SINDHI INDLATH (Articles on Sindhis) by Akhand Sindhu Sansar

ys[kd th okfDQ+;r iwjks ukyks %

jes'kpanz lksHkjktey yqgk.kk :?kok.kh

tue

1 twu 1953] xka/kh/kke ¼dPN] xqtjkr½

rbyhe

,e-,llh- ¼1977½ ,sa ,e-fQy ¼1990½

flU/kh bUMyfB

dsesLVªh lCtsDV esa xqtjkr ;qfuoflZVh ¼vgenkckn½ eka is'kks

¼1½ fMlsEcj 1977 [kka oBh fMlsEcj 1980 rkb± xka/kh/kke 'kgj ts vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; esa gk;j lsdUMjh lsD'ku esa vflLVUV Vhpj ¼2½ fMlsEcj 1980 [kka osUns twu 2015 ¼fjVk;esZUV½ rkb± vkfniqj esa rksyk.kh dksyst vkWQ vkVZ~l ,UM lk;Ul esa ifgjha ysDpjj] iksb vslksfl,V izksQ+slj] gsM vkWQ fMikVZesUV ,sa iNkM+hv tks okbl fizUlhikyA

fdrkc

¼1½ vaxzst+hv esa jlk;u 'kkL«k rs Vªs fdrkc¼2½ flU/khv eka xqtjkrhv esa rqjtqes tk Vªs dgk.kh etewvk ¼3½ nsoukxjh flU/khv esa ^flU/kh 'kf[l;rwa ¼fMlsEcj 2012½ ¼4½ xqtjkrh esa ^flU/kq lfjrk* ¼vizsy 2019½ ¼5½ MkW- ts=Bks ykyok.khv ts ianzgfu ¼15½ fdrkcu rs rudhnh eT+ewa tks fdrkc ^ÑfrRo* ¼izsl esa vkgs½

ljxjfe;wa %

¼1½ dPN ft+yk ts Hkqt= 'kgj eka fudjanM+ jkst+kuh v[kckj ^dPN fe«k* lka 1994 [kka tqfM+;y i«kdkj ,sa dkyfeLV ^flU/kq lfjrk* muoku lka Ngksa dkye tuojh 2013 [kka 'kq: fFkvyq vkgsA gsyrkb± dqy feyk, 500 [kka o/khd ys[k 'kk;v fFkvy vkfgfuA ¼2½ vgenkckn eka fudjanM+ fla/kh jkst+kuh v[k+ckj ^fgUnq*v lka dqq>q lky tqfM+;y jfg;qlA ¼3½ ^vky bfUM;k jsfM;ks* Hkqt rka dgk.kh;wa ,sa ys[k czksMdkLVA flU/kh ekgokj] jlkyfu esa fc dq>q eT+ewa 'kk;v fFk;y vkfgfuA

ekt+h rbyheh ljxjfe;wa % ¼1½ xqtjkr ;qfuoflZVh esa cksMZ vkWQ LVMht+ esa lnL;A ¼2½ dPN ;qfuoflZVhv esa cksMZ vkWQ LVMht+ ¼jlk;u½ tks v/;{k ,sa lsusV esEcj] ,dsMsfed dkmfUly esEcj] dsfeLVªh fo"k; esa ,e,llh- dkslZ 'kq: djkbZUnM+ Q+kmUMj izksQ+sljA

jes'k yqgk.kk :?kok.kh

flU/kh bUMyfB

SINDHI INDLATH (Articles on Sindhis)

¼flfU/k;qfu lka okcLrk et+ewu½

Author Prof. Ramesh Luhana Rughwani

118, Tulip Tower, L & T Serene county Urdu University Road, Telecom Nagar Gachibowli, HYDERABAD-500032 Mob. 9428473370 Price : Rs. 250 First Edition : October 2020 © with the author ISBN : 978-81-946020-2-6

ys[kd+

izksQs+lj jes'k yqgk.kk ^:?kok.kh*

flU/kh bUMyfB ¼flfU/k;qfu lka okcLrk et+ewu½ ys[kd

izksQs+lj jes'k yqgk.kk ^:?kok.kh* 118] rqyhi Vkoj] ,y ,aM Vh lsjsus dkmUVh mnwZ ;qfuoflZVh jksM] Vsyhdke uxj xphckoyh & gSnjkckn & 500032

Akhand Sindhu Sansar Publisher

37, Sant KanwarRam Nagar

Berasia Road, Bhopal-462100 (M.P.) (India) Mob. : 9893040175

eks- 9428473370 vf/kdkj % ys[kd ds ikl ewYg % 250 :Nkiks ifgfj;ksa % vkDVkscj 2020 vkbZ,lch,u % 978&81&946020&2&6

E-mail : akhandsindhusansar@gmail.com

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ys[kd ikjka flU/kh fQ+Yewafu [kka oBh flU/kh [kk/kk&ihrk] flU/kh rokjh[k] tfgM+k ?k.ksbZ ekStw+a vkfgfu ftu th t=k.k flU/kh ;qok ih<+hv [ks [k+kl

ys[kd ikjka---

ukgsA vt=q th ;qok Vgh flU/kh Hkk"kk ,sa ld+kQ+r [kka p³ks ijs gyh obZ vkgsA flU/kh;qfu [ks iafgath laLÑfr ,sa iafgats olhg nk;js th dq>q t=k.k feys] bu M=l esa fgÅ eqafgth ua<M+h dksf'k'k vkgsA nsoukxjh fyihv esa fy[k.k tks fc ed+lnq bgks bZ vkgs r vt=q th Vgh vjch fyfiv lka ?k.kh okdqQ+ ukgsA flU/kh Hkk"kk th i<+kbZv tk bnkjk gqvabZ

fc ?kfVtUnk fi;k o¥uA nsoukxjh fyfi r Ldwyfu esa

ik<+h osUnh vkgsA vt=q tk ;qok ys[kd fc vjch u ij nsoukxjhv tks ojrko dfu FkkA nsoukxjh flU/khv th vlwydh fyfi vkgs bva ?k.ksbZ fo}ku ef¥fu FkkA eqlyekufu th gdwer ts djs vjch fyfi flU/kh;qfu eFkka Fkih obZ gqbZ bgk r lfHkfu [ks [k+cj vkgsA fgu fdrkc tks muoku ^flU/kh bUMyfB* jf[k;ks vFkeqA bUMyfB esa vge rkSj lr jax gwank vkfgfuA fgu fdrkc esa tsds 12 ckc vkfgfu] mgs flU/kh;qfu lka tqfM+;y tqnk tqnk ekeyfu rs vkfgfuA gj fgd ckc tks jax vyx=q vkgsA budjs eka bUMyfB y¶+t+ j[k.k lgh lfef>;ksA flfU/k;r ckcr fgdq fdrkc i/kjks dj.k th eqafgath use gqbZA pSIVlZ fc djhcu~ fy[kh ojrk gq;eA ghavj eka fgfr gSnjkckn esa vkfg;ka] eFkka ojh dksjksuk ts djs yksdMkmu th gkyr vkgsA fdrkc Nikb.k ykb eka dks izsl okjs th ryk'k d;ka fi;ksA r eqafgath t=.kq Hkx=oku c=q/kh ojrh] rkjh[k+ r id ;kfn dksUgs] ij 'kk;n ebZ efgus ts fop /kkjs Jh Kkupan ykyok.khv th Q+ksu vkbZA eqafgatks fgd ys[k gqufu jktLFkku vdknehv ts lkfy;kus jlkys esa if<+;ks gqvksA ys[kq ^flU/kh fQ+Yeh xhr x=kbUnM+ xS+j

¼1½ Hkkjr ts tksM+td esa fla/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥krk

05&10

¼2½ flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs esa vaxzst+fu tks gFkq

11&18

¼3½ flU/kh vkSjrqfu tks ckyhoqM rs jkt=q

19&26

¼4½ dkfe;kc flU/kh ukjh jru

27&32

¼5½ dPN rs [kkstuk danM+ flU/kh fo}ku

33&40

¼6½ flU/k] flU/kh ,sa xka/khth

41&58

¼7½ flU/kh veynkj

59&64

¼8½ flU/kh csys tk Q+udkj

65&72

¼9½ flU/kh fQ+Yeh xhr x=kbZUnM+ xS+j flU/kh

73&86

¼10½ ?k.k&t+ckuh flU/kh vnkdkjkÅa

87&94

¼11½ flU/kh Hkk"kk ts cpko ykb jkseu fyih

95&100

¼12½ flU/kh;qfu rs Viky fVdfy;wa

101&108

flU/kh xqyksdkjfu* rs gqvksA fgd fc=;s lka Q+ksu rs x=kfYgk;ks lhaA [k+cj ibZ r gw ^v[kaM fla/kw lalkj* laLFkk gykbUnk vkfgfu ,sa muts lk;s gsfB flU/kh fdrkc fc 'kk;k dank vkfgfuA eka eqafgats fdrkc th x=kfYg dbZ ekfu r ;dne gk d;Åa ,sa cl iksb Nk! eka eqafgatk bgs 12 et+eaw] dq> jhjkbV djs] dseLdsu djs] okWVl,i rs eksdys fM=uk ekfu ,sa cl mu tks urhtks rOgkats lkEgw vkgsA ewa[ks ;d+hu vkgs r t=k.k lka Hkfj;yq fgÅ fdrkcq ikBdfu [ks o.kanks ,sa gw eqafgath gkSlyk vQ+tkbZ t+:j dankA eka Jh ykyok.khv tks 'kqØxqt+kj vkfg;ka tks eqa[ks fgeFkk;kb±A vlkatks bgks laca/k 'kky v¥k fc vfx=;ka o/kanksA

& jes'k yqgk.kk 3

Hkkjr ts tksM+td esa fla/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥krk

fl;klr ts fygkt [kka ghavj Hkkjr [ks 22 jkT;fu ,sa M=g [kfu ;qfu;u VsjhVksjht+ esa rd+lhe d;ks fo;ks vkgsA tafgatks eq[; vk/kkj r Hkk"kk vkgsA Hkkjr eas flQZ c= bZ ,fgfM+;wa c=ksyh;wa fc vkfgfu] ftuts x=kYgkb±nM+fu ykb dks /kkj lwcks ;k izkar ;k jkT; vkgs bZ dksuA bgs c= Hkk"kkÅa vkfgfu flU/kh ,sa laLÑr! vkt+knhv [kka iksb Hkkjr esa Hkk"kkmfu ts

M=gha vizsy 1967 tks M=hagqa jqx=ks Hkkjr bZ u ij] lewjh nqfu;k esa

fygkt [kka tqnk&tqnk izkar ;k jkT;fu th jpuk dbZ

obZ gqbZ rM=afga fc

jganM+ flU/kh;qfu ts fl;klrh] vnch rksM+s ld+kQ+rh ut+fj;s lka Mk<h

fla/kh izkar foghu Hkk"kk gqbZ ,sa lt=s t=x esa Q+fgfy;y Hkk"kk gqbZ ,sa vt=q fc

vgfe;r okjks ,sa ukt+q vrk danM+q M=hagqa gqvks] Nkdk.k r fgu M=hagqa rs flU/kh

vkt+knhv ts 72 lkyfu [kka iksb fc gkyrqfu esa dks Qsjks u vk;ks vkgsA

Hkk"kk [ks Hkkjr twa fc=;u 14gafu

Hkk"kkmfu ts cjkcj lafo/kku th vBha

eqLrdfcy th [k+cj r dafga[ks fc ukgsA gk.ks ds lkekftd vx=qoku /kkj

lwfpv esa jk"VªHkk"kk tks ekuokjks nt+ksZ fM=uks fo;ks gqvksA mu oD+r ts

fla/kh izkar ykb lqtkx=q fFk;k vkfgfu ,sa ^fgUn esa flU/k* cjik dj.k ykb

jk"Vªifr MkW- jk/kk fØ'uu ljdkjh fo/ks;d rs iafgath lgh dbZ gqbZ ,sa bva

ljxje Fkh;k c vkfgfu] ij bUgfu [ks dkfe;kch feyanh ;k u] daMa=fga

lka/kfg lksjgfu lkyfu [kka gyanM+ flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥rk fM=;.k okjh

feyanh] dq> fc uFkks pbZ lf?ktsA v¥ka rkb± r /kkj flU/kh Vh-oh- psuy th

rgjhd tks vatke vkanks gqvksA mgks M=hagqa eFkka ojh fla/kh tkfrv tks ^uvksa

?kqj fc gok esa yfVfd;y vkgsA

lky* ;kfu ^psVªhpaMª* tks fc M=hagqa gqvksA

vt=ksdh rkjh[k+ esa dqyq 22 Hkk"kkmfu [ks Hkkjr ts lafo/kku esa tksx=h

>wysyky lkb± flU/kh laLÑfr ,sa fla/kh ,drk tks izrhd vkgsA

tx=gq fefy;y vkgsA lu~ 2003 esa tksM+ td esa d;y 92 gha nqjLrh esa

>wysyky [ks mM=sjksyky] yky lkb±] nqygq lkb±] vejyky] >wy.kq]

c=ksM+ks] eSfFkyh] Mksaxjh ,sa laFkkyh c=ksfy;qfu [ks e¥rk fM=uh obZ vkgsA c=ksM+ks

nfj;kyky ,sa ftUnihj tfgM+fu ukyfu lka fi.k lq¥krks ,sa lfM=;ks osanks

vle th] eSfFkyh fcgkj th] Mkasxjh t+=eq&d'ehj th ,sa laFkkyh NksVk

vkgsA >wysyky flU/kh;qfu tks b"Vnso ,sa iwt=uh; nsoq vkgsA gj lky

ukxiqj izkarfu twa cksfy;wa vkfgfuA fgufu tkfr;qfu [ks /kkj izkar vkfguA

mUgfu tks tue M=hagqa psVªhpaMª ts :i eas efygk;ks osanks vkgsA bgks 1959 esa

budjs bUgfu th iafgath /kkj c=ksyh fc vkgsA ij fla/kh tkrhv tks Nk \

vf[ky Hkkjr fla/kh c=ksyh ,sa lkfgr lHkk ikjka rb d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgu

fojgk³s cSfn rd+jhcu 13 y[k flU/kh ek.gw flU/k eka yfM= iyk.k djs

M=hagq [ks flU/kh;r M=hagqa djs fc ysf[k;ks osanks vkgsA

Hkkjr esa vk;k gqvkA

eryc r psVªhpaMª tks M=hagq fla/kh;qfu tks uvksa lky] >wysyky tks tue M=hagqa ,sa fla/kh;r tks M=hagqa bva fgdqq ifo«k f«kos.kh laxe vkgsA egkjk"Vª ts yksdekU; fryd thva ejkfB;qfu [ks x.ks'k Hkxoku ts ukys fgd fNfr gsfB vk.ks fgd /kkx=s esa iks;ks] rhva flU/kh;qfu ts c[kZ vnhc] 'kk;j ,sa xqyksdkj izksQ+slj jke iatok.khv flU/kh;qfu [ks x=a<.k ykb >wysyky tks vy[k tkx=k;ksA gqu >wysyky [ks tkx`fr ,sa ,drk th ewjr Bkgs fla/kh tkrhv esa uvksa :g Qwfd;ks gqvksA ,sa fla/k eka yfM= iyk.k

1991 esa fFk;y vkne'kqekjhv th x=f.ki eqftcq Hkkjr esa flU/kh x=kYgkb±nM+ ek.gwfu tks rknkn 21 y[k 22 gt+kj 8 lkS iatkgq ;kfu 0-253 lSdM+ks gqvksA lky 2001 esa flU/kh;qfu th vkcknh 25 y[kfu [kka o/khd gqbZA tafga fglkc lka vkne 'kqekjh o/ks ibZ] mu fglkc lka vanktq c=f/kts r vt=q Hkkjr esa flU/kh;qfu th vkcknh 40 y[kfu ts d+jhc r vkgsA lewjh nqfu;k esa vQ+x+kfuLrku [kka osans ft+EckCos rkb± 150 eqYdfu esa fla/kh ek.gw jfg;k fi;k vkfgfuA

djs Hkkjr esa vk;y flU/kh;qfu [ks iqjq"kkFkhZ c.kk;s] ft+Unxhv ts jkg rs

26oha tuojh 1950 rs Hkkjr ts tksM+td [ks cgky d;ks fo;ks

vfx=;ka gy.k th izsj.kk fM=uh gqbZA ^tsdks poanks >wysyky] rafgatk Fkhank

rM=afga muesa 14 Hkk"kkmfu [ks ekr`Hkk"kk tks njt+ks vrk d;ks fo;ks gqvksA

c=sM+kikj* ,sa fc=;ks ^vk;ksyky] lHksbZ pvks >wysyky* tfgM+k vkleku [ks

fla/kh Hkk"kk [ks mu oD+r lafo/kku esa 'kkfey u d;ks fo;ks gqvks] Nkdk.k r

NqganM+ cqyan ukjk Bkgs djs izks- iatok.khv flU/kh tkrhv esa vkRefo'okl]

flU/kh vx=qoku mu oD+r ,gM+h dkbZ ?kqj u djs lf?k;k gqvkA ek.gw vVs]

J)k] vk'kk] mRlkg ,sa tks'k th tksfr tkx=k, NM=h gqbZA vtq= fc bgk

yVs ,sa v>s ts pdj esa QkFkk fi;k gqvkA fla/k esa jganM+ iatkfc;qfu [ks

tksfr jks'ku vkgs ,sa jganhA

fojgk³s cbn Hkkjr esa tqnk izkar ;kfu t+ehu feyh gqbZA flU/kh bUMyfB & 05

flU/kh bUMyfB & 06

iatkc tk c= HkkSxksfyd Vqdj d;k fo;k gqvk rafgaeka fgdq fgLlks

cSBdwa fFkafn;wa jfg;wa ij dks urhtks u fi;s fudrksA fgu gypy esa Jh ,e-

Hkkjr [ks fM=uks fo;ks gqvks ,sa fc=;ks Vqdjq uvsa Bfg;y ikfdLrku [ks

;q- eydk.kh] ,y-,p- vtok.kh] izks- iatok.kh] xksfcUn ekYgh] dhjr

fefy;ksA ij flU/kh iztk ,fgM+s fl;klrh Q+k;ns [kka okaf>;y dbZ obZ

c=kc=k.kh] ,-ts- mÙke] eksgu xsgk.kh] MkW- eksrh izdk'k] eksgu dYiuk] izks-

gqbZA vt=q fc gkyrwa bva bZ vkfgfuA flU/k tks fgdq ua<ks Vqdjq ;k dq>

iksiVh ghjkuank.kh] dyk izdk'k ,sa fc=;fu ?k.ksbZ vnhcfu ljxje cfgjks

ft+yk Hkkjr [ks fM=;.k ts cnjka lewjh flU/k ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey dbZ

ojrks gqvksA mu oDr ts lHkuh fl;klrh ikVhZ;qfu fc bUghv x=kfYg th

obZA flfU/k;qfu vkt+knhv th osnhv rs flU/k [ks dq+jcku djs NfM=;ksA eqa<

iqfB HkjkbZ fc dbZ gqbZA ^fgUnoklh* v[k+ckj esa rk- 20oha tuojh 1957 rs

esa fgdq ohpkj t+:j d;ks fo;ks gqvks r flU/k lka yx=anM+ jktLFkku ,sa

yNe.k fugkypank.khv ^gk.ks fnYyh tkx=h vkgs* muoku lka fgdq

xqtjkr ts ljgn tk tslyesj] ckM+esj ,sa dPN ft+yfu th dq> t+ehu

vkfVZdy fy[kh djs flU/kh;qfu [ks yydkj fM=uks gqvksA fguts urhts rkSj

fla/kh;qfu [ks fM=uh o¥s] ij [k+cj ukgs r bgks ohpkj fc dhva gok esa xqe Fkh

lu~ 1959 esa ukxiqj esa fFk;y fgd lEesyu esa fgd ed++Zt+h laLFkk ^vf[ky

fo;ks ,sa Hkkjr esa fla/kh iztk dks fgd ,jk;thv esa jg.k ts cnjka lt=s

Hkkjr flU/kh c=ksyh ,sa lkfgR; lHkk* cjik dbZ obZ ,sa flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥rk

Hkkjr esa fVM+h if[kM+th obZA dq> lkyfu cbn flU/kh;qfu [ks iafgath Hkk"kk

feys bu ykb lathnxhv lka lHkq ljxeZ fFk;kA

,sa laLÑfrv ts x+k;c Fkh o¥.k tks [k+rjks yx=ksA Hkk"kk oafgokj tks fgdq

Jh t;jkenkl nkSyrjke buykb pf³;wa dksf'k'kqa ojfr;qa gq;waA gqu

ekSf[kd t+fj;ks vkgs ,sa fgd tkrhv ts ftUng jg.k tks vkn'kqZ fu'kkuq

flU/kh Hkk"kk th e¥rk tks fo/ks;d ¼fcyq½ eat+wj djkb.k ykb M=k<h QwfrZ ,sa

vkgsA oru flU/k r dq+jcku djs vk;klha] gk.ks Nk Hkk"kk [ks fc gFkfu [kka

rjd+hc lka deq d;ks gqvksA

o¥.k fM=ts] bgks lksps djs mu oD+r tk rjDdh ilan vnhc] fo}ku ,sa

1965 esa Jherh bfUnjk xka/kh lwpuk ,ssa izlkj.k ea«kh gqvkA mu

rbyhenkufu fgu vU;k;h yydkj tks eqd+kcyks dj.k rb d;ks ,sa

oD+r bfUnjkthv t;jkenkl [ks flU/kh Hkk"kk th e¥rk ykb eqagq tq+ckuh

flU/kh t+cku [ks Hkkjr ts lafo/kku esa tksx=h tkb fM=;k.k twa dksf'k'kwa 'kqjq

eat+wjh fM=uh gqbZA 1966 esa bfUnjkth ot+hjs vkt+e cf.k;k r mgks [+okc

d;waA

gd+hd+r esa rcnhy fFkv.k yx=ksA vycÙkk] ot+hjs rbyhe eqgEen djhe tuojh 1949 esa izks- ea?kkjke eydk.kh ts lnji.ks gsfB ^flU/kh

pkx+yk ,sa ?kjq ot+hj xqytkjh yky uank [ks bgk x=kfYg eat+wj dku gqbZA

lkfgr eaMy* cjik d;ks fo;ksA fMlEcj 1951 esa eqacbZv esa dksBk;y fgu

t;jkenkl tk uank thvlka xgjk nksLrkuk rkyqdkr gqvk] ij rafga gqans

eaMy th ifgjha lkfy;kuh cSBd esa flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks lafo/kku esa e¥rk

fc vyk;s Nkts djs gw fgu x=kfYg ts cjf[kykQ+ Fkh chBks gksA ij iksbZ Jh

fey.k ?kqfjts ,fgM+ks izLrko ikl d;ks fo;ksA buts veyh dj.k ykb loZ

t;jke nkl gqu lka eqykdkrwa d;waA mUgfu [ks flU/kh Hkk"kk th vgfe;r

Jh xksfcUn ekYgh] xksfoan iatkch] ,-ts- mÙkepank.kh] fdjr c=kc=k.kh ,sa

le>k;kb±l] mu[kka iksb uank th lgefr fFk;k gqvkA

eksrh izdk'k tfgM+fu iatfu ;qok vnhcfu th dkesVh Bkgh osbZA rgjhd+

fMlEcj 29] 1966 ts M=haga rs fla/kh Hkk"kk ts fgu fcy ckcr

vfx=;ka o/k.k yxhA iatfu lkyfu [kka iksb Jh ykyflax gt+kjhflax

jkT;lHkk esa iqBHkjkbZ dans tu la?k ikVhZv ts vx=qoku Jh vVy fcgkjh

vtok.khv ts lnji.ks gsfB ojh fgd c=h laLFkk ^flU/kh c=ksyh lHkk* th

oktisbZv p;ks gqvks r] ^flU/k Hkys [klth obZ] ij flU/kh Hkk"kk fgfr Hkkjr

jpuk dbZ obZA flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥rk fM=;.k ykb Hkk"kkbZ dfe'uj [ks fgd

esa t+:j jganhA* gqu vfx=;ka p;ks r ^fgUnh eqafgath ekr`Hkk"kk vkgs] r flU/kh

nj[+okLr Hkh fM=uh osbZ gqbZA

eqafgath eklh&c=ksyh vkgs*A fcy rs jkT;lHkk esa loZlaefr feyh obZ iksb

fMlEcj 1956 esa nsgyh esa ^,f'k;kbZ ys[kd laesyu* dksBk;ks fo;ks

bu fcy [ks yksdlHkk esa vkanks fo;ksA ij fgfr fgd Vsduhdy oM+q iSnk

gqvks] tafgaes eqacbZ] nsgyh ,sa fc=;u 'kgjfu ts vnhcfu [ks fgd fc=;s ts

fFk;ksA yksdlHkk tks iatfu lkyfu tks eqíks iwjks fi;s fFk;ks] bu djs muth

os>ks vp.k tks ekSd+ks feY;ksA fgu ekSds+ tks Q+k;nks oBans MkW- pksbFkjke

vkf[k+jha cSBd [k+re fFkv.k rs gqbZA ;kjhgha Qjojh 1967 rs yksdlHkk twa

fxnok.khv lHkfu ys[kdfu lka flU/kh Hkk"kk th e¥rk ykb x=kfYg&c=ksfYg

pwaMq fFk;.k okfj;wa gq;waA budjs yksdlHkk th bejtUlh

dbZ ,sa lHkfu [ks lkFk fM=;.k yk; osurh dbZA bu flyflys esa dq>

fc eqefdu u Fkh lf?k;ksA [kS+j----

flU/kh vx=qokufu MkW- jktsUnz izlkn lka fc eqykd+kr dbZA mu[kka iksb fc flU/kh bUMyfB & 07

cSBd dksBkb.kq

pwafM;qfu [kka iksb 20oha ekpZ 1967 rs oD+rh ?kjq ot+hj ;'koarjko flU/kh bUMyfB & 08

pOgk.k lq/kkjks M=hanM+ fo/ks;d jktlHkk esa is'k d;ksA rk- pksFkha vizsy rs

FkhA ;qfuoflZVhv esa fc rbyhe tk ih,p-Mh- rkb± tk dkslZ 'kqjq d;k fo;k

fcy is'k fFk;ks ,sa flQZ+ v/k dykd esa izLrko ;kfu fo/ks;d cgky d;ks

vkfgu ,sa ?k.ksbZ fo}kufu flU/kh Hkk"kk rs ih,p-Mh- d;wa fc vkfgfuA vt=q dk;ns th ut+j esa r Hkkjr ts lafo/kku esa flU/kh Hkk"kk twa ikM+wa

fo;ksA 10gha vizsy psVhpaMª tks 'kqHk M=hagqa gqvks bu djs Jh t;jkenkl

et+cwr vkfgfu] ij ,rjks dkQh ukgsA fgdq r vaxzsth ,sa fc=;ks ed+kuh Hkk"kk

of/k esa of/k bu M=hagqa rkb± fcy cgky djk, fla/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥rk fM=;kj.k

xqtjkrh] ejkBh] fgUnh ox+Sjg ts laxfr ts djs flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks mM=bZ yx=h

ts gd+ esa gqvkA ,sa mUgfu bu yk; iqjtksj dksf'k'kwa ojfr;waA yksdlHkk esa

pqdh vkgsA

fcy ikl dj.k th rkjh[k+ lrha vizsy eqd+jj Fkh gqbZA buts djs ojh c=h

flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs] laj{k.k] izpkj ykb lewjs Hkkjr esa ?k.ksbZ

eqlhcr iSnk Fkh obZA mu fM=ag tqEeks gqvks] bu djs yksdlHkk th dkjokbZ

laLFkkÅa fc cjik d;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA mUgfu ts ikjka oD+r&c&oD+r

flQZ v/kq M=haga gy.kh gqbZA fgrs fc t;jkenkl iqBrs u fi;ksA lHkuh

lsfeukj ,sa vnch pVkHksVh;wa fc djk;wa o¥fu fFk;waA bgk lqBh ,sa lkjkgq

lnL;fu [ks le>kb.kh ,sa osurh djs mUgfu tks oslkgq gkfly d;kb±A

tksx=h x=kfYg r vkgsA Hkkjr ljdkj ts ekuo lalk/ku ea«kky; gsfB

'kke tk lk<s pb± rkb± fo/ks;d cgky djk;s ojrkb±A lafo/kku esa nqjLrhv

jk"Vªh; flU/kh Hkk"kk fodkl ifj"kn ¼NCPSL½ tfgM+h oM=h laLFkk cjik dbZ

lka ykx=kiks j[kanM+ dks fcy ,rjs ?kfV oDr esa cgky fFk;.k tks Hkkjrh;

obZ vkgsA muts ikjka flU/kh Hkk"kk ykb lfVZfQdsV dkslZ] fMIyksek dkslZ ,sa

laln ts rkjh[k+ esa bgks ifgfj;ksa felky gqvksA flU/kh Hkk"kk ykb] ekr`Hkk"kk

,MokULM fMIyksek dksflZl fc gyk;k o¥u FkkA bErgku fc ojrk osank

ykb fgd lkb±v th dksf'k'kqfu jax vkanks gqvksA

vkfguA ek.gwfu esa lanfu ekr`Hkk"kk ykb lqtkx=h fi.kq vkbZ vkgsA flU/kh

9 vizsy 1967 vkrZokj jkfr tks vBsa ox=s ckeqf'dy ,sa egsur lka d;y vx=q.ks vk;kstu eqftc ljdkjh izsl ikjka [k+kl lk, jaxokjs Fkqfygs ius rs fcy [ks ojh Nikjk, djs Jh t;jkenkl lnj@jk"Vªifr MkWjk/kkÑ"ufu ofV] mUgfu th eatwjh ,sa lgh djk;.k okLrs gkft+j Fkh fo;kA

fQYewa Bkfg.k ykb fc ?k.ksbZ flU/kh fuekZrk vfx=;ka vk;k vkfgfuA ,rjks dq> gwans ;k dans fc ?kqfjcy urhtk uFkk feyfuA vt=q ?k.ksbZ flU/kh bLdwy vaxzst+h bLdwyfu esa rcnhy Fkh fo;k vkfgfu ,sa rbyheh bnkjfu eka flU/kh fo"k; th gDyiVh

dbZ ibZ o¥sA

jk"Vªifr fi.kq t;jkenkl th osurh tks ekuq j[kans] fla/kh tkrhv th

Hkkjr ts lafo/kku tks flU/kh Hkk"kk esa rjtweks fc d;ks fo;ks vkgsA

HkykbZv ykb fcy rs eat+wjhv th eqgj yx=k, NM=h ,sa bva 10gha vizsy

Hkkjrh; lunh lsok ¼IAS½ ts bErgku ykb fc flU/khv [ks e¥rk fefy;y

1967 ts M=hagqa flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks ekuokjks njt+ks vrk djs fc=;fu Hkk"kkmfu lka

vkgsA iks;afu lrfu lkyfu [kka y[kukSth ^flU/k osYQ+s;j lkslk;Vh* bu

xM=q jk"Vªh; izokg esa feyk, NfM=;ksA lfHkuh flU/kh;qfu Hkkjr ljdkj th

fM=l esa ljxeZ vkgsA

vkft;ka dbZ] 'kqØjkuk vnk d;kA >wysyky lkb±v th t;&t; dkj d;kÅa ,sa dM=afga fc u efygk;ks fo;ks gqts] ,rjh meax ,sa tks'k lka mu lky psVhpaMª tks fM=agqa oM=hv /kke/kwe lka eYgk;ks fo;ksA fgd fc=;s tk eqag feBk d;k fo;kA ok/kk;wafu th M=s ofB dbZ obZA

flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ys[kdfu [ks vdknfe;qfu ikjka gj lky use lka bukeks&vdjke] xkSjo iqjLdkj] ;qok xkSjo iqjLdkj] ykbQ+ Vkbe vphoesUV vokMZ M=bZ mUgfu th vkft;ka dbZ o¥s FkhA vkne 'kqekjh o/k.k lka xM=ksxM=q vnhcfu tks 'kqekj fc of/k;ks vkgs] ij ikBdfu ts

bu[kka iksb jsfM;ks nsgyhv rka fla/kh dk;ZØe ulj dj.k ykb

rknkn esa [k+kfl bt+kQ+ks dksu fFk;ks vkgsA flU/kh ekyh lrg rs r p³k

Vkbe eqdjj d;ks fo;ksA Jh xqykc ehjpank.khv jsfM;ks rka flU/khv esa

'kkgwdkj Fkh fo;k vkfgu] ij ekr`Hkk"kk ts fodkl ts ut+fj;s lka flU/kh

[k+cjqa is'kq dj.kq 'kqjq d;ksA flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs ykb ljdkj jqi;k fgdq

lekt vt=q fc x+jhc bZ ysf[kcksA

djksM+ /kkj jf[k;kA KkuihB iqjLdkj ykbZ fc flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks e¥rk fM=uh osbZA fQ+Ye rksM+s nwjn'kZu rka fc flU/kh Hkk"kk ,sa vnc ts ok/kkjs tk jLrk [kqyh fo;kA ghavj xqtjkr] jktLFkku] e/;izns'k] egkjk"Vª ,sa nsgyhv esa fla/kh lkfgr vdkneh;wa 'kqjq d;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA vnhcfu [ks gj lky vokMZ fc fM=uk o¥u FkkA fdrkc Nikb.k ykb ekyh enn fc fM=uh o¥s flU/kh bUMyfB & 09

flU/kh bUMyfB & 10

flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs esa vaxzst+fu tks gFkq

tqnk c=ksyh;qfu ts x=kYgkb±nM+ lekt rs oM=k midkj d;k gqvfuA ij loky vkgs r mgks deq mUgfu Nk ykb d;ks gqvks \ bu tks lcc bva yx=s Fkks r tsdj jS;r rs gdwer dj.kh vkgs r mUgfu th t+cku esa ofgaokj dj.kq t+:jh Fkh ioanks vkgsA lu~ 1843 esa vaxzst flU/k rs dkfct fFk;k gqvkA mUgfu [ks yx=ks r tsdj flU/kh Hkk"kk tks fodkl d;ks

dks fc Hkk"kk ts cqfu;knh ok/kkjs esa mu Hkk"kk ts xzkej vsa mu Hkk"kk ts 'kCndks"k ¼yqx+r½ th ,gfe;r dafga fc ut+fj;s lka NM=s uFkh lf?ktsA fgu ckcr lgh uewus fdrkc rS;kj dj.kq lpipq M=k<ks M=qf[k;ks deq vkgsA x=kYgkb.k&c=ksYgkb.k rksM+s i<+kbZ dj.k lka ek.gwv ts 'kCn Kku esa bt+kQ+ks Fkhanks vkgsA rbyheh bnkjfu esa fo|kFkhZ xzkej r fl[kank bZ vkfgfuA Hkk"kk ,sa vnc ts ok/kkjs ykb fgu c= cqfu;knh bLefu rs flU/kh vnhcfu ,sa egd+d+fu fc p³h egsur dbZ vkgs ,sa mulka okcLrk fdrkc fc 'kk;v d;k fo;k vkfgfu ij tsdk egsur x+Sj flU/kh ,sa muesa fc ojh dks vaxzsth fo}ku dbZ gqts ,sa fdrkc fyf[k;k gqtfu r t+:j vtc fFk;s FkksA gqufu lHkfu fo}kufu [ks lyke dj.k rs fny fFk;s FkhA vt=q [kka rdjhcu 150 lky vx=q dq> fons'kh fo}kufu flU/kh Hkk"kk tks xgjkbZv lka vfHk;klq d;ks gqvksA flU/kh x=kYgkb±nM+fu ek.gwfu lka eqykd+krwa djs] mUgfu oVka t=k.k gkfly djs ,sa laiknu djs xzkej tk fdrkc tksfM+;k gqvk ,sa 'kCn dks"k fc rS;kj d;k gqvfuA mgks deq okd+bZ lkjkg tksx=ks vkgsA mu t+ekus esa ukscsy buke dksu gqvk] u r vnc ts [ksrj tk bgs oM=k buke bUgfu eqgd+d+fu bZ feyfu gkA ftu iatfu ijMs=gh fo}kufu flU/kh Hkk"kk ts fodkl esa bgks cs'kfderh ;ksxnkuq

fM=uks

vkgs] mUgfu tk ukyk vkfgfu & ¼1½ dsIVu T;kstZ LVsd ¼2½ MkW- vusZLV VªEi ¼3½ tksgu csvkel ¼4½ Mks- fxzvjlu ¼5½ lj gsujh ÝsjsA fgufu [kkstfudfu ts ikjka rS;kj d;y flU/kh xzkej ts fdrkcfu ,sa fMD'kusfj;qfu flU/kh vnch nqfu;k [ks ekykeky djs NfM=;ks vkgsA u jqx=ks ,rjks] ij mUgfu ts [kkstukmfu flU/kh ys[kdfu ,sa rgdhdr danM+fu ykb izsj.kk th fgd jks'ku feukj ft;ka deq d;ks vkgs ,sa fgd e;kjh ekSrcj t=k.k tk ofgdM+k c.kth fi;k vkfguA vt=q [kka 150 lky vx=q okjs t+ekus esa vkenjQ+r ,sa VsfyQ+ksu ox+Sjg tk olhyk ?k.kks egnwn gqvkA ,fgM+s vkS[ks les esa x=ksfBM+fu esa o¥.kq] mrka ts ek.gwfu lka eqykdkrq dj.kq] fQ+YM odZ dj.kq tks tsdks M=qf[k;ks deq gqufu d;ks lks lkjkg tksx=ks r vkgs ,sa vtc Hkfj;ks fc vkgsA mUgfu :x=ks flU/kh bZ u ij fgUnqLrku esa x=kYgkb±tnM+ mu oD+r twa fc=;fu cksfy;qfu ckcr fc [kkstuk dbZ gqbZ ,sa fdrkc 'kk;v djs tqnk flU/kh bUMyfB & 11

o¥s ,sa c=ksyhv [ks e;kjh c.kkbZ o¥s r mUgfu [ks bZ gdwer dj.k esa lgqykbZ Fkhanh ,sa Q+kbnks fc FkhanksA vpks r fgufu vaxszt fo}kufu ,sa flU/kh Hkk"kk ykb mUgfu tsds dksf'k'kq ojfr;wa] mu tks tk;t+ks oBqa] mu [kka voy flU/kh Hkk"kk th rkjh[k+ rs ut+j 'kuklh d;waA bva ef¥;ks o¥s Fkks r flU/kh c=ksyh iat gt+kj lky d+nhe c=ksyh vkgsA oD+r c oD+r flU/kh c=ksyhv rs laLÑr] Q+kjlh] ;qukuh] vjch ,sa vaxzsth c=ksyh;qqfu tks vlj fi;ks vkgsA HkaHkksj& flU/k esa [kksVªkbZv ts urhtrfu tsds eqgj ,sa 'kS;wa gFkq yfx=;qa vkfgfu] mUgfu ts vfHk;kl eka bgks lkfcr fFk;ks vkgs r lu~ 712 ;kfu vjcfu flU/k rs d+fctks d;ks mu [kka vx=q flU/k esa flU/kh c=ksyh x=kYgkbZ osanh gqbZA flU/kh c=ksyh tqnk&tqnk fyfi;qfu t+fj, fy[kch gqbZA vaxzstfu veynkjfu [ks gqdwer dj.k esa lgwfy;r fFk;s bu djs lu~ 1851 esa flU/k ts mu oD+r ts dfe'uj lj gsujh ckVZy ,MoMZ Ýsjs fgdq Q+jeku tkjh d;ks ,sa lHkfu ljdkjh eqykft+efu ykb flU/kh c=ksyhv th t=k.k j[k.kq ykteh c.kk, NfM=;ks gqvksA bu ykb flU/kh c=ksyhv tks bErgku ikl dj.kq ykt+eh d;ks fo;ksA bu gkyr esa flU/khv ykb fgd fyih gqv.k th ?kqfjt eglwl FkhA dSIVu fjpkMZ cVZu bu ykb vjch fyih j[k.k rs t+ksj fM=uks r fc=;s ikls T;kstZ LVsd] tsdks ik.k fc flU/khv tks t=k.kq gks ,sa [k+Sj[okg gqvks] mu nsoukxjh fyihv th rjQ+nkjh dbZ gqbZA lu~ 1853 esa vflLVUV dfe'uj ,sa rbyhe [kkrs ts oM=s veynkj ts lk;s gsfB fgd dkesVh tksM+h obZ] tafgaesa fc=Ugfu etgcfu ts uqekbanfu [ks fgd tsrjh vgfe;r fM=uh obZ gqbZA bZLV bfUM;k dEiuh vjch fyihv th rjQ+nkj gqbZ ,sa mu oD+r dEiuhv bu de ykb M=gfu gt+kjfu jqi;fu th ekyh enn fM=;.k fc d+cwfy;ks gqvksA eqlyekufu ts ncko gsfB vph usfB vaxzst+fu flU/khv ykb vjch fyfiv rs eatw+jhv th eqgj yx=k;s NM=hA fgu dkesVhv tqykbZ 1853 esa vjchv tk 29 v[kj ,sa ckd+h Q+kjlh v[kj pwafM;kA mUgfu esa t+js?kfV rCnhyh;wa djs] fla/kh Hkk"kk tk lHksbZ mPpkj lekbth o¥fu ,gM+hv rjhds+ dqyq 52 v[kjfu okjh

flU/kh bUMyfB & 12

vkbosVk rS;kj djs flU/kh;qfu ts eFks rs t+cjnLrhv lka e<+s NfM=;kÅaA

fyfiv esa fy[kank gqvkA dsIVu LVsd nsoukxjhv tks rjQ+nkj gqvksA gqu

fyfi eqd+jj fFkv.k [kka iksb flU/kh Hkk"kk ts rbyhe ykb rbyheh

ts jk;s ewftcq flU/kh laLÑr ?kjkus th Hkk"kk gqbZ] bu djs flU/kh Hkk"kk ykb

bnkjk [kksfy;k fo;kA tqnk&tqnk flyscl tksfM+;k fo;kA eqa< esa r

vjch fyfi csesy gqbZA gqu ljdkj [ks nsoukxjh fyihv ykb ikjr

Q+kjlh] mnwZ] ejkBh ,sa xqtjkrh fdrkcfu tk rjtqek d;k fo;k gqvk ,sa

¼flQ+kfj'k½ dbZ gqbZ] ij eqlyekufu th ?k.kkbZv djs ,sa mUgfu ts ncko

bva rbyhe fM=;.k ts de t+ksj [ka;ksA

gsfB vph usfB fjpMZ cVZu ts po.k rs 1853 bZ- esa bZLV bfUM;k daiuhv

vaxzst+ gkfd+efu ikjka fgd fyih eqd+jj fFkv.k lka fc=;wa fyfi;wa can

ljdkjh dedkj ykb vjch fyfi orkZo esa vk.k.k tks Q+Slyks d;ksA fgu

Fkh fo;waA flU/kh Hkk"kk ,sa lkfgr th fgd ub± fn'kk [kqyh obZA ur r

Q+Slys tks flU/kh fgUnqfu fojks/k ¼eq[k+kfyQ+r½ d;ks] r iksbZ fc=Ugh;qfu

mu[kka vx=q ek.gw xqjqeq[kh] gfVok.kdh] nsoukxjh oxS+jg fyfi;wa de

fyfi;qfu esa njlh fdrkc rS;kj djk;k fo;k ,sa Ldwy fc 'kqjq d;k fo;kA

vk.khank gqvkA fgd fyfi eqdjj fFkv.k lka vnc fy[k.k esa lgwfy;r Fkh

eryc r 1853 bZ- esa fyih eqdjj fFkv.k csbn flU/kh vnc tks uvksa

obZ ,sa jQ+rkj fc o/kh obZA vnc ts tqnk&tqnk lUQ+wfu rs flU/khv esa

t+ekuks 'kqjq fFk;ksA

fdrkc 'kk;v dj.k th izsj.kk feyhA flU/khv [ks bUrt+keh Hkk"kkk tks

lky 2001 bZ- esa fgu fdrkc tks ^xwxy* ¼bUVjusV dEiuh½ ikjka

nt+ksZ fefy;ks] iksb dsIVu T;kstZ c= 'kCn&dks'k rS;kj d;k r lb±] ij gqu

fMftVkbts+'ku fi.k d;ks fo;ks vkgsA T;kstZ LVsd iafgats fgu fdrkc ts

bu ykb nsoukxjh fyfiv tks ojrkm d;ks gqvksA fgu de ykb gqu

iNkM+hv esa iat vk[kkf.k;qa fi.k fM=fu;wa vkfgfuA bg yksd dgkf.k;wa

iafMr czãkuan ,sa gSnjkckn ¼flU/k½ ts lrfpr vkuan ukys fo}kufu th

flU/kh ulqj tk lHk [kka iafgjha 'kk;k fFk;yq :i vkfgfuA mgs dgkf.k;wa

enn ojrh gqbZA 1849 esa gqu ^xzkej vkQ+ fla/kh ysaXost* fc 'kk;v djk;ks

nsoukxjh fyfiv esa vkfgfuA

gqvksA vpks r fgufu vaxzstfu [kkstfudfu th Fkksjs esa t=k.k oBwaA

¼1½ fl;k.kks dkt+h ,sa c= foM+anM+ vkSjrwa ¼2½ fgd cq=<h ekbZ ,sa mutk c= nksLr ¼3½ p;ksZ Nksdjks ¼4½ jktdqekj veqy ekf.kd ,as jktdqekjh gqlsuh

¼1½ dsIVu T;ktZ LVsd ¼Cap. George Stack½ %

¼5½ jk; fM=;kp-

712 bZ- esa vjcfu flU/k eFkka dkg dbZ ,sa bLykeh etgc th

flU/kh vkbfoVk] vyadkj] flQ+r] vax@'kqekjh] y¶+t Q+kbyh ¼loZuke½]

gqdwer dk;e d;kÅaA mUgfu th gqdw+er 1843 bZ- esa [k+re FkhA 1843 bZ-

ftUl] Q+ky ¼fØ;k½] t+Q+Z ¼fØ;k fo'ks"k.k½ ,sa xa=f<;y v[kjfu] e'rd+q

esa flU/k vaxzstfu th gqdwer gsfB vkbZA bu fop esa 1130 lkyfu ts vjls

y¶+t+ ¼MsfjosfVOt+½ ckcr p³h olh t=k.k fM=uh obZ vkgsA 'kCndks"k th

esa flU/kh ek.gwfu ts ft+anxhv esa ?k.kkbZ Qsjk vph pqdk gqvkA flU/k rs

jpuk ykb dsIVu LVsd flU/khv ykb dks vjch] ikjlh ;k jkseu fyfi u]

jkt=q gykb.k ykb fczVh'k gqdw+er ikjka uqekbank eksfdfy;k osank gqvk ,sa

ij flQZ nsoukxjh fyih d+rc vkanh vkgsA bueka bZ t+kfgj fFk;s Fkks r

mu jhr eqrkfcd lu~ 1843 esa dsIVu T;kstZ LVsd [ks flU/k twa okx=wa

flU/kh Hkk"kk th vlqyksdh fyih nsoukxjh bZ vkgsA vaxzst+h y¶+t+ jkseu

fM=fu;wa fo;wa gq;waA gqu [ks gSnjkckn flU/k tks fMIVh dysDVj djs

fyihv esa fyf[k;y vkfgfuA

LVsd ts fgu fdrkc esa dqyq M=g ckc ¼psIVlZ½ vkfgfuA mUgfu esa

eksfdfy;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgfr vp.k cSbn gqu laLÑr] fgUnh ,sa flU/kh Hkk"kkmfu tks xgjks vH;kl d;ksA tqnk&tqnk ntZfu ts ek.gwfu lka

¼2½ vusZLV VªEi ¼Ernest Trumpp½ %

xfM=th gqufu oVka Hkk"kk ckcr t=k.k gkfly d;kb±A rM=afga flU/kh Hkk"kk flU/k izkar th ljdkjh Hkk"kk gqbZA ljdkjh eqykt+efu [ks flU/kh fl[k.k

MkDVj VªEi fgdq teZu Hkk"kk'kkL«kh gqvksA ,Dysfl;kfLVdy

okLrs gqu Vªs fdrkc rS;kj djk;kA 1849 bZ- esa lHk [kka voy nsoukxjh

fe'ku lkslk;Vhv ts uqekb±ns rkSj 1854 bZ- esa fgd /keZ&izpkjd ts :i esa

fyihv esa gqu flU/kh xzkej tks fdrkc 'kk;k d;ksA mu bZ lky ^vaxzst+hv

gqu [ks Hkkjr eksfdfy;ks fo;ks gqvksA Hkkjr th Hkk"kkmfu tks vH;klq djs ,sa

eka flU/kh* ,as vfx=;ka o¥h 1855 bZ- esa ^flU/khv eka vaxzsth* muokufu lka c=

fØ'ph;u /keZ tk mins'k M=hanM+ Hkkjr esa ojrko djs l?kfu ,fgM+ks

'kCn dks'k fc rS;kj djk;kA mu oDr flU/khv ykb fc=Ughfu fyfi;qfu tks

O;kdj.k@xzkej ,sa 'kCnkofy rS;kj dj.k tks deq [ksfl lksafi;ks fo;ks

ojrko d;ks osanks gksA flU/kh eqlyeku vjsfcd ,sa flU/kh fgUnw nsoukxjh

gqvksA ek.gwfu lka tsdj mUgfu th t+cku esa x=kYgkbts r mgk ckcr p³h

flU/kh bUMyfB & 13

flU/kh bUMyfB & 14

vljkbrh lkfcrq Fkhanh vkgsA flU/k izkar esa bZlkb /keZ tks Qfgyko dj.kks

¼3½ tku csvkel ¼John Beames½ %

gqts r flU/kh c=ksyhv esa bZ x=kYgkbcksA bu djs flU/kh c=ksyh fl[k.kh ioanhA bva lksps djs Jheku VªEi flU/kh c=ksyh fl[k.k M=ka jq[k d;ks ij mutks urhtks fudrks flU/kh Hkk"kk tks fodklA

baXysUM ts xzhuohp 'kgj esa tku tks tueq 21gha twu 1837 rs fFk;ks gqvksA gqu fczfV'k gqdwer okjs Hkkjr esa fgd veynkj rkSj iafgatks

ifgjha r MkW- VªEi [ks djkph eksfdfy;ks fo;ksA mrs gqu flU/kh

Q+tZq fuckfg;ks gqvksA mu nkSjku gqu Hkkjr th c=ksfy;qfu ,sa rokjh[k+ tks

fl[kh orhZ r iksb cnyh djs mUgfu [ks is'kkoj eksfd+fy;ks fo;ks] ftrs gqu

vH;kl d;ks gqvksA ,sa dq> fdrkc fc tksfM+;kb±A 1859 bZ- [kka 1861 bZ- l-

lkfgc i'rks Hkk"kk tks fc Kku izkIr d;ksA 1860 bZ- esa gw teZuh eksVh

nkSjku gqu iatkc esa ,sa iksb bZ-l- 1861 [kka osUns 1893 rkb± caxky esa

fo;ksA ojh gqu [ks ykgksj lM=q djk;ks fo;ksA ,sa fl[k /keZ ts xzaFk ts rjtqes

dysdVj rkSj 'ksokÅa fM=fu;waA Jheku tku Hkkjr th tnhn vk;Z

tks de fefy;qfu tsdks gqu ck[k+wchv iwjks d;ksA 1871 bZ- esa gw oqVZEcxZ

c=ksfy;qfu ts xzkej tks r d+kcyh vH;kl d;ks gqvks ,sa 1872] 1875 msa

fo;ksA 1874 bZ- esa gqu [ks E;qfud ;qfuoflZVhv eas vksfj,UVy Hkk"kkÅa

1879 bZ-l- esa dqy feyk, Vªs fdrkc 'kk;k djk;kb±A fgu [k+kstuk esa gqu u

i<+kb.k ykb izksQ+slj eqdjj d;ks fo;ksA flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs esa lfHkuh

jqx=ks flU/kh ij fgUnh] iatkch] xqtjkrh] ejkBh] mfM+;k ,sa caxkyh t+ckufu

[kka oM=h 'ksok ;k pvks r bt+kQks gqts r mgks vkgs ^'kkg tks fjlkyks* th

[ks fc 'kkfey d;ks gqvksA ekpZ 1893 esa fjVk;j d;kb± ,sa ifgats eknjs

b'kk;rA lj vusZLV VªEi 'kkg vCnqy yrhQ+ fHkVkbZv ts dykefu [ks

oru eksVh fo;ksA rkjh[k 25 ebZ 1902 ts M=haga gqu ges'kk ykb vf[k;wa c=qVs

¼jpukmfu½ lfgM+s 1866 bZ- esa jlkys th 'kDy esa teZuhv ts 'kgj

NfM=;waA

fyift+x eka flU/khv th vjch&ijlks fyfiv esa 'kk;k djs flU/kh vnch tx=r rs fgd M=k<h oM=h egsjckuh djs NM=hA

¼4½ lj T;kstZ vczkge fxzvlZu ¼Sir George Abraham Grierson½

1872 bZ- esa gqu flU/kh xzkej tks fdrkc ^flU/kh vYQ+kcsV ,sa xzkej* 'kk;k d;ksA lj VªEi gqva r flU/k ts voke [ks bZlkb c.kkb.k ykb vk;ks

lanfl tueq MCyhu izkar ts Xysukfxvjhv esa lrha tuojh 1851

gqvks] ij dsrjk flU/kh ,sa iatkch bZlkb cf.k;k bgk r [k+cj ukgs] ij fgd

rs fFk;ks gqvksA gwa fgdq veynkj ,sa Hkk"kk'kkL«kh gqvksA caxky ,sa fcgkj esa

x=kfYg r fcYdqy lkQ+ ,sa fpVªh vkgs r VªEi ts gFkka flU/kh vnch [ksrj

jgans lanfl uksdjhv njE;ku mu Hkkjr ts c=ksfy;qfu ,sa yksd vnc tks

tks r p³ks Hkyks Fkh fo;ksA flU/kh vnc th uhao iq[+rk c.kth ibZ buesa dks

vH;kl d;ks gqvksA ?k.ksbZ [kkstukRed isilZ fyf[k;k gqvkb± ,sa fdrkc fc

'kdq ukgsA

tksfM+;k gqvkb±A gqu rdjhcu Vªhgfu lkyfu rkb± Hkk"kk ckcr [kkstuk dbZ

MkW- VªEi tk fdrkc fc=;fu vH;kl danM+fu ykb t=k.k ,sa izsj.kk tk

gqbZA tqnk&tqnk [ks«kjfu ts ek.gwfu lka xM=th mUgfu th c=ksfy;qfu tk

p'ek t+:j c.kth fi;kA MkW- VªEi ts fdrkcfu esa flU/kh fy[k.k ykb

nLrkost+ rS;kj d;k gqvkA fjdkfM±x fi.k dbZ gqvkb±A gqu fgd&c= u] ij

nsoukxjh fyfiv tks bLreky d;ks fo;ks vkgsA MkW- VªEi flU/kh Hkk"kk

vtc th x=kfYg vkgs tks 179 c=ksfy;qfu ,sa mu lka okcLrk 544 fc=;u

ckcr iafgats fdrkc esa fyf[k;ks vkgs r] ^flU/kh fgd 'kq) laLÑr okjh

c=ksfy;qfu rs [kkstuk dbZ gqbZA fgufu 544 c=ksfy;qfu [ks fxzvjlu eq[;

Hkk"kkk vkgsA mgk fons'kh Hkk"kkmfu ts vukfljfu [kka vkt+kn vkgs ,sa mÙkj

:i lka iatfu vge Hkk"kkmfu gsfB fojgk;ks gqvks ,sa mUgfu rs equflj

Hkkjr th fc=;fu Hkk"kkmfu [kka fc o/khd 'kq) Hkk"kk vkgs eryc r

^fyaXoLVhd losZ vkWQ bfUM;k* tk 19 xzaFk 'kk;k djk;kA buesa vBsa

dfe;qfu [kka vkt+kn vkgsA*

oksY;qe esa bUMks&vk;Zu Hkk"kkmfu rs jks'kuh fo/kh obZ vkgs] tafgaesa flU/kh

vusZLV VªEi ^flU/kh jhfMax cqd* 1858 bZ- esa ik.k 'kk;v d;ks gqvksA buesa dq> flU/kh et+ewu nsoukxjh rksM+s vjsfcd fc=fUgfu fyfi;qfu esa

Hkk"kk fc 'kkfey vkgsA flU/kh Hkk"kk ckcr fxzvjlu th [kkstuk flU/kh Hkk"kk th rkjh[k+ esa fgd ekby LVksu okaxqj vkgsA mueas flU/kh Hkk"kk th jpuk@cukoV]

fyf[k;y vkfgfuA VªEi tks tue 13 tqykbZ 1828 rs teZuhv ts oqVZEcxZ izkar ts x=ksB

fodkl ,sa mu th mi&Hkk"kkÅa ;kfu c=ksfy;qfu rs olhg jks'kuh fo/kh obZ

bYlQ+sM esa fFk;ks gqvks ,sa 5 vizsy 1905 rs gw E;qfud eka fgu nqfu;k [ks

vkgsA vke rkSj r bva ef¥;ks Fkks o¥s r flU/kh ,sa fc=;wa dq> Hkk"kkÅa laLÑr

vyfonk djs fo;k gqvkA

eka fudry vkfgfuA ij bgk x=kfYg lgh ukgsA fxzvjlu fy[ks Fkks r]

flU/kh bUMyfB & 15

flU/kh bUMyfB & 16

^bgk x=kfYg lgh vkgs r Hkkjr th Hkk"kkmfu esa laLÑr tk y¶+t+ feyfu

nkf[k+y dbZ obZA lj Ýsjs 19 ekpZ 1815 rs t=kvks gqvks ,sa 69 lkyfu th ft+Unxh

Fkk ij mu Hkk"kkmfu ts xzkej esa laLÑr Hkk"kk tks fgdq fc :i lek;yq

clj djs 29 gha ekpZ 1884 rs baXysUM ts foEcyMfu esa xqt+kjs fo;ks gqvksA

ukgsA* flU/kh ,sa fc=;fu fdfu Hkk"kkmfu esa y¶+t+fu ts iNkM+hv esa ^y*] ^c*] ^g*] ^t* tk orkZo fFk;fu FkkA ij laLÑr ,sa fgUnhv esa vfgM+ks iz;ksx uFkks

bufu iatfu vge veynkjfu ,sa [kkstuk danM+fu [kka flokb fc=;s

fFk,A ftva r flU/khv esa vk;yq] vk;y] vpcks] vkf.kck] vkf.kch] vfpts]

fc dq> ,fgM+k vaxzst gqvk ftfu flU/kh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs esa iafgatks lqfg.kks

vfptkab] vfptks oxS+jgq y¶+t+ vkfgu ij laLÑr ;k fgUnh esa ukfguA

;ksxnku fM=uks gqvksA

fxzvjlu

flU/kh

,sa

lHksbZ]

Hkkjrh;

c=ksfy;qfu

dq> fgu jhr vkfgu %

T;ksxzkfQ;kbZ ljgnwa eryc T;kxzkfQ;kbZ Vqdj fc M=s[kkfj;k vkfgfuA

¼1½ lu~ 1835 esa tsEl fizUllsi flU/kh xzkej rS;kj d;ks gqvksA

¼2½ lu~ 1836 esa lj jkcVZ fxjkUVs flU/kh Hkk"kk ts xzkej ,sa y¶+t+fu

[kkstuk

eqrkfcd

flU/k

esa

flU/kh

Hkk"kk

miHkk"kkmfu

¼Mk;kysDVl½ th fojgklr fgu jhr vkgs %

tks etewvks vaxzsthv esa is'k d;ks gqvksA ¼3½ McY;q- ,p- ok/ku ^xzkej ,UM okdsfc;qyjh vkQ+ flU/kh

¼1½ mrjknh] fljsyh % flU/k ts efFk;sa fgLls esa ¼2½ fopksyh % flU/k ts fopsa fgLls esa] lkfgr [ksrj esa

ysaXost* 'kk;k d;ks gqvksA ¼4½ lu~ 1843 esa ,LVksd ^oksdsC;qyjh vkQ+ flU/kh ysaXost* fdrkc

¼3½ ykM+h % ykfM+ ;kfu flU/k ts gsfB;s Vqdj esa ¼4½ Fkjh % flU/k ts Fkjikjdj ft+ys esa ¼5½ MkVdh] Fkkyh] Fkjsyh % Hkkjr ts tslyesj] ckM+esj ,sa tkyksj

fM=uhA ¼5½ lu~ 1858 esa fjoMZ 'kjV nsoukxjhv esa flU/kh ikBkoyh ,sa 1877 esa ^bafXy'k&flU/kh 'kCndks"k* rS;kj d;ks gqvksA

ft+yfu esa ¼6½ dPNh % Hkkjr ts dPN izkar@ft+ys esa ¼7½ ylh@yklh % ylcsyks ,sa dykr okjs fgLls esa

¼6½ lu~ 1884 esa ,y- Mh- bLeksj ^xzkej vkQ+ fn flU/kh ysaXost* 'kk;k djk;ks gqvksA

¼8½ fljk;dh % eqyrku ,sa cgkoyiqj esa rkjh[k 9 ekpZ 1941 rs baXysUM ts fdecyhZv esa fxzvjlu tks nsgkar fFk;ks] rM=afga gquth mez 90 lky gqbZA

¼5½ lj gsujh ckVZy Ýsjs (Sir Henry Bartle Frere) % bZ-l- 1851 [kka 1859 rkb± Ýsjs flU/k tks dfe'uj gqvksA lu~ 1834 esa gqu lunh bErgku ikl dbZ ,sa mu[kka iksbZ gqu[ksa 1835 esa iw.ks ts vflLVUV dysdVj tks vksgnks fM=uks fo;ks gqvksA 1842 esa eqacbZv ts lj T;kstZ vkFkZj tks [k+kuxh lfpo eqdjj fFk;ksA iksb vfx=;ka gyh flU/k tks dfe'uj cf.k;ksA lu~ 1851 esa gqu

flU/k esa if'kZ;u@Q+kjlh t+cku [ks

gVk;s flU/khv [ks ljdkjh Hkk"kk tks nt+ksZ vrk d;ksA ljdkjh dedkj ykb flU/khv esa veynkjfu ,sa DydZfu okLrs flU/kh fl[k.k ,sa bErgku ikl dj.k ykt+eh djs NfM=;kb±A jsosU;w] iqfyl ,sa rbyhe [k+krfu esa uksdjh oB.k ykb ^flU/kh Qkbuy*] bfErgku ikl dj.k tks flLVe vey esa vkanbZA lj Ýsjs bZ flU/khv ykb fgd fyih vjsfcd fyih eqdjj dbZ gqbZ] iksb fgUnw flfU/k;qfu xksM+q d;ks r vfx=;ka gyh nsoukxjh fyfi fc

flU/kh bUMyfB & 17

flU/kh bUMyfB & 18

flU/kh vkSjrqfu tks ckyhoqM rs jktq & ek.gwfu ts foanqj ykb flusek fgdq oM=ks t+fj;ks vkgsA flusek u :x=ks foanqj] ij dq>q flf[k;k fc M=hUnh vkgsA ?k.ksb± lkekftd cqjk;qfu [ks fc flusek mtkxj djs ek.gwfu esa lqt=kxh fc vk.ks FkhA Hkk"kk ,sa laLÑfrv ts Qfgyko tks lqfg.kks t+fj;ks fc flusek vkgsA gk.ks r Vsyhfot+u ,sa LekVZ eksckbZy Qksu tfgM+fu tnhn olhyfu ts djs foanqj ,sa flf[k;k tks bgks t+fj;ks p³ks olh Fkh fo;ks vkgs ,sa Qfgyth fo;ks vkgsA fQ+Yewa fc ?kf.k;qfu c=ksfy;qfu esa Bkfg;wa o¥u fFk;waA fgUnh Hkk"kk twa fQ+Yewa ?k.kks djs eqacbZ esa LVqfM;kst+ esa 'kwVhax djs rS;kj d;wa osUnh;wa vkfgfu] vycÙkk dq>q [k+kl 'kwfVax dj.k ykb fQ+Ye tk fuekZrk dykdkjfu [ks oBh fc=;u tx=gfu rs ;k Hkkjr [kka c=kfgj fc=;fu eqYdfu esa fc osank vkfgfuA eqacbZv th fQ+Ye bUMLVªhv [ks ckyhoqM ukyks fM=uks fo;ks vkgs] ij ckyhoqM dks [k+kl tx=g tks ukys dksUgsA

lksuk{kh flUgk tfgfM+;qfu vnkdkjkmfu ts ul esa flU/kq unhv tks ve`r ogs fi;ks FkksA

ckyhoqM eas enZfu ts HksV esa vkSjrqfu tks rknkn v/kq [kfu vkgsA ?k.ksbZ r ,fgM+h;wa vnkdkjkaÅ vkfgfu] ftu flQZ fgd ;k fc=u fQYeqafu esa bZ deq d;ks vkgsA

vpks r ckyhoqM esa fla/kh ukjh;qfu ts ;ksxnku rs ut+j lkuh d;waA

lok lks [kka M=s< lkS fla/kh efgykÅa ckyhoqM lka fgd ;k fc=;s uewus tqfM+;y vkfgfuA mUgfu eka 70 [kfu vkSjrwa r vnkdkjkmfu ts :i esa ;k r de djs pqfd;wa vkfgfu ;k de dfu fi;fu fFk;waA dq> r fgu nqfu;k eka pkyk.kks djs fo;wa vkfgfuA 'khyk jkek.kh] dqeqn Nqxk.kh] lk/kuk f'kolnklk.khv tfgfM+;wa vnkdkjkÅa gk.ks g;kr ukfgfuA iwue flUgk] laxhrk fctyk.kh] ;qDrk eq[kh] cchrk f'konklk.kh gk.ks mej ts fygkt [kka ckyhoqM eka Hkfy c=kfgj Fkh o;wa gqtfu] ij bUgfu tks fc dks t+ekuks gqvksA 1966 [kka 1973 ts vjls njE;ku cchrk 19 fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa

flusek ts fuekZ.k lka rdjhcu 25 lUQ+w tqfM+;y vkfgfuA thva r dgk.kh] iVdFkk] laokn ,sa xhr fy[k.k] xhru [ks ekSfld+hv tks tkeks ifgjkb.k] xhru [ks x=kb.k] ekSlhd+h rS;kj dj.k ykb lkthUnM+] fQ+Ye th fgnk;rdkjh dj.kq] QksVksxzkQh] fjdkfM±x dj.k] Lisf'k;y bQ+sDVl iSnk dj.k ,sa fc=;wa ?k.ksbZ rduhdh x=kfYg;wa gwfUn;wa vkfgfuA flusek rS;kj dj.kq dks fgd&fc=fu ek.gwfu tks deq ukgsA fgd fQ+Ye iqfB;ka 200&250 ek.gwfu th t+:jr ioanh vkgsA ckyhoqM esa f?kM+.k ykb dks tkfr ikfr ;k /keZ th ikcanh ukgsA tafga dykdkj esa dqor gwUnh vkgs] lks fgu olh [ksrj esa iafgatks eqdke Bkgs oBanks vkgsA ckyhoqM esa jqx=ks fgUnh Hkk"kh u ij ?k.ksbZ xSj fgUnh dykdkj fc ljxeZ vkfgfuA fl;k.kks flU/kh r dafga[kk fc ?kfV ukgsA ckyhoqM esa 'kq:v [kka oBh ?k.ksbZ flU/kh lkb± ljxje vkfgfuA ckyhoqM lka tqfM+;y flfU/k;qfu [ks fVªu Hkk³fu esa fojgk;s l?kts FkksA fgdq r fla/kh enZ] fc=;ks flU/kh vkSjrwa ,sa fVª;ka mgs fla/kh enZ ;k vkSjr tafga tks ihm ;k ekm fla/kh gqtsA vlha ,fgfM+;fu [ks v/kq flU/kh djs pbZ l?kwa Fkk ftva r dfj'ek diwjA fgu th ekm cchrk f'konklk.kh flfU/k;k.kh vkgs ij ihm j.k/khj diwj iatkch vkgsA erycq r cchrk] flU/kh bUMyfB & 19

vnkdkjhv tk tkSgj M=s[kkfj;k gqvkA

tafgats ukys lka eFks tk okj Bkfg.k th QS'ku gyh gqbZ mgk ukf;dk gqbZ lk/kuk f'konklk.khA lk/kuk] cchrk th lkSVqª gqbZ ,sa c=bZ Hksujqa ckyhoqM twa pksV twa vnkdkjqa lkfcr fFk;wa gq;waA 1960 esa ^yo bu f'keyk* lka gqu th fQ+Yeh ;k«kk 'kq: Fkh ,sa 1994 esa ^mYQ+r dh ubZ eaft+ysa* rs [k+Re FkhA bu njE;ku gqu 30 fQYeqafu esa vnkdkjh dbZA fgUnh fQYeqfu esa vp.k [kka vx=q 1958 esa lk/kuk flU/kh fQ+Ye ^vck.kk* esa 'khyk jkek.khv th ua<h Hks.k tks jksy d;ks gksA ij[k] ge nksuksa] ,d eqlkfQj ,d glhuk] vlyh ud+yh] jktdqekj] og dkSu Fkh] vkjtw+] bUrd+ke ox+Sjg fQ+Yeqfu r ckDl vkfQ+l [ks uk.ks lka Hkjs NfM=;ks gksA

laxhrk fctyk.kh 1988 [kka oBh 1997 rkb± ljxje jgh ,sa bu fop esa gqu 22 fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ] tafgaesa ^f«knso* fiDpj esa gqu th vnkdkjh lkjkg tksx=h gqbZA 1980 esa gqu ^fel bfUM;k* tks f[k+rkc gklqy d;ks gksA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 20

xqft+fj;y t+ekus th ghjksbu 'khyk jkek.khv 1952 [kka oBh 1962 rkb± ts M=gkds esa dqy 20 fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZA mu t+ekus ts

okluk] 'krZ] xqyke csxe ckn'kkg] ge'kdy] ca/ks gkFk] js'ke dh Mksjh fQYeqfu esa gqu th vnkdkjhv th p³h lkjkg dbZ obZ gqbZA

ed+cwy dykdkjfu nsokuan] xq:nÙk ox+Sjg lka xM=q gqu fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZA gqu th VsDlh Mªkboj] ukSdjh] jsYos IysVQkeZ]

izhfr >kafx;k.kh vfgM+h vnkdkjk vkgs] tafga lHk [kka o/khd

'kgt+knk] QaVw'k] eka&csVk tfgM+h;qfu fQYeqfu p³ks ukyks fc gkfly d;ks

Hkk"kkÅfu esa fQ+Yeaw d;wa vkfgfuA ,yvkslh&dkjfxy] lq[k] psgjk] tkus

,sa uk.kks fcA 1950 esa gqu ^fel f'keyk* tks f[krkc [kfV;ks gqvksA flU/kh

D;k gksxk] eqgCcrsa] uk rqe tkuks uk ge] ckt+ oxS+jg 22 fgUnh fQYeqqfu ,sa

fQ+Ye ^vck.kk* esa eq[; ukf;dk tks jksy d;ks gqvkb±A

iatkch] mfM+;k bva vB tqnk tqnk Hkk"kkÅafu twa dqy feyk, 38 fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjhv tk jax i[ksfM+;k vkfgfuA

vfurk ewjtk.kh] vfurk gklkuank.kh] vatuk lq[kok.kh] cchrk eydk.kh] pkanuh Hkx=okuk.kh] gafldk eksVok.kh] dkbjk vkM=ok.kh] fdVq fxnok.kh] fyysV nqcs] ehuk lq[kk.kh] uhrk fugkyk.kh] fu'kk ykyok.kh]

fgufu vnkdkjkÅafu eka dq> vnkdkjkÅafu r ekMy rkSj fc deq d;ks vkgsA

fiadh gjok.kh] izhfr cwVk.kh] jksfudk lktuk.kh] f'kYik ldyk.kh] 'osrk dslok.kh] reUuk HkkfV;k] ;kf'kdk dslok.kh tfgM+h;wa vnkdkjkÅa u,sa

bgk r Fkh mUgfu flaf/k;k.khv th x=kfYg] tsds n'kZdfu ts lkEgwa fQ+Ye ts iM+ns rs ut+j vpfu fFk;waA cksyhoqM esa dsrfj;wa ,gfM+;wa

t+ekus th lkSx+kr vkfgfuA

flfU/k;k.kh;wa fc ljxje vkfgfu] tsds iM+ns ts iqfB;ka jgfu fFk;waA fgm vfurk gklkuank.khv 10] vatuk lq[kok.khv 18] vkjrh Nkcfj;k

VªsUM u,sa t+ekus th nsu le>h osanh vkgsA bu ts iqfB;ka ub± rduhd]

18] fdj.k tqustk 12] fdVq ;kfu dkS'kfy;k 28] fyysV nqcs 30 [kfu

rbyhe tks Qfgyko ,sa ?kj [kka c=kfgj fudjh dq> uvksa djs M=s[kkj.k th

fgUnh fQYeqfu esa jksy d;k vkfgfuA fgUnh dykdkj 'k«kq?u flUgk th

vkSjr th [okfg'k ftesnkj vkgs bva pbZ lf?kts FkksA

t+ky iwue panhjkek.kh fc uoa fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa lanl lwag ,sa vnkdkjhv 15

tks tYoks M=s[kkjs pqdh vkgsA

[kfu

flaf/k;k.kh;qfu

,Dt+hD;qfVo

dks&izksM;wlj

ft+esokjh fuHkkbZ vkgs ls vkfgfu vfEcdk fgUnwtk] vatw M=klok.kh] pkanuh reUuk HkkfV;k pkj fgUnh fQYeaw d;wa vkfgfuA ^rky* fQ+Ye ts

c[+'kk.kh] fdj.k tqustk] fdj.k oklok.kh] Ñf"kdk yqyk] e/kq Hkkst=ok.kh]

jLrs 1999 esa ckyhoqM esa isj j[kanM+ m"kk cpk.khv 22 fQ+Yeqafu esa

eksfu'kk vkM=ok.kh] uhye Hkkx=pank.kh] uhrk fugkyk.kh] izkph Fk/kk.kh]

ua<k&oM=k jksy d;k vkfgfuA

johuk rkSjk.kh] jsuw rkSjk.kh] 'kksHkk diwj flIih] vfurk jktu flIih] vatfy jkels ,sa fc=;waA

1970 esa fel bfUM;k rkSj fpedanM+ ohuk lktuk.khv iat fQYeqafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA rhva 1999 esa fel oYMZ tks lqfg.kks

ennxkj fgnk;rdkj rkSj nhik vkfyepank.kh] fnDlk ykyok.kh]

f[krkc gFkq djs flU/kh tkfrv tks 'kku o/kkb±nM+ ;qDrk eq[khv fc pbu

xkSjh nklok.kh] dapu ehjpank.kh] dfj'ek pbujk;] yq'khu nqcs] ehuk{kh

fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA

c=q/kjk.kh] uVkyh lk/kok.kh] jkf'k y[kk.kh de djs pqfd;wa vkfgfu ;k ljxje vkfgfuA ohgkjks [kfu flfU/k;kf.k;wa bu [ksrj lka tqfM+;y

ojh Fkksjks iqfBrs ut+j dts r 1960 ,sa 1970 ts M=gkds okjh dFkd

vkfgfuA

Mkalj ,sa vnkdkjk dqeqn Nqx=k.khv rs ut+j ios FkhA gqu 21 fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjhv tk p³k lqBk jksy fuHkk;k gqvkA 1965 esa ^iwue dh jkr*

foT+;qvy bQ+sDVl fgd ub± rdfudh ut+fj;ks vkgsA bu Vsdfud

[kka 'kq: fFk;yq fgu tks fQ+Yeh lQ+j 1986 esa [k+re fFk;ksA ykM=yk]

lka fQ+Ye ts dq> [k+kl eat+jfu [ks u,sa uewus is'k d;ks osanks vkgsA ftva r

flU/kh bUMyfB & 21

flU/kh bUMyfB & 22

dks ek.gwv [ks gok esa mM=kb.k] ryokj ckt+hv ts eat+j th ckjhd+h

bu [kka flokb ,drk diwj] eksfguh ,u- flIih ,sa iou Ñikyk.kh fc fgu

M=s[kkj.k] gok esa vkewlkEgwa rhjfu tks VDdj ox+SjgA thvk lk/kok.kh] usgk

fQ+Yeh ys[kdfu th Qfgfj'r esa 'kkfey vkfguA

[ksek.kh] fiz;adk ok/kok.kh] :ghuh elan fgu [ksrj esa ljxje dq> ukyk

v/kq flfU/k;kf.k;wa %

vkfgfuA

ftu [ks v/kq flfU/k;kf.k;wa djs ysf[k;ks o¥s Fkks] ls djhuk diwj ,sa fQYe ts fdjnkjfu] [k+kl rkSj ukf;dkmfu ykb jksy ts eqrkfc+d

muth Hks.k dfj'ek r fgUnh fQ+Yeh nqfu;k ;kfu ckWyhoqM esa t+cjnLr

fyckl rS;kj dj.k tks de dkLV;we fMt+kbuj tks gwUnks vkgsA fgu

/kkdks t=ek;ks gqvksA dsrjfu fQ+Yeqafu esa bUgfu ukf;dk tk jksy d;k

[ksrj esa dfj'ek gjtk.kh] dfj'ek iatok.kh] dksey 'kkgk.kh] fufdrk

vkfgfuA lanfu ekm cchrk f'konklk.kh r idh flfU/k;k.kh gqbZ ,sa firk

jgstk] uhrk yqyk] fLoVh cpk.kh] mfeZyk eksVok.kh] dfork jYgfu] vfurk

j.k/khj diwj iatkch [k+kunku eka vkgsA ts- ih- nÙkk th fQ+Ye ^fj¶+;wth*v

flIih] ehuk flIihv tk ukyk pksV pf<+;y vkfgfuA Q+S'ku th nqfu;k

t+fj, djhuk diwj lky 2000 esa ckyhoqM esa isj ikrksA gsy rkb± gqu 60

lka fc bgs flfU/k;kf.k;wa tqfM+;y vkfgfuA

fQ+Yeqafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgs ,sa ?k.kk vokMZ fc gkflyq d;k vFkb±A gqu th fQYeqfu tfgM+ks fd fj¶+;wth] v'kksd] dHkh [kq+'kh dHkh x+e] ryk'k]

ohgkjks [kfu r ,gfM+;wa flfU/k;kf.k;wa vkfgfu tks fgd [kka o/khd

;qok] fQ+nk] gypy] vksedkjk] tc oh esV] V'ku] Fkzh bfM;V~l]

[ks+rj esa ljxje fM=ltfu fFk;waA thva r fnD'kk ykyok.kh ennxkj

xksyeky& 3] ckWMh xkMZ] fla?ke fjVUlZ] mM+rk iatkc r ckDl vkfQl rs

fgnk;rdkj lka xM=ksxM=q vnkdkj fc vkgsA ,dk y[kk.khv fVªu fQ+Yeqfu

dekbZ tk uoka fjdkMZ d+k;e d;k gqvkA gqv Ng fQ+YeQs;j vokM~Zl

esa vnkdkjh fc dbZ vFkb± r fc=;s ikls gqu 11gfu fQ+Yeqfu ykb dkLVw;e

gkfly djs pqdh vkgsA

fMt+kbuj tks fc de d;ks vFkb±A tkuh Ncyk.kh u :x=ks izksM;wlj ij Mk;jsDVj fc vkgsA dfj'ek eulq[kk.kh vnkdkjk fc vkgs r ojh ennxkj

dfj'ek diwj th fQ+Yeh c=sM+hv 1991 esa gy.k 'kq: d;ks gks ,sa

fgnk;rdkj th dqlhZ Hkh laHkkys l?ks FkhA vnkdkjk uhrk fugkyk.kh

;kjgfu lkyfu rkb± cjkcj j¶+rkj lka gyanh jghA iksb fgu th j¶+rkj

M=gfu fQ+Yeqafu th dks&izksM;wlj ¼lkFkh fuekZrk½ fc jgh pqdh vkgsA

,frjks ?kfVth obZ tks 2003 [kka 2017 ts 14 lkyfu ts vjls njE;ku gqv flQZ lr fQ+Yewa bZ djs l?khA gsyrkb± gqu 63 fQ+Yeqafu esa vnkdkjhv tk

frva iwue flUgk uoafu fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgs ,sa

dsrjkb jax i[ksfM+;k vkfgfuA fgufu eka jktk ckcw] dqyh ua- 1] jktk

fc=u fQ+Yeqfu tks fuekZ.k fc d;ks vFkb±A izkph Fk/kk.kh fgufu lfHkuh [kka

fgUnqLrkuh] ghjks ua- 1] fny rks ikxy gS] choh ua- 1] ge lkFk lkFk gSa]

vfx=;ka vkgsA fgu lnksjhv vBfu fQ+Yeqfu esa ennxkj fuekZrk] fc=u

fQ+t+k] vkse 'kkafr vkse] ckMhxkMZ tfgfM+;wa fQYewa r Cykd cLVj ¼csgn

fQ+Yeqfu th ennxkj fgnk;rdkj ,sa fc=fu fQ+Yequ th ifCyflVh ,sa

dkfe;kc½ lkfcr fFk;wa gq;wa ,sa dfj'ek iafgats fgu vnkdkjhv ts dfj'es

izkseks'ku tks gokyks fi.k laHkkys pqdh vkgsA jhuk dqdjstk fgnk;rdkj]

lcc vnkdkjkmfu th Qfgfj'r esa iafgfj;ks uacj gklqy d;ks gqvksA

flusesVksxzkQj

¼dsesjkesu½] ,MhVj ,sa eFkka ojh ysf[kdk rkSj de d;ks

vFkb±A :fpdk ykyok.kh fi.k fLØIV lqijokbt+j] LØhuIys] laokn

Vªha dke;kc v/kq fla/kh vnkdkjk vkgs lksuk{kh flUgkA fcgkjh firk

ys[kd ,sa fgnk;rdkj ts :i esa de d;k vFkb±A lk/kuk c[+'kk.khv fc

'k«kq?u flUgk ,sa flfU/k;k.kh ekm iwue panhjkek.khv th /khv lksuk{kh

fVªu MkWD;wesaVjh fQ+Yeqfu tks dsesjk laHkkfy;ks gks ,sa fgnk;rdkjh fc dbZ

lky 2010 esa ^ncax* fQ+Ye t+fj;s ckyhoqM esa f?kM+h gqbZA fgu fQYe tks

gqvkb±A

uk;d lyeku [+kku gks tsdks uacj ou ghjks ef¥;ks osanks vkgsA gsy rkb± lksuk{khv ohg [kkfu fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgs ,sa p³ks ukyks ysf[kdk rkSj fi.k pbu efgykmfu ukyks dek;ks vkgsA f'kckuh

dek;ks vFkb±A gqu 2014 esa fgd rkfey fQ+Ye ^fyaxk* esa crkSj ukf;dk

cFkhtk pkj fQ+Yeqfu th ysf[kdk vkgs ,as vokMZ fc gkflyq d;ks vFkb±A

vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZA jkmM+h jkBksM+] lu vkWQ+ ljnkj] ncax&2] yqVsjk]

flU/kh bUMyfB & 23

flU/kh bUMyfB & 24

cqysV jktk] vdhjk fQYeqfu dkfe;kchv tk d+ne pqfe;k vkfgfuA

D;k gksxk fuEeks dk] dSlk ;g I;kj gS] dkO;katfy] dslj] dgha rks gksxk]

lksuk{khv 10&12 vokMZ fc gkflyq d;k vkfgfuA

dgha fdlh jkst+] dlkSVh ft+Unxh dh] dqVqEc ¼251 ,filksM½] D;ksafd lkl Hkh dHkh cgq Fkh ¼400 ,filksM½] dgkuh ?kj ?kj dh] bfrgkl ox+Sjg---

lqfurk HkaHkk.kh ,sa vnkdkj vfuy diwj th /khv lksue diwj fc dafga[kka ?kfV ukgsA 2005 esa gqu lat; yhyk Hk.klkyh ts lk;s gsfB fgUnh

gqu dq> Vh-oh- flfj;Yl ts dq> ,filksM th ysf[kdk rkSj fc de

fQ+Ye ^Cysd* th ennxkj fgnk;rdkj rkSj de d;ks ,sa 2007 esa Jh

d;ks vkgs] fVªu flfj;Yl th fgnk;rdkj fc gqbZA gqu ?k.kk bukeks

Hk.klkyhv] lksue diwj [ks ^lkaofj;k* esa fpedk, NfM=;ksA gsyrkb± 21

vdjke fc gkfly d;k vkfgfuA VkyhoqM esa vt=q rkb± ,M=h oM=h gLrh r

fgUnh fQYeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vFkb± ,sa fgd Mt+fu tsrjk vokMZ fc [kVs

iSnk dku Fkh vkgsA tuojh 2020 esa ,drk diwj [ks in~eJh vokMZ fM=;.k

pqdh vkgsA lksue twa fQ+Yewa nsgyh&6] ckEcs Vkdht+] jka>.kk] Hkkx fey[kk

th i/kjkbZ dbZ obZ vkgsA

Hkkx] izse jru /ku ik;ks] uhjtk dkfe;kchv tk >aMk xkM+s pqfd;wa lok lkS [kka Ms=f< lkS dks ua<h x=kfYg r ukgsA ,srjks fla/kh VsysUV

vkfgfuA

gwUns fc vQ+lksl r bu x=kfYg tks fFk;s Fkks r bgks VsysUV flQZ fgUnh lksue th ua<h Hks.k fjfg;k diwj fQ+Ye fuekZrk rkSj ljxje vkgs

fQYeqafu rkb± egnwn vkgsA vycÙkk dq> ukf;dkÅafu fgUnh c=ksyhv [kka

,sa 2010 [kka oBh gsyrkb± lr fQ+Yewa Bkgs pqdh vkgsA vb'kk] [k+wclwjr]

lokb fc=;fu] [k+kfl rkSj M=[kf.k Hkkjr th Hkk"kkÅa ¼rfey] rsyqxq] dUuM+]

lksfyM isUuh] ohjs nh osMhax] ox+Sjg---

ey;kye½ esa BganM+ fQ+Yeqfu esa de d;ks vkgsA ij flU/kh fQ+Yewa ;k Vhoh- lhjh;y Bkfg.k okLrs bUgfu flfU/k;k.kqfu eka dks fc vx=rs u vk;ks

1960 ts vjls tks lqij LVkj ftrsUnz diwj ,sa lanl flfU/k;k.kh

vkgsA bUgfu eka tsdj vB M=g flU/kh ukjh;wa flU/kh Hkk"kk esa fQYewa Bkfg.k

tks; 'kksHkk th /khv ,drk diwj r ckyhoqM rksM+s VkyhoqM ¼Vsfyfotu½ rs

ykb fo[k o/kkbfu r flfU/k;r [ks fgd ub± cqyanh feyh l?ks FkhA

iafgatks ,fgM+ks /kkdks t=ek;s NfM=;ks vkgs] tafga[ks ijs djs NM=.kq dafga tks fc

flfU/k;qfu [ks fc lqBh lq¥k.ki feyh l?ks FkhA loky flQZ+ fger tks vkgs]

deq ukgsA gqu iafgath tqnk izksMD'ku daiuh 'kq: dbZ vkgs ckykth

ckd+h iSlfu th dk deh mUgfu ofV dksUgsA

VsyhfQ+YElA gqv bu daiuhv th TokbaV esusftax Mk;jsDVj rksM+s fØ;sVho Mk;jsDVj fi.k vkgsA

gqu ckykth eks'ku fiDplZ ts csuj gsfB 2001 [kka oBh vt=q rkb± 25 fQ+Yewa Bkfg;wa vkfgfu] tafgaesa fgd dUuM+ ,sa fgd ejkBh fQ+Ye ^r;k±ps cbr* 'kkfey vkgsA dqN rks gS] fØ'uk dksVst] D;k dwy gSa ge] fe'ku bLracqy] yo] lsDl vkSj /kks[kk] jkfxuh ,e-,e-,l-] fn MVhZ fiDpj] D;k lqij dqy gSa ge] ywVsjk] D;k dwy gSa ge&3 ox+Sjg fgUnh fQ+Yewa ,drk diwj ts izksMD'ku gkml eka fudfr;wa vkfguA dq> fQ+Yeqfu th gqv dks&izksM;wlj fc gqbZA

pkyhg [kka o/khsd r gqu Vhoh flfj;Yl rS;kj d;wa vkfgfuA ftva r& ijnsl esa gS esjk fny] dop] ukfxu] dy'k&,d fo'okl] cM+s vPNs yxrs gSa ¼612 ,filksM½] tks/kk&vdcj] ifo«k fj'rk] d+;ker] d+le ls] flU/kh bUMyfB & 25

flU/kh bUMyfB & 26

dkfe;kc flU/kh ukjh jru

u`R; ts [ksrj esa dFkd Mkalj vfuyk lqanj ,sa jkuh djuk Hkkjrh; ,sa flU/kh laLÑfrv [ks lewjh vkye esa Qfgyk, NfM=;ks vkgsA vfuyk lqanj ;kjgafu cSys tk 400 [kka fc o/khd 'kks Hkkjr rksM+s c=kfgjfu eqfydfu esa is'k d;k vkfgfuA lkfx=, uewus Hkx=oarh ukok.kh] deyk dslok.kh] ik: pkoyk ,sa 'kkafr ghjkuan ts fcuk vlka tks flU/kh laxhr r le>ks cq=M+h bZ

vBha ekpZ tks M=hagqa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk M=hagqa djs eYgk;ks osanks vkgsA

vkgsA ekSfld+h ,sa xk;dhv th dyk esa bUgfu [kka lokb dkty

fgu M=hagqa rs ukjh;qfu lka okcLrk dq> lkfgfR;d ,sa lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe

panhjkek.kh] yrk Hkx=fr;k.kh] fo'uh bZljk.kh] liuk jk;fla?kk.kh] iwt=k

?k.ksbZ laLFkkmfu ikjka d;k osank vkfgu ,sa tqnk&tqnk [ksrjfu esa ljxjeq

>wfj;k.khv tks fc p³ks ;ksxnku vkgsA vesfjdk esa jganM+ uhyk oklok.kh

rksM+s vfx=;ka of/k;y dkfe;kcq ukjh jrufu tk lUeku fc d;k osank

v r ^eykyk* rs xhr&laxhr is'k djs lky 2015 esa xzseh vokM± gkflyq

vkfguA vlka tks lekt gwva r iq:"k iz/kku vkgs] ij dq> efgykmfu

djs pqdh vkA

iafgath rkdr lka ?k.ksbZ ckcrwafu esa ejnfu [ks iqfBrs djs NfM=;ks vkgsA rchch [ksrj gqts ;k rbyheh bnkjk gqtfu] jsYos gqts ;k cSfdax lfoZl]

ckWyhoqM ;kfu fgUnh flusek tx=r esa flU/kh lqfgf.k;wa vnkdkjkÅa

foanqj gqts ;k dyk ,sa fp«kdkjh] gj [ksrj esa flU/kh ukjhv iafgats t+sguh ,sa

cchrk ,sa muth lkSVª lk/kuk f'konklk.kh r iafgatks eVq ik.k gq;waA

ftLekuh rkdr tks btgkj djs mu [ksrj [ks ub± vkSt rs igqpk;ks vkgsA

rdjhcu~ lok lkS flU/kh ukjh;wa vt=q fc ckWyhoqM lka fl/ks ;k v.kfl/ks uewus tqfM+;y vkfgfuA dksbZ izksM;wlj vkgs] r dksbZ vflLVUV Mk;jsDVj

iqjk.ks t+ekus th ukjh ?kj ts pkj fHkfr;qfu fop ijns esa jgh] ?kjts

r dks ojh dkLV;qe fMt+kbu ,sa QS'ku th nqfu;k lka ik.k [ks tksM+s osfB;wa

dedkjfu] c=kjfu [ks fuikb.k ,sa ejnfu th 'ksokmfu esa bZ jqf/k;y jganh

vkfguA 22 [kfu flU/kh vnkdkjkma r M=[k.k Hkkjr th fQ+Ye bUMLVªh esa

gqbZA mu[ks ?k.kh vkt+knh dku gqbZA [ksfl rbyhe oB.k rs ikcanh gqbZ ,sa

iafgatks /kkdks t=ek, osfB;wa vkfguA reUuk HkkfV;k] izhfr >kafx;k.kh]

tsdM=fga ?kj [kka c=kfgj fudjanh fc gqbZ r dks enZ th fuxjkuhv gsfBA

vatuk lq[kk.kh] gafldk eksVok.kh tfgfM+;wa vnkdkjkÅa lanfu eknjh

fgufu gkyrqafu esa gk.ks p³k cfnyko vk;k vkfgfuA ?kj th ekyh gkyfr

t+cku flU/khv [kka lokb rfey] rsyxq] dUuM+ ,sa ey;kye Hkk"kkÅa dk fc

[ks et+cwr ,sa nqjLr dj.k yk, ,sa lanfl rbyhe [ks lqBs uewus drc

gc=d fcuk x=kfygkbfu fFk;waA iatkch] vklkeh ,sa vaxzst+h t+cku okfj;qfu

vk.k.k ykb ukjh ?kj [kka c=kfgj fudjh ukSdjh djs FkhA ua<k oM=k m/ke

fQYeqafu esa fc dq> flU/kh vnkdkjkmfu lqBk jksy d;k vkfguA u jqx=ks

djs FkhA jkr nsj rkb± fc ?kj [kka c=kfgj jgs Fkh] vdsyks bZ jsyxkM=h] tgkt+

,rjks ij vnkdkjhv lcc ?k.ksbZ buke vdjke fc gklqyq d;k vFkfuA

;k cl esa eqlkfQ+jh djs FkhA dkj ;k LdwVj gyk, FkhA lekt esa ejnfu

iqjk.ks t+ekus twa jks'ku vnkdkjkÅa dqeqn Nqxk.kh] 'khyk jkek.kh] 'kksHkk

lka fc mfFk osfg djs FkhA ?kj tk elbyk fc lqy>k, Fkh ,sa iafgats jk;s th

diwj] iwue flUgk [ks fc dhva folkjts \

fc vgfe;r M=s[kkjs FkhA lkekftd ,sa ?kjq fj'rfu [ks et+cwrh vrk dj.k ykb fdVh ikfVZ;qfu tks fc cankscLr djs FkhA vpks r fgd ut+j Qsjk;wa tqnk tqnk [ksrjfu esa de danM+ ,sa dkfe;kc flU/kh ukjh;qfu rs A

foanqj tks ghm olhyks gk.ks flusek rkb± egnwn ukgs] ij Vh-oh- ,sa LekVZ Q+ksu t+fj;s ?kj&?kj igqaph pqdks vkgsA Vh-oh-v th fgu nqfu;k esa jksfudk lktuk.kh] f'kYik ldyk.kh] 'osrk dslok.kh] gafldk eksVok.khv

cSafdax [ksrj esa Jherh pank dkspj tks dks lkuh ukgsA gqu lanfl lw>cw> lka fgd [+kkuxh cSad vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ v [ks fgd ub± cqyanh]

tfgfM+;wa flU/kh U;kf.k;wa fpedh jfg;wa vkfgfu ,sa b±nM+ Vghv ykb izsj.kk tks p'eks c.kth i;wa vkfguA

lq¥k.ki ,sa ed+cwfy;r vrk dbZ vkgsA nqfu;k ts lHk [kka o/khd rkd+roj 100 efgykmfu th QfgfjLr esa Jherh dkspj [ks uao Hksjk 'kkunkj eqdke

Hkkjr esa lHk [kka vofy eqacbZv th MkW- bfUnjk fgUnwtk VsLV V;wc

gkflyq fFk;ks vkgs ,sa 2010 bZ- esa Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka Jherh dkspj [ks ine

Vsduhd lka c=kj iSnk djk, ?k.kfu cs vkSyknfu tksM+fu th nqfu;k laokj.k

Hkw"k.k tks f[k+rkc fc fM=uks fo;ks vkgsA

esa gFkh fM=uh vkA ,fgM+hv rjg nsgyh th MkW- vydk Ñikyk.kh fc rchch

flU/kh bUMyfB & 27

flU/kh bUMyfB & 28

[ksrj esa ljxje vkgs ,sa ?k.ksbZ ?kjfu rs c=kjfu th fdjik dbZ vFkb± ,sa

ghjkuank.kh]

mUgfu ts ?kj esa iha?kk yksM=kb.k tks t+jh;ks c.kth vkgsA bUgfu fc=fUgfu

mrepank.kh ,sa ek;k jkghA lkfgr jpuk ts fgu [ksfrj esa vt=q fc fc=fu

bUnzk

oklok.kh]

dyk

izdk'k]

rkjk

ehjpank.kh]

lqanjh

flfU/k;kf.k;qfu tks lky 2015 esa ine Jh vokMZ lka lUeku d;ks fo;ks

Mt+ufu [kka o/khd efgykÅa lanfu d+ye t+jh;s y¶+t+fu tk fct iks[ks]

gqvksA

lkfgr ts cw=Vfu eka dfork] dgk.kh] ukosy ox+Sjg tk Qy gkfly dfu fi;wa fFk;waA lqpsrk etewnkj gqva r fgd caxkyh lUukjh gqbZA gqu iksb vkpk;Z

ts- ch- Ñikyk.khv lka 'kknh dbZ ,sa flfU/k;r tks pksx=ks ikrksA Hkkjr ts

d+k;ns dkuwu ts xks'ks r ut+j dts r ?k.ksbZ flU/kh ukjh;qfu

fgd oM=s jkT; mÙkjizns'k th gwv eq[;ea«kh fi.k c.khA dqekjh t=sBh

odkyr ts is'ks [ks fc [kq+'khv lka viuk;ks vkgsA u jqx=ks ,frjks ij Jherh

flikgheyk.kh c= Hksjk flU/k ,lsEcyhv esa pwafMth vkbZ gqbZ ,sa gqu fMIVh

fot;k Vfgyjkek.khv tfgM+h 'kf[l;r r eqacbZ gkbZdksVZ esa crkSj

Lihdj tks mgnks fc laHkkfy;ks gksA vt=q fc dq> flU/kh ukfj;wa fl;klh

d+kfe;kcq ttq vkgsA bUnzk t;flag fgd vkyk njt+s th odhy r vkgs ,sa

ikVhZ;qfu lka tqfM+;y vkfgu ,sa ljxje fc vkfguA fo'uh bljk.kh r

ekuo vf/kdkj laxBu th lnL;k fc vkgs ,sa efgykmfu ts gd+fu okLrs

xka/kh/kke uxjikfydk th lnj jgh pqdh vkgsA vgenkckn ts ujksM+k

,sa mUgfu lka FkhanM+ cs&bUlkQ+hv f[kykQ+ vkokt+ mFkkjs mUgfu [ks

bykds+ ts fc=fu /kkjklH;fu MkW- ek;k dksMuk.kh ,sa gk.ks MkW- fueZyk

bUlkQq+ fM=;kjhanh vkgsA lanfl eqfM+l lka xM=th gqu fgd x+Sj ljdkjh

ok/kok.khv twa lkekftd 'ksokÅa dkfcys rkjhQ+ vkfgfuA xqtjkr ljdkj

laLFkk ^ykW;lZ dysDVho* cjik dbZ vkgsA

esa gqufu ea«khv tks mgnks fc laHkkfy;ks vkgsA mYgkluxj esa T;ksfr dkyk.kh ljxeZ ,e-,y-,- vkgsA flaf/k;qfu ts 'kgj xka/kh/kke&vkfniqj [ks laokj.k esa nknh fueZyk xtok.khv fc p³ks ik.kq irksfM+;ks gqvksA mgs fc

bZ'kk y[kk.khv Vsful th jkan esa] vfgY;k gjtk.kh ,sa ysjhlk lnkjaxk.khv csMfeaVu th jkafn esa lanfu ukyk jks'ku d;k vkfguA

,e-,y-,- gqvkA Q+s'ku fMt+kbuhax esa vuq ehjpank.kh] cchrk eydk.kh] egsdk ukjh;qfu th dkjdjnxhv tks fgd oM=ks olhyks rbyheh [ksrj fc vkgsA ?k.ksbZ flfU/k;kf.k;wa fgu menk is'ks esa ljxeZ vkfguA Ldwyfu esa ;k

ehjiqjh] uhrk yqYyk tks /kkdks vkgs tks ?k.ksbZ fQ+Yeh vnkdkjkÅa lanfu oslox=k bUgfu [kka bZ rS;kj djkbafn;wa vkfguA

dkystfu esa ekLrjk.kh ;k izksQs+lj twa ftesokjh;wa vnk dfu fFk;waA bUgfu esa ds Hksujqa r ih,p-Mh- fc d;y vkfguA nhnh Ñ".kk HkaHkk.kh] bUnzk

?k.ksbZ flU/kh ukfj;qafu r iafgatk ua<k&oM=k m|ksx fc 'kq: d;k

oklok.kh] vatuk gt+kjh] nknh lhrk lkerk.kh tk ukyk rbyhe [ks

vkfgfu ,sa bva u :x=ks iafgats ifjokj ij losa fc=;u ifjokjfu th jksth

Qfgykb.k esa vfx=jk vkfguA nhnh Ñ".kk ,sa bUnzk oklok.khv [ks r

jksVhv tks olhyks cf.kth i;wa vkfgfuA v:.kk vkM=ok.kh]

cgsrjhu Vhpj tk vokMZ fc feyh pqdk vkfguA gk.ks bgs c=bZ g;kr

Ñikyk.kh] lqyTtk eksVok.kh dq> vfgfM+;wa 'kf[+l;rwa vkfgfu tsds ?kj

ukfguA vatuk gt+kjhv [ks fc lEekufu lka btr vQtkbZ dbZ obZ vkgsA

rksM+s lanu dkj[k+kufu ts fop iksrkesy djs lqfg.ks uewus ft+Unxhv [ks

iesyk

ekf.ku fi;waA vncq fgdq M=qf[k;ks [ksrj ef¥;ks o¥s FkksA Nkdkf.k r muesa iafgats dYiuk 'kfDrv ts cycwrs rs lkfgr tks ltZ.kq dj.kks ioanks vkgsA mgks

izfrHkk vkM=ok.kh ,sa 'ksQkyh oklok.kh oklnso iafgts d+ye ,sa

ltZ.kq tsdks vke rksM+s [k+kl ek.gqafu [ks foanqj lka xM=ksxM=q dq> flf[k;k

jks'ku fnekx+ rksM+s] feBM+h t+cku t+fj;s u jqx=ks v[k+ckj ij Vh oh

fc M=sA ?k.ksbZ flfU/k;kf.k;qfu fgu [ksfrj esa fc lanfu d+ye th dqor

i«kdkfjrk esa fc Nka;y vkfguA

M=s[kkjh vkgs ,sa flU/kh lkfgr tk ?kM+k Hkfj;k vkfgu ,sa vokMZ fc gklqyq d;k vFkfuA vt=q rkb± Ngfu flU/kh vnhckf.k;qfu [ks r edZt+h lkfgr vdkMehv

vokMZ

feyh

pqdk

vkfguA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 29

vkfgu

iksiVh

eu th 'kkafr ,sa vk/;kfRed Kku gklqy dj.k yk, bUlku eanjfu ,sa fVdk.kfu M=ka jq[k danks vkgsA bu /kkfeZd [ksrj [ks fM=lts r nknh /kuh flU/kh bUMyfB & 30

Qdhj Hkx=fr;k.kh rksM+s fuek.kks Qdhj twa fu"dke 'ksokmafu M=ka /;ku o¥s

e/;izns'k ts 'kgj eSgj esa jganM+ vuqjfDr lcuk.khv tqykbZ

MPPSC bErgku ikl djs Mh,lih th iksLV gkfly djs flU/kh

FkksA fuek.ky Qdhj ikjka cM+ksns esa cjik d;y ^l[k+h dqfV;k* vtq= c

2017 esa

dk;e vkgs ftfr jkst+ 'kke tks lwfQ;k.kh pkSadh yx=kbZ osanh vkgsA bUghv

lekt tks 'kku o/kk;ks vkgsA

t+jh, ek.gwfu [ks flU/khv ts :gkuh d+ykefu th t=k.k feys Fkh ,sa flU/kh HkfDr ijaijk [ks c fgd j¶+rkj feys FkhA oklok.kh VªLV ts drkZ grkZ vnh

lkfFk;ks ! fgr dq> ,fgM+k ukyk bZ fM=uk fo;k vkfgu tsds ehfM;k

gfj nsohv twa rbyheh] lkekftd rksM+s rohch 'ksokÅafu [ks dhva folkjts

;k v[k+ckjqfu ;k esx+sthu }kjk vke ek.gwafu th tq+cku rkb± igqrk

\ vtesj esa nknh eksfguh oS'kkyh uxj esa eanj th LFkkiuk dbZ vkgs ftrs

vkfguA fgu Mqaxj [ks [kksfVts r v¥k ?k.ksbZ vfgM+k ukjh jru c=kfgj

jkst+kuks fur use lka t+kyqafu tks lRlax djs lekt lq/kkj ,sa flU/kh c=ksyhv

fudjh b±nk ftu tks lkekftd] rbyhe] /kkfeZd ox+Sjg ?k.ksbZ [ksfrjfu esa

ts Qfgyko ckcr izopu ,sa le>kbf.k;wa M=sbZ nknh eksfguh ek;qafu th jkg

p³ks ;ksxnku vkgsA bUgfu ukfj;qafu ts lnd+s bUlkuh ft+anxhv tk ?k.ksbZ

jks'ku djs jgh vkgsA

igyw jks'ku fFk;k vkfgu] fFk;u fi;k Fkk ,sa vfx=rs fc Fkhank jgankA

Freedom Fighter ts=Bh flikgheyk.kh] xaxk Economist lhek HkkfV;k] NGO gykanM+ iwue ykyok.kh]

fxnok.kh] isUVhax tks

jks'ku ehukj uyhuh ekyk.kh oxSjg dq> ,fgfM+;wa flU/kh ukfj;wa vkfgfu] ftu iafgath jkg [kq+n rS;kj dbZ vkgs ,sa fc=;u yk; fgd felkyh Fkh chfB;wa vkfgfuA

Administration vkfgfuA

esa fc gk.ks flU/kh fu;kf.k;wa iSj i[ksM+s jfg;wa

e/;izns'k jkT; ts nsokl 'kgj th fgd fu;k.kh

fo'kk

ek/kok.khv uk;c dysDVj tk vksgnks laHkkys flU/kh tkfrv tks x=kVq eFks d;ks vkgsA cM+kSnk th izkph lq[kok.khv ts vf[k;qfu esa flQZ 20 lSdM+ks bZ jks'kuh vkgsA bu gwans fc gqu lqBh egsur djs vgenkckn th ukysjh vkbvkb,e dkyst esa nkf[k+yk ojrh vkgsA jktLFkku th fu;k.kh dktksy Nqxyk.kh gk.ks gokbZ tgkt+ th ik;yksV c.kth pqdh vkgsA Hkkjrh; lunh lsok tks bErgku ikl djs xfjek y[ksok.khv flU/kh lekt th xfjek o/kkbZ vkgsA nqcbZv esa jganM+ fc=u lqfgf.k;qfu flU/kh laLÑfr v ts Qfgyko p³k de d;k vkfgfu ls vkfgfu vk'kk pkan ,sa fcuhrk ukxikyA vk'kk pkan 30 [kfu MhohMh fQ+Yewa rS;kj d;wa vkfgu ,sa Vhohv rs fi.k is'k d;wa vkfgfuA flU/kh Vhoh psuy 'kq: djkb.k ykb fc fgu fgd eqghe 'kq: dbZ vkgsA bu okaxqj Jherh ukxiky fi.k ?k.ksbZ Vhoh izksxzke flU/khv esa rS;kj djk;k vkfgfuA flU/kh bUMyfB & 31

flU/kh bUMyfB & 32

dPN rs [kkstuk danM+ flU/kh fo}ku

ox+Sjg ?k.ksbZ igyqfu rs egd+d+fu [k+kstukÅa d;wa vkfgfu ,sa isij fc 'kk;k d;k vFkfuA fdfu lk;Ulnkufu [kkstuk djs irks yx=k;ks vkgs r dPN tks jsfxLrku lfn;qfu vx=q fla/kq ,sa ljLorh unh;qfu tks bZ jLrks gqvksA dq> d+qnjrh okfd+;fu ts urhts rkSj bUgfu unh;qfu th /kkjk cnyth obZ]

dPN xqtjkr tks fgdq ,fgM+ks ft+yks vkgs] tsdks Hkkjr ts vksyg

tafga djs fgd oD+r tks lkvks dPN izns'k vt=q jsfxLrku esa rcnhy Fkh

ikls vk;yq vkgs ,sa ,jk;t+hv ts fygkt+ [kka Hkkjr ts lfHkuh ft+yfu esa

fo;ks vkgs ,sa ufn;qqfu ts fdukjs rs vkckn fFk;y dq> x=ksB iafgatks

oM=ks ft+yks vkgs ,sa xqtjkr th rdjhcu~ 25 lsdM+ks t+ehu okykjs FkksA lu~

ukeks&fu'kka feVk, osBk vkfguA

2001 essa 26 oha tuojhv rs tsdks d+kfrykuk t+yt+yks vk;ks gqvks mu

dPN flU/k lka yx=yq Hkkjr tks mgks fgLlks vkgs tafgath c=ksyh]

tkueky tks p³ks uqdlku fjlka;ks gqvksA mu [kka iksb fgfr jkgr tk ,sa

rgt+hc] yksd dyk] yksd vnc ,sa yksd xhr laxhr esa flU/k tk bZ n'kZu

ejEer tk tsds de fFk;k mufu ts lccq dPN th lwjr fpedh isbZ vkgs

fFk;fu FkkA bu djs flfU/k;qfu [ks dPN M=kagqa [k+kl yx=ko vkgsA izksQslj

,sa dPN th f'kfdy rs uvksa uwj vph fo;ks vkgsA dPN jkt=/kkuh Hkqt=q 'kgjq

gfj nfj;k.kh ^fnyxhj* r dPNh ,sa flU/kh c=ksfy;qfu [ks Hksujwa djs bZ

vkgsA bu [kka flokb dPN esa xka/kh/kke] vatkj] ekaMoh] jkij] Hkpkm] eqanzk]

ys[khank gqvkA fojgk³s cSbn ?k.ksbZ flU/kh flU/k eka yfM=iyk.k djs lanfu

u[k«kk.kk tfgM+k fc ua<k&oM=k 'kgj ofl;y vkfgfuA dPN [ks M=gfu

eklhv ts dN ¼xksn½ esa bZ vph Fkkb±dk fFk;k vkfgfuA

rglhyqfu ¼rkyqdfu½ esa fojgk;ks fo;ks vkgsA mÙkj ikls flU/k izkar] vksHkj

dPN ts tqnk tqnk ekStwafu rs [kkstuk djs iatfu flU/kh fo}kufu r

esa ikV.k ,sa cukldkaBk ft+yk] r M=[k.k ikls lkSjk"Vª izkar dPN [ks Hkkdqj

rbyheh [ksrj th oM=h fMxzh ih,p-Mh- ¼MkWDVj vkWQ+ fQ+yklkQh½ fc

ik,] fgu lka c=kag c=syh Fkh chBk vkfgfuA vkM=slj x=ksB ikl dPN tks ua<ks

gkflyq dbZ vkgsA bu[kka flokb ua<k&oM=k [kkstukRed ed+kyk fc ?k.ksbZ

j.kiVq] y[kir&xksjsokyhv ofV oM=ks lqQ+sn j.k&jsfxLrku ,sa dksjh Øhd]

jlkyfu ,sa v[kck#fu tks flaxkj fc cf.k;k vkfgfuA xqtjkr lkfgR;

bgs lHkq dPN th lq¥k.ki twa vykerqa ,sa [kwlqfl;rqa fi.kq vkfgfuA

vdkneh] ,ulhih,l,y ,sa fc=;u lkekftd ,sa vnch bnkjfu ikjka dPN

dPNh yksd vnhc Jh nqysjk; dkjk.kh dPNh ek.gwv [ks fgd

esa lsfeukj fc dksBk;k fo;k vkfgfuA bUgfu vnch esM+fu iqfB;ka Jh rst

;xkuh 'kf[+l;r d+jkj M=hans p;ks vkgs r dPNh ek.gwv tk oslox=k]

d+kfcy] yky gksrpank.kh] MkW- t=sBks ykyok.kh] lh- Vh- X;kupank.kh] eqjyh

ix=M+hv tk oM++] d+ejiVks] ?kfV y¶+t+fu okjh ,sa fl/ks eryc okjh feBh ,sa

xksfoank.kh ,sa fc=;u tks fc p³ks ;ksxnku jfg;ks vkgsA

vljkbrh dPNh c=ksyh] bgs lHkq vukflj feM+h djs dPN [ks fgdq vkyk

vpks r gkf.k fgufu vkfyefu th Fkksjs esa t=k.k oBwa %

eqd+ke ,sa lq¥k.ki cf[+'kfu FkkA leqaMq ,sa jsfxLrku lka pkS/kkjh ?ksjkby dPN r gk.ks lSj danM+fu ykb

¼1½ MkW- lrh'k dqekj jksgM+k %

df'k'k tks edZt+ cf.kth fi;ks vkgsA gj lky gk.ks fgfr uoEcj [kka oBh

vkfniqj esa flU/kh;r ts Qfgyko ykb fgd laLFkk cjik dbZ obZ

Q+jojh eghus rkb± xqtjkr ljdkj ikjka ^dPN j.kksRlo* tks vk;kstu

vkgs tafgatks ukyks vkgs bfUM;u bULVhV;wV vkWQ flU/kksyksth] MkW-

d;ks osanks vkgsA bu djs fl;kgfu tks rknkn p³ks o/kh fo;ks vkgsA

lrh'k jksgM+k mu tks fgd ckuhdkj vkgs ,sa ifgfj;kas MkbjsDVj fc jgh

ckyhoqM ts egku vnkdkj vferkHk cPpu fc poanks vkgs ^dPN ugha

pqdks vkgsA fgu Hkk"kk 'kkL«khv dPNh c=ksyh ,sa muts xzkej th Hkk"kk

ns[kk rks dqN ugha ns[kk*A

foKku ts fygkt+ [kka NaMNk.k djs iq.ks ;qfuoflZVhv eka MkW- ,- ,e- ?kkVxs

vfgM+s lqfg.ks dPN rs ?k.ksbZ fo}kufu ,sa vkfyefu tqnk&tqnk uqd+rs

th jguqekbZ gsfB lu~ 1966 esa ih,p-Mh- th fMxzh gkfly dbZ gqbZA

ut+j lka [kkstukÅa d;wa vkfgfuA dPN th eSnuh liafÙk] ufn;qfu twa

dPNh c=ksyhv ckcr MkW- lrh'k jksgM+k [kkstuk djs c=q/kk;ks vkgs r

/kkjkÅa ,sa muesa fFk;y cnyko] leqaM esa fyd;fy dq+njr tk [k+tkuk]

dPNh c=ksyhv tks Qjgqaxq p³ks 'kkgqdkj vkgsA dPNh c=ksyh Lojkar ¼gQ+Z

/kksykohjk esa cjik gMIiu laLÑfr] dPN tks yksd vnc] laxhr] c=ksyh

byr½ u ij O;taukar ¼gQ+Z lghg½ vkgs] budjs FkksM+h fr[kh ¼dM+d]

flU/kh bUMyfB & 33

flU/kh bUMyfB & 34

rkd+rokjh½ c=ksyh vkgsA MkW- jksgM+k fØ;kin ¼Q+ky½] tkfr ¼ftUl½] opu

vH;kl djk;ks ossanks gqvksA

¼vnn½] foHkfDr] y¶+t] vkokt+ ox+Sjg xzkej ts gj igywv [ks lqBs uewus

oD+r ik.k lka cnyko [k.kh vk;ksA vaxzst+h gqdwer tks t+ksj o/k.k lka

,sa xgjkbZv lka mtkxj d;ks vkgsA dPNh c=ksyhv esa tqnk tqnk 33 vkokt+

jktk'kkgh [k+re fFk;.k yx=h gqbZA mnwZ] Q+kjlh ,sa c`tHkk"kk th vgfe;r

vkfgfuA MkW- jksgM+k th Fkhfll dPNh xzkej rS;kj dj.k ykb fgdq

vaxzst+h Hkk"kk ts vlj gsfB nc=th obZA vkt+knhv cSfn rk- 31gha ebZ 1948

cqfu;knh [kkstukRed xzaFk th dqor j[ks FkhA fgu vueksy t=k.k ts

rs dPN jkT; tks njt+ks [k+re d;ks fo;ks ,sa bulka xM=q fgu rbyheh

[k+t+kus ts vk/kkj rs lgh ,sa vljkbrh dPNh c=ksyhv th fyih fc rS;kj

bnkjs [ks fc dqYQ+ yx=k;k fo;k gqvkA rdjhcu~ 200 lkyfu rkb± bgk

djs lf?kts FkhA

c`tHkk"kk ikB'kkyk otwn esa jgh gqbZA

¼2½ MkW- fueZyk vkluk.kh %

¼3½ MkW- uanyky fg³ksjk.kh %

bva p;ks osanks vkgs r dfo ;k 'kkbj t=k, t=e [kka iSnk Fkhanks vkgs]

tafga Hkk"kk [ks jk"VªHkk"kk ts :i esa ef¥;ks o¥s Fkks] mu fgUnh Hkk"kk tks

muesa dqnjrh rksj mgk dqor gwUnh vkgs] mu[ks rS;kj dksu d;ks osanks vkgs]

dPN ,jk;t+hv esa dsrjks Qfgyko fFkvyq vkgs ,sa mutks vlj vnc rs

ij bu e¥rk [ks yydkj fM=;.k ykb lewjh nqfu;k esa fgd laLFkk cjik

dsrjks fi;ks vkgs] eryc r fgUnh Hkk"kk ts ok/kkjs&fodkl esa dPN tks ;k

dbZ obZ gqbZ] tafgatks ukyks gqvks] ^dPN th c`t Hkk"kk ikB'kkyk*A 'kk;j

pÅa [k.kh r dPNh;qfu tks ;ksxnku dsrjks jfg;ks vkgs] bu fo"k; rs

fFkv.k th [+okfg'k j[kanM+ izfrHkk'kkyh 'k[+l [ks fgu rbyheh bnkjs esa

vknhiqj ts rksyk.kh dkWyst vkWQ+ vkVZ~l ,UM lk;Ul ts fizUlhiky MkW-

'kk;jhv tk lcd i<+k;s 'kk;j c.kk;ks osanks gqvksA i<+kbZ iwjh fFk;.k cbn

uanyky fg³ksjk.kh ¼fgaxksjk.kh½ v [kkstuk djs MkDVjsV dbZ gqbZA fgu tks

vkf[k+j esa gqu[ks ^dfoin* tks njt+ks ¼Degree½ fM=uks osanks gqvksA thva

xkbM gqvks xqtjkr ;qfuoflZVh ¼vgenkckn½ ts fgUnh foHkkx tks v/;{k

laLÑr Hkk"kk ts vH;kl ykb ek.gw dk'kh osank gqvk] rhva c`tHkk"kk lka

MkW- jkedqekj xqIrA lu~ 1989 esa fgaxksjk.khv [ks ih,p-Mh- th fMxzh vrk

okcLrk Kku gkflyq dj.k ykb ek.gwa c`tHkk"kk ikB'kkyk M=kgqa jq[k+ dank

dbZ obZ gqbZA MkW- fgaxksjk.khv iafgats Fkhfll esa fyf[k;ks vkgs r fgUnh Hkk"kk ts

gqvkA ghm csfelky rbyheh bnkjks dPN ts eq[; 'kgj Hkqt= esa cjik d;ks

Qfgyko esa dPN tks fc oM=ks gFkq vkgsA dPN ts gqdejkufu fgUnh Hkk"kk

fo;ks gqvksA gk.ks r fgu bekjr tk flQZ [kaMgj bZ cpk vkfgfuA fgu

esa jpukÅa fy[k.k rs u jqx=ks gq'kh fM=ukma] ij mUgfu [kq+n fc fgUnhv esa

ikB'kkyk ,sa mrs i<+kbZ djs rS;kj fFk;y 'kk;jfu ckcr [kkstuk djs

p³ks vnc fyf[k;ks vkgsA MkW- fgaxksjk.khv mUgfu dfo;qfu th x=ksYgk dbZ

vkfniqj th Hks.k izksQslj fueZyk ukjk;.knkl vkluk.khv xqtjkr

gqbZ ,sa jks'kuhv esa vkanks] tsds c`tHkk"kk ikB'kkyk lka tqfM+;y u gqvkA

;qfuoflZVh eka MkW- vEck'kadj ukxj th fgnk;r dkjhv gsfB MkWDVjsV

bUgfu esa larfu ,sa Hkx=rfu tks 'kqekj d;ks fo;ks vkgsA fgu esa jkeHkfDr

¼Ph.D½ dbZ gqbZ ,sa iafgath Fkhfll [ks fdrkc ts 'kdy esa 1996 esa 'kk;k

ijaijk tk Hkkst=koj tkax/kj.kh] j.kNksMnkl jruwa] 'kadjnku] jkeflag tk

djk;ks vFkkb±A ghm fdrkc lkSjk"Vª ;qfuoflZVh ts ,e-,- ts dkslZ esa

ukao d+kfcys&x+kSj vkfgfuA fc=;s ikls Ñ".k ijaijk esa ujflagnkl]

'kkfey d;ks fo;ks vkgsA

pheunkl] ykaxhnkl esgMq tk ukao vfx=;ka vkfgfuA esd.knknk th c=ksyh

fgu ikB'kkyk th LFkkiuk tkM+stk oa'k ts egkjko Jh y[kir th bZl- 1749 esa vkpk;Z dud dq'ky ts jgquqekbZv gsfB dbZ gqbZA fgu

'kq) fgUnh Hkk"kk ts os>ks yx=s FkhA lar dfo nso lkfgc] frydnkl] nsohnku nsFkk] lar fcgkjhnkl]

ikB'kkyk esa i<a+nM+ 'kkfxZnfu th rbyhe] fjgkb'k ,sa Hkkstu tks lewjks

x+jhcnkl

Vkad]

eksekj

lkfgc

ox+Sjg

?k.ksbZ

lar

[k+pZ dPN izkar ts dqfygfu rs gwUnks gqvksA MkW- fueZyk dPN tks nkSjks djs]

jpukÅfu t+fj;s fgUnh Hkk"kk th lqBh 'ksok dbZ vkgsA

dfo;qfu

lanfu

ek.gwfu lka xfM=t=kf.k;wa djs ,sa p³h;wa rdyhQa+w lBs 350 dfo;qfu tks irks

fojgk³s cSn flU/k eka yM=s vk;y ,sa dPN esa vph ofl;y fdfu

yx=k;s] mUgfu tks fyf[k;yq vncq esM+s] NaMNk.k djs Fkhfll fy[kh gqbZA

flU/kh vnhcfu fc fgUnhv esa xhr] cSr] nksgk] uT+e] fyf[k;k vkfgfu ,sa

fgu ikB'kkyk esa dfork jpuk eka okcLrk lHksbZ lkfgfR;d igyqfu tks

bva jk"VªHkk"kk ts Qfgyko esa ;ksxnku fM=uks vFkfuA bUgfu jpukdkjfu esa

flU/kh bUMyfB & 35

flU/kh bUMyfB & 36

lar Lokeh yhyk'kkg] nknk gwUnjkt nq[kk;y] izks- gfj nfj;k.kh] dq-

cs'kfderh jru if[kfM+;k fi;k vkfgfuA mUgfu [ks lsgM+s ,sa ltkb.k tks

rqylh vkuank.kh] izks- vklu oklok.kh] xkso/kZu 'kekZ] jke vejuk.kh]

deq MkW- ijls fxnok.khv d;ks vkgsA c=uhv esa jgh djs MkW- fxnok.khv

eqjyh xksfoank.kh] MkW- fueZyk vkluk.kh] jke csyk.kh ^[kqekj* ox+Sjg tks

lks<k] tr ,sa fc=;fu tkfr;qfu th flU/kh c=ksyhv rs tsdk [kkstuk dbZ ,sa

'kqekj djs lf?kts FkksA

xhr lgsfM+;k] mUgfu eka dq> xhrfu&cSrfu tks laiknu djs MkW- ijls th

esd.knknk fyf[k;ks vkgs %

/khv MkW- pk:v fgdq fdrkcq ^flU/kh yksd xhr* muoku lka Nik;s if/kjks

^tksxh iRFkj igkM+ dk] jke uke dh js[k

d;ks vkgsA lks<fu th flU/kh c=ksyhv [ks ^lks<dh* ,sa trfu th flU/kh

Åa/kk&lh/kk tks iM+s] rks ;s uk NksM+s Vsd* 'kk;j ^peu* ¼eqgEen gk'eh½ fyf[k;ks vkgs % ^dgka gekjh ,slh fd+Ler] tks 'ksj fy[krs d+ye mBkdj gLrs dq+njr us gkFk esjk] peu idM+dj fy[kk fn;k gS* Lokeh yhyk'kkg dgrs gSa % ^okn fookn dksgq ls u dhft,] jluk jke ve`r jl ihth,*

c=ksyhv [ks ^trdh* tfgM+k yd+c MkW- fxnok.khv bZ fM=uk vkfgfuA ijls [ks c=uhv esa [kkstuk dans ,rjh df'k'k Fkh ibZ tks gw ik.k eqjkn iw.ks th M=sDdu dkyst eka 1996 esa fjVk;j djs osM+gkj fujks.kk x=ksB esa o¥h jfg;ks gqvks ,sa mrs fgdq Hkwaxks&?kj fc tksM+k;kb±A gqu lanfl t+ky iq"ik th enn lka can fFkvy fgd ljdkjh Ldwy [ks fc ojh 'kq: djk;ks gqvksA lk/kq oklok.kh fe'ku ¼iw.ks½ th ekyh enn lka mrs fgdq vaxzst+h Ldwy fc 'kq: djk;kb±A gqu x=sp ,sa xq=>kjrqafu rs tsdk [kkstuk dbZ] mu[ks fdrkch 'kdy esa fi.kq vkanh vFkbZA MkW- fxnok.khv fujks.kk x=ksB esa jgh

izks- vklu oklok.kh uo;qodfu [ks yydkj M=hans fy[ks Fkks %

djs tqnk tqnk dkjhxjfu thva r yksgkj] dqaHkj] /kksch] lqFkM+] jaxjst+

^dHkh geus fl[kk uk vkalw cgkuk]

oxS+jg tsds vkSt+kj bLreky dank vkfgu] mUgfu tk flU/kh y¶+t fc

fdlh ds iSjksa esa u lj dks >qdkuk*

tek d;k gqvkA bUgfu y¶+tfu tk vyx= 'kCndks"k rS;kj dj.k th MkW-

MkW- fgaxksjk.kh 27oha Qjojh 2015 rs pkyk.kks djs fo;kA

¼4½ MkW- ijlks fxnok.kh % iw.ks ts fgu fo}ku egd+d+ ,sa rbyhehnku [ks c=uh ,jk;t+hv tks dksyacl pbZ lf?kts FkksA c=uhv esa fc flU/kh ek.gw jgfu Fkk ,sa mUgfu th c=ksyh] yksdxhr] jhr&fjokt+ lHkqq dq> ikfdLrku ts vlwyds flU/k tfgM+k bZ vkfgu bgk t=k.k lHk[kka ifgjha MkW- ijls fxnok.khv lewjh nqfu;k [ks fM=uh gqbZA c=uh dPN ft+ys tks fgdq ,fgM+ks fgLlks vkgs] tafgath t+ehu rs tqnk tqnk 40 fd+Lefu tks xkgq iSnk fFk;s FkksA rd+jhcu 3000 pkSjl fd-eh- ts ,jk;t+hv esa Qfgfy;y c=uhv esa 48 x=ksBM+k ,sa dq> fc=;wa fjgk;'kwa ¼tafga[ks ^oka<* pbts Fkks½ vkfgfuA 19 xzke iapkbrqfu esa fojgkby c=uhv esa eqlyeku] fgUnw ,sa ok<k bva eq[;:i lka fVªfu tkrhv tk ek.gw jgfu FkkA MkW- fxnok.khv t=k.kk;ks vkgs r c=uh fcydqy flU/k bZ vkgsA fgfr [k+kfyl flU/kh c=ksyh x=kYgkbZ osanh vkgsA fgfr flU/kh yksd laLÑfrv tk

flU/kh bUMyfB & 37

fxnok.khv th [+okfg'k gqbZ ij v¥k mgk eqdey u Fkh vkgsA c=uhv ts jgkdwfu tks etgc bLyke vkgsA 16 gha fMlEcj 2004 ts M=hagq MkW- ijlks vlka lka ges'kg ykb eksdyk;s fo;ksA

¼5½ MkW- ts=Bks ykyok.kh % vgenkckn ts jgkdw MkW- t=sBks ykyok.khv fi.kq c=uhv rs [kkstuk djs MkW- ukjk;.k Hkkjrhv ts jguqekbZv gsfB eqacbZ ;qfuoflZVhv eka MkWDVjsV th fMxzh gkflyq dbZ vkgsA gqufu th Fkhfll tks muoku vkgs ^c=uhv tk flU/kh yksdxhr*A c=uhv tk ek.gw fut flU/kh c=ksyh x=kYgkb±nk vkfgfuA MkW- ykyok.khv iafgats Fkhfll esa fyf[k;ks vkgs r dPN c=uhv esa eqlyeku d+kSe esa iBk.k tr] gkys iks«kk] eqrok] uksM+s] lqejk] fgaxksjtk] lek] HkkVh ,sa jk;'kh iks«kk vkdfgfu okjk d+chyk jgfu FkkA fojgk³s ts ?k.ks bZ lkyfu [kka vx=q bgs ek.gw dPN esa ofl;y vkfgfu] budjs bUgfu th c=ksyh [k+kfyl flU/kh vkgsA fojgk³s cSbn Hkkjr esa tsds flU/kh vk;k] vt=q mUgfu th flU/kh c=ksyhv rs ed+kuh Hkk"kk tks ,fgM+ks vlj fi;ks vkgs] tks flU/kh Hkk"kk eka ?k.ksbZ vlqydk y¶+t+ xqe Fkh fo;k vkfgfu] ij c=uhv esa jganM+ flU/kh;qfu th c=ksyhv esa Qsjks dksu vk;ks vkgsA flU/kh bUMyfB & 38

c=uhv tk ek.gw ik.k [ks flU/kh bZ lM=kbfu FkkA fgrmatk flU/kh feVh ,sa xkg tks bLreky djs rS;kj d;y Hkwaxfu esa bZ jgfu FkkA flU/k th

foHkkx* 'kq: d;ks fo;ks vkgsA eqjyh xksfoank.kh] ,e- Mh- jkepank.kh] jks'ku xksiyk.khv xfM=th djs bgks deq d;ks vkgsA

egekuokt+h] flU/kh laxhr ,sa dpgfj;qfu tks yqRQ+ c=uhv esa ek.ks lf?kts FkksA 'kkg yrhQ+ tk cSr ,sa ok;wa vt=q fc c=uhv th fQ+t+ka esa xqatfu fi;k

¼4½ lnkg;kr ,sa xkSjo iqjLdkj lka uokft;y 'k[l rstwey Hkkx=pank.kh ¼rst dkfcy½v dPN ts ?kqe.k tksx=k ga/kfu rs fgd fdrkc

FkkA

^dPN th ;k«kk* fc fyf[k;ks vkgsA MkW- ykyok.kh dPN [ks lanfl deZHkwfe djs e¥hnks vkgsA MkWykyok.khv c=uhv tk yksdxhr] c=uhv tks flU/kh yksd vnc] xqtjkrhv

¼5½ iw.ks ts yNe.k [kw+cpank.khv ts bUMl ,T;wds'ku VªLV th ekyh

esa ^flU/kquaq ogsrqa uhj] flU/kh dPNh yksd laxhr&yksd u`R; ,sa flU/kh

enn lka ^c=uhv twa x=q>kjrwa* fdrkc 'kk;v dbZ osbZ vkgsA fgu fdrkc tks

dPNh yksd ijaijk bva iat fdrkc fc fyf[k;k vkfgfuA bgs fdrkc dPN

laiknu c=Uuhv ts jgkdw ,sa flU/kh vnhc ,sa c=uh flU/kq lsok la?k ts lfpo

rs [kkstuk dj.k ykb jsQjUl fdrkc rkSj d+rc vk.ks lf?ktfu FkkA

dyk/kj eqrok d;ks vkgsA

c=uhv tk [kkoM+k ,sa fc=;u x=ksBM+fu&'kgjfu tk yksgk.kk d+kSe tk

¼6½ rksyk.kh dkWelZ dkWyst ts izksQslj ,u- Vh- rxyk.khv fc dPN

ek.gw nfj;kyky th iwt=k dank vkfgfuA /kke/kwe lka psVªhpaMq eygkb±nk

esa lu~ 2001 esa vk;y t+yt+ys ts fygkt+ [kka vH;klq djs ih,p-Mh- dbZ

vkfgfu ,sa x=kb±nk vkfgfu %

vkgsA mu tks muoku gqvks] ^t+yt+ys [kka vx=q ,sa t+yt+ys [kka iksbZ ekuo fodkl*A

^>wys jruk.kh] >wys jruk.kh] ykbd yky mM=sjks jruk.kh jktk >wys jruk.kh] >wys jruk.kh jktk

eryc r dPN rs ?k.ksbZ ek.gwfu] rgdhdkr djs fjlpZ isilZ fc

vkgse r ihj Hkysjks] jruk.kh jktk yky mM=sjks*

lsehukjfu esa is'k d;k vkfgfu] ih,p-Mh- dbZ vkgs ,sa fdrkc fc fyf[k;k vkfgfu ,sa nqfu;k th fgdM+h dqaM esa d+nhe ld+kQ+r iafgats fny esa /kkjs

bUgfu iatfu fo}kufu [kka flok; fc=;fu fla/kh;qfu fc dPN rs [kkstuk dbZ vkgs ftva r %

fydk;s osBy ua<M+h ,jk;t+hv [ks mtkxj dj.k twaw dkfe;kc dksf'k'kwa d;wa vkfgfuA

¼1½ nsgyh ;qqfuoflZVhv ts flU/kh c=ksyhv ts izksQslj MkW- eqjyh/kj tsVys ,sa MkW- jfo Vsdpank.khv fi.kq c=uh ,sa xksjsokyh x=ksB esa o¥h yksd laLÑfrv th ohfMvks fjdkfM±x dbZ vkgsA ¼2½ flU/kh vnhc t;ar jsyok.kh ¼jktdksV½ fc flU/k] dPN ,sa dkfB;kokM+ ¼lkSjk"Vª½ ts ik.k esa ykx=kifu tks xfgjks vH;klq djs fgUnh rksM+s flU/khv esa ^flU/k&dPN dkfB;kokM+ tk lH;frd ukrk* muoku lka fgdq xzaFk rS;kj d;ks vkgs tks dPN rs [kkstuk danM+fu ykb fgdq da+nhyq c.kth fi;ks vkgsA ¼3½ flU/kkykthv lka tqfM+;y fgd izksQ+slj izhre ofj;k.khv fc iafgats lkfFk;qfu lka xM=th c=uh] lqFkjh] >qjk] fujks.kk ox+Sjg x=ksBM+fu esa o¥h]

?kqeh

fQjh

flU/kh

yksdxhr&laxhr

fjdkMZ

d;k

vkfgfuA

flU/kkykthv esa r fgu ykb fgd tqnk foHkkx ^yksd lkfgR;&dyk flU/kh bUMyfB & 39

flU/kh bUMyfB & 40

flU/k] flU/kh ,sa xka/khth

fld vkgs] ij eka tM=afga ifgfj;ksa Hksjks 1916 esa flU/k th eqykd+kr ojrh r eq[ks fla/k ykb [k+kl df'k'k iSnk Fkh gqbZ ,sa flU/kh iztk ,sa eqafgats fop esa fgdq ukrks d+k;e Fkh fo;ks gqvksA^ po.k tks eryc vkgs r flfU/k;qfu xka/khv [ks fgd vkyk ntZs+ ts usrk ts :i esa Lohdkj d;ks gqvks ,sa flU/kh

eksgunkl djepan xka/kh] tafga[ks vlka gk.ks egkRek xka/kh djs lq¥k.kqa Fkk] mu Hkkjr [ks vaxzst+fu ts tq+Yeh iats eka vkt+kn djk;ks gqvksA gqu ts lR;] vfgalk ,ssa vlgdkj okjs rt+qZcfu ,sa rgfjdqfu vkt+knhv th gypy [ks fgdq ;d+huh jq[k+ vrk d;ks gqvks ,sa lfHkuh usrkmfu ts lkFk&lgdkj fey.k rs Hkkjr th vkt+knhv tks vkanksyu d+kfe;kcq fFk;ks gqvks ,sa 15gha vkxLV 1947 rs Hkkjr [ks vkt+kn nsl tks ntksZ fefy;ks gqvksA bu Lora«krk ts vkanksyu esa flU/kh ek.gwfu tks fc p³ks ;ksxnku jfg;y vkgs tks fc=;s dafga fc tkrh ;k lekt [kka ?kfV ukgsA fgdq rokjh[k+h lpq bgks vkgs r bu ,oft+ flfU/k;qfu [ks dq>q gkflyq fFk;.k r ijs th x=kfYg vkgs] ij buesa r lt=ks flU/k eqYdq bZ c=yhv rs p<+k;ks fo;ks gqvksA vkt+knhv ts bu ;K esa lewjs flU/k th vkgwrh fM=uh osbZA fl;klh usrkmfu ts lkEgw flfU/k;qfu th dk fc u gyh ,sa rdjhcu 13 y[k fla/kh yfM= iyk.k djs] flU/kw unhv tk fdukjk NM=s] iafgatks fi;kjks oru] eky fefyfd;r] ?kj&t+ehu NM=s djs Hkkjr esa vk;k gqvkA tsds flU/kh Hkkjr ts vkt+knhv vx=q dksaxzsl lka xM=q gqvk] ls flU/kh dksaxzsl [kka ijs gfy;k fo;kA ?k.ksbZ flfU/k;qfu [ks fx=phv rkb± id gqbZ r xka/kh fojgk³ks u fFkv.kq M=hUnks] ij oM=k fl;klh usrk vyk, dfgM+h fl;klh ,sa etgch jkafn djs fo;k] tafgatks Hkksx=q flU/kh tkrh c.kth ibZA xka/khv [ks fc flU/k ykb M=k<h fNd gqbZA mu[ks flfU/k;qfu th ,srjh fld feyh gqbZ] ek.gwfu tks lkFk&lgdkj fefy;ks gks] tks gqu lr Hksjk fla/k tk nkSjk d;k gqvk & lu~ 1916] 1917] 1920] 1921] 1929] 1931 ,sa 1934 esaA gqu flfU/k;qfu [ks vkt+knh gypy esa f?kM+.k ykb izsj.kk fM=uh gqbZA ?k.ksbZ flU/kh efgykmfu fc bu vkanksyu esa fgLlks ofjrks gqvksA ijnslh phtaw+fu tks cfg"dkj] 'kjkc canh] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu] ued lR;kxzg tfgM+fu dk;ZØefu esa cfgjks ojrks gqvks ,sa tsy esa fi.k o;wa gq;waA 1929 esa xka/khv fyf[k;ks gqvks r ^Hkkjr th gj fgd 'kS ykb ewa[ks

flU/kh bUMyfB & 41

fc xka/khv th dks x=kfYg tks cqjks u e¥hank gqvkA Jh ds- vkj- eydk.khv iafgats fgd fdrkc ^fn flU/k LVksjh*v esa fgdq ckcq fyf[k;ks vkgs] tafga tks muoku vkgs] ^eka flU/kh vkfg;ka&xka/kh*A eryc r xka/kh ik.k [ks fgd flU/k ,sa flU/khv ts :i esa lM=k;s FkksA fgu psIVj esa eydk.khv xka/khv lka dq>q flU/kh usrk thva r fo".kq 'kekZ] vkpk;Z ts- ch- Ñikyk.kh] vkpk;Z ,- Vh- fxnok.kh] izks- eydk.kh] MkW- pksbFkjke fxnok.kh] t;jkenkl nkSyrjke ,sa fc=;u lka ts ds ykx=kik jfg;k ,sa dq>q ekSd+fu rs 'kkfey fFk;k gqvk mutks ft+Øq d;ks vkgsA xka/khv [kq+n fc lanfl ^vkRedFkk* esa dq>q flfU/k;qfu tks ft+Øq d;ks vkgsA bufu [kka vykok xka/khv tk HkkbZ izrkijk;

,e- fM=;ynkl]

nknk nq[kk;y] vkuan fga³ksjk.khv lka fi.kq nksLrkuk rkyqd+kr gqvkA fgufu lfHkuh xka/khv [ks ru] eu ,sa /ku lka vaxzst+h gqdwer [ks Hkkjr eka nwj dj.k ykb enn dbZ gqbZA fgufu fc Lora«krk laxzke esa iqfyl ts ykfB;qfu th ekj [kk/kh gqbZ] [kknhv tk diM+k ikrk gqvk ,sa tsy esa fi.k ?k.ksbZ M=haga ?kkfj;k gqvkA

¼1½ vkt+knhv th gypy [kka vx=q fc dq>q flfU/k;qfu xka/khv th ,sa lkEgwa xka/khv fc flfU/k;qfu th enn dbZ gqbZA d+kuwu th ¼ykW½ i<+kbZ dj.k xka/kh tM=fga yaMu fo;k gqvk r 'kq:vkr esa jg.k th rd+yhQ Fkh gqvfl ,sa gw fgd egkaxh foDVksfj;k gksVy esa o¥h jfg;k gqvkA iksb ekYVk nsl ts fgd flU/khv] tsdks xka/khv lka xM=q bZ ik.kh tgkt+ esa bZ lQ+j djs vk;ks gqvks] mu xka/khv ts jg.k yk; fc=;s gafn ?kfV iSlfu esa cankscLr d;ks gqvksA

¼2½ 1893 esa lh- ,y- yNhjke ukys fgd flU/kh okikjhv xka/khv [ks ^ukrky bfUM;u dkaxzsl* Bkfg.k esa enn dbZ gqbZA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 42

¼3½ 1899 esa csfjLVj xka/khv ,fgM+fu lrfu flU/kh okikfj;qfu ykb

mUgfu M=hagafu esa :i;k 400 dekb±nks gqvksA mueka flQ+Z :i;k pkyhg

dksVZ esa dsl yfM+;ks gqvks ftu [ks M=[k.k vkÝhdk esa o¥.k th eksdy u

iafgats [k+pZ ykb ik.k ofV j[kh ckdh jd+e ¼360½ gw MkW- pksbFkjke

isbZ fM=uh o¥sA bu jhr McZu ts js'ke ts fgd okikjh ds- gwanksey [ks fi.k

fxnok.khv [ks gSnjkckn fM=;kjs eksdyhanks gqvks ftfu [ks MkW- fxnok.kh

xka/khv enn dbZ gqbZA

czãkp;Z vkJe ts lapkyu esa [k+pZ danks gqvks!

J.B.½ fØikyk.khv th xka/khv

¼4½ vkpk;Z thorjke Hkxokunkl ¼

ts thou ,sa dedkjfu esa ?k.kh vgfe;r gqbZA VSxksj ts 'kkafr fudsru

xka/kh ,sa fØikyk.khv ts fop esa dq>q oSpkfjd erHksn gqvkA xka/khth le>ank gqvk r vkt+knh vfgald rjhds lka gkflyq FkhUnh ij Ñikyk.khv tks fopkj bu[kka mcrM+ gqvksA

fo|kihB esa xka/khv th eqykdkr Jh fØikyk.khv lka 1915 esa Fkh gqbZA

fØikyk.khv xka/khv [ks ^egkRek* djs dksu d+cwfy;ks gqvksA gw

1947 esa vaxzst+fu [kka vkt+knh feyh mu oDr Jh fØikyk.kh dkaxzsl

poank gqvk r xka/khv [kka fc lqBk ,sa ?k.ksbZ egku czãpkjh vkfgfuA xka/kh]

ikVhZv tks lnjq gqvksA 1912 [kka 1917 nkSjku Ñikyk.kh ,y- ,l- dkyst

fØikyk.khv [ks izksQ+slj djs lM=hank gqvk ij lkEgwa fØikyk.kh mu[ks

¼mu oDr tks ukyks xzh;j ch- ch- dkyst½ eqt+Qjiqj esa vaxzsth rksM+s

feLVj xka/kh poank gqvkA ,fgM+k r dq>q fc=;s eqÌk fc vkfgfu tafga rs

bfrgkl fo"k; tks izksQ+slj gqvksA

mUgfu fc=Ughfu ts ohpkjfu esa Hksn gqvkA Jh fØikyk.kh dq>q vjls ykb

xka/khv vgenkckn ¼lkcjerh½ esa vkJe th LFkkiuk dbZ gqbZ

xka/khv ikjka cjik d;y xqtjkr fo|kihB tk vkpk;Z fc c.kth jfg;k

rM=afga vkJe ts usefu th fgd dkih fØikyk.khv [ks ut+j lkuhv ykb

gqvkA budjs mUgfu ts ukys vfx=;ka ^vkpk;Z* y¶+t+ tqM+h fo;ks vkgsA

eksfdyh gqbZA fgu usefu [ks fØikyk.khv vthc ,sa ukd+kfcys vey d+jkj

fØikyk.kh tks lkQ+ jk;ks gks r vlka tsdj xka/khv ts po.k rs gyaw gk r

M=sbZ okifl d;k gqvkA mUgfu esa fgdq d+k;nks bva fc gqvks r vkJe esa

fojgk³ks fFk, bZ u gkA

jganM+ t+ky ,sa eqfM+l [ks Hkkm&Hks.kq okaxqj jg.kks ioanksA

Jh fØikyk.kh oM=h mej esa ¼ia>kg [kka Fkksjh ?kfV½ tM=afga lqpsrk

ekpZ&vizsy 1917 esa fcgkj ts paikj.k ft+ys esa xqyh iSnk danM+

etewnkj lka 'kknh dj.k tks Q+Slyks d;ks rM=afga fc xka/khv [ks bgk x=kfYg

fdlkufu xksM+q d;ks gqvksA Nk dk.k r vaxzst+ veynkj xqyhv th iSnkokj

ukeatwj gqbZA xka/khv [ks Mªiq gqvks r gw iafgatks [k+kl] fo'oklq ,sa rtq+csZnkj

rs v?kq fc ?kfV M=hUnk gqvk ,sa VsDl o/khd oBank gqvk ,sa fc=;s fc dq>q

lkFkh fo¥k, NM=hanksA iksb lqpsrk xka/khv [ks p;ks r rOgka[ks r ik.k fgdq

x=kfYg;wa gq;wa tafgats djs fdlkufu [ks uqdlku Fkhanks gqvks bu djs fdlku

uvksa lkFkh feyanksA iksb xka/khv bu 'kknhv [ks vk'khokZn fM=;.k d+cwfy;ks

?k.kk ukjkt+ gqvkA bgks elbyks lqy>kb.k ykb xka/khv mrs o¥.k tks

gqvks ,s fØikyk.khv th lqpsrk lka 'kknh Fkh gqbZA lqpsrk Hkkjr th iafgajh

ohpkj d;ks gqvksA xka/khv mrs rkjh[k 10gha vizsy 1917 igqaph djs

efgyk eq[;ea«kh cf.kth gqbZA gw 1963 [kka 1967 nkSjku mÙkjizns'k th

^paikj.k lR;kxzg* 'kq: djk;ksA mu lka xM=q ts- ch- fØikyk.kh fc fo;k

eq[;ea«kh c.kh gqbZA

gqvkA paikj.k igqap.k [kka vxq= xka/kh] fØikyk.khv ofV eqt+Q+jiqj fo;k gqvkA Jh fØikyk.kh rM=fga 'kknh'kqnk dksu gqvks ,sa gw ik.k lanfl lkFkh

¼5½ xka/khv tk vkpk;Z ,- Vh- fxnok.kh ¼1890&1935½ lka fc lqBk

izksQslj ukjk;.k eydk.khv ts ?kj esa jganks gqvksA mrs c= M=haga fVdh iksb

rkyqd+kr gqvkA ij vQ+lksl tks fxnok.kh ua<h t=ekj esa bZ xqt+j djs

xka/khth fØikyk.khv [ks oBh paikj.k fo;k gqvkA mu oD+r ts ekgksy esa

fo;k] budjs muth 'kf[+l;r ,sa cqf)erk ¼t+gkur½ tks Q+k;nks xka/kh oBh

ljdkjh dkyst tks fgdq izksQ+slj xka/khv [ks iafgats ?kj esa fVdk;ks gqvks]

dksu lf?k;kA vkpk;Z fxnok.khv nsgyhv th jketl dksyst ts

mgk fgd [k+kl x=kfYg gqbZA

fizUlhiky ts mgns rka bLrhQ+k M=bZ djs iksb vgenkckn esa xqtjkr

xka/khv iafgath ^vkRedFkk* esa fyf[k;ks vkgs r izksQslj fØikyk.kh flU/kh bUMyfB & 43

fo|kihB ts fizUlhiky tks mgnks vph laHkkfy;ks gqvksA xka/khv vkpk;Z flU/kh bUMyfB & 44

fxnok.khv ykb p;ks gqvks r] ^gw flQ+Z fgdq fo}ku ukgs] ij lksu tfgM+s

fyf[k;kA mUgfu xka/khv ,sa usg:v th vkRedFkkmfu tk flU/khv esa

lkQ+ ,sa 'kq) pfj«k tks ek.gw vkgs*] vkpk;Z fxnok.khv ts vksfprs ekSr

vuqokn d;k gqvkA

fFkv.k rs f[k+jkts vd+hnr M=hans xka/khv fyf[k;ks gqvks r ^bUlkfu;r tk

1927 esa tM=fga izks- eydk.kh [ks gSnjkckn ts Mh- th- us'kuy

,fgM+k 'ksod dM=fga fc ejank ukfgfu] ij gqufu ikjka d;y 'ksokmfu th

dkyst esa ukSdjh fefy;fl r t+ky ts ncko gsfB ,sa th-th- us'kuy

f'kdy esa ft+Unk jgank vkfgfuA xka/khv fxnok.kh eseksfj;y Q+aM tek djs

dkyst ts fizUlhiky Jh ,u- oh- Fk/kk.khv ts le>kb.k rs izks- eydk.kh

xqtjkr esa [ksM+k x=ksB esa fgdq ^gfjtu gksLVy* rkehj djkbZ gqbZ] tk gk.ks

xka/khthv lka lykg e'kfojk fc dku dbZ ,sa iafgats lqn vgenkckn eka

^vkpk;Z fxnok.kh gksLVy* ts ukys lq¥krh o¥s FkhA fxnok.kh ts ifjokj

yM=s fo;kA bu x=kfYg tks xka/khv [ks M=k<ks cqjks yx=ks gks ,sa xka/khv 26gha

[ks xka/khv folkfj;ks u gqvksA xka/khv] fxnok.khv th t+ky Hks.k xaxk [ks

twu rs eydk.khv [ks iafgats lnes tks bt+gkj djs [k+r fyf[k;ks gqvksA

^cgknqj ifrv th cgknqj iRuh* djs lfM=;ks gqvksA mu[ks thou&chek

xka/khv fyf[k;qfu r] ^fo|kihB tks Nk Fkhanks] eka mu th ijokg uFkks

¼ykbQ+ bU';ksjsUl½ tks deq 'kq: dj.k ykb ikjr danM+ fpðh fc fy[kh

dfj;ka] ij fgd ek.gwv tks Nk FkhUnks mu th ewa[ks fpUrk fFk, FkhA bZ'oj

fM=uh gqbZ] thva r xaxk [ks dekbZ fFk, ,sa c=kjfu [ks fuik, l?ksA

rOgka[ks ,sa ewa[ks enn djs 'kyA*

¼6½ paikj.k lR;kxzg ykb fcgkj o¥.k [kka vx=q fc=u M=hagafu ykb xka/kh izks- ,u- vkjeydk.khv ts ?kj o¥h fVfd;ks gqvksA

mu[kka iksb fo|kihB ts vkpk;Z fØikyk.khv [ks fi.k 10gha

rM=fga [kka

tqykbZv rs [k+r fy[kh xka/khv lanfl ,glklu tks btgkj d;ks gqvksA

xka/kh ,sa eydk.khv ts fop esa nksLrkuk rkyqd+kr Fkh fo;k gqvkA izks-

xka/khv fyf[k;ks gks r] *fgu [k+cj ¼eydk.kh tks fcuk c=q/kk, gfy;ks o¥.kq½

ukjk;.k eydk.kh ¼1890&1974½ fgdq lekth 'ksodq ,sa Lora«krk lSukuh

eaw[ks Hk¥h NfM=;ks vkgs] Nkdkf.k r izks- eydk.khv [ks eka fgd os>ks nksLr

fc gqvksA gw dsoyjke eydk.kh tks lHk [kka oM=ks Hkkm gqvksA 1973 esa gqufu

le>anks gksfl*A

[ks Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka in~e Hkw"k.k ts f[k+rkc lka fc uokft;ks fo;ks gqvksA

vkpk;Z ,u- oh- Fk/kk.kh [ks fc 19gha tqykbZv tks [k+r fy[kh xka/khv

gw 1952 [kka oBh 1962 bva fc=u eqnfu ykb jkT; lHkk tks lnL; fi.kq

iafgatk lwj c=q/kk;k gqvkA ^izks- eydk.kh 'kkfxZnfu ykb fgdq vkn'kZ

jfg;ks

gqvksA 1913 esa eqt+Q+jiqj ts lh-ch-ch- dksyst esa bdkukfeDl tks

izksQ+slj ,sa Hkkjr ykb menk cks/kikB lkfcr fFk, gkA ckjM=ksyh lR;kxzg

izksQ+slj gqvks] ftfr vkpk;Z Ñikyk.kh fc de danks gqvksA 1920 esa izks- ,u-

[kka eka ,srjks ijs'kku dksu fFk;ks gksfl] tsrjks eydk.khv ts o¥.k lka

vkj- eYdk.kh xqtjkr fo|kihB esa vk;ks gqvks mrs vklwnksey fxnok.kh

fFk;ks vkfg;kaA fo|kihB tgfM+;qfu ?k.ksbZ laLFkkmfu ts yg&p<+ tks eka

¼vkpk;Z ,- Vh- fxnok.kh½ fizUlhiky ts mgns rs gqvksA 1927 esa Jh

'kkfgn vkfg;kaA mUgfu eka dq>q bnkjfu ykb eka ?k.kks fparkrqj vkfg;kaA

ukjk;.knkl [ks gSnjkckn ts us'kuy dksyst esa izksQ+slj th ukSdjh yx=hA

eka bu lnes eka v¥k c=kfgj dksu vph lf?k;ks vkfg;kaA*

1928 esa xka/khv lka flU/k esa eqykdkr ojrh gqbZ ,sa mrs izks- ,u- vkjeydk.kh lka xfM=;k gqvkA

nsl [ks cgrjhu izksQ+slj fM=;.k ts ,oft+ xka/khv flU/k th lkjkg fc dbZ vkgsA xqtjkr fo|kihB ts flU/kh izksQ+sljfu tks ft+Øq dans]

lu~ 1930 esa ued lR;kxzg nkSjku gqufu [ks fxj¶+rkj djs iq.ks th

xqtjkr ,sa flU/k fop fFk;y d+jkj ewftcq xka/khv xqtjkr ts fo|kfFkZ;qfu

;joM+k tsy esa jf[k;ks fo;ks gqvksA 1931 esa xka/kh&bjohu le>kSrs [kka iksb

[ks cksM=&jkgr ts dk;ZdrkZ rkSj flU/k o¥.k ,sa bva flU/k tks dt+qZ ykfg.k

mUgfu [ks fjgk d;ks fo;ks gqvksA ojh vkDVkscj 1931 esa fxj¶+rkj d;k

ykb fc pos FkksA

fo;k ,sa vizSy 1932 rkb± tsy esa jf[k;k fo;k gqvkA ^fDoV bfUM;k* gypy nkSjku 1942 esa ojh gqu [ks tsy feyh gqbZA 1945 esa fjgk d;k

¼7½ Jh t;jkenkl nkSyrjke vkfyepank.kh ¼1891&1979½ fgdq

fo;kA fgu nkSjku izks- eydk.khv flU/kh ,sa vaxzsthv esa dq>q fdrkc

d+nkoj] uez ,sa menk dkaxzslh gqvksA lanfl tue 21&7&1891 fla/k ts

flU/kh bUMyfB & 45

flU/kh bUMyfB & 46

djkph 'kgj esa fFk;ks gqvksA d+k;nk&dkuwu th i<+kbZ djs gqu odkyr tks

eqacbZ fo/kkulHkk esa /kkjklH; ¼MLC½ in rs pwaMth vk;k gqvkA ij iksb

is'kks 'kq: d;ks] ij dq>q les [kka iksb t+ehj lka iksrkesy u fFk;.k rs gqufu

xka/khthv ts lM= rs bgks in NM=s fM=ukÅaA 1930 esa xka/khth ^ued

odkyr NM=s fM=uh gqbZA odkyr ts is'ks esa tsds] jLrk ,sa jhrwa vktek;wa

lR;kxzg* 'kq: dj.k okjk gqvkA bu ckor xka/khv t;jkenkl [ks [k+r

o¥u fFk;wa ,sa dwM+ x=kfYg.k iofu Fkk] muu ts gw f[kykQ+ gqvkA xka/khv lka

fyf[k;ks gqvksA xka/khv fyf[k;ks gqvfu] ^eka fons'kh diM+fu tks ck;dksV

fc lkx=h gkyr Fkh gqbZA

¼cfg"dkj½ dj.k okjh dkesVhv tks gokyks laHkkfy;ks vkgsA fgu de yk,

lu~ 1915 esa t;jkenkl tks xka/khv lka t+krh jkfcrks fFk;ks gqvks]

ewa fgdq Qw+y Vkbe lfpo j[k.k tks lksfp;ks vkgsA ewa[ks rOgka [kka o/khd

rM=fga xka/khv M=[k.k vkfÝdk eka eksVh Hkkjr vk;ks gqvksA mrs xka/khv

cgsrj ,sa lqBks 'k[+lq feyh dksu l?kanksA* t;jkenkl rqjar iafgath ,e-

jaxHksn th uhfrv f[kykQ+ vkokt+ mFkkfj;ks gqvksA xka/khv lka eqykd+kr

,y-lh- th cSBd rka bLrhQ+k M=bZ NM=h ,sa xka/khv lka vph fefy;kA

dj.k cSfn t;jkenkl

foyk;rh diM+fu ts ck;dksV th bgk rgjhd ?k.kh d+kfe;kc jgh gqbZA

mUgfu lka p³ks eqÙkkflj fFk;k gqvk ,sa mUgfu tk

nksLr rksM+s iksb yx=k c.kth fo;k gqvkA xka/khth] t;jkenkl [kka

dq>q eqlyekufu t;jkenkl [ks osM+gkd ¼Communal½ gqv.k tks

rdjhcu 22 lky oM=k gqvkA fc=Ughfu ts ohpkjfu esa fgd tfgM+kbZ gqbZ ,sa

M=ksgh djs ysf[k;ks gqvks rM=fga xka/khthv gqufu [ks p;ks gks r] ^eka

ed+ln fc fgd gqvks& Hkkjr th vkt+knhA

t;jkenkl tks d+le Fkks [k.kka r gqu tfgM+ks lpks bUlkuq eaw[ks vt=q rkb±

lu~ 1919 esa ve`rlj esa fFk;y dkaxzsl th fgd cSBd esa dksbZ Bgjko ckcr fdVfiV Fkh gqbZ ,sa xka/khv ts lkEgwa Jh fryd] lh- vkj-

u fefy;ks vkgsA gw eqlyekufu ts f[kykQ+ ukgs] gw ,sa MkW- pksbFkjke c=bZ t=.kk fgUnq&eqfLye ,drk tk izkseksVj vkfgfuA*

nkl ,sa eksgEen vyhv fop dks xfgjks erHksn Fkh fi;ks gqvks] rM=fga

lu~ 1941 esa fla/k izns'k dkaxzsl dfeVhv tk lnj MkW- pksbFkjke

'kkafrv lka t;jkenkl xka/khv ts ohpkjfu [ks ljy c=ksyhv esa le> esa

dks eqns ckcr xka/khthv [kka lykg ?kqjh] rM=fg xka/khthv gqu [ks p;ks gks

vpfu rhva is'k djs ik.k esa le>ksrks djk;ks gqvfuA bu lka lfHkuh twa

r] ^rOgka[ks thva t;jkenkl pos Fkks rhva d;ksA gqufu ts rt+qjcs ,sa

x+yr Q+gehÅa nwj Fkh fo;wa gq;waA

fl;k.ki rs ewa[ks vVwV fo'okl vkgsA*

mu M=haga [kka oBh xka/khv ts fny esa t;jkenkl ykb fo'okl ,sa

lu~ 1930 esa fued lR;kxzg njE;ku djkphv esa iqfyl Q+k;fjax

J)k iSnk Fkh obZ gqbZA xka/khv] t;jkenkl [ks Hkkjr ts fgd egku

dbZ gqbZA tfgaesa t;jkenkl [ks ta?k esa xksyh yx=h gqbZA rafgars xka/khthv

'kf[+l;rqfu esa 'kqekj djs NfM=;ks gqvksA xka/khth gquu th HksV lksu lka

t;jkenkl [ks ok/kk;wa MhanM+ rkj dbZ gqbZA ^t;jkenkl rOgka [kq'kulhc

dank gqvk ,sa poank gqvk r] ^eka t;jkenkl tks d+le Fkks [k.kkaA gqufu

vkfg;ksA ta?k esa yfx=;y xksyh tsy [kka cgsrj vkgsA*

tfgM+ks lpks bUlku ewa[ks vt=q rkb± u fefy;ks vkgsA* xka/khv ikjka gyk;y lHksbZ rgjhdqfu esa t;jkenkl p³s 'kkSad lka cfgjks ojrks gqvksA 1920 esa vlgdkj vkanksyu [kka oBh 1942 th ^Hkkjr

1957 esa xka/khthv ts d;y defu ckcr fgdq fdrkc ^dysDVsM oDlZ vkWQ+ egkRek xka/kh* 'kk;v d;ks fo;ks gqvks tafgatks laiknu Jh t;jkenkl d;ks gqvksA

NfM=;ks* rgjhd rkb± ts nkSj esa gw ?k.ksbZ Hksjk tsy esa fc fo;k gqvkA

Jh t;jkenkl nsoukxjh fla/khv esa fgdq fdrkcq fyf[k;ks gqvksA

t;jkenkl lu~ 1928 [kka 1940 rkb± dkaxzsl ts egkea«khv th dqlhZ fc

mu fdrkc esa xka/khv rs fgd ys[k ^bUlku tks oM=ks Hkkm* fyf[k;ks gqvksA

laHkkyh gqbZA

ist ua- 79&82 rs bgks ys[k vkgsA mu tk dq>q va'k fgfr fM=tfu FkkA

t;jkenkl fgd lqBk lgkQ+h ¼i«kdkj½ fc gqvkA dq>q vjls ykb

^^egkREkk xka/khv th lHk [kka oM=h [k+kfl;r fgu i`Foh rs jganM+fu

gqufu ^fn fgUnw*] ^fn fgUnqLrku VkbEl* ,sa xka/khthv tks g¶+rsokj ^;ax

lHkuh ek.gwfu ykb xfgjks ,sa csgfn izse vkgsA ft+Unxhv tk iks;ka 50 lky

bfUM;k* tks laiknu ¼,MhVj½ fi.kq laHkkfy;ks gqvksA 1926 esa t;jkenkl

r mUgfu iafgats ykb thv.kq bZ NM=s fM=uks gqvksA ifgats LokFkZ ykb

flU/kh bUMyfB & 47

flU/kh bUMyfB & 48

xka/khthv dq>q u d;ks gqvksA gqu tsds fc fl;klh ;k rokjh[k+h rgjhdwa

th bPNk eqftcq nq[kk;y ,sa lanfl x=kb±nM+ lkfFk;qfu [ks ckiwv ts tksM+h

gyk;wa ls fc iafgatfu cqfu;knh ohpkjfu rs vk/kkfj;y gq;waA gw lt=ks M=hagqa

cxhv vfx=;ka c=hv xkM=hv esa fogkfj;ks fo;ks] ftrka mgs x=kb±nk fi,

deq dank jgank gqvkA gw iafgats ftLe th laHkky bu djs danks gqvks tks

gfy;k] ^jke vk;ks ';ke vk;ks] xka/kh ?ku';ke vk;ks] Lojkt Fkh oBka M+s*A

fc=;fu th 'ksok dj.k ykb 'kjhj th ranqjqLrh t+:jh vkgsA Hkkstu fi.k

mUghv [kka iksb 1929 esa xka/khth fc=;ksa nQ+ks tM=fga ykyk

ik.k bZ ilan dank gqvkA dsfrjks ,sa Nk&Nk [kkb.kks vkgs lks ik.k r; dank

ytirjkb ;knxkj Qa+nq dBks dj.k ykb flU/k esa vk;k] rM=fga nq[kk;y

gqvkA lokn ykb u] ij cnu [ks dsrjh rkdr ?kqfjts bva lksps dsjs gw

lewjh flU/k izkUr esa lk.klq xM=q nkSjk d;k gqvkA mUghv nkSjs esa vkpk;Z

Hkkstuq dank gqvkA cnu rs fc ?kfV esa ?kfV diM+k ikbUnk gqvkA nsl th

fØikyk.kh rksM+s Jh t;jkenkl nkSyrjke fi.kq xka/khthv lka xM=q gqvkA

x+jhc iztk ofV t+:jh diM+k [k+jhn dj.k th ekyh rkd+r ukgs] r ewa[ks fc o/khd diM+k ikba.k tks dks vf/kdkj ukgsA ek.gwfu lka x=kYgkb.k

lky 1928 esa lkbeu dfe'ku ts iwju cfg"dkj ykb xka/khthv ts

oD+r

vx=okuhv gsfB eqYd [ks lM=q fM=uks gksA lkbeu dfe'ku djkphv esa igqps

fc gw pj[kks gykb±nk jgank gqvkA gw iafgats defu }kjk ek.gwfu [ks lans'kks

rafga [kka vx=q flU/kh dkaxzsl okjfu cfg"dkj [ks dkfe;kc dj.k ykb vke

M=hank jgank gqvkA jsYos esa xka/kh ges'kk FkMZ Dykl ts ncs esa osgh eqlkQ+jh

turk [ks rS;kj dj.kq pkfg;ks tafga ykb dfo nq[kk;y ,sa lanfl lkFkh

dank gqvkA jsy&izokl nkSjku gw ek.gwfu ts [k+rfu tk tokc fy[kanks

HkkbZ Vksywjke lesr fc=;u lkfFk;qfu [ks ykM+dk.ks ea>ka ?kqjk;ks gqvksA rM=fga

gqvkA ^gfjtu* v[kckj ykb fc yqM=anh x=kM=hv esa osBs&osBs ys[k fy[kank

^Fkhm lkbeu tYnq jokuks---* xhr fQ+tk esa xqat.k yx=ks gqvksA xka/khthv

gqvkA gw Hkkjroklh Fkh djs thvk gqvkA xka/khthv tks po.kq gks r dfgM+ks

1930bZ- esa fued lR;kxzg tks ,syku d;ks gqvksA gwanjkt nq[kk;y ts fny

fc /keZ Nks u gqts] lHkuh ykb vknj Hkkouk gqt.kq ?kqjtsA vfgalk bZ lR;

esa vkt+knhv ykb tqac'k iSnk dbZ ,sa gw mu gypy esa thv tkfu lka Vªih

¼gd+½ tks olhyks vkgsA lR; ¼lp½ th lgh ekuk xka/khthv nqfu;k [ks

fi;ksA gqu mRlkg QwdhnaM+ d+kSeh xhr fy[k.kq ,sa x=kb.kq 'kq: d;kA lanfl

ls[kkjh gqbZA egkRek pbZ fo;k gqvk r ^lp tks n'kZu vfgalk ts fcuk uFkks

d+kSeh jkx=fu lt=hv flU/k esa vkt+knhv ts vfgald ;q) M=kagqa [kw+c

Fkh l?ksA*

fNfd;ksA nq[kk;y Lons'kh izpkj] foyk;rh diM+s tks cfg"dkj rksM+s 'kjkc ts xqVfu rs fidsfVax dj.k ykb ua<fu oM=fu fo|kfFkZ;qfu ,sa 'kgj ts

¼8½ gwUnjkt yhykjke ek.ksd ;kfu in~e Jh nknk nq[kk;y fc

uotokufu th fgd lsuk Bkgs rS;kj dbZ tafgatks ukyks gks ^ckanj ,sa

xka/khthv tk iksbyx=k gqvk ,sa xka/khv ikjka gyk;y gj fgd rgjhd+ esa

Lojkt lsuk*A mUghv Vksyhv ts lk, gsfB ^guqeku* ukys lka fgd

gqufu cgsjks ojrks gqvksA ua<h t=ekj [kk b±] gqufu cSr fy[k.k 'kqjq d;k

g¶+rsokj v[k+ckj tkjh dbZ] tsdk gj NaNj rs 'kk;b FkhUnh gqbZ ,sa fdrkc

gqvkA nslHkfDrv tk xhr ,sa dforkÅa fy[kh muu [ks laxhr t+jh;s xk;s

ts lkbt+ th ohgfu lqQ+fu okjh ghv v[k+ckj Qd+r fgd iSls esa fodkeh

ot=k, fla/k ts x=ksBfu esa ?kqeank gqvk ,sa ukStokufu [ks ns'k lsok ykb

losa gt+kjsa ?kjfu rkb± igqpanh gqbZA fgu v[k+ckj esa nq[kk;y tk uoka uoka

vfx=;ka vp.k th izsj.kkk M=hUnk gqvk ,sa xka/khthv tks lanslks QSykbUnk

d+kSeh xhr ,sa mRlkg M=hanM+ lEikndh ys[k Nfith t+kfgj Fkhank gqvkA

gqvkA nq[kk;y xka/khthv ts lEidZ esa ifgjha nQks lky 1922bZ- esa vk;k

/kkjh ljdkj bgks cnkZf'r djs u l?kh ,sa nq[kk;y [ks cx+korh ys[k fy[k.k

gqvk] tM=fga c=kiw flU/k tks nkSjks dUns ykfM+dk.ks i/kkfj;k gqvkA LVs'ku rs

ts M=ksg esa fxj¶+rkj djs tsy esa fo/kks gqvksA nq[kk;y tks ckanj lsuk okjks

xka/khv tks lRdkj dj.k ykb gt+kjsa ek.gw vph x=kgVq fFk;k

xhr xwatanks jfg;ks gqvks %

gqvkA

xka/khv tks 'kkgh tqywl tM=fga 'kgj M=kagqa jokuks fFk;ks] rM=fga nq[kk;y

^ckanj lsuk vkbZ] vkbZ] guqeku th vkfg p<+kbZ---*

iafgats d+kseh Ldwy ts lkFkh Vksyhv lka gFkfu esa M=ksdyk [k.kh xka/khthv

lky 1940 bZ- esa Jh t;jkenkl ts izsj.kk lka nq[kk;y ykM+dk.ks

ts fc=fu ?kksM+fu okjh xkM=hv vfx=;ka x=kb±nks fi, gfy;ks] r jLrs rs c=kiwv

[kka 18 ehy ijs] jrsnsjs Hkjlka] tksM+ tdh dk;Z lac=a/kh ^xka/kh f[k+t+er ?kj*

flU/kh bUMyfB & 49

flU/kh bUMyfB & 50

ukys vkJe tks fuekZ.k d;ks] tafga esa pj[kfu Bkfg.k ,sa gykb.k lka xM=q

fgd gan rs FkkbZdks dj.k yk; xka/khthv ts lykg e'kfojk lka xqtjkr

gFk ts dkx+t+ Bkfg.k tks dk;Z fif.k 'kqjq d;ks fo;ks gqvksA d+kSeh ,drk ts

ts dPN ft+yk esa cjiV esa u jqx=ks xka/kh/kke ,sa vkfniqj tfgM+k c= tnhn

ed+ln lka dsrjfu os>fu x=ksBfu esa x=ksBk.kk edZt+ fc 'kqjq d;k fo;k ,sa

'kgj vM=k;k ij flU/kh;qfu [ks jkstxkjh feys bu ykb daMyk iksVZ ,sa Ýh

x=iyq fnyokjk de danM+ fgu de esa yx=k jfg;kA

VªsM t+ksu ts MsoyiesUV esa fc jqfp ojrh ,sa de djs M=s[kkfj;kb±A fgufu [ks

^Hkkjr NksM+ks* gypy esa nq[kk;y [ks 1942bZ- esa Vªs efguk ut+jcafn

ek.gw fld ,sa vknj lka ^HkkbZ* djs lM=hank gqvkA HkkbZ izrki th /khv vjq.kk

d;ks fo;ks ,sa tsy ea>k fufdjh vp.k [kka iksb ojh [ksfl jrsnsjs [kka

txfr;k.khv fgdq fdrkcq vaxszthv esa fyf[k;ks vkgs tafgaesa lanl firk

ykM+dk.ks vp.k okjs ljdkjh cafn'k okjs dkuwu VksM+.k lcc Ngfu

lkgc ts thou rs ,sa xka/kh/kke&vkfniqj th vM=kor rs jks'kuh fo/kh vkgsA

efgufu th lt+k M=sbZ l[kj tsy esa eksfdfy;ks fo;ksA dfo nq[kk;y 1944

mu fdrkc eka dq> x=kfYg;wa fgfr fM=tfu fFk;wa] tafgaesa xka/khthv tks ft+Øq

bZ- esa tM=fga xka/khth vkx+k [kku egy okjs tsy eka vkt+kn Fkh cEcbZ] tqgw

fc vkgsA mUgfu eka HkkbZ izrki tks xka/khthv lka ukrks fpVªks fFk;s FkksA

esa vph jfg;k gqvk] rM=fga nq[kk;y mu lka xfM=t.k ykb c= g¶+rk mrs

HkkbZ izrki fgdq oM=ks fo}ku] if<+;y&fyf[k;yq 'k[+l ,sa oM=ks

o¥h jfg;ks gksA vkt+knhv ts gypy esa nq[kk;y [ks iks;ksa ,sa Ngksa nQ+ks

okikjh gqvksA ,e- fM;ynkl ukys lka mUgfu twa ?k.ksbZ eqfydfu esa okikj

tuojh 1945 rs vaxzst+ ljdkj Vªs efguk tsy th lt+k M=sbZ l[kj lsUVªy

twa dksfB;wa gq;waA gw idks dkaxzslh gksA fl;klr ts [ksrj esa gqvks ij t+kfgjh

tsy esa cafn d;ks gksA mu oD+r dfo nq[kk;y flU/k dksaxzsl tks izeq[kq

rkSj deq u danks gqvksA gqu vkt+knh gypy eqrkfyd ?k.ksbZ de d;k

gqvksA

gqvk ,sa oD+r c oD+r dkaxzsfl;qfu [ks ekyh enn danks jganks gqvksA vktknhv [kka vx=q nq[kk;y xka/khthv lka nsgyhv esa jrsnsjks

gSnjkckn esa HkkbZ izrki tks fgdq oM=ks 'kkgh ^eS«kh* caxyks gqvksA vkt+knhv

vkJe ckcr fgnk;rwa oB.k ykb fo;ks rM=fga ckiwv [ksfl p;ks gksfl r

th gypy lka tqfM+;y usrk tM=afga fc flU/k osank gqvk r gSnjkckn ts

^tslha dks fc fgUnw fla/k esa gqts] r rks[ks mrs jg.kq [kis*A bgk x=kfYg

HkkbZ izrki ts caxys esa o¥h ygank gqvk ,sa HkkbZ izrki mUgfu th lqBh

ikfdLrku ljdkj [ks dhu vkbM+h ,sa ikfdLrku ts vf[+r;kjhv okjfu ts

[k+kfrjnkjh fc dank gqvkA

gqdqe eqftc vkDVkscj 1948 esa [ksfl fxj¶+rkj d;ks fo;ksA efFkl

xka/khthv 1942 esa ^Hkkjr NfM=;ks* vkanksyu gyk;ks gq;ksA HkkbZ

byt+ke bgks yx=k;ks fo;ks r gw ikfdLrku [ks Mkfg.k ykb vkJe esa

izrki fc p³h lathnxhv lka muesa cfgjks ojrks gqvksA vkWy bfUM;k

gfFk;kj Bkgs jfg;ks vkgsA dksVZ esa dsl gfy;ks ,sa nq[kk;y [ks Ng efguk

dkaxzsl dfeVh ¼AICC½v ts fyfd;y vksfQ+l lka HkkbZ izrki tqfM+;yq

lt+k fM=uh obZA tsdk iksb vihy esa ls'ku tt ?kVk, djs c= efguk dbZ

gqvkA mgk vksfQl eqacbZ esa gqbZA dkaxzsl ikVhZv ykb HkkbZ izrki lanfl

gqbZA tuojh 1949 esa nq[kk;y iafgats ?k.kfu lkfFk;qu lka xM=q Hkkjr

lkfFk;qfu lka xfM=th QaM tek d;ks gqvksA

gfy;ks vk;ks gqvksA vkt+knhv yM+kbZv lcc nq[kk;y dqy N Hksjk tsy esa fo;ks gqvksA

vjq.kk fy[ks Fkh r xka/khth izrki ykb xqjq ,sa jgcjq gqvkA fgd jqi;s ts uksVfu rs ^Hkkjr NksM+ks* tk LVsEi g.kh ek.gwfu esa fojgk;k gqvkb±A

xka/khv ts 'kku esa nq[kk;y x=k;ks gq;ks r %

HkkbZ izrki egkRek xka/kh] tokgjyky usg:] jktsUnz izlkn] oyHkHkkbZ

^rqafgats ,sVª tks vkokt+ ewa r >wfifM+;qfu esa c=q/kks

iVsy] yky cgknqj 'kkL«kh ,sa fc=;fu ?k.kfu [ks iafgats caxys esa vkljks

gj dks dkghanks fFk, ofr;ks]

fM=uks gqvksA lanfl dkj esa fc egsekufu [ks ftfr lHkk Fkhanh gqbZ mrs oBh

gj dks dkghanks fFk, ofr;ks] <sjk Bkghanks fFk, ofr;ks---*

o¥.k tks cankscLr danks gqvksA fojgk³s vx=q HkkbZ izrki e'kdwd gks r fdFks

¼9½ HkkbZ izrkijk; ewypan fM=;ynkl ukuok.kh fgd ,gM+h

o¥ts ,sa Nk dtsA gqu xka/khthv lka eqykdkr dbZ rM=fga xka/khthv p;ks

'kf[+l;r gqbZ] tafga flU/k eka yfM= iyk.k djs Hkkjr vk;y flU/kh;qfu [ks

gqvfl r] ^rOgka[ks fgeFk lka ,sa vfgald :i esa ft+Unxh Hkj lfg.kks ioanksA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 51

flU/kh bUMyfB & 52

rOgka tsdj bva uFkk djs l?kks r ,sa tsdj csbTt+r Fkh ljsUMj dj.kks ios

vB fdyksehVj tks eqQkflyks vkgsA c=bZ

r ¼/keZ] eku&iku] tk;Q+kÅa½ iksbZ fgdq bZ ,sa lyker jLrks yfM=iyk.k tks

vkfguA njvly vkfniqj fjgkb'kh ,sa rbyheh uxj vkgs ,sa xka/kh/kke

vFko] u jqx=ks rOgka vdsyk ij lHkq fgUnw ,sa fc=;k xS+j eqlyeku ykb fc

eq[;r;k okikj tks ejdt+ vkgsA

fgd bZ uxjikfydk gsfB

¼gfjtu 25@5@1947½A po.k tks eryc lkQ+ gqvks r xka/khthv flU/k

v:.kk fy[ks Fkh r HkkbZ izrki ts 'k[lh ybczsjhv esa xka/khv lka

NM=s o¥.k th rkd+hn dbZ gqbZA ts flU/k esa jfgcks r mrs eqlyeku ts

okcLrk ?k.ksbZ fdrkc gqvkA vkfniqj esa HkkbZ izrki xka/khv th lekf/k

jkt= esa dk fc lykerh u gqanhA xka/khthv th bu lykg eqftcq y[ksa

BkfgjkbZ vkgsA xka/kh/kke vkt+kn Hkkjr esa lqfg.ks uewus Iykfuax d;y

fgUnq fla/kh;qfu flU/k NM=h ,sa Hkkjr vph igqarkA xka/khthv HkkbZ izrki rs

'kgj vkgs] tafgaeka HkkbZ izrki th 'kgj [ks vM=kb.k th nwjanslh tkfgj fFk;s

flU/kh;qfu [ks ojh olkb.k tks de lksafi;ks gqvksA HkkbZ izrki fc bu

FkhA gSnjkckn ,sa ghjkckn twa fldwa xka/kh/kke ,sa vkfniqj ykfgfu Fkk ,sa

yydkj [ks Lohdkj d;ks ,sa Hkkjr esa ^ub± flU/k* th vM=kor tks idks

daMyk iksVZ djkph canj twaA paMhx<+ ,sa xka/khuxj ¼xqtjkr th jkt/kkuh½

bjknks d;ksA fgdq M=hagqa gw gokbZ tgkt+ t+fj, djkphv [kka eqEcbZ o¥s

r xka/kh/kke [kka iksb vfM=;k fo;k vkfgfuA eryc r vkt+kn Hkkjr tks

fi;ks r fop esa Hkqt esa bZ ygh fi;ksA iksb o¥h dPN ts egkjko lka xfM=;ks

ifgfj;ksa IykusM 'kgj xka/kh/kke vkgsA xka/khthv ts lekurk ts fl)kar rs

,sa flU/kh;qfu [ks dPN esa olkb.k ykb t+ehu th ?kqj d;kb±A

xka/kh/kke vkfniqj vfM=;k fo;k vkfgfuA

30gha tuojh 1948 rs HkkbZ izrki xka/khthv [ks [kq+'k [k+cjh M=hans fgd rkj dbZ ,sa c=q/kk;kb±l r flU/kh;qfu [ks dPN esa olkb.k tks Iyku djs

¼10½ fc=;k fc ?k.ksbZ flU/kh usrk enZ ,sa vkSjrwa xka/khthv ts lEidZ esa

orksZ vkgsA rkj i<+h xka/kh M=k<k [kq'k fFk;k ,sa dPN esa vp.k th rS;kjh

gqvk ,sa mUgfu fc fgd ;k fc=;s uewus vkt+knhv th yM+kbZ esa cfgjks ojrks

d;kb±A ij fof/kv tks Iyku dks fc=;ks bZ gqvksA fo/kkrk [ks bgk x=kfYg eatw+j

gqvksA ts=Bh flikgheyk.kh] nknh Ñ".kk HkaHkk.kh] xaxknsoh fxnok.kh] ikoZrh

u gqbZA mu M=haga rs 'kke tks xka/khthv th xksyh g.kh gpk dbZ obZ gqbZA

fxnok.kh] fddh ykyok.kh] deyk ghjkuan] yNehnsoh] eksfguh nsoh]

xka/khthv ts po.k rs ¼VsfyQksu djs xka/khv dPN ts egkjko [ks p;ks

jqde.kh nsoh] ikjorh ykyok.kh] ljLorh nsoh ox+Sjg tks ;ksxnku fc uFkks

gqvks½ dPN ts egkjko 15000 ,dM+ t+ehu HkkbZ izrki [ks fM=uh gqbZA

folkjs lf?ktsA

xka/khthv th vafre ;k«kk esa fgLlks oB.k ykb HkkbZ izrki nsgyh

^xka/kh&xaxk* muoku lka yksd feyki VªLV] Hkkouxj ikjka c=

igqrkA mrka xka/khv twa dq>q gkfB;wa [k.kh vk;k ,sa mueka dq>q fgLlks

fdrkc 'kk;k d;k fo;k vkfgfuA fgufu tks laiknd egsUnz es?kk.kh vkgsA

daMyk Øhd esa ijoku d;ks fo;ksA ckd+h gkfB;wa vkfniqj esa tksfM+;y

vkxLV 2007 esa ifgfj;kas Hkk³ks ,sa vDrwcj 2007 esa fc=;ks Hkk³ks Nfith

xka/kh lek/khv esa laHkkys jf[k;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA lewjs Hkkjr esa flQ+Z c= bZ

tkfgj fFk;k gqvkA fgufu fdrkcfu esa thorjke Ñikyk.khv tk c= ys[k

xka/kh lekf/k;wa vkfgfuA fgd nsgyh jkt?kkV ,sa c=h vkfniqj esaA

Nfi;y vkfgfuA Hkk³s fgd esa Jh Ñikyk.kh fy[kfu Fkk ^xka/khth

xka/kh/kke th vM=kor th 'kq:vkr rk- 12@2@1948 ts M=haga dbZ

vk/kqfud gqvk \* bu muoku gsfB Ñikyk.khv fyf[k;ks vkgs r lp lka

obZA xka/kh/kke tks ukyks gqva r Hkkjr ts yksg iqjq"k ljnkj oyHkHkkbZ iVsy

fpEcM+h jg.kq ,sa uhfr fu;efu [ks loksZifj x=.k.kq tsdj vk/kqfudrk tks

ts eku esa ljnkjxat j[k.kq rS fFk;ks gqvksA ij iksbZ tks xka/khthv th gR;k

yN.kq vkgs r xka/khth vk/kqfud ¼Modern½ gqvkA opu th ikyuk dj.kq

Fkh obZ r iksbZ fgu u,sa 'kgj tks ukyks ^xka/kh/kke* j[k.k tks Q+Slyks d;ks

,sa eFks rs [ka;yq de dj.kq tsdj vk/kqfud vkgs] r xka/khth fc vk/kqfud

fo;ksA ftfr 'kgj th vM=kor tks deq 'kqjq fFk;ks ,sa ;K d;ks fo;ks] mu[ks

gqvkA ox+Sjg vyx&vyx ut+fj, lka xka/khv [ks vk/kqfud ¼tnhn½ d+jkj

vkfniqj djs lfM=;ks o¥s Fkks Nk dk.k r vkfn ekuk 'kqjqvkrA xka/kh/kke ,sa

fM=uks fo;ks vkgsA

vkfniqj iafgats lqn c= /kkj 'kgj gwans fc fgdq bZ vkfguA fc=Ughfu ts fop esa flU/kh bUMyfB & 53

fc=;s Hkk³s esa thorjke Ñikyk.kh et+ew fyf[k;ks vkgs tafga tks flU/kh bUMyfB & 54

muoku vkgs ^xka/khth ,sa vkSjrwa*A Jh uxhunkl ikjs[k fgu tks xqtjkrhv

lkS [k+r fyf[k;k gqvkA

esa rjtq+eks d;ks vkgsA Jh Ñikyk.kh thv vkSjrqfu ckcr xka/khv tk

fo|k xqt+kjs obZ r vkuan gqu th ¼ewfrZ@QksVks½ iwt=k dj.k 'kq:

dfgM+k ohpkj gqvk murs jks'kuh fo/kh vkgsA xka/khth vfgalk [ks e¥hank

d;ks gqvksA rafgars xka/khv fyf[k;qfl r] ^fo|k lqBh gqbZ ij gwv Hkx=oku

gqvkA thou ts dfga fc [ksrj esa vlkeurk tk fojks/kh gqvkA gw vkSjrqfu

th tk; uFkh oBh l?ksA eka ewfrZ iwt=k ts f[kykQ+ vkfg;kaA

,sa enZfu ts ohp esa Hksn ¼Q+dZ+½ u dank gqvkA xka/khth ijnk jLe ts

xka/khth flU/kh;qfu ts M=srh&ysrhv ts fjokt ts ckjs esa fc M=k<ks

f[kykQ gqvkA xka/khth poank gqvk r vkSjr vfgalk th lk{kkr ewfrZ vkgsA

[k+Qk gksA 1934 bZ- esa Mh- ts- flU/k dkWyst esa bgks eqnks xka/khv

vkuan Vh- fgaxksjk.kh ¼tue 1907 bZ-½ flQZ+ 13gfu lkyfu mez tks

fo|kfFkZ;qfu vfx=;ka fc jf[k;ks gqvksA xka/khv p;ks gqvks r& ^flU/k th

gqvks tks gqu vlgdkj vkanksyu esa cfgjks ojrks gqvks ,sa xka/khv tks iksbyx=q

vkfey M=k<ks rjDdh ;kQrk d+kSe vkgsA bu rjdhv ts ckotwn fc fgd

cf.kth fo;ks gqvksA gqu Lonslh 'kS;wa okij.k ,sa ft+UnxhHkj [kknh tk bZ

xaHkhj ,sa [k+jkc vknr mUgfu esa M=srh ysrhv th vkgsA ekm&ihm lanfu

diM+k ikb.k tks d+le ojrks gqvksA Qjojh 1929 bZ- esa iksb gw 'k[+lh rkSj

/kh;jqfu [ks ,fgM+h fl[;k fM=;fu tks gw 'kknhv th dher olwyhanM+

xka/khv lka xfM=;ks gqvksA

Nksdjs lka 'kknh dj.k th euk djs NfM=fuA Hkys ?kj osgh lqVªq i;wa dfrfu]

xka/khv [ks ut+j esa j[kh Jh fgaxksjk.khv dq>q fdrkc fc fyf[k;k

ij M=srh&ysrh v ts f'kdkj [kka cpfuA

vkfgfuA ^xka/kh vksu usg:* 710 istfu tks oM=ks fdrkcq vkgs muesa Hkkjr

gklkuan tknwxj iafgatfu /kh;jqfu th 'kknh fcuk M=srh ysrhv

ts vkt+knhv th yM+kbZv tks olhg vfgoky fM=uks fo;ks vkgsA usg: ,sa

djk, fgd felky is'k d;ks gqvksA gwu lanfl /kh;jqfu [ks 'kknhv esa jqx=ks

xka/khv ts defu rs p³h jks'kuh fo/kh obZ vkgsA fc=;ks fdrkc vFkfl % ^fn

iat ^p* fM=uk gqvk& pj[kks ¼lqVª dr.k ykb½] pkM+h ¼[khj&M=gh foyksM+.k

ykW vkWQ dUVhuUl&xka/kh Q+kj 21oha lsUpqjhA*

ykb eanhvM+ks½] pdh] pwYg ,sa pmajhA

Jh fgaxksjk.kh xka/khv lka xMq= vkJe esa jganks gqvksA vkJe

1939 bZ- [kka oBh flU/k esa fgalk[kksjh] ekjdwV] ywVQqj 'kqjq Fkh obZ

laHkkyhnks gqvks ,sa fta+nxhv ts elbyfu rs xka/khv lka fopkj foe'kZ danks

gqbZA mu ts lkEgw xka/khv vkokt+ mFkkfj;ks gqvksA gqu fgUnqfu [ks [kq+n th

gqvksA mu xka/khv [ks jkst+ fgdq ohpkj is'kq dj.k ykb p;ks gqvks ,sa iksb

jf[k;k dj.k ykb p;ks gqvksA tsdj ifgatks cpko uFkk djs l?kfu ,sa

mufu ohpkjfu [ks lfgM+s djs fdrkcq rS;kj d;ks gqvkb±A

lyker uFkk lfe>fu r iksb mgk tk; NMs= fM=;fuA xka/kh iafgatfu

Jh fgaxksjk.khv th t+ky fo|k chekj Fkh ibZ gqbZ r muts Bhd

v[k+ck:fu esa fy[kanks bZ jganks gqvksA tuojh 1940 esa gqufu fyf[k;ks] ^eka

fFkv.k th 'kqHk dkeuk tks [k+r fy[kh xka/khv fo|k [ks dks fgy LVs'ku rs

fgt+jr dj.k th lykg fM=uh gqbZA eka mu[ks nqgjk;ka FkksA bgk dk

gok Qsj ykb oBh o¥.k th lykg fM=uh gqvfuA ojh xka/khv fgaxksjk.kh [ks

x+Sj&veyh

fgUnh Hkk"kk ckcr fc [k+r fyf[k;ks gqvks r rOgkatk fyf[k;y v[kj

tykoruh Fkh djs fc ik.k [ks yM+kbZ ykb rS;kj d;ks gqvfuA Hkkjr olhg

¼nLr[k+r½ lqBk vkfgfuA fgUnh fc lqBh vFkoA xka/khv fgUnh Hkk"kk th

eqYdq vkgsA fgrka yfM= iyk.k djs mrs osUnM+fu [ks laHkkys oBanksA [k+kl

nqjLrhv ykb fgaxksjk.kh ,sa fo|k [ks fgUnh v[k+ckj ,sa jkek;.k i<+.k th

rkSj tsds rkd+roj] bekunkj ,sa ik.k irksM+s t=k.kfu mgs fgrka gfy;k

lykg fM=uh gqvfuA fo|k ts xqt+kjs o¥.k rs xka/khv fyf[k;ks gksfu r]

o¥fuA

^fo|k th vkRek dksu ejh vkgsA fo|k xq.koku ,sa /kkfeZd vkSjr gqbZA*

x=kfYg

ukgsA

bt+jk;y

ckf'kanfu

bva

d;ks

gqvksA

1947 bZ- esa flU/kh fgUnqfu fla/k NM=.kq 'kqjq d;ks rafgars xka/khv

xka/kh tM=fga vkJe [kka c=kfgj gwanks gqvks ;k fgaxksjk.kh c=kfgj gwanks

fyf[k;ks gqvks] ^ts fgdq fc flU/kh flU/k NM=s o¥s Fkks r mgk ftUukg ykb

gqvks r fgd fc=;s [ks [k+r fy[kank gqvkA xka/khv fgaxksjk.khv [ks 3 twu

'keZ th x=kfYg vkgsA ¼ftUukg rM=fga flU/k tks xoZuj tujy gqvks½ flU/k

1926 [kka [k+r fy[k.kq 'kq: d;k gqvk ,sa 24 fMlEcj 1947 rkb± rd+jhcu

tk fgUnw ifgfj;sa nts+Z tk okikjh vkfgfuA gw Nks Fkk eqacbZ] enzkl ;k

flU/kh bUMyfB & 55

flU/kh bUMyfB & 56

fc=;fu ga/kfu M=s Fkk o¥fuA bgks uqd+lku flfU/k;qfu [ks u ij flU/k [ks

t+fj, vkt+knh pkfg;ks fi;k ,sa gk.ks yw.k ts yM=wfu lkaA* bgks c=q/kh xka/khv

FkhUnks] Nkdk.k r fla/kh r ftrs fc osUnk] iSlks Bkgs oBUnkA fgu nqfu;k esa

[ks cqjks yx=ks gqvflA

,fgM+ks fgdq fc eqYd ukgs ftfr flU/kh u gqtsA* xka/khv ts ft+Unxhv ts iNkM+h M=hagfu esa Jh ih- ch- pkaMok.kh] xka/khv lka xM=q fcjyk gkml esa vph jfg;ks gqvflA Jh pkaMok.kh ukWFkZ

xka/khv dPN ts egkjko [ks Qksu djs flU/kq fjlsVyesUV dkWikZsjs'ku [ks flfU/k;qfu [ks olkb.k ykb daMyk ts Hkjlka 15000 ,dM+ t+ehu fM=;kjh gqbZA

osLVuZ jsYos tks vx=q.kks tujy esustj gqvksA 20gha tuojh 1948 rs izkFkZuk

rkjh[k Vªhgha tuojh 1948 ts M=haga lqcg ts oDr xka/khv MkW-

ts oDr ce QkVks gqvks ,sa fcjyk gkml th daikmUM th nhokj VqVh ibZ

pksbFkjke [ks p;ks gks r ts d'ehj ts ykb yM+kbZ Fkh l?ks Fkh r ikfdLrku

gqbZA izkFkZuk iwjh fFkv.k rs xka/khv p;ks r gqu lksfp;ks gks r fgrka [kka dq>q

esa fc flU/kh fgUnqfu ts vf/kdkj okLrs yM+kbZ fFkv.kq ?kqjtsA*

ijs fefyVjh Qk;fjax izsDVhl gwanhA rafgars pkaMok.kh p;ks gqvfl r] ^c=kiw mgks u r lpq vkgs ,sa u bZ vfgalkA*

xka/khv [ks 'kke tks xksfy;wa g.kh gpk dbZ obZ mu ts dykdq vx=q izks- eydk.kh xka/khthv lka xfM=;ks gqvksA fla/k eka b±nM+fu ek.gwfu [ks

[kknh u ikb.k rs fc xka/kh flfU/k;qfu [kka ukjkt+ gqvksA iafgats

olkb.k tks cankscLr dj.k ykb Jh eydk.khv [ks ,fM'kuy fMIVh gkb

v[k+ckj esa xka/khv fyf[k;ks gqvks r] ^flU/kh ek.gw [kknhv [ks lathnxhv

dfe'kuj c.kk;ks fo;ks gqvksA xka/khv gqu [ks p;ks gqvks r] ^lfHkuh [ks flU/k

lka uFkk oBfuA* gqu fM=Bks r dksVM+hv esa dkaxzsl tk 20 lnL; gqvkA ts

eka laHkkys c=kfgj df<tks ,sa rOgka lfHkuh [kka iNkM+hv tks vfptksA [kqfgjks

mUgfu rs [kknh ikb.k ykb t+ksj Hkfjcks r esEcjfu tks bgks rknkn ?kfVth

[ks ¼fla/k tks iz/kkuea«kh½ pbtks r eka 'kkafr d+k;e dj.k ykb flU/k vp.kq

osUnks ,sa jqx=ks c= Fkh osUnksA fla/k esa dikga tks iSnkokj ?k.kks Fkhanks gqvks ,sa

pkfg;ka Fkks Hkfy gw ftUukg lka x=kfYgk, ,sa ewa[ks rkj dfuA* izks- eydk.khv

x+jhch fc gqbZ] rM=fga fc ek.gw [kknh u fi;k ikbu bu x=kfYg rs xka/khv [ks

xka/khv [ks c=q/kk;ks gqvks r ^fla/k esa fgUnqfu [ks ftUukg Vksih ik, ,sa gFk esa

vtc Fkhanks gqvksA flfU/k;qfu th x+jhchv tks lcwr is'k dans xka/khth pos

mnwZ v[kckj ;k Mkmu ¼ftUukg th v[k+ckj½ gFk esa [k.kh gfy.kks ioanks

Fkks r fgfr flU/k esa Qa+n esa ^ikbZ;wa* ?kf.k;wa fefy;wa vkfgfuA fgd ga/k rs r

vkgs] thva yx=s r gw eqlyeku vkgsA*

^dksfM=;wa* fc fefy;wa gqvflA fgu tks lcc datwlh u gksA datwlh r eka

ij xka/khth flU/k th eqykd+kr djs ,sa 'kkafr dk;e dj.k ykb

fla/k esa fM=Bh ukgsA tsds ek.gw 12gfu M=hagafu esa 70]000@& [kka eFks jd+e

usrkmfu [ks vihy djs mu [kka vx=q rkjh[k 30gha tuojh 1948 rs 'kke tks

M=bZ l?kfu Fkk] r mgs rS;kj ukfgfu bva dhva pbtsA*

fgu nqfu;k eka pkyk.kks djs fo;ks gqvksA

lu~ 1924 bZ- esa djkph dkjiksjs'ku ekewu ¼Peons½ ,sa lQ+kbZ danM+fu ykb [kknhv tk ;wfuQkeZ ikb.k tks d+jkjnkn cgky d;ks gqvks ,sa mu[ks iksb lu~ 1928 bZ- esa djkphv ts es;j Jh te'ksn egsrk jn d;ks gqvksA rfgars xka/khth M=k<ks ukjkt Fkh fi;ks gqvksA iksb dkaxzsl ts dkiksZjsVlZ murs ,rjkt [ka;ks r mgks djkjnkn okil ofjrks gqvksA gkykafd fla/kh usrkmfu lka xka/khv tk lqBk rkyqd+kr gqvk] ij rfga gwans fc gw xka/khv [ks x+yrh dj.k rs pbZ fc M=hank gqvfuA t=sBey ijljke ^f[kykQ+r* [ks ^vkQ+r* djs poanks gqvksA 1930 bZ- esa xka/khv pksbFkjke [kka iqfN;ks gqvks r t=sBey ued lR;kxzg ts ckjs esa Nk Fkks lksps rM=afga pksbFkjke pbZ fM=uks gqvfl r] ^ts=Bey pos Fkks r 1920 bZ- esa rOgka [kknhv flU/kh bUMyfB & 57

flU/kh bUMyfB & 58

flU/kh veynkj

'ksjflag lkfgcflax 'kkgk.khv [ks vaxzst ljdkj ikjka vkbZ-lh-,l- ntZ+s esa izeks'ku fM=uks fo;ks gqvksA vt=q fc vkb-,-,l esa f?kM+.k ykb ?k.ksbZ flU/kh uotoku dksf'k'kwa dfu fi;k FkkA dq>q dkfe;kc fc fFk;k vkfgfu ,sa ljdkj esa oM=s vksgns rs deq dfu fi;k FkkA y[kuÅ esa cjik fFk;y fgd flU/kh laLFkk ^flU/k

flU/k esa flU/kh lekt tk cqfu;knh rkSj rs c= nt+kZ gqvk& fgdq

osyQs;j lkslk;Vh* v ikjka flU/kh lekt [ks et+cwr dj.k ykb bu M=l

vkfey ,sa fc=;ks HkkbZcanA vkfey y¶+t vey ;k veynkj rka vk;ks vkgsA

esa gypy 'kq: dbZ obZ vkgsA flU/kh mehnokj vkbZ-,-,l ts bErgku esa

veynkj ;kfu ljdkjh dkbnfu tks vey djkb±nM+q HkkbZcan ?k.ks Hkk³s

fgdq fo"k; ^flU/kh* Hkk"kk j[kfu ,fgfM+;w dksf'k'kwa mu bnkjs ikjka d;wa

okikjh gqvk ,sa vkfey flU/kh ljdkjh ukSdjhv esa gqvkA vkfeyfu esa

o¥fu fFk;wa ,sa bu ykb [k+kl Dykfll fc gyk;k osUnk vkfgfuA

rbyhe th vgfe;r o/khd gqbZA rbyheh vgfe;r r flfU/k;qfu esa vt=q

Hkkjrh; lunh lsok ¼IAS½ esa de danM+fu eka MkW- euksgj vxuk.kh]

fc Fkksjh dksu Fkh vkgsA gk.ks bUgfu fc=fu ntZ+fu ts fop tks eqQ+kflyks

ghuk dsoyjkek.kh] vydk fctyk.kh] m"kk jaxk.kh] eatw jktiky] T;ksfr

?kfVtanks Fkks o¥sA ?k.ksbZ okikfj;qfu tk c=kj fy[kh i<+h djs ljdkjh

ddok.kh] vfer rksyk.khv fla/kh lCtsDV [k.kh vkbZ-,-,l tks bErgku

ukSdfj;wa dfu fFk;k r fc=;s ikls bu[kka mcrM+ gkykrwa fi.kq fM=fltfu

ikl djs pqdk vkfgfuA bufu [kka flokb euh"k xqjuk.kh] dey n;k.kh]

fFk;waA

xfjek bfUM;u

,MfefuLVªsfVo

lfoZflt+

¼vkbZ-,-,l½

[ksrj

ys[kok.kh]

jksfgr

dslok.khv

vkbZ-,-,l

tks

bErgku

esa

dkfe;kchv lka ikl d;ks vkgs] vycÙkk bUgfu tks fo"k; ^flU/kh* dku

flfU/k;qfu th gkft+jh lu~ 1912 bZ- [kka 'kq: Fkh gqbZ bva yx=s FkksA lHk [kka

gqvksA vkfniqjth fgd fu;k.kh jhVk dsoyjkek.khv lu~ 1985 bZ- esa

ifgjha 1912 bZ- esa gSnjkckn ts fgd vkfey ifjokj ts fgd Hkkrh Jh

jlk;u 'kkL«k lCtsDV [k.kh rksyk.kh dkyst vkWQ vkVZl ,UM lkbZUl

ghjkuan [kq'khjke ¼,p-ds-½ fØikyk.khv baXysUM o¥h vkbZ-lh-,l- tks

¼xqtjkr ;qfuoflZVh½ eka ch-,llh- dj.k [kka iksbZ vkbZ-,-,l ikl dbZ

M=qf[k;ks bfErgku ikl d;ks gqvksA vkbZ-lh-,l- ;kfu bfEijh;y flfoy

gqbZA ghvaj gwv bfUM;u jsYost+ esa eqacbZv esa oM=s vksgns rs deq djs jgh

lfoZl tafga [ks vfx=;ka o¥h bfUM;u flfoy lfoZl esa rCnhy d;ks fo;ks

vkgsA

gqvks ,sa gk.ks mu[ks bZ 1947 bZ- [kka bfUM;u ,MfefuLVªsfVo lfoZflt+ ¼vkbZ-,-,l½

vfx=;ka mfHkjh vpfu Fkk] ftu tks ft+Øq eFks d;yq bZ vkgs] mgs t=kok r

,MfefuLVªsfVo y¶+t bLreky d;ks o¥s FkksA fgm bErgku dksbZ fc

flU/k esa gqvk ,sa lunh bfErgku fc flU/k esa jgans bZ ikl d;ks gqvfu ,sa

xzsT;q,V djs l?ks FkksA fgutk Vªs M=kdk vkfgfuA fizyhehujh bfErgku] eSu

dq>q lkyfu rkb± ¼1947 esa fojgk³ks fFk;ks rsl rkb±½ flU/k ljdkj esa

bfErgku ,sa iksbZ ilZuy bUVjO;wA

'ksokÅa fi.k d;wa gqvfu] ij fojgk³s cbn gw lHkq Hkkjr esa vph Fkkb±dks

ghjkuan

osUnks

vkgsA

fØikyk.khv

eryc

fc=;fu

flfoy

fc=fu

tx=g

ekt+hv esa fy;ks ikbts r dq>q ,fgM+k flU/kh ukyk vf[k;qfu

p;ks

Hkkmjfu

larjke

fFk;k gqvkA eqa< esa tsdh 12 ukyk fyf[k;k vFke] mgs lHkq ^vkfey* gqvkA

fØikyk.khv lu~ 1922 bZ- esa ,sa eksrhjke lu~ 1926 bZ- esa vkbZ-,-,l tks

c= ukyk ^HkkbZcan* ntsZ+ tk fc gqvkA mUgfu tk ukyk gqvk Jh ds- ih-

bfErgku ikl d;ks gqvksA ghm fc fgdq rokjh[k+h fjdkMZ fFk;ks vkgs tks

eFkjk.kh ,sa Jh dsoyjke ,y- iatkchA

fgd bZ ?kj ts fVªfu Hkkmjfu bfUM;u ,MfefuLVªsfVo lfoZflt+ ¼vkbZ-,-

vpks r fgufu flU/kh veynkjfu th Fkksjs esa t=k.k oBwaA

,l½ ikl dbZ gqbZA 1913 bZ- esa usguey iksgwey Fk/kk.kh fc=;ks ,sa 1915 bZ-

¼1½ Jh ,p- ds- fØikyk.kh %

esa Jh gklksey cgjey f'konklk.kh fV;ksa vkbZ-lh-,l- ikl danM+q mehnokj cf.k;k gqvkA mu[kka iksbZ 1922 esa Jh lrjke [kq'khjke Ñikyk.kh 1926 bZ- esa eksrhjke [kq'khjke fØikyk.kh] lky 1927 bZ- esa larnkl cwypan panhjkek.kh] 1927 bZ- esa Jh gf'kerjk; [kw+cpan pSuk.kh] 1929 bZ- esa Hkxokunkl M=;kjke ehjpank.kh] 1936 esa Jh jke Vhf'konklk.kh] 1944 bZ- esa Jh ghjkuan :ipan f'konklk.kh tfgM+k tsguh veynkj fgu Qfgfj'r esa vpfu FkkA Jh m/kkjke ekuhjke ehjpank.kh ,sa flU/kh bUMyfB & 59

ifgfj;sa vkbZ-lh-,l- veynkj tks

eku gkfly danM+ Jh ghjkuan [kq'khjke fØikyk.kh gSnjkckn&fla/k tks jgkdw gqvksA gqu baXysaM o¥h vkbZ-lh-,l- th inoh gkfly dbZ gqbZA lu~ 1912 bZ- esa bfErgku ikl djs tM=fga gSnjkckn eksfV;ks gqvks r jsYos LVs'ku rs mu th vkft;ka dj.k ykb ?kj ts Hkkfr;qfu [kka flokb fc=;k fc c= gt+kj [kfu ek.gw IysVQkeZ rs gkt+qj jfg;k gqvkA LVs'ku [kka c=kfgj fudjh Vkaxs rkb± igqap.k esa dykd [kka fc o/khd oD+r yx=ks gqvfl ,sa Vkaxs [ks fNd.k yk; ?kksM+fu ts cnjka 16 ek.gw rS;kj Fkh chBk gqvkA mUgfu esa Jh flU/kh bUMyfB & 60

fØikyk.khv tk dq>q mLrkn fc 'kkfey gqvkA mgs ek.gw rkaxs [ks

gqbZA ?k.ksbZ jlkyfu esa gquu tk bgs fjlpZ isilZ 'kk;k fc fFk;k gqvkA

fØikyk.khv ts ?kj rkb± fNds fo;k gqvk] tsdks LVs'ku [kka Ms=<q fdyksehVj

fgufu ts nsgkar [kka iksb 216 lqQ+gfu okjks fgdq fdrkc eqacbZv ts

ts Q+klys rs gqvksA

ljLorh ,e- xqyjktk.khv lu~ 1985 bZ- esa 'kk;k d;ks gqvksA

Jh fØikyk.kh ftfr Ldwyh rbZyhe gkfly dbZ gqbZ] mu ,u- ,p-

'Glimpses of Ancient Sindh'

¼d+nhe flU/k th >yfd;wa½ ukys okjs

vdkMehv esa fgd 'kkgh vkft;ka dj.k tks vk;kstu d;ks fo;ks gqvksA

bu fdrkc esa ,frgkfld [kkstuk isilZ 'kk;v d;k fo;k vkfgfu eryc

fgu dk;ZØe esa vB lkS 'kkfx±nZ ,sa iatkgq [kfu ekLrj gkft+j jfg;k gqvkA

bgks fdrkc rokjh[kh [kkstuk isijfu tks fgdq etewvks vkgsA muesa dPN

Jh Ñikyk.kh gSnjkckn esa pkj M=haga xqt+kfj;k iksb gw vgenkckn fo;ks

tks fc ft+Øq vkgsA lky 1906 esa t=koy Jh ehjpank.khv tks lu~ 1980 bZ-

gqvks ftfr gqu vflLVUV dysDVj ts vksgns twa okx=wa o¥h laHkkfy;wa gq;waA

esa eqacbZ esa nsgkar fFk;ks gksA

lky 1936 bZ- esa Jh fØikyk.khv [ks flU/k LVsV ts ifgfj;ksa phQ+

¼4½ Jh ,p- ch- f'konklk.kh % Jh gklksey cgjey f'konklk.khv

lsØsVjh eqdjj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA 1936 esa flU/k [ks cEcbZ izkar [kka /kkj

[ks jqx=ks fgdq veynkj po.kq lgh ukgs] Nk dkf.k r gw iafgatks ik.k esa fgd

d;ks fo;ks gqvksA mu[kka iksbZ flU/k eqlyekufu th ?kk.kkbZ okjks LVsV

bnkjs ftvka gqvkA gqu eqacbZ ¼ckEcs½ ;qfuoflZVhv eka ifgfj;ksa uacj [k.kh

cf.k;ks gqvksA lky 1947 bZ- esa usfB fojgk³ks fFkv.k rs flU/kh fgUnqfu rs

vkV~Zl esa xszT;q,'ku dbZ gqbZA mu[kka iksb vkbZ-lh-,l- tks bfErgku ikl

t=.kq r mHkq vph QkVks gqvksA

djs ?k.ksbZ buke [kfV;ka gqvkb±A iksbZ gw eqacbZ tks vflLVUV dysDVj

vfx=;ka o¥h Jh fØikyk.kh eqacbZ ljdkj esa phQ lsØsVªhv ts in

eqdjj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA eqacbZv esa ek.gwfu [ks olkb.k ykb pkWy ¼fjgkb'kh

rs eqdjj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA mUgfu M=hagafu esa xqtjkr ,sa egkjk"Vª c=bZ fgdq

ikM+k½ tks vk;kstu d;ks fo;ks gqvks mulka okcLrk tksfM+;y fuekZ.k

izkar gqvksA

lfefrv tks gw v/;{k gqvksA gqufu ckEcs Lojkt rgjhd esa ljxje cfgjks

Jh fØikyk.khv [ks lh-vkbZ-bZ- ¼dEisfu;u vkQ+ bfUM;u ,Eik;j½

orksZ gqvks ,sa lky 1923 bZ- esa fFk;y pwafM;qfu esa fc [kVh vk;ks gqvksA

,sa iksbZ lh-,l-vkbZ ¼dEisfu;u vkWQ LVkj vkWQ bfUM;k½ ts ydc lka

ckjMksyh ,sa pksjklh rkyqdfu ¼xqtjkr½ ts gkfj;qfu th t+ehu ckcr gqu

uokft;ks fo;ks gqvksA

vx=ok.kh fc ojrh gqbZ ,sa vaxzst veynkj lka rd+jkj fc dbZ gqvkb±A

rkjh[k 1&4&1947 [kka oBh rkjh[k 13&1&1949 rkb± fgu flU/kh

ckjMksyhv esa t+ehu egslwy Vhg lSdM+ks o/kkb.k rs fdlku M=k<ks ukjkt+

lt=.k ^vky bfUM;k ifCyd lfoZl dfe'ku* tks ps;jesu c.kth d+kfcys

Fkh fo;k gqvkA mu oDr Jh f'konklk.kh jsosU;w vf/kdkjh gqvkA gqu ik.k

rkjhQ+ de d;k gqvkA

bu th l[+r eq[kkfyQ+r dbZ gqbZ ,sa fdlkufu [ks fFk;y vU;k;q th

¼2½ Jh ;q- ,e- ehjpank.kh % Jh ehjpank.kh iafgats oru gSnjkckn esa

fgek;r dbZ gqbZ ,sa Jh f'konklk.khv rksM+s fo/kkulHkk ifj"kn ¼,lsEcyh½

dysDVj ts vksgns rs vp.k okjh ifgjha 'kf[+l;r gqbZA fojgk³s cbn gw

ts fc=;u lnL;fu bLrhQ+k M=bZ NfM=;k gqvkA iksbZ foByHkkbZ iVsy

eqacbZ vph Fkkb±dks fFk;ks gqvksA gqu ?k.ksbZ oM=k&oM=k ,sa tqnk&tqnk vksgnk

¼ljnkj oyHkHkkbZ iVsy tks Hkkm½ fop esa fi;ks gqvks ,sa muts le>kb.k lka

laHkkfy;k gqvkA tafgaes eqacbZ dfe'uj tks vksgnks fc 'kkfey vkgsA flU/k

gkfj;qfu iafgatks vkanksyu can d;ks gqvksA

[kka tsds yfM=iyk.k djs Hkkjr esa vk;k gqvk mUgfu ek.gwfu [ks ojh

rkjh[k pksFkha Qjojh 1928 rs Jh f'konklk.khv oYyHkHkkbZv lka

olkb.k th eqghe esa Jh ehjpank.kh xqtjkr [kka iksb eqacbZv tk dfe'uj

xfM=th ckjMksyhv th eqykdkr dbZ gqbZA gqufu lR;kxzg jsyhv esa cfgjks

c.kk;k fo;k gqvkA rkjh[k 28&10&1930 [kka rkjh[k 15&9&1931 nkSjku

orksZ gqvksA egkRek xka/khthv tks fgd ,fgM+ks d+kuwuh ,sa isphnk dsl Jh

gw Fkk.ks ft+yk ¼egkjk"Vª½ tks dysDVj fc Fkh jfg;k gqvkA lu~ 1957 bZ- eas

f'konklk.khv ts lkEgw vk;ks gqvks] tks xka/khv [ks tsy th lt+k fey.k tks

gqu lkb±v iw.ks Dyc ts lnj tks vksgnks fc laHkkfy;ks gqvksA

bEdku gqvks] ij ft+Unxhv ts eqYg [ks le>anM+ Jh f'konklk.khv ts

¼3½ Jh Hkxokunkl ehjpank.kh % ujehv lka x=kfYgkb±nM+] bZekunkj]

t+ehj cx+kor dbZ ,sa dqjlhv rs fpEcM+h jg.k ts cnjka iafgath

n;kjke

dkjdjnxhv tks cfynku M=sbZ bLrhQ+k M=bZ NfM=;kb±A iksb fgu t+ghu

ehjpank.khv tks ihm djkph esa ,e-ts- gkbLdwy tks gsMekLrj gqvksA Jh

veynkj eqacbZ E;qfuflikyVhv th ukSdjh dj.kq d+cwy d;ksA gqufu

Hkxokunkl tqnk&tqnk ljdkjh ea«kky;fu esa lfpo ts vksgns rs jgh

flfoy ekeyfu ts ^bUlkbyksfifM;k* ts :i esa ukeuk gkfly dbZ gqbZA

M=k<h lqfg.ks uewus dedkj d;k gqvkA lt=h mej gqu lkb±v 'kknh dksu

1942&43 vjls esa gw eqacbZ E;qfufliy ukbc dfe'uj c.kk;ks fo;ks gqvksA

dkjkbrks

,sa

fu"Bkoku

vkbZ-lh-,l-

veynkj

Hkxokunkl

dbZ gqbZA gqu fla/k ,sa flfU/k;qfu ts bfrgkl ckcr p³h [kkstuk fc dbZ flU/kh bUMyfB & 61

Jh f'konklk.khv tk iqVª eqacbZ ,sa iw.ks esa vLirkywa rksM+s rbyhe lka flU/kh bUMyfB & 62

okcLrk Ldkyjf'ki fM=;.k okjk bnkjk gykbfu FkkA eqacbZ esa lk;u ,jk;thv esa ,p- ch- f'konklk.khv th ;knxhjhv esa ckx+hpks fc rS;kj d;yq vkgsA

[kkuns'k ,sas iw.ks esa vflLVUV dysDVj eqd+jj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA lkbLrk] n;kyw ,sa lekt 'ksok ykb tft+cs lka Hkfj;y Jh pSuk.khv lky 1933 bZ- esa iw.ks esa vflLVUV tt rkSj deq 'kq: d;ks iksb

¼5½ Jh ,l- ch- panhjkek.kh %

Jh larnkl cwypan panhjkek.khv

izeks'ku fFkv.k rs 'kksykiqj esa ft+yk ,sa ls'kUl tt cf.k;ks gqvksA 1935 bZ-

lky 1927 bZ- esa vkbZ-lh-,l- tks bErgku ikl d;ks gqvksA gqu ?k.ksbZ

esa gqu ckEcs ysftLysfVo dkmfUly ,sa vflLVUV fyxy fjesEczsUlj lfpo

ljdkjh vksgnfu rs ukSdjh dbZA iNkM+hv tks gqu[ks bykgckn esa

tks mgnks laHkkfy;ks gqvksA lky 1944 esa eqacbZ ljdkj ts ?k: [kkrk eas

gkbZdksVZ esa phQ tLVhl rkSj eqd+jj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgv dksVZ lu~

TokbUV lsØsVjh cf.k;ks gqvksA gqu eglwy dfe'uj th ftesokjh fc

1900 bZ- eas 'kq: dbZ obZ gqbZA muts 83 gsa phQ tfLVl ts :i esa Jh

laHkkyh gqbZA iksbZ vfx=;ka gyh rkjh[k 29&9&1958 rs eqacbZ gkbdksVZ esa

panhjkek.khv rkjh[k 15&12&1948 [kka rkjh[k 20&5&1952 ¼xqt+kjs

eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ¼phQ+ tLVhl½ c.kk;ks fo;ks gqvksA 1962 bZ- esa gqu

fo;k½ rkb± iafgatwa 'ksokÅa fM=fu;wa gq;waA

egkjk"Vª LVsV ts dk;Zdkjh xouZj ,sa eqacbZ ,UokbjuesUV vfHk;ku xzqi tks

¼6½ Jh oh- ,y- fxnok.kh %

Jh fxnok.kh vkbZ-lh-,l ntsZ tks

'kk;n vkf[kjh flU/kh gqvks] Nkdk.k r gk.ks vkt+knhv cbn vkbZ-lh-,l-

vkujjh lfpo ts :i esa fc 'ksok;wa fM=fu;wa gq;waA gwa dafgats fc ncko gsfB ;k 'ksg gsfB u b±nks gqvks ,sa mu ts lkEgwa

fxnok.khv

b±nM+ dkuwuh dsl ckcr rjQ+nkjh fcuk ttesUV fM=;.k ykb e'kgwj

egkjk"Vª&xqtjkr esa lsYl VsDl dfe'uj rkSj 'ksokÅa fM=fu;wa gq;waA

gqvksA gqutk fM=uy ds ttesUV r dk;ns&dkuwu th nqfu;k esa felky

fojgk³s cbn Hkkjr esa yM=s vk;y if<+;y tokufu [ks lsYl VsDl [kkrs

c.kth fi;k vkfgfuA

[ks

vkbZ-,-,l

esa

rCnhy

d;ks

fo;ks

gqvksA

esa uksdfj;wa fM=;kj.k esa p³h enn dbZ gqvkb±A flfU/k;qfu [ks fjlsVy

14gha uoEcj 1965 ts M=haga rs ejhu Mªkbo rs ?kqeans gqu tks fgd

djkb.k eas gqu tks fc lqBks ;ksxnku jfg;ks bva pbZ lf?kts FkksA iNkM+hv

okgu lka gkfnlks Fkh fo;ksA esfMdy VªhVesUV fc gqu[ks cpkb u l?kh ,sa

tks Jh fxnok.kh eqqacbZ E;qfufliy dkWjiksjs'ku tks dfe'uj cf.k;ks gqvksA

rkjh[k 28gha uoEcj 1965 rs gqu tks nsgkar Fkh fo;ksA eqacbZv esa cjik

fc=Hkk"kh eaqacbZ LVsV tks fojgk³ks fFk;.k rs gw xqtjkr esa vk;ks gqvksA gqu

d;y ds- lh- ykW dksyst ts fgd oM=s vkWMhVksfj;e [ks tfLVl pSuk.kh tks

LVsV ts phQ+ lfpo rkSj p³ks ukyks dek;ks gqvksA bfUnjk xka/khv ts

ukyks fM=uks fo;ks vkgsA

ut+jqfu ofl;y Jh fxnok.kh [ks Iykfuax deh'ku esa lnL; rkSj jf[k;ks

¼8½ Jh ds- ,y- iatkch %

Jh iatkchv egkjk"Vª ljdkj esa phQ+

fo;ks gqvksA ,fgM+ks eku ikb±nM+ gw ;xkuks flU/kh gqvksA fjVk;jesUV [kka

lsØsVjhv rkSj deq d;ks gqvksA gqu lu~ 1938 bZ- esa ^ckEcs ysaM jsosU;w

iksbZ nsgyh o¥h jfg;ks gqvksA

flLVe* muoku lka fgdq fdrkc fc fyf[k;ks gqvksA

¼7½ Jh ,p- ds- pSuk.kh % lu~ 1958 bZ- ts vjls esa eqacbZ gkbdksVZ esa

¼9½ Jh ds- ih- eFkjk.kh %

fgu tsguh veynkj Jh eFkjk.kh [ks

phQ+ tfLVl ts in [ks lhaxkjhanM+q ekuokjks Jh g'erjk; [kw+cpan

rkjh[k 16&5&1964 rs Hkkjr ljdkj ts fjlsVyesUV ea«kky; esa lfpo

pSuk.khv 1926 esa vkbZ-lh-,l tks bErgku ikl d;ks gqvksA bgks ifgfj;ksa

c.kk;ks fo;ks gqvksA mu[kka vx=q gw dks dkWjiksjs'ku tks pS;jesu gqvksA gqu

okfd+;ks gqvks tks dfga lunh veynkj [ks eqacbZ gkbdksVZ esa ijekusUV rkSj

,MfefuLVªsVho fjQkseZ deh'ku esa fc 'ksokvwa fM=fu;wa gq;waA fgd oSKkfud

phQ+ tfLVl tks vksgnks fefy;ks gqtsA

fMikVZesUV ts vH;kl lfefrv esa 1966 esa lnL; gqvksA Q+wM fefuLVªhv esa

Jh pSuk.khv tks tue rkjh[k 29gha Qjojh 1904 ts M=haga rs flU/k

lsØsVjh ,sa 1970 ts vjls esa gw lqxj bUMLVªh MsoyiesUV dkmfUly tks

ts gSnjkckn esa fFk;ks gqvksA djkphv th Mh- ts- fla/k dkyst esa nkf[kyk

v/;{k fc fFk;ks gqvksA 1961&62 nkSjku Jh eFkjk.kh bfUM;u bUMLVªh;y

ojrkb± ,sa iksb gqu baXySUM th dsfEczt ;qfuoflZVh gsfB esXMsysu dkyst eka

Q+k;ukUl dkWjiksjs'ku tk v/;{k fc Fkh jfg;ks gqvksA gqu xaxk ts ik.khv

uspqjy lk;Ul Vªkbiksl ¼NST½ lCtsDVl esa ch- ,- ikl dbZ gqbZA fgu

ckcr ,sa Q+jkdk Mse rs fjlpZ isilZ fc fyf[k;k gqvkA

dkslZ esa eq[;r;k Vªs lCtsDVl i<+k;k osUnk vkfgfuA Jh pSuk.khv tk

¼10½ Jh th- ,p- ykyok.kh %

gw Fkk.ks ft+ys tks dysDVj rk-

lCtsDVl HkkSfrd foKku] jlk;u foKku ,sa esFksesfVDl gqvkA Hkkjr esa

28&1&1957 [kka 25&8&1958 rkb± gqvksA mu [kka vx=q rka- 16&11&1953

bUgfu foKku ts lCtsDVl ikl dj.k rs ch-,llh- th fMxzh vrk dbZ

[kka 27&11&1954 rkb± lkcjdkaBk ft+yk tks dysDVj gqvksA

osUnh vkgsA xszT;q,V dj.k [kka iksb gqu lky 1926 bZ- esa

ICS

tks bErgku

ikl d;ks ,sa 1927 esa Hkkjr vk;ks gqvksA ifgjha 'kksykiqj iksb ukfld] flU/kh bUMyfB & 63

flU/kh bUMyfB & 64

flU/kh csys tk Q+udkj

^dksVfu esa u d+jkj* ,sa ^lqfg.kh&esgkj* [ks ^vkm dqufu esa dkgs* ts mfuokufu lka

csys th f'kfdfy esa vkank gqvkA bu [kka flokb flU/k

eqYd th ;kfnxhfj;qfu [ks fny esa /kkjs Jh Hkkjrhv ^Fkhm u tqnk tkuh ewa[kka* ,sa ^flU/kw* csys [ks lqfg.kfu ,sa feBM+fu yQ+t+fu tk tkek ifgjk;k gqvkA fgufu fc=Ughfu csyfu [ks vfuyk lqanj M=k<s lqfg.ks uewus jaxeap rs csys u`R;] vnkdkjh] xhr ,sa laxhr tks fgdq ,fg.kks fnyd'k laxe vkgs] tafgats t+jh, dk vk[kk.kh] rokjh[k+h fd+Llks ;k yksd dFkk [ks n'kZdfu ts lkEgwa eap rs ykbZo isf'k d;ks osUnks vkgsA flusek ,sa Vh-oh-v okaxqj csys fc Hkk"kk ,sa laLÑrhv th egQ+wt+xh] ok/kkjks ,sa Qfgyko tks fgdq cgrjhu olhyks vkgsA gk.ks r xhr&laxhr ,sa laoknfu twa lhfM;wa rS;kj djs gyk;wa osafn;wa vkfgfu ,sa iksb mu ewftc csys tk vnkdkj eap rs vph vnkdkjh ,sa u`R; tk jax Hkjhank vkfgfu] ij dq> lkyfu vx=q bva u gqvksA xhr&laxhr ,sa laokn fc eap rs ykbo is'k d;k osUnk gqvkA gk.ks r csys twa rS;kj d;y Mh-oh-Mh- fc feyafn;wa vkfgu] tks ek.gw okandkbZv lka iafgats ?kj esa bZ Vh-oh-v rs eksfuVj ts olhys fM=lh l?kfu Fkk ,sa euksjatu tks yqRQ+q ek.ks l?kfu FkkA csys esa fgd ukpwv lka xM=q fc=;k ukpw fc gwank vkfgfu ,sa u jqx=ks vkSjrwa ij enZ fc csys esa Q+udkj rkSj deq dank vkfgfuA csys ts ekSt+wv ewftc jaxeap th ltkoV ,sa jks'kuh csys [ks fnyd'k c.kkb.k esa p³ks ennxkj lkfcr Fkhank vkfgfuA eqvu&ts&nM+s th [kksVªkbZv eka feVhv tk Bfg;y urZfd;qfu tk tsds iqfryk fefy;k vkfgfu ls flU/kq laLÑrhv esa u`R;@ukp th vfgfe;r fpVh dfu FkkA flU/kh csys ckcfr t=k.k feys Fkh r gsy rkb± 16 [kfu flU/kh vnhcfu rd+jhcu Vªs Mt+u csys fyf[k;k vkfgfu] ftu [ks vfuyk lqanj] jkuh djuk] lksuw pkS/kjh] fla/kw Hkkfx=;k] dqeqn Nqx=k.khv tfgfM+;qfu dFkd ,sa vksfMlh u`R; dyk ts ekfgjfu vkSjrqafu u jqx=ks Hkkjr ij fc=;u nslfu esa jaxeap rs is'k djs n'kZdfu ts fnfy;qfu rs vfeV uD+'k Bkgs NfM=;k vkfgfuA ?k.ks Hkk³s bgs csys rokjh[k+h yksd dgk.kh;qfu rs equflj vkfgfuA vpks r gk.ks okjs oVhv lka vnhcfu ts ukys bUgfu csys tks Fkksjs esa tkbt+ks oBwaA

isf'k d;ks vkgsA mekl th dkjh jkfr ,sa rksQ+kuh nfj;kg esa iSnk FkhanM+ yfgjqfu ts xksM+ ,sa fctyhv ts dM+dkV fopka lqfg.kh feVhv ts dps ?kM+s ts lgkjs lanfl fizre esgkj lka xfM=t.k o¥s Fkh] rM=fga dfo fy[ks Fkks& ^dkjh jkfr dpks ?kM+ks] m.kVhg Åankgh paMq ukyks ukgs dks nfj;kg nM+ ykb* ^mej ekjqbZ* iafgats oru ykb fldanM+ flU/kh iztk th Hkkouk th vyker vkgsA efydk&,&gqLu tsgM+h ekjqbZ tks vigj.k djs mej ukys jktk mu[ks iafgats egy esa Fkks oBh vpsflA mu[ks iafgath jk.kh cf.kt.k ykb mej osurh Fkks djsflA eky eÙkk] fc=;fu 'kS;qafu ,sa lq[k lkgschv twa ykypwa Fkks fM;sflA ij ekjqbZ nknq uFkh fM;sfl iafgts vLer th jf[k;k ykb ekjqbZ tsy th lt+k fc dkVs FkhA tq+Ye lgs FkhA usfB mej iafgath gkj Fkks e¥s ,sa eFkka [k+cj iosfl Fkh r ekjqbZ gqu th [khj&Hks.k gqbZA iksb bTt+r&eku lka mej ekjqbZv [ks lanfl oru ojk, FkksA ^Fkhm u tqnk tkuh ewa[kka* 'kkg vCnqy yrhQ+ ts lqj lkeqaMhv rs vk/kkfjr vkgs] tafgaesa flU/k ,sa flU/kh laLÑrhv twa >fyfd;wa is'kq d;y vkfgfuA flU/kq unhv tks fdukjks] c=sfM+;qfu esa osgh okikj of.kt ykb ijM=sg osanM+ flU/kh ojfd+;qfu ts lykerhv ykb nqvkÅa] c=kjfu twa yksfy;wa] 'kknh&eqjknh] foNksM+ks] llq&uwagq tks ik.k esa ykx=kiks ,sa ofgaokj ox+Sjg ?k.ksbZ eqÌk fgu csys esa fpfV;k fo;k vkfgfuA ghm cgrjhu csys vt=ksdh ub± Vghv [ks flU/kq laLÑrhv ts d+nhe olsZ th p³h t=k.k fM=;s FkksA ifgfj;ksa Hksjks lu~ 1988 esa bgks csys n'kZdfu ts lkEgwa isf'k d;ks fo;ks gqvksA xhr xkso/kZu Hkkjrhv tk fyf[k;y vkfgfu ,sa ekSlhd+h lh- vtqZu rjrhc dbZ gqbZA bu [kka iksb lu~ 1990 esa ^flU/kw* csys jaxeap rs vkanks fo;ks gqvksA fgu csys [ks fc vfuyk lqanj M=k<s lqfg.ks ,sa dykRed uewus isf'k d;ks gqvksA 'ksjks 'kk;jhv lka yckyc laokn fgu csys th tkfu gqvkA flU/kh Hkk"kk ts

¼1½ xkso/kZu Hkkjrh %

vlwyd y¶+t+fu ,sa vankts+ c;ka fgu csys [ks fgd ub± vkSt vrk dbZ gqbZA

yksd xhrfu ts t+fj, tsdks lqfg.kks vnhcq Jh xkso/kZu egcwck.kh

csys th LØhIV ,sa xhr xkso/kZu Hkkjrhv fyf[k;k gqvk ,sa lh- vtqZu fgu

^Hkkjrh* flU/kh ek.gwfu ts fny rs Nkabth fo;ks gks] mu iat csys fyf[k;k

th ekSfld+h rS;kj dbZ gqbZA bfUM;u us'kuy fFk,Vj ikjka bgk csys 1990

gqvkA mUgfu eka Vªs csys r yksd dgk.kh;qfu rs c=/ky gqvkA yksd dFkk

esa is'k dbZ obZ gqbZA

^ewey jk.kks* [ks Jh Hkkjrhv ^jkfr jqlh] fo;ks jk.kks*] ^mej&ekjqbZ*v [ks flU/kh bUMyfB & 65

flU/kh bUMyfB & 66

^fla/kq* csys esa nzfoM+ ,sa vk;Z laLÑfrv th Vdj M=s[kkjh obZ gqbZA fgd

dykdkj lanfu dyk }kjk thvjks j[kh osBk vkfgfuA flU/k th

rgt+hc dyk [ks vgfe;r fM=;s Fkh] r c=h rgt+hc ohjjl ,sa ftLekuh

;knxhfj;qfu [ks rkt+ks djkb±nM+ ,gM+h fgd c=h jpuk vkgs ^flU/kq /kkjk*A

dqor [ksA fgufu fc=Ughfu ts fop esa tsdks ts+guh] y¶+t+h ,sa vkf'kd+k.kh

fgu /kkjk tks ofgdM+ks flU/kh egd+d+ ,sa vnhc eksgu xsgk.khv ts d+ye

rd+jkj fFk, Fkks lka ^flU/kq* v t+fj;s is'k d;ks fo;ks vkgsA veuilan ,sa

eka fudjh vfuyk lqanj ts ftLe esa f?kM+h ,sa fVjdUV dUnks ?k.ksbZ eapfu

u`R; dyk th iwt=kfj.k nzfoM+ fu;k.kh ^flU/kq* v th eqykd+kr vk;Z

rka ygh djs n'kZdfu ts fny rkb± igqrks vkgsA ^rokjh[k+ [ks tsdks folkjs

jktdqekj ^losjks* lka fFk, FkhA dyk cgsrj vkgs ;k ohjjl bu ckcr

Fkks NM=s] r iksbZ rokjh[k fc mu[ks folkjs NM=hanh vkgs* bu Fkhe rs ^flU/kw

cgl esa flU/kq losjks th fny [kVh Fkh oBsA ij I;kj ts fgu if[k;qfu [ks

/kkjk* csys rS;kj d;ks fo;ks gqvksA flU/kq unhv ts fdukjs rs vksflfj;y

'kknh dj.k th btkt+r uFkh feysA vk;Z jktk tks vge gqufu [ks tqnk

flU/kq lH;rk tks 'kkunkj ekt+h ,sa ld+kQ+rh fojls th rokjh[k+h fnyd'k

Fkks djs NM=sA Hkt=h djs 'kknh dj.k ykb flU/kq euk Fkh djsfl ,sa i'kqifr

is'kd'k esa eqvu&tks&M=sjks] jktk M=kfgj lsu] 'kkg&lpy&lkeh tfgM+k

Hkx=oku th izkFkZuk dj.k ykb losjks [ks lE>k, FkhA dgk.khv tks varq

flU/k tk vkx=kVk 'kk;j] lar daojjke] Hkkjr tks fojgk³ks] flU/kh;qfu tks

nq[knkbZ vkgsA p³h c=ksM Fkh vpsA d+;ker vps FkhA laLÑfr ,sa fodkl

Hkkjr esa ojh d+k;e fFkv.kq ,sa mUgfu th vkyeh rLohj tfgM+fu ekSt+wfu

tks uklq fFk, FkksA tsdks rokjh[k+h lpq fc vkgsA

[ks dq> foT+;qvYl th enn lka [kw+c lqfg.ks uewus vfuyk lqanj is'k d;k vkfgfuA lqanj vfxuk.khv ts [k+;kyfu [ks eksgu xsgk.khv laokn ts jLrs

¼2½ gwUnjkt ek.ksd mQZ nknk nq[kk;y

lqBs

uewus

mHkkfj;ks

vkgsA

'ks[k+

v;kt+

,sa

oklnso

eksghv

yksd dfo ,sa jk"Vªh; 'kk;j] vkfniqj ts jgkdw ineJh gwUnjkt

xhrfu&dykefu [ks ?ku';ke oklok.khv laxhr tk tkek fc ifgjk;k

ek.ksd mQZ nknk nq[kk;y c= csys tksfM+;k gqvk] tafgatk muoku vkfgu

vkfgu ,sa x=krk fc vkfgfuA fop&fop esa MkW- eksrhyky tksrok.khv tk

^o.kq dqgkM+ks* ,sa mej ekjqbZA mej ekjqbZ fgd yksd dgk.kh vkgs ,sa

'yksd fc ^flU/kw /kkjk* [ks fgdq uvksa vk;ke c[+'kfu FkkA twyh rstok.khv

o.kq&dqgkM+ks fgd vykerh jaxokjh fM?kh jpuk vkgsA dqgkM+hv tks

xzkfQ+Dl ,sa foT+;qvYl th jpuk esa dks fc d+lj dksu NM=h vkgsA

gfFk;ks o.k th dkBhv eka bZ Bkfg;ks osanks vkgs ,sa iksb mu dqgkM+hv tks

Jh eksgu xsgk.kh lanfl fc=;sa csys ^t+ky&dM=afga t+sj] dMa=fga t+cj* esa

bLreky o.kfu [ks dV.k ykb d;ks osanks vkgsA eryc r ?kj tks bZ dks

vkSjr th ft+Unxhv tk Vªs :i /khv] ifRu ,sa ekm is'kq d;k vkfgfuA

Hkkrh tsdj nq'eu lka gFkq feyk, mulka fgdq Fkh o¥s r gw Hkkrh iafgats bZ

fgdq&c= u ij vnn ;kjgka u`R; vfuyk lqanj lanfl lkfFk;qfu lka xM=qth

ifjokj [ks cckZn djs Fkks NM=sA fgu th jpuk vaxzstfu ts lkEgq gyk;y

is'k d;k vkfgfuA fgu csys th ekSlhd+h txnh'k ykyok.khv rjrhc

rgjhj nkSjku dbZ obZ gqbZ ,sa Hkkjr okfl;qfu [ks fgd psrko fM=;s ibZA ?kj

fM=uh vkgsA

dk Hksnh yadk <k;s ,fgM+h po.kh fgUnhv esa vkgsA

Jh xsgk.kh Hkksiky esa jganks vkgsA Jh xsgk.kh ghavj iqjkf.kfu flU/kh fQ+yeqafu ts xhru rs equflj fVª;sa c=sys th jpuk esa jq/kyq vkgsA

¼3½ yNe.k HkkfV;k nsgyhv esa jganM+ lng;kr Jh yNe.k HkkfV;k Vªs csys d+ye can

¼5½ eksgu Nkc=fj;k %

d;k gq;kA ewey jk.kks] lqj lksjfB ,sa lqfg.kh esgkjA bgs VªbZ csys rokjh[k+h

fla/k ts fljeksj ;xkus 'kk;j 'kkg vCnqy yrhQ fHkVkbZ ?kksV ts

yksd dgkf.k;qfu rs c/ky vkfgfuA e'kgwj u`R;kaxuk Jherh jkuh djuk

jpukÅafu ts Ngfu lwjfe;qfu th dgk.kh] vfuyk lqanj tk eu eksghanM+

bgs csys jaxeap rs is'kq d;k gqvkA

y;c) u`R;] izHkq oQ+k tk xhr ,sa eFkka rM+ds okaxqj okfd+;fu ts eqftc jfp;y e/kqj laxhr fgufu lfHkuh bLefu tks esM+q vkgs u`R; ukfVdk

¼4½ eksgu xsgk.kh %

^fld lt=.k th*A fgu csys t+fj, bZ vfuyk lqanj csys th nqfu;k esa

flU/k ts bykbd+s ts feVhv th [kq+'cw ,sa flU/kqv ts Fk¥q th esBkt r

t+ksj'kksj lka nkf[k+y Fkh gqbZA lHk [kka ifgjha lu~ 1982 esa is'k fFk;y fgu

fla/k tk c=kj dM=fga u Hkqyk;s l?kankA fojgk³s csbn fla/k eka yfM= iyk.k

csys tk laokn ys[kd ,sa fuekZrk Jh eksgu Nkc=fj;k fyf[k;k gqvkA vfuyk

djs Hkkjr esa Fkkb±dh fFk;y iztk th mej lr M=gkdk ikj djs pqdh vkgsA

[kq+n fc fuekZ.k esa lk>snkj c.kh gqbZA u`R;fu th lewjh fgnk;rdkjh

flU/kh;qfu ts eu esa c=jnaM+ vck.ks oru twa ;knxhfj;wa m>ke.k okfj;wa

vfuyk iafgats bZ dqYgfu rs [kb± gqbZA

ukfgfuA flU/kh vnhc flfU/k;r th mu egd [ks lanfu d+ye t+fj, ,sa flU/kh bUMyfB & 67

lksyks] ;qxy rksM+s xzqi u`R;fu ts ek/;e lka 'kkg yrhQ+ twa Ngfu flU/kh bUMyfB & 68

yksd vk[kkf.k;qfu [ks vfuyk vtc fopka is'k d;wa gq;waA lt=h yksd dgk.kh u] ij mUgfu twa vge ukf;dkmfu tk eqnk is'k d;k fo;k gqvkA

¼8½ vtqZu ruok.kh %

jk.kks&ewey esa ewey th rM+Q] fiz;re lka xM=t.k ykb llqbZv th

flU/khv ts vge x+t+ydkj Jh vtqZu ruok.kh ^gkfln* fc csys

csd+jkjh] ekjqbZv th ikd+ht+xh] uwjhv ts fgjns esa mFkanM+ tT+ckrfu twa

fy[k.k rs vkt+ekb'k dbZ gqbZ ,sa fgu vnhc ^mej ek#bZ*v th yksd

ygjqa] yhyk&puslj esa yhyk tks iNrko ,sa lqfg.khv th dpks ?kM+s lka

dgk.khv [ks iafgats vankt+ esa csys tks tkeks ifgjk;ks gqvksA fgu csys esa

nfj;kg esa f?kM+.k tks lkglh ykM+ks fgufu lfHkuh jaxfu [ks vfuyk lqanj

dq>q xqtjkrh vnkdkj fc 'kkfey d;k fo;k gqvkA

[k+wchv lka is'kq djs csys ts [ksrj esa iafgatks /kkdks eqa< [kka bZ t=ek, NfM=;ks

¼9½ esa?kjkt xqjuk.kh %

gqvksA

izlkj Hkkjrhv lka tqfM+;y Jh esa?kjkt xqjuk.khv ^yhyk puslj* rs

¼6½ iksiVh ghjkuank.kh %

equflj csys fyf[k;ks gqvksA Jh xqjuk.kh jsfM;ks Hkqt rs dq> vjlks jfg;ks

izksQ+slj iksiVh ghjkuank.khv fc c= csys fyf[k;k vkfgfuA fgdq r

iksb gqu[ks ljdkj vkdk'kok.kh nsgyh eksfdys NfM=;ks gqvksA ts+ojfu th

^flfU/k;r th lqjgk.k* ,sa fc=;ks ^flU/kq eqafgath veka*A thva r mfuokufu

df'k'k fgd vkSjr [ks dsrjks gsfB dsjk, l?ks Fkh mu tks ftØq mu

eka bZ tkfgj vkgs r bgs csys flU/k ,sa flU/kh d+kSe ckcfr vkfgfuA vfuyk

vk[kk.khv esa vkgsA

lqanj ifgfj;ksa csys lu~ 1985 esa ,sa fc=;ks lu~ 1997 esa jaxeap rs vkank gqvkA ^flfU/k;r th lqjgk.k* esa flU/kh ek.gwa tsds fM=.kokj ,sa R;kSgkj eYgkb±nk

¼10½ ukjk;.k ';ke %

vkfgfu] mUgfu eka lr] tfgM+k fd Fk/kM+h] VªhtM+h] fM=;kjh] frjewjh] clar

Jh ukjk;.k ^';ke*] ^:iek;k* muoku lka fgd csys th jpuk dbZ

iapeh] gksyh ,sa psVªhpaMª bva lrfu fM=.kokjfu [ks vfuyk lqanj R;kSgkj

gqbZ] tafga[ks lksuw pkS/kjhv jaxeap rs is'k d;ks gqvksA fgu csys tk xhr

ewftc lr osl&ox=k ik, fgd fc=;s ts iqfB;ka fnyd'k uewus is'k djs

oklqnso fueZy fyf[k;k gqvkA fgu csys esa flU/kh rksM+s laLÑr bva fc=fUgfu

gkt+fjfu [ks eksgs NfM=;ks gqvksA fgu esa xhr Jh ,e- dey fyf[k;k gqvk ,sa

c=ksyh;qfu tks orkZo ck[k+wch d;ks fo;ks gqvksA ghm csys _f"k fo'okfe«k ,sa

ekSlhd+h lh- y[kehpan rjrhc dbZ gqbZA

muth lk/kuk tks Hkax dj.k vk;y lqx=Z th vIljk esudk th dgk.khv rs

fc=;ks csys lu~ 1997 esa jaxeap rs is'k d;ks fo;ks gqvksA Hkkjr th

c=/kyq vkgsA

vkt+knh pbts ;k fo'kky Hkkjr tks fojgk³ks ,sa ikfdLrku tks fuekZ.k pbts ;k flU/k oru NM=s cs?kj ,sa cslgkjk c.kth] lHkq dq>q dq+jcku djs

¼11½ [k+q'kh eVkbZ %

Hkkjr esa vk;y flfU/k;qfu eFkka vk;y vkQr pbts] muth 50 gha

^fla/kq dyk niZ.k* [ks cjik danM+q] jsfM;ks] Vhoh ,sa jaxeap bva fVªu

lkyfxjg ts ekSds+ rs bgks csys is'k d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgu esa flU/kh iztk th

olhyfu t+fj, iafgath dyk [ks is'kq dUnM+ ,sa fc=;u dykdkjfu th

csgkyh] ojh Fkkb±dks fFkv.k] fujkfJr eka iq#"kkFkhZ ,sa iksb mu eka gk.ks

fgeFk vQtkbZ danM+ mYgkluxj ts jgkdw Jh [kq+'kh eVkbZv fc ds csys

ijekFkhZ cf.k;y flfU/k;qfu th tnks tgn th dgk.kh lek;y vkgsA

rS;kj d;k vkfgfuA lu~ 1973 esa gqu jke c=syk.khv ts fgnk;r dkjhv

laokn fy[k.k esa dqekj f[kyok.khv fc izks- iksiVhv [ks lkFkq fM=uks gqvksA

gsfB ^lksjfB jkb fM=;kp* csys isf'k d;ks gqvksA bu[kka iksb lu~ 1980 esa

xhr oklqnso fueZy ,sa Ñ".k jkghv tk fyf[k;y gqvkA laxhr th

^dFkk mM=sjsyky th* isf'k d;kb±] tafga esa vge ukpq lksuw pkS/kjh gqbZA lu~

ftesokjh ?ku';ke oklok.khv laHkkyh gqbZA

1985 esa ^yhyk puslj* [ks jaxeap rs vkankb±] tafgatk vge fdjnkj gqvk v'kksd vkbyk.kh ,sa ckyhoqM th vnkdkj dqeqn Nqx=k.khA iksb ^uwjh t=ke

¼7½ jke cs=yk.kh %

rekph* isf'k d;kb±] tafgaesa uwjhv tks fdjnkj dqeqn Nqx=k.khv ,sa t=ke

vkfniqj tks ts+guh dykdkj jke c=syk.kh ^[kqekj* r iafgats lqn t=.kq

rekphv tks fdjnkj ukjh eVkbZv fuckfg;ks gqvksA mu [kka iksb ojh lu~

fgdq ft+Unk jaxeapq gqvksA vkdk'kok.kh ;kfu jsfM;ks Hkqt= ¼dPN½ rka gqu

1987 esa ^lksjfB jkb fM=;kp* is'k d;kb±A ^uwjh t=ke rekph* r ;w&V;wc rs

200 [kfu laxhr :id rS;kj djs is'kq d;k gqvkA gqu csys ?k.kk dks u

jf[k;yq vkgsA bu[kka flokb Jh eVkbZv ^ft+Unxhv tks eksM+* ,sa xka/kh/kke

fyf[k;k gqvkA flU/kh yksd dgk.kh ^jkb fM=;kp* [ks Jh jke c=syk.khv csys

[ks vM=kb±nM+ HkkbZ izrkijk; rs fc 40 feUVfu th nLrkost+h fQ+Ye rS;kj

th f'kfdfy esa vkUnks gqvksA

dbZ vkgsA ghv fc ;w&V;wc rs fM=lh lf?kts FkhA flU/kh bUMyfB & 69

flU/kh bUMyfB & 70

¼12½ dqekj f[kyok.kh %

csys ts fuekZ.k esa nknh iq"ik vkM=ok.khv fc p³ks ekyh lgdkj fM=uks

dqekj f[kyok.kh vke rkSj ukVd tks vnkdkj vkgsA gw ukVd ts gj

vkgs] mgs csys gqvk ^tyosnkj flU/kh*] ^:i ek;k*] ^thty fla/k* ,sa

igywv lka tqfM+;y vkgsA Jh f[kyok.khv iat [kfu csys fyf[k;k vkfgu]

^ryk'k*A lksuw pkS/kjhv fgufu csys [ks jaxeap rka is'k d;k gqvkA fgufu

mUgfu tk muoku vkfgu& gksyhv th lrjaxh 'kke] lrjaxh ykM=k]

[kka flokb fc=;s tsds csys lksuwv is'k d;k vkfgfu] mUgfu tks fuekZ.k lksuw

ekMuZ Hkx=r] ekMuZ eqx+ys&vkt+e ,sa lpq Fkh pokaA ghm iat bZ csys lksuw

pkS/kjhv ik.k d;ks gqvksA

pkS/kjh jaxeap rs is'kq djs pqdh vkgsA

gk.kksds les esa csys th fjFk p³h ?kfVth obZ vkgsA mutk fc ds lcc vkfgfu] ftu[ks ut+j vankt+ uFkks djs lf?ktsA ekyh rd+yhQwa fc

¼13½ gsek pank.kh %

vkfgfuA LikUllZ uFkk feyfuA flusek [kka iksb Vh-oh- ,sa gk.ks th x=kfYg

gsek pank.khv twa fyf[k;y fVªu u`R; ukfVdkmfu [ks lksuw pkS/kjh

dfj;wa rs ysiVkWi ,sa LekVZ Qksu ?kj&?kj esa Nkabth fo;k vkfgfuA fgufu

jaxeap rs vk.ks pwdh vkgs] ls vkfgfu ^thty fla/k*] ^ryk'k* ,sa ^Ñ".k

gFkhdh 'kS;qafu rs foanqj tk ,rjk dk;ZØe] flfj;Yl] Q+hpj fQ+Yewa]

yhyk*A

xhr&laxhr&ukVd Fkk is'kq d;k o¥fu] tks ek.gw eqa>h Fkks ios r Nk fM=ltsA fgu tks vlj csys ts fuekZ.k rs fFk;.k ykt+eh vkgsA csys ts

¼14½ fd'kksj ykyok.kh %

fuekZ.k esa v.kkB vkbZ vkgs iksa;fu ohgfu lkyfu esa dks fc uvksa csys rS;kj

ukxiqj esa jganM+ fgu vnhc rksM+s dykdkj th csys jpuk ^tyosnkj

dksu d;ks fo;ks vkgsA bgk fc fgd Bksl] lp ,sa M=q[kq M=hanM+ gd+hd+r

flU/kh*v [ks lksuw pkS/kjh is'k djs pqdh vkgsA

vkgsA

¼15½ oklqnso fueZy % lksuw pkS/kjh oklqnso fueZy tks fyf[k;y csys ^c=kj xqyfu tk gkj* eap rka is'k djs pqdh vkgsA

¼16½ Hkkuq HkÍ % ys[kd] fnXn'kZd Hkkuq HkV ts fyf[k;y csys ^up.kh*v [ks lsIVsEcj 2015 esa fla/kh ,dsMsehv th lsØsVjh Jherh flU/kw Hkkfx=;k feJk] vkfniqj esa jaxeap rs is'k djs pqdh vkgsA csys is'kq dj.k tks vge 'kQqZ lksuw pkS/kjh ,sa vfuyk lqanj [ks M=bZ lf?kts FkksA fgufu fc=Ughu jd+klkmfu 11&11 gka csys gsy rkb± is'k d;k vkfgu ,sa vt=q fc ljxje vkfgfuA vfuyk lqanj r fgd&fgd csys tk 30 [kka 40 'kkst+ d;k vkfgu u #x=ks Hkkjr esa ij fons'k th /kjrhv rs fi.kq gqu iafgats dyk tk tkSgj M=s[kkfj;k vkfgfuA lk/kq Vh- ,y- oklok.kh ,sa nknk ts- ih- oklok.khv ts fyf[k;y lwQ+h ,sa jqgkuh dykefu [ks fi.kq vfuyk laqnj csys th f'kfdy esa is'k djs pqdh vkgsA nqcbZv esa jganM+ xqyksdkjk dks'kh ykyok.khv ^tkx= flU/kh tkx=* ukys fgd csys th jpuk dbZ gqbZA fgu csys tk lHksbZ u`R; vfuyk lqanj ik.k rS;kj d;k ,sa is'k fc d;kb±A fgdq fgUnh csys ^xhr xksfoan* fc vfuyk is'k djs pqdh vkgsA eryc r vfuyk lqanj csys ts nqfu;k th ;xkuh ,sa cs'kfderh dykdkj vkgsA flU/kh bUMyfB & 71

flU/kh bUMyfB & 72

flU/kh fQ+Yeh xhr &xkbZUnM+ xS+j flU/kh jqx=ks gqujq bZ u ij Hkk"kk ¼c=ksyh½] vnc ,sa laLÑfrv ts Q+fgyko ,sa e'kgwjh ykb fQ+Yewa fgd vgfe;r okjks ,sa rkd+roj olhyks vkfgfuA eFkka ojh ekdw+y fc vkgsA de dj.k [kka iksbZ Fkdth fo;y ek.gw v<kbZ&fVªfu dykdfu rkb± euksjatu ek.ks rkt+ks&rokuks Fkh osanks vkgsA gk.ks r euksjatu th fgu nqfu;k esa Vhoh ,sa LekVZ Qksu tfgM+fu tnhn lk/kufu ts vp.k lka nz'; ,sa JkO; ¼fM=l.kq ,sa c=q/k.kq½ ek/;e tks ok/kkjks Fkh fo;ks vkgs] o/khd Q+fgyko Fkh fo;ks vkgsA fu;kifu ts Q+fgyko esa fctyhv tfgM+h rst+ j¶+rkj vph obZ vkgsA ek.gwv ts jgu&lgu] [kku&iku] osl& ox=k ikbZ.k esa fc pf³;wa rCnhyh;wa vph fo;wa vkfgfuA xhr&laxhr th jpuk ,sa mu[ks is'k dj.k tks vankt+ tsds vt=q vlkats lkEgw vkfgfu] ls dq>q M=gkdfu vx=q u gqvkA Hkkjr esa fQ+Yewa r ?k.ksbZ Hkk"kkmfu esa rS;kj d;wa o¥u fFk;waA bufu esa fgUnh fQ+Yewafu tks rknkn ?k.kks vkgsA edkuh cksyh ftva r ejkBh] xqtjkrh] Hkkstiqjh ox+Sjg esa fc gkt+jh Hkjkb.k [k+kfrj fQ+Yewa rS;kj d;wa fFk;wa o¥fuA ij fla/kh fQ+Yewfu ts fuekZ.k tks rknkn r fgdq fpark tks lccq vkgsA Hkkjr th vkt+knh ;kfu 1947 bZ- [kka oBh vt=q 2020 rkb± 73 lkyfu ts vjls esa 60 [kfu fQ+Yewa bZ rS;kj d;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA buesa fc iks;afu fc=u Mgkdfu esa j¶+rkj o/kh vkgs] u r 1985 rkb± r flQ+Zq 18 ¼vjM+kag½ fQ+Yeqfu tks bZ fuekZ.k Fkh lf?k;ks gqvksA nqfu;k th ifgjha fla/kh fQ+Ye ^,drk* r 1942 esa flU/k esa rS;kj dbZ obZ gqbZA lgh ekuk eka fM=Bks o¥s r ^vck.kk* fQYe [ks ifgjha fla/kh fQ+Ye tks yscy yx=kb.k ?kqjtsA xhr&laxhr th x=kfYg dts r xhrdkj] laxhrdkj ,sa x=kb±nM+fu tks rknkn ?k.kks egnwn gqvksA x=kbZUnM+fu esa lHkuh [kka o/khd ;ksxnku dqHkxoarh ukok.khv tks jfg;ksA thva cksyhoqM esa yrk eaxs'kdj tks /kkdks gqvks] cjkcj rhva flU/kh fQ+Yewfu esa Hkxaorh ukok.kh Nk;ay jgh gqbZA ekSlhdhv ts [ksrj esa lh- vtqZu ,sa cqyks lh- jk.kh r ojh xhr fy[k.k esa xkso/kZu Hkkjrh ,sa ijljke ft+;k tks tknw Q+fgfy;yq gqvksA xhr&laxhr r fQ+Ye th tku ef¥;k o¥fu FkkA ?k.ksbZ fQ+Yewa vfgfM+;wa fc vkfgu tks flQZ+ xhr&laxhr ts t+ksj rs bZ d+ke;kc fFk;qa vkfgfuA gk.ks fc=fu M=gkdfu [kka fla/kh fQ+Yewfu ts fuekZ.k esa fnypLih M=s[kkjhanM+ ljxje fFk;k vkfgfuA mYgkluxj] jk;iqj] ukxiqj] eqacbZ] flU/kh bUMyfB & 73

vgenkckn ,sa fc=;u 'kgjfu tk dq>q 'kkgwdkj ^flU/kh;r* M=kagq tkfx=;k vkfgfuA ek.gwfu ts fnfy;qfu eka flU/kh c=ksyh ,sa laLÑfr ckfgj isb fudjanh o¥s] mu[ks okfil eksVk, fny esa lka<s j[k.k ykb] c=hgj dk;e djkb.k ykb fdfu fla/kh fuekZrkmfu yydkj [ks >fV;ks gqts bva yx=s FkksA fgd lqBh x=kfYg vkgs ,sa buth vkft;ka ,sa bt+r fFkv.kq ?kqjtsA cksyhoqM ,sa VsyhoqM esa ljxje ,sa oM=k oM=k ek.gw tfgM+k fd jes'k flIih] jktdqekj ghjk.khv [ks flU/kh fQ+Yewa Bkfg.k th t+jk fc rek ukgsA mUgfu [ks flU/kh fQ+Yewfu esa /ka/kks ¼okikjq½] ut+j uFkks vpsA vt=q ts uo;qok flU/kh fuekZrk ,sa fgnk;rdkjfu fgeFk djs uqd+lku fFkv.k tks tksf[k+e [k.kh djs fc u;wa flU/kh fQ+Yewa ftva r I;kj djs fMlq] fn vosdfuax] ikM+sokjh] fny fM=ts fny okjfu [ks] I;kj tk jax] fla/kh lkb±] osyde y{eh] ,glkl tfgfM+;wa fQYewa rS;kj d;wa vkfgfuA bUgfu eas panj gjnklh ,sa nhid okVok.kh o/khd ljxje yx=fu FkkA bgs lHkq 'kkck'khv yk;dq vkfgfuA flU/kh fQ+Yewafu ykb flU/kh xqyksdkj iafgatfu lqjfu esa flU/kh xhr xkbu] lk r fgd vke x=kfYg vkgs] ij tM=fga dks xS+j flU/kh xqyksdkj fla/kh y¶+t+ xk;s Fkks] r mgk fgd vtc Hkjh x=kfYg t+:j yx=s FkhA vycÙkk fgd xk;d dykdkj ykb c=hv c=ksyhv esa xhr is'k dj.k dk M=q[kh x=kfYg gqt.kq r u ?kqfjtsA thva r M=[k.k Hkkjr ts xk;dfu ckyk lqczgef.k;e] dfork fØ'uewfrZ] 'kkjnk tfgM+fu xqyksdkjfu ?k.ksbZ fgUnh fQ+Yewfu tk xhr x=k;k fc vkfgfu] ij flU/kh cksyhv th x=kfYg dq>q /kkj vkgsA mutks lcc vkgs flU/kh cksyhv tk ds [k+kl mPpkj x=]t=]c=]M=]¥]³ oxSjg] ij fgd eqíks bgks fc fM=lts Fkks r xhru esa bufu [k+kl mPpkjfu okjfu y¶+t+fu ts cnjka dks fc=;k yQ+t jf[k;k osank vkfgfu] tfga lka xqyksdkj [ks x=kb.k esa o/khd rd+yhQ u fFk;sA vt=q rkb± 35 [kfu x+Sj fla/kh xqyksdkjfu fla/kh fQ+Yeh xhrfu [ks iafgats ehBM+s vkokt+ lka lhaxkfj;k vkfgfuA flU/kh;qfu ts fnfy;qfu [ks [kq'k d;ks vkgsA fgufu xqyksdkjfu fgdq ;k c= xkuk bZ x=krk vkfgfu] ij egsUnz diwj tfgM+s igkM+h cqyan vkokt+ ts ekfyd [kka fuekZrkmfu ,sa laxhrdkjfu Mt+fu [kfu fla/kh xhr x=kjk;k vkfgfuA cksyhoqM ts csrkt ckn'kkg ejgwe eksgEen jQ+h lkfgc [kka izks- jke iatkok.khv vBfu xhrfu th yksax Iys jsdksMZ rS;kj djkbZ gqbZA gkykafd mgs x+S:fQ+Yeh xhr vkfgfu] ij bUgfu xhrfu [ks ;k dykefu [ks flU/kh fQ+Yewfu esa tksx=h tk; M=bZ lf?kts FkhA ?k.ksbZ x+Sj fQ+Yeh fc=;fu fla/kh xhrfu [ks fQ+Yeqfu esa jf[k;ks fo;ks fc vkgsA vpks r gk.ks okjsoVhv lka bUgfu xhrfu tks tkbt+ks oBwaA flU/kh bUMyfB & 74

¼1½ xqtjkrh ukVdfu ,sa fQ+Yewfu tks vnkdkj rksM+s fgnk;rdkj

¼5½ M=[k.k Hkkjr th fgd ukfe;kjh xqyksdkjk fØ'uk dYys iafgats

jke jlhyk 1960 esa flU/kh fQ+Ye ^llqbZ iqUgwa* Bkgh gqbZA laxhrdkj egs'k

dksf'k'kqfu ckotwn cksyhoqM esa o/khd dkfe;kc u Fkh l?kh gqbZA

ifu;k gqvksA fgv fQ+Ye d+kfe;kc u obZ] r iksb fgu esa dq>q rcfnyh;wa

laxhrdkj ,sa xk;d dykdkj Jh t=sBkyky fla/kh fQ+Ye ^jkfr fgd rwQ+ku

djs ,sa iksb mu[ks ^ijnslh izhre* ts muoku lka ojh is'k dbZ obZ gqbZA fgu

th* esa fØ'uk [kka fgd nksxkuks x=kjk;ks gqvks] tafgaesa ts=Bkyky ik.k fc

fQ+Ye esa e[keyh vkokt+ ts /k.kh ,sa x+ty xk;d ryr egsewn [kka fc

gqvksA bgks nksxkuks MkW- eksrh izdk'k tks fyf[k;y gq;ksA ^gh ut+kjk I;kjk I;kjk

fgdq xhrq x=kjk;ks fo;ks gqvksA ^nene vk ;kfn ewa[ks fnycj ;kj fnycj

ft+Unxh glhu vk] jkr fc jaxhu vk

eqafgaM+ks u rwa eVkbt egcwc eqafgatk fnycj---*

rwa fc dafga lk I;kj dfj lue

¼2½ izks- jke iatok.kh ts uksosy ^vkgs u vkgs* r fgd flU/kh fQ+Ye

ghv tokuh vk fnokuh

^>wysyky* 1964 esa rS;kj dbZ obZ gqbZA buesa flU/kh;qfu ts b"Vnso lkb±

dhu ,rckj dfj lksps le>h I;kj djq

>wysyky th thouh ,sa peRdkj is'k d;k fo;k gqvkA ckyhoqM ts

rks[ks eqafgats tku tks d+le---*

lnkcgkj xqyksdkj egsUnz diwj fla/kh fQYewfu esa xhr xkbZ.k tks vkx+kt+ fgu fQ+Ye [kka d;ks gqvksA ghm xhr vt=q fc ed+cwy vkgsA

¼6½ ckWyhoqM ts e'kgwj ,sa ?k.ks Hkk³s djq.k jl ;k lathnxhv lka Hkfj;y xhrfu ts xqyksdkj eqds'k ekFkqj fc fla/kh fQ+Ye ^ud+yh 'kku* esa

^okg okg M+s jaxh rqfgtk jax

vk'kk gjxquk.kh v lka xfM=th c= nksxkuk x=k;k gqvkA fgv fQ+Ye jkels

rks [kfyfd;k ds er tk ewM+gk

Hkkmjfu 1971 bZ- esa Bkgh gqbZA

,ssa ds eLr eyaxA okg okg M+s jaxh---

^glhu jkfr vk eLrq vk fQ+t+k

xhr xkso/kZu Hkkjrh ¼vtesj½ v tks fyf[k;yq gqvks ,sa ekSlhd+h lh-

lko.kh ?kVk dhva jgwa twnk

vtqZu rjrhc fM=uh gqbZA xkso/kZu Hkkjrhv th fc bgk ifgjha flU/kh fQ+Ye

ghm oD+r I;kj tks vk

gqbZA

I;kj] I;kj dj rwa I;kj---* ¼egsUnz diwj ts fc=;fu xhrfu tks ft+Øq fgu ckc esa vyx lka

xhr tks vkx+kt eqds'k Fkks djs iksb mu[ks vk'kk nksgjk, FkhA xhrdkj fØ'ku jkghv ts xhrfu [ks cqyks lh- jk.khv laxhr lka lhaxk;kZ

d;yq vkgsA½ ¼3½ 1968 bZ- esa ^gkstekyks* vkbZA fgu fQ+Ye esa lr xhr gqvkA

gqvkA fc=;ks xhr gqvks %

mUgfu esa fgdq xhr gqvks] ^gEIVh MEIVh lsV vksu v okWy*A fgu lewg xku

^vf[k QM+ds fny /kM+ds uhaMª u vps r Nk pbts

esa yfrdk lsu tks fc lqjq gqvks] ckd+h Vªs vkokt+ flU/kh xqyksdkjfu tk

dksbZ cq=/k.k pkgs r c=q/ks] I;kjq bUghv [ks pbcks vk---*

gqvkA egsUnz diwj fc fgdq xhrq x=krks gqvksA

¼7½ lrjke jksgM+k 1984 bZ- esa ^gyq r Hkt=h gywa* tks fuekZ.k d;ks

¼4½ 1969 bZ- ts lky ts vkf[kjha Mhaga rs is'kq fFk;y fQ+Ye ^'ky

gq;ks] tafga tks fgnk;rdkj enu tqek.kh gq;ks ,sa laxhrdkj lh- vtqZuA

/kh;jq u t=efu* esa fgd lksyks xhr egsUnz diwj x=k;ks gqvks ,sa fc=;ks fgdq

fgu fQ+Ye esa dqy Ng xkuk gqvkA mUgfu eka fgdq xhr yrk eaxs'kdj ts

lksyks vk'kk Hkkslys ts lqj esa gqvksA fgm fojg xhr xkso/kZu Hkkjrhv

vkokt+ esa gq;ks %

fyf[k;ks gqvks ,sa lh- vtqZu laxhr lka lhaxkfj;ks gqvks %

^ys[k fo/kkrk tks fyf[k;ks lks Vkjs dhu Vjs

^vkm vph feyq vks euBkj

fd+Ler dgj djs eqafgatks tkuhvk tqnk d;ks

rqafgats foNksM+s ekjh vkfg;ka---*

vks eqafgatk lqijha] rks[kka foNqM+h

dgk.kh ,sa xhr&laxhr ts t+ksj rs fgv fQ+Ye ckWDl vksfQ+l ts

eqafgath fny Nk djs] fny Nk djs

fygkt+ lka M=k<h dkfe;kc fQ+Ye lkfcr Fkh gqbZA M=srh&ysrhv th dgk.kh okjh fgu fQ+Ye tks izksM;wlj jes'k jkt gqvks ,sa fgnk;rdkjh nhid vk'kk ¼/kje dqekj rksyk.kh½ th gqbZA vk'kk Hkkslys fc=;ks flU/kh xhr ^vEeh ;k eEeh*v esa x=krks gq;ksA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 75

jksb jksb vkagwa Fkh Hkjs---* xhrdkj ukjk;.k ';ke ts y¶+t+fu [ks yrkthv vljnkj uewus is'k d;ks gqvksA Jh ukjk;.k ';ke fgu xhr esa flU/khv tk [k+kl mPpkjfu okjk y¶+t+ dksu fo/kk gqvkA yrk eaxs'kdj iksb fc=;ks dks flU/kh xhr dksu

flU/kh bUMyfB & 76

x=krks vkgsA

rfga[ks eka dhva folkfj;ka

fgu fQ+Ye tks fc=;ks xhr lrjke jksgM+k ,sa m"kk eaxs'kdj xM=th

ftUn tkfu rafgarka okfj;ka

x=k;ks gq;ksA ghm xhr eLrkuh ekSle esa fny [ks >we.k ,sa up.k th uhaM Fkks

tfgaesa fM=uh vk ewa[ks iha?ks esa ekm yksyh

fM=;sA

flU/kh vck.kh c=ksyh---* flU/kh Hkk"kk th vgfe;r fpVªh danM+ ,sa flU/kh Hkk"kk [ks dM=afga fc

^vkbZ vkbZ vk fjrq eLrkuh >wes >wes Fkh fny fnokuh

u folkj.k th osurh danM+q ghm xhr nhid vk'kk tks fyf[k;yq vkgsA

vpks M+s vpks M+s vpks vpks M+s

fgu xhr esa pkj varjk vkfgfuA iks;fu fc=fu varjkmfu esa lq"ek Js"B tks

upks M+s upks iqdkjs Fkh tokuh---*

vkokt+ vkgsA bu[kka flok; fgu xkus esa jes'k jktiky ,sa psru tk fc lqj

ghm xhr fc ukjk;.k ';ke tks fyf[k;yq gqvksA xkus tks vkx+kt

vkfguA ghv r fgd rokjh[k+h x=kfYg c.kth ibZ vkgs tks fgd flU/kh

m"kk eaxs'kdj Fkh djsA bva fgd bZ fla/kh fQ+Ye esa fc=u Hksujqfu ¼yrk ,sa

fQ+Ye esa pkj&pkj xS+j flU/kh vkSjrqfu ¼xkf;dkmfu½ tk vkokt+ is'k d;k

m"kk½ xhr x=k;k gqvkA bgks ifgfj;ksa fd+Llks cf.k;ks gqvksA bva fM=lts r

fo;k vkfgfuA

flU/kh fQ+Yewafu esa yrk] m"kk ,sa vk'kk fVªfufu Hksujqfu xhr x=k;k vkfgfu]

m"kk eaxs'kdj fgu esa fgdq lksyks xhr is'k d;ks gqvks %

vycÙkk xhrfu tks rknkn r vka³qfj;qfu rs x.kth l?kts ,rjks bZ vkgs ij

^vph feyq ewalka euBkj feBk

DokfyVhv esa ?kfVrkbZ ukgsA

nsfj u dfj fnfynkj feBk---*

¼8½ fgu fQ+Ye ts fc=u lkyfu [kka iksbZ lky 1986 bZ- esa ^vEeh ;k

¼9½ niZ.k fQYEl ts csuj gsfB jktdqekj dksVok.khv ukys fgd

eEeh* fQ+Ye is'kq dbZ obZA fgu esa Ng xkuk gqvkA fgufu xhrfu [ks vk'kk

fuekZrk tuojh 1993 bZ- esa ^dsjq dafgatks* fQYe rS;kj dbZ gqbZA

Hkkslys]

tfgM+fu

fgnk;rdkj Jh dey ukFkk.kh ,sa laxhrdkj dku eksrhgkj gqvkA ghavj

xqyksdkjkmfu ¼lHkbZ vkSjrwa½ iafgatks ehBM+ks vkokt+q fM=uks gksA fgu fQ+Ye

Jh dksVok.kh rksM+s Jh eksrhgkj g;kr ukfgfuA fgu fQ+Ye tk xkuk fc

tks xhrdkj rksM+s laxhrdkj Jh dku eksrhgkj gksA fgu fQ+Ye esa fgdq

mUgfu fyf[k;k gqvkA fgu fQ+Ye esa lr xhr gqvkA xk;d dykdkjfu esa

ikVhZ xhr gksA MkUl ykb uhaM M=hanM+ xhr ts y¶+t+fu [ks vk'kk yfgjk;k

egsUnz diwj] vuqjk/kk ikSMoky ,sa lqjs'k okMsdj tks fc 'kqekj fFk;yq gqvksA

m"kk

eaxs'kdj]

lqy{k.kk

iafMr

,sa

lq"ek

Js"B

egsUnz diwj f[kykbUnM+ xhr xk;ks gqvksA mu ykVjh xhr tk c=ksy

gqvk % ^vpq rwa upq rwa] [k+q'k Fkh f[kyq rwa

gqvk] ^ vM+s vpks vpks M+s iafgatks ulhcq vkt+ek;ks---*

ghv g;krh pkj fM=gkM+k

lqjs'k okMsdj ghm xhr x=k;ks gq;ks %

vkm xqt+kfj;wa] [kq+'k Fkh I;kjk

^lksus tks ?kjq Bfgjk, mu esa rks[ks olk,

Nks u eLrq jgwa] Nks u eLrq jgwa---*

vlka fgd fc=;s [ks I;kj danklha---*

fgu fQ+Ye tks fuekZrk xksiky iatok.kh gqvks ,sa nsgyhv ts ^egjk.k

bu[kka flok; fgd nksxkuks gqvks tafgaes ?ku';ke oklok.khv [ks

ewoht+ dks&vkijsfVo

lkslk;Vh gsfB rS;kj fFk;y fgu fQ+Ye tks

fgnk;rdkj v'kksd t;fla?kk.kh gqvksA fQ+ye tks fc=;ks xkuks lqy{k.kk iafMr ,sa ?ku';ke oklok.khv

vuqjk/kk ikSMoky lkFkq fM=uks gksA xhr tks vkx+kt vuqjk/kk djs FkhA ^eqafgatks vkgha I;kj rwa] ewa ykb cgkj rwa thv tks ft;kjks vkgha] eqafgatks fnynkj rwa---*

nksxkus ts f'kdy esa x=k;ks gqvks %

¼10½ lrfu lkyfu th [k+keks'khv [kka iksb lky 2000 bZ- ts

^izhr vlkath vkgs iqjk.kh

vkxLV efgus esa uhrk fQ+YEl ¼eqacbZ½ ikjka ^fny fM=ts fny okjfu [ks* is'kq

tue&tue tks ukrks

dbZ obZA fgu tks eq[; fuekZrk Bkdqj Hksjok.kh gqvksA fgu tks fgnk;rdkj

ewa rkslka rks ewa lka

;'koar gqvks r laxhr fgd xS+j flU/kh laxhrdkj jke'kadj fM=uks gqvksA

izhre ! ispq vk iq[+rks ikrks---*

jke'kadj tk firk lkfgc fgdq ukE;kjk d+Ooky gqvk ¼'kadj&'kEHkq okjk½A

fgu fQ+Ye esa fgdq xhrq flU/kh c=ksyhv ckcr gqvksA

fgu fQ+Ye esa fc pkj xS+j flU/kh ;kfu ckWyhoqM ts e'kgwj xqyksdkjfu [kka

^flU/kh vck.kh c=ksyh] feBM+h vlkath c=ksyh

xhr x=kjk;k fo;k gqvkA fgu fQ+Ye esa dqy vB xkuk gqvkA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 77

flU/kh bUMyfB & 78

fgdq lksyks xhr dfork Ñ".kewfrZv ts vkokt+ esa gqvks- ekm iafgath

rqafgats fey.k ykb vk fny eqart+j---* fgdq xhr fjpk 'kekZ x=k;ks vkgs] tsdks vfuyk lqanj ,sa izhfr

/khv [ks vk'khokZn M=hans x=k, Fkh % ^vf[kfM+;wa u fFk;fu vkfy;wa rqafgatwa

>ka?kh;k.khv rs fQ+Yek;ks fo;ks vkgsA

rks[ks lqfg.kks lqBks fnynkj feys

^vks lqfg.kk b'd+ b'd+ lHkq dks pos

eqafgath u dM=fga rks[ks ;kn ios

b'd+ djs Fkks tks] vBbZ igj vyeLr th

rks[ks izhre tks ,M=ks I;kjq feys---*

flQZ ft, Fkks lks] tks eqgCcr eaf> ewvks

fgu fQ+Ye esa mfnr ukjk;.k ,sa lk/kuk ljxe c= nksxkuk x=krk

lks thvjks vkgs tgku esa---* :idqekj jkBksM+ ,sa fjpk 'kekZ lkfFk;qafu lka xM=th djs ^>wysyky*

gqvk % ^vks eqafgatk ;kj lqfg.kk fnynkj

tks HkfDr xhr is'k d;ks vkgsA tafgatk c=ksy vkfgfu %

eka r d;ka rkslka I;kj---*

^rqafgats nj rs nqyg vps tks lqokyh

fc=;s xhr tks vkx+kt fc mfnr ukjk;.k Fkks djs %

o¥s dhu okifl dM=fga ewj [k+kyh---*

^eka vkf'kd rqafgatks vkfg;ka] vks lqfg.kh ltuh eka

fgu fQ+Ye esa fjpk 'kekZ [ks Vªs xhr x=kb.k tks ekSd+ks fefy;ks gqvksA

rwa fny M=s] rwa fny M=s] rw fny M=s ewa[ks fnycj---*

¼13½ vizSy&2010 esa jaxhu ,sa MhthVy fQ+Ye ^gFkq u yxk, ¼MksUV

lk/kuk ljxe fgufu lhVqfu [ks nksgjk, FkhA ^vkf'kd* ts tx=g rs

Vp eh½* fjyht+ dbZ obZ gqbZA fgu fQ+Ye tks xhrdkj] fgnk;rdkj]

^ek'kwd* ,sa ^lqfg.kh* th txg rs lqfg.kk y¶+t+ ,sa ltuh ts cnjka lkb±

ys[kd Jh Vh- euok.kh ^vkuan* gqvksA fgu fQ+Ye esa fgdq nks xkuks

y¶+t+ jf[k;y vkfgfuA

fjf"kds'k dejsdj ,sa fLerk tSu ts vkokt+ esa gqvksA laxhrdkj fc xS+j

^eka ek'kwd rqafgath vkfg;ka vks lqfg.kk lkb± eka

flU/kh fl)kFkZ d';i gqvksA

rwa fny M=s---*

ifgjha fjf"kds'k x=k, Fkks %

¼11½ lky 2001 bZ- esa Jherh 'kkafr fot; flUgk] Jh ,l-ihesa?kk.khv

lykg

fQ+Ye

^ikM+sokjh*

rS;kj

dbZ

gqbZa

fgu

tks

^can vf[k;qfu esa rksk[ks tM=fga fM=Bks---* iksb fLerk x=k, Fkh %

fgnk;rdkj dSyk'k vkM=ok.kh gqvksA fgu esa fiz&jsdksMsZM xhr eryc r

^us.k feykb.k rks[kka ewa flf[k;ks

[k+kuxh xhr [ka;k fo;k gqvkA egsUnz diwj ,sa fot;srk iafMr >wysyky th

vlka dM=afga dq>q fc lksfp;ks u gks

'kku esa fgm xhr x=k;ks gqvks %

rOgka Bgh fo;k eqafgats gFkfu th js[kk---*

^rqafgatk vkfgfu :i fu;kjk

¼14½ vkDVkscj&2013 esa lqjr 'kgj ts Jh yhykjke vkgqtk ^b'd+q

vks >wy.k tksfr;qfu okjk

fgdq bErgku* muoku lka fQ+Ye rS;kj dbZ gqbZA fgnk;rdkj ,sa

gj gaf/k rqafga twa tksfr;wa c=jfu fFk;wa

laxhrdkj fc dey ruok.kh gqvksA fgu fQ+Ye ts xhrfu [ks vfer feJk]

?kksM+s iys okjk---*

nso usxh ,sa fnO;k os.kqxksiky tk vkokt+ fefy;k gqvkA

¼12½ 14gha lIVsEcj 2007 rs fjyht+ fFk;y fQ+Ye ^I;kjq djs fM=lq* esa fc pkj x+Sj fla/kh;qfu xhr x=k;k gqvkA laxhrdkj ?ku';ke oklok.khv] izHkq oQ+k ,sa oklnso fueZy ts fyf[k;y cSrfu [ks laxhr tk tkek

dqy Ng xhr gqvkA ^b'd+q user bZ'oj th vkgs] fnfy;qfu rs nqvk fnycj th---* fgu xhr tks jpukdkj yhykjke vkgwtk ik.k gks ,sa vfer feJk iafgats vkokt+ esa bgks xkuks fjdkMZ djk;ks gqvksA

ifgjk;k gqvkA ifgfj;ksa bZ xhr txthr flax ts vkokt+ esa vkgsA

fgdq nks&xkuks fnO;k ,sa nso usxh v x=k;ks gqvksA fnO;k xkus tks

^vks lkFkh ek;wl u Fkh rwa ft+Ung fny Fkh tx= esa thm rwa

vkx+kt+ djs Fkh] ^I;kj th ifgjha igjha jkfr*A fgu lhVª [ks nso usxh

x+e gh osUnk xqt+jh] nq[k lHkq osUnk foljh---*

nksgjk;s vfx=;ka xk;s Fkks] ^eqafgats lt=.k tks vkgs eaw[ks lkFkq*A

fgdq nksxkuks 'kku eq[kthZ ,sa fjpk 'kekZ iafgats ;xkuk vankt+ esa is'kq d;ks vkgs %

fVª;ksa xkuks vfer feJk x=k;ks vkgs % ^thv.kq cserycq fcu lkFkh tkfuc thvjs---*

^[kq+'khv esa Fkks xqt+js lqfg.kks lQ+j flU/kh bUMyfB & 79

pksFkksa xhr nso usxh ,sa fnO;k ts vkokt+ esa vkgsA c=ksy vkfgfu % flU/kh bUMyfB & 80

^,f'k rwa dfj ;kjk ,f'k rwa dfj] ¼nso½

Qjgkn Fkks djsA ifgfj;ksa varjks fc mu ts vkokt+ esa vkgsA fc=;ks varjks

I;kjq feys I;kj lka fny feys fnynkj lka* ¼fnO;k½

vfiZrk pØorhZv x=k;ks vkgsA tafgatk c=ksy vkfgfu %

iksb fgdq ;qxy xhr ^Nk dq+njr tks [ksy vkgs---* nso usxh ,sa fnO;k

^iksb fc eka fny [kka iwNka] dafgatks ukyks Fkks rwa [k.kha---*

ts vkokt+ esa vkgsA vkf[k+j esa fgd ykM=s esa bgs VªbZ vkokt+ vkfgfuA vfer

fgd fc=;s xhr esa Q+jgkn [ks vferkHk ukjk;.k lkFkq fM=uks vkgsA

feJk vlqy dks y[kukSv tks vkgsA nso usxh jqM+dhv tks ,sa fnO;k eqacbZv

^ekSt+ ewa[kka gqbZ ij Nk ts djs

th vkgsA

ft+Unxh gk.ks glha Fkh obZ Nkts djs

¼15½ ohVhoh ts csuj gsfB lky 2014 bZ- esa ^fgcq c= Vs fjVUlZ* fQ+Ye

nksLrh nksLrh gj Q+kflyks Fkh rksM+s

jhfyt+ dbZ obZ gqbZA fgu fQ+Ye tks laxhr fc=u ejkBh;qfu ckiq lkBs ,sa

nksLrh nksLrh gj fny dks tksM+s---*

lkxj lkBs rS;kj d;ks gqvksA c= xhr jkgqy lkBs x=k;k gqvkA usgk mnklh

fc=;ks fgdq xhr eerk 'kekZ x=k;ks vkgsA fgv mgk xqyksdkjk vkgs

,sa jkgqy lkBs ts x=k;y nksxkus tk c=ksy vkfgfu % ^I;kj esa dM=ha&dM=ha bgks fc Fkhanks vk---* fc=;ks xkuks jkgqy lkBs xk;ks vkgs % ^dksbZ le>k,] dksbZ r cq/kk,] rks fcu dhva eka ft;ka---*

tafga cksyhoqM th fQ+Ye ^ncax* esa ^eqUuh cnuke gqbZ---* xhr x=k;ks gqvksA ¼19½ 29gha ekpZ 2019 rs lqanjk.kh fQYEl fuekZ.k ikjka ^y[kh eqafgatks y[ku esa* fQ+Ye fjfyt+ dbZ obZ gqbZA bu tks laxhrdkj ,sa

¼16½ ohVhohv ts csuj gsfB rk- 26gha tuojh 2016 rs is'k fFk;y

xhrdkj fcykliqj tks jkt dslok.kh gqvksA laxhr esa lqjt egkuan tks fc

fQ+Ye ^lu vkWQ flU/kh* tks laxhr lkxj lkBs ,sa jkgqy lkBs rS;kj d;ks

ukyks vkgsA dq>q xhrfu [ks xS+j flaU/kh xqyksdkj vYdk panjkdj] lqfuy

gqvksA jkgqy lkBs fc iafgatks vkokt+ xhrfu [ks fM=uks gqvksA nhid

lksuh ,sa vuqjkx 'kekZ tks vkokt+ fi.k fefy;ks gqvksA

okVok.khv lka xfM=th jkgqy lkBs x=k;ks gqvks r %

¼20½ ^,glkl* ukys fgd jaxhu fQ+Ye eqacbZv ts ^flU/k T;ksr dyk

^tkx= flU/kh tkx=] bUdykc ft+Unkckn

eafnj VªLV* ikjka rS;kj dbZ obZ gqbZA laxhrdkj lkxj lkBs gqvksA fgd

v'kZ rs vkokt+ xqaft;ks Q+'kZ rs gypy eph

nksxkuks usgk mnklhv lkxj lkBs lka xfM=th x=k;ks gqvksA

vksrkd NfM= [kqys vke vpq la?k"kZ th vkgs ?kM+h---*

^,fgM+h gqtr u gyq eqafgatk lqfijha

fc=;s fgd lewg xku esa eq[; vkokt+ jkgqy lkBs tks vkgsA

eka u u Fkh dfj;ka] rwa gk gk Fkks djha---*

^ghm vkfyek.kks ojlks vk] eksgu ts nM+s tks ojlks vk---* fVª;ksa xhr flU/kh iatkchv ts R;kSgkj ^yky yksbZ* rs vkgsA fgu xhr esa nhid ek[khtk] usgk mnklh ,sa jkgqy lkBs tk vkokt+ vkfgfuA

ghv fla/kh fQ+Ye rS;kj vkgs] ij dksjksuk chekjhv lcc tsds yksdMkmu twa gkyrwa iSnk fFk;wa vkfgu muts eísut+j fjfyt+ dksu dbZ obZ vkgsA fgu tks fuekZrk thou ok/kok.kh vkgs ,sa fgnk;rdkj usgk

^[kksVs [kksVs [kksVs [kksVs feVh [kksfV;ks]

islok.kh ;kfu vk'kk jksgM+k vkgsA fgu fQYe [ks twykbZ 2019 esa lsUlj

tksVs tksVs tksVs tksVs ydfM+;wa tksfV;ks---*

cksMZ eka ikl djk;ks fo;ks vkgsA

¼17½ lu~ 2016 esa 23gha lIVsEcj rs is'k fFk;y fQ+Ye ^tkx lqfg.kk

¼21½ lekt esa llq&uqagj ts fop dfgM+k fj'rk gwank vkfgfu mu

fla/kh* tks laxhr xS+j flU/kh fl)kFkZ d';i rS;kj d;ks gqvksA fgu fQ+Ye

th [k+cj lHkuh [ks vkgsA fdFks fdFks gw ik.k esa ekm /khvjq okaxqj fld ,sa

tks fgnk;rdkj Vh- euok.kh ^vkuan* gqvks] tafga xhr fc fyf[k;k gqvkA

'kkafrv lka jgfu fFk;wa r fdFks ojh bva fc Fkhanks vkgs tks uwag fgd ?kj [ks

fgu fQ+Ye esa cksyhoqM ts xqyksdkjfu dq.kky xkatkokyk ,sa vydk ;kfKd

fc=fu esa fojgk;s NM=hanh vkgsA vtark fQ+YEl izksMD'ku ts lk;s gsfB llq

fc xhr x=k;k vkfgfuA

uwag ts fj'rs rs jks'kuh oh>anM+ fQ+Ye ^llq lsj uwag lok lsj* rS;kj dbZ

¼18½ ,l&4 ,UVjVsbuesUVl~ ts cSuj gsfB lrh'k pkaMok.kh ,sa

obZ ,sa jk;iqj esa bu tks fizfe;j 'kks rk- 13-1-2019 rs d;ks fo;ks gqvksA

lanfl t+ky liuk xfM=th ^rqafgats I;kj esa* muoku lka fQ+Ye rS;kj dbZ

jktdqekj iatok.kh mu tks fuekZrk gqvks r nhid mnklhv laxhr rS;kj

gqbZA tsdk nqcbZ vesa 11gha tuojh 2019 rs fjfyt+ Fkh gqbZA

d;ks gqvksA bu fQ+Ye esa iat xhr gqvk] mUgfu eka fc=fu xhrfu esa es?kk

fgu fQ+Ye ts xhrfu [ks pkj x+Sj fla/kh xqyksdkjfu iafgatk vkokt+ fM=uk vkfgfuA laxhrdkj Qjgkn fHkoaMhokyk ,sa fln gqvkA ^b'd+ esa vkfg;ka eka rqafgats] b'd+ esa vk rwa eqafgats* xhr tks vkx+kt+

flU/kh bUMyfB & 81

fiYyS tks vkokt+q gqvksA ^gyks gyÅa lHkq yky M=s] >wy.k >wysyky M=s eLrhv esa lHkq upank Vªiank >wy.k >wysyky Ms---*

flU/kh bUMyfB & 82

fgd ykM=s esa fc es|k tks vkokt+ gqvksA

jke iatok.khv ts ukosy rs vk/kkfj;y gqbZ ,sa M=srh ysrh ckcr gqbZA fgu

^gks ykM=ks dqaokj oBh vk;ks] nj rs nqfgy ot=k;ks---*

fQ+Ye esa fgdM+ks et+kdh xhr egsUnz diwj x=k;ks gqvks % ^gyq gyq M+s fgrka rw gfj

bu [kka lokb 'kksHkk ?kks"k ¼te'ksniqj½ ,sa lksuk tk/ko ¼bUnkSj½ fc flU/kh xhr x=k;k vkfgu ij o/khd t=k.k uFkh feysA

rwa iqV ihm ts fgu f[kVfiV esa osUns eq¶+r ejh---* ¼5½ fQYe ^lar daojjke* ¼1970½ es ojh fgd et+kdh ij ek.gwfu ts jgu&lgu rs O;ax danM+ xhr gqvks %

vydk ;kfKd % vlkatk dkjt dj.k izHkq ik.k vk;ks vk---

^eka eqjyh eLrkuks] nqfu;k Hkfy r pos nhokuks

¼fQYe % \½

feLVj ewa[kka Hkwr Hkt=fu Fkk] ftu Hkfjfu Fkk tkuks---* ¼6½ lky 1993 esa ^dsjq dafgatks* fjfyt+ Fkh gqbZA fguesa fgdq

dfork Ñ".kewfrZ %

et+kfd;k ,sa yksVjh xhr gqvks %

fgd jkfr jgh o¥q o¥q rwa lt=.k

^vM+s vpks vpks vM+s iafgatks ulhcq vkft+ek;ks

rks[ks Fkh lkfj;ka lt=.k rks[ks Fkh lkfj;ka---

nj rqafgats rs vk;qfl eka lqokyh] eksfV;ks u dksbZ rqafgats nj rka [kkyh---*

egsUnz diwj tk x=k;y fla/kh ux+ek %

¼7½ ^dsjq dafgatks* esa >wysyky th efgek fc x=kbZ obZ gqbZA

nsl HkfDr xhrfu ts xk;d ts :i esa e'kgwj fFk;y cksyhoqM tks

^>wysyky vkm rwa] uan xksiky vkm rwa

xqyksdkj egsUnz diwj lkfgc ¼tue % 9&1&1934 ve`rlj] nsgkar % 27gha lIVsEcj 2008] eqacbZ½ uoafu fla/kh fQ+Yewfu esa ;kjkgka xhr x=k;k gqvk mu[kka flok; fgd LVst izksxzke esa gqufu panj tks dyke ^jqBk bZ jgfu ij gqtsfu

g;krh---*

fc yydkfj;ks

gqvksA

bgks izksx=ke

fiz;nf'kZuh

iysokjk vkm rwa] nhu n;ky vkm rwa---* ¼8½ lky 2001 bZ- esa ikM+sokjh* fQ+Ye esa egsUnz diwj fot;srk iafMr lka x=Mqth fgdq HkfDr xhr x=k;ks gqvks % ^rqafgatk vkfgfu jqi U;kjk

,dsMsehv ikjka vk;ksftr d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgm xkuks ;w&V~;wc rs 21

vks >wy.k tksfr;qfu okjk---*

tuojh 2013 rs jf[k;ks fo;ks gqvksA okg okg M+s jaxh rqafgatk jax fc mUgu

¼9½ ^ork;ks Q+d+hj ¼2004½ esa fc

x=krks gqvks tsdks ;w&V~;wc rs 29 tuojh 2013 rs jf[k;ks fo;ks gqvksA

¼10½ mej ekjqbZ ¼1956½ esa egsUnz diwj tks fgm xhr gqvks %

;kjgfu xhru eka iat xhr r xkso/kuZ Hkkjrhv tk fyf[k;y vkfgu ,sa

^uaxM+k fuek.kh nk thosa rhosa ikfy.kk---*

laxhr tks tkeks lh- vtqZu ikjk;ks gqvfuA

ghv jpuk flU/khv ts fgd osnkarh dfo ^lpy* th vkgsA

¼1½ 1964 esa ^>wysyky* esa x=k;yq xhr % ^okg okg M+s jaxh rqafgatk jax

dq>q lhVqa egsUnz diwj x=k;wa gq;waA

¼11½ /kjenkl th fgd jpuk [ks fQ+Ye ^jk; fM;kp* ¼1959½ esa tksx=h tx=g fM=uh obZ gqbZ %

rks [k+fyfd;k ds er tk eqM+gk

fMlq vkf'kd+fu tk bUlkQ+ fM;fu fljq ?kksjs ?kksjs---*

,sa ds eLr eyaxA okg okg M+s---*

;kfu] ^vks lksjfB tk flaxkj fMtkab fljq ?kksjs ?kksjs

¼2½ bu bZ fQ+Ye tks fc=;ks xhr gqvks %

ljnkjfu tk ljnkj fM=tkab fljq ?kksjs ?kksjs---*

^M=s uwj] uwj M=s---* ¼3½ 1968 bZ- esa fQ+Ye ^gkstekyks* fjfyt+ Fkh gqbZA fla/k ts rst+kch 'kk;j 'ks[k+ v;kt+ th jpuk gqbZ %

eksgEen jQ+h ,sa flU/kh jpukÅa % cksyhoqM ts cstksM+ ,sa pksVhv ts xqywdkj eksgEen jQ+h lkfgc ts

^fgUnw eksfeu ukfg;ka M+s ;kj fgUnw eksfeu ukfg;ka

vkokt+ tks bLreky dks fc flU/kh fuekZrk ;k laxhrdkj flU/kh fQ+Ye esa

lkjh /kjrh eqafgath ljrh] vkma r vkneq vkfg;ka---*

u d;ks] bgk r fgd vthc xkfYg vkgsA uje lqHkko okjs fgu usd cans

¼4½ fuekZrk jes'k jkt ,sa fgnk;rdkj /kjedqekj rksyk.kh ¼nhid

jQ+h lkfgc ts lqj esa gqva r iksb vBfu xhrfu th yksax Iys fjdkMZ rS;kj

vk'kk½ th fQ+Ye 1968 esa ^'ky /kh;jq u t=efu* vkbZ gqbZA fgv fQ+Ye izks-

dbZ obZ] ij mgs lHkq x+Sj fQ+Yeh d+yke vkfgfuA fgu ts iwfB;ka fc fgd

flU/kh bUMyfB & 83

flU/kh bUMyfB & 84

rokjh[k+h x=kfYg fyfd;y vkgsA fgm fd+Llks izks- jke iatok.khv lanfl

flU/kh fQYeqfu tk x+Sj fla/kh laxhrdkj %

vkRedFkk ts fdrkc esa ntqZ d;ks vkgsA izks- iatok.khv bZ bgks fjdkMZ ,p-

¼1½ egs'k iuh;k % llqgZ iqUgwa ¼1960½

,e-oh- daiuhv ikjka rS;kj djk;ks gqvksA

¼2½ jke 'kadj % fny fM=ts fny okjfu [ks ¼2000½

jQ+h lkfgc laxhr tks fgdq dk;ZØe is'kq dj.k vesfjdk fo;k

¼3½ egsUnz xksjoys % thou pØ ¼2010½] thou lkFkh ¼2011½] tkx=

gqvkA mrs gqufu ?k.ksbZ fQ+Yeh xhr xk;k ,sa n'kZdfu twa Q+jekbZ'kq fc iwfj;wa

flU/kh tkx= ¼2015½

d;waA jQ+h lkfgc iNkM+hv tks o/khd Q+jekb'k ykb lMq fM=uks rafgars

¼4½ ;ksxjkt flag ¼fcgkjh½ % VªiM+ Vs'ku rs ¼lIVsEcj 2010½

fgd flU/khv jQ+hv [kka flU/kh xhr th Q+jekb'k dbZ ! bgks c=q/kh jQ+h

¼5½ fl)kFkZ d';i % gFkq u yx=k;s ¼4@2010½] tkx= lqfg.kk flU/kh

lkfgc r fcYdqy cst+qc+ka Fkh fo;k] gSjku Fkh fi;k] Nk dk.k r mUgfu ofV

¼2016½

flU/kh xkuks fgdq fc u gqvksA 'kkbLrxh ,sa okt+v rkSj rs jQ+h lkfgc euk

¼6½ ckiq lkBs % fgdq c= Vs fjVUlZ ¼2014½] flU/kh;k.kh ¼2017½

dbZ ,sa ok;nks d;kmfu r] ^gk.ks Hkfo"; esa tM=fga okil bUnqfl r fgdq u

¼7½ lkxj lkBs % fgd c= Vs fjVUlZ ¼2014½] lu vkWQ flU/kh

ij pkj flU/kh xkuk is'k danqflA*

¼2016½] ,glkl ¼2020½ ¼8½ jkgqy lkBs % lu vkWQ flU/kh ¼2016½

vesfjdk tks nkSjks [k+re djs jQ+h lkfgc eqacbZ eksfV;ks ,sa tYnckt+hv esa tkap djs izks- iatok.khv [ks vesfjdk esa fFk;y fdLlks

¼9½ deys'k oS| % glhu ft+Unxh ¼3@2016½] ojnku ¼4@2016½]

c=q/kk;kabfl ,sa flU/kh ux+ek@dyke fjdkMZ djkb.k th osurh d;kabflA

nqfu;k fny okjfu th ¼1@2019½] ukt+qd fj'rks ¼2019½

izks- iatok.khv jQ+h lkfgc lka cSBdwa d;wa ,sa fgdq&c= u ij vBfu

¼10½ ckcw /kks«ks % flU/kh lkb± ¼12@2018½

dykefu th fgd ykax Iys jsdkMZ rS;kj djkbZA

¼11½ Q+jgkn fHkoaMhokyk % rqafgats I;kj esa ¼tuojh 2019½ ¼12½ fln % rqafgats I;kj esa ¼tuojh 2019½

bUgfu vBfu xhrfu tk eq[kM+k] 'kk;j tk ukyk ,sa jkx= tk ukyk fgu jhr vkfgfu % ¼1½ dfgM+h d;ka egsekuh ;kj eqats ?kjq vk;ks---

flU/kh fQYeqfu tk x+Sj flU/kh fuekZrk@fgnk;rdkj %

¼dfo lpy] jkx= HkSjoh½

¼1½ fuekZrk % te'ksn okfM;k ,sa gkseh okfM;k ¼,drk] 1942½

¼2½ tsdks lHksbZ fl;kdk lVs lks ejnq vps eSnku esa---

¼2½ fgnk;rdkj % gkseh okfM;k ¼,drk] 1942½

¼dfo jks'ku vyh] jkx= dkQ+h½

¼3½ fuekZrk&funsZ'kd % jke jlhyk ¼llqbZ iqUgwa] 1960½

¼3½ ckny vk;k cgkj fe;ka] dj dk ol.k th ;kj fe;ka

¼4½ funsZ'kd % nhid v'kksd f«kikBh % rqafgats I;kj esa ¼tuojh]

¼dfo Hkkst=y] jkx= eYgkj½

2019½

¼4½ bgs vkf'kd+fu tk bUlkQ+ fM;uq fljq ?kksjs ?kksjs--¼dfo /kjenkl] jkx= lksjB½ ¼5½ rwa vkgha lkfgc lwjr tks--¼lpy] HkSjoh½ ¼6½ nfjnfu th ekjh ospkjh] iqUgy yb jM+anh ors--¼'kkg yrhQ+] dksfg;kjh½ ¼7½ D;k tkus ne dksbZ--¼cqys'kkg] HkSjoh½ ¼8½ dyaxhv okjk yky f?kM+h vpq ?kj esa f?kM+h vpq ?kj esa vf[k;wa eqafgatwa nj esa--¼izks- jke iatok.kh½

flU/kh bUMyfB & 85

flU/kh bUMyfB & 86

?k.k & t+ckuh flU/kh vnkdkjkÅa

lfUQ+fu esa ljxje vkfgfuA fgd vankt eqftc lok lkS [kfu fla/kh efgykÅa fl/ks ;k v.kfl/ks uewus fQ+Yewafu lka tqfM+;y vkfguA bUgfu esa r vfgfM+;wa vnkdkjkÅa vkfgu ftu fgd [kka o/khd tqnk&tqnk c=ksfy;qfu ts fQ+Yewafu esa de d;ks vkgsA bUgfu eka ojh 11 vnkdkjkÅfu fgUnh fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjh

Hkkjrh flusek txr [ks 115 lky Fkh pqdk vkfgfuA flusek foanqj tks fgdq vge t+fj;ks lkfcr fFk;ks vkgsA dedkj [kka Fkdy&idy bUlku v<kbZ&Vªs dykdfu ykb flusek fFk,Vj esa o¥h] ukp&xkuk fM=lh&c=q/kh ckfgfj fudjs Fkks r mu ts pgsjs rs rkt+xh ,sa [kq'khv twa ygjqa Nka;y gwanh;wa vkfgfuA flusek th rdfudhv esa r gk.ks ?k.ksbZ rfCnyh;wa vkfg;wa vkfgfuA flaxy LØhu ts cnjka gk.ks eYVh LØhu flusekmfu tks nkSj vk;ks vkgsA vt=q [kka 65&70 lky vx=q fla/kh efgyk ?kj [kka ?k.kks ckfgj dksu fudjafn;qa gq;waA o/khd rbyhe fc dksu fijkbZfn;qa gq;wa ,sa ?kj ts dedkj esa bZ jq?ky jgafn;wa gq;waA gk.ks gkyrwafu Qsjks [kk/kks vkgs ,sa fla/kh fu;kf.k;wa fc lanl lwag ,sa vnkdkjhv th dyk ts btgkj ykb u jqx=ks LVst ukVd] ij flusek ts jqigjs ijns rs fped.k twa dksf'k'kwa dfu fFk;wa ,sa ?k.kbZ fu;kf.k;wa dkfe;kc fFk;wa fc vkfgfuA iafgajh r flusek th ,jk;t+h fc egnwn gqbZ] ij gk.ks muesa Vsyhfot+u ,sa LekVZ Qksu ts vp.k lka flusek th ;k pvks r foanqj th oLQ+ p³h olhgq Fkh obZ vkgsA dks fgd tkfr ;k ek.gwfu tks flusek rs t+kCrks ukgsA dfgM+h fc tkfr ;k /keZ ;k t+cku x=kYgkbanM+ 'k[+l iafgats rkd+r ts t+ksj ,sa ltZurk ts ne rs flusek esa vph l?ks FkksA Cysd ,asM OgkbV fQ+Yewafu ts cnjka gk.ks r lrjaxh flusek tks nkSj vkgsA flusek ts 'kqjqvkrh nkSj esa efgykÅa fgu esa de dksu dafn;wa gq;wa Nk dk.k r mu t+ekus esa flusek esa vnkdkjhv ts de [ks ?kfV ut+j lka fM=Bks osanks gksA budjs ejn bZ L«kh;qfu tk osl&ox=k ik, efgykÅafu tk fdjnkj fuckghank gqvkA ij gk.ks r gkyrwa ,fgfM+;wa vkfgfu ,sa flusek th df'k'k fc ,rjh vkgs] tks cksyhoqM esa isj ikb.k ykb p³h tnkstgn Fkh dj.kh iosA flusek tks Qyd fc ?k.kks olh vkgsA bu lka 25 [kfu lUQ+w tqfM+;y vkfguA ftva r dgk.kh] LØhIV] xhr] laxhr] fgnk;rdkjh] dsesjk] ,fMVhax] dkLV¸;qe fMt+kbfuax] xk;u] ykbV oxS+jg---A fgd eqdey flusek@fQ+Ye Bkfg.k iqfB;ka bUgfu lHkfu tks gFkq gwanks vkgsA bgs lHkq mft+ok tM=afga ik.k esa lgh uewus esa x=af<;k osank vkfgfu] r fgd vkyk ntZ+s okjh fQ+Ye tks lqfg.kks ftLeq rS;kj fFk, FkksA gk.ks r p³s rknkn esa flaf/k;kf.k;wa fc fQ+Yeh nqfu;k esa tqnk tqnk flU/kh bUMyfB & 87

dbZ vkgsA ij o/khd lksp ,sa vQ+lksl okjh x=kfYg

r ojh bgk vkgs tks fgufu 20 gfu fgd ;k fc=u [kka lokb dafga fc fla/kh fQ+Ye esa de dksu d;ks vkgsA bu tk dq> lcc 'kk;n ghva vkfgfuA fgufu ukeoj vnkdkjkmfu th Q+h oM=h gqts tafga djs fla/kh fQ+Ye fuekZrk mUgfu M=kagqa jq[k+ u Fkk dfuA fla/kh fQ+Yewa ?kf.k;wa Bgfu fc dksu fFk;waA flU/kh izksM;wllZ u;wa flU/kh fu;kf.k;qfu [ks ekSd+ks fM=;u FkkA [k+Sj--vpks r fM=lwa r bgs dgfM+;wa flU/kh;kf.k;wa vkfgu ftu] [k+kl rkSj M=[k.k Hkkjr th fQ+Ye uxjhv esa lanfu fldks t=ek;ks vkgsA M=[k.k Hkkjr esa eq[; jqi lka pkj c=ksfy;awa x=kfygk;wa osafn;wa vkfguA rfeyukMqv esa rfey] vka/kzizns'k ,sa rsyaxk.kk esa rsyqxq] dukZVd esa duM+ ,sa dsjkyk esa ey;kyeA dq> vnkdkjkÅafu eksMsy rkSj fc de d;ks vkgs r ds ojh Vsyhfot+u ts ua<+s ijns rs fc dkfe;kcq fFk;y vkfgfuA

¼1½ 'khyk jkek.kh % 'khyk jkek.khv flQ+Z fgd bZ flU/kh fQ+Ye ^vck.kk* esa vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZ] ckd+h r gqu 24 fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu esa iafgath vnkdkjhv tk tksgj i[ksfM+;k gqvkA lanfl ekes ts po.k rs gqu 1956 esa fgd ikfdLrkuh fQ+Ye ^vuks[kh* v esa fc deq d;ks gqvksA 1958 esa rS;kj fFk;y ^vck.kk* esa gqv eq[; ukf;dk gqbZ ,sa mulka xM=q lk/kuk f'konklk.khv tks fc uaf<M+ks jksy gqvksA 'khyk tks tue rkjh[k 2@3@1932 rs fla/k esa fFk;ks gqvksA

¼2½ lk/kuk f'konklk.kh % lk/kuk tks tueq rkjh[k 2@9@1941 rs djkph flU/k esa fFk;ks gqvksA gqu fgd rfey] fgd mfM+;k fQYe ,sa rfey Vh-oh flfj;y ¼Start 3@11@2014½ dY;k.ke~ eq/ky dkNy ojkb ,sa fgd fla/kh fQ++Ye ^vck.kk* esa vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZA bu [kka flokb dkfe;kc fFk;y ?k.ksbZ fgUnh fQ+Yeqfu ¼esjk lk;k] oD+r] vkjt+w] esjs egscwc] ge nksuksa] ij[k---½ esa vnkdkjhv tk >aMk Qfgjk;k gqvkA 25oha fMlEcj 2015 rs eqacbZv eka fgu [kw+clqjr vnkdkjk Q+kuh nqfu;k eka pkyk.kks d;ksA

¼3½ vfurk gklkuank.kh % fgu lqfg.kh flfU/k;k.khv lky 2001 [kka oBh gsyrkb± 15 fgUnh] 5 rfey] 17 rsyqxq] pkj duM+ ,sa fgd iatkch feyk, djs dqy 42 fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA fQYeqfu esa f?kM+.k [kka vx=q gqv fgd dkfe;kc eksMsy rkSj ukyks dek, pqdh gqbZA 2001 esa fgUnh Vhoh fljh;y ^dHkh

flU/kh bUMyfB & 88

lkSru dHkh lgsyh* ,sa rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^uqoq usuq* v [kka vfurk ljxje

deq dj.k tks ekSd+ks fefy;ksA gqv Vhoh 'kks ^[k+rjks ds f[kykM+h* ¼2011½ esa

vnkdkjk c.kth obZA 2003 [kka fgUnh fQ+Ye ^dqN rks gS* esa fc isj ikrkb±

ifgfj;ksa uacj gklqy djs pqdh vkgsA

,sa mu ts fdjnkj ^urk'kk* ts :i esa ek.gwfu ts t+cku rs p<+h obZA 2014

vkjrh Nkcfj;k ts fgUnh fQ+Yewafu esa ^vkokjk&ikxy&fnokuk*]

esa ^jkfxuh ,l-,e-,l-* ,sa 2015 esa ^ghjks*] 2016 esa rsyqxq fQ+Ye eukyks

^rqels vPNk dkSu gS*] ^jktk HkS;k*] ^'kknh uacj ou*] ^lq[k*] ^vukfedk*]

vksdM+q] 2014 esa iatkch fQ+Ye ^;kjka nk dpi* fQYewa fjyht+ fFk;y

^nl rksyk* tks 'kqekj djs lf?kts FkksA

vFkflA Vhoh fljh;Yl esa vnkdkjh ,gM+h u lqBhv rjg d;kb± tks [ksfu

¼6½ gafldk eksVok.kh %

M=gkjks [kfu vokWMZl fc fefy;k vFkflA gqu tks vlwy dks ukyks urk'kk

rk- 9@8@1991 ts M=haga eqacbZ esa iSnk fFk;y gafldk eksVok.khv

vkgsA 14 vizSy 1981 r eqacbZv esa gqu tks tue fFk;ks gksA

eq[;r;k rkfey ,sa rsyqxq Hkk"kkmfu th fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA

duM+ esa ^ohjk dukfMxk* ¼2004½] rfey esa ^leqjkbZ* ,sa ^lqdjfu*]

gsyrkb± 21 rfey] 16 rsyqxq] 7 fgUnh] fgd duM+] fgd ey;kye

rsyqxqv esa ^Jhjke] VksVh xSax] fuUus b'Vinkuq] usuq isyhdh] jsMh* ox+Sjg

fQ+Yewafu [kka flokb lrfu fgUnh Vhoh flfj;yfu esa fi.k gqu iafgats gqLu

fQ+Yewafu

,sa vnkdkjhv tk tfyok M=s[kkfj;k vkfgfuA gqu lanfl vnkdkjhv th

eaas

vnkdkjh

dbZ

vFkb±A

fct+uslesu

jksfgr

jsÏhv

lka

vkWDVkscj&2013 'kknh fFk;l ,sa 'kknhv [kka iksb fc fQ+Yewa djs ibZ FkhA

'kqjqvkr 20 lky th mej [kka fgUnh flfj;y ^nsl esa fudyk gksxk pkan*

¼4½ vatuk lq[kk.kh %

lka dbZ gqbZA ^'kkdk ykdk cwe&cwe* flfj;y [kka fgd lqBks ukyks dek;ksA

rk- 10@12@1978 rs t;iqj esa t=koy vatuk lq[kk.khv Vhoh

bu[kka iksb ^ckojh fojk.khv* tks fdjnkj gqu ^D;wadh lkl Hkh dHkh cgw Fkh*

flfj;yfu [kka lokb 24 fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjhv tk jax i[ksfM+;k

flfj;y esa [kw+c fuHkk;ksA iatfu fgUnh rksM+s fgd rsyqxq fQ+pj fQYe esa

vkfgfuA 16 lkyfu th fQ+Yeh dkjdjnxhv esa fgu lqfg.khv 17 fgUnh]

cky dykdkj rkSj fc deq d;kb±A iksb 2007 esa rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^ns'kkeqnqjq*

fgd rfey] c= rsyqxq] fgd duM+] c= iatkch ,sa fgd ejkBh fQYe ^yky

[kka fgutks flrkjks fpfefd;ks tks vt=q rkb± lfjxje vkgsA M=gkjks [kfu

b'd* bva lHkq feyk, djs Ngu Hkk"kkmfu twa 24 fQ+Yewa d;wa vkfgfuA

vokMZ fc [kfV;k vFkb±A

¼7½ dkeuk tsBeyk.kh %

Vsyhfot+u rs is'k FkhanM+ ,MojVkbtesUV lka gqutks dsfj;j 'kqjq fFk;ks gksA ^xksyeky fjVUlZ*] ^t; ohjq* ,sa ^lykes&b'd+* fgUnh fQ+Yewafu esa fgu ts vnkdkjhv th p³h lkjkg Fkh gqbZA

fgu flU/kh;k.khv pkj rfey] 12 rsyqxq] 3 duM+] fgd ey;kye bva 2005 [kka oBh 2015 okjs M=gkds esa 20 fQYewa d;wa vkfgfuA iafgajha

Vhoh 'kks ^[k+rjksa ds f[kykM+h* v esa fc fgd f[kykM+hv rkSj is'k Fkh pqdh vkgsA

rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^izsehdqyq*v [ks [k+kl d+kfe;kch u fefy;fl] ij c=h fQ+Ye ^jue~* t+cjnLr dkfe;kc jghA rfey esa gqu ifgjha fQ+Ye ghjks t;e~ jfo

¼5½ vkjrh Nkcfj;k %

lka xM=q 2005

vkjrhv tks tueq eqacbZv esa rkjh[k 21@11@1982 rs fFk;ks gksA

fQ+Ye ^mxkM+h* ,sa rfey fQ+Ye ^epdkju* [ks rsyqxqv esa Mc djs fc is'k

gsyrkb± gqu 18 fgUnh] pkj rsyqxq] 3 duM+ ,sa fgd iatkch bva lHkq feyk,

d;wa fo;wa gq;waA fj'rs ts fygkt [kka gqv jke t=sBeyk.khv th iksVªh vkgsA

djs 26 fQYewafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA dkfe;kchv lka vkjrh v tks

csaXyksj ts fgd oM=h fct+usl 'kf[+l;r lqjt ukxiky lka gquth 11gha

fj'rks lanl egt 3 lkyfu th mej esa bZ tqM+h fo;ks gks Nks tks ^QkjsDl*

vxLV 2014 rs 'kknh Fkh pqdh vkgsA fgu tks ua<i.k tks ukyks ^fMadh*

th ,M okLrs crkSj eksMsy vkjrh pwaMh obZ gqbZA uoEcj 1999 esa ^fel

vkgsA

bfUM;k bUVjus'kuy 2000* tks rktq gkfly dj.k vkjrhv th fgd oM=h

esa dbZ] tafgatks ukyks gks ^bn;k rhjqnu*A fgu th duM+

¼8½ fdVq ;kfu dkS'kY;k fxnok.kh %

dkfe;kch gqbZA fQ+Yeh ghjksbu c.kt.k ts lius ts gdhdr esa cfnyt.k

fgu tks tue eqacbZv esa 22&10&1967 rs fFk;ks gksA fgv vnkdkjk

ts rjQ bgks ifgfj;ksa d+ne gksA fQ+Yewafu esa vp.k [kka vx=q crkSj eksMsy

,sa eksMsy fc vkgsA gsy rkb± gqv 28 fgUnh fQ+Yewa] c= Vhoh fQ+Yewa] 12 Vhoh

vkjrh def'kZ;Yl th nqfu;k th fgd e'kgwj gLrh gqbZA vVdy 300

fgUnh flfj;Yl] fgd rfey fQYe ^vkykoanu* ,sa fc=u ÝsUp fQ+Yewafu esa

,M esa gqu de d;ks vkgsA ekMfyax [kka flokb vkjrhv ^u'kk gh u'kk*

deq djs pqdh vkgsA ÝsUp fQ+Yeqfu ^Cysd* ¼1987½ ,sa ^gsfiyh ,oj vk¶+Vj*

¼lq[kfoanj

xM=q½

¼2001½ tk bafxfy'k ot+ZUl Hkh rS;kj d;k fo;k vkfguA ^MkUl vkWQ

tfgfM+;fu dq> E;wft+d fofM;ks esa fc deq d;ks vkgsA 2000 esa ^fel

bfUM;k* ¼1997½] nhik esgrk th ^vFkZ* ¼1998½] xksfoan fugkyk.khv th

bfUM;k* pwafMt.k [kka iksb vkjrh o/khd e'kgwj Fkh ,sa [ksfl fQ+Yewafu esa

^:Dekorh dh gosyh ¼1991½] dey gklu th ^vHk;* ,sa ^nsge* ¼2001½ esa

flag

lka

xM=q½]

^rsjk

psgjk*

¼vnuku

flU/kh bUMyfB & 89

lkehv

lka

flU/kh bUMyfB & 90

d;y vnkdkjhv th fQ+Yeh ud+knfu p³h lkjkg dbZ gqbZaA

¼9½ fudh ;kfu fudhrk xyjk.kh % fgu lqfg.khv lky 2014 esa M=[k.k Hkkjr th fQ+Yeh nqfu;k esa isj ikrks ,sa flQZ+ fVªu lkyfu ts uaf<M+s vjls esa bZ gqu 25 fQYewafu esa iafgats vnkdkjhv tk et+cwr >aMk xkM+s NfM=;k vkfgfuA ;kfjgka rfey] c=

fjyht+ fFk;y duM+ fQ+Ye ^nqcbZ ckcw*v gqu[ks d+kfe;kch fM=;kjhA 2012 esa lyksuh [ks rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^ckWMhxkMZ* okLrs cgrjhu vnkdkjk liksfV±x jksy tks ¼SIIMA½ ,okMZ fefy;ks ,aas gqv fQ+Ye Qs;j ykb fc uksfeusV FkhA

¼12½ laxhrk fctyk.kh %

rsyqxq] Vªs duM+ ,sa uaofu ey;kye Q+hpj fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjh djs gqu

1980 esa ^fel bfUM;k* tks f[krkc [kVhUnM+ laxhrk fctyk.khv

t=.k r fgd fjdkMZ cjik djs NfM=;ks vkgsA gqu th fQ+Yeh dkjdjnxhv

tks tue tqykbZ 9] 1960 rs eqacbZv esa fFk;ks gksA laxhrk flQZ fgd duM+

tks vkx+kt+ lky 2014 esa ey;kye fiDpj ^1983* lka fFk;ks ,sa fgu fQ+Ye

fQ+Ye ^iqfyl eFkq nknk* esa deq d;ks gks] tsdk 1991 esa fjfyt+ Fkh gqbZA

lcc gqu lkmFk tks ¼SIIMA½ cgrjhu fQ+esy MsC;qV fQ+Ye Q+s;j vokMZ fc

bu [kka lokb gqu 23 fgUnh fQ+Yewa fc d;wa vkfgfuA fgu ts fQ+Yeh dsfj;j

gklqy d;ksA bu[kka lokb ^osyh ewaxk* ¼2014½] ey;kye fQ+Ye ,sa rkfey

th 'kqjqvkr 1988 esa ^d+kfry* [kka Fkh gqbZA 1989 esa fjyht+ fFk;y ^f«knso*

fQ+Ye ^Mkfy±x* ¼2015½ ykb fc vokMZ gkfly djs pqdh vkgsA fgu th

esa p³ks ukyks dek;kb±A ckdh fc=;fu esa jokth vnkdkjh dbZ vFkb±A

Hks.k latuk fc vnkdkjk vkgs ,sa gqu 46 fQ+Yewafu esa deq d;ks vkgsA

gSnjkckn esa jgUnM+ e'kgwj fØdsVj eqgen vt+gjqÌhu lka gqu 'kknh dbZ

¼10½ jksek vljk.kh %

gqbZA 'kknh [kka iksb tks ukyks vk;'kk jf[k;ks fo;ks gqvflA fgd dkfe;kc

rkfeyukMq ts f«kph 'kgj esa t=koy jksek vljk.kh rfey ,sa duM+

eksMy] dkfe;kc fgjksbu u c.kth l?khA ghavj gwv fgd fefM;k daiuh

Hkk"kk esa fgd&fgd] rsyqxq esa c= ,sa ey;kye esa lfHkuh flU/kh vnkdkjkmfu [kka o/khd 19 fQ+Yewa feyk, dqy 23gfu fQ+pj fQ+Yewafu esa lanl

gykb±nh vkgsA

¼13½ latuk xyjk.kh %

vnkdkjhv tk xqy fVM+k;k vkfgfuA lky 2005 esa rsyqxq fQYe ^feLVj

vpZuk cuke latuk xyjk.kh vnkdkjk fudhrk xyjk.khv th

,jkZckcw* v lka jksek ts fQ+Yeh dsfj;j tks vkx+ktq fFk;ksA 2006 esa

oM=h Hks.k fFk;sA latuk gsyrkb± 46 fQYewafu esa vnkdkjhv tk tkSgj

ey;kye fQ+Ye ^uksVcqd* [kka p³h dkfe;kch fefy;fl ,sa M=[k.k Hkkjr

M=s[kkjs pqdh vkgs] ftu esa fgd rfey] 3 ey;kye] 14 rsyqxq ,sa lfHku [kka

tks fQ+Ye Q+s;j vokMZ [kka flokb fc=;k iat vokMZ fc ub± vnkdkjk rkSj

o/khd 28 duM+ fQ+Yewa 'kkfey vkfgfuA vpZuk tks tue csaxyqjq esa 10gha

gkflyq d;k gqvb±A csLV LVkj iSj vokMZ] vefjrk fQYe vokMZ] ;qFk

vkDVkscj 1989 rs fFk;ks gksA gqu 60 [kka o/khd Vhoh ,MoVkZbt+esUV d;wa

fgjksbu vokMZ] ,Vykl fQ+Ye fØVhDl vokMZ gkfly djs pqdh vkgsA

vkfgfuA 2005 esa rfey fQ+Ye ^vks: d/ky lhoj* [kka gqu fQ+Yeh nqfu;k

eqa< esa gqu eksMsy rkSj Hkh ?k.kks deq d;ks gksA ^pksdysV* ¼2007½] ^VªkfQ+d*

esa nkf[kyk ojrhA 2006 esa bZ fgd duM+ fQYe ^xSaMk gsaFkh* [kka p³h

¼2011½] ^pIik dqjh'kq* ¼2011½ ,sa ^xzkUM ekLVj* ¼2012½ fQ+Yeqfu esa d;y

e'kgwjh gkflyq d;kb±A fgu 2015 esa 104 dykdfu rkb± lkbfdy gyk,

gquth vnkdkjh p³h lkjkgh osbZ gqbZA

^fyEdk cqd vkWQ oYMZ jsdksMZl* esa iafgatks ukyks ntq+Z djk;ks gq;ksA 2011 esa ^fn csaxyksj VkbEl fQ+Ye vokMZ* gkfly djs pqdh vkgsA

¼11½ lyksuh vklok.kh %

¼14½ fla/kq rksyk.kh %

mYgkluxj esa iSnk fFk;y flU/kh fu;k.kh oanuk mQZ lyksuh

fgu tks tue eqacbZ esa 19gha tqykbZ 1983 rs fFk;ks gksA ^Qs;j ,UM

vklok.kh 'kqjqvkr esa r eksMsy gqbZ] ij gk.ks r gqv rsyqxq ,sa dUuM+

yoyh* Øhe th fgu eksMsy vnkdkjk] fc=;fu lHkfu flU/kh vnkdkjkmfu

fQ+Yewfu th efydk&,&vnkdkjh c.kth ibZ vkgsA fgUnh fQYe ^fny

[kka o/khd 23 rsyxq fQ+pj fQ+Yeqfu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vkgsA bu [kka lokb

ijnslh gks x;k* ¼2003½ lka fguth fQ+Yeh dkjdjnxh 'kqjq FkhA gsyrkb±

lr rfey] c= duM+ ,sa c= fgUnh fQYewa fc d;wa vFkb±A fgUnh fQ+Ye

fc=u Mt+ufu fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjhv th [kq+'cw QSyk, pqdh vkgs] ftuesa c=

^eksgCcrsa* ¼2000½ esa d;y fgd uaf<M+s jksy lka fgu tks fQ+Yeh thou 'kqjq

fgUnh] c= rfey] lr duM+ ,sa 13gka rsyqxq fQ+Yewfu tks 'kqekj fFk;s FkksA

fFk;ks gksA ij lgh ekbus esa 2003 esa fjyht+ fFk;y rsyqxq fQYe ^vbVs* lka

lyksuhv tks tue ifgjha twu 1977 rs fFk;ks gqvksA lanfl firk

gquts fQ+Yeh dkjdjnxhv th xkM=h iVjhv rs p<+h gqbZA mu[kka iksb

ukdksZfVDl [kkrs esa vflLVUV dfe'uj gksA lk;dksyksth esa xzsT;q,V

2005 esa c=h rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^vFkkuksDdMs* p³h dkfe;kc Fkh gqvflA 2004 esa

fFkv.k cbn gqu fl/kks eksMsfyax tks jLrks ojrksA 'kqjqvkr esa fQYeqafu esa

vk;y rfey fQ+Ye ^euenu* fc dkfe;kc jgh gqbZA lksuh Vhoh pSuy rka

[k+kl dkfe;kch u fefy;fl] ij iksb fc fgeFk u NfM=;kb± ,sa 2009 esa

fjyht+ d;y Vhoh fljht ^dqVqac* esa fc p³ks ukyks dek;kb±A ef.k jRue~

flU/kh bUMyfB & 91

flU/kh bUMyfB & 92

ts LVst 'kkS ^us«kq] bUnzq] ukyb* tks fi.k gqv fgd fgLlks c.kth gqbZA

vnkdkjk ts vokMZ lka fc uokft;ks fo;ks vkgsA 23oha ekpZ 2008 rs gqu

¼15½ reUuk HkkfV;k %

vnkdkj izohu nckl lka 'kknh dbZ vkgsA

reUuk HkkfV;k tks tue eqacbZv esa rkjh[k 21gha fMlEcj 1989 rs

¼18½ fu'kk ykyok.khv %

fFk;ks gksA gqv gsyrkb± pkj fgUnh] 16 rfey ,sa 17 rsyxq fQ+Yeqafu tks

fu'kk ykyok.khv ukys vnkdkjk fgUnhv esa Vªs] rfey esa fgd ,sa

flaxkj c.kth pqdh vkgsA vokMZ ,sa bukefu ykb gqu tks ukyks 32 Hksjk

rsyqxq esa fgd fQ+Ye esa ua<k jksy d;k vkfgfuA fgUnh fQYeqa gqvfl

uksfeusV d;ks fo;ks gks] tafgaek 22 vokMZ gqv vt=q rkb± gkfly djs pqdh

^dy;qx* ¼2005½] ^MsM bulkbM* ¼2012½ ,sa ^lcdh ctsxh cSaM ¼2015½]

vkgsA reUuk tks fQ+Yeh lQj lky 2005 esa 'kqjq fFk;ks ,sa gqu fgUnh fQYe

2012 esa fjyht fFkvy rfey fQYe ^iksykaxq* gqvflA

^pkan lka jks'ku psgjk* esa vnkdkjh dbZA iksb gqu tks jLrks M=[k.k Hkkjr

¼19½ fd;kjk vkM=ok.kh %

th fQ+Yeqfu M=kagqa eqM+h fo;ksA 2005 esa gqu rsyxq fQ+Ye ^Jh* esa yhM jksy

vkfy;k ;kfu fd;kjk tks tue 31gha tqykbZ 1992 rs fFk;ks vkgsA

d;ksA 2006 esa rfey fQ+Ye bUMLVªh esa obZ ,sa ,-,e- jRue~ th fQ+Ye

lu~ 2014 esa gqu fgUnh fQ+Ye ^QqXyh* lka ckyhoqM esa isjq ikrksA 10 fgUnh

^dsM+h* esa jks'ku FkhA ysVsLV t=k.k ts eqrkfcd gqu 48 fQ+Yewa d;wa vkfguA

fQ+Yeqfu ,sa c= rsyxq t+cku th fQ+Yeqafu esa gsyrkb± deq d;ks vkgs ,sa vt=q

2015 esa fgu th fgd CykWd cLVj ^ckgqcyh* fjyht Fkh gqbZA fgu fQYe

fc ljxje vkgsA bu[kka flokb 2018 esa ;ks&;ks guh flax ,sa 'kkghn diwj

[ks iksb fgUnhv esa Mc d;ks fo;ks gksA fgUnh fQYe ^fgEerokyk*

tsdh

lka xfM=th ^moZ'kh* E;qftd fofM;ks esa fc deq d;ks vFkb±A 2018 esa gqu twa

2013 es Bgh ,sa iqjk.kh ^fgEerokyk* th jhesd gqbZ mu esa fc fgu lqfg.khv

^Hkjr vkus usuq* ,sa 2019 esa ^fou; fo/ks; jkek* rsyqxq fQ+Yewa fjyht+ fFk;waA

vnkdkjh dbZ gqbZA

fgu lka xM=q fgUnhv esa gqu th 2019 esa 'kkfgn diqj lka xM=q ^dchj flag*

¼16½ ;qDrk eq[kh %

ukys th fQYe ?k.kh lQy jgh gqbZA

1999 esa ^fel oYMZ* tks f[krkc gkflyq danM+ ;qDrk eq[khv lHk [kka voy rfey fQYe ^iwosYye mu ole* esa esgeku vnkdkjk rkSj fgd u`R; is'k d;ks gksA mu[kka iksb lu~ 2002 esa fgu fgUnh fQYe ^I;klk* esa de d;ksA fgu fQYe tks ghjks fc fla/kh gks vkQ+rkc f'konklk.khA dekbZ

¼20½ v/kq flaf/k;k.kh lksuk{kh flUgk % lksuk{kh flUgk 20 fgUnh fQYewafu lka xM=ksxM=q fgd rsyqxq fQ+Ye ^fyaxk* esa fc vnkdkjh fuckgh vkgsA

¼21½ fdj.k tqustk %

ts [k+;ky [kka fgv fQ+Ye ukdkfe;kc ys[kh obZA mu[kka iksb fc gqu dq>

fdj.k tqustk e'kgwj fQYe fuekZrk jes'k flIihv th c=h t+ky

fQ+Yewa d;wa] ij lQ+yrk ?k.kh u fefy;flA 2007 esa fgd vlfe;k fQ+Ye

vkgsA ?k.ksbZ Vhoh flfj;yfu esa gqu deq d;ks vkgsA ^egkHkkjr* flfj;y

^dc dgck vkbZ yo ;w* esa gqu yhM jksy d;ks gksA 2006 esa fgd E;qft+d

esa ^xaxk* ,sa ^cqfu;kn* Vhoh flfj;y esa ohjkaokyhv tks fdjnkj ck[kw+ch

fofM;ks ^dBiqryh* fc d;ks vFkb±A

fuckfg;ks gqvkb±A 1988 esa gqu fgd duM+ fQ+Ye ^czák] fo".kq] egs'ojk* esa

¼17½ izhfr >kafx;k.kh %

js[kk tks jksy d;ks gqvksA

lHk [kka o/khd t+cku okfj;wa fQ+Yewa r izhfr >kafx;k.khv d;wa vkfgfuA fgd&c= u ij tqnk&tqnk uaofu Hkk"kkÅfu esa gqu vnkdkjh dbZ

bUgfu tqnk&tqnk Hkk"kkmfu esa Bfg;y fQ+pj fQ+Yeqfu tks tksM+

vkgsA fgUnhv esa 22] jktLFkkuh] rfey] mnwZ] ey;kye ,sa caxkyh Hkk"kk esa

dts r pbZ lf?kts Fkks r 21gfu fla/kh vnkdkjkmfu

fgd&fgd] rsyxq esa vB] duM+ esa c= ,sa iatkch Hkk"kk esa fc c= fQ+Yewa feyk,

rfey] 126 rsyxq] 54 duM+] 36 ey;kyh] 6 iatkch] fgd&fgd ejkBh]

djs fgu lqfg.kh flfU/k;k.khv tks fQ+Yeh Ldksj 39 rkb± igqaph fo;ks vkgsA

mfM+;k] vklkeh] caxkyh] mnwZ] c= flU/kh ,sa fgd ÝsUp t+ckufu th fQ+Yewafu

fgu th ifgjha fQ+Ye ey;kye c=ksyhv esa gqbZ ^eGkfoYyq*A fgUnh fQ+Ye

esa vnkdkjhv tk tkSgj M=s[kkfj;k vkfguA bu[kka flok; Vhohv ts uaf<M+s

^eksgCcrsa* esa fc lqBks fdjnkj d;ks gqvkb±A lHk [kka voy gqv jktJh

ijns rs is'k fFkvy flfj;Yl ,sa dksef'kZ;y ;kfu ,MoVkbZt+esUVfu tks r

izksMD'kul ts E;qft+d vYce ^;g gS izse* esa ut+j vkbZ gqbZA 2002 esa

dks fglkc bZ ukgsA

fgUnh fQ+Ye ^vkokjk&ikxy&fnokuk* lqBh dekbZ dbZA ^ltuk os ltuk* ¼2007½ ,sa ^fcdj ckbZ lsaVhesaVy* ¼2013½ ukys fc=u iatkch fQ+Yewafu esa vnkdkjh dbZ vFkbZ ,sa 2017 esa gqu fgd jktLFkkuh c=ksyhv esa ^rkoM+ks&n luykbV* esa ,fgM+ks lqBks de d;ks vkgs tks gqu [ks cgsrjhu flU/kh bUMyfB & 93

flU/kh bUMyfB & 94

235 fgUnh] 71

flU/kh Hkk"kk ts cpko ykb jkseu fyih

vkgsA flU/k esa okikjh ek.gw iafgatfu frtkjrh ofgaokj oVh tk pksiM+k fy[k.k ykb bu fyihv tks bLreky dank gqvkA flU/k ,sa vklikl th ,jk;t+hv esa ikyh ,sa czã.kh fyihv tks izpkj izlkj ¼Q+fgyko½ lezkV v'kksd ts oD+r esa fFk;ks gqvksA mu esa dks 'kdq ukgsA budjs bva pbZ lf?kts Fkks r flU/kh fyihv tks tue czã.kh fyihv eka fFk;ks vkgsA

rkjh[k+ 31gha vkxLV 1991 rs dksydkrk esa flU/kh Hkk"kk ckcr dksBk;y fgd lsehukj esa egqjrh rd+jhj dUns lekjaHk ts ukbc lnj Jh

bvas tsdj rokjh[k+ esa iqfBrs oflts r gVok.kdh v[kjfu tks

ijekuan pwM+hokyk c=q/kk;ks gks r ^flU/kh tkrh fiij ts o.k okaxqj vkgs]

'kq:vkrh fj'rks eksgu&tks&nM+ks th fyihv lka tksM+s lf?kts FkksA lathnk

tafgatwa ikM+wa mlj.k ykb dafga fc /kkjh t+ehu th eqgrkt ukfgfuA mgk r

dksf'k'kwa d;wa o¥fu r gVokf.kdh fyihv tks vk/kkj oBh eksgu ts nM+s th

fHkfr esa fc M=kj iSnk djs QqVh fudjanh vkgs ,sa iFkj esa fc ikM+qfu [ks

fyih@fy[kkoV [ks lqy>kb.k esa enn

Qfgykb.k yk; t=xg djs oBanh vkgsA flU/kh tkrh iafgath c=ksyh] vnc ,sa

esa ds [kkstuhd dksf'k'kwa djs pqdk vkfgfu] ij dkfe;kch v¥k dksu feyh

laLÑfrv [ks egQ+wt j[k.k ,sa lq¥k.ki dkbe dj.k ykb tsdk tnkstgn

vkgs ,sa eksgu&ts&nM+s th fy[kkoV v¥k fc Åang ts isV esa lek;y

djs jgh vkgs] mu ykb vlha bu[ks flQZ+ lyke@iz.kke bZ djs l?kwa FkkA*

vkgsA

feyh l?ks FkhA vycr] fgu M=l

bu bZ lsehukj esa Lokxrh rd+jhj M=hans vkfniqj ts fo}ku izksQ+slj gjh'k oklok.khv ^flU/kh* y¶+t+ twa c= ekukÅa M=hans p;ks gks r ^flU/kh tkrh

bZLoh lu 1030 esa Hkkjr ts ckjs esa xzaFk fy[kanM+ fo}ku vy

mgk tkrh vkgs tafgath c=ksyh flU/kh vkgs ,sa fc=;ks r vlqyksdh tsdk tkrh

cjquhv ts eqrkfcd flU/k ts mrjh fgLls esa v/kukxjh fyih ,sa czge.kkckn

flU/k izns'k th jgkdw vkgsA ij vQ+lksl bu x=kfYg tks vkgs r oD+r ts

esa lba/kw ¼lSa/kw&lSU/kw&lSU/ko½ fyih eqjot gqbZ] tsdk vokbyh ukxjh

ofgdM+s esa bgks ^vkgs* y¶+t+q yqM+gh fo;ks vkgs ,sa mu ts t=xg rs ^gqbZ*

fyihv ts :i esa gqbZA lu~ 1854 esa ^flU/k esa* fFk;y [kksVªkbZv nkSjku tsds

y¶+tq+ Fkh fo;ks vkgsA eryc r flU/kh fgUnw tkrh flU/k NM=s pqdh vkgs ,sa

eqg:a ,sa fc=;wa 'kS;wa gFk yfx=;wa gq;wa mUgfu rs nsoukxjhv tfgM+k v[kj

?kjfu rksM+s lekt eka flU/kh c=ksyh x+kbc Fkh jgh vkgsA

mfdfj;y ut+j vk;k vkfgfuA fgu [kka fc vx=q lu~ 712 esa vjcfu flU/k rs Q+rg gkflfy dbZ gqbZ ,sa iksb ryokj ts t+ksj rs bLyke lka xM=ksxM=q

vlka ik.k esa tsdks dq>q fc x=kYgk;wa Fkk mu[ks egQ+wt j[k.k ykb ,sa

vjch&Q+kjlh fyih fi.k okfgis esa vkbZ gqbZA

ik.k esa c=ksyhv ts fyf[kfr ofgaokj ykb fyih Bkgh obZ vkgsA thva bUlkuq diM+fu ikb.k lka lwaganks vkgs] rhva Hkk"kk fyihv lka fgdq eqdey :i

MkW- eksrhyky tksrok.khv fgUnhv esa fyf[k;y iafgats fgd fdrkc

vf[+r;kj djs FkhA Hkk"kk [ks i<+.k] fy[k.k] le>.k ,sa fojls [ks vfx=;ka

^flU/kh] Hkk"kk] fyih ,sa lkfgR;* esa t=k.kk;ks vkgs r flU/khv th vlyksdh

o/kkb.k tks fgdq vge t+fj;ks fyih vkgsA gj fgd Hkk"kk [ks iafgath /kkj

fyih nsoukxjh vkgsA lu~ 1843 esa vaxzst+fu flU/k rs dfct+ks d;ksA lu~

fyih gqts] ,fgM+ks t+:jh ukgs ,sa bva vkgs fc dksuA thva r ejkBh] fgUnh]

1853 esa vaxzst+fu flU/khv ykb vjch fyih eqdjfj dbZ gqbZA bulka

laLÑr] ikyh] dksad.kh] usikyh] Mksxjh] x<+okyh] eSfFkyh] Hkkstiqjh Hkk"kkÅa

xM=ksxM=q nsoukxjh tks fc ojrko d;ks osUnks gqvksA xqjqeq[kh&iatkch ,sa

,sa c=ksfy;wa nsoukxjhv esa fyf[k;wa osafn;wa vkfgfuA vaxzsth] ÝsUp ,sa fc=;s c

gfVokf.kdh fyih;wa fi.kq gyr esa gq;waA [k+kl rkSj flU/kh vkSjrwa xq#eq[khv

dq> ;wjksih Hkk"kkÅa jkseu fyihv esa fyf[k;wa osafn;wa vkfgfuA

esa fyf[k;y /kkfeZd fdrkc ^vkfn xzaFk*] ^tiqlkfgcq* ,sa ^lq[ke.kh* i<a+fn;wa gq;waA ^xq:xzaFk lkfgc* fc xq#eq[khv esa rS;k: d;yq vkgsA xq#eq[kh fyih

rokjh[kh ut+fj, lka fM=lts r flU/kh c=ksyhv th lHk [kka o/khd

iatkch ,sa flfU/k;qfu ts fop th os>M+kbZ M=kafga b'kkjks djs FkhA mu t+ekus

d+nhe ,sa ;xkuh fyih gqbZ ^gfVok.kdh*A bgk fyih fgUnw&flU/kh fyihv

esa ?k.ksbZ flfU/k;qfu fl[kq /kje vfiuk;ks gqvks ,sa fl[k c.kth fo;k gqvk]

ts ukys lka lq¥krh osUnh gqbZA gk.ks bu fyihv tks bLreky cUn Fkh pqdks

bva pbZ lf?kts FkksA

flU/kh bUMyfB & 95

flU/kh bUMyfB & 96

flU/k esa jgnaM+ fgUnq rksM+s eqlyeku [k+ ¼[k+jkc½] x+ ¼x+jhc½ ,sa Q+

deq fi.kq 'kq: djk;ks fo;ksA tafgats djs vjch fyihv th igqap o/kh obZ ,sa

¼Q+t+Z½ bUgfu gjQ+fu tk mpkj lkQ+q ,sa fpVªs uewus /kkj /kkj djs l?kank

bgk fyih flfU/k;qfu ts eFkka iw.kZ :i lka Nkbath obZA flfU/k;qfu fc fny

gqvk] ij ^g* tk c=] ^t+* tk pkj] ^v* tk c=] ^d* tk ^d* ,sa ^d+* bva c=

lka bu fyihv th vkft;ka dbZA vjch fyih flfU/kq;qfu th lq¥k.ki th

mpkj] ^l* gjQ+ tk Vªs mpkj dj.k esa dks Q+jdq u le>h l?kank gqvkA

vyker c.kth osbZA fojgk³s cSbn fyihv tks lqoky ojh iSnk fFk;ksA lu~

vt=q fc mgk bZ gkyr vkgsA ij rafga gwUns fc flU/kh c=ksyhv ykb tsdk ub±

1948 ts fMlEcj ts eghus esa eqacbZv esa fFk;y fgd vnch cSBd esa Jh

vkbohVk rS;kj dbZ obZ] muesa bUgfu rsjgfu uofu gjQ+fu [ks nkf[k+y

ykypan vej fM=uksey nsoukxjh fyih viukb.k ckcr fgdq Bfgjko is'kq

d;ks fo;ks] ftfu[ks mpkj djs u] ij fyihv t+jh, bZ lq¥k.ks lf?kts FkksA

d;ksA mu[ks gkt+fjufu ?k.kkbZv lka cgky fc d;ks gqvksA

thva r tq+YQ+] t+jks] t+:jr] t+kfye bUgfu pbfu y¶+t+fu esa ^t+* tks mpkj lkfx=;ks vkgs ij vjch v[kj ^t+* tks :i tqnk tqnk vkgsA

ghavj Hkkjr esa nsoukxjh ,sa vjch c=bZ fyfi;wa d+rc vkafn;wa o¥fu fFk;wa ,sa ljdkj ikjka fc fc=Ughu fyfi;qfu [ks e¥rk fM=uh obZ vkgsA

flU/khv esa pkj bEIyksft+o v[k+j fc vkfgu& x=] t=] M= ,sa c=A

flU/khv th ub± Vgh vjchv [kka ?k.kks okfd+Q+ ukgsA rfga djs nsoukxjhv

bUgfu [ks nsoukxjh v[kj ts gsBka ua<M+h yhd ik, M=s[kkfj;k osUnk

tks bLreky o/kanks Fkks o¥sA vt=q dkYg tk mfHkjnaM+ vnhc r nsoukxjhv

vkfguA ij vjch fyihv esa bUgfu ykb [k+kl v[kj Bkfg;k fo;k vkfgu

esa fy[kfu Fkk ,sa fdrkc fc 'kk;k djkbfu FkkA dq>q vnhc r ojh fc=Ughfu

,sa bvsa flU/khv th o.kZekyk esa dqyq feyk, djs c=koa>kg ¼52½ v[k+j

fyfi;qfu esa fdrkc 'kk;k dfu FkkA bu ts iqfB;ka fc=;s fc dq> lcc

vkfgfuA v[kjfu tks bgks rknkn nqfu;k ts fc=;fu eqYdfu th o.kZekyk eas

vkfgfuA Hkkjr esa flU/kh tkrh fgd ga/k rs Fkkb±dh ukgsA fgdq /kkj izkar ;k

jfg;y v[kjfu [kka lHk [kka o/khd vkfgfuA bUgfu v[kjfu ts y¶+t+fu

jkT; u gqv.k th lwjr esa flU/kh c=ksyhv [ks jktHkk"kk tks njt+ks fc

ts djs flU/kh c=ksyh o/khd 'kkgwdkj c.kth ibZ vkgs bva pbZ lf?kts FkksA

fefy;yq ukgsA budjs ofgaokj esa mu tks bLreky ?kfVtanks Fkks o¥s ,sa

vjch fyih eat+wj fFk;.k [kka iksb fc nsoukxjh fyihv tks orkZo r fFk, bZ

eFkka ojh ed+kuh Hkk"kkmfu tks vlj Vkjs uFkks lf?ktsA

fi;ksA vjch flU/kh o.kZekyk esa 52 ewy v[kj vkfgfu ,sa eFkka ojh buts iqfB;ka bgks nyhy Fkks fM=uks o¥s r flU/k rs vjcfu th Q+rg

g]t+]r]d tfgM+fu v[kjfu ts mpkjfu th M=qf[k;kbZA vjch vkbohVk

[kka iksb flU/k esa dq+jku th i<+kbZ ,sa vH;klq ykb enjlk [kksfy;k fo;k

c=kjfu [ks u,a flj fl[k.kh Fkh ios] r fc=;s ikls rbyheh bnkjfu esa fgUnh

gqvkA flU/kh c=ksyhv esa vjch ,sa Q+kjlh y¶+t+ nkf[ky Fkh pqdk gqvkA

Hkk"kk r i<+kbZ osUnh vkgs] bu djs nsoukxjh fyih r 'kkfxZn Ldwyfu esa

bUgfu y¶+t+fu tk mpkj ,sa [k+kl rkSj r bUgfu y¶+t+fu tk fgtk lgh

fl[kank ,sa i<a+nk fc vkfgfuA ,jsfcd v[kjfu ts gsBk ;k eFkka uqd+rk ;k

uewus esa fyf[k;k o¥fu] thva r d+qjkus 'kjhQ+ tks vH;kl 'kq) :i lka

cq=fM+;wa yx=kb.k th fc eqlhcr vkgsA cq=fM+;wa yx=kb.k esa ts x+yrh Fkh o¥s r

djs lf?kts] mu ed+ln lka vjchv tk bgs rsjgka gjQ+ flU/khv esa fi.kq

y¶+t+ th ekuk bZ fQjh o¥s FkhA t+sj&t+cj is'kq [kka flokb ojh bgk fc

nkf[k+y d;k fo;k gqvkA flU/khv ykb tM=fga vjch fyihv [ks eqd+jj

rd+yhQ+ okjh x=kfYg vkgs tks vjch fyfi nsoukxjhv ts mcrfM+ lkt=s

d;ks fo;ks] rM=fga fc dq> vaxzst+ veynkj r nsoukxjhv tk bZ fgek;rh

ikls [kka [kkc=s ikls fy[kch vkgsA bu ykb fc tQ+kd'kh Fkh dj.kh iosA

gqvk] ij dq> fl;klh ckcrqfu lccfu vaxzst+ ljdkj [ks ?k.kkbZv okjs

nsoukxjhv esa jqx=ks 36 v[kj vkfgfuA vjch fyihv th rd+yhQqafu ts

eqlyekufu th ?kqj vfx=;ka >qdh o¥.kks fi;ks gqvksA

djs c=kj vjch fyih fl[k.k [kka dhc=k;s FkksA

MkW- VªEi ,sa dsIVu tktZ LVsd tfgM+k fo}ku ,sa [kkstfud r

vaxzst+h Hkk"kk ts M=hagks M=hagq o/kanM+ varjkZ"Vªh; rwQ+ku tks vljq

nsoukxjhv [ks o/khd equkflc e¥ank gqvk] ij ljdkj vjch fyihv [ks bZ

flU/khv rs fc ibth pqdks vkgsA ijM=sgh eqYdfu th flU/kh laLFkkmfu ts

vgfe;r fM=uhA njlh fdrkc rS;kj djk;k fo;k ,sa rbyhe fM=;.k tks

^,yk;Ul vkWQ+ flU/kh ,lksfl,'ku vkWQ+ vesfjdkl bUd* ,sa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk

flU/kh bUMyfB & 97

flU/kh bUMyfB & 98

ifj"kn ikjka vgenkckn esa fMlEcj 2011 esa dksBk;y 18gsa varjjk"Vªh;

mgks d+neq vkgs ^bZ&cqDl*] tafgaesa fyihv tks dks >a>V bZ ukgsA iafgats

flU/kh lEesyfu@esM+ esa flU/kh Hkk"kk ykb jkseu fyihv [ks e¥rk fM=uh

jpuk th vkfM;ks ¼vkokt+h½ fDyIl ¼fjdkfM±x½ rS;kj djs bUVjusV rs

obZ vkgsA bu xfM=t=k.khv esa iw.ks eka izksQs+lj duS;kyky ys[kok.kh]

¼;w&V;wc½ rs dks fc ek.gw j[kh l?ks Fkks ,sa iksb mgk fyad [kksys jpuk tks

nsgyhv eka MkW- eqjyh/kj tsVyh] eqacbv eka MkW- cynso efVyk.kh]

yqRQ+q oBh l?ks FkksA fgu esa c=q/k.k okjs [ks fyih i<+.k th t+:jr bZ ukgs]

vesfjdk eka MkW- nsosUnz dksM=ok.kh] izse ykyok.kh] MkW- n;ky Vh- egf"kZ]

vf[k;wa u ij flQ+Zq dufu lka deq oBh l?ks FkksA ?k.ksbZ ys[kdfu bgks jLrks

duZy jke xqyjktk.kh] flaxkiqj eka MkW- M=klok.kh ,sa vknhiqj eka MkW-

vfiuk;ks vkgs ,sa dkfe;kch fc feyh vFkfuA

lrh'k jksfgM+k lka xM=q y[eh f[kyk.kh gkft+j jfg;k gqvk ,sa mUgfu xM=th

jkseu fyihv esa dq>q y¶++t+ ,sa tqeyk fgu jhr vkfgfu %

djs jkseu fyihv [ks viukb.k th fjFkk rS;kj dbZ gqbZA bUVjusV rs bu

¼1½ x= %

ykb tqnk osclkbV fi.kq 'kq: dbZ obZ vkgsA ftrs flU/khv tk lgh mpkj

G^ ¼2½ .k % N~

fl[k.k ykb ohfM;ks fDyIl fc rS;kj djs jf[k;k fo;k vkfgfuA vknhiqj

¼3½ jet+qfu lk.kq xq+yke %

th bfUM;u bULVhV;wV vkWQ+ flU/kkykthv bu izkstsdV th ft+Eesokjh

¼4½ gFkq fM=lh M=s %

iafgats flj rs [kb± gqbZA flU/kh y¶+t+fu [ks jkseu esa fyI;karj dj.k tks ,sa

RamzunSaan~Ghullam Hath~uDêiseeDê ¼5½ M=fl ewa[ks % DâsuMoo'nkhe

mu[ks viyksM dj.k tks deq rdjhcfu iwjks Fkh pqdks vkgsA jkseu fyihv

^, ~,'½

tk 26 ,sa fc=;wa Vªs fu'kkfu;wa ¼

bva dqy 29 fu'kkfu;wa d+rcq vkanh;wa

fo;wa vkfgfuA fgu [ks dEI;wVj fyih djs fc lfM=;ks Fkks o¥s] Nk dk.k r bgs lHkq v[kj ,sa fu'kkfu;wa dEI;wVj ts dh&cksMZ rs gwfUn;wa bZ vkfguA budjs fy[k.k ;k Vkbi dj.k esa dk [k+kl M=qf[k;kbZ fc dku fFk;s ,sa ojh fy[k.k esa fc j¶+rkj vps FkhA ex+jhch lH;rk ts vlj gsfB vk;y flfU/k;qfu th ub± Vgh dsrjs d+nqj bgk fyih viukb±nh] mgks r b±nM+ oD+r bZ c=q/kkb±nksA flU/khv tks vlqy dks vnc r vjch fyihv esa fyf[k;yq vkgsA tsdj mu[ks egQ+wt u jf[k;ks fo;ks r ub± Vgh flfU/k;r fo¥k, NM=hUnh ,gM+ks Mªiq fc dq> vnhc eglwl dfu FkkA vt=q LekVZ Qksu bLreky danM+ 'k[+l r fgd fc=;s [ks jkseu fyihv esa bZ lanslk eksdyhank vkfgfuA eryc r jkseu fyfi u #xks flU/kh] ij xqtjkrh] fgUnh ox+Sjg fc=;u c=ksfy;qfu tks fc olhyks c.kth pqdh vkgsA

fgd vnhck eatw ehjpank.khv :gkuh jax okfj;wa flU/kh dforkmfu ,sa xhrfu [ks jkseu fyihv esa fyI;karj d;ks vkgs ,sa bUgfu th ekuk lka xM+q= ^:gkuh pwaM flU/kh dyke* ukys c= fdrkc fc 'kk;k d;k vkfgfuA bUVjusV rs bu okLrs vyx= osc lkbZV

www.romanizedsindhi.com

fi.kq

tkjh dbZ obZ gqbZA ftrs flU/kh Hkk"kk tk 'kq) mpkj fl[k.k ykb ohfMvks fDyIl fc jf[k;k fo;k vkfguA fgv osclkbV gk.ks can dbZ obZ vkgsA gk.k fgu[kka fc fgdq d+neq vfx=rs ghv nqfu;k o/kh osbZ vkgsA ,sa

flU/kh bUMyfB & 99

flU/kh bUMyfB & 100

flfU/k;qfu rs Viky fVdfy;wa

¼1½ vej 'kghn gsew dkyk.kh % fgUnqLrku ts vkt+knhv th rokjh[k+ esa gsew dkyk.khv tks ukyks lksufu v[kjfu lka fyf[k;yq vkgsA flU/k esa l[kj jsYos LVs'ku ts Hkfjlka jsyos ykbu th fQ'k IysV d<.k th dksf'k'k danM+ gsewv [ks iqfyl idM+s ojrks gqvks ,sa murs bu t+qeZ ykb

nsl [ks Q+[k+qj vrk danM+] eqYd tks x=kVq mpks danM+ dks 'kf[+l;r] laLFkk ;k dks [k+kl okfd+;s [ks lka<s djs rokjh[k+h ntksZ fM=;.k ykb Hkkjr ljdkj ts iksLV ,sa VsfyxzkQ [kkrs ikjka Viky th fVdyhv ts :i esa 'kk;k d;ks osUnks vkgsA vlkats fgu lqfg.ks eqYd Hkkjr ts ok/kkjs ,sa rjd+hv

esa

?k.ksbZ

eqbrcjfu]

Lora«krk

lSukfu;qfu]

nslHkx+=rfu]

m|ksxifr;qfu] lar&egkRekmfu] dykdkjfu rksM+s lk;Ulnkufu iafgatks ;ksxnku fM=uks vkgsA fgufu [k+kl ek.gwfu ;k laLFkkmfu th ;knxhjhv [ks ;k 'ksokmfu [ks Viky fVdyhv ts 'kDy esa egQ+wt+ jf[k;ks osUnks vkgsA flU/kh tkfrv th x=kfYg dts r vkt+knh ;kfu 1947 [kka oBh vt=q rkb±v ts 73&74 lkyfu ts vjls esa Ng flU/kh 'kf[+l;rwa fgd laLFkk ,sa fgd lqfg.kh ?kVuk ckcr] bva dqy feyk, vB Viky fVfdfy;wa ¼Postal

Stamps½

tkjh d;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA fgu fVdyhv tks ewYg 20 iSlfu [kka

oBh iatfu #i;fu rkb± vkgsA lHk [kka voy #gkuh jgcj ,sa lekt lq/kkjd lk/kq Vh- ,y- oklok.khv rs ohgfu iSlfu okjh fVdyh rkjh[k 24&11&1969 rs 'kk;k dbZ obZ gqbZA mu[kka iksb vej 'kghn gsew dkyk.kh] Jh t;jkenkl] vkpk;Z ts- ch- Ñikyk.kh] Hkx=r daojjke] lkb± >wysyky] flU/kw n'kZu ,sa 'knk.kh njc=kj rs Viky fVfdfy;wa 'kk;k d;wa fo;wa vkfgfuA vycÙkk Viky fVfdfy;qfu tks ghm rknkn p³ks ?kfV vkgsA nqfu;k ts ?k.ksbZ eqfydfu esa jganM+ flfU/k;qfu esa ,fgM+k ?k.ksbZ jru vkfgfu] ftfu u

ns'knzksg tks dsl x=.ks gsewv [ks 21gha tuojh 1943 rs M=haga rs Qklhv rs ¼lwjhv rs½ yfVdk;ks fo;ks gqvksA gsewv tks tue l[kj esa 23gha ekpZ 1923 rs fFk;ks gqvksA islwey ,s t=sMhc=kbZv tks fgm c=kjq ua<i.k [kka bZ cgknqj gks ,sa nslHkfDrv ts jax lka jaf³;yq gksA lrfu lky th mej es r gw >aMks [k.kh iafgatfu nksLrfu [ks nsl 'ksok twa fgnk;rwa fM=;.k fl[kh fo;ks gqvksA nksLrfu lka xfn=th djs fonslh 'kS;wafu tks cfg"dkj dj.kq ,sa Lons'kh 'kS;qfu [ks viukb.k ykb ek.gwfu [ks osurh danks gqvksA gqu ts eu esa vaxzstfu ts f[kykQ+ cx+kor tk ohpkj ?kj djs osBk gqvkA lu~ 1942 esa gqu xka/khthv ts ^fgUn NfM=;ks* ,sa ^djks ;k ejks* th gypy esa fif.k fgLlks ojrks gqvksA ua<h t=ekj esa bZ ekmHkksab ¼ekr`Hkwfe½ th vkt+knhv ykb 'kghn FkhanM+ gsew dkyk.khv th ;knxhjhv esa Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka ia>kg iSlfu okjh Viky fVdyh rS;kj djkbZ obZ ,sa rk- 28oha vksDVkscj 1983 ts M=hagqa mu oD+r ts Hkkjr ts iz/kkuea«kh bfUnjk xka/khv ts gFkka fgu fVdyhv th :uqekbZ djkbZ obZ gqbZA fgu fVdyhv tks uacj 1092 gksA bfUnjk xka/khv] gsew dkyk.khv th ekm tks fc mu oD+r [k+kl lUeku d;ks gqvksA bu[kka flokb rkjh[k 21gha vkxLV 2003 tks M=hagqa fc fgu flyflys esa ;knxkjq vkgs] tks fgu M=haga rs oD+rh iz/kkuea«kh Jh vVy fcgkjh oktisbZv yksdlHkk ts lnu esa 'kghn gsew dkyk.khv ts vkned+n iqrys th :uqekbZ dbZ gqbZA

jqx=ks Hkkjr ij tafga eqYd esa gw jgfu Fkk] mrka th rjd+hv esa fc p³ks

¼2½ lekftd x+yrQ+gehv tks f'kdkj lar daojjke %

;ksxnkuq fM=uks vkgsA mUgfu yksd dY;k.k tk ?k.ksbZ de d;k vkfgfuA u jqx=ks lkekftd ij rbyhe] rchch ,sa /kkfeZd [ksrjfu esa fc M=k<h lqBh 'ksok dbZ vFkfu ,sa iafgath rkd+r ewftc laLFkkÅa cjik d;wa vFkfu ,sa mUgfu [ks gykb.k yk; ekyh enn fc dbZ vFkfuA ljdkj [ks bUgfu ek.gwfu ;k 'ksok/kkfj;qfu ykb lksp.k ?kqfjts ,sa mUgfu rs c Viky fVdyh tkjh dj.k ?kqjtsA vpks r gk.ks okjs oVhv lka bUgfu Viky fVfdfy;qfu ckcr dq>q t=k.k gkflyq d;waA

dksVZ esa dsl d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgu [ks

flU/kh Hkx=r th gk.ks Hkfy dk vgfe;r u gqts] ij butks fc dks nkSjq

gks

,sa

flU/k

fljeksj

Hkx=r

lar

daojjke

Hkx=fr

fM=l.k&c=q/k.k&ek.k.k ykb ek.gwa lt=h&lt=h jkfr tkxank gqvkA vyk, fdFkka fdFkka ek.gwa vph feM+ank gqvkA daojjke fgdq Hkx=r

gks] ,sa Hkx=r

t+fj, bZ lwQ+h d+yke x=kb±Unks gqvks ,sa ek.gwfu ts fnfy;qfu esa 'kkafr] vfgalk ,sa HkkbZpkjs lka xn=th jg.k tk fc=t iks[khanks jganks gksA izksxzke nkSjku tsdks dq> nku ;k M=f[k.kk feyanh gqvfl] lk gw mrs tks mrs feLdhufu [ks] ?kqjtkmfu [ks ;k rbyhe ts ok/kkjs ykb Ldwyfu [ks M=bZ

flU/kh bUMyfB & 101

flU/kh bUMyfB & 102

NM=hanks gksA ik.k fgd ikbZ fc u [k.kanks gksA gw [kq+n ckfQ+;y Nksyk@dqgj

dkaxzsl esa ljxje Fkh fo;kA lu~ 1927 esa Jh Ñikyk.khv [ks vkJe th

fod.kh iafgatks xqt+kjks danks gksA

ftesokjh fM=uh obZA vgenkckn esa cjik d;y ed+kuh ;qfuoflZVh

isjfu esa Nsj c=/kh] fMª?kks t=keks ,sa eFks rs ix= ik,] tsM=h egy x=kbZUnks

xqtjkr fo|kihB ts fizUlhiky th tokcnkjh mUgfu ts dqygfu rs vkbZA

gqvks ,sa Hkx=r fo>Unks gqvks r fM=l.kokjk vkQ+jhu djs osUnk gqvkA daoj ts

lu~ 1934 [kka 1946 rkb± gw Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl tk egkea«kh ¼tujy

xys esa t=.kq ljLorh nsohv tks oklks gqvksA feBM+s vkokt+ lka lqj

lsØsVjh½ fc cf.kth jfg;k gqvkA 1946 [kka 1951 nkSjku gw tksM+td

yx=kbUnks gqvks] ^ukys /k.khv ts cs=sM+ks rkfj eqafgatks---*] r losa ek.gwfu twa

dkesVhv tk lnL; fc gqvk ,sa bu fop 1948 esa dkaxzsl tk izeq[k fi.k

vf[k;qfu eka x=ksM+gk x=M+h bZUnk gqvkA gqva r Hkx=r daoj tk ?k.ksbZ] xhr

c.kk;k fo;k gqvkA lu~ 1951 esa gqufu dkaxzsl ,sa iksbZ 1954 esa iztk

gqvk] ij ,p-,e-oh ¼HMV½ ukys fgd fjdkfM±x daiuh Hkx=r tk flQZ+ 20

lektoknh ikVhZ fc NM=s fM=uh ,sa iksbZ iafgats lqqn vkt+kn ¼bUMhisUMUV½

xhr bZ fjdkMZ djs l?kh gqbZA ehjka] dchj] 'kkg yrhQ+ tfgfM+fu ?k.ksbZ

mehnokj rksj pwafM;qfu esa f?kfM+;k ,sa lu~ 1952] 1957] 1963 ,sa 1967 bva

ed+cwy jpukdkjfu tk xhr] nksgk] Hkt=u] d+yke daoj iafgats feBM+s lqj

pkj Hksjk yksdlHkk esa pwaMth vk;k gqvkA gqufu fgd caxyk ukjh lqpsrk ektwenkj lka 'kknh dbZ gqbZA lqpsrk

lka lhaxkfj;k gqvkA daojjke tks tue l[kj ft+ys ts x=ksB tjokj esa rkjh[k 13gha

th mÙkjizns'k tfgM+s oM=s izns'k th ifgajh efgyk eq[;ea«kh c.kh gqbZA Jh

vizsy 1885 rs fFk;ks gksA fgd izksxzke eka Q+kfjx+ Fkh daojjke jqd LVs'ku rs

Ñikyk.kh th rkjh[k 19&3&1982 rs pkyk.kks djs fo;k gqvkA mUgfu th

xkM=h ts fgd xkM=s esa vph njhv ofV osBks el gks tks dks lekftd

101 ¼lkS fgd½oha tue t;afr ts ekSd+s rs rkjh[k 11&11&1989 rs 60

x+yrQ+gehv lcc c= ek.gw LVs'ku rs vph igqark ,sa xkM=hv ts fgd ncs= esa

iSlfu okjh Viky fVdyh tkjh dbZ obZ gqbZA

njhv Hkjlka osBy lar daojjke [ks canwd+ lka xksyh;wa gyk, ekjs NfM=;kÅafuA ifgjha uoEcj 1939 rs bgks [kw+uh fdLlks fFk;ks ,sa bva Hkx=r daoj jke fgu Q+kuh nqfu;k [ks vyfonk djs fo;ksA 'kghn Fkh fo;ksA

¼4½ xka/khthv tks ;xkuks iksbyx=q Jh t;jkenkl nkSyrjke % Jh t;jkenkl nkSyrjke vkfyepank.khv tks tue rkjh[k

Hkx=r daojjke th 125gha tue t;arhv ts ekSd+s 13 vizsy lu~

31&7&1891 rs flU/k ts djkph 'kgj esa fFk;ks gqvksA d+k;ns&d+kuwu ¼ykW½

2010 rs iatfu #i;fu ts eqYgokjh fgd Viky fVdyhv tks foekspu

th fMxzh gkflyq dj.k cbn gqva r gqufu odkyr 'kq: r dbZ] ij dssl

mu oD+r ts Hkkjr ts jk"Vªifr ¼lnj½ Jherh izfrHkk ikfVy ts gFkka

[kV.k ykb ?k.ksbZ Hksjk dwM+ tks vkljks ofB.kks ioanks gks] bu lka [ksfu

djk;ks fo;ks gqvksA

varjkRek ¼t+ehj½ M=q[kanh gqbZ ,sa iksb gqufu odkyr tks is'kks bZ NM=s fM=uksA

Hkx=r tks fgm xkuks ukjh;qfu [ks lykg fM=;s Fkks r %

M=[k.k vkÝhdk eka xka/kh tM=fga Hkkjr eksVh vk;k r mu ts os>ks o¥.k th

^ifrv ts izse esa gjfxt+ xqt+kj.k ukj [ks ?kqj ts---*

dksf'k'k d;kb± ,sa iksb Jh t;jkenkl fc xka/khv th jkg rs gyh fudrkA lky 1919 esa ve`rlj esa fFkvy dkaxzsl th fgd cSBd esa t;jkenkl

¼3½ pqLr xka/khoknh vkpk;Z ts- ch- Ñikyk.kh %

xka/khv tk ohpkj ,fgM+s lqfg.ks ,sa lVhd uewus is'k d;k tks lHksbZ mu[kka

vkt+knhv tks ijokuks ns'kHkDr] xka/khv tks idks iksb yx=ks]

eqÙkkflj Fkh fo;kA xka/khth t;jkenkl [ks [k+kfyl lksu tks ek.gw djs

nwjans'kh vk;kstd] flU/kq liwr vkpk;Z thorjke Hkx=okunkl Ñikyk.khv

lfM=;ks gqvksA ljksftuh uk;Mwv t;jkenkl [ks ^j.k tks fM=;ks* djs

tks tueq flU/k ts oM=s 'kgj gSnjkckn esa rk- 11&11&1888 rs fFk;ks gqvksA

ysf[k;ks gqvksA ljnkj iVsy ,sa MkW- jktsUnz izlkn lka fi.k t;jkenkl tk

fgu lkfgc Hkkjr ts vkt+knhv th eqghe esa p³hv rjg ljxje Fkh djs

xgjk ,sa lqBk fj'rk gqvkA

fgLlks ojrks gqvksA tsy esa fi.k fo;k gqvkA fgLVªh ,sa bdkuksfeDl fo"k;fu

lu~ 1920&22

/kkjs tks vlgdkj

vkanksyu]

1930&31

/kkjs

esa gqu ,e-,- rkb± i<+kbZ gkflyq dbZ gqbZA lu~ 1912 [kka oBh lu~ 1927

gfy;y ued ¼yw.k½ lR;kxzg] 1942&45 nkSjku ^Hkkjr NM=s o¥ks* bva

rkb± gw izksQ+slj c.kth jfg;k gqvkA

xka/khv ikjka gyk;y gjfgd rgjhd+ esa Jh t;jkenkl ljxjehv lka

bZ-l- 1917 esa fFk;y paikj.k lR;kxzg ts njE;ku gw xka/khv ts lqfgcr esa vk;ks ,sa mUgfu ts thou esa cnyko vk;ksA gw Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; flU/kh bUMyfB & 103

cfgjks ofjrks gqvksA vkt+knhv cSn t;jkenkl [ks fcgkj izkar tks xoZuj c.kk;ks fo;ks flU/kh bUMyfB & 104

gqvksA lky [kfu [kka iksb edZt+h ljdkj esa Jh t;jkenkl [ks fefuLVj

mUgfu th ;knxhjhv esa mUgfu th 90 gha tue t;afr ts M=haga rkjh[k 25&11&1969 rs 20 iSlfu ts eqYg okjh Viky fVdyh tkjh dbZ

vkWQ Q+qM th dqlhZ feyhA lu~ 1950 [kka 1956 nkSjku gw vklke izkar tk xoZuj jfg;k gqvkA bu[kka flokb 1928 [kka 1940 rkb± gw dkaxzsl dk;Zdkjh dkesVhv tk

obZ gqbZA lkb±tfu tks lans'kks gks r] ^izHkqv [ks u folkfj;ks] ilq if[k;qfu rs n;k d;ks ,sa x+jhcfu [ks enn d;ks---*A

lnL; gqvk ,sa 1929 rksM+s 1934 esa dkaxzsl tk egkea«kh fi.k cf.k;k gqvkA Jh t;jkenkl fgdq vkyk nts+Z tk i«kdkj ,sa ys[kd fi.k gqvkA

¼6½ flU/kh tkfrv tks b"V nsork >wysyky lkb± %

^fn fgUnw*] ^fn fgUnqLrku* ,sa xka/khv ts ^;ax bfUM;k* v[k+ckjqfu tk

>wysyky flU/kh tkfrv tks b"Vnso ef¥;ks o¥s Fkks ,sa flU/kh ek.gw

,MhVj fi.k gqvkA gqufu ^vf[ky Hkkjr fla/kh c=ksyh ,sa lkfgR; lHkk* cjik

fgu th iwt=k vpZuk dank vkfgfu ,sa cfgjk.kk fi.k d<ank vkfgfuA p;ks

dj.k ,sa muts lk;s gsfB fla/kh Hkk"kk [ks tksM+td esa e¥rk fM=;kj.k ykb

o¥s Fkks r o:.k nsork ts fgu vorkj flfU/k;qfu [ks fej[k 'kkg ukys fgd

fc dksf'k'kwa ojfr;wa gq;waA

tq+Yeh ,ssa eqlyeku ckn'kkg [kka cpk;ks gqvksA ghm ckn'kkg t+ksj tq+Ye lka

ifgjha ekpZ 1979 ts jkst+ Jh t;jkenkl nsgyh esa xqt+kjs fo;kA

fgUnw flfU/k;qfu [ks eqlyeku Bkghanks gqvksA >wysyky tks vlqydks ukyks

fgufu ts 94 gsa tue t;afr ts ekSds+ rs 21gha tqykbZ 1985 rs 50 iSlfu ts

mn;pan gks ,sa lu~ 950 esa psVªhpaMª ts M=haga rs fgu tks tue flU/k

eqYgokjh Viky fVdyh tkjh dbZ obZ gqbZA

gSnjkckn ft+ys ts gkyk rkyqds ts x=ksB uljiqj esa fFk;ks gqvksA mn;pan

[ks

ykylkb±]

mM=sjksyky]

tksfruokjks]

iysokjks]

¼5½ :gkuh jgcjq lk/kq Vh- ,y- oklok.kh %

nfj;k'kkg ukyfu lka fc lfM=;ks osUnks vkgsA fgu lka dq>q peRdkj fc

lk/kw Fkkaojnkl yhykjke oklok.khv [ks ek.gw fld e>ka nknk

tqfM+;y vkfgfuA >wy.k ckcr ghm njvly fgdq /kkfeZd ut+fj;ks vkgsA

oklok.kh djs lM=hank gqvkA gw rbyhenku] fQykslkQ+j] czãKkuh] jqgkuh

fojgk³s cbn izksQslj jke iatok.khv flfU/k;qfu [ks fgd /kkx=s esa

ekxZn'kZd] x+jhcfu tk c=syh] Hkx=oku esa vVwV J)k j[kanM+] lekt

iks, j[k.k ykb >wysyky tks lgkjks ojrksA gqufu ^tsdks poanks >wysyky]

lq/kkjd ,sa 'kk;j fc gqvkA gqufu tks tue fla/k ts gSnjkckn esa 25 oha

rafgatk Fkhank c=sM+kikj* ,sa ^vk;ksyky] lHksbZ pvks >wysyky* tfgM+k c= ukjk

uoEcj 1879 rs fFk;ks gqvksA ,e- ,- th i<+kbZ iwjh dj.k cbn gw dksydkrk

flU/kh tkfrv [ks fM=uk ,sa bva flU/kh tkfrv esa vkrefo'okl] vk'kk]

th esVªksiksfyVu dkyst ¼uvksa ukyks fo|klkxj½ esa izksQ+slj cf.k;k gqvkA

mRlkg ,sa ,drk th tksfr tkx=k, flU/kh;qfu [ks 'kj.kkFkhZv eka iq:"kkFkhZ ,sa

iksb ykgksj ts n;kyflax dkyst ,sa dwp fcgkj ts foDVksfj;k dkyst ,sa

iksb ijekFkhZ c.kkb.k tks jLrks M=s[kkfj;ksA >wysyky flU/kh tkfr ,sa flU/kh

ifV;kyk ts efgUnzk dkyst esa fizUlhiky rkSj 'ksokÅa fM=fu;waA 1919 esa

laLÑfr eryc r ^flfU/k;r* th vyker vkgsA

gqufu dkyst th ukSdjh NM=s fM=uh ,sa xka/khv tk 'ksod cf.kth fo;kA vkSjrqfu ykb rbZyhe th fgek;r danM+ nknk oklok.khv lky

>wysyky rs 15gha ekpZ 2012 rs fnYyhv esa iats :i;s ts eqYgokjh Viky fVdyh Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka tkjh dbZ obZ gqbZA

1933 esa gSnjkckn fla/k esa ehjk gkbLdwy cjik dbZA gk.ks ehjk laLFkk tks

xqtjkr esa dPN ft+ys ts ukjk;.k ljksoj x=ksB ikls fgdq olhg

eq[; dsUnz Hkkjr ts iw.ks 'kgj esa vkgsA fgu bnkjs ikjka iw.ks esa efgyk

>wysyky rhjFk/kke ts rkehj tks de tkjh vkgsA tafgath ykx=r 100

dkyst ,sa Hkkjr ts fc=;fu 'kgjfu esa fc rbyheh laLFkkÅa rksM+s l[kkorh

djksM+fu :i;fu [kka fc o/khd FkhUnhA buesa dks 'kdq ukgs r bgks

gkfLiVy 'kq: d;k fo;k vkfgfuA

rhjFk/kke flU/kh tkfrv th lq¥k.ki tks vge /kkfeZd gafn c.ktanksA

nknk oklok.kh u jqx=ks lekt 'ksod ij ys[kd] dfo ,sa lqBk rdjhj danM+ fc gqvkA flU/khv esa gqufu 300 [kfu fdrkc fyf[k;k

¼7½ ysg yík[k flU/kq n'kZu %

vkfgfuA vaxzst+hv esa fc dq>q fdrkc fyf[k;k gqvfuA ^uwjh xazFk* jqgkuh

Hkkjr o"kZ ts tEew dk'ehj izkar esa yík[k ft+ys esa ysg ukys fgd

dforkmfu tks etewvks vkgsA nknk tks tue M=hagqa ehVysl Ms ¼ekl u

x=ksB oVka flU/kq unh xqt+janh vkgsA bgk t=k.k flU/kh jkt=usrk ,sa Hkkjr ts

[kkb.k fM=agqa½ djs efygk;ks osUnks vkgsA 16 gha tuojh 1966 rs nknk

vx=w.ks uk;c ot+hjs vkt+e Jh ykyÑ".k vkM=ok.khv fM=uh gqbZA tuojh

oklok.khv iw.ks [kka fgu Q+kuh nqfu;k [ks vyfonk d;ks gqvkA

1996 esa mUgfu ysg th eqykdkr ojrh gqbZ ,sa mrs [k+cj fi;fu r fgrka

flU/kh bUMyfB & 105

flU/kh bUMyfB & 106

flU/kq unhv tks fgdq ofgdM+ks ¼p'eks½ xqt+janks vkgsA cl iksb r

esa g;kr firkQhv esa r eq[; njc=kj vt=q fc d+k;e vkgs] ij Hkkjr esa

vkDVkscj 1997 [kka ysg [kka vB fdyksehVj ijs pksxye ukys fgd ga/k rs

NÙkhlx<+ jkt= ts jk;iqj 'kgj esa lu~ 1969 esa fc 'knk.kh njc=kj th

flU/kq n'kZu mRlo eykb.k th 'kq:vkr dbZ osbZ vkgsA

LFkkiuk dbZ obZ vkgsA Nk dk.k tks gk.ks flU/k ikfdLrku tks fgLlks

fgfr lu~ 2000 esa lrha twu rs fgd oM=s 'kkgh mRlo tks vk;kstu

c.kth fo;ks vkgs ,sa gk.ks mrs o¥.k lmyh x=kfYg ukgsA

d;ks fo;ks gqvksA fgu tyls tks mn?kkVu mu oD+r ts ot+hjs vkt+e Jh

'knk.kh njc=kj ts vBsa xknhifr Jh xksfcanjke lkfgc 1969 esa

vVy fcgkjh oktisbZv d;ks gqvksA mrs ^flU/kw dYpjy lsUVj* ts fuekZ.k

Hkkjr th eqykdkr ojrh gqbZA ek.gwfu ts vFkkg izse] fld] ekuiku ,sa

th cqfu;kn fo>.k th jLe fi.k dbZ gqvkb±A

leiZ.k Hkkouk [ks fM=lh mUgfu jk;iqj esa Fkkb±dks fFkv.k tks bjknks d;ks ,sa

gk.ks mrs gj lky 23 twu [kka oBh 26 gha twu rkb± pkj M=haga ^flU/kq

iksb fgfr bZ jgh fi;k ,sa njc=kj th LFkkiuk d;kÅaA lanfu iqVªq ;qf/kf"Bj

mRlo* eygk;ks osanks vkgsA mrs 27000 Ldsoj QhV t+ehu ts IykV rs ysg

gk.ks fgu njc=kj tks xknhu'kha vkgsA bUgfu tks tueq 13gha fMlEcj 1962

esa fVªekM+h ^flU/kw Hkou* fc [kM+ks d;ks fo;ks vkgsA fgu tks yksdkiZ.k

rs fla/k ts 'knk.kh njc=kj esa fFk;ks gqvksA lu~ 2003 esa xksfcanjke ts

rkjh[k 23&6&2016 rs Jh ykyÑ".k vkM=ok.khv d;ks gqvksA ^flU/kw

pkyk.ks [kka iksb Jh ;qf/kf"Bj lkfgc dkjksckj laHkkfyfu FkkA

n'kZu* muoku lka fVªfu :i;fu ts eqYgokjh Viky fVdyh rkjh[k 28&7&1999 rs Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka tkjh dbZ obZ vkgsA

Hkkjr ljdkj ikjka rkjh[k 25oha vkDVkscj 2010 rs 'knk.kh lkfgc th 302gha tue t;afrv ts ekSd+s rs iatfu :i;fu okjh Viky fVdyh tkjh dbZ obZ vkgsA

¼8½ jk;iqj tks 'knk.kh njckj % 'knk.kh iaFk ts vkfn laLFkkid lkb± 'knkjke tks tueq rkjh[k 25&10&1708 rs ikfdLrku ts ykgksj 'kgj esa yksgk.kk [k«kh ifjokj esa fFk;ks gqvksA mUgfu [ks Hkx=oku Jh jke ts iqVª yo tks oa'kt ,sa f'kothv tks vorkj ef¥;ks osUnks vkgsA mUgfu iafgath ft+Unxh ek.gwfu ,sa izHkqv th 'ksok esa bZ [k+pZ djs NM=h gqbZA 20gfu lkyu th t=ekj [kka bZ gw ek.gwfu ts :gkuh dY;k.k ts jLrs gyh fufdrk gqvkA gfj}kj] tUeks«kh] xaxks«kh] dk'kh bva ?k.ksbZ ifo«k tx=gfu twa ;k«kkÅa d;kb± ,sa Jh jke th efgek x=kbZUns ek.gwfu th 'ksok fc d;kb±A lu~ 1768 esa gw Hkx=oku th HkfDr dans ,sa lp th [kkstuk dans ekFksyks igqrk gqvkA rM=fga ekFksyks flU/k th jkt=/kkuh gqbZA dq>q lkyfu cbn mUgfu ekFksyks [kka uoa fdyksehVj ijs g;kr firkQh ukys fgd tx=g rs lar 'knk.kh uxj ,sa 'knk.kh njc=kj th LFkkiuk dbZA fgu ekFksyks uxj esa _f"keqfu;qfu osnfu th jpuk dbZ gqbZ bva ef¥;ks o¥s FkksA 'knk.kh njc=kj cjik djs mrs [kwg [kksVªk;ks fo;ks ,sa /kksuh lkfgc ukys ifo«k vfXu ¼ckfg½ th fc mrs LFkkiuk dbZ obZA bva p;ks o¥s Fkks r [kwg ts ik.khv tks vkpefu ,sa tksfr ¼ckfg½ tk n'kZu dj.k lka euq"; [ks lfHkuh rdyhQ+qfu eka eqfDr feyh o¥s FkhA lu~ 1793 esa lkb± 'knkjke ges'k ykb izHkq ts 'kj.k Fkh fo;kA gsyrkb± 'knk.kh njc=kj tk vB xknhlj Fkh pqdk vkfgfuA lar Jh ;qf/kf"Bj yky lkfgc lu~ 2003 [kka uoka xknhifr cf.k;k vkfgfuA fla/k flU/kh bUMyfB & 107

flU/kh bUMyfB & 108