Guyana Times Sunday Magazine

Sunday August 23, 2015

Times

Star Times Bollywood:

Saif Ali Khan reacts on 'Phantom' ban in Pakistan See story on page 14

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Artists of the Independence Era Page 16

Inspired by nature First-ever trail marathon set for November Page 3

2 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Feature

Memories of a by-gone era M

emories of British Guiana, specifically from 1959 to 1961, are forever cherished in timeless photos by Philip Llyn-Jones, a contactor from England who came to work here in Guyana. The photos tell of a time when Georgetown was a “Garden City” and people enjoyed the simplicity of life.

Llyn-Jones’s daughter Pauline Grimshaw generously shares his photos with Guyana Times Sunday Magazine.

In an interview with Sunday Magazine, Grimshaw recalled that her father worked for a small British construction company near London; he was a quantity surveyor.

The company he worked for in London was contracted by Sprostons Ltd of Georgetown (she presumes) to help with the aluminium smelter construction, which may have been completed in March 1961.

“We would have arrived approximately two years before that, in 1959.

On completion of the work we went back to England where my father spent the rest of his working life.

My mum, dad, my younger brother and I came to British Guiana. My father enjoyed the experience of living and working in another country. He had been overseas during World War 2 and he worked in the merchant navy imme-

diately after the war for about two years. He loved the bush and borrowing a Land Rover sometimes at weekends to explore. He also liked the river and the RH Carr,” Grimshaw recollected.

Grimshaw and her family lived at Watooka. She had her first trip on the RH Carr (a British-built steamboat) when she was eight years old. Her father had taken several photos of the steamboat as it worked on the river.

“I was eight years old when we arrived and ten years old when we returned to England. I went to a Canadian school in Watooka, now part of Linden. We travelled on the RH Carr from Georgetown down to Linden (which we called Mackenzie) as there was no road then,” Grimshaw reminisced.

While in British Guiana, Grimshaw enjoyed travelling on the RH Carr. Although she cannot remember much about the steamboat, she relies on her father’s photos to help jog her memory.

Reminiscing on life in British Guiana, Grimshaw said she remembers the “tropical flowers, swimming, kiskadee birds, the sun, blue sky, fabulous clouds, the bauxite trains behind our house and the Cannonball trees”.

Grimshaw returned to Guyana with her husband, John, and took many photos of the now derelict RH Carr on the Demerara River in Linden, which have sparked interest overseas to “save and preserve” the vessel.

Philip Llyn-Jones died in 2005 at the age of 85.

Grimshaw remembers her father to be a “keen photographer” who even developed and printed his own photographs (though not while he was in British Guiana).

East Bank buses, vendors and passengers

Regent and Camp Streets looking north

Water Street

Stabroek Market

RH Carr midstream

Wong’s Garage, near the corner of Camp Street and Murray Street, the latter now renamed Quamina Street

guyanatimesgy.com

AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine

3

Times Feature

First-ever trail marathon set for November

Runners will get to enjoy nature in all its glory, like cooling down at this small stream running across the trail

Testing out the trail in Santa Mission

D

ubbed “the most unique running race of your life”, the Guyana Trail Marathon & 10K event offers not only excitement, but a chance to give back to society.

One of the organisers, Sevak Tsaturyan told Guyana Times Sunday Magazine that while he and another organiser, Kelly, were running in Santa Mission, they were inspired by the nature scenes and the people to host a joint marathon to help the indigenous community.

“The inspiration behind the trail marathon, which will happen on November 14, 2015, came from running behind the hunting trails of the Santa Aratack community and the desire to help the Amerindian village. All proceeds of the race will be donated to the Santa Mission Elementary School,” he pointed out.

Sevak said that this is the first ever trail marathon in Guyana. He recalled there was a marathon years ago that ran from the

the numbers in orcal food, receiv- and hammock hanging areas for those who der to assure that ing genuine fin- want to spend the night in a true adventureach participant isher medals, er’s style; bathrooms and showers will be receives proper ateco-friendly and available for campers at a minimal cost. tention. All three high quality tVolunteers are also invited to join in the races, the full marshirts for each event to pass water/snacks at aid stations to athon, half mar- The trail offers exciting obstacles, making participant are surveying the trail. athon and 10K, the marathon a highly anticipated event some of the fea“Come run the race of your lifetime! Or start and finish at tures of the mar- just come watch the amazing athletes and the Santa Mission athon. Also we be inspired. Everyone is invited to attend village centre,” he outlined. will have Clif Energy gels and other ener- and watch whether or not they are particiRegistration includes transportation to gy snacks throughout the aid stations with- pating,” Sevak urged. and from Georgetown (or the airport), a light in the trail run. Our objective is to have an Registration closes September 14, 2015. meal after the race, official T-shirt, finisher awesome time while helping medal, and water/snacks at the aid stations. to raise money for the Santa The marathon will have a 7-hour time Mission Elementary School,” limit, while the half marathon a 5-hour time Sevak noted. limit, and the 10K a 4-hour limit.

A finisher medal will be There are no mandatory pre-requisites. given to each participant However, the event’s organisers recommend who completes the race. The that each participant be properly trained finisher medals, made from and be willing to withstand high humidity, Guyana’s purpleheart, are lots of trail ruggedness and mental tough- handmade by the indigenous community.

The winners will receive some prizes, and the organisers are currently looking to offer genuine gold, silver, bronze medals for the full marathon winners only. All proceeds of the race will be donated to the Santa Mission Additionally, there Elementary School will be an award ceremony around 3pm at the marathon finish day There are two ways to register, go to www. where everyone, including spectators and guyanamarathon.com and pay online to regtourists, are welcome to attend. The village ister via credit card or walk into Fitness is planning to perform traditional dances Express on Sheriff Street and pay by cash and provide food for purchase by spectators. with a form or call Fitness Express on 225Participants will receive a packaged lunch.

8044. Email guyanamarathon@gmail.com Currently, the organisers are working for more information. with the community to provide tent pitching

Santa Mission, the starting and finishing points of the marathon

Timehri airport to Georgetown; however, this is the first trail race.

“It is very unique, especially given that we are utilising hunting trails rather than traditionally used roads. The current participation is around 100 individuals. We can take some more, but not too much more than what we currently have. Given that this is our first time ever hosting it, we want to make it a quality event so we want to control

ness.

According to Sevak, the full marathon portion is not an easy race: it includes going through jungle-like narrow trails and encountering possible wildlife such as wild turkeys, birds, and much more.

“A picturesque boat ride to the Mission, running through the jungles of Guyana, seeing beautiful blue Morpha butterflies and possibly other birds, having awesome lo-

4

Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Feature

History of hydrometeorology service in Guyana T

he collection of rainfall data was the only hydrometeorological information that began in the late 19th century. This was done under the auspices of Crown Agents. Beginning in the 20th century, other parameters were recorded and these were collected by a number of ministries, sugar estates and private citizens.

It was then recognised that a more holistic and coordinated approach would be most beneficial to the coun-

Peterson worked with a committee comprising representatives from the Ministry of Communication, Ministry of Forest, Lands and Mines, Ministry of Works and Hydraulics, Booker Tate Estates, Demerara Bauxite Ltd and other stakeholders.

The committee recommended that portfolios of meteorology and hydrology, held by the Ministry of Communication and Ministry of Works and Hydraulicsrespectively, be

rological service within the government structure of the then British Guiana. It was envisaged that the department’s general responsibilities were to monitor and evaluate weather and water resources in Guyana.

These responsibilities grew in the early 70s to include aeronautical forecasting and later included agriculture meteorology, hydrological engineering and other aspects related to sustainable economic develop-

Automatic weather station at Copenam, Region Five

try and the international community. A proposal was made by ECLAC for an expert, William Peterson, from the World Meteorological Organization, to coordinate activities and to develop a proposal for the creation of a new entity.

cancelled, and that a portfolio of hydrometeorology be established as a department in the Ministry of Works and Hydraulics.

On October 5, 1965, at the 50th Meeting of Cabinet, approval was given to establish a central hydrometeo-

ment of the country.

The office was housed at Fort Street Kingston from 1965 until 1991 when it was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture after an evaluation of its relevance. Ken Potter was appointed the first Chief

Hydrometeorological Officer.

Under his direction, the Hydromet Service developed rapidly into a well coordinated and dynamic entity with a solid core of professional personnel. Since the service formation there have been six confirmed Heads of Department (Potter, John Bassier, Chander Persaud, Sheik Khan and Dilip Jaigopaul) and quite a number of supporting staff.

The Hydrometeorological Service is a department attached to Ministry of Agriculture. This department’s general responsibility is to monitor and evaluate the weather and water resources in Guyana and to actively support the government in disaster risk management and aeronautical, water, agriculture, engineering and other agencies for the socio-economic development of the country. It is the official provider of weather, water and climate information, and related products and services for Guyana.

The department’s activities include observation and data collection to meet the needs of future generations for reliable, homogeneous national climatological, hydrological and oceanographic data; provision of hydrological, meteorological, oceanographic and related data, information, forecasts, warnings, investigation and advisory services on a national, as well as international basis; and coordination of Guyana's involvement in regional and international hydrology, meteorology, oceanography and related conventions.

Significant milestones since 1965 include the establishment of the Aeronautical

The Doppler Radar facility at the Cheddi Jagan International Airport improves weather monitoring and forecasting

Meteorology Section in 1971 (Weather Forecasting Office as it commonly referred to) at Timehri.

R. Lalbeharry, Specialist Meteorologist, and Frassinetti, who was a UNDP-sponsored expert, were instrumental in its formation. This section operates 24 hours daily and provides local and international aviation forecasts and daily forecasts for the Guyanese public.

Today, this section has been expanded to the National Weather Watch Centre located at Hyde Park.

Then there is the installation of the first weather radar at Timehri in 1971. This radar well functioned until the late 1980s (until replacements parts become a challenge to find in the international market). The Hydromet Service then competed with Caribbean neighbours for this Doppler radar was not easy task.

The service retired heads of department (Khan and Jaigopaul) and few colleagues at Caribbean Meteorological Council lobbied and diligently worked to ensure Guyana benefited from one of the four radars.

Their persistence finally bore fruit in December 2003 when an MOU was signed between Guyana and CARIFOURM resulting in the installation of the current S band Doppler Weather Radar, which was commissioned on October 5, 2009.

It was funded by the European Union, implemented by Caribbean Meteorological Organization in Trinidad, and supported

by the then Government of Guyana (PPP/C). The PPP/C government contributed approximately $100 million dollars to this project.

With the expansion of the monitoring network, there is a need to ensure that there is adequate and proper storage of one of the Hydromet Service’s most valuable resources, which is hydrometeorological data.

OnAugust 5, 2011, the Hydrometeorological Service launched the NWIS, which is a composite web database that allowed for the integration of the service’s existing climatological and hydrological databases. Combining these two databases has allowed for the easy comparison of data and trends that can facilitate enhanced decision making and planning for stakeholders of the department.

To date, the Hydrometeorological Service produces a Farmer’s Weather Bulletin, which is disseminated on a monthly basis. The yearly hydromet calendar also consists of monthly forecast for each administrative region of the country, which aid in assisting farmers in their decision making.

Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology (the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather)and hydrology (study of the properties of the earth's water, and especially its movement in relation to land) that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 5

Times Women

U.S.-based Guyanese sets her sights on becoming mayor of U.S. city

I

n 1993, US-based Guyanese Maureen Walker was elected comptroller of the City of Mount Vernon, New York.

She became the first woman, the first African American and the first person of Caribbean descent to hold such a position. Notably, for her achievements and contributions to the Guyanese community abroad, Walker has received several prestigious awards.

As city comptroller, Walker is responsible for

During her tenure, Walker has achieved her objective of maintaining the City of Mount Vernon as a financially stable and viable municipality. This financial stability has resulted in on-going budget surpluses which have enabled the city to keep city property tax increases to a minimum level.

As a result of this, Mount Vernon remains an affordable city for residents and businesses. Under her leadership, the Department of Finance on behalf of the City

the Westchester Municipal Finance Association.

In recognition of her community work, Walker has received the Community Service Medal from the Guyanese Community Council, the Distinguished Zenith Award from the West Indian American Chamber of Commerce, the 105th Congressional Record Commemoration, the Mount Vernon Housing Authority Dedicated Service Award, the Martin Weichselbaum Award from the Jewish War

Maureen and her husband

the Finance and Payroll Departments of the city.

She manages the city’s budget, oversees insurance coverage, and negotiates union contracts, tax collection, management of city owned real estate, risk management, general accounting and record keeping, in addition to overseeing investments and financing of capital projects.

She recently announced that she is seeking the nomination of the Democratic Party in the upcoming primary elections to be held Sept. 10, 2015, for the Office of Mayor of Mount Vernon.

Walker is a New York State certified public accountant. She holds an MBA in Finance from the University of New Haven and a B.Sc. in Accounting (magna cum laude) from Brooklyn College. Prior to being elected to the office of comptroller, Walker was employed as an auditor with Arthur Anderson, & Company and as a senior financial analyst with The Equitable Life Assurance Company.

of Mount Vernon has been awarded the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting for many years.

Walker was re-elected comptroller of Mount Vernon in 1997, 2001 and 2005, 2009 and 2013. She is currently serving her sixth consecutive term as comptroller-elect.

Walker serves on the Board of Estimate (which approves city contracts), the Real Estate Committee, the Mount Vernon Renewal Agency (which plans for the revitalization of the city), the Mount Vernon Industrial Development Agency, and the Capital Projects Board.

She is an adjunct professor of Finance and Accounting at Iona College, and is a frequent speaker on various accounting and finance issues as they relate to her job as city comptroller. In addition, she is a member of the New York State Government Finance Officers’ Association, Inc. and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and

Veterans, the Mount Vernon Hospital Outstanding and Distinguished Community Service Award, the Spirit of Achievement Award from Junior Achievement of Hudson Valley Inc., the All Islands Association Community Service Award, the Guyana Tri State Alliance Service Award, Alpha Chapter 1 P.H.O.E.S. Award for outstanding contributions in the Field of Finance and Business and Professional Women, the USA “Woman of Distinction Award”, the Mount Vernon Heights Congregational Church Outstanding Service Award, the St. Luke’s Episcopal Church Outstanding and Dedicated Service Award, the Community Service Award from First Reformed Church, Soup Kitchen and Food Pantry and Parent against Teen Violence certificate from Parents against Teen Violence Organization.

Walker was also awarded for relentless service to community from the Guyanese Cultural Association, Outstanding

Community Service from The Caribbean Club of First Presbyterian Church, Outstanding Professional Excellence from the Mount Vernon Seventhday Adventist Church, Immigrant Achievement and Community Service Award from Westchester Hispanic Coalition Inc., and Support of Academic Achievements award from the M.V.H.S andUNA/USA Westchester, Mount Vernon Seventh Day Adventist Church Award, First Presbyterian Church Award, Friendship Worship Center Community Service Award, Young at Arts Service Award, Martin Luther King Service Award and the AARP Hutchinson #2619 award for dedicated service and the improvement of our community.

She is married to Robert Walker and they have two children: Collis and Collette.

Maureen and Robert reside in Mount Vernon.

In her announcement, posted to the Mount Vernon Inquirer website, Maureen outlined her plans for the

Maureen Walker, CPA

City of Mount Vernon should she win the elections.

“As Mayor, I will change things for the better in Mount Vernon. My vision for our city is to transfer Mount Vernon into a modern ‘mini’ metropolis by aggressively marketing our city as a convenient, accessible and affordable alterna-

tive to uptown Manhattan in New York City with easy access to the ‘Big City’ by rail, subway and several major highways. Two major airports (La Guardia and Westchester County) are twenty minutes from Mount Vernon.”(http://guyanesegirlsrock.com)

6 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Book World

The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

Part III

By Petamber Persaud

A

s indicated in part two of this series, this third instalment will focus on a female writer who published a three-volume set of biographies. It would be useful to recall that both biographical studies we have encountered so far were written by men, and the study

by Daly did not include any woman while the work of the Seymours included only 24 women of the 500 characters cited. This third work by a woman writer included 22 women of worth out of 81 cases mentioned.

“Grass Roots of Guyana” was compiled by Lewiz Alyan over a number of years, and this set of three books was published between 1985 and 1994. It was a monumental undertaking in many ways.

First and foremost is the fact the research and publication were done while the “grass roots” –totalling 81 – were still alive because the author “feels that these per-

Justice Desiree Bernard

Magda L. M. Pollard

Sr. Mary Noel Menezes

Yesu Persaud

Francis Q. Farrier

sons should be rewarded by seeing the record of their own contribution while they are still in this world, and that the public may read and appreciate their efforts, however small,” and that the youths should “glean some knowledge from their lives.”

Another special reason for labelling this work monumental can be found in the fact that “all data supplied by individuals” – that took some doing to interview 81 persons who, from their stories, were

very busy people. There were other demanding criteria.

For instance, those included had to be Guyanese to the bone“who have their roots buried long and deep into this soil of their own dear land of Guyana” and “preferred to stick it out and contribute to home and heritage and in so doing they have identified themselves and indented their footprints deep down into the land that they love.”

Further those select-

ed must be role models and mentors whose work must include the “Restoration of Peace, Culture, Courtesy and Integrity.”

Some of those “Grass Roots” are still with us, including Philip Allsopp, Desiree Bernard, Francis Q. Farrier, Carmen E. Jarvis, Toolsie Persaud, Yesu Persaud, Magda L. M. Pollard, Sr. Mary Noel Menezes, Gwyneth Browman, Stanley Ming and Komal Samaroo.

Again, apologizing before continuing, I would highlight a few women (please note this series would refer to these three sets of biographies, time and again, in order to seemingly do justice to all).

Desire Bernard is “the first Guyanese woman to have been appointed judge of the High Court…the first secretary of Caribbean Women’s Association…first woman president of the Organization of Commonwealth Caribbean Bar Association…Chairman of the United Nations Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women” among others.

Carmen E. Jarvis“is the first woman to be appointed chairman of the National Library Committee…she has held the post of secretary-

general, Guyana National Commission for UNESCO and wrote the history of Bishops’ High School.”

Magda L. M. Pollard“has co-authored a text for Home Economics teaching as well as the well-known publication ‘What’s Cooking in Guyana’”. She has served as principal of Carnegie School of Home Economicsand as “chairman and executive member of the Woodside Choir.”

Sr. Mary Noel Menezes “… entered the Community of Sisters of Mercy at an early age.” She has numerous publications to her credit; in addition, she has done biographical data entries in publications as “Personalities Caribbean”, “Dictionary of International Biography” and“Who’s who in the World”.

Gwyneth Browman “In 1966… joined the staff of the Public Free Library and moved through the ranks, holding various posts and then ultimately that of chief librarian. She has served on the committees of the Guyana National Archives and the Guyana Library Association.”

What are the keys for success underpinning all these lives?The keys to success were constancy, deter-

mination and an“ambition to push them on, not crushing or uncaring, but thriving through hard work, friendship, to go forward; taking the curse with the praise or the blows with the cheers, but nonetheless, climbing towards success, determined to better life’s condition for themselves and those around them.”

Quite a tall order for the “Grass Roots” but the author excelled at her work of presenting each person as a memorable character; in that regard,“Grass Roots of Guyana”differs significantly from the verbose biographies of Daly and from the brief biographical sketches of the Seymours.

Crowning this impressive work of the author Lewiz Alyan, was the inclusion of excellent photographs of each hero.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com What’s happening: The Guyana Annual Magazine 2014-2015 issue in now available at Guyenterprise Ltd., Lance Gibbs and Irving Streets, Tel # 226-9874 and from yours truly.

guyanatimesgy.com

AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 7

Times Heritage

I

t is generally believed that Guyana's first inhabitants, the indigenous peoples, originally entered the territory of what is now known as Guyana about 11,000 years ago.

Initially they lived on the low, swampy coastland region.

Research by the Guyanese anthropologist, Dennis Williams, shows that while the earliest Guyanese were hunters, about 7,000 years ago they became hunter-gatherers. Archaeological studies reveal that a group of these people occupied Barabina Hill near to Mabaruma around that period.

In the North-West District and the Pomeroon, where they were firmly established as fish, turtle, snail and crab catchers, their settlements were more permanent, but in the interior areas, they moved their campsites from time to time.

Some of these settlements were in the Mazaruni basin, the Pakaraima highlands, the Rupununi and the Berbice River.

The earliest of such settlements in the North West District were established around Hosororo and later in the Aruka River (in the North West District) about 3,000 years ago. But archae-

ological research has shown that indigenous groups actually began living in those areas, though not on a permanent basis, from about 3,400 years ago.

About 2,000 years ago, the first farming community appeared on the Corentyne River near to Wonotobo Falls. Later, other communities developed on both banks. The district around Orealla began to be settled about 1,000 years ago. From this area there was a western expansion across the intermediate savannahs up to the Demerara River.

Archaeologists have investigated a number of these settlement sites at Hitia (Berbice River), Tiger Island, Taurakuli and Doctor Ho Landing (Abary River); Idaballi, Karabu, Kibileri, Yamora, Barabara-Shanale, St. Francis and St Cuthbert's mission (Mahaicony and Mahaica Rivers); and Seba (Demerara River).

Most of the people living in these areas were Arawaks but some were Warraus. The largest Arawak settlement was Abary village in the upper Abary River, which unfortunately now lies under the reservoir created by the Mahaica-Mahaicony-Abary (MMA) project in the 1970s.

When the Dutch came to Guyana, they established

plantations, forts and trading posts along the coastal rivers. Two well-known settlements at that time were Nibbi and Ouden Amen on the Abary River. Because of the swampy nature of the land, some indigenous communities constructed huge earth mounds.

Dennis Williams' studies, based on the evidence of ceramic patterns, indicate that an early form of this settlement was at Joanna, (in the Black Bush Polder area on the Corentyne), going back to about 1,500 years ago.

Settlements later graduated to the sand reefs, which were themselves somewhat elevated over the swampy areas. A series of settlements sprang up along these reefs from the Corentyne to the North West District.

Interior settlements began about 1,000 years ago with movements from the coastal areas, even though some other groups arrived from the Amazon region in the south.

The Rupununi Savannahs began to be permanently peopled only from the early eighteenth century, even though huntergatherers had lived in that region a few thousand years earlier. (Excerpted from guyana.org. Chapter 1, 2)

House in Orealla

A home in Surama village

Home at Santa Mission Traditional homes in Rupununi Amerindian village in Rupununi (Circa 1960s)

Market Square Georgetown, British Guiana n.d.

8 Times Sunday Magazine

AUGUST 23, 2015

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Travel & Tourism

Scenic view of the Potaro River from the Landing (Photo by Marco Basir)

P

amela Landing is a river port near the town of Mahdia, on the Potaro River (Region Seven). The landing is essentially a few small shops near a boat landing, one of which is perched on a bluff overlooking the river.

On a journey to the Kaieteur Falls, Pamela Landing is one of the exciting stops. From the landing, the view of the Potaro River is breathtaking.

A boat ride from the landing along the Potaro River, paved by the Ayanganna Mountains, takes tourists to the scenic Amatuk Falls.

Pamela Landing is a pathway to outback Guyana, where adventures await. (Photos by https://lteem.files.wordpress.com)

Another view of Potaro from the Landing

Potaro River looking south from Pamela Landing (Photo by Nick Taylor)

Breathtaking view from the Potaro near to the Landing

Pamela Landing, Potaro River (Photo by Nick Taylor)

View of Potaro River from Pamela Landing (Photo by Nick Taylor)

guyanatimesgy.com

AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

1.

Soda contains zero nutrients, and is high in calories and sugar. Studies show a strong link between soda consumption and childhood obesity.

2. Soda suppresses the appetite so kids are less likely to eat nourishing foods. Soda drinkers are less likely to get the recommended levels of vitamin A, calcium, and magnesium.

3. Phosphorus, a common ingredient in soda, can deplete bones of calcium. Girls who drink more soda are more prone to broken bones. Doctors are becoming concerned about the health impact of carbonated beverage consumption on teenaged girls.

4. Studies show a direct link between tooth decay and soda. Not only does the sugar cause cavities, the acids in soda etch off

tooth enamel. Acid can begin to dissolve tooth enamel in only 20 minutes. Dentists are reporting complete loss of the enamel on the front teeth in teenaged boys and girls who habitually drink sodas.

5. Caffeine is known to create physical dependence and upsets the normal balance of neurochemistry in the developing brains of children. Caffeine stimulates the adrenal gland without providing the nourishment it needs. In large amounts, caffeine can lead to adrenal exhaustion, especially in children.

Colas contain 35 to 38 milligrams of caffeine per 12-ounce can. Diet colas often contain a lot more. Sprite, 7-Up, ginger ale, and many brands of root beer are caffeine-free.

6. Drinking a lot of soda every day

can lead to blood sugar disorders, including diabetes.

7. Aspartame, used in diet sodas, is a potent brain toxin and endocrine disrupter.

8. Citric acid, often found in soda, may contain traces of MSG. MSG is another potent brain toxin. The artificial flavours found in soda may also contain traces of MSG. 9. Drinking sodas regularly can upset the fragile, acid-alkaline balance of the stomach, creating a continuous acid environment.

This prolonged acid environment can lead to inflammation of the stomach and duodenal lining, which can be quite painful.

10. Sodas act as dehydrating diuretics, much like tea, coffee and alcohol, and can inhibit proper digestive function.

The Trauma of Victimization (Continued)

T

he trauma of victimization is a direct reaction to the aftermath of crime.

Crime victims suffer a tremendous amount of physical and psychological trauma.

Recovery

Every victim's experience is different, and the recovery process can be extremely difficult. It can take a few months or years -- or an entire lifetime -- depending upon the variables involved.

For instance, if an individual has suf-

fered from other traumatic incidents prior to the victimization -- such as the death of a close relative or friend -- his or her initial emotional reaction, reorganization and recovery might be different from someone who is experiencing victimization for the first time.

The road to recovery is very similar to a roller-coaster with unexpected "ups and downs." This is why crisis intervention and supportive counselling play a significant role in helping victims recover.

If victims have difficulty rebuilding or finding a new equilibrium, they may suffer from a long-term crisis reaction or from posttraumatic stress disorder. Victims never completely forget about the crime. The pain may lessen and even subside, but their lives are changed forever.

Victims who suffer from long-term crisis reactions can be thrown back into the initial crisis reaction by what are known as "triggers." Many victims will have particular triggers that remind them of their victimization, such as sights, smells, noises, birthdays, holidays or the anniversary of the crime.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was first applied to military veterans who experienced psychological trauma while serving in combat. Researchers are now applying this syndrome to crime victims.

Being a victim of crime does not necessarily mean that an individual will develop PTSD. If victims receive appropriate crisis intervention, the chances of developing PTSD are reduced.

Some recognizable symptoms of PTSD

Sleeping disorders/continued nightmares; constant flashbacks/intrusion of thoughts; extreme tension and anxiety; irritability/outbursts of anger; non-responsiveness or lack of involvement with the external world; prolonged feelings of detachment or estrangement of others, and memory trouble.

PTSD is a very complicated diagnosis and the presence of any of the above-mentioned symptoms does not mean that a person is suffering from PTSD. (This article alone cannot provide for a complete review)

Secondary Injuries

Victims not only have to struggle with primary injuries in the aftermath of the crime, but they must also battle with the "secondary" injuries. Secondary injuries are injuries that occur when there is a lack of proper support. These injuries can be caused by friends, family and most often by the professionals victims encounter as a result of the crime.

Law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, social service workers, the media, coroners, clergy, and even mental health

professionals can cause secondary injuries.

Those individuals may lack the ability or training to provide the necessary comfort and assistance to the victim.

Often, those individuals blame the victim for the crime. Failing to recognize the importance of the crime or to show sympathy can be damaging to the victim's selfworth and recovery process.

Interaction with the Criminal Justice System

Perhaps the most agonizing experience for victims involves dealing with the criminal justice system if and when an offender is apprehended. At this level, the crime is considered to have been committed against the state, and victims become witnesses to the crimes.

This procedure is very difficult for the crime victim to understand and come to terms with, because in the victim's mind, he or she is the one who has suffered emotionally, physically, psychologically and financially.

At this stage of the process, a victim can sometimes feel that he or she is losing complete control because he or she is not directly involved in the prosecution or sentencing of the offender.

However, participation in the criminal justice system can aid victims in rebuilding their lives. If victims are kept well-informed about the criminal proceedings and feel that they have a voice in the process, they will feel that they are a part of a team effort.

This added effort enables victims to understand the judicial process and helps to return to them a sense of control to their lives and circumstances.

Conclusion

In order to have a better understanding of the aftermath of criminal victimization, we must begin to accept the reality that crime is random, senseless and can happen to anyone regardless of the precautions that are taken to prevent being victimized.

We must also understand that a victim's life is turned upside down when he or she becomes a victim of crime. In order to help victims learn to trust society again and regain a sense of balance and self-worth, we must educate all those who come in contact with victims and survivors.

With proper training, all professionals will be better able to assist victims in dealing with the aftermath and trauma of victimization. (All rights reserved. Copyright 2008 by the National

Centre for Victims of Crime.)

10 Times Sunday Magazine

AUGUST 23, 2015

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Fashion

D

esigner Sonia Noel has extended her collection of fashionable clothing with a more youthful, chic look.

“As seen in the photos this week, my daughter Shonta Noel displays the more youthful side of my designs. These pieces can easily be worn to the club, cocktail, pool party with or without a jacket. The blue and white dresses can be worn to a business meeting,” Noel described.

For more information on these designs, call 226-3099.

S

uriname-based Guyanese Kodzo Wilkinson, popularly known as an established artist, has expanded his portfolio to include the title of designer.

His debut collection NEWED, playing on the words nude and new/rebirth, is “inspired by the human body and comfort”.

“This is a stylish, not too edgy, collection that contours the body. It consists of 12 pieces and caters for men and women who don’t want to show off too much skin,” the designer described.

Wilkinson will be showcasing his pieces at the Suriname Fashion Week 2015, his first ever appearance as a designer, on August 26 and 29.

“I was asked by the event’s committee to represent Guyana at the event.

They got in contact with me after a mutual friend, who showcases my artwork in Suriname, told them about my accomplishments. I had only about two months to prepare, but with determination I was able to complete my pieces. I’m happy to represent Guyana and to showcase

my pieces on the catwalk in Suriname,” Wilkinson declared.

The designer said that the transition from art to designing was easy as both fall under the art category. Wilkinson disclosed he already has ideas for his next collection, which he hopes to launch later this year.

For more information on Wilkinson’s collection, visit NEWED on Facebook.

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 11

Times Feature

In selfless service to our country Dr Clive Jagan’s maiden speech at the National Assembly D

r Clive Jagan, nephew of the late founder of the PPP, Dr Cheddi Jagan, expressed heartfelt sentiments on the selflessness of his uncle helping Guyana to become a great nation, and the monumental achievements of the PPP/C. During the National Assembly, at the 2015 Budget Debate on August 18, 2015, Dr Jagan made his debut speech. He was following in the footsteps of his legendary uncle who made his maiden speech in the Assembly in 1947.

Dr Clive Jagan’s passion during his presentation in the Assembly is synonymous with his uncle’s when highlighting the numerous milestones overcome by the PPP/C to build a great Guyana.

The following is an excerpt of Dr Clive Jagan’s speech in the National Assembly on August 18: “Mister Speaker, the opportunity to serve in this assembly that represents the pinnacle of decision making for the governance of Guyana is a great honour and privilege for me.

While I have been engaged with politics for a long time and have especially been engaged with the PPP in the 80s in its struggle for the return to freedom and democracy from the PNC dictatorship, I have never sought or been interested in political office. However, I do see portents and the danger of us falling back into dark times, and having considered, believe that I can make a contribution for us to stay on course and advance the freedom and democracy that was restored and nurtured by the PPP/ Civic in the last two decades.

Mister Speaker, it is my conviction that like myself, the purpose and desire of every member sitting in this August Assembly is to work for and to contribute selflessly and honourablyfor the creation of a highly developed, peaceful and safe Guyana. A Guyana where every citizen is valued and can enjoy his or her life in peace, in comfort and in dignity. A Guyana where opportunity is equal and access is unrestricted and where everyone, irrespective of race, religion or

Dr Clive Jagan

gender, has the opportunity and the best chance to fulfil his or her potential…

However, with due regard to the fact that we all want the same thing, it is perhaps unfortunate that we are organized on two sides in essential opposition to each other and are too often trapped into opposing for opposing sake. While this arrangement of government and opposition may be the highest form for democratic governance, the eye on the vote to win elections can too often lead to battles to obstruct the one or the other side to the detriment of the national interest.

Our progress since independence – or lack thereof – perhaps belie my conviction that all are united and agreed in wanting a better Guyana over and above everything else.

At the outset therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to exhort that we always refer, in all our deliberations and decision making, to that vision for a better Guyana which we all share; that commitment to service to which we all subscribe.Let it at all times inform our deliberations and

prevent us from being diverted or be seduced by “oppositionism”, prejudice and petty zero sum games of ethnic advantage.

It is perhaps apposite for those members who were on this side in the last parliament and who are now sitting on that side to reflect and determine, if it was in good conscience that they served Guyana, when they blocked or refused to support any number of important legislations from the then minority government.

For example, since I was born and all through my life I have heard it said that Guyana needs cheap, clean energy if it were going to be able to take advantage of our natural resources of our development. And we heard that we had great potential for hydropower. How much was done to actualize these words?

The last government advanced the process for hydropower, had the project for execution, and had arrangements for financing.

You blocked it. The time, effort and money expended have been reduced to naught. Was it opposition

Former President Dr Cheddi Jagan

for opposition sake? We all know how much harm can accrue to Guyana if we did not comply with the antimoney laundering legislation but you refused to cooperate. Mr. Speaker, was it opposition for opposition sake?

Again I call on all, let us not oppose for opposition sake; let us work for Guyana. Here, allow me to quote Dr Cheddi Jagan from his speech in this assembly in May 1996 when the instruments of our sovereignty were being passed to us: “Parliamentary democracy has an important place in this country, and a heavy onus lies on all of us, but more particularly on the government to see that it works.”

Mr Speaker, our history and our development in the period before independence and since independence have been a roller coaster ride, with peaks and troughs. And the peaks have been under the watch of the PPP and the trough has been under the other group. Mr. Speaker, we cannot go on like this, we must move up and up and up…

Who will dispute the

autonomy and freedom of GECOM from interference from the previous government? Say what you will, the PPP never compromised in its commitment to freedom and democracy.

It has had its quarrels with these institutions, but it did not ban them or stifle them.

Mr. Speaker, by any parameter, the country which has been handed over to the APNU-AFC coalition is a better country than the PPP inherited in 1992. All the important indices have become better than they were in 1992. In short we were better off on May 11, 2015 than we were on October 5, 1992. From a least developing country it has become a middle developing country with a GDP that has grown from US$250 in 1992 to more than US$ 3,700 today.

Mr. Speaker, I am an optimist, and I believe in a greater Guyana; but unfortunately I am already seeing the portents of a return to the dark days of economic woes and dictatorship.

Mr.Speaker, all across the world, as countries grapple with their economic problems, the mantra is jobs creation, jobs creation. But

in the first hundred days of this government, what do we see? We see jobs destruction. Already this government has fired more than 3 or 4 thousand persons and the private sector has probably had to lay off another 3 to 4 thousand. And what is worse, they have assaulted one of the most vulnerable communities in the country, the Amerindian people.

Mr. Speaker on August 9. Guyana joined the rest of the world in celebrating International day of the World's Indigenous Peoples and the Secretary General of the United Nations called on all to ensure that our indigenous peoples are not left behind. But what had this government done? It had fired nearly two thousand Amerindians workers and immediately threw them and their families into penury and hardship without a second thought.

We see that dark dictatorial attitude reminiscent of that period we want to never happen again when a deputy CEO, in the company of police officers, marches into a work place and puts two staff out of their jobs. And Mr. Speaker, in all these firings, are we seeing the first intimations of ethnic cleansing? Mr. Speaker, what good life is in store for these people who are out of jobs?

We also see duplicity and deceit. This budget might have raised the old age pension but it removed the subsidy for water and electricity for these pensioners. The net effect is that they would be worse off. What good life?

Mr. Speaker, judging the performance of this new regime, even in these early days, does not inspire confidence. The portents are not good for a good life for Guyanese. The signs of regression are already there.

I wish to take this opportunity to call on my colleagues across the floor to clear your heads, to rise above pettiness, to free yourselves from obsolete ideas and pig-headedness in wanting to prove those ideas right, and to reboot yourselves to selfless, unambiguous and intelligent service to our country. I challenge you to show us that you too can be inclusive and that you too can move Guyana forward.”

12 Times Sunday Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Hollywood

Jennifer Lawrence One Direction release first is world’s highest video without Zayn Malik paid actress O ne Direction have dropped their new music video and it's send 1D fans into a frenzy.

The song, “Drag Me Down”, is the group's first video since Zayn Malik left the group and they released it the day after he announced he had signed a new solo deal with RCA Records.

After the boys released the track on iTunes, Zayn Malik sent out his love, writing on Twitter: "Proud of my boys the new single is sick. Big love ;) x" The boys literally go out of this world as they transform into astronauts and are sent into orbit in the video for “Drag Me Down”.

The band shot the video at NASA's headquarters in Houston, and it was directed by long term collaborators Fulwell 73. (Glamour)

J

ennifer Lawrence is the world's highest paid actress, banking US$52m (before tax) in the last 12 months, according to Forbes magazine.

The Hunger Games star was well ahead of the competition, making US$16.5m more than her nearest competitor Scarlett Johansson, who earned US$35.5m.

Melissa McCarthy ranked third on the list with US$23m, thanks to roles in Spy and Tammy. Fourth on

Nick Jonas on Kendall Jenner's romance rumors: 'We're not dating' the list was the only nonAmerican: Chinese actress Fan Bingbing made US$21 million.

Despite the big numbers, the list highlights the discrepancy between the genders in Hollywood. The combined wealth of the highest paid actress was US$281m, while their male counterparts made US$941m. The barrier for entry on the female list was US$6m, while on the male list it was US$13m. (Glamour)

N

ick Jonas has set the record straight about dating rumors with Kendall Jenner.

While promoting his new single "Levels", the 22-yearold singer told E! News, "We're not dating. Kendall is great and naturally with her being good friends with Gigi [Hadid] and with Joe [Jonas] and Gigi dating, there are times we'll be in the same place and we all hang out."

Nick said he's open to grabbing a drink or dinner with someone but he want-

ed to keep any potential romances "light and casual."

The "Jealous" hitmaker,

who recently broke up with Olivia Culpo, is enjoying his life as a single man.

"I'm trying to take the time to walk out this next phase of my life and be single the right way," he shared, "I [also] like being able to work as hard as I want. I'm incredibly driv-

en and with all the projects I have going on, they take up a lot of my time. I like to work hard and just be as focused on work as possible."

Nick said "Levels" was "a fun song to sing, but it's a hard song to sing because of the high notes." He explained, "I fell in love with it as soon as I heard it. It was the perfect way to sort of cut a new path for me while still touching on some of the older sounds. I love the soul and the R&B elements that it has, but also the dance vibe. The funk side of things was really big for me."

Nick will perform "Levels" and debut its music video at the upcoming MTV Video Music Awards PreShow. (AceShowbiz)

Vanessa Hudgens' father battling stage four cancer

V

anessa Hudgens has revealed her father has stage four cancer. The 26-year-old actress announced the sad news when accepting an award for Breakthrough Performer at the 2015 Industry Dance Awards in Los Angeles on Wednesday night, August 19.

"Last year, my boyfriend, Austin [Butler], lost his mom, Lori, to cancer, and my dad has just been recently diagnosed with stage four cancer," she said onstage.

"Let me tell you, I hate cancer. I hate cancer with every cell of my being."

She continued, "This award, it means a lot to me

but I dedicate it to my boyfriend's mom, Lori, my dad, and to all the families out there who are struggling with this, because it really takes a strong person and a strong family to be able to help those out who are going through this."

The awards event benefits The Circle of Hope, a charity for dancers who have survived cancer.

Last month, Vanessa asked fans to pray for her dad while sharing a picture of her and her father on Instagram. "My daddy and I Please pray for his healing!!!

The more prayers the better," she captioned the photo. (AceShowbiz)

A

AUGUST 23, 2015

rchana Galrani, better known by her stage name Sanjjanaa, is an Indian model and film actress.

She made her film debut in the Tamil film “Oru Kadhal Seiveer” (2006) and soon became noted after her controversial role in the Kannada film “Ganda Hendathi” (2006). Her supporting role in the 2008 Telugu film “Bujjigadu” brought her to limelight in the Telugu industry. She is yet to make her Bollywood debut. In 2011, Archana received the Best Actor in a Negative Role Female in “Mathe Banni Preethsona” at the The Bangalore Times Film Awards.

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Times Sunday Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

14 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Bollywood

P

akistan court issued ban on the release of the film in the country on a plea filed by Mumbai attack mastermind Hafiz Saeed recently.

Saeed, in his plea, had alleged that the film set on post 26/11 attacks, contains “filthy propaganda” against him and his outfit. Condemning Pakistan's ban on release of Bollywood movie “Phantom”, director Kabir Khan said that the move was a bit strange as the movie was "anti-terrorism" and not "anti-Pakistani," reports ANI. "I am feeling a bit strange as the film has been banned even before it reached the Censor Board. It is not an anti-Pakistan Movie. This only an anti-terrorism film and is against the masterminds of 26/11 attack," Kabir told ANI. Bollywood star Saif Ali Khan, who is playing the lead role in the movie, said that the movie is based on facts.

While on the other hand, an IANS report quoted Saif Ali Khan saying that he was expecting his forthcoming film “Phantom”, set in the aftermath of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, to be banned in Pakistan. But he affirms that the film isn't against the neighbouring country.

"Unfortunately, certain films that they (Pakistan) will make, we (India) will ban, and certain films that we make, they will

A ban. If you don't want to get banned, you have to make other films like Race... which is fair enough because certain political issues are very sensitive between the two countries," Saif told IANS over phone from Mumbai.

"The film is about terrorism and there might be people in Pakistan who are antiIndia. It's (the film) not anti-Pakistan, but that's okay. Even Agent Vinod wasn't antiPakistan... that got banned," he said.

"You can make a fair amount of money from that market, so it's bit of a shame. It's not important in terms of... it doesn't dictate what kind of movies we make," he shared.

“Phantom”, which also stars Katrina Kaif, will hit the Indian screens on August 28. (Times of India)

ctress Alia Bhatt, who launched the trailer of her childhood friend Anushka Ranjan's debut film “Wedding Pulav”, says 32 is the right age to get married.

"I am just 22 and I think 32 will be right age to taste the wedding pulav. I have not tasted 'shaadi ka ladoo', so I hopefully will not regret," Alia said at the launch.

Speaking about the qualities she would look for in her groom, Alia said she wants him to have a good sense of humour.

"He must make me laugh, then obviously comes good looks, good looks and good looks," she said. "I will not tell how to impress me, the person who loves me should know how to impress me," she added.

Asked about her emotional outburst af-

ter watching Karan Malhotra directorial "Brothers", she said: "I did not cry but I am a very sensitive girl and, yes, sometimes I get emotional. When there is high emotion, I get shaken and get emotional about films as well." (IANS)

Varun Dhawan: ‘I have not hiked my fee’

A

ctor Varun Dhawan, who has delivered hit films like “Badlapur” and “ABCD 2” this year, has refuted rumours that he has hiked his fees for his forthcoming projects.

"I have not really hiked

my fee. If there is a film I truly believe in, then money is not a criteria for me. I'll go out of my way to do that film. I don't do films for money," Varun said.

Talking about the Nawazuddin Siddiquistarrer film, Varun said "it's wonderful".

"It's based on a real-life story and such films have to be encouraged and I think it could be one of Nawazuddin's best performances."

Directed by Ketan Mehta, “Manjhi - The Mountain Man” also stars Radhika Apte.

The movie is set to hit theatres on Friday.

(IANS)

Kangana Ranaut on being highest paid actress: ‘It's justified’

T

here is no stopping Queen Kangana who recently delivered a solo hit with “Tanu Weds Manu Returns”.

Days before Katti Batti releases, trade is rife with reports that she is now the highest paid Bollywood actress. The actor, who has beaten her contemporaries like Priyanka Chopra and Deepika Padukone in terms of pay, says it is justified to ask for more remuneration as she deserves it.

The actor who plays the character of Payal in “Katti Batti” has apparently received a staggering amount for an upcoming movie, which is far more than what Deepika, Katrina and Priyanka charge for a film.

"I think the kind of films and roles I do take a whole year... I think it is justified.

At some point, we have to come to that place where we are equally paid. It is a small step... we are headed to that direction."

Kangana, who has acted in films like “Fashion” and “Shootout at Wadala”, among others, has often openly spoken about the dis-

parity between the remuneration for male and female actors in the Hindi filmdom, "There is a huge gap between the remuneration of an actor and actress... it will take time (to reduce the gap). Male actors get into production, share profit and they don't take money at times but are involved in some capacity which is economical and resourceful.

These things suit them as they have made a place for themselves; they have command over the box office.

There is no reason comparison now," she adds. (Hindustan Times)

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine

15

Times Trends

Trending Now

Star of the week

Flash trend alert! All the A-listers are experimenting with rainbow hair hues. Below are some of Hollywood’s hottest celebrities sporting various hues and cuts of rainbow hair.

They may provide some inspiration for your next rainbow hair look. (Glamour)

Actress and singer Rita Ora adopts the trend, wearing her rainbow hair in a side-parting and carefully straightened.

Want to make an impression? Opt for a brightpink ombre and then make sure your lipstick matches, like what singer Iggy Azalea did.

At the Billboard Music Awards 2015, Kylie Jenner debuted a brand new turquoise dip-dyed 'do which teamed with full, fluttery lashes and a nude lip to really let her new hair hue do the talking.

Actress and singer Britney Spears showcased her rainbow locks at the Teen Choice Awards 2015, opting for a multiple coloured dip-dye.

Katy Perry's hair has been every colour of the rainbow, but for the 2015 Grammy Awards, the “Roar” songstress opted for lavender locks. The purple hue looks delightful against Katy's flawless beauty look.

Demi Lovato is no stranger to the dip-dye trend. This time her dip of choice is a chalky purple shade.

J

amall Blair is a fitness pro and advocate, spreading awareness on the benefits of regular exercise and a healthy diet. The 25-year-old works as a sea defence technician and graphic artist. He studied civil engineering at the University of Guyana. In 2014, Jamall competed for the first time in the Men's Physique fitness competition where he placed in the top five; this motivated him to continue pushing to be fit, and helping others along that path. Blair said he had fun competing and is working to cop the winner’s trophy in his next competition in December. The health advocate has invested much of his resources to get on the fitness trail.

Knowing the benefits of being healthy, Blair urges people to getfit and have a balanced diet.

(Street Styles photo)

16 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Art

W

orks from a gifted second generation of Guyanese artistsform a significant part of the National Collection at Castellani House, located on Vlissengen Road.

These include, in particular, paintings from an influential group that included Donald Locke, Stanley Greaves, Ronald Savory and Michael Leila, all born in the 1930s, and others older, such as Philip Moore and Cletus Henriques, and younger, such as Dudley Charles.

These artists, in their individual searches for style and

technique and a personal idiom of expression, seemed to mirror the questioning of the wider society as the new era of an independent Guyana began.

Primarily paintings are exhibited, in an era dominated by two-dimensional works, though sculpture from Philip Moore and Stanley Greaves from the period are included.

Most of the works displayed were executed in the decade of the 1960s, with additional works from the 50s and 70s.

Notable also are the two works of collaboration between Philip Moore and Donald Locke, which are mixed media,

painted relief works interpreting the Pakaraima mountain ranges, produced the year after Guyana’s independence.

The National Collection also has works by the late master painter and sculptor, Philip Moore, CCH. These showcase range of imagination, themes and execution that characterized the 60 years of Moore’s productivity as an artist.

For more information on the National Collection, call 225-0579. (Text and photos by Castellani House) (Cover photo: ''Regent Street by Night' c.1954 by Emersom Samuels.

Oil)

'Pakaraima Suite No. 1' 1966

by Donald Locke & Philip Moore. Mixed media

'Self Portrait' 1957 by Patrick Barrington. Oil

'Shave Ice Cart' 1967 by Cletus Henriques. Acrylic

Untitled (Tree Study) n.d. by Leila Locke. Acrylic

'Native Girl in Landscape' 1960 by Ron Savory. Oil

'Bottles from St. Louis' 1986

by Marjorie Broodhagen. Oil

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 17

Times Tech

WhatsApp for the Web now works on iOS he WhatsApp Web app now supports iOS in addition to Android, BlackBerry, BlackBerry 10,

T

ers will now be able to sync chats from their phone to the WhatsApp Web app to continue the conversations

and Windows Phone. As TechCrunch pointed out, this means that iPhone us-

in their browser.

The feature is "gradually rolling out" to iPhone us-

Tech BYTE

S

World's first titanium car

ino-Italian supercar boutique Icona has revealed the world’s first titanium car. The new one-off production supercar is called the Vulcano Titanium.

While titanium has appeared on many cars, the Vulcano is an entire sports car body built from titanium. The body, which

also contains carbon fibre, was hand-built

by Italian coach builder Cecomp over the course of 1,000 hours.

"Inspiration for the Vulcano came from the world’s fastest plane, the Blackbird SR-71, whose sharp and dramatic silhou-

Tech BYTE

W

ers as part of the app's latest update, according to the report.

The new iOS support comes after WhatsApp in January first introduced the Web client for in-browser chatting.

"Our Web client is simply an extension of your phone: the Web browser mirrors conversations and messages from your mobile device — this means all of your messages still live on your phone," WhatsApp founder Jan Koum wrote in a Facebook post at the time.

Until now, however, the feature only worked with the Android, BlackBerry, BlackBerry 10, and Windows Phone versions of the app.

Koum in January said the company wasn't able to provide a Web client for iOS users due to "Apple platform

ette complimenting its sensual surface transitions was key to the styling of the Vulcano," explains Icona design director Samuel Chuffart.

Icona fancies the titanium body a fine sculpture, so it didn't bother muddying it up with paint before revealing it at the 63rd Pebble BeachConcours d'Elegance, which is held every August.

Icona refers to the titanium Vulcano as a "one off," so it doesn't look like there are any plans to build a limited number for select clientele.

Underneath its raw titanium suit of armour, the new Vulcano is powered by a supercharged LS9 V8 mounted in mid-front position, and does 0 to 60 mph as quickly as 2.8 seconds.

Icona revealed the first Vulcano at the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show.

Scientists track subsurface waves

hen we think of ocean waves, most people will imagine sitting on a beach watching breakers roll in from the horizon. However a group of scientists from the University of Miami have been tracking waves of a different breed – unseen colossal, skyscraper-tall underwater waves that are present in every one of our oceans.

Subsurface waves, otherwise known as internal waves (IW) are initiated by the effects of Earth's gravity, and rarely ever break the surface. To understand an IW, imagine separating the ocean into layers of water that get denser and denser as you go farther down. An IW is like a surface wave that occurs on one of the lower strata of the ocean levels.

Internal waves move much slower than their exterior counterparts, and whilst the height of the surface ocean remains essentially unaffected, the water layers beneath rise and fall dramatically

as these waves pass by.

The team of researchers from the University of Miami were able to observe the characteristics of IWs in the Luzon Strait connecting to the South China Sea by using satellite-based radar imaging to watch for surface ripples known to be caused by the subsurface phenomena.

Tracking the waves, some of which tower up to 170 meters (558 ft.) from start to finish, allows the researchers to gain a more unified view of process at work.

These subsurface waves are not only present in our oceans, they are key mechanics in other large bodies of water such as lakes and fjords, and as such must be better understood. The oceanic IWs are so massive that they can actually pose a significant risk to submarine operations, and a greater understanding of how they transfer heat and nutrients in order to influence marine life could inform commercial fishing practices.

limitations," but it looks like those issues are all worked out now.

To connect WhatsApp

Tech news

F

to your Web browser, open web.whatsapp.com; you’ll see a QR code—scan that inside of WhatsApp, and voila.

Google loses data after lightning strikes

our lightning strikes on a European power grid resulted in Google Cloud Platform errors and data loss.

On Aug. 13, "four successive lightning strikes on the local utilities grid that powers our European datacentre caused a brief loss of power to storage systems" that host disk capacity for Google Compute Engine (GCE) in Western Europe, Google said this week.

"Although automatic auxiliary systems

restored power quickly, and the storage systems are designed with battery backup, some recently written data was located on storage systems which were more susceptible to power failure from extended or re-

Tech news

G

Your phone will need to stay connected to the Internet for the Web client to work.

(PCMag)

peated battery drain," Google said.

"In almost all cases the data was successfully committed to stable storage, although manual intervention was required in order to restore the systems to their normal serving state. However, in a very few cases, recent writes were unrecoverable, leading to permanent data loss on the Persistent Disk."

Data loss was minimal (less than 0.000001 percent), Google said. In most cases, the "affected disks sporadically returned I/O errors to their attached GCE instances, and also typically returned errors for management operations such as snapshot creation."

Google had already been working to upgrade storage hardware so that it is less susceptible to problems associated with power failures.

"Most Persistent Disk storage is already running on this hardware," it said, but Google engineers did another review of its datacentre post-lightning strike and identified several "opportunities...to increase physical and procedural resilience."(PC Mag)

Google to open YouTube production studio in India

oogle Wednesday announced its first YouTube Space for India. Located in Mumbai, the production facility — the second of its kind in Asia — will be hosted by the reputed Whistling Woods International film school.

The first YouTube Spaces project started in 2012 and it is designed to give filmmakers (YouTube filmmakers) a place where they can access high-quality equipment, gain mentorship and, ultimately, produce quality content.

Like many Google projects, there’s also a community angle to it — Spaces are used to host training programs, workshops and other events to encourage creativity among the local and national community.

“India is seeing an emergence of a new generation of YouTube creators who are capturing the colour, music, humour, and drama of India more creatively than ever

before. In fact, Indian creators are now amongst the top contributors in Asia when it comes to driving time spent on YouTube watching videos,” David Macdonald, Head of YouTube Spaces in Asia Pacific, said in a blog post.

Google said the Mumbai Space, which is its seventh worldwide, will be open to YouTube creators “soon.”(Tech Crunch)

18 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Home & Cooking

Recipe of the Week

Ingredients

H

ome improvement projects can be as simple as increasing kitchen storage to building a new walk-in closet. Once you have a budget you stick with, it is always a pleasure improving the look and value of your home.

2 teaspoons vegetable oil 1⁄2 teaspoon ginger, minced 1 tablespoon garlic, chopped 1⁄2 cup soy sauce 1⁄2 cup water

3⁄4 cup dark brown sugar Vegetable oil, for frying (about 1 cup) 1 lb flank steak 1⁄4 cup cornstarch 2 large green onions, sliced on the diagonal into one-inch lengths

Whether your kitchen is large or small, ample storage is always a selling point. Take advantage of unclaimed wall or corner space with open shelves to keep dishes, spices, and cookware within easy reach says BHG

Millwork (ready-made carpentry elements like trim and crown mouldings) can enhance the look of several areas in your home, including its entrance

Method Make the sauce by heating 2 tsp of vegetable oil in a medium saucepan over med/low heat.

Don't get the oil too hot.

Add ginger and garlic to the pan and quickly add the soy sauce and water before the garlic scorches.

Dissolve the brown sugar in the sauce; raise the heat to about medium and boil the sauce for 2-3 minutes or until the sauce thickens.

Remove it from the heat.

Slice the flank steak against the grain into 1/4" thick bite-size slices (Tilt the blade of your knife at about a forty five degree angle to the top of the steak so that you get wider cuts).

Dip the steak pieces into the cornstarch to apply a very thin dusting to both sides of each piece of beef.

Let the beef sit for about 10 minutes so that the cornstarch sticks.

As the beef sits, heat up one cup of oil in a wok (you may also use a skillet for this step as long as the beef will be mostly covered with

oil).

Heat the oil over medium heat until it's nice and hot, but not smoking.

Add the beef to the oil and sauté for just two minutes, or until the beef just begins to darken on the edges.

You don't need a thorough cooking here since the beef is going to go back on the heat later.

Stir the meat around a little so that it cooks evenly.

After a couple minutes, use a large slotted spoon to take the meat out and onto paper towels, and then pour the oil out of the wok or skillet.

Put the pan back over the heat, dump the meat back into it and simmer for one minute.

Add the sauce, cook for one minute while stirring; add all the green onions.

Cook for one minute more; remove the beef and onions with tongs or a slotted spoon to a serving plate.

Leave the excess sauce behind in the pan.

Serves 2

GREATEST KITCHEN TIPS

Bathroom updates equal a big return

T

omatoes stored with the stem facing down last longer.

Toasting nuts before cooking with it increases its flavours considerably.

To peel the skin of almonds, tomatoes or peaches, simply soak in boiling water for 5-10 minutes. The skin can be easily removed.

Potatoes have their nutrients in their skin. So try using potatoes without peeling it.

To store fish longer and fresher, clean it, apply turmeric and salt and put it in the freezer.

O

HOME HELP

ne way to clean and maintain stainless steel surfaces is by pouring mineral oil on a cloth and wiping it across your countertops, sinks and other surfaces. Mineral oil repels water and increases resistance –preventing sticky materials from attaching to the steel and cutting down on your future cleaning time.

Line the bottom of the oven with a non-stick oven liner. It can be wiped with a paper towel, put in the dishwasher, and reused over and over.

If you can clean only one room before company arrives, tackle the bathroom. This is the only room where people spend time solo and may have the time and tendency to notice a mess.

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Advice on parenting advice

I JOKES A collection of reports on the stupidity in of crime Chicago: A man was wanted for throwing bricks through jewellery store windows and making off with the loot. He was arrested last night after throwing a brick into a Plexiglas window...the brick bounced back, hit him in the head and knocked him cold until the police got there.

San Antonio, Texas: 45 year-old Amy Brasher was arrested after a mechanic reported to police that 18 packages of marijuana were packed in the engine compartment of the car which she had brought to the mechanic for an oil change. According to police, Brasher later said that she didn’t realize that the mechanic would have to raise the hood to change the oil.

(Location unknown): A man successfully broke into a bank’s basement through a street-level window, cutting himself up pretty badly in the process.

He then realized that (1) he could not get to the money from where he was, (2) he could not climb back out the window through which he had entered, and (3) he was bleeding pretty badly. So he located a phone and dialled “911” for help...

South Carolina: A man walked into a local police station, dropped a bag of cocaine on the counter, informed the desk sergeant that it was substandard cut, and asked that the person who sold it to him be arrested immediately.

When asked to explain an increase in area robberies, Washington police chief John Layton replied, “The biggest factor is the inclination of certain individuals of acquiring funds by illegal means...”

Biblical stories Terri asked her Sunday School class to draw pictures of their favourite Bible stories.

She was puzzled by Kyle’s picture, which showed four people on an airplane, so she asked him which story it was meant to represent.

“The flight to Egypt,” said Kyle.

“I see ... And that must be Mary, Joseph, and Baby Jesus,” Ms. Terri said.

“But who’s the fourth person?”

“Oh, that’s Pontius-the Pilot.

A little boy opened the big and old family Bible with fascination, and looked at the old pages as he turned them.

Suddenly, something fell out of the Bible; he picked it up and looked at it closely. It was an old leaf that had been pressed in between the pages.

“Momma, look what I found,” the boy called out.

“What have you got there, dear?” his mother asked.

With astonishment in the young boy’s voice, he answered: “I think it’s Adam’s suit!”

If Students Wrote the Bible Instead of God creating the world in six days and resting on the seventh, He would have put it off until the night before it was due and then pulled an allnighter.

The Last Supper would have been eaten the next morning--cold.

The Ten Commandments would actually be only five--double-spaced and written in a large font.

New edition would be published every two years in order to limit reselling.

Forbidden fruit would have been eaten because it wasn’t cafeteria food.

Paul’s letter to the Romans would become Paul’s email to abuse@romans.gov.

Reason Cain killed Abel: they were roommates.

Reason why Moses and followers walked in the desert for 40 years: they didn’t want to ask directions and look like freshmen.

don’t have the standing to offer any wisdom to the single mother working two jobs. I know very little about the struggles of raising children with serious mental or physical disabilities. I’ll never have to have the kinds of conversations about hatred and vulnerability that every parent of minority or LGBTQ children eventually must.

But still. All ‘veteran’ parents believe we’ve learned a few things and are capable of helping the next wave of parents do it better. It’s one of the essential delusions that come along with parenthood. There’s no sense fighting it.

Childhood is life, not preparation for life

There is a large industry in America devoted to making parents anxious, mainly so they will spend money on products and services that temporarily ease their anxieties.

One recurring theme in that industry’s messaging is preparation.

To pick an example out of a hat, one popular recent parenting book is called “How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of

(Continued)

the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kid for Success”.

Yes, after years of pressuring parents to do more, the parenting industry is now pressuring them to do less.

Either way, the goal is the same: Prepare Your child for Success. Your child must be carefully tended to, exposed to the proper amount and intensity of stimulation, challenged but never discouraged, socialized but also individuated, taught the right skills and sent to the right lessons and schools but definitely not overparented ... all to maximize her chances of Adult Success.

Remember the research, though. Most of your parenting choices pale in significance to who you are, how much money you make, and where you live. Within those parameters, your choices are unlikely to substantially affect your kid’s Adult Success at all. Whether she succeeds as an adult has to do with her genes, her friends, and a whole boatload of luck and circumstance. (To be continued) (Source: Vox:

Science and Health: Most parenting advice is worthless. So here’s some parenting advice, by David Roberts)

STORY TIME

Reflections

The Brahmin’s Dream S

wabhavakripna was a poor Brahmin who lived alone in a small village. He had no friends or relatives, and used to beg for alms for his living. He was also a miser, and kept whatever little food he received as alms in an earthen pot that he hung beside his bed. He kept a watch on the pot, and ate from the pot only when he was very hungry.

One day, he received a large quantity of rice gruel (porridge). He filled his pot with the rice gruel, and ate the remaining. He was so happy to have his pot full; he could not take his eyes off the pot as he lay awake in his bed.

After a long time, he fell asleep and started dreaming about the pot full of rice gruel.

He dreamt that there was a famine in his village. He sold his pot full of rice gruel for hundred silver coins. With this money be bought a pair of goats. His goats gave kids in months and he traded all goats for some buffaloes and cows.

Soon, even the buffaloes and cows gave kids, and they gave a lot of milk.

He started trading milk and milk products like butter and curd in the market.

This way, he became a very rich and popular man.

He kept dreaming that he then bought some horses and a large rectangular house with four buildings.

He became popular, and another wealthy Brahmin was so impressed that he offered his beautiful daughter for marriage. Soon after, they got married in a lavish

ceremony.

His wife gave birth to a son, who was named Soma Sharma. But his son was very naughty. He would play and make noise all day.

One day, the Brahmin asked him to stop but he would not listen. Even his mother could not hear him shout as she was busy with her chores. Swabhavakripna became very angry, he kicked his wife.

As he was in dream, he kicked in air and his leg hit his earthen pot. The pot broke and all the rice gruel spilled down. This woke him up.

At once, he realized that he had been dreaming. He also realized that all the rice gruel he had saved and was happily dreaming about was lost. He was shattered.

The wise indeed say: One should not build castles in the air.

All the hemispheres Leave the familiar for a while.

Let your senses and bodies stretch out Like a welcomed season Onto the meadows and shores and hills.

Open up to the Roof.

Make a new water-mark on your excitement And love.

Like a blooming night flower, Bestow your vital fragrance of Happiness and giving Upon our intimate assembly.

Change rooms in your mind for a day.

All the hemispheres in existence Lie beside an equator In your heart.

Greet Yourself In your thousand other forms As you mount the hidden tide and travel Back home.

All the hemispheres in heaven Are sitting around a fire Chatting While stitching themselves together Into the Great Circle inside of You. Hafiz (14th century Persian poet)

By Grammar G

Pronunciation Problems

W

rong pronunciation usually gives an unflattering perception of yourself to some, and as awful as it seems, even makes you the butt of jokes later on.

In formal situations, speaking correctly makes all the difference in attaining credibility for yourself and your work.

To help, let’s look at a few often mispronounced words; broken down as simply as possible (the phonetic alphabet takes some learning) for your correct pronunciation.

Fist let’s look at the word often; frequently pronounced as it’s spelled: (AWF-TEN or AWF-TUN) but according to

the Cambridge Dictionary, that’s incorrect, and in both British and American English (used today as Standard English) it is pronounced AWFUN – the “t” is silent.

Another mispronounced word is affidavit. Many times it’s heard as “affidavid”; that’s incorrect.

Then there’s Arctic, usually pronounced (AR-TIK). The “c” is not silent so the correct pronunciation is ARK-TIK. A well-known word and pronunciation for a certain piece of furniture is CHESTER DRAWERS or CHESTUH DRAW. In reality there are no such drawers of Chester, and

“Chestuh” doesn’t draw. The correct word/pronunciation is chest of drawers.

The word forte requires an attention to where you are and/or whether you follow British or American language rules (some use both, so it’s not an issue then). British English pronounces the word as FORTAY; American English prefers FORT. Hierarchy is often (remember: AW-FUN) pronounced (HI-ARCHY) but that’s incorrect. The correct pronunciation is HIGHER-ARCHY (hierarchy).

The colour mauve is nei-

ther (MAWVE) nor (MARV) but rather MOWV. It retains its French roots.

You may have heard the word (PARLAMENT) being used; the correct pronunciation for parliament however, is PAR-LUH-MENT (some British speakers prefer PARLEE-MENT) And finally, how did you pronounce pronunciation throughout the article? By now, if you look closely at its spelling, you should realise that (PRONOUNCIATION) is incorrect spelling and pronunciation (PRUH-NUN-C-AYSHUN) of the word.

20 Times Sunday Magazine

AUGUST 23, 2015

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Times Sunday Puzzle

A man stands on one side of a river, his dog on the other. The man calls his dog, which immediately crosses the river without getting wet and without using a bridge or a boat. How did the dog do it? see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

GEOZONE

Earth rocks and the rock cycle

T

he Common Basilisk (Basiliscus basiliscus) is a lizard that is also known as the “Jesus Lizard� because of its ability to run across the surface of water at about 7 mph without sinking.

They would run towards water to escape from predators or to catch prey resting on the water, using this ability to run on its surface. They can also swim but do so only if necessary.

Common Basilisks can be found in Central and South America in bodies of water in the rainforests. They enjoy basking on land in the sun during the day. Fast sprinters, they are also fast and expert climbers, and are often found in trees nearby as well.

Growing to two and a half feet in length (up to 70 per cent of which is the tail), the Common Basilisk is considered a large lizard, larger than most, and can rise up onto their hind legs to outrun predators or while hunting.

The Common Basilisk is an omnivore and consumes a variety of foods such as eggs, fish, insects, flowers, and shrubs.

Colouring Fun

R

ocks on our planet generally come in various shapes and sizes. Scientists have sorted these rocks into three types: Igneous (Volcanic); Metamorphic (Changed) and Sedimentary (Layered).

Igneous (Volcanic) rocks are formed from cooled lava. They may have crystals, air bubbles or a glassy surface. They can also appear hard and dense.

Metamorphic rocks (Changed) are changed by heat and pressure, sometimes split into many layers, with different mineral grains running through

the rock.

Sedimentary rocks (Layered) are often formed from mud or sand settling at the bottom of water. The rock may contain fossils, have wavy horizontal lines, layers, grains you can see, or are dusty.

The rock cycle is the process that makes and recycles rocks. Each of the types of rocks is formed in different ways and each type of rock can be changed into each of the other types of rock.

Most rocks on earth began as igneous rocks.

Hidden Message Word Search Find the words below. When you find all, the hidden message will be revealed

please see solution on page 23

The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all digits 1 through 9.

BAKE BATTER BEAT DOUGH

FLOUR FOLD KNEAD MIX

ROLL STIR WHIP

22 Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Exploring the realms of history, science, nature and technology

By Laurie Triefeldt

Planting trees, flowers or vegetables is a fun and rewarding activity. All you need are a few simple gardening tools, seedlings, seeds or bulbs, along with some good soil, fresh water and some patience — Mother Nature tends to do the rest.

Seeds & seedlings You can plant seeds directly into the garden, or you can start your seeds indoors and transplant them as established seedlings.

Some vegetables, like tomatoes and peppers, take several months to mature from seed, so many gardeners either start their own plants indoors or purchase seedlings from the nursery.

Most seed packages provide information on whether to seed directly in the garden or if they should be started indoors.

Location, location Most plants do best where they get a lot of sunlight, so pick a nice sunny spot for your garden.

A spot facing south is best. Some plants, such as lettuce, Also consider whether the spinach, mustard, garden is near a water impatiens and source and whether you want begonias grow well in shade. to put it where people can enjoy the view.

Preparing the soil Vegetable and flower gardens do best in cultivated soil. Soil needs to be dug up and turned with a shovel, with weeds and rocks removed. Adding compost, humus or manure as a fertilizer will help feed the plants as they grow; this is especially important when growing vegetables. Regularly working the soil and adding organic matter will help drainage and create a rich, loose soil — ­ perfect for growing.

If you are planting in containers, use a goodquality potting soil.

Water Plants need water to grow. When there is not enough rain, it is important to water your plants. But it is just as important not to overwater.

Some plants tell you they need water by looking very sad and limp.

When watering, it is better to thoroughly soak the soil every now and then, rather than frequent, shallow watering. Deep soaking helps the plants’ roots reach deep into the soil. Shallow watering keeps roots close to the surface, leaving the plants susceptible to drought.

Two to four inches of mulch on top of the soil will help keep the moisture in the ground and greatly cut down on how often you need to water.

Pruning sheers are used to deadhead flowers and cut back growth.

Seed coat

Plants start their lives as tiny seeds.

Seed

Germination of a sunflower Seed coat Hypocotyl hook

Embryo

Lateral roots Planted seed

Radicle Hypocotyl

Some tools 2 to 10 days

Wearing gloves while gardening helps protect your hands from dirt and cuts.

A small rake is perfect for clearing the soil of leaf litter and weeds.

A watering can or water hose is a must-have.

The harvest One of the best things about gardening is enjoying the fruits (or flowers) of your labor.

If you have grown too much for your own use, consider giving a flower bouquet or veggie basket to someone who will enjoy it.

Smaller pots tend to need watering more often, as they can dry out quickly.

10 to 14 days

Primary roots

Growth stages Seeds come in many shapes and sizes. Inside a seed is an embryo, which is a tiny plant, and the endosperm, which are small leaves that supply the embryo with food.

Seeds are inside a harder shell, or seed coat, which protects the embryo from injury or drying out.

Photosynthesis

Weeds

Gardening sometimes gets dirty, so it is a good idea to wear clothes that wash easily.

First foliage leaves Cotyledons

As your garden grows, you may notice small leaves sprouting up around your plants. These are probably weeds, which should be pulled before they become well-established. Weeding once a week is a good rule of thumb.

As your garden grows, it will begin to attract insects.

Ladybugs and praying mantises are beneficial garden insects because they eat unwanted garden pests.

The word photosynthesis is derived from the Greek words “photo,” meaning “light,” and “synthesis,” meaning “putting together.” Photosynthesis is how plants eat. Plants breathe in carbon dioxide and use the energy of sunlight and the water absorbed by their roots to produce sugar and oxygen.

Sunlight

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Chloroplasts make leaves green

Humans and other animals do the opposite of photosynthesis: They breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. This is a good example of how we are linked to nature.

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Times Sunday Magazine 23

World Times

M

other Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, on August 26, 1910 in Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of three children born to devout Catholicsof Albanian descent,Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu.

When her fatherNikola died, Gonxha was about eight years old.At the age of 12, Gonxha felt the calling to be a missionary. At 18, she left her parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India.

There she received the name Sister Mary Teresa after St. Thérèse of Lisieux.

After a few months of training at the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, she arrived in India on Jan.6, 1929.

On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, she taught geography and catechism at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta. On May 24, 1937, Sister Teresa made her Final Profession of Vows, becoming, as she said, the “spouse of Jesus” for “all eternity.”

From that time on she was called Mother Teresa.

She continued teaching at St. Mary’s and in 1944 became the school’s principal.

“By blood,” she would later say of herself, “I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my call-

ing, I belong to the world.

As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.”

On Sept.10, 1946 during the train ride from Calcutta to Darjeeling for her annual retreat, Mother Teresa is said to have received her “inspiration,” her “call within a call.”

Over the course of the next weeks and months, by means of interior locutions and visions, Jesus revealed to her the desire of His heart for “victims of love” who would “radiate His love on souls.”

“Come be My light,” He begged her. “I cannot go alone.”

He revealed His pain

Brain Teaser Answer The river was frozen.

SUDOKU

Working among the poor of Calcutta

Mother Teresa (1910-1997)

KID SUDOKU

at the neglect of the poor, His sorrow at their ignorance of Him and His longing for their love. He asked Mother Teresa to establish a religious community, Missionaries of Charity, dedicated to the service of the poorest of the poor.

In 1948, she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta.

On Aug. 17, 1948, she dressed for the first time in a white, blue-bordered sari and passed through the gates of her beloved Loreto convent to enter the world of the poor.

After a short course with the Medical Mission Sisters in Patna, she returned to Calcutta and found temporary lodging with the Little Sisters of the Poor. She started an open-air school for homeless children.

Soon she was joined by voluntary helpers, and received financial support from church organizations and the municipal authori-

ties.

On Oct. 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission from the Vatican to start her own order. The Vatican originally labelled the order the Diocesan Congregation of the Calcutta Diocese, which later came to be known as the "Missionaries of Charity".

The primary task of the Missionaries of Charity was to take care of those persons whom nobody was prepared to look after.

She visited families, washed the sores of children, cared for an old man lying sick on the road and nursed a woman dying of hunger and TB. She started each day in communion with Jesus in the Eucharist and then went out, rosary in her hand, to find and serve Him in “the unwanted, the unloved, the uncared for.”

After some months, she was joined, one by one, by her former students. By the early 1960s, Mother Teresa began to send her Sisters to other parts of India.

The Decree of Praise granted to the Congregation

by Pope Paul VI in February 1965 encouraged her to open a house in Venezuela.

It was soon followed by foundations in Rome and Tanzania and, eventually, on every continent.

Starting in 1980 and continuing through the 1990s, Mother Teresa opened houses in almost all of the communist countries, including the former Soviet Union, Albania and Cuba.

In 1985, Mother Teresa returned to New York after opening her first Americanbased house of charity in 1971. There she spoke at the 40th anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly. She also opened Gift of Love, a home to care for those infected with HIV/ AIDS. Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity Brothers in 1963; the contemplative branch of the Sisters (1976); the Contemplative Brothers (1979), and the Missionaries of Charity Fathers (1984).

She received a number of awards and distinctions, beginning with the Indian Padmashri Award in 1962,

which honoured her work, while an increasingly interested media began to follow her activities.

She received both prizes and attention “for the glory of God and in the name of the poor.” These include the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971), Nehru Prize for Promotion of International Peace & Understanding (1972), Balzan Prize (1978), Nobel Peace Prize (1979) and Bharat Ratna (1980).

On March 13, 1997, Mother Teresa stepped down from the head of Missionaries of Charity, suffering from heart, lung and kidney problems. She died Sept. 5, 1997, just 9 days after her 87th birthday.

She was given the honour of a state funeral by the Government of India and her body was buried in the Mother House of the Missionaries of Charity.

Her tomb quickly became a place of pilgrimage and prayer for people of all faiths, rich and poor alike. She was beatified in October 2003.

THE PHILONOIST

CROSSWORD

A great discovery

Q: When did humans discover that the Earth is round?

I

t is said that the idea of the Earth as round was present since the time of the ancient Greeks, when the Greek mathematician Pythagoras first proposed the notion, sometime around 500 B.C. According to NASA, Pythagoras based his idea on the fact that he showed the Moon must be round by observing the shape of the line between the part of the Moon in light and the part of the Moon in the dark (called the terminator) as it moved through its orbital cycle.

Pythagoras reasoned that if the Moon was round, then the Earth must be round as well.

After that, sometime between 500 B.C. and 430 B.C., another Greek, Anaxagoras, determined the true cause of solar and lunar eclips-

es - and then the shape of the Earth's shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse was also used as evidence

that the Earth was round.

National Geographic notes that around 330 BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle noticed that certain constellations in the southern sky rose higher from the horizon as he travelled south. This could only be possible if the Earth was round.

Contrary to popular belief, Columbus did not set off to prove the Earth was round. He (and most people by then) already knew that the Earth was round; neither he nor any of his crew were afraid of falling off the Earth.

What he didn’t know was the exact circumference of the Earth, which led him to the wrong mathematical assumptions – which in turn led him to the Caribbean.

24

Times Sunday Magazine

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AUGUST 23, 2015

Fun Times

Archie

Remember what your goals were and consider if (March 21April 19) they still hold relevance for you. You can make extra cash by reviving one of your more promising concepts or talents.

ARIES

You will be short-temTAURUS pered today, so find a solitary (April 20- pastime to keep you from sayMay 20) ing or doing something you will regret. Don't share your opinion; it could damage a relationship.

GEMINI Live it up. New acquain(May 21- tances will be blown away by June 20) your irresistible, fun-loving attitude. You will meet someone enticing if you are willing to try something different.

CANCER (June 21July 22)

Neglecting minor health issues is a mistake. Deal with ailments before they escalate into more serious problems.

Keep an eye on your budget.

Financial difficulties will develop.

LEO Good fortune is smiling on (July 23- you today. Love, romance and Aug. 22) social events will be stimulating and energizing. Make the most of your good mood by getting out and enjoying yourself.

Dilbert

If you have been too outVIRGO spoken, make apologies.

(Aug. 23- Remarks told in confidence Sept. 22) will become known if you are indiscreet. Consider the consequence of your words and actions.

LIBRA Call someone you haven't (Sept. 23- spoken to in a while. A reOct. 23) union with old friends will be sure to bring back happy memories and encourage you to reconsider an unmet goal.

Peanuts

Don't get downhearted if SCORPIO (Oct. 24- your progress has been slow.

Nov. 22) Dedication and hard work will ensure that you reach your objectives, but patience and a positive attitude will be necessary.

You will be in the mood to SAGITTARIUS party, but overindulgence and (Nov. 23- overspending must be curbed.

Dec. 21) Moderation is key, and boundaries must be set. Nothing kills a good mood faster than suddenly going into debt.

Calvin and Hobbes

Someone you know will face CAPRICORN difficulties and need your help.

(Dec. 22- Your kindness and considerJan. 19) ation will be appreciated and rewarded in an unusual and unexpected, yet quite felicitous, manner.

Love and romance are in AQUARIUS a high cycle. Do something (Jan. 20Feb. 19) nice for your loved one, or if you are single, participate in social or community events in order to meet someone special.

Loss and confusion are PISCES (Feb. 20- apparent. Keep your money March 20) and assets in a safe place at all times. Don't let down your guard or become distracted.

Be especially wary when traveling.