Delirium: A Confused State of Mind

Know what to look for when dealing with delirium in order to have active involvement in your care or the care of your loved one, writes

Katie Conciatore, Hall &

Prior’s Behaviour and Cognition

Have you ever experienced a temporary state of confusion, disorientation or sudden change in your behaviour or thinking? If yes, then you might have experienced delirium. It is a state of mental confusion that affects a person’s ability to think, remember, communicate and pay attention.

Delirium can affect people of any age, but it is more common among older adults who are in hospital, especially those who have had surgery, are critically ill or have dementia. The risk of delirium is also high in people with a history of alcohol or drug abuse, and those who take certain medications.

Delirium can be caused by many factors, such as infection, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, medication side effects, sleep deprivation or anything that causes the body to release stress hormones.

The good news is that delirium is preventable and treatable. The best prevention strategy is to identify and manage the causes of delirium. For example, if

Clinical Nurse.

a person is dehydrated, giving them fluids, if a person is experiencing sleep deprivation, ensuring they get enough rest.

Delirium develops quickly so it’s crucial to recognise the symptoms of delirium and act quickly.

The symptoms of delirium can be different for each person, but some common signs include confusion, disorientation, agitation, hallucinations, and sleep disturbance. If you notice these symptoms alert a carer immediately.

Treatment for delirium involves fixing the cause of the delirium and managing the symptoms. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce the stress being felt.

In addition to medical treatment, there are also stress reduction strategies that can help manage delirium.

• Ensure hearing aids, glasses or other aids are being used as needed.

• Reorient yourself or your loved one to the surroundings, time and date using a wall clock/ calendar/whiteboard.

• Familiar items such as photos, music or books can help.

• Maintaining a consistent routine with regular meal times, activity periods, and sleep schedules.

• Stay active as much as possible.

• Encourage family and friends to visit and participate in activities.

• Ensure you get adequate rest, preferably at night, and limit daytime napping.

• Avoid excessive noise or visual stimulation that could increase agitation or confusion.

• Make sure you are wellhydrated and continuing to eat well.

Remember, delirium is a temporary state of mental confusion. It is preventable and treatable, and prevention strategies include identifying and managing core causes. If you or a loved one experiences symptoms of delirium, seek medical attention immediately.