Guyana Times Sunday Magazine

Sunday October 16, 2016

Times

Star Times Bollywood:

‘Money doesn’t matter’ to Sushant Singh Rajput See story on page 14

Magazine

FREE DISTRIBUTION

Hand-painted elegance

Page 10

2 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Feature

Coconut trees share space with rice fields

By Isahak Basir, CCH

T

he Dutch occupancy of the Pomeroon River in 1620 cultivated an area of 250 square miles on the right bank of the river with cotton andfor a bailing factory, which produced for export and was located parallel to the sea coast of Somerset and Berks.

By 1760, the Dutch abandoned the Pomeroon cultivations, and ownership was succeeded by 40 plus Portuguese families in 1840s, having obtained subvention from the existing government. Those migrants from Madeira were good farmers and economic investors.

They occupied the abandoned cotton estates, which already had a good drainage system and cultivated coconuts and other crops, which fulfilled the needs of the 20 sugar estates on the ‘Arabian Coast’, now Essequibo Coast.

The excess was shipped to Georgetown by sailing boats.

While they renamed most of the estates, some Dutch names,such as Glen Hirst, Aberdeen, Zurich, Caledonia, Muncher, Phoenix Park and Zorg, still exist.

By 1920, indentured labourers from an abandoned sugar plantation on Essequibo kept the coconut estates going in the river.

The coconut industry reached its pinnacle by 1960,

where farmers were given incentives and planting materials per acre, cultivated with coconuts. Cultivation of coconuts excelled in Moruca.

Some names of cultivators are Bolton B. Clarke at “Moruca mouth”, who planted hundreds of acres; the Silvas at Feather Beach; Deleep Sadhu Singh at Shell Beach, and Kairatee, Tiger Benn and Kassim at Better Hope Essequibo, Fear Not, Mainstay and Adventure.

Because of humidity and sub-soil, coconuts did not thrive well in Upper Pomeroon. However, the Basir family cultivated 140 acres of coconut on a flat sand reef, located in Siriki, Upper Pomeroon.

The production of coconuts, coffee and lumber warranted a fortnight steamer service in the Pomeroon district in 1925. The steamer had to anchor at Moruca river mouth to be loaded with copra, cassava products and coffee. R. Stoby and Pereira were the agents in Auero, Moruca.

In the Pomeroon, the steamer was moored at Diamond to be loaded with copra, corn and plantain.

Basil Stoll, Lewis Reberiro, John Vanslutman, Frank Slutman, Alfred Slutman, the Cameroon’s, the Garraway’s, the Benn’s, the Higgin’s cannot be excluded from the production of coconuts and economic survival of the areas.

Coconut trees along Shell Beach

The coconut industry gave rise to porkknocking in Barama, boat building by the Brown’s, and ship building by the Stoll’s. Consequently, a large wooden ship was built in Pomeroon in 1948 by Basil Stoll.

It appears that the Pomeroon farmers cultivated about five varieties of coconut, some of which were brought by islanders who came here

in the early 18th century from St. Lucia, Grenada and Barbados.

The impact of climate change and worker’s migration to the mining areas has had some effect on the industry. The large area of creueda trees and coconut canopy offers a high quality of honey production, with 5 percent less moisture than honey produced in the Caribbean.

After 1990, the coconut industry started to diversify and increase with the construction of the Pomeroon Oil Mill

by Alfro Alphonso, processing copra into coconut oil; also the introduction of a few coconut water processing facilities exporting fresh coconut water to Trinidad and other coun-

tries. Smaller industries include virgin pressed coconut oil and foods such as coconut sugar cakes.

Coconut, with all its byproducts, is conducive to long life. A small piece of dry coconut, well chewed, is said to help bowel movement and is an effective aphrodisiac.

As a coconut farmer, I have learned some interesting facts on coconut cultivation.

In the Pomeroon left bank, coconut life span is shorter than cultivation on right, but produce early bearings.

Ten months of fresh water in Lower Pomeroon between Landship and Still Hope affect coconut trees.

On Shell Beach, coconut trees bear profusely in four

years, but erosion usually washes away dozens of acres of bearing coconuts.Coconuts grown in sand reefs produce in six years smaller ‘trush’, but larger coconuts. Smaller coconut plants on sandy soil are susceptible to beetle invasion. Coconut trees treated with pesticide cause honey bees to enter water containers and usually affect farmers.

Setting a coconut on sandy soil will cause death of the palm; on flat land the palm will survive. Drinking coconut water on the tree and causing some coconut water to fall on the young shoot will cause the palm to die.When there is lightning and thunder storm, stay away from coconut trees.

(Photos by Marco Basir) Isahak cracking coconuts to make copra, which is sold to the Pomeroon oil mill

Coconuts in abundance in the Pomeroon

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

3

Times Feature

O

ctober is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and one of the features of the month is wearing pink ribbons.

But have you ever thought about how pink ribbons came to symbolise breast cancer awareness?

The history of using a ribbon as a token of remembrance can be traced back to the 19th century.

During this time, women may have worn yellow ribbons to remember loved ones serving in the military. Individuals may have started wearing smaller

ribbons as a more portable means of support. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, red ribbons began appearing to support AIDS awareness, and other charitable organisations and endeavours began following suit.

In 1992, Alexandra Penney (then editor-inchief of Self magazine in the US) and Evelyn Lauder (breast cancer survivor and senior corporate vice president of Estée Lauder) teamed up to create a pink ribbon. The Estée Lauder Company went directly to

their makeup counters with 1.5 million ribbons.

Along with those pink ribbons, each woman was given a breast self-exam card, and in return, the company collected more than 200,000 pink ribbon petitions aimed at the White House asking for increased funding for breast cancer research.

This pink ribbon tradition was adopted by breast cancer awareness advocates worldwide, Guyana included.

The pink ribbon, the colour usually associated

Wear a pink ribbon and support activities for breast cancer awareness month

with females, was chosen to symbolise health and has become synonymous with breast cancer awareness. The global awareness that has been raised through the pink ribbon

has helped increase early detection of breast cancer, make women more aware of the importance of doing regular breast self-examinations, and increase funds directed toward finding a cure. The pink ribbon means health, vitality and empowerment of women.

During October, events geared at spreading awareness on breast cancer will be held worldwide.

be a “look good, feel good” event at the Georgetown Public Hospital for women diagnosed with breast cancer. This will be held on October 26 and 27. A candlelight vigil will also be held at Parliament Building on October 28. This is being organised in collaboration with the Ministry of Social Protection.

A breast cancer aware-

The Guyana Cancer Foundation's members wrap trees throughout Georgetown with pink banners in spreading awareness on breast cancer

A puppy dressed in pink during an awareness walk in Georgetown (Guyana Cancer Foundation photo)

Male athletes help in spreading awareness (Guyana Cancer Foundation photo)

In Guyana, various organisations and businesses are teaming up to educate women on prevention of breast cancer and provide support for survivors and families who have lost loved ones to the disease.

The Guyana Cancer Foundation will be hosting its annual Breast Cancer Awareness Crusade Walk on October 22, 2016 from 6a.m. at the Parade Ground, Middle Street, Georgetown. The Foundation’s motto is: “Never Walk Alone...We Save Lives Together”. It encourages: “Walk for a world without breast cancer!” Visit Guyana Cancer Foundation on Facebook for more information.

Additionally, there will

ness walk organized by the Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Social Protection, GPHC, Periwinkle Club and other groups and organizations is slated for October 29.

There are many other activities planned for the remainder of this month in raising awareness on breast cancer; keep reading Guyana Times Newspaper/ Sunday Magazine for more information.

Come out and support these breast cancer awareness activities and wear your pink ribbon with pride, knowing you are playing an essential role in increasing breast cancer awareness and, potentially, saving lives.

4

Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Feature

Dawn’s Educational Foundation Guyana was formed as a way of giving back, with a mission to afford underprivileged students a chance to excel as a way of giving back

Nonieka Daniels

Rayann Hinckson

Melissa Profitt

Olinda Cadogan-Lewis

Simeon Corleone

Annaser Hamilton

n an interview with Sunday Times Magazine Dawn’s Educational Foundation’s initiator Nonieka Daniels mentioned a quote by author Ken Poirot: “There is no greater power and support you can give someone than to look them in the eye and with sincerity/conviction say, ‘I believe in you’.”

Daniels experienced exactly what Poirot spoke about because she had two individuals who believed in her during “the most painful and crucial point” of her life.

“Not only did they express belief in me, they demonstrated this by providing the emotional and financial support I needed at the time. Providing for others what was given to me, or paying it forward, is the basis upon which this Foundation was formed,”

Daniels explained.

At age 15, Daniels’ mother was diagnosed with stage five breast cancer. She revealed they were not wealthy. Her mother was the primary breadwinner of the home. It became even more difficult as “money was a scarce commodity” due to her mother being sick and unable to work, and medical bills and cost of care increased. Daniels disclosed they “had just enough to eat at times”.

Daniels recalled at that time she attended Kingston Assembly of God Church where she met Dianne Wade (now Dianne Hermonstine) who insisted Daniels spend weekends with her as a means of keeping her “focused and out of trouble”. There was also Sister Cummings and her daughter Dawn Cummings (now Dawn Edwards) who

made it their duty to ensure Daniels had everything she needed each week for school.

“One Sunday morning, after church, I was approach by Dawn who enquired about me writing CXC the following year and what it might cost. I was in fourth form. She said: ‘You are smart and you have great potential.’ I wasn’t even thinking about CXC at this time, since the financial difficulties my parents were faced with would not allow for this; and my mother was slowly slipping away. I expressed this to Dawn who insisted that it was essential that I take these exams; she offered to pay so this could be a reality. The following Monday, Dawn came into my school to sign me up for CXC. I subsequently wrote the CXC examinations and was successful. This set me on the career path I now en-

joy. This was as a direct result of someone taking time to support and give me what was needed, which was unavailable to me as a result of my circumstances,” Daniels recalled.

Last November, Daniels visited her former school.

While there, she noticed parents going in and out of the office to sort out CXC fees.

She then overheard one student pleading: “Please mommy.” The mother replied: “I know you can, but I can only afford this amount.”

When the student and her mother left, Daniels enquired about the student’s grades. A teacher described the student as having “great potential”, which reminded Daniels of Dawn’s words in describing her when she was facing similar difficulty in writing her CXC exams.

“I went downstairs to the parent and offered her mon-

ey. She refused because I was a stranger. I then told her my story and, with tears in her eyes, she accepted.

I am proud to report that child got nine grade ones.

After speaking to a friend about my feelings on situations such as these and my dire need to give students a chance like I was given, she decided we should do a car wash, a fundraising event held in May of 2016. This was our first fundraiser and it was an absolute success!”

Daniels reminisced happily.

Dawn’s Educational Foundation Guyana was established in January 2016.

Now, Daniels is on a mission to help students who are excelling academically, but, because of circumstances beyond their parent (s) control, are unable to afford text books, extra lessons and CXC fees.

Presently, six members -

Nonieka Daniels, president; Rayann Hinckson, vice president, Olinda Cadogan – Lewis, secretary; Melissa Profitt, treasurer; Simeon Corleone; assistant treasurer; and Annaser Hamilton, assistant secretary – are all working tirelessly in forwarding the work of the Foundation.

The public can help Dawn’s Educational Foundation by supporting its fundraising activities, donating text books, contributing financially, mentor a student; sponsor a student, provide extra lessons and volunteering. According to Daniels, the Foundation had persons offering support in form of extra lessons, but it lacked accommodation to facilitate these.

“I must mention that the Foundation has received tremendous support from management and staff of the Auditor General’s Office; Camex Guyana; 93.1 Real FM; Dr. Raquel Thomas- Caesar; Cleaners Car Wash and many others. In 2017, we are proudly looking forward to report on our first batch of ten students who were selected from ten secondary schools around Georgetown sitting their CSEC examinations,” Daniels declared.

Dawn’s Educational Foundation’s main focus is to “expand its aid to all students of Guyana, to reach every student that fit our cause and to assist with tertiary education as well”.

To find out how you can help, visit Dawn’s Educational Foundation Guyana on Facebook or email dawns.guyana@ gmail.com or call 652-7955.

I

Help the Foundation by supporting its upcoming fundraising event

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 5

Times Women

Jennita Bhagwandin is a 24-year-old who is redefining the local aviation system by assuming roles once dominated by males.

Notably, she is the youngest licensed female air traffic controller in Guyana ing presence, taking charge, being very confident and so forth are all things that are basically required to be a successful air traffic controller. Being a female in this environment means you have to mentally be ten times stronger and able to

J

ends, and nights. Be an assertive person with good common sense and thinking abilities. It's a hugely rewarding career, so go for it.

I think aviation is the greatest industry you can ever get involved in,” she encouraged.

She is also thankful to her family, to whom she referred to as her “biggest supporters”, especially her parents.

“Without family and trust in God nothing is possible. Air traffic control courses reveal strengths and weaknesses you never

At her desk at Eugene F. Correia International Airport

ennita Bhagwandin graduated from Brickdam Secondary School in 2008 and is currently pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Management. She started working with the Guyana Civil Aviation Authority in 2009 as an Aeronautical Information Services Officer (AISO), which is one of the least known careers in aviation, but plays a critical role in the daily operations.

The objective of the AISO is to ensure the flow of information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation.

In addition to being an AISO, Jennita was trained to work as an air traffic control assistant. She attended classroom sessions for about four months where she was tested weekly and was required to obtain a minimum of 70 percent.

This is followed by another four-month period (depending on the amount of persons in the batch) of on-the-job training, which is concluded by a practical test. Air traffic control assistants are trained for a longer period, but use the same principles.

Today she works as an air traffic controller at the Eugene F. Correia International Airport.

“People come to this career [air traffic control] from all kinds of backgrounds. So while you may have knowledge or experience of aviation, it’s by no means essential. It’s the kind of job in which your attitude and aptitude is far more important than your specific background. I always had an interest in aviation, particularly flying, which unfor-

tunately is very expensive.

Growing up in the city it was rare to hear or even get a glimpse of an aircraft flying over Georgetown, which I now know why (to reduce noise abatement- they have to fly at specific altitudes and along designated routes). My mom is the one who would actually race to the nearest door or window when she heard the sound of a plane, and as a toddler I’d run behind her just to catch a glimpse. That habit lingers to this day,” Jennita recalled in an interview with Sunday Times Magazine.

Jennita was introduced to air traffic control by one of its senior officers, Mr. Clifford Vandoimen, to whom she is “very grateful”.

She pointed out that her love for air traffic control and the satisfaction of making a difference are mostly what keeps her hooked. Jennita added that the “views from the air traffic control towers in Guyana are phenomenal” and the fact that her “job isn’t routine” makes her appreciate and love it even more.

“I love the fact that my job is fast paced and keeps me on my toes, because a single mistake could mean life or death. Hence, I need to always stay sharp and focused. It's tough to pinpoint a particular highlight because aviation is constantly changing. Successfully handling an unusual situation is a pretty amazing feeling,” the air traffic controller revealed.

The main responsibilities of air traffic controllers are to provide air traffic services in order to prevent collisions between aircraft; prevent collisions between aircraft on the on the ground

and obstructions in that area; expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic; provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights; notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as necessary.

“Challenges we face are all day, every day. The job itself is challenging and not everyone is cut out to deal with that high stress level.

I overcome most of it by understanding and accepting the consequences of making a mistake and failing to correct it in time. Partially, though, this has to do with the job itself. Attributes such as being a command-

Jennita Bhagwandin (centre) with colleagues

take criticisms calmly. My advice for those who want to pursue this career is to be ready to dedicate your time to your job as it is a 24/7 career, and you're likely to work many holidays, week-

Jennita would like to thank her instructors Mr. Courtney Frank and Mr. Colin Johashen who have guided her along the way and pushed her “to keep going when things get tough”.

knew existed. Knowing at the end of the shift I've kept hundreds and sometimes thousands of people safe is an indescribable feeling that air traffic controllers enjoy,” she declared.

6 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Book World The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

‘The Asylum Journal’ and mental health

Grieve's accommodation on the asylum’s grounds

By Petamber Persaud

S

ince the late 1870s, the issue of mental health in Guyana was placed on the front burners when methods new to this country were instituted by a young enterprising scientist, resulting in a success story which ought to resonate in today’s public health discourse with all its concomitant afflictions of mortal man including suicide which is now a major socioeconomic concern.

The name of that remarkable man is Dr Robert Grieve who graduated in medicine at age twenty-two and went on to be labelled an “Apostle of Science”. He “enjoyed in his lifetime a

justifiable reputation as one of the most progressive and insightful figures in the medical profession of British Guiana”. And that means quite a lot at a time when Guyana was on the periphery of medical research.

When Grieve was appointed medical superintendent of the Public Lunatic Asylum in Canje, Berbice in 1875, he revolutionized the local treatment of mental illness, employing methods already tried and tested, that had become standard treatment in England and Europe.

Some elements of this new humanitarian regime included non-resistance, and the abandonment of solitary isolation, decorated

wards, adequate nutrition, and regular doses of amusement and productive labour as occupational therapy.

It would be useful to get a glimpse of the situation before Grieve’s intervention in order to really appreciate the new methods. The introduction of this twovolume publication, written by Letizia Gramaglia of Warwick University, is very helpful here in providing a background to the outdated, inhumane practices and indifferent attitude to mental health which was at the time still on the periphery of public health concern.

In 1842, a very rudimentary institution was established for the care of local ‘insane’. But it soon

proved to be unsatisfactory. After much delay, a new location was selected close to the General Hospital in Georgetown in 1859. After the hygienic condition of this other establishment failed to meet acceptable standards, a new permanent site was established just outside of New Amsterdam, adjacent to the Berbice Hospital, sometime around 1867.

This new permanent site did not, however, translate into new treatment, for at least another eight years. In fact, it was the order of the day where “obsolete and detrimental methods of therapy were firmly and consistently enforced at the Asylum; some of the patients were locked up in cells for extensive periods of time and numerous forms of physical restraint (including canvas jackets, leather straps and iron handcuffs) were regularly used to manage and control”. So when Grieve took charge of the institution housing 180 patients, “the majority…showed signs of malnutrition and abuse”.

Straightway, he started mending and amending, according a few truisms printed on his mind. Like “the conditions surrounding the patients have all of them an influence”, “[n]o one will undergo the trouble necessarily involved in the adornment of rooms, and remain indifferent to those occupying them”, and “[g]iven the rags, the straw, and the chains of Bedlam a hundred years ago and you obtain corresponding conduct, that of wild beasts”.

So he painted the walls in bright colours mounting on them mirrors, pictures, statuary and flowers, and dressed the inmates well especially when preparing them for their fortnightly dances and practice dance sessions. All of these things increased the trust and respect of the inmates, their relatives/guardians and other stakeholders towards the institution.

However, all of the above

Robert Grieve(1839-1906)

manifestations and goodwill were not possible if Grieve was content to hide his light under the bushel. This was effected when Grieve decided to collect and publish his findings – everything to do with the running of the asylum in a monthly magazine labelled“The Asylum Journal”, out of which came this two-volume publication of the same name.

This is how the introduction describes the journal: Its format aspired to be professional, yet highly accessible, offering a well thought combination of scientific and practical information; each issue opens with one or more thematic articles, followed by an overview of the life of the institution and by a detailed account of the Asylum’s industrial and financial activities for the month…Grieve recorded not only the number of patients monthly admitted, dead and discharged, but also their sex, age, race, occupation, religion and place of birth. Drawing on these figures, the doctor

made some fundamental observations on the etiology of madness in the colony.

Interestingly, 120 copies of the journal were regularly printed and distributed locally and abroad.

Grieve confessed that he set out to do the journal to make members of the legislature more aware of the happenings in such a remote area that they rarely visited and more so due to his distaste for intellectual inertia which he “condemned as one of the highest faults of colonial life in the topics”.

In his introduction to the paper, Grieve expressed the hope that it would be valuable to the “statesman as well as to the student of psychological medicine”.

The journal is a fascinating read that ought to resonate in today’s public health discourse.

“The Asylum Journal” was reprinted by the Caribbean Press in 2010.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com

Volumes One and Two of “The Asylum Journal”

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 7

Times Heritage

Part III

B

ritish historian James Rodway (1848 -1926) wrote regularly about the colony of British Guiana, from which today we are able to learn of many aspects of our early history.

One such is the story behind the names of the plantations of the day that have now become our towns, villages and neighbourhoods; many others which may also be lost to time and memory. Here is an edited excerpt of his essay entitled, “The Names of

our Plantations”, published in the Timehri: the journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana (1911).

The pioneer was a fortune seeker; like gamblers he often invoked the fickle goddess, hence Fortuin, Goed Fortuin and destiny (Le Destin). When fortune smiled he got La Petite Fortune, a tiny fortune, and when she frowned he asked " Why does fortune turn?"

(Hoe draait het Fortuin?).

The project was doubtful an Adventure, a Chance, a

Speculation, an Enterprise (Onderneeming). By chance (Bijgeval) it might be a lucky adventure (L’Heureuse Adventure), a Lucky Hit on a Lucky Spot. Perhaps the Bachelor's Adventure was to gain a Lovely Lass, if La Jalousie were absent.

He had a good intention (La Bonne Intention) and was therefore entitled to hope for The Best; hence Hope, Good Hope, Better Hope, Pleasing Hope, New Hope, Fitz's Hope, Baillie’s Hope and Sophia’s Hope; Hope and Experiment prob-

Plantation Le Resouvenir (circa early 19th century)

Peter's Hall Sugar Estate, East Bank Demerara n.d. (R. P. Kaps, Jeweller, High Street, Georgetown)

Public Hospital, New Amsterdam, British Guiana (The 'Berbice Gazette' Store)

Plantation Vreed en Hoop (Peace and Hope)

ably represents an amalgamation.

Emblems of hope are Sheet Anchor, Aurora, Rising Sun and the dawn (Dageraad). It might be a mere bagatelle (La Bagatelle), of little consideration (Kortberaad), a Cottage, still it was a Prospect, a resource (La Resource), an Expectation, it might prove a Mainstay, a benefit (Le Bienfait) and furnish a Supply. Faith was wanted and we have De Ridder’s Faith. Profit must be gained Now or Never.

Some were probably refugees, perhaps they had suffered for conscience' sake or left Europe to get more freedom. Guiana was to them a refuge (Toevlugt) a retreat La Reduit and La or Ma Retraite, the desired haven (Le Desir), a restingplace (Mon Repos). One had gained freedom (Vryheid), another enjoyed freedom's delight (Vryheid's Lust),

peace and hope Vreed-enhoop, peace and friendship (Vreed-en-Vriendschap), or peace and rest Vreed- en Rust; at last he was safe at liberty (Wel te Vrede) and in a Sanctuary. The other side is perhaps hinted by the name Siberia (a banishment).

The grant might be a treasure (Mon Bijou), unrivalled (Nonpareil, a Diamond, a pearl (De Parel), a Ruby, or a chalcedony (Calcedonie) [type of quartz]. Possibly the bush would turn out to be a Golden Grove, an El Dorado, a new Potosi. It would be a beautiful abode (Beau Sejour), an Arcadia; it might bear The Bell. One pioneer was in search of the Golden Fleece and another of a Silver Fleece.

True it was now hardly worth considering (Kortheraad), however it was useful and quiet (Utile et Paisible), — small and

clean (Klyn en Rhyn), it was bought in Good Faith.

Of course there must be uncertainty (L' Incertitude), it would be good or better for waiting (Goedverwagting and Beterverwagting), it was only tolerable (La Raisonable), it required Patience (Patientia).

However, there was a good intention (La Bonne Intention) and Good Intent, although perhaps it had not been a good choice; the unexpected (L'Inattendu and Onverwagt) might happen and Expectation be justified. It was a thorn tree (Doornboom), but there were roses (Doorn en Roos), and it might become Rose Hall; a spoonful of courage was necessary (Schepmoed).

A Solitude where the occupier would be a hermit (Klyzenaar) it was nevertheless a resource (La Resource).

(TO BE CONTINUED)

8 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Travel & Tourism Benab and church in Kumu

‘G

uyana Nice Bad’ page on Facebook is not only a forum for promoting tourism in Guyana, but seeks to help Guyanese who cannot afford expensive tour packages,to travel to far-flung destinations in their homeland.

Notably, the ‘Guyana Nice Bad’ initiative strongly supports small craft and food businesses that sell local crafts and creole food. Operators of this tour group coordinate basic, affordable camps, instead of staying at expensive hotels/guesthouses. Tents and sleeping bags are located in safe and secure environments, transportation is provided using the members’ vehicles and food is

Kumu Falls, located about 30 miles away from the town of Lethem

Swimming at Hosororo Falls, Region One

Taking a selfie on Schomburgk's Peak, Kanuku Mountains

Heading to Kwatamang Village, North Rupununi

cooked instead of bought. These thrifty activities help tourists to enjoy the adventures and not have to worry about expenses while on the trips.

‘Guyana Nice Bad’ plans day tours around Georgetown, West Bank/West Coast, and Berbice. Trips to Lethem, Annai, Mabaruma, Kanuku Mountains and Mabaruma/North West are also offered.

Sunday Times Magazine features this week some breath-taking scenes captured on the adventures offered by ‘Guyana Nice Bad’.

More of these can be seen on the ‘Guyana Nice Bad’page on Facebook.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

T

axing sugary drinks can lower consumption and reduce obesity, type 2 diabetes and tooth decay, says a new WHO report.

Fiscal policies that lead to at least a 20% increase in the retail price of sugary drinks would result in proportional reductions in consumption of such products, according to the report titled “Fiscal policies for Diet and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs)”.

Reduced consumption of sugary drinks means lower intake of “free sugars” and calories overall, improved nutrition and fewer people suffering from overweight, obesity, diabetes and tooth

decay.

Free sugars refer to monosaccharides (such as glucose or fructose) and disaccharides (such as sucrose or table sugar) added to foods and drinks by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices, and fruit juice concentrates.

Obesity on the rise

“Consumption of free sugars, including products like sugary drinks, is a major factor in the global increase of people suffering from obesity and diabetes,” says Dr Douglas Bettcher, Director of WHO’s Department for the Prevention of NCDs. “If governments tax prod-

Obesity and overweight

O

besity is preventable; yet worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since 1980.

In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these over 600 million were obese. Thirty-nine per cent of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2014, and 13 per cent were obese.

Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Fortyone million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2014.

What is overweight and obesity?

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.

Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults.

It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2).

For adults, WHO defines overweight as a BMI greater than or equal to 25, and obesity asa BMI greater than or equal to 30.

BMI provides the most useful populationlevel measure of overweight and obesity as it is the same for both sexes and for all ages of adults.

However, it should be considered a rough guide because it may not correspond to the same degree of fatness in different individuals.

For children, age needs to be considered when defining overweight and obesity.

In 2014, an estimated 41 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings.

In Africa, the number of children who are overweight or obese has nearly doubled from 5.4 million in 1990 to 10.6 million in 2014.

Nearly half of the children under 5 who were overweight or obese in 2014 lived in Asia.

Overweight and obesity are linked to more deaths worldwide than underweight. Globally there are more people who are obese than underweight – this occurs in every region except parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

Cause of obesity and overweight

The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.

Globally, there has beenan increased intake of

energy-dense foods that are high in fat; andan increase in physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization.

Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the result of environmental and societal changes associated with development and lack of supportive policies in sectors such as health, agriculture, transport, urban planning, environment, food processing, distribution, marketing, and education.

Common health consequences of overweight and obesity

Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such ascardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and stroke), which were the leading cause of death in 2012;diabetes;musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis – a highly disabling degenerative disease of the joints);some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon).

The risk for these noncommunicable diseases increases, with increases in BMI. Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death and disability in adulthood. But in addition to increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects. (WHO)

ucts like sugary drinks, they can reduce suffering and save lives. They can also cut healthcare costs and increase revenues to invest in health services.”

In 2014, more than 1 in 3 (39 per cent) adults worldwide aged 18 years and older were overweight. Worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1980 and 2014, with 11 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women (more than half a billion adults) being classified as obese.

In addition, an estimated 42 million children aged under 5 years were overweight or obese in 2015, an increase of about 11 million during the past 15 years. Almost half (48 per cent) of these children lived in Asia and 25 per cent in Africa.

In Latin America, 20 per cent to 25 per cent of young people under 19 are overweight or obese, and in the United States, a third of youths between 6 and 19 years fall into these categories. To combat this epidemic in children and adolescents, member countries of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Regional Office for the Americas of WHO, in 2014 agreed to apply fiscal policies such as taxes on sugarsweetened beverages and ultra-processed (junk) foods, to regulate advertising and food labelling, and to increase physical activity and improve meals in school environments, among other measures.

The number of people living with diabetes has also been rising, from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The disease was directly responsible for 1.5 million deaths in 2012 alone.

Need to reduce sugar intake

“Nutritionally, people don’t need any sugar in their diet. WHO recommends that if people do consume free sugars, they keep their intake below 10 per cent of their total energy needs, and reduce it to less than 5 per cent for additional health benefits. This is equivalent to less than a single serving (at least 250 ml) of commonly consumed sugary drinks per day,” says Dr Francesco Branca, Director of WHO’s Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.

According to the new WHO report, national dietary surveys indicate that drinks and foods high in free sugars can be a major source of unnecessary calories in people’s diets, particularly in the case of children, adolescents and young adults.

It also points out that some groups, including people living on low incomes, young people and those who frequently consume unhealthy foods and beverages, are most responsive to changes in prices of drinks and foods and, therefore, gain the highest health benefits.

Using fiscal policies to reduce consumption

Fiscal policies should target foods and beverages for which healthier alternatives are available, the report adds.

The report presents outcomes of a mid-2015 meeting of global experts convened by WHO and an investigation of 11 recent systematic reviews of the effectiveness of fiscal policy interventions for improving

diets and preventing NCDs and a technical meeting of global experts. Other findings include: Subsidies for fresh fruits and vegetables that reduce prices by 10–30 per cent can increase fruit and vegetable consumption.

Taxation of certain foods and drinks, particularly those high in saturated fats, trans fat, free sugars and/ or salt appears promising, with existing evidence clearly showing that increases in the prices of such products reduces their consumption.

Excise taxes, such as those used on tobacco products, that apply a set (specific) amount of tax on a given quantity or volume of the product, or particular ingredient, are likely to be more effective than sales or other taxes based on a percentage of the retail price.

Public support for such tax increases could be increased if the revenue they generate is earmarked for efforts to improve health systems, encourage healthier diets and increase physical activity.

A number of countries have taken fiscal measures to protect people from unhealthy products. These include Mexico, which has implemented an excise tax on non-alcoholic beverages with added sugar, and Hungary, which has imposed a tax on packaged products with high sugars, salt or caffeine levels.

Countries, such as the Philippines, South Africa and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have also announced intentions to implement taxes on sugary drinks.(WHO)

10 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Fashion

Hand-painted elegance D esigner Marcie De Santos recently launched her ready-towear evening outfits collection, and it’s fabulous!

In an interview with Sunday Times Magazine, the designer said that each fashionable piece is “skilfully handpainted to tell a different story”. She added that this collection caters to “women between the ages of 25 to 65 who desire to look and feel fabulous and stand out for the right reasons”.

These chic designs are made to order only and can be made available in a variety of colours.

Marcie prides herself in the uniqueness of the colour blends that she utilises. Her focus is mainly women whose desire is to exude femininity in unique, exuberant, eye-catching styles.

For appointment, call 685-4545 or visit MARSAE by: Marcie De Santos on Facebook for more information.

Designer Marcie De Santos showcasing her recent pieces

Sunday Times Magazine 11 OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Star Times Hollywood

H

arry Edward Styles, born February 1, 1994, is an English singer and songwriter.

He is known as a member of the boy band One Direction. He made his debut as a singer with his band White Eskimo. In 2010, Styles auditioned as a solo artist for the British television series The X Factor. After being eliminated as a solo performer, Styles was brought back into the competition, along with four other contestants, to form the group that would later become known as One Direction.

Since joining One Direction, Styles, along with bandmates Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson, has released five commercially successful albums, performed on two worldwide tours, and won several awards, including five Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. In addition to singing, Styles has also appeared in television and film, including the Nickelodeon series “iCarly” and the concert film “One Direction: This Is Us”. In June 2016, it was reported by Billboard that Styles had signed a 3-album solo recording deal with Columbia Records, the same label behind One Direction.

Styles will make his feature film acting debut in the war drama “Dunkirk” in July 2017.

12 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Hollywood

Malik announces fashion Drake shares cryptic Zayn line with Donatella Versace message on Instagram Z

I

s this Drake's message for Rihanna after their breakup? Following report that the pair had called it quits again, the Canadian rapper took to Instagram on Tuesday night, October 11 to share a cryptic post which everyone believed was about his on-and-off girlfriend.

Drizzy uploaded on the

social media a black-andwhite picture of him sitting in a car while holding a bottle of what appears to be alcohol. "Too mix up in drama to free my mind but I'm praying for you even in your darkest times," he wrote in the caption.

Drake and Rihanna, who have been friends and col-

laborators for years, rekindled their romance a few months ago. He then declared his love for her while presenting the Bajan beauty with an award at last August's MTV VMAs. However, E! News reported earlier this week that the pair were no longer an item and that Drake had been hooking up with Instagram model India Love. "Rihanna and Drake are seeing other people at the moment.

They are not exclusive anymore," a source told the publication. "They still love each other, but their schedules have gotten in the way."

Meanwhile, another report by PEOPLE claimed that the pair were still together. But a source told the site that "[their relationship's] an open thing."

(AceShowbiz)

Michael Jackson is Forbes' ‘Highest-Paid Dead Celebrity’

S

even years after his death, Michael Jackson is still making money. He even made a lot this year to top Forbes' list of highest-paid dead celebrities, beating out other iconic superstars like Elvis Presley and Prince.

According to “Forbes”, Jackson earned an impressive US$825 million in 2016 thanks in large part to his investment in the Sony/ ATV music publishing catalog, which is known for its The Beatles songs. He originally paid US$47.5 million in 1985 to buy the catalog. Sony, which paid him

US$115 million for a 50/50 partnership, then purchased the late singer's half for US$750 million earlier this year.

"Jackson's total pre-

tax payday of US$825 million ranks as the biggest annual haul by any celeb dead or alive," said Forbes.

(AceShowbiz)

ayn Malik is trying his hand at fashion designing. The former One Direction member has announced collaboration with Donatella Versace for a capsule collection of men's and women's clothing for Versus under the ZAYN X VERSUS. It will debut in May 2017. The "Pillowtalk" singer will also star in two campaigns for the brand next year.

"I think Versus has always been a very cool brand.

It's a great brand for me and for people in my generation.

I've always wanted to design clothes, and there's no brand I'd rather design for than Versus. The bonus is that I get to collaborate with Donatella, whom I love and admire. I know we'll create something amazing," he said.

"Zayn is one of the most

exciting personalities on the world stage right now. When we first met, he told me how much he loves fashion. I thought it would be fantastic to collaborate on a new Versus collection together. And, given ZAYN's huge fan base around the world, I expect there will be a lot of excitement about what we

create together," Donatella added.

After leaving 1D, Zayn Malik has been busy with his solo career as a singer.

He also will produce a boyband drama series inspired by his own experience.

(AceShowbiz)

Demi Lovato ‘most fearless advocate’ for mental health issues

D

emi Lovato continues to be as outspoken as ever about mental health reform, and with her new role as coowner of an L.A.-area addiction and wellness treatment center, the singer is hoping to bring her impact abroad.

“Out of any star I’ve ever worked with and helped, she is the most fearless advocate for helping people,” Mike Bayer, who founded CAST Centers (the facility Lovato co-owns) after overcoming his own struggle with addiction, tells PEOPLE exclusively about the singer. “She has a point of view that may not be popular and a lot of times people may be critical of that, but she’s doing what she believes is right.”

Lovato — who has been open about her bipolar disorder diagnosis and her struggles with addiction, cutting and eating disorders — first met Bayer years ago when she hit rock bottom.

“Initially the relationship was out of helping her, and then the relationship became about friendship,” says Bayer. “Then it became about how we have similar beliefs and visions of how to help change the world.

We’re both super passionate about helping people.”

During Lovato and Nick Jonas’ Future Now Tour, Bayer traveled around the country with the entertainers for the CAST Centers on Tour Experience, during which celebrities and other influencers opened up about their own experiences in front of an intimate group.

“Every time we did one of these, the feed-

back was so incredible,” says Bayer. The next step is for Lovato and Bayer to help make a “bigger impact” in countries where there’s no mental health care or services for women. And with Lovato’s direct involvement with CAST Centers, he hopes the stigma surrounding mental health issues and addiction will be broken down.

“It brings [these issues] into pop culture,” says Bayer of the “Confident” singer’s impact. “Mental health needs to be perceived the same as physical health. You look at pop culture, and it’s often ‘How to look great in a bikini by summer.’ There’s a lot of focus on the outside instead of on the inside, so breaking the stigma is about it being cool and welcoming to work on yourself.”

(PEOPLE)

Beyoncé, Blue Ivy share sweetest moment on Instagram

B

eyoncé and Blue Ivy were giving serious mother-daughter goals over the weekend. Posing in a series of seriously cute Instagram snaps, the duo looked pretty damn fabulous.

Dressed in Gucci, the pair appeared to have coordinated their outfits, in matching pink accents and designer bags.

Beyoncé opted for a candy stripe, metallic calflength skirt with a pink biker jacket and Blue Ivy, four, went for a metallic mini skirt, pink Converse and an embellished denim jacket. (Glamour)

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

A

myra Dastur, born May 7, 1993, is an Indian film actress.

She made her Bollywood debut in“Issaq”, opposite PrateikBabbar. She started her career at the age of 16 as a model in few commercials. She was seen in Mukesh Bhatt's sci-fi thriller “Mr. X” alongside Emraan Hashmi. The actress is currently filming for “Kung Fu Yoga”, an upcoming multi-lingual (Chinese-Indian) action-adventure comedy film with Hollywood Chinese actor Jackie Chan in the lead role.

14 Sunday Times Magazine Times Bollywood

‘Money doesn’t matter’ to Sushant Singh Rajput

F

rom theatre to TV to films, actor Sushant Singh Rajput has earned fame as well as big bucks. But money doesn’t matter to the 30-year-old, just his skill does.

“The equation I share with the camera doesn’t change whether you place a camera in front of me or a live audience. Just the pay cheques differ. But that doesn’t matter to me because I’ve so much money, I don’t even think about it.

It’s just lying there. If I get bored, I’ll buy a very expensive bike that I don’t (even) need,” says Sushant, who, however, agrees that it wasn’t always this way.

“Of course, money was a big differentiator when I was growing up but I made sure it doesn’t stay that way,” adds Sushant, whose last film, the biopic on cricketer MS Dhoni did well at the box-office. He’s happy it helped him reach out to the masses.

“I was always confident, and chose all of my six films carefully from the many offers I got. But with this film reaching the masses, if I probably

do a (film like) “Detective ByomkeshBakshy!” again, more people will watch it.

(And) If it doesn’t happen, I can always go back to plays,” says the actor, who dabbled in theatre for five years before foraying into TV. “People assume that actors working in films won’t have the time to do theatre. But I make sure that whenever I’m free, I watch a play. In the last week of promotions of “Dhoni”, Ekjute, my theatre group, was celebrating 35 years so I went there. I’ve learnt everything about acting from there so I’d love to (go back to it),” he says.

Sushantbroke up with his girlfriend of six years, actor AnkitaLokhande, this March. He never spoke about his break-up and refuses to give any importance to gossip. “I was in a relationship and people would constantly talk about it. What people think of me doesn’t affect me. As bizarre as it sounds, I don’t have a Google alert on my phone, I don’t read newspapers and I don’t watch television. If something important happens, I will get to know about it”, he says.

(Hindustan Times)

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Tom Hanks: ‘Indian movies for us were Big B beating up bad guys’

M

egastar Amitabh Bachchan “running around in his glasses and beating up bad guys” long stayed with Tom Hanks and defined the world of Indian cinema for him. The Oscar-winning actor says the vast expanse of Indian cinema and different storytelling techniques still remain a mystery for the West, with only Bollywood making inroads abroad.

“For a lot of years, Indian movies for us were Big B running around in his glasses and beating up bad guys or midgets and stuff like that. We didn’t quite understand what was going on.

If everyone starts speaking

the common language of cinema, it will start representing itself,” said Hanks.

The actor said “it is only a matter of time” till the varied Indian stories spin their way to the West. “Like the cinema from Japan and China have impacted the

entire cinematic narrative of the West like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon by Ang Lee. Those guys are working in American films now. The fact is that we have not just been able to see films outside of Bollywood for whatever reason, or outside Satyajit

Ray’s films. But it is only a matter of time because people in the United States see everything...All you have to do is be available,” he added.

Hanks has worked with Indian star Irrfan Khan in his forthcoming Sony Pictures Entertainment’s film “Inferno”. And he says he is open to attaching his star power to any Indian project, but would not do it “just to break into the marketplace”.

But Hanks will not be seen as a super spy climbing on the roof of TajMahal or doing stunts on helicopters, he’d rather do a film on “stereotypes of public life in India”.(Hindustan Times)

Sonakshi Sinha transformed into an action star

S

onakshi Sinha left a solid impression on moviegoers as well as actors who are known for their action films with her avatar in “Akira”. Her tough role received praise from Akshay Kumar and Ajay Devgn.

Now, the actor is grabbing eyeballs for her next project, a sequel to “Force” (2011), in which she is paired opposite John Abraham.

Sonakshi is kicked about her new look and style. “I am thrilled with the compliments that are flowing in.

It feels like the hard work

is paying off. I have always been an athletic person, but getting to do this on screen is engaging and challenging for me. It’s great when you learn something new and get to execute it in a film,” she says.

In fact, her new movie’s action director, Khecha (from Bangkok, Thailand), was so impressed with the “action-packed trailer” of “Akira” that he included her in an action scene that was originally supposed to feature Johnonly.

“I was surprised (on being included in the scene).

Changing an entire scene to

incorporate an actor on the day it’s being shot is something rare. It was the biggest compliment to my action

skills. John was impressed, and so was Khecha,” says Sonakshi.

(Hindustan Times)

Deepika: ‘Stigma key reason why mental health issues not being addressed’

S

tigma attached to mental illness is the main reason why the society is struggling to address the

problem, Bollywood actor DeepikaPadukonerecently said.

The 30-year-old actress, who herself battled depression, was speaking here at the launch of a nationwide campaign to bring awareness about psychological disorders.

“It is important to realise that the kind of society we live in today, we have become very competitive, and drilled into it, which is a good thing, but, I also think, we have become a little less sensitive to people around us...No one should feel that they do not belong to society,” she said.

She said the day we manage to get over this and bring awareness, we will “win this battle”.

The campaign has been jointly launched by Indian Psychiatric Society, Indian Medical Association and Deepika’s Bengaluru-based non-profit foundation, the Live Love Laugh Foundation (TLLLF), under which they would develop outreach programmes to highlight the urgent mental health challenges that India faces.

Sharing her personal struggle with depression, Deepika broke down during the function, and said, it is important that there is

a supporting ecosystem of family and friends that allows the suffering person to cope with the disorder with hope and dignity.

Deepika, who recently become the brand ambassador of the Indian Psychiatric Society, said the campaign was dedicated to all those people who have survived mental illness.

India is home to the largest number of mental health patients in the world with at least 50 million people suffering from depression at any one point in time, according to the society’s President Dr G Prasad Rao. (IANS)

Aishwarya: ‘Aaradhya keeps the child in me alive’

A

ishwarya Rai Bachchan has said that her daughter Aaradhya is an angel who keeps the child in her alive.

The 42-year old, who welcomed her daughter in 2011, awakened the darling mommy within her when asked about her baby, reports Pinkvilla.

“Being girlish is easy. Having a lovely little girl like Aaradhya in my life, that angel keeps the child in me alive. I will forever be grateful to God for this blessing called Aaradhya in my life,” she said at a recent event.

Saying she did not quite attribute looks to that as it is not the way she viewed life, the 1994 Miss World added that life is about “who we are and who we become”, thanks to our experiences.

“By far, the most precious experience has been of Aaradhya and I will be grateful to God,” she delighted.

The “Devdas” actor recently received the Outstanding Celebrity Woman of the Year award and featured among Outlook Business’ current year’s 19 outstanding women.(Hindustan Times)

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

15

Times Trends

Trending NOW

Star of the week

The Corset Braid

A

pparently, the hottest with ribbon as you would the must-have hairdo right now waist-cinching garment. is corset braids. The look Take your braid from basic to consists of lacing up dual plaits trendy with these new plaits.

Christmas tree corset braids for the upcoming holiday season

J

ay Ramcharran is a 19-year-old from Corentyne, Berbice with big dreams of modelling on international runways. Jay attended J. C. Chandisingh Secondary and is currently employed as an internal auditor at National Hardware LTD. He has been a fashion model for over a year, and has walked the local runway for big names in the local fashion industry such as Nelsion Nurse, Meleesa Payne, Sharon Gittens, Alexander DaSilva and Delhi Designs. Jay enjoys rehearsals, the adrenaline rush before he hits the runway, and meeting new personalities within the fashion industry. “The only challenge about being a male model is staying away from candy,” he quips. Other than modelling, Jay is passionate about volunteering with various youth groups, including Prevention of Teenage Suicide and Guyana International Volunteer Effort. His plans are to further his studies as an auditor and to “walk on every single runway in the world”. Presently, Jay is a competitor in Guyana Fashion Week’s Model Image Competition. The competition finals are slated for Nov. 6, 2016.

16 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Art

T

he E R Burrowes School of Art was founded in 1975 by the late Director of Culture, the polymath Dr. Denis Williams (d. 1998), artist, art educator, pioneer archaeologist and anthropologist. The institution was from the onset modelled on the British curriculum of formal art training.

Founded after Guyana became independent in 1966 and a Republic in 1970, and also after the ground-breaking Caribbean Festival of Arts (Carifesta) in 1972 that was held in Guyana, the school was a timely addition to the cultural life of a young nation.

It was by no accident that the Burrowes School of Art came into being. Its predecessor is the Working Peoples Art Class (WPAC), which was formed by

Barbadian-born acclaimed “Father of Guyanese Art” E R Burrowes in 1948. Denis Williams was a member of the WPAC. On returning from his art scholarship to Britain he felt compelled to continue the tradition of art groupings, which he knew best, resulting in him founding an art institution and naming it after his teacher and mentor E R Burrowes.

The Burrowes School of Art has survived many trying times since coming in existence over thirty- nine years, and so do its tutors.

Moving from the village of Eccles on the East Bank to Sophia east of Georgetown then to Carmichael Street west of Georgetown and then to Carifesta Avenue where it presently sits, the school has persevered and has seen much turnover of tutors.

The tutors, most of whom are past students of the school, come from a tradition of bonding, which was evident in those testing days of financial constraints when they themselves were students. Some days even a meal seemed impossible for many, but a solution by way of a ‘bush cook’ saw many smiling faces. It was the sculptors who led the way in the cooking since a mistaken chip of wood in the pot was more tolerated than a lump of paint or even clay. This act of bonding strengthened the barriers against any likely ethnic, class or economic discrimination that might have impeded unity. These tutors are living testimony of survival against those social, political and economic constraints that constantly presented themselves.

Continuing in the tradition of unselfish gains, the tutors are seen mentoring and nurturing, in a formal way, students who have come with a willingness to learn the requisite skills that will determine their future in the visual arts.

Bestowed with the responsibility of imparting the requisite knowledge in the various disciplines, the tutors are seen as the vanguards of the institution. With due diligence and established rapport between tutors and students, the E R Burrowes School of Art and its culture as an institution, will live on against all odds.

This week Sunday Times Magazine features artwork by some of the institution’s veteran artists. (Text by Castellani House curator Ohene Koama)

"Mask I" (2010) by Dahlia H Peters

"Candle lamp" (2014)

by Josefa Tamayo

"Before the worst" (2013) by Sheena Henry

Untitled (2012) by Ivor Thom

"On my way home" (2012) by Nicole Bissoo-Williams

"Mask" (2014) by Josefa Tamayo

"Vase" (2012) by Everly Austin

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 17

Times Tech

Apple to open second China facility A

pple will open a new research-and-development facility in China’s technology hub Shenzhen next year, as it seeks to beef up its presence in the world’s largest smartphone market.

The company announced the plan while Chief Executive Tim Cook was visiting the city for an innovation event held there this week. Apple made an announcement in August that it would build its first China R&D centre in Beijing.

In September, Zhongguancun Science

Tech news

T

Park, a government committee overseeing Beijing’s

Toyota, Suzuki in partnership

Toyota President Akio Toyoda (2nd R) shakes hands with Suzuki Chairman Osamu Suzuki (R) before photographers during a press conference at Toyota’s head office in Tokyo (Forbes)

oyota, the world’s top automaker, and Suzuki, a Japanese rival that specializes in small vehicles, are joining in a partnership.

Both sides announced in a joint statement Wednesday that they will study areas where they can work together in developing technology for the environment, safety and information networking. They said such areas are likely to benefit from a partnership since the industry is changing rapidly in those areas.

Toyota Motor Corp. and Suzuki Motor Corp. said they will continue to compete in other ways. They expressed hopes other au-

Tech news

T

Zhongguancun area, said on its social media account that the centre in the city would cost 300 million yuan ($44 million) and have a total of 500 employees.

Apple declined to comment on the investment amount and number of people it would hire in the two R&D centres.

Shenzhen, dubbed China’s Silicon Valley, is the headquarters of Chinese web giant Tencent, the country’s largest smartphone maker Huawei,

tomakers will join the partnership to help work toward an industry standard in such areas.

Toyota President Akio Toyoda said survival depends on such collaborations, and it was not enough for a company to be doing just its own research.

“It is very important now to have partners who share the same goal and passion,” he said.

Suzuki Chairman Osamu Suzuki stressed that he has been eager for such a partnership and had discussed it first with Toyoda’s father, and Toyota’s honorary chairman, Shoichiro Toyoda.

Facebook, Google welcome back to China once they ‘respect China’s laws’: Beijing

he Chinese government says Web giants Facebook and Google can return to China, as long as they “respect China’s laws.”

On Wednesday, at a press conference held in preparation for the upcoming World Internet Conference, a Bloomberg reporter asked Ren Xianliang, deputy director of the Cyberspace Administration of China (which oversees internet governance) if the government would permit the two American internet giants to re-enter China.

Both companies still have business-facing services in China, but Google effectively closed its consumer-facing search engine there in 2010, and authorities have blocked Facebook’s social network since 2009.

Ren’s reply, translated into English states: “China’s internet development has always maintained a policy of openness. As for foreign internet companies, as long as they respect China’s laws, don’t harm the interests of the country, and don’t harm the interests of consumers, we welcome them to enter China, where they can together share the benefits of China’s developing internet.”

By “China’s laws,” Ren is referring to the country’s strict censorship apparatus, which prevents internet users from seeking and spreading information considered critical of the Communist Party.

as well as the world’s big-

Tech BYTE

gest consumer drone maker

Company designs simplified shelter for disaster relief

D

isaster relief shelters need to be cost-effective, easy to transport and quick to construct, which explains why manyuse a flat-pack design. Showing just what's possible in this format, the Duffy Shelter can be constructed in less than an hour and up to 35 of them can be transported in a single van.

The shelter is designed by London-based studio Duffy London, which also fabricates them, and came about after company founder Chris Duffy was asked to volunteer for a day building emergency shelters.

Although he enjoyed the day, Duffy felt that the shelters that he and the group were building simply weren't practical, with too many fiddly parts, lengthy construction times and too much bulk for easy transport.

That day, says Duffy, he committed to

Tech BYTE

I

Dajiang Innovation.

designing a shelter that would address these issues. The result is a raised, podlike structure measuring 185 x 125 x 142 cm (73 x 49 x 56 in) that can be assembled using only a screwdriver.

By raising the shelter up on its legs, it is possible to eliminate much of the cold or damp from the ground seeping inside. The interior of the structure is insulated with fabric to help regulate temperature, and there's enough space for two adults to sleep side-by-side, as well as an opaque window and a shelf. It's also possible to have a variety of finishes applied to the shelters.

The shelter was launched earlier this week and is available for large orders from companies and charities, with a 12- to 16week lead-time. Quotes for large orders are available on request now.

Group plans to launch first ‘space nation’

n what New Atlas says sounds like a backstory for a sci-fi B-movie, a team from the Aerospace International Research Centre (AIRC) has announced plans for Asgardia, a "space nation" satellite that will operate as its own country, independent of any Earthly nation state.

At a press conference in Paris on Wednesday, project leader Dr Igor Ashurbeyli outlined the philosophical, legal and scientific goals and issues of Asgardia, as well as put out a call for Earthlings to apply to be its first citizens, and help design its flag and other national symbols.

"It is the realization of man's eternal dream to leave his cradle on Earth and expand into the Universe," Ashurbeyli explains. "Asgardia's philosophical envelope is to 'digitalize' the Noosphere, creating a mirror of humanity in space but without Earthly division into states, religions and nations. In Asgardia we are all just Earthlings!"

According to Ashurbeyli, the space nation itself is expected to take the form of one or more core satellites, along with clusters of smaller network-centric ones and a protective space platform. And that’s the only information so far – but they promise it's not because they have no idea.

The public is invited Artist rendition of Asgardia to participate as well, and stemming those who are interested from Asgard,in in becoming the first citiNorse zens of space (in the event mythology one it ever gets off the ground) of the Nine can apply on the Asgardia Worlds and website, with the first home to the 100,000 applicants given Æsir tribe of gods ruled by special preference.

Odin and his There have been strangwife Frigg er story lines before…

18 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Times Home & Cooking

guyanatimesgy.com

Recipe of the Week

W

ood and white in the kitchen offer a light, airy ambience that allows natural light to shine and provides warm wood tones to add texture and richness. Natural materials like wood and simple colours like white provide an effortlessly clean appearance to what is usually the most utilised room in the home.

Natural dark or light wood on white offers contrast for visual appeal

Sticky ginger shrimp with shallot rice

Ingredients

1 c. jasmine or basmati rice 4 tsp. peeled and grated ginger, divided 1 tbsp. canola oil 2 garlic cloves, minced 1/4 c. honey

3 tbsp. soy sauce 1/2 tsp. freshly ground black pepper 1 lb. shrimp, peeled and deveined 1 tsp. sesame oil 1/4 c. chopped shallots, plus more for garnish

Method

Scrape sides of the pan with a rubber In a large pot, steam rice with 2 spatula to prevent burning.

Increase heat to medium-high; teaspoons grated ginger added to add shrimp and cook until cooked the water; cook according to package instructions. Turn off heat and cover through and sauce is caramelized, 3 to 4 minutes. with lid to keep warm.

Add sesame oil and shallots Meanwhile, in a large skillet over medium-high heat add canola oil, to steamed rice. Stir until well garlic, and remaining ginger. Sauté incorporated. Transfer rice and shrimp for 1 minute. Add honey, soy sauce, to a platter, garnish with shallots. Serve and black pepper; bring to a boil and immediately.

Serves 4. simmer on low until thickened and slightly caramelized, 10 minutes.

W A stainless steel backsplash separates the dark vertical wood cabinetry and shelves from the matte white cabinetry below

hen you deep-fry, hold each piece of food with long tongs as you add it to the oil. Hold it just below the oil's surface for five seconds before releasing it. This will seal the exterior and stop it from sticking to the pot or the other food.

Instead of placing a chicken on a roasting rack, cut thick slices of onion, put them in an oiled pan, then place the chicken on top. The onion will absorb the chicken juices. After roasting, let the chicken rest while you make a sauce with the onions by adding a little stock or water to the pan and cooking it for about 3 minutes on high heat.

When you're browning meat, you should blot the surface dry with a paper towel so the meat doesn't release moisture when it hits the hot oil. Too much moisture makes the meat steam instead of sear, and you will lose that rich brown crust.

P If an all-white kitchen seems too severe, add natural wood grain to provide that splash of colour, warmth and contrast – whether on the floor, counter or cabinet

our boiling water down your drain every once in a while. This helps to push the oils from foods down the drain so that they don’t cake onto the insides of your pipes and cause clogs.

Try waxing your bathroom tiles with car polish. This prevents the build-up of grime.

Clean your toilet using flat cola.Pour in a can and leave for thirty minutes then flush.

For rust stains on white cotton clothing, scrub with lemon juice and salt before throwing it in the wash, and the stains should come out.

Baking soda is a good alternative to bleach. Bleach can damage fabrics, but baking soda is a lot gentler and can still have a whitening effect.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Diet, exercise and your child Part III

A JOKES

A

From police files

man in Great Falls, Montana in the USA had three outstanding warrants for his arrest. When he was stopped by the police for a traffic violation, he gave them a false name. The police ran a check and discovered that there was also a warrant out for the man with the false name. So they arrested the driver.

In doing a search, they discovered a half gram of methamphetamine in his pocket and charged him with criminal possession of a dangerous drug. During his arrest, he gave his real name, so they also charged him with issuing a false report to law enforcement.

It’s traditional in Italy to celebrate the last day before Lent by having lasagne for dinner. You wouldn't expect the police to barge in and arrest you. Well, you wouldn't, unless your name was Giancarlo Sabatini and you'd been a fugitive from the law for ten years, hiding out in Belgium.

Apparently, Mr. Sabatini couldn't resist his wife's lasagne. He went back to his home in Italy to celebrate before Lent. The police acted on a tip, staked out the place and arrested him.

"But officer, I was just riding my lawn mower."

Well, yes, he was just driving his lawn mower. But it was 1:00 in the morning in Iowa, US, and he was driving on the highway, all over the road, with no headlights. His blood alcohol level was .19 which is well above the limit of .08. In Iowa it is illegal to drive any kind of motorized vehicle anywhere while you are drunk.

The state of customer service these days…

My Aunt passed away this past January. Her bank billed her for February and March for their monthly service charge on her credit card, and then added late fees and interest on the monthly charge. The balance had been $0.00, but had now grown to somewhere around $60.00.

I placed the following phone call to the bank: Me: "I am calling to tell you that she died in January."

Bank: "The account was never closed and the late fees and charges still apply."

Me: "Maybe, you should turn it over to collections..."

Bank: "Since it is two months past due, it already has been."

Me: "So, what will they do when they find out she is dead?"

Bank: "Either report her account to the frauds division, or report her to the credit bureau...maybe both!"

Me: "Do you think God will be mad at her?"

Bank:"Do I think God... excuse me, what did you say?"

Me: "Do you understand what I was telling you... specifically the part about her being... dead?"

Bank: "Sir, you'll have to speak to my supervisor!"

(Supervisor gets on the phone) Me: "I'm calling to tell you, she deceased in January."

Bank: "The account was never closed and the late fees and charges still apply."

Me: "You mean you want to collect from her estate?"

Bank: "... (stammer)" ... "Are you her lawyer?"

Me: "No, I'm her great nephew, but feel free to contact her lawyer at: XXX" Bank: "Could you fax us a certificate of death?"

Me: "Sure."

(Later, after they have gotten the fax.)

Bank: "Our system just isn't setup to handle this..."

Me: "Oh..."

Bank: "I don't know what more I can do to help..."

Me: "Well... if you figure it out, great! If not, you could just keep billing her... I suppose...don't really think she will care...."

Bank: "Well...the late fees and charges do still apply."

Me: "Would you like her new billing address?"

Bank: "That might help."

Me: "Fredrickson Memorial Cemetery, Hwy 19 and plot number 233."

Bank: "Sir, that's a cemetery!"

Me: "Yes sir, that's what we do with our departed loved ones."

t school, risks to academic achievement result from children not getting adequate nutrition and physical activity. Hunger can be particularly damaging to children’s progress in school and cognitive development overall.

Too many schools offer poor nutritional choices in the form of unhealthy school lunches, or vendors sellsweets, processed snacks and sugary beverages, leading to an overabundance of unhealthy foods.

Many schools have scaled back requirements for a daily recess and do not prioritize physical education opportunities for children at every age, leading to a lack of opportunities for physical activity.

Peers can serve as remarkably powerful role models for children and may share their unhealthy eating or exercise habits with them. Stigma of being overweight — can lead to social and psychological distress (e.g., depression, low self-esteem).

Bullying and teasing from peers can be particularly damaging and teachers and school staff may attribute less desirable personality characteristics to

obese youth and their families.

In the neighbourhood there may be an overabundance of unhealthy foods.

There are a growing number of communities where supermarkets and grocery stores are scarce or charge higher prices for healthy foods than processed foods.

In addition, many underserved

communities are populated with fast food restaurants that are often located near schools and playgrounds.

The built environment – lack of adequate and safe parks, bike lanes, playgrounds, recreational facilities, or walkways can restrict opportunities for children and teens to get exercise.

(TO BE CONTINUED)

STORY TIME

Overcoming Anger: A Zen Tale Dream Deferred

A

Zen student said to his teacher, “Master, I have an ungovernable temper. Help me get rid of it."

“You have something very strange," said the teacher. “Show it to me."

“Right now I cannot show it to you."

“Why not?"

“It arises suddenly."

“Then it cannot be your own true nature," said the teacher, “if it were, you would be able to show it to me at any time. Why are you allowing something that is not yours to trouble your life?"

Thereafter whenever the student felt his temper rising, he remembered his teacher’s words and checked

What happens to a dream deferred?

Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun?

Or fester like a sore-And then run?

his anger.

In time, he developed a calm and placid temperament.

Does it stink like rotten meat?

Or crust and sugar over-like a syrupy sweet?

Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

Langston Hughes

By Grammar G

The rise of the robot

T

he word “robot” is a relatively new word in our English vocabulary – it was introduced in 1920 in a play by Czech writer Karel Čapek, whose brother Josef created the word which Karel uses in his 1920 play, “R.U.R” (Rossum’s Universal Robots).

It derives from Czech robota meaning “forced labour”, or “drudgery, hard work”, and refers to the serfdom that existed in central Europe before the mid-19th century. In the play, the robots are a race of enslaved, human-like creatures, artificially assembled from organic materials.

In today’s terms they may more likely be called androids, but in the Čapeks’ time of industrialization, factory labour and political revolution, the word “robot” was meaningful.

In 1938, Čapek’s play was adapted by the BBC, and became the first production of television science fiction ever to be broadcast, and just a few years after the word was introduced, it came to represent a person who showed lit-

tle emotion or acted mechanically; by 1942 the adjective “robotic” was coined by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov, and by 1945 robo - became a prefix.

It soon came to mostly mean mechanical machines or automatons that don’t resemble humans.When automated traffic signals were first introduced in London, they were called “robots” – a term only in use today in

South Africa. In 1950, the term was made popular by science fiction writers of the time.

In addition, the term “android”, referring to an automaton (or robot) that resembles a human, dates back to the 18th century (1727). “Android” means “automaton resembling a human being”, from Greek andro- (human) and eides (form).

20 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Sunday Puzzle

What do the following words have in common?

Assess Potato Banana Revive Uneven Dresser Grammar Voodoo see ANSWERS on page 23

see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

GEOZONE

Isthmus

T

he Jamaican ground iguana (Cyclura collei) as its name suggests, can be found only in Jamaica; in the tropical dry forest and limestone outcrops of the Hellshire Hills, a six-square-mile area in the southeast of the island.

It is Jamaica’s largest native land animal – about two feet long, not including the tail – with extremely sharp claws. The Jamaican ground iguana eats mainly seasonal leaves, fruits and flowers of a wide variety of plants.

However, it also occasionally eats insects and snails.

Traditionally, the Jamaican ground iguana was hunted for meat, which caused a decline in its population in the 19th century. Today, it

is significantly affected by invasive, non-native predators including mongooses, cats, pigs and stray dogs, which eat juvenile iguanas or destroy nests.

It was considered extinct on the island until 1990; it had last been seen in 1948.

Since the 90s, local conservation efforts have led to an increase in the iguana population.

Nevertheless, it remains listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, as loss of habitat and mining developments continue to threaten the area.

The skin of the Jamaican ground iguana, particularly of nesting females, is often stained reddish-brown by the iron-rich soil in its habitat.

Colouring Fun

Connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the 77km ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama

A

n isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses.

An isthmus also separates two bodies of water.

Isthmuses are natural sites for ports and canals linking terrestrial and aquatic trade routes. They are also important for communications and cultural exchange, as well as military outposts.

A well-known isthmus is the Isthmus of Panama in Panama, Central America, which links the continents of North and South America, and separates the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.The Panama Canal, completed in 1914, stretches 77

kilometres (48 miles) across the isthmus.

It allows cargo ships to travel from east to west without having to go around South America.

Another well-known isthmus is the Isthmus of Suez in eastern Egypt, which connects the continents of Africa and Asia, and separates the Mediterranean and Red Seas.The Suez Canal, completed in 1869, is 192 kilometres (119 miles) long, and allows cargo ships to travel between Europe, North Africa, western Asia (via the Mediterranean Sea in the north) and eastern and southern Asia without having to go around Africa.

WORD JUMBLE

Unscramble the words to find out some place names in Guyana

AENPMSAU NNLNADEAA The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all please see solution on page 23

digits 1 through 9.

MAHOC RSNIPETREE LDLBIFEE XOHENPI FRDIPIENSH GNETADCOITH AEUGH YATTSLENOWN please see answers on page 23

22 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 16, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 23

Times World

Toughie, the last known Rabbs' fringe-limbed tree frog dies

T

oughie, the world's last Rabbs' fringelimbed tree frog and a symbol of the extinction crisis, died late Sept. 2016 at his home in the Atlanta Botanical Garden, USA. The famed frog's age is unknown, but he's at least 12 years old, and likely older, because he was an adult when collected in 2005.

Mark Mandica, who worked with Toughie for seven years, tells National Geographic that the frog's story isn't entirely unique.

“A lot of attention had been paid to him in captivity, so he even has his own Wikipedia page,” Mandica, head of the Amphibian Foundation, notes. “But

there are plenty of other species out there that are disappearing, sometimes before we even knew that they were there.”

Toughie's own species (Ecnomiohyla rabborum) wasn't described until 2008, a few years after Toughie was found.

The species occurred in a very small range, at an elevation where the chytrid fungus proved especially deadly. Field studies suggest up to 85 percent of all the am-

phibians on Toughie's home turf

species, Toughie was silent for all the years he lived at the botanical garden, until one fateful morning in 2014 when Mandica captured the only existing example of the Rabbs' fringelimbed tree frog's call.

Toughie, the world’s last known Rabbs' fringe-limbed tree frog

were wiped out.

Although he gave voice to the plight of endangered

“I heard this weird call coming out of the frog [area], and I knew it had to be him,

because I knew what all the other species sounded like. I was able to sneak in and record him on my phone.”

Mandica's son, then a two-year-old, dubbed the last survivor Toughie.

Naming animals isn't the norm among scientists, but the frog's popularity as the last of his kind meant that people (and the press) kept demanding a name—and Toughie stuck.

Toughie had lots of admirers. Last year his image was even projected onto St. Peter's Basilica, and his call played, so that the world could see and hear him.

The frog met race car drivers and movie directors, Toughie’s photogra-

pher JoelSartore recalls. “A lot of people were moved to tears when they saw him.

When you have the very last of something it's a special deal.”

“About once a year I photograph something that's the last of its kind or close to it,” he says. “I get sad and angry because I can't imagine that this won't wake the world up and get people to care about extinction.”

Now he's gone, and with him an entire species. And as large numbers of animals and plants continue to vanish, their loss increasingly compromises the healthy ecosystems necessary for everyone's survival—including our own.

er belt and, under pressure, becomes ductile and gooey, mixing in with the mantle.

But because continental crust is so buoyant, researchers thought it acted more like a pool raft: Push it down, and it will just pop back up again.

The new research might cause researchers to re-evaluate that interaction and how it works. But the study also has the potential to explain some geochemical mysteries. For example, volcanic eruptions sometimes spew out elements like lead and uranium, which aren't

very common in the mantle. These elements are pretty common in continental crust, however. If the IndiaEurasia collision is representative, it might explain how these continental materials get recycled into the mantle and then erupt out again, Rowley said.

"The implication of our work is that, if we're seeing the India-Asia collision system as an ongoing process over Earth's history, there has been a continuous mixing of the continental crustal elements back into the mantle," he said.

Discovery upends how geologists believe tectonic interactions work

H

alf of the mass of Eurasia and India is missing, new research finds, and may have been swallowed up by the Earth's mantle.

If so, that would be a surprise, as geoscientists thought that continental crust — the kind that makes up major landmasses — was too buoyant to dive down into

WORD JUMBLE

SUPENAAM ANNANDALE MOCHA ENTERPRISE BELFIELD

PHOENIX FRIENDSHIP NOITGEDACHT HAGUE STANLEYTOWN

Brain Teaser Answer

If you take the first letter and move it to the rear of the word, you get the same word when read backwards.

SUDOKU

KID SUDOKU

CROSSWORD

the mantle, the pliable middle layer of the planet upon which the crust rides.

"It used to be thought that the mantle and the crust interacted only in a relatively minor way," study researcher David Rowley, a geoscientist at the University of Chicago, said in a statement.

"This work suggests that, at least in certain circumstances, that's not true."

The mystery of the missing crust emerged as Rowley and his colleagues examined the slow-moving collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. These two rafts of continental crust have been bumping against each other for 60 million years, crumpling up to form the Himalayan mountains. The researchers combined multiple data sources to figure out the original size of the two continental plates before they started colliding.

These new calculations, published online Sept.

19 in the journal Nature Geoscience, revealed a strange imbalance. Even after accounting for the ruched

bits of crust that climbed upward to form the Himalayas, the excess that squeezed out the sides to form southeast Asia, and the crust that eroded over 60 million years and ended up in the oceans, Rowley and his colleagues couldn't explain where half of the original mass of India and Eurasia went.

That led to an unprecedented conclusion.

"If we've accounted for all possible solutions at the surface, it means the remaining mass must have been recycled wholesale into the mantle," said study researcher Miquela Ingalls, a graduate student in geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago.

Continental crust isn't supposed to be able to sink in that way. Geoscientists have long known that dense oceanic crust can be "recycled" into the mantle — this is the geologic process that happens at subduction zones like the one off the coast of California. Oceanic crust slides under less dense continental crust like a convey-

Yellowstone Park uses ‘thirsty concrete’to reduce runoff at iconic geyser

T

he iconic Old Faithful geyser at Yellowstone National Park in the US spouts an impressive 3,700 to 8,400 gallons of water every hour. Perhaps more striking is the geothermal network below it, which supports nearly twothirds of the entire Earth's geysers.

To preserve that network for as long as possible, the park is replacing thousands of square feet of crumbling, petroleum-based asphalt sidewalks with a semi-porous material called Flexi-Pave.

Conventional sidewalks promote rivers of runoff that not only wash away soil and cause erosion, but also leach toxins into the ground.

KBI Flexi TM - Pave

Flexi-Pave is different. It absorbs 3,000 gallons of water per hour, which reduces runoff and returns the rainwater to the ground in a natural pattern, where it can replenish the geyser basin below.

The material is made from a mix of used tires as well as bits of stone. The

aggregate is held together with a polymer binder invented by Flexi-Pave manufacturer KBI, a partner along with Michelin on the project. And because the material becomes inert after its manufactured, no toxins leach into the soil as the rainwater flows through it.

KBI just paved a 4,160-square-foot path near Old Faithful, the second phase of the Old Faithful Walkway Project.

For this section, they ground up more than 1,500 used Michelin tires.

Back in Sept. 2015, KBI repurposed 900 end-of-life tires.

"Helping to create a nextgeneration trail system in Yellowstone National Park is very gratifying," Kevin Bagnall, CEO and founder of KBI said in a press statement. "Flexi-Pave not only provides an environmentally friendly solution for the Old Faithful area, it prevents thousands of old tires from ending up in a landfill or being burned for fuel."

24

Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 16, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Fun Times

Archie

ARIES Looking for a new way to (March 21- use your skills will prompt April 19) you to check out the online job market. Update your resume to suit your direction of choice. Greater financial stability is possible.

Express your feelings and TAURUS find out what others think.

(April 20- Knowing where you stand May 20) will give you the courage to carry on with your plans.

Love and romance are highlighted.

Being creative when hanGEMINI dling your financial affairs will (May 21- help you cut your overhead and June 20) enable you to save enough cash to pay for something you really want.

Don't make promises you CANCER won't want to keep. Put your (June 21- needs first and focus on perJuly 22) sonal changes that make you feel good about who you are and what you want to pursue.

Set your sights high, LEO and reach for the stars. The (July 23changes you bring about at Aug. 22) home or in the workplace will lead to good fortune.

Dilbert

A financial proposal will not VIRGO (Aug. 23- be as great as you are led to beSept. 22) lieve. Find out more before you put your cash into something risky. Focus on romance and personal improvements.

An important partnership LIBRA will need an adjustment. Get (Sept. 23- your thoughts in order and exOct. 23) press the way you feel and your ideas for making your time together more productive.

Peanuts

How things turn out SCORPIO will depend on your abili(Oct. 24- ty to get along with others.

Nov. 22) Compromise will be necessary if you want to achieve your goals. Romance is encouraged.

SAGITTARIUS Rummage through your (Nov. 23worldly possessions and doDec. 21) nate what you no longer use to those in need. Getting rid of the clutter will make you feel good. Pay it forward.

Calvin and Hobbes

You won't feel guilty if CAPRICORN you don't do anything wrong.

(Dec. 22- Think twice before you critJan. 19) icize someone or try to control a situation. You are best off letting things unfold naturally.

AQUARIUS Incorporate old and new (Jan. 20- ideas in order to come up with Feb. 19) a new plan that fits today's trends. A financial improvement due to better money management will ease stress.

PISCES What you do to help oth(Feb. 20- ers will be satisfying and Mar. 20) will prop up your reputation.

Mingle with people who can help you achieve your goals.

Love is in the stars.