Thermal Insulation With Materials Of Baumit®

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Museum Gallery of Modern Art

COURSE PROJECT

THERMAL INSULATION WITH THE MATERIALS OF BAUMIT

By Kremena Hadjipaseva

Contents

1. Purpose of thermal insiuation 2. Information from the assignment 2.1 Parameters of the climate 2.2 Parameters of the rooms’ microclimate 2.3 Wall layers 3. Criteria for building thermal insulation 4. Comparison with alternative solution 5. Description of the chosen system 5.1 Short description of the products 5.2 Detail of the system 5.3 Building insulation methods 5.4 Advantages of the system 5.5 Installation 6. Calculation of thickness of the thermal insulation to achieve the Norm's requirements 7. Checking of vapor condensation conditions at the thermal bridge area of the wall 8. Temperature's line for heating period 9. Study on water vapour migration 9.1 Norm’s characteristics 9.2 Main parameters 9.3 During condensation period 9.4 During evaporation period 10. Bibliography 11. Drawings 12. Appendices

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1. Purpose of thermal insiuation The main purpose of thermal insulation in winter is energy saving leading to a decrease in heating demand and hence the protection of the environment. This aim has to be considered in new buildings as well as in renovating the building. The purpose of thermal insulation in buildings is to maintain a comfortable and hygienic indoor climate at low ambient temperatures. A minimal amount of thermal insulation is required to protect the constructional elements against thermal impact and moisture related damage.

The Museum Gallery of Modern Art is renovated and expanded public building and the strategies to reach proper insulation of our building are the use of building materials with low thermal conductivity đ?œ†-values and the avoidance of thermal bridges. Besides the above mentioned purposes, thermal insulation plays a major role in preventing summertime overheating of buildings through reducing the transmission of solar radiation, absorbed on the building’s exterior surfaces, to the interior.

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2. Information from the assignment 2.1 Parameters of the climate The Museum Gallery of Modern Art is situated in Haskovo. According Bulgarian norms Haskovo is part from climate zone 8.  Average monthly temperature of the environment is đ?›‰đ??ž = −đ?&#x;?đ?&#x;’°âˆ  Relative humidity of the environment is đ?›—đ??ž = đ?&#x;–đ?&#x;Ž % 2.2 Parameters of the rooms’ microclimate  Inside temperature is đ?›‰đ??˘ = đ?&#x;?đ?&#x;Ž°âˆ  Relative humidity inside is đ?›—đ??˘ = đ?&#x;“đ?&#x;Ž % → According this parameter is defined the regime. đ?›—đ??˘

Microclimate regime

≤50% 51á60% 61á75% >75%

Dry regime Normal regime Moist regime Wet regime

In the assignment đ?›—đ??˘ = đ?&#x;“đ?&#x;Ž % => Dry regime

2.3 Wall layers Walls are made from layers that represent the construction materials used to build them.

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3. Criteria for building thermal insulation Selection of insulation material should be based on  Effectiveness in both thermal insulation and moisture regime  Durability  Adaptation to the wall  Installation methods  Initial cost

λ, W/m°C

Effectiveness

≤0,06

High

0,06÷0,12

Medium

0,12÷0,18

Low

Thermal conductivity coefficient From an economic point of view, it may be better to choose an insulating material with a lower thermal conductivity rather than increase the thickness.

To find best solution for the construction of building envelope, it is important to choose thermal insulation materials which match requirements. The most important requirements are:  Low and constant thermal conductivity;  Possibility not to break down under different weather conditions and temperature of insulated object;  Not to cause the corrosion and breaking down of the insulated object;  Not to prevent temperature deformations of the insulated object (to be flexible);  Life cycle of the thermal insulation material shouldn’t be lower then the life cycle of the insulated object;  Sound proofing should guarantee the allowable sound level for human.

It will be very easy to build “warm„ walls, if we have such material which is so strong as stone, as warm as fluff, and so cheap as air.

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4. Comparison with alternative solution Almost all building material provide some resistance to heat flow and thermal insulation is a part of the system. Hence the design solution for the thermal insulation of buildings must be based on comparison of the system. For example, BAUMIT® offers design solution not only for thermal insulation materials but for the whole system. To choose the correct thermal insulation material, which will match requirements,which is mentioned above, is important to know how to determine main properties of different thermal insulation materials. In the next table there is a comparison of two thermal insulation materials – BAUMIT® Open Plus and Airrock ND from the product catalog of ROCKWOOL®.

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Name of the material

Baumit Open Plus

Name of the manufacture

Type of Product Description Thermal Density Water vapor Reaction to material conductivity permeability fire λ[W/mK]

BAUMIT®

Airrock ND ROCKWOOL®

EPS

Thermal-insulating boards of slab-stock foamed and extruded expanded polystyrene granules

Medium density water repellent slab for external and Mineral partition walls with wool special acoustic performance requirements

0.031

15-18 kg/m³

0.035

~ 50 kg/m³

10

E (according EN 13501-1) B1,Q3,Tr1 (acc. ÖNORM B 3800-1)

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A1 according EN 13501-1

The two main applications of mineral wool in residential construction are for thermal insulation and soundproofing. It is easy to cut and water resistant.Rockwool Airrock ND is not flammable when exposed to open flame and does not generate smoke nor burning droplets. It helps to prevent the spread of fire, but in our case the reaction to fire is less important factor because thermal insulation is situated between two HD brick masonry layers, which are nonflammable. On other hand, knowing of the density of the material, gives a lot of information about its thermal insulation and strength characteristics. The lower is the density of the material, the lower is the thermal conductivity. In certain case Rockwool Airrock ND has higher thermal conductivity value, which means that is less effective material with more complicated installation compared with BAUMIT Open Plus.

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5. Description of the chosen system

5.1 Short description of the products

Baumit open plus Thermal -insulating boards Composition: Expanded polystyrene granules Thermal conductivity coeffitient: 0.032W/mC Thickness: will be calculated by the program Baumit Thermo2

Baumit MPA 35 A dry, plant-mixed ready-to-use lime-cement plaster Thickness: 2cm

Baumit StarTex Aklalioresistant glass mesh for strightening in insulation system Baumit Composition: SBR

Baumit StarContact Factory prepared dry powder mix render for manual application

Thickness of the layer: 3mm

Baumit UniPrimer Organically bound, ready-to-use precoat

Baumit StarTex Aklalioresistant glass mesh for strightening in insulation system Baumit Composition: SBR

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Baumit open plus Product Properties Application Product type Apparent density Transverse tensile strength λ-value μ-value Size of board Behaviour in fire Storage

Thermal-insulating boards of slab-stock foamed and extruded expanded polystyrene granules Diffusion permeable,thermally insulating, dimensionally exact,form retentive and resistant to ageeing,non-shrinking, hardly combustible. For new and old buildings EPS-F according to Austrian standard ÖNORM B 6000 approx. 15-18kg/m³ ≥150kPa 0.031W/Mk approx. 10 100x50cm E (Euro class) in accordance with EN 13501-1 Store dry, protect from UV radiation (sun) , moisture and mechanical damege

Baumit MPA 35 Product

A dry, plant-mixed ready-to-use lime/cement plaster

Composition

Lime hydrate, cement, plaster sands,Perlite and admixtures Inhibits water absorption, mineral, fine-grained lime/cement plaster, good permeability for water vapour

Properties Application

Machine plaster, coarsly levelled or smoothed with trowel

Largest grain Compressive strength (28d) λ-value μ-value Material consumption Plaster thickness

2mm >2.5N/mm² 0.8W/Mk approx. 15 14kg/m² with a plaster thickness of 10mm 20mm

Baumit StarTex Composition Properties Mesh size

Alkali resistant textile glass mesh for Baumit thermal insulating composite systems Glass threads (SBR coated = styrene butadiene rubber) Matched failure load and elongation approx. 4x 4 mm

Surface/weight ratio

≥ 145 g/m²

Failure load Failure load after ageing Material requirement Storage

≥ 2000 N/50 mm

1.1 m² per m² of surface 1 roll suffices for approx. 45 m² Store upright in a dry place

Delivery format

50 m² roll, wrapped (width 100 cm, length 50 m)

Product

≥ 1000 N/50 mm

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Baumit StarContact Product

Factory prepared dry powder mix render

Composition

Sand, lightweight aggregate, hydrated lime, white cement and additives to improve workability, adhesion and reinforcement

Performance Grain size μ-value Conductivity value λ Sd-value Water requirement Layer thickness Packaging

Baumit StarContact can be used in all external and internal areas. It has good workability qualities and very good adhesion. Once hardened, StarContact is water vapour permeable and frost and weather resistant 0 .6 mm approx. 10 0.8W/Mk 0.15m (for layer with thickness 3mm) 4.5-6l/bag 3mm Paper bag, contents 25 kg, (42 bags per pallet = 1050 kg)

Baumit UniPrimer Product Composition

Organically bound, ready-to-use precoat Styrene acrylate binder, silicone resin emulsion, mineral fillers, additives, water Bonding agent and negative pressure balancing, facilitates uniform coloration of Properties the final coat Application Priming for outside and inside surfaces Density approx. 1.50 kg/dm³ Solids content approx. 62 % pH value 8 approx. 0.15 kg/m² on fillings Material consumption approx. 0.30 kg/m² on plaster bases for one coat each Delivery format Bucket: 5 and 25 kg If the closed bucket is kept in a dry, cool place free of frost, the product can be Storage stored for 6 months

Baumit NanoporTop Non-soiling, mineral, thin-layer skin in paste form ready for processing. Hardwearing plaster in scratch structure for external or internal use. Innovative mineral binder, mineral fillers, silicates, micro-fibres, anorganic Composition coloured and white pigments, mineral additives and water. Mineral, weathering-resistant, highly waterproof, low-soiling, highly diffusion Properties permeable, incombustible Maximum granulation 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm Basic density approx. 1.8 kg/dm³ Conductivity value λ approx. 0.70 W/mk μ-value approx. 25-40 Water absorption coefficient (W < 0.20 kg/m2.t0.5 value) Sd-value 0.05-0.08 m (at 2 mm layer thickness) Colour tones 200 colours Storage Dry, cool, frost-free and will store sealed for six months Product

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5.2 Detail of the system By Baumit速 Thermo2

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5.3 Building insulation methods

Properties that were built post-1930 usually have cavity walls. To have improvement in the wall’s thermal performance in this case, a good practice is to fill cavities with blown mineral wool. In order for cavity wall insulation to be effective it must fill the entire wall and ideally be evenly spread. When the external wall is not insulated as in case of internal and cavity wall insulation should be taken into account that the construction is not protected which leads to increasing the risk of condensation and freeze/thaw damage.

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On the next illustrations the reasons for the damages of non insulated external walls will be shown. None insulated external wall

 Big temperature difference  Increase the risk of freeze/ thaw damage

External insulated wall

• No heat bridges • Tuned heat insulation (thickness as required) • The heat insulation is on the outside,increasing the living space inside • Economical, durable system

Conclusion: External wall insulation is best way of thermal insulation.

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For external wall insulation Baumit® offers proven and cost-effective system, with “European technical license” (ETAG004). Let’s apply Baumit® open system in this case.

5.4 Advantages of the system        

23% more insulation (compared to traditional EPS) Active breathing like a brick Good stream diffusion Ensure a comfortable room climate Homogenous wall construction No formation of condensation Save energy – protect the environment Reduce heating costs (in a new building by up to 21%)

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5.5 Installation It is vital that insulation is installed with careful attention to detail, as incorrect or inappropriate installation will significantly decrease performance. The proper insulation installation will produce a comfortable building and can reduce energy costs.

The following installation principles will ensure the best possible performance from installation.  Check before installing insulation regulations and manufacturer’s recommendation  Avoid gaps in insulation  Make sure corners, junctions of wall are fully covered  Eliminate thermal bridges  Provide vapor and moisture barrier to prevent condensation  The temperature of the air, material and base must be greater than +5℃ during processing and setting  During installation the facade should be protect against exposure to direct sunlight, rain or strong wind

Insulating a double brick walls is relatively simply if insulation is installed during its construction. For existing buildings, wall insulation can be installed by removing internal or external linings to access the cavity, and then replace the linings. It is costly to insulate existing walls and often difficult to access the cavity.

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• Lay only whole insulating boards adduting each other fully from bottom to top and flush jointed. Baumit • Lay the insulating panels flat and free of joint gaps. open plus • Make sure no glue gets into the joint gaps

MPA35

Star Contact

StarTex

• Pre-moisten where appropriate then apply MPA35 with a plastering machine in caterpillar like tracks. • Thickness 2cm • Use screeding boards to level • After it starts to stiffen, moisten, screed and then smooth with a plaster's float

• The mesh should be embedded into the mortar in areas where there is risk of crackingand a 3mm topcoat applied wet on wet

• Insert the mesh unfolded in vertical sheets with an overlap of no less than 10 cm

UniPrimer • The base surface must be cured and dry before processing • Evenly apply Baumit universal primer to the entire surface

• Mixed with a stirrer before application. Nanopor • Sprayed on with a suitable skim coating machine Top • Stripped down to granulation strength and rubber down imeddiatelly

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For insulating an external wall is important to prepare base surface.  The base surface must be free of loose and/or crumbing parts.  The base surface must be dry, clean and free of salt blooms and expansion joints.

Baumit open plus is secured approx. 30 cm above ground level using Baumit BaseProfile plugs.Where the wall is uneven, the profile is padded out with spacers. The joints are connected using Baumit BaseProfileConnectors. In addition, the profile can also be fixed to the wall using Baumit EdgeFix. Baumit OpenContact is applied using the edge-dab method. The application should be done in such a way (approx. 1-2 cm thick adhesive layer), that the contact surface with the wall is at least 40%. A 5 cm wide strip of adhesive is applied around the edge of the panel, and three dabs, about the size of a side plate, a placed in the middle. Before the plugs are inserted and after the adhesive has hardened (after 1 day), the panel joints are sanded down until they are level and smooth. Baumit StarTex is embedded “wet on wet”. At least 10 cm overlap of each drop. Curing time before application of primer: at least 7 days. Baumit UniPrimer is applied evenly across the surface with a roller. Curing time: at least 24 hours. Baumit NanoporTop is applied using a rust-free steel trowel and rubbed in using a plastic float.

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6.Calculation of thickness of the thermal insulation to achieve the Norm's requirements In EU, national energy efficiency standards that mandate the use of thermal insulation in the construction of the building’s envelope were introduced over the past few decades, starting from northern countries during the 50s. Thermal building codes exist in many variants, relying on as many different approaches as there are countries and according to the World Energy Council (World Energy Council, 2001) can be classified in different categories . According to “НАРЕДБА № 7 от 15 декември 2004 г. за енергийна ефективност,топлосъхранение и икономия на енергия в сгради ” there is no maximum thermal transmittance value imposed, only reference value for elements of building envelope are given. Therefore, the aim is to achieve U-value required for the building as a whole. For the purposes of the project, reference value for the external wall Uref ,wall = 0.35

W m2 K

is taken as a max-value.

Uwall ≤ Uref ,wall λ

W

d

m2 K

 U= , 

1 U wall

is coefficient of thermal transmittance

= R wall ≥

1 U ref ,wall

From this equation U =

1 R

becomes clear that :

The smaller the U-value is, the better performance the structure has.  R=

4 d i=1 λ

, measured in

m2 K W

is coefficient of thermal resistance.

The R-value can be defined in simple terms as the resistance that any specific material offers to the heat flow. A good insulation material will have a high R-value.

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Calculation for the total thermal resistance R, R wall = R si + R + R se 1

 R si =  R se =

Îťi 1

m2 K

= 0.13

Îťe

= 0.04

d1 Îť1

is given by the equation

is external surface resistance

W

+

W

is internal surface resistance

W m2 K

R wall = R se + R + R si R wall = 0,04 +

m2 K

d2

+

Îť2

d3 Îť3

+

d4 Îť4

+ 0,13

0.12 d 0.12 0.015 0.0154 + d + + + = 0.79 0.031 0.79 0.70 0.031 0.0154 + d 1 ≼ 0.031 0.35

→ R wall = 0,17 +

→ đ??? ≼ đ?&#x;Ž. đ?&#x;Žđ?&#x;• đ??Ś From the producer's standpoint there is wide range of thicknesses ( from 0.06 to 0.25 m).

 d is between 0.06m and 0.08m from the producer’s size and is accepted the upper limit. Accepted d = 0.08m = 8cm d1 d2 d3 d4 + + + + R si Ν1 Ν2 Ν3 Ν4 is recalculate coefficient of thermal resistance

Rre wall = R se +  Rre wall

Rre wall = 0.04 + Check:

1 U wall

0.12 0.79

+

0.08 0.031

= R wall ≼

+

0.12 0.79

1 U ref ,wall

+

0.015 0.70

+ 0.13 = 3.0758

→ 3.08 > 2.86

m2 K W

m2 K W

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7. Checking of vapor condensation conditions at the thermal bridge area of the wall A thermal bridge is formed when there is a low thermal insulation between the external and internal faces of a wall, which encourages the formation of condensation. This can be a consequence of the geometric form, the structural junction or when materials with different coefficients of heat transmittance installed in non-parallel layers.’

Almost 40% of the wall area damages and aesthetical problems are consequences of thermal bridges. So it is necessary:  To ensure an uniform thermal protection degree on the entire surface of the wall by a supplementary thermal insulation  To avoid the condensation phenomenon on the surface  To prevent degradation at the external wall surface under the influence of climatic factors

Expanded polystyrene , which is used in our case gives efficient solution for thermal bridges preventing as insulation of walls surfaces. Its advantages are:  High insulating degree, small insulation thickness;  Humidity resistance;  Very good compression resistance;  Easy cutting with simple tools

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Used parameters for the next calculations:  đ?œƒđ?‘ – dew point  đ?œ‘đ?‘– = 50% - relative humidity  đ?œƒđ?‘– = 20℃ m 2 .℃

 R si = 0.13

W

According to Appendix 7, table 1 – “ТоПпоŃ€Đ°Ń‚ŃƒŃ€Đ° на ĐžŃ€ĐžŃ Ń?вано ď ą s (ºХ) при ĐžŃ‚Đ˝ĐžŃ Đ¸Ń‚оНна Đ˛ĐťĐ°ĐśĐ˝ĐžŃ Ń‚ на вŃŠСдŃƒŃ…Đ° (%)â€? from the Norm’s requirements → đ?œƒđ?‘ = 9.3℃

To avoid condensation, the temperature of the internal wall shall be higher than the dew point, i.e. t i > θs . This condition is considered in the norms by the following inequality: UTB ≤ UTB ≤

θ i −θ s θ i −θ e

.

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R si

20−9.3 20− −14

, where UTB is thermal conductivity of thermal bridge .

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→ UTB ≤ 2.4208

0.13 n

R TB = R si + i=1

di d1 d2 d5 + R se = Rsi + + + + Rsi Îťi Îť1 Îť2 Îť3

= 0.13 +

UTB =

1 R TB

= 0.3350

0.12 0.08 0.135 m2 ℃ + + + 0.04 = 2.9853 0.79 0.031 1.63 W

W m2 ℃

Check: 0.34 ≤ 2.42 → Therefore, there is no need of additional thermal insulation

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8. Temperature's line for heating period

The graph of temperature line shows how the temperature is distributed to the wall. To make the graph we need to know temperatures between every layer. 8.1 Calculation ∆t i ∆θ R si = re → ∆t i = re . ∆θ R si R wall R wall ∆θ = θi − θe → ∆θ = 20 − −14 = 34℃ 0.13 ∆t i = . 34 = 1.44℃ 3.0758 R se 0.04 ∆t e = re . ∆θ → ∆t e = . 34 = 0.44℃ R wall 3.08 ∆t1 =

d1 ∆θ 0.12 34 = . = 1.68℃ Îť1 Rre 0.79 3.08 wall

∆t 2 =

d2 ∆θ 0.08 34 = . = 28.53℃ Îť2 Rre 0.031 3.08 wall

∆t 3 =

d3 ∆θ 0.12 34 = . = 1.68℃ Îť3 Rre 0.79 3.08 wall

∆t 4 =

d4 ∆θ 0.015 34 = . = 0.24℃ Îť4 Rre 0.70 3.08 wall

đ?‘Ąđ?‘– = đ?œƒđ?‘– − ∆đ?‘Ąđ?‘– = 20 − 1.44 = 18.56℃ đ?‘Ą4/3 = đ?‘Ąđ?‘– − ∆đ?‘Ą4 = 18.56 − 0.24 = 18.33℃ đ?‘Ą3/2 = đ?‘Ą4/3 − ∆đ?‘Ą3 = 18.33 − 1.68 = 16.65℃ đ?‘Ą2/1 = đ?‘Ą3/2 − ∆đ?‘Ą2 = 16.65 − 28.53 = −11.88℃ đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ = đ?‘Ą2/1 − ∆đ?‘Ą1 = −11.88 − 1.68 = −13.56℃ Check: đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ − ∆đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ â‰&#x; đ?œƒđ?‘’ → −13.56 − 0.44 = −14℃

8.2 Table and sketch Layer's No

Material

R-value

đ?‘š 2℃ đ?‘Š

Δt

t ℃ -14.00

Outside

-

0.04

0.44 -13.56

1

HD brick masonry

0.15

1.68 -11.88

2

Baumit Open Plus

2.58

28.53 16.65

3

HD brick masonry

0.15

1.68 18.33

4

Internal plaster

0.02

0.24 18.56

Inside

-

0.13

1.44 20.00

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9. Study on water vapour migration 9.1 Norm’s characteristics  đ?‘‡đ?‘˜ = 1440đ?‘• = 60 đ?‘‘đ?‘Žđ?‘Śđ?‘ is period of condensation  đ?œ‘đ?‘– = 50%  đ?œ‘đ?‘’ = 90%  đ?œƒđ?‘– = 20℃  đ?œƒđ?‘’ = −14℃  đ?œƒđ?‘’,đ??ž is determinate according đ?œƒđ?‘’ of Haskovo According to ЧН. 22. from chapter 3 “ТоŃ…ниŃ‡ĐľŃ ĐşĐ¸ Đ¸ĐˇĐ¸Ń ĐşĐ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ¸Ń? Са вНагОŃƒŃ Ń‚ОКŃ‡Đ¸Đ˛ĐžŃ Ń‚, вŃŠСдŃƒŃ…ОпŃ€ОпŃƒŃ ĐşĐťĐ¸Đ˛ĐžŃ Ń‚ и вОдОнопŃ€ОпŃƒŃ ĐşĐťĐ¸Đ˛ĐžŃ Ń‚â€? → If θe ∈ −8.5 á −14.5℃ => đ?œƒđ?‘’,đ??ž = −5℃ 9.2 Main parameters  đ?œ‡- Vapor diffusion resistance factor. It is obtained by dividing the water vapor diffusion coefficient in air, by the moisture permeability of a porous material and describes how many times better a material is at resisting the passage of water vapor, compared with an equivalent thickness of air. Vapor diffusion resistance factor

high Âľ-factor = high resistance to water vapor transmission material is less permeable đ?›ż đ?›żđ?‘Žđ?‘–đ?‘&#x; đ?œ‡ is taken in accordance with Appendix 4, table 1 – “ТОпНОŃ„иСични Ń…Đ°Ń€Đ°ĐşŃ‚ĐľŃ€Đ¸Ń Ń‚ики на Ń Ń‚Ń€ОиŃ‚оНни прОдŃƒĐşŃ‚и (ПаториаНи)â€? from the Norm’s requirements đ?‘˜đ?‘”  đ?›ż , measured in is vapor diffusion coefficient. đ?œ‡=

đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž .đ?‘š.đ?‘•

The bigger is vapor diffusion coefficient, the biggest is the diffusion. Calculations are done by the formula: đ?‘†đ?‘‘ = đ?œ‡. đ?‘‘  đ?‘†đ?‘‘ is equivalent air layer thickness

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Layer's Material No  𝑑 is thickness of the material

d, 𝑚

𝜇

Sd

1

HD brick masonry

0.12

7

0.84

2

Baumit Open Plus – TI panels based on EPS

0.08

10

0.8

3

HD brick masonry

0.12

7

0.84

4

Internal plaster

0.015

5

0.075

𝜃 = 𝜃𝑖 − 𝜃𝑒,𝐾 → ∆𝜃 = 20 − −5 = 25℃ ∆𝑡𝑖 =

∆𝜃. 𝑅𝑠𝑖 = 1.06℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

∆𝑡1 =

∆𝜃 𝑑1 . = 1.23℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝜆1

∆𝑡2 =

∆𝜃 𝑑2 . = 20.98℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝜆2

∆𝑡3 =

∆𝜃 𝑑3 . = 1.23℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝜆3

∆𝑡4 =

∆𝜃 𝑑4 . = 0.17℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝜆4

∆𝑡𝑒 =

∆𝜃. 𝑅𝑠𝑒 = 0.33℃ 𝑅𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

𝑡𝑖 = 𝜃𝑖 − ∆𝑡𝑖 = 20 − 1.06 = 18.94℃ 𝑡4/3 = 𝑡𝑖 − ∆𝑡4 = 18.94 − 0.17 = 18.77℃ 𝑡3/2 = 𝑡4/3 − ∆𝑡3 = 18.77 − 1.23 = 17.54℃ 𝑡2/1 = 𝑡3/2 − ∆𝑡2 = 17.54 − 20.98 = −3.44℃ 𝑡𝑒 = 𝑡2/1 − ∆𝑡1 = −3.44 − 1.23 = −4.67℃ Check: 𝑡𝑒 − ∆𝑡𝑒 ≟ 𝜃𝑒,𝐾 → −4.67 − 0.33 = −5℃

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For each temperature we measure đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ in accordance with Appendix 7, table 2 – â€œĐœĐ°ĐşŃ Đ¸ĐźĐ°ĐťĐ˝Đž наНŃ?гано на вОднаŃ‚Đ° пара pmax , Đ Đ°â€? from the Norm’s requirements. đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ = đ?‘“ đ?œƒ  đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ , measured in đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž is maximum pressure of water vapor during the period of condensation.

9.3 During condensation period Surface condensation occurs when water vapor comes in contact with a surface that has a temperature lower than the dew point of the surrounding air. Insulation should therefore be thick enough to ensure that the surface temperature on the warm side of an insulated assembly always exceeds the dew-point temperature there. The real distribution of vapor pressure depends on the parameters of microclimate.

đ?‘–  đ?‘Ąđ?‘– = 20℃ → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ = 2340 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘’  đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ = −5℃ → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ = 401 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž

 đ?‘ƒđ?‘– =

đ?œ‘ đ?‘– .đ?‘ƒđ?‘–,đ?‘š đ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ

 đ?‘ƒđ?‘’ =

đ?œ‘ đ?‘’ .đ?‘ƒđ?‘’,đ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ

100 100

=

50.2340

=

90.401

100 100

= 1170đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž = 360.9 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž

đ?‘Ąđ?‘– = 18.9° → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,5 = 2185 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘Ą4/3 = 18.8° → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,4 = 2172 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘Ą3/2 = 17.5° → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,3 = 2001 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘Ą2/1 = −3.4° → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,2 = 461 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ = −4.67° → đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,1 = 412 đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž

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In that case the line of maximal pressure and the line of partial pressure of water vapor during the period of condensation intersect one another. Therefore, there exist conditions for condensation of water vapor and in that case there is one surface of condensation.

Case with one surface of condensation and evaporation

 đ?‘”,measured in đ?‘§ = 1,5. 106 . đ?œ‡. đ?‘‘ đ?‘§ measured in

đ?‘š 2 .đ?‘•.đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘˜đ?‘”

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š 2 .đ?‘•

is density of diffusion flow

is water vapor resistance

6

6

đ?‘§đ?‘– = 1,5. 10 . đ?œ‡4. đ?‘‘4 + đ?œ‡3. đ?‘‘3 + đ?œ‡2. đ?‘‘2 = 2.6175. 10 → đ?‘”đ?‘– = 6

đ?‘ƒđ?‘– − đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,đ?‘¤ 1170 − 461 đ?‘˜đ?‘” = = 2,71. 10−4 2 đ?‘§đ?‘– 2617500 đ?‘š .đ?‘• 6

đ?‘§đ?‘’ = 1,5. 10 . đ?œ‡1. đ?‘‘1 = 1,26. 10 đ?‘”đ?‘’ =

đ?‘š2 . đ?‘•. đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘˜đ?‘”

đ?‘š2 . đ?‘•. đ?‘ƒđ?‘Ž đ?‘˜đ?‘”

đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ ,đ?‘¤ − đ?‘ƒđ?‘’ 461 − 360.9 đ?‘˜đ?‘” = = 0.79. 10−4 2 đ?‘§đ?‘’ 1260000 đ?‘š .đ?‘•

 đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ - quantity of condensed water, measured in  đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ = đ?‘‡đ??ž đ?‘”đ?‘– − đ?‘”đ?‘’ = 0.28

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š2

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š2

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9.4 During evaporation period

During evaporation period the condensed water shall be evaporated, i.e. đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ ≤ đ?‘Šđ?‘›  đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ - quantity of condensed water, measured in  đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ = 0.28

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š2

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š2

 đ?‘Šđ?‘› - water able to evaporate  đ?‘‡đ?‘˘ = 1440đ?‘• = 60 đ?‘‘đ?‘Žđ?‘Śđ?‘ is period of evaporation  đ?‘Ąđ?‘– = đ?‘Ąđ?‘’ = 18℃  đ?œ‘đ?‘’ = đ?œ‘đ?‘– = 65 đ?‘ƒđ?‘– = đ?‘ƒđ?‘’ =

đ?œ‘đ?‘– . đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ 65.2065 = = 1342 100 100 đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ = 2065

�� =

đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ − đ?‘ƒđ?‘– −4 đ?‘˜đ?‘” = 2,76. 10 đ?‘§đ?‘– đ?‘š2 . đ?‘•

�� =

đ?‘ƒđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ − đ?‘ƒđ?‘’ −4 đ?‘˜đ?‘” = 5,74. 10 đ?‘§đ?‘’ đ?‘š2 . đ?‘•

đ?‘Šđ?‘› = Tu đ?‘”đ?‘– + đ?‘”đ?‘’ đ?‘Šđ?‘› = 1.224 đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ ≤ đ?‘Šđ?‘› → 0.28 < 1.22 → There is no accumulation of moisture.

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Condensed water vapor inside the element is not a reason for damages to structure of the materials if the moisture content of the material in condensed zone is less than maximal allowable moisture content and quantity of water accumulated by diffusion is evaporate. đ?œ’đ?‘˘đ?‘˜ < χđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ đ?œ’đ?‘˘đ?‘˜ = đ?œ’đ?‘&#x; + ∆đ?œ’đ?‘‘đ?‘–đ?‘“đ?‘“ ∆đ?œ’đ?‘‘đ?‘–đ?‘“đ?‘“ =

100đ?‘Šđ?‘˜ đ?‘‘đ?‘§ .đ?œŒ đ?‘œ

is quantity of water accumulated by diffusion.

It is driven by the difference due to difference in pressure  đ?‘‘đ?‘§ , đ?‘š - real thickness of condensation zone Conditional đ?‘‘đ?‘§ is taken to be 1cm  đ?œ’đ?‘&#x; – equivalent moisture content Quantities of đ?œ’đ?‘&#x; and χđ?‘šđ?‘Žđ?‘Ľ are different for the different materials in accordance with Appendix 4, table 2 â€œĐ˜СŃ‡Đ¸Ń ĐťĐ¸Ń‚оНни и ĐźĐ°ĐşŃ Đ¸ĐźĐ°ĐťĐ˝Đž дОпŃƒŃ Ń‚иПи Ń Ń‚ĐžĐšĐ˝ĐžŃ Ń‚и на Đ˛ĐťĐ°ĐśĐ˝ĐžŃ Ń‚Ń‚Đ° на Ń Ń‚Ń€ОиŃ‚оНни прОдŃƒĐşŃ‚и (ПаториаНи)â€? from the Norm’s requirements.  đ?œ’đ?‘˘đ?‘˜ – moisture content of the material in condensation zone  đ?œŒđ?‘œ - density of material in condensation zone, taken in

đ?‘˜đ?‘” đ?‘š3

For layer 1 – HD brick masonry âˆ†Ď‡diff =

100.0,28 0,01.1400

= 2%

χr = 1,5 → χuk = 1,5 + 2 = 3,5 χmax = 4 > 3,5

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Bibliography 1. Наредба №7 от 15 декември 2004г. за енергийна ефективност, топлосъхранение и икономия на енергия в сгради 2. Lecture notes during the course of Building insulation 3. Bachelor thesis on comparison of thermal insulation materials, Chaykovskiy German,December 2010, Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences 4. Efficient energy thermal insulation façade systems for optimal savings and flexibility in architectural design; M. Kirn and G.K. Rouni; International Workshop on Energy Performance and Environmental Quality of Buildings, July 2006,Milos Island, Greece 5. Guide to Building Energy Efficient Homes , Robert L., Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky 6. Sto® brochure for wall insulation, UK November 2010 7. ETTCS Installation Guidelines; Baumit® brochure for external wall insulation; Version April 2010 8. EPS Heat Insulating Composing System; Baumit® brochure for economical external wall insulation; Version April 2004

Company's publicity materials 1. Baumit® technical datasheets for : Baumit open plus, MPA35, StarTex, StarContact, UniPrimer and NanoporTop 2. Baumit Thermo2 – program for calculation of thermal insulation 3. Rockwool® technical datasheet for Airrock ND

Museum Gallery of Modern Art

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