Theatre in Naumburg | Thesis by Haik Badalian

Architecture design for complex construction studio 2 politecnico di milano school of architecture,urbanism and construction engineering course of studies in building architecture a.a. 2019-2020 thesis:

crystals of naumburg theatre for 400 people in the ex prison

Supervisor:

folli maria grazia

students:

ekaterina korshunova 883844 hayk badalyan 903556

Co-Supervisors: corrado pecora Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue francesco romano giovanni dotelli Collaborators: francesco giansiracusa fabio dellaarciprette Solmaz Sadeghi Khasraghi martina colombo eu silvestri Ersilia Brambilla

Index • Abstract • Introduction

7 9

• Saxony-Anhalt General information History of Saxony-Anhalt Population

10 10 11 12

• Naumburg General information History of Naumburg Old Town of Naumburg Naumburg Attractions

• Integrated Urban Development Concept INSEK Naumburg 2028 Objectives Process, Participants, Content, Financing Contemporary Urban Development History of Naumburg

36 37 38 41

• Economic and Tourism Development Concept Initial Situation Process Project Objective, project result and sustainability

• Contemporary Architecture Nowadays

• Prison of Naumburg History

• Crystals of Naumburg Architectural Proposal Innovative Materials Structural Design Building Services BIM

66 70 112 136 152 172

17 20 25

43 44

Abstract

The first part of the study briefly renders a historical development of the urban context within which the project is being developed as an architectural topic. However, the objective is not to trace a chronological or typological development of the subject, but to understand the historical points of origins that enact compositional quality of such a sensitive site as the historical core of the city of Naumburg. In essence, the topic is approached from the perspective of dealing with the collective memory of the space in relation to its impact on the overall regeneration, or even more so, evolution of the urban structure. Further on, facing the challenge of interpreting the so present footprints of the local spatial principals, the newly proposed Crystal blocks tend to dissolve the particularly rigid and peculiar character of the preceding prison assembly into a distinctive environment. As such, in an urban scale this current scenario would act as not only an entrance gate, but as a relevant public nucleus. Apprehending the respective nature of the prison and the theater as institutions, their astounding dichotomy have established the leading design paradigm. However, rather than simply pursuing plain programmatic requirement: a theater building, what has instead posed as a challenge, was to provoke its introverted character by the always present awareness of the surrounding. As a result the theater is configured by a composition of volumes which are scattered in a pattern that corresponds to the urban tissue and architecture wise its transparency is translated by their materiality giving it a sense of crystals, penetrating deep into the ground where they generate the structure entity of the theater.

INTRODUCTION

The project Crystals of Naumburg represent theatre for 400 persons in Naumburg, administrative district of Burgenlandkreis, state Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany in the ex-prison area, facing the problem of the integration and the rehabilitation of the area, as well solving the isolation and regeneration in the urban context. The project itself represents a competitional project held by the Government of Naumburg in 2018, and had been participated by Politecnico di Milano, course building Architecture, lead by Maria Grazia Folli and Maria Pinardi/visiting professor/ in 2018 February, where in the end of the course the committee from Naumburg Government was present for the presentation. The chosen architectural way of design was selected due to long site analysis, urban analysis of the Saxony-Anhalt and Germany, and city context analysis, as city Naumburg itself presents small historical city, which includes vital historical monuments such as Naumburg Cathedral, that had been included in UNESCO World Heritage. Each wrong intervention could have been quick noticeable, also keeping in mind that the given area by the Government of Naumburg for the theatre was in front of Main Gates, on the one of the principal entrances to the city and city center at the same time, also near ex Royal Court building and prison area with what the in the project we have tried to deal, as well as to design a suitable theatre bearing in mind this rich and yet comparably unknown area.

General information city: Naumburg, Burgenlandkreis, state: Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany - State Saxony-Anhalt

map of Saxony Anhalt

history Saxony-Anhalt is a state in Central Germany covering 20447.7 sqm and has a population of 2.3 million, 108.69 inhabitants per km2 that makes the state 8th largest state in Germany by area and the 10th largest by the population. The capital of the Saxony Anhalt is Magdeburg, which is the second largest city in the state. Saxony-Anhalt was a Land of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 to 1952. It is surrounded by the states Lower Saxony to the Northwest, Brandenburg to the East, Saxony to the South and Thuringia to the Southwest. Approximately two-thirds of the landscape is located in farmland; the remaining one-fifth is covered by forests. Most of Saxony-Anhalt has a temperate climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, though the climate of the Harz is harsher.

The vineyards of the region Saale-Unstrut-Triasland near Naumburg

Agriculture in Saxony-Anhalt plays a dominant and vital role, however it has a quite modest role in total output and employment of the whole state. The productive lowlands of the Börde region and of the Saale and Mulde river valleys contribute to the the cultivation of rye, wheat, barley, rape, sugar beets, and fodder crops. Such fertile agriculture has contributed to the rise to important local food-processing industries, especially sugar-refining and flour-milling. Cattle are also raised, and cheese production is also implemented by the state residents. The heathlands produce some rye, potatoes, and cattle.* The population of Saxony-Anhalt is mainly composed of ethnic Germans. This means that no significant indigenous people, as minorities, live in the state and the number of foreign population is quite too small. Starting from the mid20th century, the number of state’s populations decreased drastically, losing almost one-fifth of its residents between 1960 and the beginning of the 21st century. Densities of population vary greatly, from the lightly populated north to the quite densely populated Börde region and industrialized, urbanized south.

Saxony-Anhalt’s demographic statistics: population considered from 1990 till 2016 in comparison with total population in Germany

Saxony-Anhalt’s demographic statistics: population considered from 1991 till 2017 in comparison with neighbor states The line charts are taken from the googles demographical statistics

Saxony-Anhalt’s demographic statistics: population considered from 1991 till 2017

As it shown from the provided demographic statistic line chart from 1991 till 2017 the population decreases, mainly by the males in consideration that they left state for moving other stabile states from economical point of view, despite the Industry in Saxony-Anhalt is widely diversified and includes everything from automotive supply production and mechanical engineering to information technology, biotechnology, and medical technology. However, the real economic powerhouses are the logistics, renewable energies, and chemical industries.

Saxony-Anhalt’s demographic statistics: males population considered from 1991 till 2017

Saxony-Anhalt’s demographic statistics: female population considered from 1991 till 2017

Naumburg

Naumburg is considered as one of the most beautiful cities in Central Germany. The almost 1000-year-old cathedral city in the center of Saale-Unstrut, the land of wine and stone, has many historical treasures to offer to its visitors.

history

Naumburg 1605, Wilhelm Dilich

Naumburg’s first written record dates back to 1012, when it was mentioned as the Ekkehardinger’s new castle, the Meissen Margrave. It was established at the crossing of Via Regia and Regensburg Road, two trade routes. In the Merseburg Bishops Chronicles in 1021, the effective founding of a Propstei Church on the site of the which Naumburg Cathedral was mentioned.

In the Middle Ages, Naumburg was a major trading center on the Via Regia, especially due to the Naumburg Trade Fairs, which first took place in 1278. The Naumburg economy was adversely affected by the rise of Leipzig as a trade fair hub from 1500 and the Thirty Years War. In the middle of the 16th century, the ecclesiastical domain was secularized and transferred to the Dukes of Saxony, who has been in charge of administering the district through a government endowment (Stiftsregierung) and subsequently assigned administrators. Following the fraternal agreement between the four brothers of John George I, Elector of Saxony, in 1657 the district of Naumburg came into possession of the Saxe-Zeitz secondogeniture, which Moritz, the youngest of the family, inherited. Prior to the construction of the Moritzburg castle nearby Zeitz, the city castle in Naumburg served as the residence of for this line. The death of the last Protestant representative of the Saxe-Zeitz line has put the end to this period in the year of 1718. The district of Naumburg returned in Dresden to the Dukes of Saxony and was fully integrated into Albertine Saxony. Nevertheless, the seat of its own regional authority (Consistory of the Naumburg-Zeitz district) existed until 1815.

Naumburg appr. 1880

Naumburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Vienna Congress in 1815, becoming part of the Province of Saxony. It took control of the cathedral in 1832 and its closure. The city was linked to the railway line from Halle to Erfurt in 1846, to Artern in 1889 and finally to Teuchern in 1900. A steam tramway was opened in Naumburg on September 15, 1892. The Naumburg tramway was electrified from 2 January 1907. Naumburg was a center for mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, metalworking and footwear manufacturing under the German Democratic Republic. It was also the Soviet Air Forces garrison town. Unofficial figures are that roughly the number of Soviet military forces is equal to that of the local population. Demonstrations and demonstrations followed the fall of communism in 1989.

Old Town of Naumburg Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the architecture of both the bishop’s district and the old town, still intact to this day, was developed. These feature a number of high medieval buildings such as the cathedral itself, the romanic residential tower next to the cathedral, the market square’s early gothic residential tower, and the city wall. At the beginning of the 11th century, Naumburg, a bishop’s seat and an important marketplace, was founded. It was first mentioned in the 1012 records. The early history of the city of Naumburg is closely linked to the Ekkehardine dynasty, Emperor Conrad II and Bishop Hildeward of Zeitz, who moved the family seat from Kleinjena to their estate at the new castle in Naumburg (Nuenburch) around 1028.

Certificate Naumburg

For decades, the cathedral district (cathedral precincts, cathedral town) and the civil district as well as the two monastery immunities coexisted and were distinctly divided by fortifications, creating districts subject to special rights.

Naumburg’s overview

Naumburg’s master plan 1921

Naumburg 1946, Museumsverein Naumburg

The cathedral city with a unique character

Above all, it is the well-known founder figure Uta in Naumburg Cathedral, the most important building from the time of the High Middle Ages. It was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage in 2018. With the cloister, the cathedral garden and the surrounding Curia buildings, it forms one of the outstanding architectural ensembles in central Germany.

St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral

St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral, the cloister

The next historical monument is the 72-meter high tower of the St. Wenceslas Church, which promises the best views over the Old Town. The church also houses the largest Bach organ in the world, offering musical highlights all year round.

St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral

Another unique thing is the “Wild Zicke,” so call the Naumburg tramway. The cars embody all types of vehicles produced in the GDR and make it possible to experience the unique charm of Naumburg on a “historic track.”

The market square Renaissance buildings with steep roofed attic spaces

Road to the church of St. Wenceslas Town houses of different eras

Renaissance buildings

The narrow alleys of Naumburg

The preserved fortifications

Artisan houses

INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT INSEK NAUMBURG 2028

Naumburg - historical, modern, ecological

INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT INSEK NAUMBURG 2028 OBJECTIVES

The integrated urban development concept (INSEK Naumburg 2028) of the city of Naumburg (Saale) has been developed for the purposes of strengthening the future development of the entire area of the city of Naumburg as a residential location in the region with a high quality of life. This is the first time when the entire urban area with all city and district parts thereof has been completely and entirely considered. For the rational use of financial and natural resources, the future functional tasks of the individual city and its districts, their significance to the town as a whole, their connections and division of functions among themselves as well as cross-regional networks are considered and assigned. This new interaction between the city of Naumburg, the city of Bad Kösen and the suburbs should create added value to the town as a whole and will undoubtedly result in the facilitation od investment decisions. It has been decided that several funds and financial resources shall be directed for urban redevelopment. Moreover, a myriad of entire urban development subsidy and other support programs shall also be considered, e.g. for rural development or school subsidies. Thus, this planning and development concept forms one of the most important bases of action for the administration and preparation of investments in the area of the city of Naumburg.

Process, participants, content

Following the adoption of the resolution of the local council of the city of Naumburg on March 6, 2013, which was made to address the issue of continuation of the urban development concept of the city, the INSEK Naumburg 2028 has been developed in three consecutive steps. Part A - Analyzes, Evaluations, Predictions; Part B – Mission Statement; Part C – Objectives and Strategies INSEK Naumburg 2028 has been created with the involvement of the various departments of the administration, the members of the local council and local administrative bodies, external experts and as well as the citizens themselves. Fundamentals of the concept included the data on population and housing development, the technical and spatial concepts of the city, as well as the key objectives and concrete sub-goals. On the basis of the following five topics, by considering strengths and weaknesses, development potentials and needs of the following action plans “targets” were first developed: Urban space and living; Economy and tourism; Infrastructure and mobility; Socio-culture and sport; Landscape and climate.

Process, participants, content

The above-mentioned five action directions form the basis of the mission statement of INSEK 2028. (Part B, the description of which in more details is available in German at the following link:( chrome-extension:// gphandlahdpffmccakmbngmbjnjiiahp/https://www.naumburg.de/de/datei/anzeigen/id/34766,1164/3_endbericht_ insek_naumburg_teil_b_2016_12_19_gesamt.pdf) The mission statement as Part B of INSEK 2028 formulates the orientation framework for administrative action built to be achieved till the 1000th anniversary of the city, which is the year of 2028. Part C of INSEK 2028 “Objectives and Strategic Measures” includes the new spatial development profile and the action lists based on the results of Parts A and B. The spatial development profile shows the basic strategic orientation of the individual town and city districts. It fully describes the position of each urban and district part in the structure and what contribution it can make to the development of the entire city. The list of measures is divided into two identical catalogues, taken into consideration the need for time prioritization: high priority actions to be initiated and completed by the year of 2020; and Subordinate priority actions, which should be initiated from 2021 onwards.

Participants The development of the concept Part A (2014/2015) and C (2016) was carried out by the city planning office Dr.Ing. Schwerdt from Dessau-Roßlau (Mr. Krmela, Mr. Raksi) with the assistance of the Timourou office, Droyssig (Mr. Jacobs). The development of the model for the city as a whole was moderated and formulated by the Gesellschaft für Marktund Absatzforschung mbH (GMA, Dr. Donath) from Dresden in autumn 2015.

Financing: The concept was funded by the urban development program “Ost” supplemented with the funds from the city of Naumburg. The financing of the individual measures depends mainly on the allocation of subsidies, which usually require assistance from the municipal budget. A small number of resources are expected to be received exclusively from the city budget if no alternative funding is available. Other measures are financed externally, e.g. by foreign and local investors, but this still requires monitoring by the local administration and decision-making by the political bodies of the city. The abundance and quantity of measures to be taken for the development of urban concepts far exceed the potential financial volume. Nevertheless, it shows the need that exists, as the future funding arrangements of the state, the federal government and the EU are unknown.

contemporary Urban development history of Naumburg

The first urban development concept for the city of Naumburg was presented in 1991. It contained an extensive analysis, as well as development planning, with recommendations for action. On December 12, 2001, the integrated urban development concept 2001/2002 (SEK 2001) was adopted by the municipal council as the basis for urban redevelopment. The concept was the starting point and the first step towards urban redevelopment under newly formulated framework conditions. The reason for this was the structurally induced housing vacancies, which mainly affected the municipal housing company (GWG). In the context of declining population numbers, strategies to reduce the housing surplus were to be developed, which contained guidelines for the next ten years. The next update with respect to the urban development concept was necessary for 2009, which has been conditioned by the development of the zoning plan because, due to further decreasing population figures, an adjustment of the residential potential in the land use plan had to be made. The results became part of the land-use plan Naumburg 2009. The above-mentioned urban development concepts have been considered in the current existing urban development plan.

Economic and tourism development concept Initial situation: The last economic and tourism concept of the city of Naumburg (Saale) dates from the year 2000. However, since not only the areas of business and tourism have started to be developed fast, but also the city and its tourists’ and citizens’ needs, it has been decided to create a new and contemporary concept, which will comply with the current existing situation. It should have been not just a further development of the old concept, but a complete restructuring and update of the database as well as the derivation of new goals and projects for the city. In January 2015, the GMA was assigned to be in charge of the creation and development of the above-described fresh new concept. The project was divided into six parts: Actual analysis; Derivation of strengths and weaknesses, as well as potentials; Discussion with representatives of various interest areas (expert discussions); Presentation of interim results; Derivation of priorities and first projects; Concept development and coordination, as well as confirmation from the political bodies.

Process: The actual analysis was carried out in several parallel steps. On the one hand, primary data was collected, and secondary statistical data was researched. It was based on the data provided by the city administration (e.g. household data, tourism data, economic data, etc.) and the data available in various institutions (e.g. employment agencies, statistical offices, etc.). At the same time, numerous on-site inspections took place. Moreover, there was constant coordination with the responsible authorities within the city administration (in particular: business promotion, tourism, urban planning and statistical offices). In addition, all the restaurants, services and vacancies in the city center were surveyed. From the analysis of all this collected data, the first strengths and weaknesses of the city profile were derived. In the meantime, there were expert discussions with about 40 participants who have assigned to contribute their expertise to a specific field of action. These expert opinions were captured and structured. All findings and results obtained so far were presented to the Economic and Social Committee in a detailed as-is analysis on 16 June 2015 and put up for discussion. The main findings of this analysis have also been included in the INSEK.In December 2015, the draft concept of the city of Naumburg was submitted. The respective committees (Economic Committee and City Council) have discussed it and later on confirmed it as an official economic and tourism development plan of the city of Naumburg.

Project objective, project result and sustainability: The economic and tourism concept enables the city of Naumburg (Saale) to target the development and city enhancement potentials and build them up in the future, thanks to the collection of the most vital economic facts. The main objective was not just a mere collection of facts, but also the coordination of future, shared goals with the local key actors. The mission statement of the city of Naumburg (Saale) refers to the next 9-10 years (1000th anniversary of Naumburg – the year of 2028) and is aimed to enable a sustainable analysis and presentation of the development goals in the economic and tourism sectors.

Contemporary architecture of nowadays In the home of the family of his aunt, the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche spent his childhood and later years in Naumburg. The building is now a museum, known as the Nietzsche-Haus.

The Nietzsche Documentation Center, 2010

Contemporary architecture of nowadays

New residential development Jacobsgasse, 2013

View of Naumburg Prison with active WWII-era buildings highlighted in blue. The administration building / courthouse may be seen at lower left.

History of the prison

The facility of the prison goes back to a here originally existing royal jury court . The jury court met from 1849 in Naumburg. The first hearing took place under the chairmanship of appellate court judge Schmaling on 1 September 1849 against the tailor Arnold because of suspected street robbery instead. Arnold was 10 years imprisonment cnvicted. From 1855, the court building of the royal jury court, which today serves as the administrative building of the penal institution, was built in front of the Salztor on the grounds of the former Voigt Theater with major structural problems . The construction cost 63,199Taler and was moved on 10 October 1859. The building already had a prison area. .

In the court of the court between 1865 and 1935 a total of 10 death sentences were executed. The first execution took place on May 23, 1865. Böttcher journeyman Christian Ferdinand Kropf was executed for murdering his parents and brother

The former courtroom in the apse of the building, the original interior equipment Is no longer existent.

The monumental staircase with columns to the former courtroom.

The first prison building was constructed 1859. The story-addition date from 1971. Drawings take from Naumburg Archive

The first prison building was constructed 1859. The story-addition date from 1971.

The prison section of the building has been continuously expanded. From 1877 to 1879 the cultivation of a side wing took place. The prison then served as a women’s prison. Already since 1876 there was an area for juvenile offenders. From 1901 to 1905 was another side wing, which was used until 2012 as a remand prison.

During the National Socialist era , political prisoners from several countries were detained at the Naumburg Prison, including the British from the German-occupied Channel Islands , where they would have to do forced labor under inadequate living conditions. Of the eleven prisoners from the Channel Islands imprisoned in Naumburg, only six the Channel Islands imprisoned in Naumburg, only six survived.

Article taken from : Hotel and houses planned: JVA Naumburg is demolished | MDR.DE

Watch tower

1993/1994 the penal institution was extensively renovated, and the security technology was fundamentally renewed. In addition, a new kitchen tract was created in 1996/1997. During this period, the watchtowers were completely renewed. Further renewal measures followed. In 2001, the previously rehabilitated health department was given a so-called intervention room for minor surgical procedures. From 2006, an SEK command post was established in the prison. In 2010, the prison Naumburg was incorporated as a field office in the prison Volkstedt . As of September 30, 2012, the field office was closed. 1993/1994 the penal institution was extensively renovated, and the security technology was fundamentally renewed. In addition, a new kitchen tract was created in 1996/1997. During this period, the watchtowers were completely renewed. Further renewal measures followed. In 2001, the previously rehabilitated health department was given a so-called intervention room for minor surgical procedures. From 2006, an SEK command post was established in the prison. In 2010, the prison Naumburg was incorporated as a field office in the prison Volkstedt . As of September 30, 2012, the field office was closed.

Article take from : Hotel and houses planned: JVA Naumburg is demolished | MDR.DE

In March 2019, the facility of the Naumburg Prison was sold to the investor group Projektgesellschaft Mitteldeutschland (PGM). The entire complex is to be demolished except for the listed jury building , which was built in 1859. After the demolition, a hotel, a gallery, a wine house and multi-family houses are to be built on the site Despite the plans of the Investor groups some representative of German government were against of the total demolition of the total building complex that has already created a history. Also considering that in the past on the ex-prison area was a theatre and Nowadays Naumburg needs a professional theatre for its performances. Also the advertisement and the renewal of the city, as the city has a great history and culture, which could be transferred with the theatre, that can be gathering place for all the Saxony-Anhalt.

Article take from : Hotel and houses planned: JVA Naumburg is demolished | MDR.DE

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1- The old „Reichskrone“ on Theaterplatz, 2- The actual theater, 3- Area of the old prison

Ex-prison into theatre competition poster in German

Crystals of Naumburg / The theatre

Despite its smallness the city has quite huge history, and this can be step to the rehabilitation and renovation of the city or even of the region. Having a theatre in Naumburg specially in the place of the old prison has very attractive aspects, for bringing audience to the old town. Also having theatre has the symbolic point, prison itself is somehow a theatre, it’s the theatre of different characteristic people, living their role and life in given specific time, not as in life, unknown period but a given time. This is somehow compatibility from a point of view of function use, sending the old function to the vocation, or somehow improvement of the old function through positive direction. The theatre is also need for the inhabitants of the city of Naumburg, as theatre were always a gathering place, started from the first day of its existence till nowadays.w

One of the problems of this intervention is that the given area of the upcoming theatre is near the Royal Court building, which itself historical building and in its way a monument, if we keep in mind the thoughts of Alois Riegl, an Austrian historian, which in his Modern cult of monuments: its charter and its origin, in 1903 wrote… …a monument…is every realization of man, which has at least 60 years…

Main façade of the Royal Court Backyard of the Royal Court

Area of the new theatre Royal Court

ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL

Another problem was to connect given part with the city centre, having the highway that disconnect, and also having historical monuments in the other part, which nowadays are the sight seeing of the Naumburg, which has the ranking of the visiting places for the tourists. So by making intervention in the given area is not only about the problem of the existing monument near, but also not to disconnect the circle of the visited monuments.

Studies about the area were focused mainly on the issues how to solve already discussed problems. Started from the zoom in to Naumburg and zoom out from it: the main road that goes to Naumburg, the public transport, how inhabitant of Naumburg spent their time, local places and so on. The other part of studies included history, historical events, celebrities. From the studies we have found out that Naumburg Region is quite famous with its wine and has also an old celebrity connected with it, we have though that this idea of winery can somehow be connected with the theatre, as the theatre is the gathering place also for celebrating this kind of events. Also new interventions in the town were seriously studied by us. As already was mentioned Naumburg is quite historical town. We have tried to study and to analyze the new interventions, the details, the philosophy of it, as time shows that they were integrated quite harmoniously and were accepted by the inhabitants of the Naumburg. We have made a deep study on the urban contest and the urban development of the town, the composition of the context. We have looked at the zoning of the different areas and we have found out the similarity in the urban composition and development in the all areas, except the prison area. We have thought that if we need to make this part of the zone open, the area should somehow be cleaned, for that reason we have thought to make some intervention in the existing buildings, which could lead us to our point. The other action is to connect the two part of the city, that is divided by the highway, by architectural tools. In this case architectural tool are to stones with the greens, which can reduce the speed of the cars, and make people and cars use the street at the same time.

The next action was to connecting the already discussed urban development, by repeating them till composition will become the same.

By this we thought to have some point that can help us to develop our theatre. Each boxes or houses that we have got has its own role.

By yellow color highlighted buildings or part of the building that are going to be demolished Axonometry existing situation

Axonometry of the proposed theatre

The theatre itslef presents an underground place, at the same time having the relationship with outside with the skylight boxes. The entrance to the theatre take from the first box, by stairs or by elevators that takes you immediately in to the foyer, from where you have the access to the wine showroom and to the auditorium. Building presents 40 m length open space, which were provided by the steel truss system, inside of what building service were designed respectively. There are two levels for accessing to the auditorium as shown in the level explode picture. The Royal Court Building were redesigned as wine show room place,restaurant and cafe, cultural space. The second building after the Royal Court-main prison building were not convenient for any use, for its levels heights 2.4m, which lead to demolition of the floors, and the building became total open space, with new light steel structure, which is semi open garden that have access from the street that takes you to the open garden. The third u shaped building transformed into the school and youth hostel.

Master plan

0.000 level plan

-9.400 level plan

-15.100 level plan

Section of the theatre

Interior view of the entrance

Interior view with the entrance stairs

Main Facade

Section of the theatre in the context of the city

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Making opening on the former prison fence wall by this making the simulation of the prison, giving the memory and feelings of the prisoners while they were in their cells looking out from the windows, as well making visual connection with the vilas near by, by this keeping avoiding the isolation of the area as a public space.

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Night view from the Naumburg Cathedral to the theatre, by showing the integration of the upcoming theatre in the historical city context

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Night view from the St. Wnezel’s Church to the theatre, by showing the integration of the upcoming theatre in the historical city context

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View to the theatre from the Main Gates

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View to the theatre and ex Royal Court

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Innovative materials

As it may seen from the 3D section view boxes presents itself channel glass fixed on the steel structure. In the box of auditorium and fly tower after the channel glass there is the second leyer:wood board for acoustic.

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Axonometric level explode of the first box by showing the used materials

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Detailed section of the first box

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Detail 1

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Detail 2

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Detail 3

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Detail 4

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Used materials description: glass

For the channel glass which cover boxes , we have choose BENDHEIM company’s product as they were more suitable from point of view of appearance and resistancy, considering the location of the project.

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Channel Glass Characteristics

Solar™ Channel Glass (Ultra-Brilliant Low-Iron or Regular) CATEGORIES: Channel (U-Shaped) GlassTextured GlassEcoGlass™ • Application: Interior, Exterior • Composition: Regular or optically-clear (low-iron) glass, including up to 40% post-consumer recycled glass • Installation: Approx. ¼”-thick lightweight glass in channel form is relatively easy to install, especially with the smart design of Bendheim’s channel glass wall systems. No specialized training is required. Any competent commercial glazier with curtainwall or storefront installation experience can handle the channel glass installation. Cranes are not required, as individual glass channels are lightweight. The channels can be glazed on site or pre-assembled at the glazier’s shop using Bendheim’s unique unitized channel glass systems. • Approx Dimensions: Length = up to 23 ft. (7 m); glass is fabricated to specified length. Width = 10.3” (260 mm). Flange depth = 2.4” (60 mm). Thickness = 0.28” (7 mm). Maximum size depends on wind loads, glass safety option, and other factors. Custom sizes may be available, • Approx Weight: Approx. 5 lbs/ft² (24.5 kg/m²) for a single layer of channel glass (single-glazed configuration) • Safety Options: Standard, Tempered • Maintenance: Bendheim glass is easy to maintain. cleaning with warm water and a lint free cloth (terry cloth). Conventional nonabrasive glass cleaners may also be used.

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• Performance Characteristics: Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) = 77% for double-glazed, uncoated, ultra-clear (low-iron) channel glass / 72% for doubleglazed, • Testing: Bendheim tempered safety channel glass is 100% heat soak tested (test is recommended for all exterior tempered glass applications), and Safety Glazing Council certified. It meets the requirements for ANSI Z97.1 & the Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC 16FR, Part 1201 – Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials. Heat soak testing minimizes the risk of spontaneous tempered glass breakage as a result of nickel sulfide inclusions. • Potential Leed Credit: EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance MR Credit 4: Recycled Content IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces IEQ Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces • Thermal Performance Options: • Thermal Performance Coatings: Low-E & Azur (special production) • Thermal Insulation Interlayers: Okapane (acrylic tubes) & Wacotech TIMax (fiberglass)

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The physical properties of glass Glass is an amorphous solid formed by rapid melt quenching. The rapid cooling process prevents crys- tallization from taking place and the glass solidifies into an amorphous state. The internal amorphous structure of the glass is what it allows to pass through it with minimal diffusion, th lending it its transparency. Glass can be produced from various chemical elements, but usually the principal component is silicon dioxide, which is why we often talk about silicate glases. The silicone may be derived from sand, quartz or flint. The most common type of glass used in manufacturing, known as soda-lime glass, contains quartz, sodium, calcium and a small percentage of other materials which influence its color. Protecting glass is important to protect glass surfaces from corrosion and scratching. Above all, should be taken in stacking glass in which situations should be a physio-barrier between adjacent nes. Typical barrier materials include paper and dust. This paper is used for this application, its use is not recommended. The glass is manipulated and packed mechanically, grains of plastic are preferable as a barrier material and, furthermore, they are effective absorber of acids which could cause corrosion. Whichever material is used to pack the glass it will need to be removed when the glass is processed. after

120

Used materials description: Wacotect Glass Insulation

For the glass insualtion we choose the same company’s product: BENDHEIM

121

Wacotect Glass Insulation Characteristics

Wacotech™ TIMax Channel Glass Insulation • Composition: Glass fibers coated with a UV-stable binding agent • Application: Interior, Exterior • Installation: Inserts in the cavity of a double-glazed channel glass wall. It is hung with factory-installed hook strip, silicone at the top, and continuous transparent tape on one side. The material arrives cut-to-size from the factory, and can be easily re-cut in the field to meet job conditions. • Approx Dimensions: Factory cut-to-size, compressible; Thicknesses = 2.75” (70 mm – GL), 4” (100 mm – GL Plus); can be easily cut to size in the field to meet site conditions • Approx Weight: 0.25 lbs/ft² (1.25 kg/m²) • Maintenance: Wacotech TIMax insulation is securely inserted and sealed inside the cavity of a double-glazed channel glass wall, and does not require maintenance post installation. • Performance Characteristics: Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) = 48% (GL) / 23% (GL-Plus) U-Value = 0.24 (GL) / 0.19 (GL with Low-E) / 0.19 (GL-Plus) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) = 0.43 (GL) / 0.24 (GL-Plus) STC Rating = Brings an improvement of 1-2 dB soundproofing • Testing: Fire-retardant material with Euro class B1 test certificate Potential Leed Credit: EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces • Options & Customizations: TIMax GL: 2.75” (70 mm) Thickness TIMax GL-Plus: 4” (100 mm) Thickness

122

Used materials description: stone tile

For the outtside and inside floor cladding we have choose MARAZZI company Basalt is a volcanic stone, used in architecture for centuries. Although basalts boast the durability of a granite, they have the consistent coloration, markings and subtlety of a limestone. Basalt is neutral in color and doesn’t etch when exposed to acidic foods, making it popular kitchen countertop material.

123

For the steel structure we have choose the MONSTANSTAHL company.

124

Metals have been used for millennia and continuous applications. Research is focused on the enhancement of strength, resilience and conductivity of electricity. In the field of construction the major goal is to create more strengths and lower weight that will allow the creation of lighter structures. Metal foams are starting to be used in their technical properties but also for their aesthetic properties. High quality today to be important in modern material technology. In architecture, metals started to play a prominent role only after their industrialized production became possible. Although they have excellent properties such as ductility, elasticity and isotropy they also have some ecological shortcomings that have been made apparent as architects have become more interested in such matters. The (and high price) metals such as steel and extraction and processing of metals are activities that require great amounts of energy and are often highly polluting. Ceramics and wood processing titanium are also becoming more common in some small-scale applications. Titanium has also become important in the form of titanium dioxide as the basic material for the creation of pollution-reducing coatings and materials. Metal is also a common material. in the development of digital fabrication techniques The most spectacular technical advances in metal technology have yet to find their way to architectural applications. Research is focused on the enhancement of strength, resilience and conductivity of electricity. In the field of construction the but is the creation of steels and other alloys wit eater strength and lower weight that will allos he creation of lighter structures. Metal foams are starting to be used in their technical properties but also for their aesthetic properties. High quality (and high price) metals such as stainless steel and titanium Titanium has also become important in the form of titanium dioxide as the basic material for the creation of pollution-reducing coatings and materials. Metal is a common material in the development of digital fabrication techniques. MONSTANSTAHL Stainless steel and bronze tiles Lineage tiles are made from solid stainless steel and bronze. They bave a living finish, with no coatings or chemical patinas applied over the metal. The surface of the line has been used to wear out. The inspiration for Lineage came largely from carving printmaking methods dating back to the 16th century. The tiles can be used in virtually any application: wet and dry, indoors and out, on walls and floors, countertops and fireplaces, showers, pools and even the highest traffic applications. The stain-less steel range is rust-resistant and holds a beautiful luster.

125

Horizontal layers U Value calculation without grass

126

127

128

129

Horizontal layers U Value calculation with grass

130

131

132

133

Structural Design For having total open underground space with the span of 40m, we chose steel truss system, where according to calculations the height of the structure is 2.6m. The choosen structure and its height were suitable also for putting the HVAC and Vertical Duct system inside. Steel truss system sitting on the two bearing walls. In some places, for example auditorium, workstation, there are additional walls as bearing walls. Axonometric view of the buildings strucutre with the truss system and bearing walls

134

Axonometric view of the buildings strucutre with the truss system and bearing walls

135

Perspective view of the structure

136

For doing the structural analysis we used MIDAS GEN software

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM DIAGRAM MOMENT-y

3.18203e+001 2.57686e+001 1.97170e+001 1.36653e+001 7.61363e+000 0.00000e+000 -4.48970e+000 -1.05414e+001 -1.65930e+001 -2.26447e+001 -2.86964e+001 -3.47480e+001 SCALEFACTOR= CB: CL

1.0000E+000

MAX : 11385 MIN : 1

FILE: TRUSS ONLY UNIT: kN*m DATE: 11/09/2019 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612 Y:-0.612 Z: 0.500

Axonomeric view of the strucutre made in MIDAS GEN with calculation of Beam Diagram

137

Axonomeric view of the strucutre made in MIDAS GEN with calculation of Beam Force

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM FORCE MOMENT-y

3.18203e+001 2.57686e+001 1.97170e+001 1.36653e+001 7.61363e+000 0.00000e+000 -4.48970e+000 -1.05414e+001 -1.65930e+001 -2.26447e+001 -2.86964e+001 -3.47480e+001 SCALEFACTOR= CB: CL

1.0000E+000

MAX : 12301 MIN : 12275

FILE: TRUSS ONLY UNIT: kN*m DATE: 11/09/2019 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612 Y:-0.612 Z: 0.500

Axonomeric view of the strucutre made in MIDAS GEN with calculation of Beam Stress

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM STRESS COMBINED

1.87589e+004 1.32343e+004 7.70976e+003 0.00000e+000 -3.33939e+003 -8.86397e+003 -1.43885e+004 -1.99131e+004 -2.54377e+004 -3.09623e+004 -3.64868e+004 -4.20114e+004 SCALEFACTOR= ST: DL

1.0000E+000

MAX : 12275 MIN : 12306

FILE: TRUSS ONLY UNIT: kN/m^2 DATE: 11/09/2019 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612 Y:-0.612 Z: 0.500

138

Axonomeric view of the strucutre made in MIDAS GEN with calculation of Displacement

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR DISPLACEMENT RESULTANT

2.47838e-004 2.25308e-004 2.02777e-004 1.80246e-004 1.57715e-004 1.35185e-004 1.12654e-004 9.01231e-005 6.75923e-005 4.50615e-005 2.25308e-005 0.00000e+000

SCALEFACTOR= CB: CL

1.0000E+000

MAX : 11385 MIN : 1

FILE: TRUSS ONLY UNIT: m DATE: 11/09/2019 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612 Y:-0.612 Z: 0.500

139

For the strucutre of boxes above the truss system we did calculation manually,by hand.

Axonometric level explode highlighed by red color the choosen steel strucutre, by showing part of the truss system and bearing walls

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

Building services Axonometry of the all vertical duct system

150

Axonometry of the all HVAC system

151

Località

Dati Generali

Temperatura esterna progetto

Escursione termica giornaliera*

ΔTe

Umidità assoluta esterna massima

Milano

Latitudine

°C

*Valore compreso fra 5 e 17 °C

°C

**Valore compreso fra:

g/kg

51 11

° '

Temperatura ambiente progetto

Umidità ambiente progetto

10.57

Massa in pianta***

150

kg/mq

Portata aria esterna di rinnovo

7200.0

mc/h

Esposizione NORD EST OVEST SUD ORIZZONTALE OMBRA ORIZZONTALE SOLE

Note

°C g/kg

pareti verticali: 100 e 700 kg/mq orizzontale sole: 50 e 400 kg/mq orizzontale ombra: 100 e 300 kg/mq ***Valore compreso fra 150 e 730 kg/mq RIEMPIRE CAMPI CON BORDO ARANCIONE

Dati Involucro Superfici Opache Up Mf,p** Sp UF W/(mq K) kg/mq mq W/(mq K) 0.1 100 504.0 0 0.1 100 680.0 0 0.1 100 680.0 0 0.1 150 242.0 0 100 110 50 250

f -

Finestre F=SC Fvs 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0

Carichi Interni

SF mq 0 0 0 0

Qint,s,costheat loads 550 W Carico1:interno costante Zone Foyer sensibile Calculation of the summer For calculating the vertical duct size Qand HVAC system we Carico interno latente costante 0 Whave divided our building into 3 main zones: Foyer, Audiint,l,cost torium and Workstation. Each of them were calculated separately. Carichi interni totali

152

Ora H h

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Costante Variabile Costante Variabile Qint,s,cost Qint,s,var Qint,l,cost Qint,l,var W W W W 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 550 24500 0 1650 550 24500 0 1650 550 24500 0 1650

OVEST SUD ORIZZONTALE OMBRA ORIZZONTALE SOLE

0.1 0.1

100 150 100 50

Carico interno sensibile costante

Carichi Interni Qint,s,cost 550 W

Carico interno latente costante

Qint,l,cost

Carichi interni totali

680.0 242.0 110 250

0 0

0.9 0.9

0 0

Ora H h 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

153

Summer heat load calculation ZONE 1 V=200*10*0.001=2 Amount of people=200 Hours they spend=1 ACH(Air Change in 1 Hour)=0.001 2*3600=7200s/h 3600 seconds/hours SENSIBLE HEAT QINT,S = QINT,S,ppnopp+∑QINT,S,app QINT,S,pp = 65W/pp*200=13000W Let’s consider that 5 people out of 200 are always there 5*65=325W Constant 325W out of 13000W Variable 12675W out of 13000W QINT,S,app 1 Coffee Machine – 1000=1000W Total=1000W Constant 0W out of 1000W Variable 1000W out of 1000W LATENT HEAT QINT,L = QINT,L,ppnopp+∑QINT,L,app 45*200=9000W 45*5=225W 45*195=8775W 154

Constant 225W out of 9000W Variable 8775W out of 9000W

CARICO SENSIBILE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno NORD

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

EST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

OVEST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

SUD

Pareti Finestre Finestre

8 9 10 11 12 13 -453.6 -423.4 -398.2 -317.5 -231.8 -115.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 673.2 0.0 0.0

788.8 0.0 0.0

897.6 0.0 0.0

863.6 0.0 0.0

14 -60.5 0.0 0.0

15 -5.0 0.0 0.0

16 45.4 0.0 0.0

17 20.2 0.0 0.0

18 -5.0 0.0 0.0

27.2 0.0 0.0

61.2 0.0 0.0

-6.8 0.0 0.0

544.0 1,047.2 1,237.6 1,346.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

822.8 0.0 0.0

367.2 0.0 0.0

7.9 0.0 0.0

-22.4 0.0 0.0

741.2 0.0 0.0

292.4 0.0 0.0

-6.8 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-612.0 -537.2 -462.4 -353.6 -238.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

61.2 0.0 0.0

292.4 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-217.8 -172.4 -131.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

174.8 0.0 0.0

219.6 0.0 0.0

-1.2 0.0 0.0

97.4 0.0 0.0

37.5 0.0 0.0

183.9 0.0 0.0

114.3 0.0 0.0

62.3 0.0 0.0

19 20 21 22 23 24 -60.5 -115.9 -176.4 -231.8 -287.3 -342.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -81.6 -156.4 -238.0 -312.8 -387.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 -156.4 -272.0 -387.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -59.9 0.0 0.0

-77.4 -115.6 -131.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

OR. OMBRA

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

OR. SOLE

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI

###### ###### ###### ###### 1,929.6 5,185.8 8,442.0 9,648.0 8,442.0 6,391.8 4,341.6 Costanti Variabili

Totale

550.0 0.0

482.4 ###### ###### ###### ###### ######

550.0 0.0

550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 0.0 ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ######

550.0 0.0

###### ###### -6,057 -1,550

2,848

6,148

9,437 10,802 34,830 32,875 30,856 26,296 21,820 17,724 13,734 10,193 ###### 34830

MASSIMO CARICO SENSIBILE

CARICO LATENTE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI Totale MASSIMO CARICO LATENTE

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### Costanti Variabili

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1650.0 1650.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1650.0 1650.0 1650.0 1650.0 1650.0

0.0 0.0

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### 82262

155

∑QINT,L,app 650*1=650W Total=650W Variable 650W out of 650W SENSIBLE HEAT: CONSTANT: 325W+225W=550W VARIABLE: 12675W+8775W=21450W LATENT HEAT: CONSTANT: 0W VARIABLE: 1000W+650W=1650W TRANSPARENT CONDUTION: QT,T,E 0*0.19*2=0 Sum of the areas of the window: 0m2 U value: 0.19 W/m2K Te-Tn=2 VENTILATION OF ENVELOPE: Qvs=5.9 *11298.5m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*1.06*2=1738.2 Height of the building: 5.9m Volume of the area: 11298.5m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 Specific heat of air: 1.06 Te-Tn=2 Qvs+QTTE=122.1 + 0 = 1738.2 QVL=11298.5m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*2260*0.007/3600=0.61 156

Volume of the area: 11298.5m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 λ for water:2260 Xint,I =0.00766 Qsum = Latent+Sensible Qsum = 82262+34830=117092 m=Q/Cp*ΔT=117092/1006*10=11.63kg/sec Cp=1.06 Kj/kg=1006J/kgK ΔT=(Tsp-Tin)=26-16=10 26 is the temperature we want inside 16 is the temperature coming from Air For Conditioning For arriving from 11.63kg/sec to mc/sec we need to multiply with Ƿ Air Density Ƿ=1.23 kg/mc 11.63 kg/sec * 1.23 kg/mc = 14.3 mc/sec 14.3*3600=51.49 mc/h /Air Flop/ After we can choose the diffusors typology considering use 2m/sec maximum velocity air coming from diffusor. For the end, while all zones data exist Foyer Zone 1 Q=V*A Q=Sum of Air Flow mc/sec of the zones V=Air Velocity of the duct V=10 m/sec A Area duct section A=Q/V A=14.3 mc/sec / 10 m/sec= 1.43m

157

Winter heat load calculation

158

Axonometry of the zone 1: Foyer with the vertical duct system diagram

159

Summer heat load calculation ZONE 2 V=400*10*0.001=4 Amount of people=400 Hours they spend=1 ACH(Air Change in 1 Hour)=0.001 4*3600=14400s/h 14400 seconds/hours SENSIBLE HEAT QINT,S = QINT,S,ppnopp+∑QINT,S,app QINT,S,pp = 65W/pp*400=26000W Let’s consider that 0 people out of 0 is always there 0*65=0W Constant Variable

0W out of 26000W 0W out of 0W

QINT,S,app 0 Coffee Machines =0W Total=0W Constant 0W out of 18000W Variable 0W out of 18000W LATENT HEAT QINT,L = QINT,L,ppnopp+∑QINT,L,app 45*400=18000W 45*0=0W Constant 0W out of 18000W Variable 0W out of 18000W 160

Località

Dati Generali

Milano

Note

Temperatura esterna progetto

°C

*Valore compreso fra 5 e 17 °C

Escursione termica giornaliera*

ΔTe

°C

**Valore compreso fra:

Umidità assoluta esterna massima

g/kg

51 11

° '

Latitudine Temperatura ambiente progetto

Umidità ambiente progetto

10.57

Massa in pianta***

150

kg/mq

Portata aria esterna di rinnovo

1800.0

mc/h

Esposizione NORD EST OVEST SUD ORIZZONTALE OMBRA ORIZZONTALE SOLE

orizzontale sole: 50 e 400 kg/mq orizzontale ombra: 100 e 300 kg/mq ***Valore compreso fra 150 e 730 kg/mq RIEMPIRE CAMPI CON BORDO ARANCIONE

Dati Involucro Superfici Opache Up Mf,p** Sp UF W/(mq K) kg/mq mq W/(mq K) 0.1 100 350.0 0 0.1 100 450.0 0 0.1 100 450.0 0 0.1 150 250.0 0 100 110 50 250

Carico interno sensibile costante

Carichi Interni Qint,s,cost

Carico interno latente costante

Qint,l,cost

Carichi interni totali

°C g/kg

pareti verticali: 100 e 700 kg/mq

Ora H h 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

f -

Finestre F=SC Fvs 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0

SF mq 0 0 0 0

Costante Variabile Costante Variabile Qint,s,cost Qint,s,var Qint,l,cost Qint,l,var W W W W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18000 0 0 0 18000 0 0 0 18000 0 0 0 18000 0 0 0 18000 0 0 0 0 0 0

161

∑QINT,L,app 650*0=0W Total=0W Variable 0W out of 0W SENSIBLE HEAT: CONSTANT: 0W+0W=0W VARIABLE: 18000W+0W=18000W LATENT HEAT: CONSTANT: 0W VARIABLE: 0W+0W=0W TRANSPARENT CONDUTION: QT,T,E 0*0.19*2=0 Sum of the areas of the window: 0m2 U value: 0.19 W/m2K Te-Tn=2 VENTILATION OF ENVELOPE: Qvs=8 * 1600m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*1.06*2=333.7 Height of the building: 8m Volume of the area: 1600m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 Specific heat of air: 1.06 Te-Tn=2 Qvs+QTTE=333.7 + 0 = 333.7 QVL=1600m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*2260*0.007/3600=0.0864 Volume of the area: 1600m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 λ for water:2260 Xint,I =0.00766 162

CARICO SENSIBILE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno NORD

13 -80.5 0.0 0.0

14 -42.0 0.0 0.0

15 -3.5 0.0 0.0

16 31.5 0.0 0.0

17 14.0 0.0 0.0

18 -3.5 0.0 0.0

19 -42.0 0.0 0.0

20 21 22 23 24 -80.5 -122.5 -161.0 -199.5 -238.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

490.5 0.0 0.0

193.5 0.0 0.0

-4.5 0.0 0.0

18.0 0.0 0.0

40.5 0.0 0.0

-4.5 0.0 0.0

-54.0 -103.5 -157.5 -207.0 -256.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-405.0 -355.5 -306.0 -234.0 -157.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

40.5 0.0 0.0

193.5 0.0 0.0

360.0 0.0 0.0

693.0 0.0 0.0

819.0 0.0 0.0

891.0 0.0 0.0

544.5 0.0 0.0

243.0 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-225.0 -178.1 -135.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

180.6 0.0 0.0

226.9 0.0 0.0

38.8 0.0 0.0

190.0 0.0 0.0

118.1 0.0 0.0

64.4 0.0 0.0

8.1 0.0 0.0

-23.1 0.0 0.0

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

EST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

OVEST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

SUD

Pareti Finestre Finestre

8 9 10 11 12 -315.0 -294.0 -276.5 -220.5 -161.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445.5 0.0 0.0

522.0 0.0 0.0

594.0 0.0 0.0

571.5 0.0 0.0

-1.3 0.0 0.0

100.6 0.0 0.0

40.5 -103.5 -180.0 -256.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -61.9 0.0 0.0

-80.0 -119.4 -135.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

OR. OMBRA

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

OR. SOLE

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI

###### ###### ###### -572.9 Costanti Variabili

Totale

0.0 0.0

482.4 1,296.5 2,110.5 2,412.0 2,110.5 1,598.0 1,085.4

120.6 -844.2 ###### ###### ###### ######

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ###### ###### ###### ###### ######

0.0 0.0

-4,057 -2,899 -1,752

-457

755

1,631

2,484

2,825

3,066

2,590

2,078 18,627 17,241 16,004 14,845 13,827 -5,168

18627

MASSIMO CARICO SENSIBILE

CARICO LATENTE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI Totale MASSIMO CARICO LATENTE

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### Costanti Variabili

0.0 0.0

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### 23154

163

Qsum = Latent+Sensible Qsum = 18627+23154=41781 m=Q/Cp*ΔT=41781/1006*10=4.15kg/sec Cp=1.06 Kj/kg=1006J/kgK ΔT=(Tsp-Tin)=26-16=10 26 is the temperature we want inside 16 is the temperature coming from Air For Conditioning For arriving from 4.15kg/sec to mc/sec we need to multiply with Ƿ Air Density Ƿ=1.23 kg/mc 4.15 kg/sec * 1.23 kg/mc = 5.1045 mc/sec 5.1045*3600=18.376 mc/h /Air Flop/ After we can choose the diffusors typology considering use 2m/sec maximum velocity air coming from diffusor. For the end, while all zones data exist Foyer Zone 1 Q=V*A Q=Sum of Air Flow mc/sec of the zones V=Air Velocity of the duct V=10 m/sec A Area duct section A=Q/V A=5.1045 mc/sec / 10 m/sec= 0.510m

164

Axonometry of the calculated zone 2: Auditorium

165

Summer heat load calcualtion

ZONE 3 V=50*10*0.001=1.5 Amount of people=50 Hours they spend=3 ACH(Air Change in 1 Hour)=0.001 1.5*3600=5400s/h 5400 seconds/hours SENSIBLE HEAT QINT,S = QINT,S,ppnopp+∑QINT,S,app QINT,S,pp = 65W/pp*50=3250W Let’s consider that 1 people out of 50 is always there 1*65=65W Constant 65W out of 3250W Variable 3185W out of 3250W QINT,S,app 3 Coffee Machines – 1000=1000W Total=1000W Constant 0W out of 3000W Variable 3000W out of 3000W LATENT HEAT QINT,L = QINT,L,ppnopp+∑QINT,L,app 45*50=2250W 45*1=45W 45*49=2205W Constant 45W out of 2250W Variable 2205W out of 2250W

166

Località

Dati Generali

Milano

Note

Temperatura esterna progetto

°C

*Valore compreso fra 5 e 17 °C

Escursione termica giornaliera*

ΔTe

°C

**Valore compreso fra:

Umidità assoluta esterna massima

g/kg

51 11

° '

Latitudine Temperatura ambiente progetto

Umidità ambiente progetto

10.57

Massa in pianta***

150

kg/mq

Portata aria esterna di rinnovo

1800.0

mc/h

Esposizione NORD EST OVEST SUD ORIZZONTALE OMBRA ORIZZONTALE SOLE

orizzontale sole: 50 e 400 kg/mq orizzontale ombra: 100 e 300 kg/mq ***Valore compreso fra 150 e 730 kg/mq RIEMPIRE CAMPI CON BORDO ARANCIONE

Dati Involucro Superfici Opache Up Mf,p** Sp UF W/(mq K) kg/mq mq W/(mq K) 0.1 100 350.0 0 0.1 100 450.0 0 0.1 100 450.0 0 0.1 150 250.0 0 100 110 50 250

Carico interno sensibile costante

Carichi Interni Qint,s,cost

65 W

Carico interno latente costante

Qint,l,cost

45 W

Carichi interni totali

°C g/kg

pareti verticali: 100 e 700 kg/mq

Ora H h 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

f -

Finestre F=SC Fvs 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0 0.9 0

Costante Variabile Costante Variabile Qint,s,cost Qint,s,var Qint,l,cost Qint,l,var W W W W 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 0 45 0 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 5390 45 3650 65 0 45 0

SF mq 0 0 0 0

167

∑QINT,L,app 650*1=650W Total=650W Variable 650W out of 650W SENSIBLE HEAT: CONSTANT: 65W+45W=2925W VARIABLE: 3185W+2205W=5390W LATENT HEAT: CONSTANT: 0W VARIABLE: 3000W+650W=3650W TRANSPARENT CONDUTION: QT,T,E 0*0.19*2=0 Sum of the areas of the window: 0m2 U value: 0.19 W/m2K Te-Tn=2 VENTILATION OF ENVELOPE: Qvs=4.4 * 8900m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*1.06*2=1021.1 Height of the building: 4.4m Volume of the area: 8900m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 Specific heat of air: 1.06 Te-Tn=2 Qvs+QTTE=1021.1 + 0 = 1021.1 QVL=8900m3*0.01*1.23Kg/m3*2260*0.007/3600=0.481 Volume of the area: 8900m3 ACH/Air Change in Hour/: 0.01 Air density: 1.23kg/m3 λ for water:2260 Xint,I =0.00766

168

CARICO SENSIBILE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno NORD

13 -80.5 0.0 0.0

14 -42.0 0.0 0.0

15 -3.5 0.0 0.0

16 31.5 0.0 0.0

17 14.0 0.0 0.0

18 -3.5 0.0 0.0

19 -42.0 0.0 0.0

20 21 22 23 24 -80.5 -122.5 -161.0 -199.5 -238.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

490.5 0.0 0.0

193.5 0.0 0.0

-4.5 0.0 0.0

18.0 0.0 0.0

40.5 0.0 0.0

-4.5 0.0 0.0

-54.0 -103.5 -157.5 -207.0 -256.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-405.0 -355.5 -306.0 -234.0 -157.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

40.5 0.0 0.0

193.5 0.0 0.0

360.0 0.0 0.0

693.0 0.0 0.0

819.0 0.0 0.0

891.0 0.0 0.0

544.5 0.0 0.0

243.0 0.0 0.0

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

-225.0 -178.1 -135.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

180.6 0.0 0.0

226.9 0.0 0.0

38.8 0.0 0.0

190.0 0.0 0.0

118.1 0.0 0.0

64.4 0.0 0.0

8.1 0.0 0.0

-23.1 0.0 0.0

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

EST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

Trasmissione Trasmissione Irraggiamento

OVEST

Pareti Finestre Finestre

SUD

Pareti Finestre Finestre

8 9 10 11 12 -315.0 -294.0 -276.5 -220.5 -161.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445.5 0.0 0.0

522.0 0.0 0.0

594.0 0.0 0.0

571.5 0.0 0.0

-1.3 0.0 0.0

100.6 0.0 0.0

40.5 -103.5 -180.0 -256.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -61.9 0.0 0.0

-80.0 -119.4 -135.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

OR. OMBRA

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

OR. SOLE

Pareti

Trasmissione

0.0

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI

###### ###### ###### -572.9 Costanti Variabili

Totale

65.0 0.0

482.4 1,296.5 2,110.5 2,412.0 2,110.5 1,598.0 1,085.4

65.0 0.0

-3,992 -2,834 -1,687

-392

820

1,696

2,549

120.6 -844.2 ###### ###### ###### ######

65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 0.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 5,390.0 2,890

8,521

65.0 0.0

8,045

7,533

6,082

4,696

3,459

2,300

1,282 -5,103

8521

MASSIMO CARICO SENSIBILE

CARICO LATENTE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno

INFILTRAZIONI CARICHI INTERNI Totale MASSIMO CARICO LATENTE

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### Costanti Variabili

45.0 0.0

45.0 45.0 45.0 0.0 3650.0 3650.0

45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 0.0 3650.0 3650.0 3650.0 3650.0 3650.0

45.0 0.0

###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### ###### 26849

169

Qsum = Latent+Sensible Qsum = 8521+26849=35370 m=Q/Cp*ΔT=35370/1006*10=3.51kg/sec Cp=1.06 Kj/kg=1006J/kgK ΔT=(Tsp-Tin)=26-16=10 26 is the temperature we want inside 16 is the temperature coming from Air For Conditioning For arriving from 3.56kg/sec to mc/sec we need to multiply with Ƿ Air Density Ƿ=1.23 kg/mc 3.51 kg/sec * 1.23 kg/mc = 4.31 mc/sec 4.31*3600=15.542 mc/h /Air Flop/ After we can choose the diffusors typology considering use 2m/sec maximum velocity air coming from diffusor. For the end, while all zones data exist Foyer Zone 1 Q=V*A Q=Sum of Air Flow mc/sec of the zones V=Air Velocity of the duct V=10 m/sec A Area duct section A=Q/V A=4.31 mc/sec / 10 m/sec= 0.431m

170

Axonometry of the calculated zone 2: Workstation

171

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)

172

173

174

175

176

177