Experiences over Possessions: Architecture for Transient Millennials by Hafiizh Arief

S C H O O L O F D E S I G N A N D B U I LT E N V I R O N M E N T D E PA RT M E N T O F A R C H I T E C T U R E

EXP E R I E N C E S OVE R PO SSE SSI O NS A R C H I T E C T U R E FOR TRA NSIENT MIL L ENN IA L S HAFIIZH ARIEF

THIS THESIS IS PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE OF CURTIN UNIVERSITY

JUNE 2018

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DECLARATION

This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgment has been made.

Signature 5th June 2018

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to take this opportunity to thank those who were close to me during the entire time of my studies for the support and continuous push. To my parents, thank you for supporting me unconditionally and giving me the push to complete my architecture course. Thank you for taking care of me at my worst times. I wouldn’t have come to the end of my studies without the endless encouragement and support. To my supervisors, Chamila Subasinghe & Elizabeth Strauss, for whom gave me guidance throughout this dissertation and mentorship.

To my fellow SHRUB members, the last three years has been the most memorable, a ‘unique’ experience that I will cherish for years to come. Thanks for the fun times we’ve had and the stressful all nighters we’ve had at university and the memorable study trips we’ve been through. Finally, to all my tutors and group members that I’ve been with, thank you for the engaging classes and sharing knowledge, from every studio and each project has been a unique experience which I will highly value.

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EXPERIENCES OVER POSSESSIONS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSIENT MILLENNIALS

Thesis Type: 70% Design / 30% Written Name/ID: Haf iizh Arief 16946129 Supervisor: Dr. Chamila Subasinghe Arachchilage Advisor: Elizabeth Strauss Unit Coordinator: Reena Tiwari 03

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TABLE OFCONTENTS

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[01]

RE S E A RC H STAT E ME N T BAC KGRO U N D L I T E RAT U RE RE VI E W

[02]

T HE O RE T I C A L F RA ME WO RK C A S E ST U DI E S

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DE S I GN PRI N C I PL E S E X PLO RAT I O N PRE C E DE N T DE S I GN C RI T E RI A DE S I GN BRI E F

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SITE CONTEXT S HA RI N G E C O N O MY F I N A L DE S I GN

RE F E RE N C E S

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FIG 1. NEST (AU T HO R 20 1 8)

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R E S E A R C H STAT E M E N T With the movement of young Millennials that value experiences over ownership, young adults today avoid the f inancial and physical burden that comes with ownership prefering to pool in resources and share amenities with others. There is a large gap between two generations that exists, the baby boomers and the Millennials which is mostly caused by the great recession and in result skipping over an entire generation, generation x. The Millennials, born in the 80s to 2000 are digital natives which have come of age during the time of globalization, economic disruption and technological change, has given Millennials different set of priorities, behaviors and experiences shaping how they live, sharply different to its previous generation. The challenging issue for this emerging generation is the lack of housing opportunities and available housing that meet their needs because of changing priorities in different stages of their lives to facilitate their changing lifestyles, signif icantly different from past generations. Multi-housing and apartment buildings today is observed to have a lack sense of social coherence through its spatial conf igurations – making it an emotional disconnect from its community where Millennials desire to have an emotional connection and place a very high value on experience. Focusing on the aspect of shared living spaces, how will medium rise buildings meet today’s young Millennials diverse avenue of needs and wants, understanding how the millennial generation occupy and use space to address their new hierarchy of needs and adapt these growing trends to architecture. Shared living spaces (Co-living), in major cities are on the rise as Millennials today seek more of a sociable and active lifestyle where young people have less money to spend, encumbered with debt and have different priorities to suit their lifestyle. This ref lects on the movement of young people valuing experiences over possessions where Millennials avoid f inancial and physical burden that comes with ownership, giving a rise to the ‘sharing economy’. Due to the evolution of technology, which brought the concept of working from home, f lexibility on hours, the traditional notion of home gets radically altered.

Responding to the disruption, the aim of this dissertation is to design housing for transient Millennials where it facilities this emerging lifestyle of co-living and co-working environments, to deliver unique experiences where it has a higher value placed on them than possessions, curating places and experiences that the emerging generation desire and value highly. How can architecture facilitate the emerging lifestyle of the M i l l e n n i a l g e n e ra t i o n w h e n t h e w o r k i n g p a ra m e t e r p e n e t ra t e s t h e home?

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B AC KG R O U N D.

The focal cohort of this dissertation is the Generation Y or also known as Millennials, born between the years of 1982 to 2000, specif ically at the point in life of Millennials where they on their f irst job and moving to new cities due to work and career prospects. Research done by Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) shows that 94% of 15-29 year olds desire to have own their f irst home by the age of 30 but doubt their ability to reach that stage to do so (Cassells and Harding 2007). A large percentage of Millennials, 40%, believe that homeownership wont be achievable in their lifetime because of inf luencing factors such as low income, high expectations and different priorities (Patterson 2007). It is also argued that the cost of housing is increasing making it unaffordable for f irst home ownership for Millennials, struggling to enter the housing market (Pleffer 2007). Even though rising cost of housing making Millennials delaying their f irst home ownership and their desire to, it is strongly driven by an emerging generation where expectations and level of standards is inf luenced by social media and the internet.

Perth’s current condition is argued to have one of the lowest population densities compared to other countries and it is said to be unsuited to the issues of societal, economic and environmental challenges which has come to light in this generation today. The Department of Planning (2014) have estimated that the population of Perth will steadily increase to around 7 million by 2050 and urban sprawl could be an issue as it may be vulnerable to ineff icient land use to cater the increase of Perth’s population. A signif icant portion of the population will be generation y compromised of teens and young adults, children of the baby boomers. Around 900,000 homes is projected to to be built on nonurbanised areas in the suburban areas in 2037 which 4,000,000 people are expected to call Perth as their home but how are they being curated to the current generations needs, in this case the Millennials where they have a vastly different set of expectations of the places they live in, work, play and visit. According to Julian Bolleter (2013), a medium rise mixed use housing typology is the natural response to the inf lux

of population which will cater diverse the needs and wants, but they are seen as uniform, generic and concealed medium rises within its own skin that doesn’t compel people to consider it as a housing lifestyle option. The experience of Perth has always been that of a landscape rather than a ‘concrete jungle’ which Western Australians are proudest of but when there is a need to inf ill in these natural areas that contribute create the feel and identity of Perth, in reality the needs of todays generation are not just buildings but rather places and experiences. This research will explore various typologies of different home environments for Millennials which in turn will create a new housing typology in Perth for transient millennials promoting its social-cultural diversity, where unlike any other youth generation seen before being more numerous, ethnically diverse, having better education and more aff luent.

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FIG 2 . C O -L I V I N G ( AU T HO R 201 8)

FIG 3 . G E N Y CHA RACT E RI STIC S ( AUT H OR 2 01 8)

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LITERATURE R E V I E W.

“ M I L L E N N I A L S A N D H O M E : U N D E R STA N D I N G T H E N E E D S O F T H E M I L L E N N I A L S G E N E R AT I O N IN THEIR LIVING ENVIRONMENT” BY KATHERINE TIMMERMAN (2015)

A dissertation called “Millennials and Home: Understanding the Needs of the Millennials Generation in their Living Environment” by Katherine Timmerman (2015) explains that social trends inf luence Millennials housing desires and needs where housing location is seen as an important factor in choosing their place they would call home. An urban environment is the most suitable environment for Millennials that provides young Millennials with available and different opportunities for a place to socialize, work, transportation options, entertainment, all within a desired close proximity Pendall (2012). Strauss and Howe (1992, 32) def ines generations as “people moving through time”, where

characteristics of each generations is def ined and inf luenced by signif icant and important events that occurred in their stages of life. An important characteristic of young Millennials is that they are an intelligent generation, aged between 20 to 30 they move into adulthood as unique individuals that have characteristics of being “self-expressive, independent, conf ident, not afraid of change and liberal” PRC (2010). The stereo of Millennials being f inancially irresponsible is false, in fact they are extremely cautious and think twice when it comes to purchases, the reason for this is the result of the economic recession that played an important role in how Millennials make important decisions in their lives. It is

apparent that young Millennials that are entering the workforce struggle to f ind their f irst jobs and starting their careers, this setback inf luences their priorities in how they go about in reaching their long term goals, for example delaying marriage and home ownership, however, Millennials are determined to strive to success and they believe that they will eventually become f inancially stable and reaching how they see themselves, this creates the foundation of understanding what drives them, motives and how their characteristics were formed through past events.

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” E X P E C TA T I O N S , I D E N T I T Y A N D A F F O R D A B I L I T Y : T H E H O U S I N G D R E A M S O F A U S T R A L I A’ S G E N E R A T I O N Y ” B Y M E L A N I E B R U C E & ST E P H E N K E L LY ( 2 0 1 3 )

A research study called ”Expectations, Identity and Affordability: The Housing Dreams of Australia’s Generation Y” by Melanie Bruce & Stephen Kelly (2013) questions Millennials on their expectations and affordability on their f irst home. Even though own home ownership is deeply ingrained in the Australian culture, levels of home ownership is stable but housing affordability has signif icantly dropped in the last ten years due to the increase of cost relative to income AMP.NATSEM (2008), this is due to Millennials encumbered with debt and their low income. To understand the Millennials expectations and needs, in

relation to their housing dreams in Australia, Melanie Bruce & Stephen Kelly (2013) states that Millennials in Australia has grown up in believing in ‘the great Australian dream’ which is inseparable from home ownership, the concept of a symbiotic relationship between nature and culture. Home ownership brings along a sense of independence and somewhat of an entitlement but the expectations of young Millennials and older in relation to their f irst home depends directly and inf luenced by their earning capacity, which signif icantly exceeds it because of their expectations. While the rise of housing cost is a proposed

reason to be the delay for home ownership for Millennials, Pleffer (2007) states that the Generation Y struggles to enter the housing market due to very high housing expectations in relation to quality and experience and argues that young Australians are used to a very high standard of living and now demands a home that is well located, spacious, affordable and socially ‘acceptable’. These needs and wants are inf luenced by the time of age they grew up in where everything they see in social media inf luences them.

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LITERATURE R E V I E W.

TA K E 7 : H O W A R C H I T E C T S C A N M A K E A D I F F E R E N C E BY LONDON AND ANDERSON (2008, 138)

Take 7: How Architects Can Make a Difference by London and Anderson (2008, 138) explores the potential and design principles for a multiple occupancy housing for multi-generations as a sustainable and affordable response to the social changes and demographics changes today. There is demand for housing in Sydney where over the next two decades will come from the changes of household structure, where the number of single person households are on the rise. London and Anderson (2008) questions whether the current trend is to build more new housing is an economical, socially and environmentally the best response. There is a pressure for additional housing where current housing typologies in Australia

arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t able to accommodate multi-generational families to suit their needs, which is socially unsustainable. The average household of Perth is declining according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013) due to the increase of lone person households, one parent families and fewer child families. The outcome is there will be various and diverse needs of different types of households where diverse housing options will be needed. The socio-cultural is an essential component in creating a medium-rise housing design framework which this dissertation will explore and develop. West Australians has a special culture and lifestyle where there is a

direct link between nature and culture, a symbiotic relationship. Shane Grieves (2009) states that we should take that advantage not only through architectural expression but the integration into the the spatial relationships between the house and the site, and the house and the street to design compelling medium rise housing for people. Focusing on the social and economic relationships between the housing and the people to create the design framework will be crucial which is often overlooked. Through this, closely knit communities can be established within the dwelling extending to the community.

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FIG 4 . I N D I V I D U A L TO P RI VATE ( AUT H OR 2 01 8)

VISION So how will the emerging lifestyle of the Millennial generations’ diverse avenue of needs and desires can be facilitated where there is a gap in the housing market, understanding how the millennial generation occupy and use space to address their new hierarchy of needs and adapt these growing trends to architecture? Without carefully designing homes with an integration of social and the cultural sense in mind for the future, the loss of having a sense of identity and communities of different generations between

neighbours and residents is at risk in the result of the doubled population in 30 years time. Focusing on the Millennial generation to design a housing typology that suits their ever changing needs while also being harmonious with the generations before them. The aim of this dissertation is to develop a new medium rise housing typology for the young Millennial generation specif ically for those who are entering the workforce after graduating and

those moving into new cities due to work, exploring the concept of a ‘Sharing Economy’ in Perth creating a design framework in efforts to address the needs and growing trends of Millennials and adapting it to architecture, where the environment and experience can morph to suit the ever changing needs of Millennials at their different stages of lives. Focusing on the work continuum to facilitate the work and live lifestyle of young adults in todays generation.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK & Q U A N T I TAT I V E R E S E A R C H To further understand the focal cohort of the young Millennials, research of their key characteristics and what separates them to previous generations to understand their motives and needs that will influence the design of this dissertation. MILLENNIALS AND THE MINIMALIST MOVEMENT.

The growing trend of minimalist movement in Millennials is apparent, in order to understand Generation Y’s general mindset and how the minimalist fashion came to be, further research on the sociocultural context will be done. Despite Millennials being the best educated generation in Western and Asian history, Millennials struggle in f inding career prospects and lack of direction due to the global economic recession Altavena (2012). In result of this Millennials have become frugal and are conscious in purchases, actively reconsidering of material possessions detaching from the materialistic, and putting a high value on quality and experiences, thus the growing movement of minimalism in the emerging generation. In a world full of bombarded cluttered information and data, Millennials are f inancially weak and only seek what is only essential and plain Millennial Marketing (2010). Young Millennials desire

a less cluttered life when only keeping things necessary to them closest, a more meaningful life and experiences over possession creating a balanced life over the previous generation Graham (2010). Cheuvront (2010) discusses that minimalism has become an important factor in a young Millennials adult’s life, touching upon one area or another. One social trend that ref lects this movement in this emerging generation is the iPhone, a prime example of minimalist movement in Millennials where majority has chosen iPhones for its clean elegance, eff iciency, and has made the unnecessary redundant. Understanding the mindset of young Millennials and their motives is important, observing the paradigm shift that seems to occur in the younger stage of Generation Y. The social trend of space eff iciency and space utilization is important to young Millennials, as they are an active generation in a sense where ‘making lives a lot easier’, is an important factor in their day to day lives. SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY. Millennials are known to have no direction in terms of future goals, free spirited and known to wander to gain experience and work their way up on the ladder even if it takes a considerable amount of time of

their life. Developing a sense of community for Millennials needs to be considered and it is important in inf luencing how a young Millennial develops their social identity. In building a sense of community, one of the important aspects is social identity theory or in other words how a person perceives their membership with a particular social group, described by Chow & Healey (2008). The social identity theory was developed by Henri Tajfel, as he def ines it by “individual’s self concept derived from perceived membership of social groups” which means a person’s interaction with others inf luences our self perception and derives from interaction, Tajfel (1981, 250). A young Millennial’s physical and social relationships would signif icantly impact a person’s social identity. Social identity is important as it links an individual to the social world providing connection between a Millennial and society through their identity and relationship with a certain social group or groups. The design proposal of a multihousing building with an environment that includes spaces that will promote connection and social interaction to enhance young Millennials social identities within the community within the building proposed.

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SOUR C E : AU ST RA L I A N BU R E AU O F STAT I ST I CS (2 004 , 4 8)

PERTHS HOUSEHOLD TYPES & FUTURE POPULATION PROJECTION. Understanding the types of household trend and projections is important as it will be crucial in the designing component of selecting what will be relevant in the near future of Perth. Analysing the current density of average household size will also determine the numbers of persons per household in the future. Taking these results into consideration will shape the spatial conf igurations and qualities of experiences of the multi-housing design project of this dissertation. The current trend in looking for a house to live in is not the quality and experience of spaces but we rather seek dwellings for the investment, the potential for a higher positive f inancial gain, Allon

(2008, 10) explains, “Our belief in the myths of real estate – that house prices will always go up – that you can’t lose on land, that there’s nothing as safe as houses – is underpinned by a kind of irrational exuberance”. Projections for the number of households from 2001 to 2026 done by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004, 48) is expected to increase from 724,000 in 2001 to a 1.2 million increase in 2026 which is an estimated of 49% and 60% increase. Western Australia will be the second fastest growing state with a high population growth of 33% at 2026 and expected to double at 2050. The major contribution to the fast household increase in Western Australia is partly to the rapid increase of a single or lone person households which is becoming a trend today. The projections done by the ABS is set

to increase from 179,000 to 428,000 single person households towards 2026, an increase of 72% to 139%.

The average household size of the number of people is currently declining as it has been since the early 1990s at around 2.8 to 2.1 in 2001 and consistently decreasing to 2.3 in 2026 per household. The declining size of households does not apply only to Perth but also nationwide. According to the ABS, there is a fast increase of a number of couple families with no children which is partly a major inf luence of the decline.

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PRECEDENT STUDY Analysing different typlogies and various types of spaces through precedent studies will help in creating a design criteria for the emerging transient millennial lifestyle in aim to generate a typology to facilitate their social needs and desires. CHARLES CORREA 1989

ARTIST VILLAGE: BELAPUR

KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS

The belapur incremental housing project by Charles Correa is a proposal for mass affordable housing in New Bombay which has demonstrated how a higher density living could be successfully achieved with a low-cost courtyard homes built with raw and simple materials.

A 1970 apartment building, Charles Correa designed it in a way which ws oriented east-west to catch the prevailing sea breezes located on a hilly landscape of Bombay, India.

These courtyard homes are based on clusters between seven and twelve pairs of houses being arranged surrounding communal courtyards. In relation to the design exploration for the typology proposed for this dissertation, taking how Charles Correa has used a cluster typology in generating a socially cohesive typology, the arrangement gives ample amount of open and green spaces, it helps facilitate a sense of identity and belonging through clusters. Furthermore it provides occupants enhanced interactions and collisions which young millennials desire.

Analysing the program and typology, the apartments are arranged in a way which has clearly in reference to Le Corbusiers Unite d’Habitation. The main difference between the two is the openings in Correas design. Le Corbusier incorporated horizontal corridors. The kanchanjunga apartment design only has two apartments on each f loor with a core in the middle for vertical transport. Correa also uses split levels that created a spacial sphere in the living room spaces in the design.

Through studying the analysis of Correas apartment typologies, the strong concept of vertical gradation and the opening up of levels between f loors creates unique experiences with amiable amount of natural lighting and his concept of creating loggias gives occupants a generous open spaces for residents.

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FI G 5 . I N CRE ME N TA L V I L LAGE ( C ORRE A 1 9 9 6)

LI V I NG S E RV I CE S CO URTY ARD

FI G 6 . P RI N CI PA L S E CT I O N ( C ORRE A 1 9 9 6)

KA N C H A N J U N GA A PA RT MENTS - CHA RL ES CORREA

UN IT E D ’ H A B I TAT I O N - LE CORBU SIER

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CASE STUDIES

18 FIG 7. NIGHTINGAL E FREMANTL E B Y EHDO (EHDO 20 1 7 )

EHDO NIGHTINGALE FREMANTLE BY EHDO ARCHITECTURE. A housing project proposed by EHDO Architecture called Nightingale Housing where its site is situated in Fremantle, looks at how it aims to create affordable housing models that have been particularly designed to successfully achieve social and environmental benef its for cities, not only promoting market commodities but also the building of communities. In relation to this dissertation, the Nightingale Housing project is driven by the reality of home ownership, how for people in Australia, targeting young adults, do not have the

means into their f irst home in result moving away from it. The response is the increase and rise of apartments in the suburbs but does not make housing more affordable for young Australians nor does it improve the quality of life in relation to quality neighbourhood design, housing typology, the access of services and amenities and most importantly community building. This case study specif ically achieves affordability where it differs from typical housing developments and home builders by selling housing directly to the homebuyers, a model where it cuts off ‘add-on’ costs such

as marketing costs, agent fees etc. Nightingales core values for this project are of social, environmental and long term f inancial sustainability, where the home buyers are involved directly in the design process, this also comes with the sense of ownership in the outcome building a stronger community in the process. EHDO architecture aims to create apartments that compel families in an attempt to change the perception of how families need large suburban blocks with large gardens and backyards, also exploring how the community and building can signif icantly reduce costs to the tenants.

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FIG 8 . N YC S P I RA L B Y ACT L AB ( AC TLAB 2 01 7 )

THE NYC SPIRAL BY ACTLAB The model aims to address the impeding issue of shrinking and compartmentalisation of individual space in dense cities. The strategy focuses on the interaction of expandable micro-units with a network of shared interior spaces vertically distributing light, air and a new active communal life New social relationships in

communal space and reinforcing domestic life is the main focus of this project. Traditionally, architectural elements form the space, and program are f illed into space. In this case, activity [through furniture] precedes the importance of architectural elements in terms of forming social relationships between different living conditions. By studying social conditions through furniture, which

facilitates different activities, new organisations of “community” can be formed before the architectural elements are designed. This study explores the possibilities created by compressing program within individual dwelling units to free up space for “sharing”, spaces to be redef ined and negotiated to create new possibilities for living.

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CASE STUDIES

F I G 9 . S HA RE HO US E ( ARC H DAILY 2 01 4)

SHARE HOUSE LT JOSAI, JAPAN BY NARUSE INOKUMA ARCHITECTS. In this design, focus was given to the fact that it was a newly constructed building, and the share house spaces were ctreated through a reconsideration of the building’s entire composition. The shared and individual spaces were studied simultaneously and, by laying out individual rooms in a three-dimensional fashion, multiple areas, each with a different sense of comfort, were established in the remaining shared space. While the entrance hall with its atrium and dining table space are perfect for

gatherings of multiple people, the corner of the living room and spaces by the window are great for spending time alone. The program works by having each room having the shared space infront of it where residents take ownership in whats directly adjacent of their rooms. The cluster typology is also effective in creating a close knitted ‘family’ where social interaction is highly promoted.

JO&JOE Jo&Joe is a new lifestyle brand pitched at millennials and offering affordable accommodation that has been designed as a ‘living space’ or innovative ‘open house’ – it’s a place to promote social interaction and foster positive community, an integral part of the neighbourhood, where there is always something going on. The new proposed typology f ills in the missing gap of the housing market where the needs and desires of Millennials where the experiences and vibe is created by the residents, not the building.

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FIG 10. MO R I Y A MA HO U S E BY AC T LAB ( DE Z E E N 2 01 4)

MORIYAMA HOUSE BY KAZUYO SEJIMA RYUE NISHIZAWA. This project has explored the possibility of multi occupants within a conventional site in Tokyo (Suburb). Provides f lexibility for the owners. Planning and arrangement of each dwelling space Is dominated by multiuse spaces that allow for adaptability over time as the

lifestyles of occupants change. Unconventional arrangement of structure that allows for f lexibility in occupations among residents.

morphing to suit the occupants lifestyle over time will be a design criteria which facilitates the emerging millennial lifestyle.

The private spaces ties the shared and surrounding public zones together creating a balance of what is being shared to individuals and priavte individual spaces. In relation to this dissertation, the ability of adaptability and

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DESIGN PRINCIPLES

[01]

The f inal part of the design component will be the design outcome from the overall response to the technical research and literature reviews through out the dissertation. The design response will be a structured process initially starting from a macro scale design which includes site selection to the the study of its environment. The micro scale of the concept of the design project focuses on how the proposed typology will facilitate the needs of the millennials. The design principles are derived from research which are carried throughout the design process that will be used to achieve the design goals and facilitate the transient Millennial lifestyle of the work and live continuum and balance thus creating a new proposed housing typology.

F IG 1 1 . DE S IGN P RIN C IP LE S ( AUT H OR 2 018 )

TRUE INCLUSION

SPACE UTILIZATION

HIGH MOTILITY

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HIGH MOTILITY

SPACE UTILIZATION

TRUE INCLUSION

Designing for short term spaces that allows for the emerging lifestyle where uncertainty is an important characteristic of the Millennial. Having access on demand and the diversity of spaces when they desire. Creating spaces which allows occupants to use freely and be able to adapt to their lifestyle

Creating spaces where it allows to be used for different functions at different times of the day to suit the needs of the Millennials of different disciplines. Optimizing the space needed to create spatial eff iciency.

To create permeability - spaces where people are willing to enter and where anyone feels they can own the space and feel comfortable. Aiming to achieve economic permeability, where activites and opportunities inside the building are for all people.

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WO RK TO L I VE BA L A N C E

M A X I M U M P E RS O N A L FLEXIBILITY

DESIGN CRITERIA MAXIMU M PE RSO N A L F L E X I B I L I T Y

W O R K TO L I VE BA L A N C E

S HA RE D S PAC E S

The design will have optimum use of space while offering a extremely high quality of life with generous spaces. Also to include spaces where residents are able to use freely and adapt to any activity and not limited to.

The idea of being able to work at home and having the opportunity to grow as a business while growing as a person at the same time through balance between the two. This will be achieved through transitional spaces between private to semi public to public spaces creating a balance of gradation without losing privacy when working from home.

Essentials such as the kitchen, dining and lounges will act as social spaces and be interpreted in a new way where millennials percieve these spaces as social spaces and being open and shared to others.This creates a nuturing community where residents benef it from each other through the pooling of resources.

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25 S H AR E D SPAC E S

D I V E RSI T Y O F T YPE S O F SPAC E S

DIVERS ITY

Economic permeability where activities and opportunities is for all people will be achieved through the diversity and diverse range of spaces giving the design options for residents to adapt to their lifestyles and facilitate transiency. Also the idea of where people can feel they can own the space and willing to enter.

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DESIGN PROCESS CONJECTURING CURRENT APARTMENT TYPOLOGIES Exploring how the working parameter enters the home and testing how different typologies may facilitate the transient lifestyle.

C O- L I V

PUB L IC

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VING

C O -WOR K

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FIG 1 2 . T HE S HA R I N G E C ON OM Y ( AUTH OR 2 01 8)

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THE SHARING ECONOMY CONCEPT

The holarchy of sharing def ines spaces and activities shared between people in the design proposal. It shows the levels from the individual to the public, how the spaces for young Millennials are composed and what they share. Looking at the circulation of space from the communal to other areas such as the kitchen, each cluster of individual space shares a living area and communal space which are for the benef it for all residents. The gradation of the section between f loors shows the levels of sharing from individual spaces to public spaces and in-between. T HE S HA RI N G O F S PAC E S A I MS TO C RE AT E A C LO S E - KN I T C O MMU N I TY TO AC HI E VE A S E N S E O F BE LO N GI N G FO R MI L L E N N I A L S

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TO P : HO L A RC HY O F S HA RI N G BOTTO M: C U RRE N T & F U T U RE T RA N S I E N T MI L L E N N I A L L I F E ST YL E

HABITS, RITUALS & CUSTOMS The holarchy of sharing def ines spaces and activities shared between people in the design proposal. It shows the levels from the individual to the public, how the spaces for young Millennials are composed and what they share. Analysing the current trends of young Millennials in the home and the work continuum, their trait where being uncertain of their near future and careers plays an important role in how they live and work when being away from home. In terms of their social lives, young millennials put a high value on communal spaces where they feel that they can belong and take ownership of the space surrounding them while having a level of privacy when they need it. In relation to work where technology has given the opportunity for todays generation to work anywhere, transient millennials require spaces during the day that allow them to work eff iciently individually or collaboratively.

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FIG 13. HAB ITS, CUSTOMS & RITUA LS (AU T HO R 20 1 8)

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F I G 1 4 . S PACT I A L ADJAC E N C Y ( AUT H OR 2 01 8)

DESIGN BRIEF & PROGRAMME Exploring the arrangements of living spaces spaces and working spaces where transient millennials have access to their needs and facilitate a lifestyle where uncertainty can change their workf low and day to day lives. Taking inspiration for Charles Correa (1996) the stacking of f loors and vertical gradation of level of privacy creates a typology and economy of a work and live environment. Stacking of f loors on certain levels also creates a balance of privacy where the co-working f loor and co-living f loor meets which is important to consider and explore.

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DESIGN B RI E F / ESSENTI A L S PAC E S FO R M IL L E N N IA L S

FIG 15 . D E S I G N B RI E F ( AU T HOR 2 01 8)

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SITE CONTEXT

The selection of the site is important and integral in understanding the housing desires and needs of millennials. Analysing the housing market and demographics of suburbs within close proximity of the CBD will help in choosing a suitable location for the proposed design. Preston (2014) states that majority of generation y consider living in a small dwelling within close proximity of the city that a dwelling further out. Research f inds that Millennials is moving to look for new ways to work and live meaning a different way in how they travel to work and move within the city. Searching for a home that has direct access to essential amenities and everyday needs which can include social needs, work, study and even entertainment creating a unique experience.

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The f igure on the right analyses places of work, entertainment, leisure and education facilities in relation to the proximity of the CBD where millennials tend to move towards in looking for career prospects or work.

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WORK E N T E RTA I N M E N T PA R K & LEI S U R E E D U C AT I O N FAC I LI T I E S FIG 16 . P E RT H CI T Y MA P P I N G ( AUTH OR 2 01 8)

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SITE SELECTION

Mount Lawley is the selected site for it being one of the only arteries that link straight to the centre of the CBD creating a highly reliable bus network and lessen commute time for work. [01]

“Urban living makes sense for these young people: compared with suburban living, cities often provide young adults more opportunities to switch jobs, meet friends and potential spouses, enjoy entertainment outside their homes, live without a car, and travel to other parts of the country and world” (Pendall, 2012, p.).

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FIG 17. B EAUFORT STREET TO CB D (AUTHOR 201 8)

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MOUNT LAWLEY DEMOGRAPHICS The study of age demographics, households size, methods of travel to work, types of housing tenure of Mount Lawley suggests that there is a signif icant number of percentage that work at home, rent and 1 person households, and aged 2--24 where in relation to the housing market and trends there is no typology that caters the emerging lifestyle of transiency.

[01]

The mapping of Mount Lawley to the right helps pin point the clientelle for this dissertation and housing needs that will facilitate the work and live lifestyle.

FIG 18 . MOUNT L AW L EY CENSUS (AB S 20 14 )

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‘ M U LT I - S K I L L E D GENERATION’ Generation Y is also known as the multi-skilled generation where the convergence of different professions and disciplines have been manifested into something beyond just one singluar projects (Ericsson AB Group, 2014). The proposed design will explore how transient millennials can work together in harmony with different disciplines at the same time F I G 1 9 . T RAN S IE N T M ILLE N N IAL C AS E S C E N ARIO (AUTHOR 20 18 )

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FIG 2 0 . CO -W O RK I N G F LO OR S KE TC H ( AUT H OR 2 01 8)

41 TRENDS INFLUENCING THE DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE WORKSPACES In a time where four generations exist, it is the f irst time where they are all sharing the same workplace. With the attitudes of millennials have towards work and a rapidly changing workforce come with a change of expectations, attitudes towards how they see work, and their workplace preferences and desires. Research done in the United States has found that millennials in terms of their ideal work place environment, are work spaces that are generous in space, social, f lexible and an environment that encourages collaboration and integration with technology (Grand Rapids, 2011)

to bring multi-generational groups together harmoniously in a building targeted towards transient Millennials.

On ref lection, how can the tyopology of the co-working f loor create the right environment

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SITE STUDY

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The chosen site is located on Beaufort street where it caters for the Millennials of vibrancy and active lifestyle. Marked in red is the food district where at night tends to become lively and busy. In relation to the clientelle where experiences are highly valued upon, Beaufort street is chosen for this dissertation and exploring how the home can integrate with the surrounding community.

F I G 2 1 . MO U N T LAWLE Y LAN D US E S ( AUTH OR 2 01 8)

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SITE PLAN

7 3 6 B E A U F O R T S T, M O U N T L A W L E Y. 45

The chosen plot is on the corner of First Avenue and Beaufort Street where it is in a very close proximity to a bus stop, leisure, Copley park, Swan River and other desires of the transient millennial. Furthermore, the location of the site has diverse types of businesses, food districts and also dwelling types which is important that will help in creating a typology where diversity is encouraged and emphasised to meet the desires of what millennials seek for in terms of location.

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REFERENCES ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2013. Australian Population Projections. Cat. No. 3222.0. Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/ abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3222.0Main%20Features112012%20(base)%20to%2021 01?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3222.0&issue=2012%20(base)%20to%20 2101&num=&view=. ActLab. 2017. the NYC Spiral. http://www.actlabnyc.com/portfolio/urban-apartment/ Allon, Fiona, R. 2008. Renovation Nation Our Obsession with Home. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd. Alexander, C., & Ishikawa, S. 1977. A pattern language: Towns, buildings, construction. New York: Oxford University Press. AMP.NATSEM. 2008. Wherever I Lay My Debt, That’s My Home. Canberra: NatSem. Altavena, L., 2012. One In Two College Graduates Is Jobless Or Underemployed. New York Times [online] 27 April 2012. Available from: <http://thechoice.blogs.nytimes. com/2012/04/27/one-in-two-new-college- graduates-i-jobless- or-underemployed/> 88

Archdaily. LT Josai / Naruse Inokuma Architects” 18 Apr 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Jun 2018. <https://www.archdaily.com/497357/lt-josai-naruse-inokuma-architects/> ISSN 0719-8884 Bolleter, Julian and Richard Weller. 2013. Made in Australia: the future of Australian cities. Apollo Books. http://link.library.curtin.edu.au/p?pid=CUR_ALMA2189508010001951 BCG (Boston Consulting Group). 2012. The Millennial Consumer: Debunking Stereotypes. Cassells, R., and A. Harding. 2007. “Generation why?” AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth, Report, no. 17,Canberra. Cheuvront, M., 2010. The Rising Trend of Minimalist Marketing. [online] 29 April 2010. Correa, Charles. 1996. “Charles Correa (with an essay by KENNETH FRAMPTON)(L: T&H).” Department of Planning. 2014. “State Planning Strategy 2050”. Australian Government. https://www .planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/State_Planning_Strategy_2050.pdf EHDO Nightingale 2017. Access 5 Jun 2018. nightingalehousing.org/ehdo-nightingalefremantle/ El Nasser, H. (2008, December 4). Less is more in new housing. USA Today. Fong, Lina. 2016. “Super Kampong 2050: Towards a Self Suff icient Vertical Urbanism in Singapore”. Masters Thesis, Singapore University of Technology and Design. https://issuu. com/linamusing/docs/masters_thesis_food_kampong_2050

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Graham, D., 2012. Meet Generation M – minimalists trying to live better by cutting clutter consumption. Grand Rapids. 2011. “Gen Y United States” p. 57. Greive, Shane, and F. M. McKenzie. 2009. “A Local Housing Strategy in Inner City Perth.” Perth: Curtin University ofTechnology. http://link.library.curtin.edu.au/p?pid=CUR_ ALMA51115846720001951 London, G., Anderson, S (ed). 2008. TAKE 7: Housing Australia: How architects can make a difference. Australia: Australian Institute of Architects (Series: TAKE: 7) Melanie Bruce & Stephen Kelly. 2013. Expectations, Identity and Affordability: The Housing Dreams of Australia’s Generation Y, Housing, Theory and Society, 30:4, 416-432, DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2013.767279 Millennial Marketing, 2010. Millennials Becoming ‘Minimalists’. [online] Available from: <http://www.millennialmarketing.com/2010/05/millennials-becoming-minimalists/> Dezeen. Moriyama House. 14 April 2017. Access 5 Jun 2018. https://www.dezeen. com/2017/04/14/edmund-sumner-decade-old-photographs-ryue-nishizawa-seminalmoriyama-house-photography-architecture-residential-japanese-houses/

Patterson, B. 2007. “A–Z of Generation Y.” Herald Sun 08 July 2007. http://www. heraldsun.com.au/ news/victoria/a-z-of-generation-y/story-e6frf92f-1111113909372. Pendall, R. (2012, September 27). The Next Big Question Facing Cities: Will Millennials Stay?. Urban Institute. Retrieved October 15, 2013, from http://www.urban.org/ publications/901530.html Perkins, B. (2013, May 31). Millennials Say They Don’t Want a Home Like Their Parents’. Realtor Magazine. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from http://realtormag.realtor.org/dailynews/2013/05/31/millennials-say-they- dont-want-home-their-parents Pleffer, A. 2007. The Houseless Generation. Brisbane: McCrindle Research. Keller, Suzanne. 2004. “Community: Pursuing the Dream, Living the Reality.” Princeton University Press. Princetonand Oxford. Rosenf ield, Karissa. 2014. “ODA Aims to Bring “Qualities of Private House” to MultiFamily Housing in Brooklyn”.Daily Arch.Accessed 8 May 2017. <http://www.archdaily. com/561215/oda-aims-to-bring-qualities-of-private-house-to-multi-family-housing-inbrooklyn/>. Sneha Coutinho. 2016. Accessed 5 June 2018. https://www.slideshare.net/snehacoutinho/ charles-correas-incremental-mass-housing-project-artist-village-belapur

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Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (1991). Generations: the history of America’s future, 1584 to 2069. New York: Morrow. Tiong, Kevin. 2012. “Housing Proposition: From R12.5 to R80: A New Housing Model for Perth.” Masters Thesis. CurtinUniversity of Technology. Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. C. 1986. The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall “The Power of Convergence,” MIT News, Accessd May 4, 2011, http://news.mit.edu/2011/ convergence-0104. Titley, Leo. 2015. “Living with Less: Investigating The Myths and Perceptions Underpinnings Perth’s Housing Culture.” Masters Thesis, Curtin University of Technology.

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D I S S E R TAT I O N C O N C L U S I O N

This dissertation explores on the idea of the working parameter penetrating the home where the evolution of technology brings the f lexibility on hours, working at home which in result the traditional notion of home gets radically altered. A new housing typology based on a sharing economy model is proposed where a new living environment facilitates young Millennials with a nomadic lifestyle potentially enabling them to work from home without f inancial burden and ownership.

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