3,425,769

$

3,343,297

$

3,810,157

$

3,613,757

$

7,235,926

$

6,957,054

By far the largest portion of the County’s net position (82.3 percent) at December 31, 2019, reflects its investment in capital assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, and equipment), less any related outstanding debt used to acquire those assets. The County uses these capital assets to provide services to residents; consequently, these assets are not available for future spending. Although the County’s investment in capital assets is reported net of related debt, it should be noted that the resources needed to repay this debt must be provided from other sources, since the capital assets themselves are not planned to be used to liquidate these liabilities. An additional portion of the County’s net position (10.8 percent) represents resources that are subject to external restrictions on how they may be used. The remaining balance of unrestricted net position ($497,032,000) may be used to meet the government’s ongoing obligations to residents and creditors. At the end of the current fiscal year, the County is able to report positive balances in all three categories of net position, for the government as a whole, as well as for its separate governmental and business-type activities. Growth in net position is an indication that the County’s financial position has improved over 2018. Gwinnett County’s Changes In Net Position (in thousands) Governmental Activities 2019 2018

Revenues Program revenues: Charges for services Operating grants and contributions Capital grants and contributions General revenues: Property taxes Sales taxes Other taxes Investment income Other Total revenues

$

110,012 9,388 44,781

$

Business-type Activities 2019 2018

104,016 10,572 38,019

$

415,730 6,852 86,633

$

Total Primary Government 2019 2018

394,259 7,623 70,672

$

525,742 16,240 131,414

$

498,275 18,195 108,691

485,073 172,255 87,980 18,908 7,986 936,383

446,359 162,436 80,968 12,028 9,462 863,860

— — — 12,211 — 521,426

— — — 8,315 — 480,869

485,073 172,255 87,980 31,119 7,986 1,457,809

446,359 162,436 80,968 20,343 9,462 1,344,729

50,778 313,878 189,966 124,018 16,044 99,407 30,647 3,981 6,868 104 — — — — — — 835,691

46,360 287,516 181,372 110,798 14,838 91,666 23,110 3,707 4,571 169 — — — — — — 764,107

— — — — — — — — — — 254,803 1,645 3,253 38,079 22,954 22,512 343,246

— — — — — — — — — — 239,520 1,753 405 43,170 28,095 21,826 334,769

50,778 313,878 189,966 124,018 16,044 99,407 30,647 3,981 6,868 104 254,803 1,645 3,253 38,079 22,954 22,512 1,178,937

46,360 287,516 181,372 110,798 14,838 91,666 23,110 3,707 4,571 169 239,520 1,753 405 43,170 28,095 21,826 1,098,876

178,180 18,220 196,400 3,613,757 3,810,157

146,100 19,621 165,721 3,448,036 $ 3,613,757

278,872 — 278,872 6,957,054 7,235,926

245,853 — 245,853 6,711,201 6,957,054

Expenses General government Public safety Judiciary Public works Health and welfare Culture and recreation Housing and development Tourism Development authority Interest on long-term debt Water and sewer Airport Economic development Solid waste Stormwater Transit Total expenses Increase in net position before transfers Transfers Increase in net position after transfers Net position – January 1 Net position – December 31

100,692 (18,220) 82,472 3,343,297 $ 3,425,769

99,753 (19,621) 80,132 3,263,165 $ 3,343,297

$

$

$

GWINNETT COUNTY SALES TAX FUND Projects Constructed With Special Sales Tax Proceeds Year ended December 31, 2019 Estimated/ Actual Sales Tax Collections

Estimated/ Actual Other Collections

Tier I Original Estimated Cost**

Tier II Original Estimated Cost***

Estimated/ Actual Other Collections

Total Collections*

Current Estimated Cost****

10,269,805 127,977,570 53,983,820 300,925,353 73,460,510 104,856,900

575,023 5,249,267 2,834,275 120,803,502 9,941,631 -

10,844,828 133,226,837 56,818,095 421,728,855 83,402,141 104,856,900

$

10,805,294 134,650,588 55,127,780 316,616,230 78,961,765 122,598,160

(535,489) (6,673,018) (1,143,960) (15,690,877) (5,501,255) (17,741,260)

575,023 5,249,267 2,834,275 120,803,502 9,941,631 -

10,844,828 133,226,837 56,818,095 421,728,855 83,402,141 104,856,900

$

3,177,517 124,150,157 53,561,497 378,038,266 19,560,777 104,856,900

$ 671,473,958

139,403,698

810,877,656

$ 718,759,817

(47,285,859)

139,403,698

810,877,656

10,268,963 5,134,479 25,672,403 61,613,770 213,006,294 31,754,928 92,917,862

129,935 695,709 1,334,845 2,552,646 69,153,309 -

10,398,898 5,830,188 27,007,248 64,166,416 282,159,603 31,754,928 92,917,862

$

618,703 309,351 1,546,757 3,712,216 12,833,583 6,754,928 (2,665,138)

129,935 695,709 1,334,845 2,552,646 69,153,309 -

$ 440,368,699

73,866,444

514,235,143

$ 417,258,299

23,110,400

$

20,200,500 10,100,700 93,981,389 3,154,230 47,137,500 60,606,000 407,371,911 30,845,770 201,780,000

165,229 81,615 1,449,457 387,202 7,200,688 26,637,452 2,709,258 6,679,208

20,365,729 10,182,315 95,430,846 3,154,230 47,524,702 67,806,688 434,009,363 33,555,028 208,459,208

$

20,200,500 10,100,700 93,981,389 3,154,230 47,137,500 60,606,000 407,371,911 30,845,770 201,780,000

$ 875,178,000

45,310,109

920,488,109

$ 875,178,000

Project

Prior years

Expenditures Current year

Total

Funded

On Schedule

981,292 3,015,926 1,955,752 16,634,175 19,460,042 -

4,158,809 127,166,083 55,517,249 394,672,441 39,020,819 104,856,900

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

$ 683,345,114

42,047,187

725,392,301

10,398,898 5,830,188 27,007,248 64,166,416 282,159,603 31,754,928 92,917,862

$

395,801 5,042,649 22,342,258 52,767,842 132,646,756 15,077,616 92,917,837

5,934 159,214 995,979 4,145,413 41,942,405 3,265,026 -

401,735 5,201,863 23,338,237 56,913,255 174,589,161 18,342,642 92,917,837

73,866,444

514,235,143

$ 321,190,759

50,513,971

371,704,730

-

165,229 81,615 1,449,457 387,202 7,200,688 26,637,452 2,709,258 6,679,208

20,365,729 10,182,315 95,430,846 3,154,230 47,524,702 67,806,688 434,009,363 33,555,028 208,459,208

$

3,417 3,070 6,326,015 958,319 62,775 517,038 46,487,145 869,035 59,513,187

6,530 662,821 10,019,446 218,516 5,900,864 3,792,483 48,905,507 3,724,651 36,587,047

9,947 665,891 16,345,461 1,176,835 5,963,639 4,309,521 95,392,652 4,593,686 96,100,234

-

45,310,109

920,488,109

$ 114,740,001

109,817,865

224,557,866

Estimated Completion Date

Actual Completion Cost

2009 Sales Tax Libraries Parks and Recreation Public Safety Transportation Courthouse Cities Share Total 2009 Sales Tax

$

2020

$

2020 2020 2020 2020

104,856,900

$ 104,856,900

2014 Sales Tax Libraries Senior Services Facilities Parks and Recreation Public Safety Transportation Transportation/City County Shared Cities Share Total 2014 Sales Tax

$

9,650,260 4,825,128 24,125,646 57,901,554 200,172,711 25,000,000 95,583,000

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2020

$

92,917,837

$

92,917,837

$

-

$

-

2020 2020 2020 2021 2021

2017 Sales Tax Libraries Senior Services Facilities Parks and Recreation Parks and Rec/City County Shared Public Safety Civic Center Expansion Transportation Transportation/City County Shared Cities Share Total 2017 Sales Tax

In compliance with O.C.G.A. 48-8-122 Notes: * Total Collections is the sum of Estimated/Actual Sales Tax Collections and Estimated/Actual Other Collections. ** Tier I Original Estimated Cost is the amount of sales tax collections budgeted for each category at the beginning of the Program. *** Tier II Original Estimated Cost are sales tax collections budgeted after the start of the Program as a result of actual collections. **** Current Estimated Cost is the sum of Tier I Original Estimated Cost, Tier II Original Estimated Cost, and Estimated/Actual Other Collections.

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2022 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023




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