Professional Electrician & Installer May 2023 by Hamerville Media Group

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TO EE FR DE RA ET TH

PROFESSIONAL

ELECTRICIAN THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR THE ELECTRICAL TRADE

& INSTALLER

MAY 2023

EVOLVING WITH EVOLO DETA ELECTRICAL ADDS EV TO ITS PRODUCT CV

ENTER THE CPD ZONE! YOU COULD EARN 1 X CPD CREDIT THIS MONTH ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: NEWS & VIEWS l NEW PRODUCTS l CAUGHT ON CAMERA l READER PROFILES l AND MORE …

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Total Average Net Distribution: 76,995 Certification period: 1 January 2021 - 31 December 2021

May 2023 Volume 39 No.5

Regulars

Deta Electrical introduces the eVolo range

Key tips for sourcing distribution boards

Comment & Profiles

Circuit Protection

Products & Business Solutions

19 Is ‘Part P’ in need of urgent reform?

57 Choice or eﬃciency? Why Niglon is solving this particular dilemma with the launch of its new surge device

73 When it comes to power supplies, how many outages can you afford?

VIEWPOINT

NEWS

20 THE TRAINING GROUND 54 MADE 2 MEASURE 103 ELEX 104 CAUGHT ON CAMERA COVER STORY

30 Deta Electrical enters the EV charge point market with its eVolo brand

23 Temporary power systems expert, James Eade, is in the spotlight 27 We catch up with Amy Lister of Goodridge Electrical Contractors

58 The key factors that contractors should be considering when searching for distribution boards

The CPD Zone

60 Could the ‘Surge Trap’ beneﬁt your next installation?

34 NAPIT’s Richard Townsend ‘codebreaks’ more of the latest reader submissions

63 Safe isolation: do you need a supporting Kasp?

37 Summarising the requirements in Section 704 for the use of reduced low voltage (RLV) supplies on building and construction sites 40 Unified Glare Ratings explained 42 ‘Dr Zzeus’ Tom Brookes answers a fire-related contractor query 45 Taking a closer look at the requirements for carrying out risk assessments 49 What is power factor and what purpose does it serve? 52 Where did halogen-free flame retardant cables come from and why are they important?

64 Why is it important to request Type Test certiﬁcation when sourcing a consumer unit?

76 Will the latest RoHS directive ensure a bright future for LED lighting? 79 Why utilising job management software has helped one prominent electrical business to save both time and money 80 What are the beneﬁts of becoming a V-TAC ‘Preferred Installer’? 82 What does the smart building boom mean for data terminations?

66 What led to some of Hager’s leading lights being used on a recent high proﬁle project?

85 A look at some recent projects that have beneﬁtted from the use of NVC’s products

69 Why you’re getting ‘two for one’ with the latest launch from Proteus Industrial

86 Can outdoor lighting also provide security for your customers?

70 How one of Germany’s busiest trade fairs has taken steps to reduce its energy consumption and improve guest safety by installing the latest in digital switchgear

89 Tibby Singh reviews ToughBuilt’s new levels range 90 Which products have been speciﬁed, and where? 92 Rounding-up the newest products, tools and equipment to help you in your work

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN May 2023 3

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Meet the team Editor RICHARD BOWLER email: pe@hamerville.co.uk Digital Manager REBECCA MCGEOCH email: rmcgeoch@hamerville.co.uk Digital Assistant ADAM ROBERTS email: aroberts@hamerville.co.uk Advertisement Manager ANTHONY SCOTT email: ascott@hamerville.co.uk Assistant Advertisement Manager IAN TURNER email: ianturner@hamerville.co.uk Design ADEEL QADRI Production Assistant KERRI SMITH Group Production Manager CAROL PADGETT Distribution Manager KARL CLARK Printed by: WALSTEAD PETERBOROUGH Published by: HAMERVILLE MEDIA GROUP Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF Tel: 01923 237799 Fax: 01923 246901 Email: pe@hamerville.co.uk PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN is the business journal for the electrical contracting industry. It is available to the trade at leading electrical wholesalers throughout the UK. © 2023 Subscriptions to PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN are available. Please contact us for rates.

Image References (Adobe Stock): Pg 11 Green future © Stefan_E Pg 16 Using computer © RH2010 Pg 19 Rogue trader © TeacherPhoto Pg 37 Busy site © BannaFarsai Pg 40 Lighting glare © LaymanZoom Pg 45 Measured risk © Dilok Pg 52 Black smoke © Mputsylo Pg 76 Lighting waste © VanHope Pg 77 Recycling © Namong Productions Pg 86 Intruder © Lucky Business

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Editor’s Viewpoint

Give up the ‘ghosting’ There’s nothing worse than the feeling that you’ve been left ‘hanging’. Whether it’s estate agents not returning calls during a house sale/purchase, a mobile or satellite provider failing to ring back at an agreed time, or a doctor/dentist surgery keeping you waiting for news of an appointment, the frustration that can be created by watching that phone and waiting for a call, particularly when it is something that is urgent and specific to you, can be enough to drive normally sane individuals to despair. The results of a new report from HomeServe, a leading home assistance provider, suggests that trade professionals can also be prone to such behaviour, with four in ten (41%) of UK adults admitting that they have been ‘ghosted’ by a tradesperson in some capacity. Of those individuals surveyed, 38% said that they’d received the silent treatment following a quotation request, leaving potential customers feeling annoyed (43%) and rejected (12%). Despite the average UK adult having £656 per job spare to spend on home fixes, increased demand for tradespeople – up 22% year on year – means many adults are struggling to find someone to commit. You’ll not be surprised to hear that plumbers are in the highest demand with a third of homeowners claiming they are harder to find than any other trade professional, while equally unsurprising is the fact that builders and general handy men/women come top of the league of those professions that are most likely to ‘ghost’ a potential customer. When considering the reasons why they may have been ‘blanked’, close to a third (30%) believe they didn’t hear back as their job wasn't considered high enough value. The same amount (30%) reasoned the tradesperson was too busy with other jobs. One in ten (9%) reflected they may have been too specific about the work they wanted done. Others (8%) felt they were ghosted for being a ‘difficult customer’, whilst one in ten (10%) women felt it was because of their gender.

The side effect of this failure to respond to a potential customer has led to some people making ill-informed home improvement or repair decisions. One in four (27%) said they took matters into their own hands after not being able to find a good tradesperson and ended up regretting it. A similar amount (31%) paid for work that ended up being low quality as they were eager for it to be completed quickly. There’s no doubt that many of you reading this publication will have experienced what life is like on the other side of this particular fence. Demanding, price-focused customers can be the scourge of any trade business and clearly it is the trade professional’s right to respond to whichever enquiries he/she sees fit. That said, a quick call back to even the most difficult client, to acknowledge the enquiry and take the conversation further (or not), can make a significant difference to the perception of that individual or business. Even if the need of the customer can’t be serviced at that time, it’s better to confirm/admit that than simply ignore the request completely. The long term value of taking such a stance could be significant, as the report goes on to state that good trade professionals are now so appealing to customers that over half (69%) of UK adults say they’ve gone out of their way to be a good host to ensure repeat work. One in four (23%) have even kept the details of a good tradesperson to themselves in the hope that they don’t get too busy! So, if you’re yet to make a call-back to a prospective customer, or simply don’t want to deal with the hassle of a potentially tricky client, try to recall how you’ve felt when you’ve been sat waiting for your own particular call that hasn’t arrived. And always remember that ‘ghosting’ customers could come back to haunt your business in the future. Have a good month and enjoy the issue.

Richard B owler PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN May 2023 7

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

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pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Industry no clearer on Net Zero ‘upskilling’ plans ECA is calling for a detailed plan to fund the upskilling of Britain’s electrotechnical workforce, following the launch of the Powering Up Britain: Energy Security Plan report. The report sets out the steps the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is taking to ensure the UK’s energy system is secure, low-cost, and low carbon. However, it contains little to no detail about how the country’s labour force will be trained to deliver low carbon installations and green infrastructure. Meanwhile, ECA has praised the government’s renewed commitment to electric vehicle charging, with a more than £380 million investment announced for public EV charging points and infrastructure across the country. The organisation has also welcomed plans to rebalance electricity bills using levies as an incentive to move away from gas.

ECA Energy & Emerging Technologies Advisor, Luke Osborne, said: “We support the commitment to EV charging, but without any funding for upskilling our workforce, this is a hollow pledge for now. “We’re falling behind on EV charging targets, despite the growing number of EVs on the road, and this trend is likely to continue unless we invest heavily in skilled, competent workers who can connect the dots and solve the Net Zero puzzle. “I fear this report will do little to address the low public awareness of heat pumps and shortage of skilled installers. In many ways, we are still too far back in our Net Zero journey.”

Yorkshire hospice to benefit from better testing Seaward has donated one of its advanced testers to a Yorkshire hospice to help improve the safe checking and testing of dozens of electrical appliances. The kind-hearted move has seen Barnsley Hospice receive a portable Seaward PrimeTest 100, which is now being used to check the in-service safety of dozens of items as part of the organisation’s ongoing asset management and maintenance programme. These include electrical appliances such as PCs, laptops, kettles, dishwashers, microwaves, power tools and desk lights used to support services. The tester’s ease-of-use and reliability is ideal for the hospice’s requirements, enabling maintenance team member, Finlay McKenzie, to more eﬀectively carry out PAT testing on electrical appliances found in the building. The Prime Test 100 forms part of a comprehensive range of Seaward PAT instruments, accessories and software that have been speciﬁcally designed to meet the needs of electrical safety duty holders in all workplaces. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT SEAWARD’S PAT TESTING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR001

The report includes a range of other measures to boost the UK’s clean energy security, including a three-year extension of the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, an overhaul of planning rules to speed up the construction of new wind turbines and solar panels, and support for carbon capture, home insulation and hydrogen projects.

ESP fires up new training sessions ESP is boosting its free training sessions for contractors with the addition of a training day specifically designed for its MAGDUO two-wire fire alarm system. During the one-day training course, attending contractors will benefit from a series of wiring tutorials and will be trained on panel configuration, panel operations and device set-up. They will also be given an overview of the standard that applies to fire alarm systems – BS5839-1. All candidates completing the MAGDUO training programme will be issued with an attendance certificate. The session is practical based, with a supporting presentation, and the aim is to help the installer with the final programming of the ESP addressable fire system. Confirmed training dates for 2023 are: l l l

Thursday 1st June Tuesday 5th September Wednesday 13th December GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT HOW TO SIGN UP AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR002

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

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pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

simPRO joins the Club to improve construction wellbeing simPRO has announced a new partnership with the Lighthouse Club, a charity committed to improving the emotional, physical and financial wellbeing of construction workers and their families. simPRO will be championing the Lighthouse Club at various industry events, promoting the charity internally through a day of fundraising and sponsoring various charity campaigns such as the “Make it Visible tours” across the UK and Ireland, designed to provide information to frontline workers about crucial support services provided by the charity. It is estimated that every day in the UK, two construction workers take their own lives. The Lighthouse Club not only encourages workers to start the discussion about their mental health but also provides charitable support, education and resources so workers, and

their families, do not feel alone. “As a global company, we’re committed to helping remove the stigma workers have when it comes to talking about their mental health,” said Amy Herbertson, People and Culture Business Partner, simPRO. “The support that the Lighthouse Club is giving construction workers, and their family and friends, is aligned with this commitment. We’re so proud to be working with the organisation and to do our part in helping bring awareness of the charity.” “simPRO’s support demonstrates our commitment to construction families across the UK and Ireland,” added Bill Hill, Lighthouse Club CEO. “It will help us continue providing much-needed support and resources that ultimately leads to changing and saving

Aico invites supply chain to build a safer future Aico has recently hosted four events to explore how its supply chain can work collaboratively to build safer futures for residents of the UK. To support its mission statement of promoting best practice and delivering safer homes, Aico invited customers from all areas of its supply chain to these ground-breaking events, including electrical contractors, distributors and registered social landlords. The events combined insights and evidence into how connected homes can create safer and healthier properties for all, from improving fire safety to reducing the risk of poor indoor environmental conditions, such as damp and mould and poor indoor air quality. Members of Aico’s expert team delivered a range of engaging and impactful workshops to drive a synergistic approach to building safer futures. Aaron Hamilton from Southway Housing Trust said: “All of the presentations were really informative. The thing that impressed me most was how the business is run and is constantly evolving and trying to improve all aspects”. Jason Parker, Electrical Supervisor from Chesterfield Borough Council, added: “The whole event was slick and well presented, especially with technical topics. I gained a lot from the event, while it was very enjoyable”.

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lives by improving the wellbeing of each and every construction worker we are able to reach.” GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE SUPPORT ON OFFER FROM THE LIGHTHOUSE CLUB AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR003

Werner ladder features in Tate Modern One of Werner’s key products is being used as a focal point of an art installation on display at London’s Tate Modern. ‘Seamless’, an artwork created in 1999 by American artist Sarah Sze, was initially displayed in Pittsburgh, USA at the Carnegie Internal Exhibition and is now on display in the UK. It incorporates functional human-scale objects, such as the Werner ladder, alongside a spirit level and lamp; accompanied by smaller items of miniature scale. Bushra Imtiaz, Marketing Manager at Werner, said: “It’s fantastic to see one of our key products being used in such an exceptional way. The art installation is visually striking, and we’re delighted to be featured in such a stunning piece of artwork.” GET MORE DETAILS ON WERNER’S RANGE OF ACCESS SOLUTIONS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR004

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news

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

Online shopping could lead to more dangerous electrical imports A recent survey by Electrical Safety First (ESF) has found nearly four in ten (37%) people are using online marketplaces to compare prices, leading to concerns from the charity that the cost of living crisis will expose even more shoppers to dangerous goods. ESF has investigated listings of electrical goods across five leading online marketplaces, including Amazon Marketplace, eBay, Facebook Marketplace, AliExpress and Wish.com. It found more than 50 listings of products for use all over the home – from the driveway to the kitchen – were unsafe. One EV charging cable presented a risk of electric shock and overheating when it was tested by a specialist lab, while two other EV charging cables also failed electric shock tests, exposing users to a major hazard. A portable heater proved to be one of the most dangerous products uncovered by the charity, with 240 volts running through a heating element easily exposed or accessible through an insecure cover, posing a risk to life. Bargain beauty buys for under £30 were also found to pose a serious safety hazard, with hair dryers and straighteners fitted

with illegal mains plugs lacking a fuse presenting both fire and electric shock risks. Even making a morning smoothie could end in disaster, with one kitchen blender available through an online marketplace fitted with a defective motor which began to overheat and pour with smoke less than a minute after being switched on. Cyclists were also found to be at risk from unsafe e-bike chargers, despite a previous investigation by ESF highlighting their fire risk. Lesley Rudd, Chief Executive of Electrical Safety First, commented: “The government must act urgently to protect people by introducing legislation that forces online marketplaces to take reasonable steps to ensure the products they sell on their platforms are safe.”

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Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Unitrunk London is open for business Unitrunk has once again added to its UK and Ireland based depot network with the opening of its 11th location. This new addition to the expanding depot network will seek to serve and supply new and existing customers in the greater London region with the full range of cable management solutions, whilst providing a particular emphasis on supporting the needs and requirements of the city’s thriving data centre industry. Eddie O’Reilly, Group Sales Director, comments: “We currently supply data centre projects across the UK, Europe and ROW and continue to see sales grow and geographies expand. Given that London continues to be placed ﬁrmly in the upper echelons of the data centre landscape we feel that the time is right to add an

additional distribution outlet to our network to specifically support customers, current and prospective, who operate in this area whilst also ensuring that customers involved in other areas and sectors are equally catered for and valued.” Unitrunk plans on growing its existing customer base in the London area by accommodating needs specific to the city, such as extended opening hours, industry expertise and a tailored stock profile. Facilities at the newly customised site include significant product storage space

(15,000 sq.ft) which will accommodate substantial stock value, a trade counter, oﬃces and meeting space, which will be used for customer demonstrations and product training. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT UNITRUNK’S RANGE OF PRODUCTS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR005

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news special

Over a year on from the launch of the reporting tool for unsafe and noncompliant electrical work, following a unique collaboration by the Electrical Safety Roundtable (ESR) and TrustMark, the results continue to highlight electrical safety concerns in the owner-occupied sector. 0% of the electrical safety faults which have been reported over the last 12 months are in the owner-occupied sector, with 27% of total responses submitted identifying a category 1, immediate risk to life, hazard. These statistics highlight an undetermined risk in an area that is not currently covered by any legislation to require regular electrical safety checks. Commenting on the statistics, The Electrical Safety Roundtable in the Home Chair, Chris Pack, commented: “The information collected through this reporting tool suggests that, proportionally, electrical safety standards in owner occupied dwellings are of concern and in some cases pose a risk to life. “We would urge the government to take heed of these findings, and support Lord Foster’s Domestic Premises (Electrical Safety Certificate) Bill, which requires an electrical safety certificate to be provided to prospective purchasers of domestic premises in specified circumstances.”

Informed decisions He continued: “This is comparable to the need for a seller to have a valid Energy Performance Certificate at the point of sale and would enhance standards of electrical safety by flagging any serious issues with the electrical installation to the

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CAUSE FOR CONCERN purchaser, allowing them to make an informed decision about what remedial work, if anything, is required.” With 57% of those utilising the tool being registered electricians, 32% being homeowners and 11% being tenants there is broad interest in the initiative which allows a fuller picture of the electrical safety standards in homes to be gathered. The reporting tool has remained a consistently popular link on the ESR website and with support and promotion from industry partners such as NAPIT, BEAMA and LABC, it continues to be a valuable resource. Broadening data collection Simon Ayers, Chief Executive of TrustMark, said: “The importance of raising standards across all areas of work done in the home has not diminished as these latest annual figures show. It’s encouraging to see that homeowners and tenants are using the reporting tool, broadening the area from which data is gathered. “These latest figures underline, yet again, the necessity for customers to use use trained, competent installers for any electrical works carried out in the home along with maintaining our focus on improving skills, training and knowledge across the industry.” He concludes: “We urge industry stakeholders to promote this tool and all

electricians, homeowners and tenants to use it to report unsafe electrical work, to enable us to fill a vital data gap on the extent and type of unsafe electrical work in homes across the UK.”

ACCESS THE REPORTING TOOL BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR006

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COMMENT

“PART P STILL RAISES SO MANY Q’S” Following an eye-opening week in the field, Boyd Goulden, Owner at Complete Finish and Director at CertOn, explains why he believes ‘Part P’ is in need of urgent reform. or those that may know of me (and those that don’t), I wear two electrical industry hats – the first as a time-served sparky with over 35 years’ trade experience having worked from apprentice to Director (and everything else in between) – and the second with my software company, CertOn. It was with my electrical hard hat on that I experienced a pretty shocking week of incidents recently, which has compelled me to share the details with the readers of this magazine. The ﬁrst incident involved a large company issuing all sorts of reports (EPCs, Gas Certs, EICRs etc.) for a standard home. The home owner was trying to get all things compliance tested and asked us

to take a look at a report produced by others as he wanted to get the remedial works priced. Bearing in mind this was a three bed semi-detached house, he told me that the electrician ‘and his mate’ were in the house for 1.5 hours, with the gas engineer on-site for around 10 mins, costing him £110 all in. Poor practice I’ve not seen the Gas Cert but the EICR was dreadfully poor and also incorrect in many places. Our electricians carried a new one out in around four hours, leaving the client in a state of shock (not literally) at the inconsistencies and missed testing from the large firm that had been involved previously. I told him that this is something we see all too often. The second incident involved another

large firm, employed to undertake the certification and reports for a landlord. Although we’d been called out for a different reason, we took the time to enquire with the landlord as to whether he had an up-to-date EICR. The EICR that was provided to us was produced over a year ago and was classified as ‘Satisfactory’, yet it was clear that upon further inspection there was no RCD protection at all on a new shower circuit that had been fitted. Shockingly, the ‘agency’ in question admitted to the fact that it doesn’t check the reports or certificates of the electricians it employs to carry out the works. The original ‘electrician’ was then asked to return the following week to fix the issue and guess what? He issued another report. You honestly couldn’t

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COMMENT

make it up! When challenged on this issue, his company said: “With regards to errors on certificates, all our engineers are registered with one of the leading organisations and we take no liability for them (as per our T&Cs) as we act as an agent and do not have access to alter their certificates. It also states any errors brought to our attention within one month can be altered”. What’s the point of offering a service if you don’t actually check things are done properly?! The final insult The final incident of the week involved a well-known retailer offering ‘Full Kitchen Installations’ left a customer of ours in a right mess with new electrics installed AND their existing electrics altered, no RCD installed, all energized and no certificate in sight. Apparently the ‘kitchen fitter’ explained that he can’t test for faults on existing circuits and left the RCD out of the new consumer unit with a main switch in place as the RCD ‘kept tripping’. Worse still, the retailer is stating that it has no responsibility for this, pushing it back into the court of the electrician/kitchen fitter/plumber (or whatever he might call himself). To me the answer is plain as day – Part P isn’t working in the way it was originally designed when it was announced in 2005, and I’d love to know who is properly checking the ‘Part P’ notifications that are sent through to building control and the local councils. Although a few changes were made to the legislation in 2013, it’s clear that nothing has got any better for the end user. One solution that is often raised in our industry is adopting a model that is more stringent, such as that used by Gas Safe, however I wonder if the lack of appetite for stronger regulation is down to the fact that most electrical installations (even DIY jobs) will not usually cause death or the loss of life on a mass scale, whereas unsafe gas installations can/will. I also appreciate that this call for more stringent regulation might mean that the annual fees that we pay to the CPS providers will rise over time. A nod towards some potential changes in the Building Regulations were mentioned earlier this year, and I think it’s very important that electricians working in the field are consulted over these – after all, we’ve had more exposure than any trade to some of the ways that the Part P legislation continues to be flaunted. In reality, this system that was designed some 20 years ago is now in need of a complete overhaul, in order to modernise and ensure that it is fit for purpose. That, or in 5-10 years’ time we’ll continue to encounter customers that know no different (as they do today), and are happy to either just accept the cheap report or no certificate at all.

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THE TRAINING GROUND What is the latest with the TESP ‘Rogue Trainers’ campaign? I’m still hearing stories of people who’ve been getting ripped off by training providers that don’t offer recognised qualifications. Our Rogue Trainers campaign is still very much active – since its launch our online advice has received over 20,000 views. As well as highlighting the warning signs and red flags linked to inadequate and unethical training packages, we also signpost on the correct routes to becoming qualified and give tips on choosing a training provider. Thanks to a new partnership with governmentrecognised JobsAware, the campaign has received a further boost to strengthen our fight against training providers who are leaving people out of pocket and with no prospect of an industry qualification. JobsAware, established in 2008 by the Metropolitan Police to tackle job fraud and help protect worker rights, works closely with the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, the Home Office, HRMC, law enforcement and DBS. Together we’ll be sharing information and signposting individuals to report rogue trainers to JobsAware, who are well placed to take action and progress cases with the relevant authorities. We’re encouraging everyone who might have a story to contact us via the TESP website – this will help JobsAware to build a picture and evidence of what is happening across the country and look closely at what can be done. How can you help even if you’ve not been affected yourself? We need people like you to help raise awareness of the Rogue Trainers advice available via the TESP website. The more people that spread the word, the more evidence we can gather on these organisations, providing electricians with the correct advice they need when looking to become qualified.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE ROGUE TRAINERS CAMPAIGN BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR007

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PROFILE

With temporary power systems back in high demand, we put the questions to industry expert, James Eade, to learn more about the qualities required of potential new entrants to the sector and some of the opportunities this particular pathway has presented to him over his career.

COMMONWEALTH JAMES Tell us more about yourself and your background in the electrical industry. Like many people, I started by dabbling in lighting for school plays, but my real technical grounding came from six years with the army – the Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers. I learned about electrical systems and temporary power, and took a degree in Mechanical Engineering.

Gottelier, a consultancy formed by two brilliant entertainment lighting guys, Peter Wynne Willson and Tony Gottelier. Tony had designed the lighting rigs for some of the world’s best nightclubs, while Peter had started his career lighting Pink Floyd in their early days. I owe them both a lot. There was a range of consultancy work for cruise ship companies, major attractions and live music tours. That experience really put me on the entertainment industry map.

How did your pathway lead you to working in the temporary power systems sector? It was a combination of my electrical training with the army and my love for theatre. I worked at a couple of theatres and a then a London rental company. After a few years I moved to Wynne Willson

What elements of working in temporary power systems do you enjoy the most? The variety. I can be working in standards, or visiting a television studio one day, then looking at plans for a new feature ﬁlm or rock concert the next. It means a lot to me to be promoting good practice in those

ﬁelds, and to be training and helping people to be the best at what they do. Tell us about a couple of high-profile events that you've worked on and what they involved. At WWG we worked closely with the production of U2’s PopMart world tour. We developed an automated lighting instrument based on moving mirrors – it was a beast, nick-named ‘The Razor-Head’! That was a ground-breaking tour for various reasons and a great learning experience. We were also involved with Roger Waters, MTV Awards and many other events. More recently, as Head of Energy for the 2022 Commonwealth Games, I oversaw the supply of all event power to the Games’ various sites. That involved a lot of solar power and battery technologies, and we worked closely with our supplier Aggreko to design eﬃcient hybridised load-on-demand generator systems which ran on hydrogenated vegetable oil.

What sort of skills does an individual require to consider a career in temporary power systems? Is it a career that a time-served electrician could consider? Absolutely. Once someone properly grasps electrical fundamentals, those basics can be applied in any environment. Yes, there are speciﬁc factors and risks involved in temporary installations –

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profile

particularly in outdoor environments – for which they’ll need proper training, but the same is true of marine, or highways, or aviation, or any other niche of the electrical business. I would hope that people see this as another facet of the business, and another opportunity. For electricians that may be interested in exploring temporary power systems as a career, what steps would you recommend they take next? Try to get experience with power rental companies and learn about generators and power distribution equipment – the electrical aspects are quite diﬀerent to grid supplies, but at least it all plugs together. Like all electrical specialisms, temporary systems have to be designed properly and safely installed, so compliance with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, the IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) – and BS 7909, the Temporary Power Standard, are essential.

We oﬀer courses that help skilled people to tackle that specialisation.

Association) and ABTT (the Association of British Theatre Technicians).

Aside from your work as a consultant/expert in this sector, you also wear quite a few other hats – can you tell us more about that? All sorts of hats! I do a lot in standards and training. Through my company I helped to train over 500 people in 2022 alone. More broadly, I chair the British Standards 7909 committee for Temporary Electrical Systems, and I sit on the BS 7671 committee (the IET Regs). I wrote the IET’s guide to BS 7671 and BS 7909, The IET Practitioner’s Guide to Temporary Power Systems and The IET Code of Practice on In-service Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment (ISITEE), 5th edition. I also do some expert witness work, and some writing for the IET’s Wiring Matters magazine. My standards hat also includes work for UK entertainment industry associations such as PLASA (the Professional Lighting and Sound

Why is the correct training and knowledge base so important for those professionals that may want to consider a career in temporary power systems? Timescales tend to be tight, so the work is necessarily fast paced: you have to really know your stuﬀ. In entertainment, the curtain has to go up at the time stated on the ticket: there’s no chance of being late. At the Commonwealth Games, for example, I was told at 1pm that none of the power worked on the main stage for the closing ceremony as the residual current monitors kept tripping. The doors were due to open to the public at 5pm – and rehearsals had to happen before then. Often you have to draw on every bit of practical experience and theory to identify and resolve issues – and quickly! What final message would you have for professionals who may be unsure about exploring a career in temporary power systems? I’d say go for it! I think it’s an extremely satisfying way of life. Granted, it’s rarely 9 to 5, but if you like teamwork, creativity and seeing the fruits of your labours, this has to be worth a look. The end result is often something wonderful.

FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IN-PERSON TRAINING COURSES AND DATES ON OFFER FROM JAMES EADE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR008

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PROFILE

As the electrical industry continues its attempts at redressing the gender imbalance, PE talks to Amy Lister of Goodridge Electrical Contractors to learn more about her path from industry novice to award winning professional. What made you decide to pursue a career in the electrical sector? At 36, having worked my way up to a management position with a well-known convenience store retailer since I was 18 years old, I decided it was time for a change. As I looked ahead I realised I didn't want to be in food retail all of my working life, so if I was going to change that situation it had to be now. I believe my career path choice is inﬂuenced by the fact my Dad has always been in a trade and helping him with jobs at home when I was growing up. Two of my older brothers are also experienced trade professionals, so I think it came natural to me that this was the way to go. It's a secure industry to be a part of as consumers and businesses will always need electricity.

How did you get started on your electrical industry career path and what progress have you made with your current employer? I started an evening course for two nights a week while still working in my previous job, to see if it really was something that I wanted to do and, after completing a year, I knew that this is where I wanted to be. I

“IT’S THE BEST DECISION I’VE EVER MADE” decided to write a letter to some prospective employers explaining a bit about myself – that I had no experience and no idea about apprenticeships but that I wanted to take this path if someone was open to giving me an opportunity. Having sent the letter to 75 local electricians, I received a handful of responses that all said ‘no’, apart from one from Steve Goodridge of Goodridge Electrical Contractors, based in Herefordshire. At the time, it was only Steve working in the business and he didn't have an office to speak of, so I met Steve and his wife Laura, who are both Directors of the company, in a supermarket coffee shop. They went away and did some research into adult apprenticeships and soon found some support from JTL. They were then able offer me a position with a decent living wage for an adult with a mortgage, so I snapped up the opportunity.

During my apprenticeship, the company was able to grow and we took on more experienced electricians as well as other apprentices. I’ve since been promoted to Electrical Supervisor, so I play a part in the running of the business and the supervision of the other electricians and apprentices. I’ve gained other qualiﬁcations, such as C&G 2391 and C&G 2919, which the business has funded, and I’ve also achieved NICEIC Qualiﬁed Supervisor status and Competent Person status at the hospital we work at. What aspects of your work do you enjoy most? I love doing installation work as you can see the end result and can take satisfaction from that. Interestingly I enjoy domestic work (which I know a lot of electricians would say the opposite), and it's a great feeling to know that you've

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PROFILE

helped improve a customer’s home or their quality of life. Being in management for almost all of my adult life, naturally I enjoy the leadership side of my role and getting stuck in with the lads on a job so we achieve a good day's work. Tell us more about your recent JTL award win. What was involved with the application and how did you feel when it was announced you had won? I had a phone call from my JTL assessor asking if it was ok to nominate me for a regional electrical award for the western region, and I was more than happy to agree. I’ll be honest and say that I didn't really think about it too much after that. Then, one day I was driving home from work when an email came through to say that I’d won. After Steve jokingly called to ask what I was going to buy him with my prize money, I rang my parents and they were very proud, as were Steve and Laura.

In what is traditionally a male-dominated sector, have you come across gender stereotyping and, if so, how have you overcome this? I’ve not had a single negative experience. When I go into people's homes they’re often surprised to see a female electrician, but everyone is always really supportive. It's really helped us as a company as we do a lot of work in hospitals and having a female worker like myself seems to put people at ease, especially when working on the maternity and women’s health wards where the patients are females.

What are your career aspirations for the future? I’d like to continue my development by undertaking as much training as possible and aim to increase my knowledge around site supervisory roles and leadership by eventually completing the

28 May 2023 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

C&G 2396. I see myself continuing in my supervisor role for a few years and, if the company continues to grow, perhaps into a further management role. Do you plan to put your experience to use with helping other females to feel confident entering the sector? What advice would you give to those who may be considering it as a career option? Yes, I’m extremely keen to encourage other females to get into the industry and would advise any interested parties to go for it and not be afraid to do so. It is a very rewarding experience to be part of something that is diﬀerent to the norm. Steve and I are currently arranging for me to visit some schools and colleges to

speak to the students and encourage them to break through the stereotypes of the traditional career paths that are recommended to them. Choosing to become an electrician is the best decision I’ve ever made, and it’s never too late to make that choice.

“GIVING AMY A CHANCE WAS A VERY WISE MOVE” Since she joined the business Amy has consistently risen to every challenge she has faced and has always given her best effort. She has displayed a positive attitude, never once expressing doubt or an inability to complete any task assigned to her. Her impressive performance has not gone unnoticed. During our last NICEIC assessment, she caught the attention of the assessors, and they were impressed with her work and knowledge, resulting in her being recently appointed as one of our Qualified Supervisors (QS) which is a testament to her hard work and dedication. We also carry out significant levels of work for our local hospital where she has obtained CP status (Competent Persons) under the Electrical HTM (Health Technical Memoranda). Amy passed an assessment with the site Electrical (AP) Appointed Person and the off-site AE (Authorised Engineer). It’s crucial to overcome gender stereotypes and encourage more females to enter the electrical trade for several reasons. Firstly, it will help to

address the reported shortage of electrical professionals in the coming years. By tapping into the underrepresented talent pool of women, the industry can increase the number of qualiﬁed professionals and meet the growing demand for electrical services. Secondly, gender diversity in the electrical trade can bring a range of perspectives, experiences, and ideas to the table. Studies have shown that diverse teams outperform homogeneous teams, leading to better problem-solving, innovation, and decision-making. By limiting your hiring pool to one gender, you may miss out on talented and skilled individuals who can bring fresh ideas and perspectives to your business. Moreover, promoting diversity and gender equality is not just the right thing to do, it also makes good business sense. Studies have shown that companies with more diverse workforces tend to have higher levels of innovation and proﬁtability. Steve Goodridge, Goodridge Electrical Contractors

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COVER STORY

EVOLVING WITH EVOLO We take a look at Deta Electrical’s new range of electric vehicle charge points, recently launched under its eVolo brand, and what the portfolio brings to the EV market. n response to Building Regulations Part S, which mandates the installation of EV charge points in all new build residential properties as well as those undergoing major renovation, eVolo’s modern, smart and stylish range has arrived. Offering products that use leading technology, eVolo launches with a range of smart, safe and secure EV charge points to assist homeowners and businesses in making an easy transition to a new energy efficient future. Reflecting on the launch, Jason Peters, Commercial Director of Deta Electrical, says: “Following regulation changes for new builds and existing homes, we recognise the UK’s growing demand for futureproofed EV charging solutions.

30 May 2023 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Through our established UK distribution network, we will be able to present housebuilders, contractors and end users with a stylish, compact and feature-rich range of charge points.” Smart! Safe! Secure! Designed with cutting edge technology, eVolo EV charge points oﬀer smart, safe and secure EV charging solutions for residential (single dwelling and communal) and commercial (workplace and public) parking. Simple to install and easy to use, the smart charge points provide users with a best-in-class charging experience. An intuitive charge App provides drivers with a convenient solution for managing their charge point(s) either in-situ or remotely from the palm of their hand.

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users the ability to schedule charging and take advantage of demand side response services. Charging for residential (communal) and commercial (workplace or public) parking The eVoomXT charge point provides up to 22kW (three phase) or 7.4kW (single phase) charging, dependent upon the available supply. It is a multi-user, smart charger designed for residential and commercial EV charging. Optional cloud-based software allows communal parking areas to be managed by a Charge Point Operator (CPO), who is then in control of operating and maintaining the EV charging facility and billing the users. Updated government legislation for EV charging Building Regulations Part S, which took eﬀect in June 2022, requires new build properties and existing homes undergoing large renovations (of 10 or more dwellings) to have electric vehicle charge points installed. Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021, which took eﬀect in June 2022, requires all electric vehicle charge points sold in the UK to meet the requirements of the regulations. Additionally, there has been a change of emphasis for OZEV grants, which are now available for apartment blocks, rented accommodation and the workplace. Charging at home The eVoom charge point is compact, smart and suitable for charging electric

and plug-in hybrid vehicles in residential single dwellings with dedicated parking. Designed for quick installation and ease-of-use, this charge point offers a reliable and secure EV charging solution for the whole family. Providing up to 7.4kW power rating, the eVoom charge point is not only faster, but also safer than a traditional 3-pin plug. Housed in a compact design, the 7.4kW eVoom charge point offers the flexibility to be mounted directly onto a wall or on a post in remote car parking spaces. Operated via the App or by RFID card, it's easy to switch the charge point on and off, restricting access to approved users. eVolo’s EV charge points meet the requirements of the Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021. Offering an intelligent design, they allow

Smart App control Complete with a multitude of features, a purpose-built App allows users to track, manage and optimise EV charging. Free to download via the eVolo website (or via the App Store or Google Play), users can carry out vehicle charging to suit their lifestyles. Charging can be scheduled remotely at times that suit the needs of the end user or when lower energy prices are available. Focused on a greener today, and tomorrow Supporting a sustainable future is at the core of the eVolo brand. The charge points have been developed using cutting edge technology, allowing products to be manufactured using recycled materials, protecting the environment for years to come. In support of eVolo’s pledge to promote environmental sustainability, a tree will be planted for every EV charge point sold. 65 years of electrical expertise Founded in 1958, Deta Electrical is a leading manufacturer and distributor of high-quality wiring, lighting and electrical accessories. With a reputation for quality, reliability and value for money, Deta is well established as a leading supplier to the UK, electrical wholesale and retail DIY markets, with a strong presence in the Middle East. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT DETA ELECTRICAL’S NEW EVOLO EV CHARGE POINT RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR009

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ENTER THE CPD ZONE AND EARN 1 CPD CREDIT TOWARDS YOUR PROFESSIONAL RECORD! ontinuing professional development (CPD) can be broadly defined as any type of learning you undertake which increases your knowledge, understanding and experiences of a subject area or role. To help professionals to better document and prove this process, our brand new CPD Zone contains content and articles that have been checked, verified and accredited by a third-party specialist organisation. Collectively, the content within this section has been deemed worthy of 1 CPD credit, or 1 hours’ worth of CPD. Once this content has been consumed, readers will have the opportunity to scan a QR code which will provide a bespoke, downloadable certificate that can be used as part of a

professional’s ongoing CPD record. This means that if you’re a monthly reader of PE, you could earn up to 11 credits, or 11 hours’ worth of CPD, just by reading a regular copy of your favourite independent industry magazine in 2023. DO NOT SCAN THE QR CODE UNLESS YOU HAVE READ ALL OF THE CONTENT WITHIN THIS SECTION! A large element of CPD involves self-certification and relies on professionals being honest about what they have actually read, consumed and digested. A QR code has been placed with the final article in this month’s CPD Zone and ONLY once you have read ALL of the articles within this section, should you then scan the code to receive your bespoke certificate. By skipping any of these steps, you’re not just cheating the system, but yourself and your fellow professionals at the same time!

NEW USERS – ACCESS YOUR BESPOKE CPD CERTIFICATE IN FIVE STEPS 1. Read ALL of the content and articles included within this month’s CPD Zone. 2. Find the QR code with the last article in this section and scan. 3. Enter your email address. 4. Fill out your details on the contact form. 5. Download your certificate for use as part of your annual CPD record. PREVIOUS USERS – ACCESS YOUR CPD CERTIFICATE IN FOUR STEPS 1. Read ALL of the content and articles included within this month’s CPD Zone. 2. Find the QR code with the last article in this section and scan. 3. Enter your name and email address. 4. Download your certificate for use as part of your annual CPD record. All certificates are valid for one year from the issue date. If you’re having any issues with downloading your certificate or using the system, please email us at: pe@hamerville.co.uk

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CODEBREAKERS DARREN FIELDS: WE HAD TO GET A PICTURE AFTER DISCOVERING A NEW INVISIBLE GLAND ON A SWA, RECENTLY INSTALLED ON A BRAND NEW INSTALLATION IN BRISTOL. There’s no excuse for either poor workmanship or a lack of competence, and this submission proves that. The opening in the enclosure for this SWA cable appears to have been made too large for the gland that fits the cable; that said, the next size up probably would have done the job, so it was either unavailable, or the installer may have chosen not to bother, for some reason. The gland performs many jobs, not just to anchor the cable securely but also to provide a connection to cpc or the main earth terminal (MET) or to terminate into an enclosure in a similar manner to a conduit or MICC cable. It also stops undue strain on the terminations from the weight of the cable. DThere may be a lack of competence or understanding on the part of the installer, but to be

fair, there is a correctly fitted and glanded cable to the right that would suﬃce as an instruction of how to fit one, or at least what it should look like! There is also a significant amount of swarf from the hole saw that produced the opening, which should have been removed, as this kind of swarf contamination can cause faults and issues later if they come into contact with any terminations. On top of this, it is pretty clear that the armour of the cable has not been connected to the cpc; whether this was done on purpose to isolate the armouring for some reason is not known, so rather than code against it for non-connection to the cpc, I feel an FI would be a better call here. Overall this is a pretty poor show of technique, competence and work ethic.

The Observations, Regulation infringements and Codes applicable to this observation would be: SWA cable not glanded in accordance with manufacturers guidance strain on terminations

134.1.1, 134.1.4, 522.8.5

SWA cable likely armour not connected to circuit cpc or main earth terminal

134.1.1, 543.2.7,54 2.1.3.3

Poor workmanship, with swarf left in the consumer unit, could be problematic in the future.

134.1.1

GET THE BOOK AND CRACK THOSE CODES! Updated for BS 7671:2018+A2:2022, NAPIT’s EICR Codebreakers publication is purpose-written to aid contractors, inspectors and clients, and now includes updates to align with Amendment 2 of the IET 18th Edition Wiring Regulations. The book is the perfect technical aid for electrical professionals and their customers.

34 May 2023 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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Need help with cracking those all-important EICR codes? Every month the technical team at NAPIT will be studying your latest ‘Caught on Camera’ photos and oﬀering advice on the next steps, should you find a similar installation. If you want the team at NAPIT to help crack your codes then send your pictures through to us at: pe@hamerville.co.uk

HAMMOND ELECTRICS: THIS WAS FOUND RECENTLY ON A SUMMER HOUSE. THE MAIN EARTH WAS IN A BREAKER AS IT DIDN’T FIT IN THE TERMINALS PROVIDED, BUT WAS SWITCHED OFF AND WASN’T CONNECTED TO THE BOARD ITSELF, SO THERE WAS NO EARTH AT ALL! There are a couple of issues here, so I’ll start at the top and work down. Firstly, we have the supply conductors and cpc entering a ferrous enclosure through separate openings, which may lead to heat build-up issues in the surrounding enclosure by eddy currents. Although this is a ‘shall not do’ from a BS 7671 perspective, we must understand that BS 7671 isn’t a purely domestic document; it covers many aspects in its scope. Generally speaking, eddy currents don’t tend to become problematic until the load current is in excess of 100-125 A continuously. In a domestic scenario, it’s unlikely we’ll see too much of an issue on lightly loaded circuits or short-duration high loads. That said, it has to be coded, so without signs of thermal damage and with a low-load design signature, it’s unlikely to be an issue. If thermal damage were present, we’d need to up the coding severity. Secondly, and possibly the most dangerous, is the switched overcurrent protective device (OCPD) placed in the cpc via an MCB. This is incredibly dangerous from both the switching element and the fusingHelement. Fusing in cpcs is not allowed, and switching is only allowed for specific reasons under stringent design factors using devices that simultaneously disconnect all live conductors and the

cpc, such as may be required for alternative supplies. Both of these have significant potential for danger and harm. We’ll overlook the failure to correctly mount the MCB on a din rail, as the device isn’t supposed to be there! Thirdly, the load and supply sides of the switch have been connected the wrong way around. Although this won’t cause an issue in day-to-day operations, the load-side terminals will be live when the switch is isolated. Likewise, the fuse carrier terminals may give access to parts that would normally be de-energised when the switch is in the oﬀ position, and the fuse carrier is swung out to replace the fuse. This kind of poor installation practice has the potential to cause harm if an item is expected to be de-energised and then turns out to be live. There are also a couple of issues with the adequate marking of the SWA conductors, which also need to be addressed.

The Observations, Regulation infringements and Codes applicable to this observation would be: Supply conductors and cpc entering a ferrous enclosure through different openings, no eddy current reduction methods in place, no signs of thermal damage

134.1.1, 521.5.1

Supply and load side conductors reversed, giving access to live parts when they are expected to be de-energised

132.10, 132.15.201, 134.1.1, 422.3.13

Overcurrent protective device (OCPD placed in a circuit protective conductor (cpc)

132.14.1, 134.1.1

SWA conductors not adequately marked to indicate neutral and cpc conductors

134.1.1, 514.3.1

MCB in an open circuit switched configuration placed in a cpc

132.14.2, 134.1.1, 543.3.3.101

The A2:2022 18th Edition Codebreakers publication is priced at £22.00 (members) and £24.00 (non-members). It is available in both hard copy and digital versions * Price is VAT exempt and excludes postage and packaging.

ORDER YOUR COPY OF NAPIT CODEBREAKERS BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR010

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REDUCED LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM BS 7671 permits the use of a range of supplies to equipment on construction sites. This article from the experts at NICEIC summarises the requirements in Section 704 for the use of reduced low voltage (RLV) supplies in such locations. hen considering the use of RLV, it is important to meet the requirements of both Section 411.8 of BS 7671 and also those of BS 4363: 1998 (2013) Specification for distribution assemblies for reduced low voltage electricity supplies for construction and building sites.

Where the use of extra-low voltage is impracticable for functional reasons and/or there is no requirement for the use of SELV or PELV, an RLV system may be used (411.8.1.1). Such types of system have been used on construction sites for many years as a means of reducing the risk and severity of injury from electricity whilst providing an adequate supply

voltage for maintaining correct functionality of site equipment. For this reason, Note 1 of Regulation 704.410.3.10 provides a strong preference for the use of RLV for the supply to portable hand lamps for general use, portable hand tools and local lighting up to 2 kW. RLV is a supply in which the nominal circuit voltage does not exceed 110 V AC

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between lines. For three-phase circuits, the voltage should not exceed 63.5 V between a line and earthed neutral and, for single-phase circuits, 55 V between a line and earthed midpoint (411.8.1.2). This reduced voltage level provides the primary means of protection against electric shock in the RLV system. As such, historically, a disconnection time was not speciﬁed.

Permitted sources of supply The supply to an RLV circuit should be derived from one of the following sources: l

A double-wound isolating transformer meeting the requirements of BS EN 61558-1 and BS EN 61558-2-23 A motor-generator in which the windings provide a degree of isolation equivalent to that provided by the windings of an isolating transformer A source independent of other supplies, such as an engine-driven generator (411.8.4.1).

The secondary windings of a transformer or generator providing the supply to an RLV system must be connected to Earth. As shown in Fig 1, for three-phase supplies, the connection is made at the neutral (star) point and for single-phase supplies the connection is made at the midpoint (411.8.4.2). Basic protection Basic protection must be provided by either basic insulation suitable for the maximum nominal voltage of the RLV system or by the use of barriers or enclosures (411.8.2). Fault protection All exposed-conductive-parts of the RLV system must be connected to Earth. For automatic disconnection of supply during a fault to earth, each line conductor should be protected by either an overcurrent protective device or an RCD. Additionally, Clause 5.5 of BS 4363 requires any circuit-breakers used on output circuits shall disconnect all circuit conductors simultaneously. Regulation 411.8.3 of BS 7671 calls for a maximum disconnection time of 5 seconds for an RLV system.

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The maximum value of earth fault loop impedance to achieve this disconnection time can be found by the application of one of the following formulae derived from the expression given in Regulation 411.4.4: For fuses or circuit-breakers:

ܼ௦ ݉ܽ‫ ݔ‬൑

ܷ଴ ൈ ‫ܥ‬௠௜௡ ‫ܫ‬௔

Where: U0 is the nominal AC rms voltage to Earth, 55 V for 1-ph RLV or 63.5 V for 3-ph RLV (411.8.3) Ia is the current in amperes (A) causing the automatic operation of the disconnecting device within 5s Cmin is the minimum voltage factor, taking account of voltage variations depending on time and place, changing of transformer taps and other considerations (typically taken as 0.95) Alternatively, Table 41.6 of BS 7671 provides maximum earth fault loop impedance values for circuit-breakers to BS EN 60898, RCBOs to BS EN 61009-1 and for general purpose fuses to BS 88-2 fuse systems E and G. It should be noted at this point that Clause 7.1 of BS 4363 recommends for a single-phase transformer assembly (TA/1) that: l

any single-phase output circuits having a rating up to 32 A supplying socket-outlets, and any circuits in excess of 32 A, whether supplying circuits directly or via socket-outlets,

triple-pole circuit-breakers (Clause 7.3). This precludes the use of fuses at the origin of circuits in such site assemblies. Clause 7 also states that any socket-outlets in excess of 32 A rating must be mechanically or electrically interlocked to prevent the on-load removal of the plug. Where fault protection is provided by an RCD, the following condition must be met: IΔn × Zs ≤ 50 V Where: (I∆n) is the rated residual operating current of the RCD providing fault protection. However, where an RCD is relied upon for fault protection for example, where the earth fault loop impedance value is high, an appropriate overcurrent protective device must still be provided in each line conductor in accordance with Chapter 43 (411.4.5; 411.5.2). Particular requirements where the installation forms part of a TT system BS 7671 permits the use of a Class I enclosure to house an RCD at the origin of an installation forming part of a TT system subject to the use of live conductors having double or reinforced insulation on the supply side of the incoming device (531.3.5.3.2.201). Similarly, Clause 6.5.4.1 of BS 7375 1 states that a metallic enclosure may be used if insulating glands, gland plates or other measures, providing the equivalent Class II insulation between the incoming supply conductors and equipment metalwork are taken to reduce the possibility of earth faults.

must be protected by double-pole circuit-breakers. Similarly, in a three-phase transformer assembly (TA/3), any three-phase circuit having a rating up to 32 A supplying socket-outlets should be protected by

Fig 1. Three-phase and Single-phase RLV supplies

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However, this clause also states that, wherever practicable, an insulating enclosure should be used to avoid the risk of earth faults between incoming cables and metalwork on the supply side of the principal protective device(s). It should also be recognised that any specific requirements imposed by a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) as conditional to the provision of a supply on a construction site must also be met. For example, Clause 6.2.2.2 of Engineering Recommendation G12, issue 4 2 does not permit any exposed-conductive-parts before, or enclosing, an RCD. As a result, an RCD at the origin would have to be housed in an enclosure of Class II or equivalent all-insulated construction. Circuits Every plug, socket-outlet, luminaire supporting coupler, device for connecting a luminaire and cable coupler used in RLV systems should have a protective conductor contact that is not dimensionally compatible with those used for any other system in use on the particular construction or demolition site (411.8.5). All plugs and socket-outlets including, cable couplers and cable connectors - of current rating 16 A up to 125 A should meet the requirements of BS EN 60309-2 3 (704.511.1). Unless otherwise specified in that standard, the requirements of BS EN 60309-1 4 are also applicable. Accessories to BS EN 60309-2 are classified as non-interchangeable with respect to their current and voltage ratings. Clause 7.7 of BS EN 60309-1 states that the operating voltage of accessories may be indicated by colour. Accessories suitable for operation at 100 – 130 V, should be identified by the colour yellow. While there is no requirement to do so, this colour coding system is often also applied to the outer sheath of flexible cables. Summary The reduced low voltage (RLV) system provides both a safe system for use in the harsh environment typically associated with construction and demolition sites whilst providing a source of supply that is sufficient for the majority of site electrical equipment to function properly. When an RLV system is employed it is important that all relevant requirements relating to the installation of such systems are met. This will require reference to a number of British Standards including in particular BS 7671 and BS 4363. Key references: 1

BS 7375: 2010 Distribution of electricity on construction and demolition sites – Code of practice 2 Engineering Recommendation G12 Issue 4 - Requirements for the Application of Protective Multiple Earthing to Low Voltage Networks 3 BS EN 60309-2:2022 Plugs, fixed or portable socket-outlets and appliance inlets for industrial purposes. Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube accessories 4 BS EN 60309-1:2022 Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes. General requirements

YOU CAN GET MORE DETAILS ON NICEIC MEMBERSHIP AND BENEFITS BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR011

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UNIFIED GLARE RATINGS: HOW DO THEY WORK? What are Unified Glare Ratings (UGR) and how do you calculate them? The team at ROBUS provides us with the answers. he visual sensation of Uniﬁed Glare occurs when there is excessive and uncontrolled brightness. There are two commonly considered types of glare: the type that can be disabling and the kind that can simply be uncomfortable. Whilst glare is subjective and sensitivity to it can vary greatly, the ageing and shaping characteristics of the human eye also play a part. Often, the more senior the user the more susceptible to glare they become.

Discomfort glare Overly bright light sources can induce annoyance or even pain, but they do not actually impair vision.

40 May 2023 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Disability glare Intense light sources in the field of view causing the reduction in visibility. It causes a loss of visibility from stray light being scattered within the eye. Minimising direct glare Lighting arrangements and cut-off angles are two of the most important factors for minimising direct glare from luminaires. However, the UGR value as a measurement of direct glare does not depend on the individual luminaire, but rather on the room and the viewer's position within each workspace. Unified Glare Ratings, simplified as UGR, are calculated using a precise formula. Essentially, this formula measures the luminance of a luminaire divided by the background of visible luminance from the room. In order to truly calculate UGR, at the design stage, RAL numbers of wall and floor coverings would enable the truest form of calculation. In many cases this information is yet to be defined so

designers refer to a default set of reflectances. The UGR ranges from 5 to 40. The lower the number, the lower the generated glare. For example, a UGR of 10 would mean the glare is so discreet it will go unnoticed and create a comfortable working environment, while a UGR of 30 will cause distraction and potentially discomfort to the user. UGR is applicable to lighting installations, not luminaires. The formula requires the prior knowledge of the position and brightness of each potential glare source, so is often calculated once a lighting design has been finalised. UGR calculations are accurate, but relatively difficult to work with, so they’re

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(pictured at the bottom of page 40). The calculation of UGR is independent of the height of the luminaires above the observer's eye (H) with luminaire spacing (also = H), as H changes the size of the room and spacing of the luminaires. A typical UGR table is shown in the image (pictured, left). You should follow these steps to determine the UGR value: l

often calculated with the use of computer software. Calculating glare involves summing all the light coming from all sources at a particular angle entering the eye at a particular location within each room. UGR recommendations are pre-determined and set by SLL in the UK and Ireland. A brief and shortform example of this can be seen in the table

l l

Determine room size. This can be expressed in terms of the number of luminaires in each direction. Determine reﬂectances of the room surfaces. Generally, we would assume most spaces would conform to the ﬁrst two columns of each row. Determine viewing direction: crosswise or endwise relative to the luminaire dimensions. Read the UGR value from the table.

Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a ‘UGR19-compliant’ luminaire in itself. Luminaires do, however, support the performance of a UGR-compliant design or installation. Full compliance can only be determined once the ergonomics and geometry relative to the occupants of a space have been assessed. The UGR calculation of a room where multiple luminaire types are utilised will be calculated based upon the product with the greatest Unified Glare intensity. If a manufacturer claims a product carries a UGR19 compliance, it can only be for a set of pre-determined conditions. A luminaire UGR is a way to simply determine if it is likely to cause any discomfort in specific types of work or office environment. BROWSE THE 2023 ROBUS LIGHTING CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR012

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Dr. Zzeus ‘DR. ZZEUS’ TOM BROOKES, md of zzeus training and CHAIRMAN OF THE FSA, ANSWERS YOUR QUESTIONS RELATED TO FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE. Q. I’ve been asked to commission a fire alarm system that a subcontractor has installed for our client. The spacing of the detection is all within BS 5839-1:2017. However, the detection on suspended ceilings is just a hole with two lumps of wood screwing the base up without any back box, and no glands or grommets protecting the cable (see picture). I spoke to the contractor, and he said he doesn’t have to do it because it does not say in BS 5839-1 that penetration through a suspended ceiling must have a back to it. Can you clarify please? This type of installer (or worse still, the company in question) boils my blood. Essentially, they’ve taken a theory-only BS 5839-1 installation course, and away they went with a CPD certificate saying they’re now an advanced installer. The short answer to the question is that it must have a back box or, as it is worded in BS 7671, be in an enclosure. The longer answer is as follows: BS 5839-1 is one of many standards that should be used during the installation of the fire alarm system. Within that standard, BS 7671 is referenced no less than 16 times, including, notably, clause 37 Installation that states the entire system should conform to the requirements of BS 7671. This practice breaches several clauses in BS 7671:2018 and amendment 2: 2022 – my first thought was that it breaches clause 526.5. Every termination and joint in a live conductor or a PEN conductor shall be

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In short, buy a galvanised metal conduit box or a plastic fire-resistant one. With cables where the sheathing is removed, it also breaches Clause 526.8, which states that where cables have been stripped to the bare cores at the termination, they shall be enclosed. I recently spoke with Senior Technical Manager at the ECA, Gary Parker, who is named in BS 7671 and he listed three other clauses it breaches. 521.10.1 Installation of cables 522.8.1 Other mechanical stresses 522.8.5 (dependent on the installation)

made within one of the following: - A suitable accessory that complies with the appropriate product standard. - An equipment enclosure that complies with the appropriate standards. - An enclosure partially formed or completed with building materials that are non-combustible and meet the requirements of BS 476.4. So, what does that mean? Basically you should either use a suitable back box/enclosure purchased from your electrical supplier that meets the standards or you can make an enclosure out of fire-resisting materials.

This is why when we train to BS 5839-1 at ZZEUS, we always state during our installation training that the reason there are only three clauses in BS 5839-1 on installation is that the bulk of the installation should comply with BS 7671. By not doing so the installer is in serious breach of BS 5839-1:2017 clause 3.12: A competent person who is a person with the relevant current training and experience, and with access to the requisite tools, equipment and information, and capable of carrying out a defined task. DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION YOU'D LIKE ANSWERED? EMAIL YOUR QUERIES TO: TOM@ZZEUS.ORG.UK

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Frank Bertie, Chief Technical Oﬃcer at NAPIT, takes a closer look at the requirements for carrying out risk assessments.

RISKY BUSINESS here an electrical installer is involved in carrying out any new work, there has to be a consideration of what the work entails, where it is to be installed, who is to carry out the work and when the work will commence. With the above in mind, part of health and safety legislation requires a risk assessment of the work process to ensure the engagement of any such work does not present a danger to those carrying out the work, to persons near to the work location or any members of the public that

may have access during the work In this article we discuss the process and provide a reminder of the risk assessment requirements prior to carrying out any new electrical work. What does the legislation require? The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSWA 1974) and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (SI 2006 No 438) are both clear in their requirements for carrying out risk assessments and that such information should be recorded and reviewed. The HSWA 1974 is fundamentally the most important Act that every electrical installer must adhere to at all times. Section 2 (1) of the Regulations states: ‘it shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all of his employees’. Within HSWA, the term ‘his’ is generally interpreted to include all genders. Although the Act refers to an ‘employer’, by inference it is also applied to those who are ‘self-employed’, considering the self-employed are also responsible for their own safety and those around them, whilst engaged in any working activity.

In addition to the steps previously mentioned, health and safety of members of the public and other workers within the vicinity must be taken into account during the planning of any electrical work. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (SI 2006 No 438) (MHSWR 2006) goes a step further than the HSWA 1974, in that it calls directly for risk assessments to be carried out in a multitude of instances. MHSWR (2006): Section 3(1): (a) The risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and (b) The risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking. As can be seen, this reiterates the message of the HSWA 1974. The employer is responsible for his employees as well as anyone who may be aﬀected by their actions. Clearly this is very important, and the MHSWR (2006) gives the same message to self-employed individuals: MHSWR (2006): Section 3(2): Every self-employed person shall make a

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suitable and suﬃcient assessment of: (a) The risks to his own health and safety to which he is exposed whilst he is at work; and, (b)The risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking. All risk assessments must be reviewed and revalidated if a change of circumstance becomes apparent as in the following: MHSWR (2006) Section 3 (3) Any assessment such as is referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) shall be reviewed by the employer or self-employed person who made it if: (a) There is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid; or, (b)There has been a signiﬁcant change in the matters to which it relates; and whereas a result of any such review changes to an assessment are required, the employer or self-employed person concerned shall make them. What needs to be considered for new electrical installations? The Electricity at Work Regulations as well as BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 cover the requirements for electrical installations. Although these regulations refer to risk assessments, these are not considered to be part of the main risk assessment for work activities but do need to be taken

into account. So, we need to look at what type of work is to be carried out as each installation presents particular risks and hazards and steps are required to manage any of the potential risks. Does the installation include large switchgear and equipment? This would include machinery to safely move the equipment into place from the delivery to the ﬁnal position within the premises. The days of manhandling this type of equipment should be long gone due to the dangers of back and muscle injury to persons carrying out this work. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) provides a guide on manual handling at work which refers back to MHSWR (2006) and there is further legislation covering the topic Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. Does any of the installation material or methods contain any risks? All installation work carries a risk. For example, during containment installation, which involves cutting, site manufacture, assembly and ﬁxing, all of these activities must be considered as part of the risk assessment, along with any steps necessary for the provision of suitable personal protective equipment, again subject to legislation recently amended by The Personal Protective Equipment at Work (Amendment) Regulations 2022. Are any of the installation materials or processes subject to substances hazardous to health? This is an important area for which there is legislation called Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH). It covers a wide range of substances and activities, such as dusts resulting from cutting and grinding, lubricants as well as references to COSHH found in the instructions of the relevant manufacturer.

Risk assessment is a highly important step in any Where is the installation to construction/installation work carried out be carried out? 46 May 2023 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Each type of premises and location provides a diﬀerent challenge – from a dwelling to a hospital – which can lead to a more detailed risk assessment being carried out so as to include the range of very particular requirements and regulations to be considered. These could be as follows: l l l

Is it a new build or existing premises? Is the work to be internal or external? Is there working at heights involved?

A new build premises would seem to be a more straightforward case, but the activities will operate in a construction site environment, where the main contractor will have a raft of site-speciﬁc requirements. In contrast, with an existing building there may not be construction site issues, but there will be a need to survey or review any records of the materials and services that exist, in order to ensure that appropriate precautions are taken, such as when asbestos is present. Who is at risk during the proposed work? Although we’re looking at who is at risk, we do have to remember that everyone has a responsibility to ensure the health and safety of those around them. With regards to a work task, we’re trying to highlight the areas of risk to those carrying out the work, not just the work task itself, but also any materials or additional items, such as working at height. Additional details would require inclusion for other trades, staﬀ and any members of the public who have access to or are in the vicinity of the work area. When is the work to be carried out? This is a crucial consideration as the proposed time for the work task can either increase or decrease the risks associated with the task. Obviously with electrical installation or inspection and testing this would require some form of isolation to allow safe working, therefore arrangements will have to be carried out to allow this during out of normal working hours. With commercial interests, any downtime for a business is seen as a critical issue, and although domestic premises may seem more straightforward, with many employees now working from

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home, this also requires to be factored in. Recording the risk assessment When carrying out risk assessments it is vital that the records are adequate and accurate, covering all of the risks associated with the planned work activities. Remember that the Certificates, Records and Assessment documentation produced during your current risk assessment will provide the starting point for the review and maintaining safe working in the future. The method for recording the risk assessment information is only relevant if it is accessible and can be viewed as required. Although paper documentation can be suitable, the use and application of software systems for this purpose provide a more effective resource. Review and monitoring Each risk assessment should be unique to the work activity and although part of the information can be reused for future risk assessments, the particulars for each work task must be reviewed. The monitoring of the risk assessments carried out will assist in improving the health and safety of the business by learning and adapting the work processes. Conclusion By carrying out the required assessment of the electrical installation, the electrical installer then has the necessary information to be able to commence working with the knowledge that health and safety aspects of the work have been included for the benefit of those carrying out the work and those who may be impacted by it.

The Risk Assessment and Management Code of Practice is available from NAPIT Direct FOR MORE DETAILS ON NAPIT’S ‘RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT CODE OF PRACTICE’ PUBLICATION, VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR013

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WHAT IS POWER FACTOR? Are your clients paying for electricity they don’t use? Chauvin-Arnoux UK’s Julian Grant discusses power factor, what it is and why you should be constantly monitoring and correcting it. hile business owners and accountants are worrying about energy prices, many are completely unaware that for the sake of some simple monitoring and correction equipment, their business may be seriously falling short of what is required to be electrically efficient. Recent cases discovered by a renowned Power Quality Improvement Service have identified many examples where as much as half of the electricity being consumed by businesses is literally going to waste. And high energy bills are only part of the problem. Power factor also impacts on the reliability of the network itself and can cause a variety of electrical issues that may result in the early failure of capital equipment. This equipment often gets replaced at great expense without the root cause ever being observed or identified. Poor power factor can also impact heavily on the capacity to add new loads when a business expands. Saving money by using a cheaper supplier and employing an energy

comparison consultant to get the best deal is an obvious thing to do, and easy to justify. However, poor power factor is now such an issue, the businesses installing power factor correction, and saving their customers thousands of pounds on their electricity bills by doing so, are literally inundated with work. What is power factor? Some electrical equipment used in industrial and commercial buildings requires an amount of reactive power in addition to real or active power in order to work eﬀectively. These tend to be items with copper windings in them, especially transformers, motors, induction heaters, arc welders and compressors. Reactive power (kVAr) is the vector diﬀerence between real or active power (kW) and the total power consumed, which is called apparent power and measured in kVA. Power factor is a ratio of the real power that is used to do work and the apparent power that is supplied to the circuit. It’s quite easy to understand if you consider a pint of beer, where the whole glass that you pay for is the apparent power, the bit you want most (the beer) is

the active power, and the bit you want as little of as possible (the head) is the reactive power. A full pint with no head would

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CASE STUDY EXAMPLE:

represent a power factor of 1, or unity power factor, and in that situation, there would be no reactive power. In reality a power factor greater than 0.95 is generally aimed for – 0.98 if you can get it. That’s the equivalent of a pint with a nice small head on it! According to The Carbon Trust it is not uncommon for industrial installations to be operating at power factors between 0.7 and 0.8, which is surprising since measuring power factor is not at all diﬃcult. Routine measurement It can be routinely measured using portable test instruments, or alternatively, can be permanently monitored in real-time with constantly displayed values, while also showing a multitude of other useful parameters including voltage, current and energy consumption. In this situation it is also possible to set alarms to remotely warn the facility manager if the power factor strays below a pre-set limit. Similarly, while speciﬁcation of a power

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factor correction (PFC) system requires knowledge of several factors including the voltage level and typical usage of the reactive loads on-site, the usage profile across the site, and the power quality required by the on-site loads, all of this is easily measured and calculated. PFC systems are a fraction of the cost of the potential savings they can bring. Compensating for poor power factor The simplest form of PFC involves fitting capacitors, and it is worth taking expert advice on the system that will suit you. If a single machine has a poor power factor, capacitors can be connected in parallel with the device, so that they compensate for the poor power factor whenever the machine is switched on. If the power factor of a site is permanently poor and no single item of equipment is solely responsible, fixed PFC can be connected across the main power supply to the premises. Where many machines are switching on and off at various times, the power factor may be subject to frequent change. In this case the amount of PFC needs to be controlled automatically. In other words, the banks of capacitors need to be selectively switched in and out of the power circuit appropriately. There are various solutions on the market for performing this capacitor bank switching automatically.

A TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS Following a request in June 2016 to monitor its electrical supply by a metal fabrication business specialising in the design and manufacture of tubular and sheet metal sub-assemblies and screens, an average power factor of 0.73 was measured over a period of four days. To put that into perspective, a power factor of 0.7 requires approximately 43% more current to do the same thing as an installation with unity power factor. A power factor of 0.5 requires approximately 200% (twice as much) current to handle the same load. After the installation of appropriate automatic power factor correction equipment in January 2017 the average power factor monitored over a complete week increased to 0.98. The apparent power was reduced by just over 13%. Current dropped by between 10% and 17% per phase, and reactive power was reduced from 119kVAr to less than 8kVAr. These reductions were made even with a slight increase in demand during the six months between the initial measurements and the corrective action. Based on a real to apparent power diﬀerence prior to the power factor correction of 38.7 and a real to apparent power diﬀerence after the power factor correction of 2, and assuming an electricity cost of £0.15 per kWh, this would equate to a saving of over £8,800 per year in reduced electricity charges. In light of the ever-growing price of the electricity clients are buying, it is probably about time they checked their power factor to see how much of that electricity is being paid for but not used. BROWSE CHAUVIN ARNOUX’S LATEST TEST & MEASUREMENT BROCHURE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR014

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HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT CABLES Where did halogen-free flame retardant cables come from and why are they important? Mark Froggatt, Technical Director at BASEC, explains more. ften overlooked, the electric cable is a fundamental ingredient in any Infrastructure project globally. The greater need for more power, more data transmission and more of everything, in general, has driven signiﬁcant development of cable technology over the years.

Material developments In the 1880s, the ﬁrst cables were insulated with gutta percha, a natural latex material produced from the sap of trees of the same name. In the late 19th century, paper cables were becoming more popular and could operate at voltages up

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to 10KV. However, in the 1930s in Germany, the evolution of the numerous polymeric insulation materials in use today started to gather pace, and by the 1950s, PVC cables were more commonplace. Other materials, such as chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSP), were developed. From this point onwards, the development and progression of cable technology to fulﬁl the ever-growing requirements of power and a data-hungry world have continued. In the 1970s, using XLPE as an insulating material signiﬁcantly developed in the power transmission and distribution sector, replacing paper-insulated cables with a much

improved dielectric property. At this time the use of PVC and XLPE was widespread, however due to the growing uses of cables in a wide range of applications with high power requirements, the suitability of some of these materials was brought under scrutiny. Tragedy driving change There have been several high-profile tragedies that have driven change, such as HMS Sheffield going down in flames during the Falkland war (1982), the Kings Cross station disaster in 1987 which resulted in the loss of 31 lives, as well as the Dusseldorf airport fire in 1996. In all these instances, the presence of choking black smoke and acidic gases were deemed to be a significant contributor to the loss of life due to the inability to evacuate and the respiratory issues caused by the smoke and fumes, with burning PVC cabling cited as one of the contributory factors in the smoke and fume production. It has been established that when combusted PVC evolves, significant amounts of choking black smoke and acidic fumes are in the form of hydrochloric acid. This is often the case when it comes to in internal cabling, specifically in areas of high human traffic. As a result, an alternative to PVC was required.

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The evolution of halogen-free flame retardant cables The detrimental effects of PVC and other halogenated materials in the form of the evolution of acidic, choking, dense smoke-producing fumes and gas in the event of fire have led to the development of materials which offer a much cleaner burn. This is particularly important in areas where public evacuation in the event of a fire is of the utmost importance, and hence there has become greater regulation and de-facto regulation in airports, high-rise buildings, and hospitals, to name a few. This material evolution has been a journey, though, with several advances. The primary reason for this is that halogenated flame-retardant materials chemically disrupt the production of free radicals and effectively shut down the combustion process. Halogen-free materials rely on inorganic materials, such as aluminium trihydrate ATH or magnesium dihydrate MDH, which works by withdrawing heat from the plastic during its decomposition into metal oxide and water. The water vapour propagates and reduces the fuel supply to the flame. This creates formulation problems in that the polymer is required to accept a large amount of mineral filler and maintain some mechanical and electrical properties – mutually exclusive, as adding the filler inherently reduces both. When it comes to the maintenance of electrical properties, the inorganic materials significantly reduce the dielectric properties of materials such as polyethylene, considered the best polymeric insulator available. This makes using halogen-free low smoke compounds

as insulators more difficult, as the primary function of the insulator is compromised. The current state of play Over the years, there have been many advances in the properties of halogen-free materials in cables. The dichotomy between electrical/mechanical performance and flame retardancy has been addressed in a number of ways, with chemical additives allowing increased use of mineral fillers, polymer composition and the development of "thermoplastic elastomers" such as Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA). These materials allow significantly higher amounts of mineral filler to be incorporated into the compound to give a higher flame-retardant performance. This does, however, reduce the dielectric properties. Due to this, the usual mechanism for reduced flammability in halogen-free cables adopts the approach that the cable is protected from fire from the outside. High-performance, low-flammability cable sheaths are employed to prevent the interior of the cable from becoming compromised by the fire. In this way, better dielectric materials such as polyethylene and cross-linked polyethylene can be used as insulation – allowing for better data transmission in data cables (where data speed and integrity are becoming more prominent in a data-driven world). Likewise, smaller wall cables for medium voltage cables are used in buildings – which is becoming increasingly popular. So, why is third-party approval important? High-performance flame-retardant materials allow an improved reaction to

fire performance, although it is critical to the cable performance that these are used in suitable applications. The fact that the technology employed in these materials comes at a higher cost means that the manufacturer must use more expensive materials in their cable designs. In today's ultra-competitive world, this leads to the typical discussion around ‘golden samples’, where high-end materials are used for type approval tests, and a cheaper, less effective material is used for ongoing production. This potential risk can be mitigated with a BASEC product approval, where all cable designs are tested annually, and materials are fingerprinted to ensure that the approved materials are used on an ongoing basis. This type of product approval, along with the CPR/UKCA approach to product selection, means that building designers and specifiers can have peace of mind when it comes to cable selection of BASEC approved products. LEARN MORE ABOUT BASEC CABLE TESTING AND CERTIFICATION AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR015

CPD ZONE! SCAN THE QR CODE TO CLAIM YOUR CPD CREDIT FOR THIS EDITION OR VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ EAR016

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Working on your own? Need some technical advice? Don’t know where to turn? Ask Megger. What it doesn’t know about installing and testing electrical systems isn’t worth knowing. Every question will be answered by the Megger Technical Team, and the best will be published in Professional Electrician. So, take advantage of the ‘every question answered’ guarantee today. email your questions to: meggermeasures@hamerville.co.uk

You ask: I OFTEN SEEM TO BE WORKING ON INSTALLATIONS WHERE CIRCUITS ARE EITHER NOT LABELLED AT ALL OR THE LABEL IS ILLEGIBLE. AS A RESULT I WASTE A LOT OF TIME TRYING TO WORK OUT WHICH FUSE OR BREAKER IS PROTECTING THE CIRCUIT I’M WORKING ON. CAN YOU HELP?

Megger says: Megger’s new MFL205 fuse locator has been developed specifically to solve this problem! It consists of two parts: a transmitter and a separate handheld receiver. To use it, all you do is connect the transmitter to the circuit you’re working on, and then sweep the receiver over the fuses or breakers in the distribution board. When you come to the fuse or breaker protecting the circuit you’re interested in, the receiver will give you audible and visible indications. Receiver sensitivity is automatically adjusted to give the best results, so pinpointing the right fuse or breaker is easy. The transmitter uses industry-standard 4mm connectors. Black and red crocodile clips are supplied as standard, with BS 1363 and Shuko (Type F) socket adaptors available as optional accessories. You can use the MFL205 fuse locator on 110 V or 230 V circuits, and it has a CAT III 300 V safety rating. It’s a useful addition to your kit that will save you a lot of time and frustration! GET MORE DETAILS AND SPECS FOR THE MFL205 FUSE LOCATOR AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR017

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CIRCUIT PROTECTION

CHOICE IS YOURS Choice or eﬃciency? We learn more about how Niglon is solving this particular dilemma with the launch of its new surge device.

electing the right circuit protection solution isn’t always easy – and the product choice available can prompt many questions. How many ways in a board? Does that include the incomer? Is that the same as the number of modules? Is a split board needed? What ampage should the incomer be? Is an RCBO loaded board better than an RCD or MCB? Single phase or three phase? What about surge protection? It’s hardly a surprise that the technical department at UK-supplier Niglon receives more queries about circuit protection than almost any other type of product in its 4,500-strong range. Surge arrestors in particular are a source of many incoming enquiries.

The rules New guidance was provided on when and where surge protection should be ﬁtted when the 18th Edition wiring regulations

were issued. And this was further refined and (arguably) simplified by the second amendments, introduced last year. Many installers are opting to fit surge protection, although there will be some who don’t deem it to be necessary under the guidelines, and other installations where the owner of the property is happy to confirm in writing that they don’t want protection fitted. A trend that the Niglon team is noticing, however, is that many contractors are using surge protection as standard – and there’s been a significant lift in demand for consumer units fitted with surge. The conundrum Wholesalers that stock units that have no surge protection incorporated, alongside those that do, are giving installers the chance to choose which they’d prefer when making purchases. This does, however, mean double-stocking a range of popular board types (straight, high integrity, split load) and sizes (from 4W up to 19W), which can be costly, reduce stock turnover, and take up a lot of space. Not ideal. The answer In a bid to keep both installers and wholesalers happy, Niglon got to work on developing a solution. The result is a new domestic surge protection device (NSA2-240) which is suitable for the most popular applications (type 1 and 2), meaning wholesalers can offer a range of boards

with the easy addition of surge protection if and where required, and contractors can easily carry the device in their van to be used when needed. But what about the faff of wiring surge devices up? Time is money after all! The development team was keen to offer a product which could be installed efficiently and effectively – meaning the new device comes with 6mm2 tail leads and easy-to-follow instructions as well as the live being located at the bottom, so connections can be made to the main switch with a piece of busbar. It’s also rated with an Imax of 40kA meaning no MCB is required (providing the main board fuse is 125A or under), saving more time and expense and providing an extra way in the board. Talking about the launch, Niglon Director, Oliver Hinley, said: “We’re really pleased to be able to offer this new device to the market, as we believe it offers significant advantages to wholesalers – minimising the need for double-stocking – without disadvantaging contractors who want to have a choice of boards to purchase. “We’ve focused on the features of the device to ensure it is quick and simple to install, because we know from our long experience in the industry that this is essential for contractors.” BROWSE THE LATEST NIGLON PRODUCT CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR018

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SEARCHING QUESTIONS Jake Green, Head of Technical Engagement with Scolmore Group, looks at some of the factors that contractors should be considering when sourcing distribution boards.

s a sector, we’re only too familiar with the increasing pressures that have been introduced by tight margins and the need to complete projects on time, to shorter programmes and within restricted budgets. Within these constraints, the appeal of a lower priced product, or more easily accessed item, may make sense in the short term, but can contractors aﬀord to put themselves in a position where a product may fail to meet the requirements for which it has been speciﬁed, resulting in time lost, delays on-site, or (the worst case scenario) injury to a person? It is more important than ever for contractors to have the security of

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knowing that the suppliers and brands they’re working with are rigorously tested, fully compliant, will help deliver faster installation and are backed up with reliable customer support service.

metal consumer units covers a broad range of installations and offers a number of features and benefits that enhance the products’ convenience, flexibility and safety properties.

A new market player When Scolmore entered the consumer unit market in 2021, it did so from its position as a leading name in the UK wiring accessories market with a long standing reputation for quality, reliability and innovation. The launch of Elucian brought to the professional contractor a comprehensive consumer unit and circuit protection range that was designed with the installer in mind. Compliant with all the latest regulations, the extensive collection of

Third party approvals The consumer units in the Elucian by Click range are all tested, and third party approved to BS EN 61439-3 - Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies Distribution boards intended to be operated by ordinary persons (DBO). DBOs have the following criteria: l intended to be operated by ordinary

persons (e.g. switching operations and replacing fuse-links), e.g. in domestic

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(household) applications.

l outgoing circuits contain protective

devices, intended to be operated by ordinary persons, complying with BS EN 60898-1, BS EN 61008, BS EN 61009, BS EN 62423 and BS EN 60269-3. (All Elucian protective devices supplied by Click Scolmore are third party approved to the relevant product standard i.e. MCBs to BS EN 60898-1; RCBOs to BS EN 61009-1 and RCDs to BS EN 61008.) l rated voltage to earth does not exceed 300 V a.c. l rated current (Inc) of the outgoing circuits does not exceed 125 A and the rated current (InA) of the DBO does not exceed 250 A. l intended for the distribution of electrical energy. l enclosed, stationary. l for indoor or outdoor use. Scolmore has a Declaration of Conformity to back up its third party testing, which is available on request. A Declaration of Conformity is a requirement for UKCA marking because it acts as signed proof that a product is safe to use. AFDDs – the new kids on the block Among the significant changes included in the Amendment 2 to BS 7671:2018 (18th Edition of the IET Wiring Regulations) is a requirement for Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) in AC final circuits supplying socket-outlets in specific installations (detailed in Regulation 421.1.7). An Arc Fault Detection Device (AFDD) is a safety device which activates in the presence of series and parallel arc faults by monitoring the waveform (signature) of an arc. It does this by electronically analysing the waveform and operates when the waveform falls outside of predetermined values. The standard required for Arc Fault devices is BS EN 62606. This provides the minimum safety and performance requirements AFDDs shall conform to. BS EN 62606: 2013+A1: 2017 General requirements for arc fault detection devices states that the purpose of an AFDD is: ‘…to mitigate the risk of fire in final circuits of a fixed installation due to the effect of arc fault currents that pose a

risk of ﬁre ignition under certain conditions if the arcing persists’. As a relatively new product to the UK, demand for AFDDs has been high. Here, Scolmore has applied the same rigorous tests and procedures to ensure its AFDD products are safe, reliable and suitable for the intended applications.

HF noise in the high kHz to the MHz region. This ‘noise’ is generated by the movement of the arc roots at the cathode. Whilst there are other sources of ‘noise’ which are naturally generated by electrical equipment operating normally, these are of a diﬀerent nature and the algorithm ﬁlters them out.

Causes of arc Contact arcs can result from either direct or indirect contact between metal parts which are moving relative to one another or have little conductivity, such as a loose electrical connection or a break in conductor. To generate an arc is a complicated process, but principally an arc fault is a function of the voltage and the distance between the two points of contact. Initially, an arc is composed of metallic vapours (for example, carbon) and current can flow through the damaged section. As the current flows through a material that is a relatively poor conductor, heat is built up due to the heating effect.

2. Continuous ‘Noise’ must not be of a brief duration or very intermittent. It is only a continuous process that will lead to the creation of a ﬁre risk and, therefore, where ‘noise’ is intermittent this will not lead to the operation of the AFDD.

Means of detection of arc faults Manufacturers diﬀer in how they choose to conform to the requirements of the Standard. Scolmore applies three characteristics in complex algorithms which, when taken together, will cause its AFDD to trip. These are: 1. Noise

3. Current variation Erratic variations in current and waveform distorting the typical sinusoidal waveform of the normal supply. A series arc will have an impact on the nature of the load current within a ﬁnal circuit. At the point of arcing there will be an increase in heating with a corresponding variation in current. The AFDD algorithm will sense this changing current. Unless all three elements are present the AFDD will not operate as it is unlikely that a true series or parallel arc will be present. BROWSE THE ELUCIAN CIRCUIT PROTECTION CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR019

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TERRA VISION We discover more about the latest developments in surge protection technology and find out why Mersen’s latest offering could benefit your next installation. ny manufacturing and processing facility with motors stopping and starting, light load panels being turned on and off frequently, and other potential power disturbances is at risk from the damage caused by surge spikes. Surges can occur frequently, leading to constant stress on electronic and electrical components. Ultimately, this continued stress will result in failure, the tripping of RCDs, unplanned production outages and the associated costs. To help avoid such issues, Mersen has a comprehensive offering of surge protection solutions, including the advanced pluggable ‘Surge Trap’ TERRA surge protection devices.

Redefining surge protection The TERRA surge protection range is claimed to be the first on the market that, in addition to indicating that it is properly installed and wired, guarantees that there is an adequate path to earth, which is essential if the protection device is to shunt the energy peaks to earth effectively. With an Earth Monitoring System, and for the protection to work properly, the

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correct status of the earthing system in an electrical installation is essential. Wouldn’t it, therefore, be beneficial to be able to see what percentage of your installed surge protection is providing effective protection? TERRA’s simple information system makes it perfect for both unskilled personnel and maintenance engineers and technicians who specialise in earth connections to view the current earthing status. A series of bright LED lights provide the user with a variety of information – steady green means all is well, while flashing and steady amber and red indicators means that something is causing an issue and should be investigated further. TERRA helps the user avoid situations that might cause power cuts, processing downtime and the resultant repair costs, which could result in damage to both the installation and your brand reputation. This dependable surge protection device relays additional information about the earthing system, providing additional opportunities for general protection and safety – not just for surge protection. Confirmation of proper installation It is relatively common for wiring errors to occur during the installation of surge protection devices, potentially resulting in the loss of protection or risks to the installation itself. When the TERRA LED is green, it indicates that the protection device is properly wired and powered up, flashing and steady amber indicates that

surge protection is not operating effectively, and a flashing and steady red LED means there is a serious issue. Effective surge protection Even when equipped with surge protection devices an electrical installation may still be subject to the effects of overvoltage if the earth connection is inadequate or in poor condition. When the TERRA LED is green, it indicates that the ground path is good enough to shunt the energy peaks to ground effectively. Safety information in the event of indirect contact With surge protection devices, the safety of the electrical installation in the event of indirect contact is based on there being an earthing connection. When the TERRA cannot detect any ground connection, it is advisable to check the installation status. Earth connection importance Surge protection devices discharge excess energy to earth, limiting the peak voltage to a value acceptable for the connected electrical equipment. An earth, in proper conditions, is not to be overlooked when it comes to effective surge protection. The TERRA range continuously monitors the state of the earth connection, ensuring the proper operation of surge protection devices. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE MERSEN TERRA RANGE OF SPDS FROM KEMPSTON CONTROLS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR020

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THE SUPPORTING KASP With safe isolation a major part of the electrical professional’s daily work, we find out more about a range of solutions from Kasp that can keep you and your prized assets safe and secure. ith 40 years of security expertise under its belt, Kasp is one of the UK’s leading security padlock, chain, and cable brands. Its concise range has been developed over the course of four decades and is designed and manufactured to the highest standards.

Kasp Lockout Kasp Lockout is a range of essential tools designed to protect maintenance professionals from accidents at work. Every year, thousands of injuries at work occur during the repair or maintenance of machinery, and most are due to a failure to isolate energy sources. Kasp Lockout safeguards against a sudden release of energy, locking off energy sources using padlocks and physical security devices. Options available include: Kasp Easifit MCB Lockout This universal mini circuit breaker isolates single, double, and triple switches. Its simple installation uses no tools, and quickly protects against dangerous energy surges while maintenance and repairs are carried out. Simply place the tool over the switch, tighten the easy-to-use thumb screw, rotate the screw toggle and lockout with a padlock. Made from quality, non-conductive material, the Kasp Easiﬁt MCB Lockout is an

essential part of any maintenance toolbox. Kasp 812 Pin Lockout Ideal for locking out wider miniature circuit breakers, this pin lockout uses a simple push button installation, so no tools are required. Made from high quality, non-conductive material, the pin lockout works with one padlock and fits a maximum shackle diameter of 6mm. Kasp MCB Lockout Kit This unique kit contains all the essential parts to lock off one mini circuit breaker. The kit includes an Easifit MCB Lockout, one 25mm brass padlock, a danger and identity tag, and a carabiner to hold the kit together. Essential Lockout Kit This kit is ideal for a broad range of circuit breakers, including those over 60 A. It’s easy to use and contains both the Easifit MCB Lockout and the Pin Out Wide Lockout. Fitting neatly into a sturdy red pouch with a carabiner for hands-free access, the kit also contains a 40mm red vinyl coloured brass padlock with brass shackle, a 25mm brass padlock, a lock off hasp, a tagout marker pen, and a danger tag. Kasp Nylon Safety Padlocks Constructed from Nylon, the K800 series is a non-conductive, non-sparking padlock designed for electrical lock-off applications. For ease of identification, each lock is

supplied with six diﬀerent coloured ‘Danger’ and ‘Property of’ stickers. Protection for your assets, too According to Met Police data, nearly 35,000 tools were stolen in the capital city alone between January 2021 and October 2022. A third of those tools were stolen from vehicles. Kasp Van Locks provide the ultimate defence for tradespeople seeking to protect their vehicles. Kasp 500 Van Lock and Hasp Designed just for vans, the Kasp 500 Van Lock’s chrome plated hardened steel body gives incredible strength as well as protection from corrosion. A shrouded steel shackle offers the ultimate safeguard against hacksaw and cropping attacks, while its six-pin cylinder defends against lock picking. With a corrosion resistant mechanism to protect against the elements, this is the ultimate van lock. Meanwhile, the hasp is made from zinc plated heavy duty steel, giving excellent security and protection against corrosion. It is supplied with fixing bolts and includes a nifty storage bracket to hold the padlock when the van is open. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT KASP’S RANGE OF SAFE ISOLATION AND SECURITY PRODUCTS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR021

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REVERTING TO TYPE Why it is important to request Type Test certification when sourcing a consumer unit? The experts at Contactum help to shed some light. ithin BS7671 the wiring regulations, Regulation 421.1.201 states that ‘within domestic (household) premises, consumer units and similar switchgear assemblies must comply with BS EN 61439-3…’ In this article we aim to look into some of the compliance requirements of BS EN 61439-3 and the responsibilities manufactures have to fulfil before certification is granted. As such, Contactum is proud to be able to share excerpts taken directly from its Defender 2 test reports. Certification to BS EN 61439-3 requires a variety of tests to be performed, with certification only granted on successful completion of each test. These tests are onerous and designed to prove the unit is able to perform way past its normal expected operational design characteristics.

They are as follows: l

Resistance to corrosion Verification of resistance of insulating materials to abnormal heat and l Fire due to internal electric effects l Verification of protection against mechanical impact (IK code) l Marking l Degree of protection (IP code) l Clearance and creepage distances l Effective earth continuity between the exposed conductive parts of the assembly and the protective circuit l Short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit l Conditional short-circuit test l Incorporation of switching devices and components l Internal electrical circuits and connections l Terminal for external conductors l

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Power frequency withstand voltage test Impulse withstand voltage test l Temperature-rise tests l Short-time withstand current test l Short-circuit withstand strength test. 16 ka test with fuse (Annex ZB) l Dielectric veriﬁcation l Electromagnetic compatibility l Mechanical operation l

Some of the tests are more critical than others, but all are mandatory for the unit to be certiﬁcated. So, let’s now take a look at the report details from some of the more arduous tests carried out on our Defender 2 units: Resistance to corrosion The test was performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.2.2.2., and is carried out on a representative enclosure with a degree of severity ‘A’. The test consists of applying 6 x cycles of 24 hours each to the damp heat cycling test (according to IEC 60068-2-30:2005 (test Db)) at a temperature of 40ºC and relative humidity of 95%. After this, a further 2 x cycles of 24 hours each to salt mist (according to IEC 60068-2-11) at a temperature of 35ºC were applied. After the test, the enclosure is washed in running tap water for ﬁve minutes, in distilled or demineralized water then shaken or subjected to an air blast to remove any water droplets.

Verification of resistance of insulating materials to abnormal heat and fire due to internal electric effects The test, carried out on panel #1, is performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.2.3.2. The test specimen is conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature between 15ºC and 35ºC and a relative humidity between 45% and 75%. Once removed from the conditioning atmosphere, the test specimen is tested within 30 minutes. The wrapping tissue and the wooden board to be placed underneath the test specimen are specified in 5.3 of IEC 60695-2-10. They are conditioned for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature between 15ºC and 35ºC and a relative humidity between 45% and 75%. The test specimen is considered to have withstood this test if there is no ignition, or if all the following situations apply: a) The longest sustained and continuous flames or glowing of the test specimen after removal of the glow wire extinguish within 30 seconds; b) The specimen is not totally consumed; and c) There is no ignition of the wrapping tissue. 6.2. Test parameters The temperatures are as follows: l 960 ± 15ºC for insulating materials supporting live elements (terminal

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Panel 10 l

connectors). 650 ± 10ºC for insulating materials not supporting live elements (cable support and isolating board).

Degree of protection (IP code) This test, carried out on panel #1, is performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.3. The veriﬁcation of the degree of protection of the enclosure is conducted in accordance with the standard IEC 60529:1989+AMD1:1999+AMD2:2013.

connected to the outgoing breakers, as per the table. The temperature is monitored for heat rise. The result: we have the full rating of the board without derating the outgoing circuits. The protection against access to dangerous areas and access of foreign particles, as well as ingress of water, is veriﬁed, and the IP code IP2XC is then assigned. IP4X is also assigned, but only for the top of the unit. Protection against access to dangerous areas IP4X in the top, according to the ﬁrst characteristic 4, the access probe of 1mm diameter and 100mm length applied with a force of 1 N ± 10% shall not give access to dangerous mechanical or live parts.

Temperature-rise tests This test was performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.10.2.3.5. The loads distribution in the diﬀerent tested panels, and the cables cross section can be seen in the table (pictured top right). The temperature of the diﬀerent parts was measured by thermocouples type K. When this test is performed, a load is

Short-time withstand current test This test was performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.11. The full current was applied to the main horizontal busbar. The enclosure is connected to earth by a fuse element (copper wire of 0.8mm diameter and 50mm long) for the detection of fault currents. The supply is a 35mm2 copper cable connected to each side of the main busbar, with a total cable length of 2.35m.

Test parameters – Main circuit Itest (RMS): 10 kA Itest (peak): 17 kA Cos φ: 0.5 Time: 0.1 s Short-circuit withstand strength test. 16 ka test with fuse (Annex ZB) This test was performed according to BS EN 61439-3, Clause 10.11.5. The test object is placed in a support with cotton of about 34 g/m2 placed in all the openings that

might be susceptible of emitting gases. The test sequence is as follows: O-t-CO Where: O: Breaking operation. CO: Making operation followed by a breaking operation. t: Interval between two successive short-circuit operations. After the test the insulating resistance must be measured with the following limits: l

0.1 MΩ between the incoming terminals of the protective device, in open position, and the output terminal. l 0.25 MΩ between the protective device and the earth. The correct working of the residual current device is verified by supplying with a voltage that is 0.85 times the nominal voltage. The test is performed to units of maximum and minimum rating for any different outgoing unit tested. Annex ZB of BS EN 61439-3 is a verification of the consumer unit to withstand a 16kA fault. This is a specific requirement for consumer units used within UK installations. When choosing Defender 2, users are guaranteed a quality, safe and well designed consumer unit which meets the stringent requirements of BS EN 61439-3. BROWSE THE CONTACTUM DEFENDER 2 BROCHURE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR022

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With quality circuit protection solutions in high demand for modern building projects, we find out more about the key factors that led to some of Hager’s leading lights being used on a recent project.

LONG TERM thinking variety of Hager solutions offering functionality and style, including the coveted new AFDD with ProTools, have been specified in the development of a new multi-residential project in the heart of Leicester. Mitchian Group, responsible for the development and electrical installations on the new development, worked alongside Hager to deliver a variety of solutions on the North Gate project, consisting of 69 apartments. In addition to the residential spaces, the development will also house Mitchian Group’s head office, with the ground floor providing general office space.

Easy access and attractive aesthetics Specified as part of the project, Hager supplied 69 x Design 10 consumer units for the apartments, as well as complementary wiring accessories. Offering reliable functionality, the Design 10 consumer units delivered ease of installation for the contractor, while the boards offered the properties’ residents easy access and attractive aesthetics. The project also saw the specification of wiring accessories, with Hager’s Sollysta

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Decorative range specified throughout to furnish each apartment. The polished and brushed steel finishes of the sockets and switches offered the project a high aesthetic standard and matched the interior design perfectly. Also specified for the project were Sollysta Decorative 13A 2 gang double pole switched sockets with twin USB ports, enabling high speed charging of USB devices in each apartment. Paul Bennett, Project Sales Manager for Hager, commented: “With a design ambition that meant all aspects of the development were specified to a high level, Mitchian Group was looking for product solutions that combined style, as well as excellent and proven functionality to help enhance the apartment interiors. The stylish and easy installation benefits afforded by Design 10 consumer units, coupled with the sleek decorative wiring accessories, suited the project aims perfectly.” With ongoing safety a primary concern following the regulation changes outlined in Amendment 2 of the 18th Edition wiring regulations, Arc Fault

Protection was specified to supply the penthouse final circuits. In keeping with the design and functionality aims of the project, a Design 10 consumer unit, complete with Hager’s AFDD with ProTools, was selected. Complying with the latest regulations, the AFDD solution, which has been rigorously tested, offers optimum protection against the harmful effects of dangerous arc faults. High standards The benefit of ProTools, the innovative diagnostic software incorporated within the device, provided Mitchian Group with a solution that offers superior safety protection levels for the residents of the North Gate development. Ensuring any future tripping from the device, whether

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operational or unwanted, is quickly identified, the On-Board diagnostic abilities offered by ProTools reduces the time spent conducting fault finding by an installer. The ability to intelligently modify the device’s algorithm in anticipation of the introduction of new technologies and wave signatures, and the capability to update the software remotely, means the need to replace the device in the future is

eliminated. In specifying Hager’s AFDD with ProTools, Mitchian Group is assured that the highest standards of safety protection are provided for its clients whilst the contractor remains compliant with the latest regulations. Paul continued: “We’re delighted to have been asked to be part of the supply team on this important project. Our new AFDD with ProTools is ideally placed to

oﬀer the ultimate level of safety and protection and has meant we have been able to add real value to this project. “The ability to update the software within the device will really change the game for Mitchian Group and other electrical contractors, providing them with peace of mind and reassurance that future-proof solutions, like our AFDD, are in place long after the development is completed.” Phil Mitchian, Managing Director for Mitchian Group, concluded: “By partnering with Hager we’ve been able to deliver quality-led, high performing electrical solutions, along with the inclusion of important and now mandatory devices such as AFDDs, to support the multi-purpose residential properties and deliver tangible beneﬁts for years to come.” BROWSE HAGER’S FULL PRODUCT RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR023

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TWO FOR ONE Following the launch of its new range of 4 pole, 3 module RCBOs and MCBs, we put the burning questions to the technical team at Proteus Industrial. As it is three modules wide, will it fit the 3 phase Proteus range MCB board busbar? Yes, it will occupy 1 triple pole space within the Proteus MCB board busbar.

Q he introduction of a new portfolio of 4 pole, 3 module RCBOs and MCBs which fit the existing busbar system means that electrical professionals now have access to a unique set of devices that can switch 3 phases and neutral. The 10kA, Type A RCBO will save considerable space, time and money when installing on-site or when designing custom built boards. Gone are the days of having to accommodate additional enclosures fitted with 4 pole RCDs where these had to be cabled from a 3 pole MCB and the neutral bar in the adjacent MCB board. Now you can simply install the Proteus 4 pole RCBO, without having to do all the extra cabling. The RCBO combines overload, short circuit and earth leakage protection all in one compact device. The neutral pole is a switched pole, designed to ‘make first and break last’, ensuring neutral is established before phase poles close. It can be used in any application that a traditional MCB/RCD combination would be used, but without the additional work of installing two separate devices. This is particularly useful in EV installations where a Type A MCB/RCD combination is required. The RCBO is not bi-directional so should not be used in reverse applications where the supply enters through them, i.e. input from solar panels, V to G (vehicle to grid), etc. With installers likely to have some questions about this exciting new range, we’ve compiled a list of the common queries that the team at Proteus Industrial have been facing:

If it is 4 pole but fitted to a triple pole space, how does the neutral connect? The neutral comes with a ‘flying’ lead that terminates to the distribution board neutral block.

Is this available as both RCBO and MCB?

Q Yes.

Where do the load cables connect? All cables connect directly to the RCBO or MCB, including the neutral cable.

Is this a switched neutral? Yes, these devices have a switched neutral, so all 4 poles are switched.

Is this a 30mA RCBO? The RCBO is available with trip values of 30mA, 100mA and 300mA.

What ‘Type’ of RCBO is this? The RCBO is a Type A.

Can it be used on a 3 phase supply without a neutral? Yes it can. Neutral is not required, but you should terminate the blue neutral lead in a terminal block.

What is the MCB characteristic of these devices? Both the RCBO and MCB are C curve, available from 6A to 63A.

Which Proteus MCB boards will it fit? It will fit all Proteus boards that utilise the BX comb busbar, so will be appropriate for the following ranges: BX, XL, ABX MCB boards, OPBX O-PEN boards, CBX and MCX combined frame boards and busbars fitted to custom built boards. Put simply, it will fit most boards built over the last 30 years.

What BS EN standard does this comply with? It complies with BS EN 61009-1 and BS EN 61009-2-2.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THIS NEW RANGE OF CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES FROM PROTEUS INDUSTRIAL BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR024

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One of Germany’s busiest trade fairs has taken steps to reduce its energy consumption and improve guest safety by installing the latest in digital switchgear. We find out more.

THE SHOW WILL GO ON radefair Düsseldorf has upgraded its electricity distribution by installing 30 panels of ABB UniGear ZS1 medium-voltage switchgear and 23 Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch (UFES) arc-fault protectors. The project – which was implemented with ABB’s long-term business partner WISAG Elektrotechnik GmbH – takes safety to the next level and brings improved power and switchgear reliability, while retaining the customer’s existing infrastructure and meeting strict utility requirements around connection to the grid. One of the main priorities for the project was to reduce the potential for dangerous arc faults within the 613,000 sq. m exhibition space. Demand for power in an exhibition is extremely intense and the risk of potentially fatal arc faults is high, with temperatures in the centre of an electric arc reaching as high as 20,000°C.

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The pressure this creates can be lethal to anyone nearby, causing ﬁre as well as serious damage to the switchgear’s metal structures. The high number of UFES systems now installed allows Tradefair Düsseldorf to shut down any internal arc fault in less than four milliseconds after detection, which is 20 times faster than standard equivalent solutions, without disrupting the power supply. Supporting sustainability targets The investment also supports Tradefair Düssledorf’s sustainability targets as the digital switchgear panels consume less energy. For example, over an estimated 30-year period, the 30 UniGear ZS1 panels, also equipped with non-conventional instrument transformers, will save approximately 200 MWh by utilising speciﬁcally current sensors based on the Rogowski coil principle as well as voltage sensors based on the voltage divider principle, which is equivalent to running a TV set for 275 years. A spokesperson for Tradefair Düsseldorf said: “Any downtime during a trade fair would be disastrous for us and our reputation, so we needed a solution that would deliver reliable and resilient power supply. With people now returning to ‘real life’ events and audience numbers continuing to increase, we also want to

make sure that we keep our exhibitors and visitors as safe as possible. These new digital technologies will do just that; avoiding long-lasting disruption in power distribution and reducing the risk of internal arc faults.” Barbara Panella, Technology Manager of ABB's Distribution Solutions Division, added: “Our overriding focus is on working together with our partners and clients to meet their changing needs and challenges via digitalisation initiatives that deliver a smarter, safer and more reliable flow of electricity. This integrated ABB digital solution not only makes sure the show goes on uninterrupted while using less energy, but that exhibitors and visitors are as safe as possible.” Part of the ABB Ability portfolio of connected solutions, UniGear Digital combines protection, control, measurement and digital communication over IEC 61850, for a safe, flexible and smart electrical network that delivers power reliably and efficiently. This readily adaptable and innovative switchgear solution takes full advantage of ABB’s sensor technology to maximise uptime, delivering considerable energy savings. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT ABB’S RANGE OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR SOLUTIONS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR025

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PUT THE POWER IN YOUR HANDS When it comes to power supplies, how many outages can you afford? Wolfgang Christ, an expert at Siemens Smart Infrastructure Electrical Products, offers some important tips for electrical planners and operators. ower cuts paralyze many businesses and can endanger human lives. On average, customers of distribution network operators (DNOs) in the United Kingdom experience power outages totalling about half an hour per year. But did you know that high equipment availability can be planned and financed? It can be, if operators know their needs, plan for them in good time and implement them cleverly. Not every operation needs the highest availability down to the decimal places required by data centres. It’s all about learning how to make an electrical infrastructure resilient and fit for the future with a sense of proportion – and how to prevent human error. No one can completely prevent power outages. But it’s important to know how much availability a business really needs and plan a demand-orientated electrical infrastructure that the operator can afford. Three points are particularly important here: determining the actual demand, adapting the electrical planning accordingly, and implementing it efficiently.

Determine demand To ﬁnd out how readily available equipment needs to be, electrical planners and their customers – the operators – need to work closely together. The electrical engineering, procurement, and construction companies (eEPCs) responsible for the installation should also have a say in this process. For 2021, the online statistics platform Statista indicated an average power interruption duration between 29 and 51 minutes per customer in Great Britain, including planned and unplanned power cuts. Customer minutes lost were lowest for the Western Power Distribution network, while Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks had the highest number of minutes lost, at 51.4. The data was provided by the DNOs. The German Federal Network Agency reported an average power cut duration of about 12 minutes per end user in Germany. Forty percent of these are unplanned and therefore avoidable power outages. Local outages are added to that. An operator must therefore be quite clear on one point: how many power outages (and the downtime that comes with them) can you aﬀord?

Know the risks: power outages are the most common cause Answers to this question vary. Data centres, for example, require a very high 99.999 percent system availability. After all, an outage here can cost £500,000 or more – per hour! Particularly interesting here is that problems with the power supply were the most frequent cause of failures in data centres last year, accounting for 44 percent of the total – and the trend is upward. This was documented in the Global Data Centre Survey 2022 conducted by the New York-based Uptime Institute even though data centres invest in particularly extensive protective measures compared to other industries. At the same time, costs per failure are rising due to the growing global dependence on data. Imagine you’re in a shopping centre when suddenly all the lights go out. The cash registers don’t work. Panic can break out. Visitors who experience such an event might well avoid that shopping centre in the future. In addition to the high downtime costs, an outage like this can cause enormous damage to the image of the shopping centre operator – damage

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high-quality and proven withdrawable and plug-in technology for quick repairs or conversions. Time is money and every lost minute can cost a fortune. If damage is unavoidable, it’s a matter of repairing it quickly and easily to safeguard operations. That’s where it can be very helpful if an auxiliary staﬀ can also carry out repairs and the operator doesn’t have to wait for a specialist.

that can’t be measured in monetary terms. In critical infrastructures such as hospitals, human lives depend on the reliability of the power supply. Not least because of this fact, and in view of the current energy situation, the British government established a new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero Energy in February of this year. It focuses on long-term energy security and compliance with the UK’s carbon budgets and net-zero commitments.

is expensive, since it entails more complex planning, additional operating resources, and increased space and maintenance requirements. Added to this are costs due to the shortage of skilled workers and supply bottlenecks when failures occur. Assessing a fault, repairing it, and putting the system back into operation usually requires specialist know-how. The critical question is: are specialists and required spare parts available at short notice?

Plan a reliable and available system These examples show that we must do something to increase availability, especially in low-voltage power distribution systems. The good news is that something can be done, by planning equipment availability. But how do you actually achieve this? If the scope of required plant availability is determined early in the planning phase, a holistic electrical design must be based on this factor. What you miss initially in electrical planning, you can’t make up later. I like to put it this way: if the ﬁrst button doesn’t ﬁt, the whole shirt is crooked. It’s therefore important to minimise the risk of man-made mistakes.

Implement digital solutions Various digital solutions can complement this proven approach. Cybersecurity and communication capability are fundamental requirements here. Self-monitoring intelligent components, for example, detect impending malfunctions before failures occur. In addition to facilitating preventive maintenance, this enables operators to employ systematic ‘condition monitoring’. In addition, planners can use intelligent end-to-end software including automatic and standardised interfaces for planning and execution processes that simplify the exchange of data between different programs.

Use proven methods For electrical designers, this means continuing to rely on proven methods. These include redundancies, selectivity, evaluation, and measures against external influences in combination with preventive maintenance. With these methods, you can achieve a high degree of availability in an electrical power distribution network. However, such work

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Rely on high-quality technology I like to emphasise two cost levers that are well-known yet have somewhat lost their prominence over time. The ﬁrst lever is high-quality, robust products. Cheap but often inferior goods increase the risk of failures and higher operational costs. If you buy cheap, you generally buy twice – and you run the risk of bearing high damage costs. Secondly, experts also rely on

Promote know-how transfers In addition, buildings these days are increasingly intelligent and will make high demands on electrical planning. No one can handle this planning alone, and there’s a growing risk that humans will make mistakes in the process. That’s why I think it’s extremely important to share our knowledge – and share it across company boundaries. The Uptime Institute also cites “improving planning and training” as one of the “most effective and cost-efficient ways to reduce downtimes” in data centres. In fact, this applies to all industries. Putting effort into this area is particularly worthwhile, especially when you consider the high risks of power supply outages and their rising costs. Free webinar Siemens is taking a lead on this by providing free webinars. Our latest offering – Equipment availability can be planned: Tips for electrical planners and operators – provides practical information for electrical planners so they can reduce downtimes by ensuring optimised, needs-based electrical planning everywhere, especially in critical infrastructures, while at the same time limiting investment costs for their customers. Taking place on May 8th, myself and my colleagues Natalia Marques and Thomas Grupa will be available to answer questions from all interested parties during the free live webinar. GET MORE DETAILS AND REGISTER FOR THE WEBINAR BY SCANNING THE QR CODE OR VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR026

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WASTE NOT, WANT NOT Simon Greenwood, Sales Director, Trade and Specification at Signify UK&I, looks at why the latest RoHS directive will ensure a bright future for LED lighting. he ban of halogen lamps, first implemented by the European Commission in 2007, along with the recent announcement of RoHS2 (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) by the European Union and UK government, has helped bring LED lighting to the forefront as the best alternative to incandescent lighting, thanks to their sustainable and energy-efficient qualities. The directive sets the guidance for future use of lighting products and offers huge opportunities for the growth of LED. So, how does the RoHS directive work and what does it mean for the lighting sector?

What is RoHS2? The rise in the production and use of electrical and electronic products, such as mobile phones, computers, and kitchen appliances, has resulted in an increasing volume of electrical and electronic waste. During the use, collection, treatment and disposal of such waste, products may release harmful (hazardous) substances such as lead, mercury and cadmium, which can cause major environmental and health problems.

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Now, RoHS is a set of restrictions imposed to preserve the environment, improve recycling possibilities and minimise the risk of substance exposure. The Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations aﬀect businesses that are involved with electrical and electronic equipment. This includes manufacturers, importers, exporters, businesses that re-brand goods, and distributors. The regulations limit the use of hazardous substances such as mercury, lead and cadmium in the manufacture of new electrical and electronic equipment placed on the market in the UK. In Great Britain and in Northern Ireland, many types of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) are regulated to control the levels of certain hazardous substances and chemicals they contain, with the aim of protecting human and animal health. This extends to speciﬁc steps that must be taken where a product is known or suspected to be non-compliant. All products in scope must: l

have supporting technical documentation (often referred to as a technical ﬁle) to demonstrate

l l l

compliance, have a Declaration of Conformity, be labelled with the required information, display the appropriate conformity marking for the GB and/or NI markets as appropriate.

What does RoHS mean for the lighting industry? Released in February 2022, the RoHS directive restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. For the lighting sector in particular, the legislation regulates the use of mercury in lighting products, impacting what products are permitted on the market for installation. For general lighting purposes, a ban on Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLni lamps) and on T5 and T8 ﬂuorescent tubes comes into play from February 2024. One of the most important changes introduced by RoHS2 is that it has become a CE Marking Directive, enforced under the EU’s New Legislative Framework (NLF)/the UKCA mark in the UK. This means that in order to aﬃx the CE Marking on the EEE, the manufacturer must meet the requirements of the RoHS Directive in addition to the requirements

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of other applicable CE Marking Directives (e.g. EMC or the Low Voltage Directive). The relation between RoHS, EcoDesign & Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) The Ecodesign directive replaced the Energy Using Products Directive in 2009. This includes products that do not use energy but impact on energy consumption, such as insulation materials and water-using devices, as well as energy using products. It aims to reduce the environmental impact caused during the manufacture, use and disposal of a very wide range of products. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is related to the design, use and recycling of electrical and electronics equipment or components. WEEE is a directive explaining how to use, operate and recycle electrical and electronic equipment or components. RoHS on the other hand, is related to limited use of hazardous products in electrical and electronics equipment or components. RoHS compliance should also follow WEEE compliance. RoHS compliance dovetails into WEEE by reducing the amount of hazardous chemicals used in electronics manufacture. Put another way, RoHS regulates the hazardous substances used in the manufacture of electrical and electronic

equipment (EEE), while WEEE regulates the disposal of this same equipment. With the lighting industry in general, both these regulations are aimed at making the sector more environmentally sustainable. An opportunity for the lighting sector As a major environmental regulation of electronics, RoHS is a step in the right direction to ensure lighting products like fluorescent lamps that are hazardous to humankind and our environment are banned. The question on the sales of fluorescent lighting was never previously under the spotlight due to the lack of the right replacement or alternative. However, over the years, LED lighting has emerged, with replacements that are a cost-effective, mercury-free, sustainable alternative to fluorescents. While the EcoDesign regulation will have removed many conventional lighting products based on their poor energy performance, such as the ban of fluorescent T8s in August 2024, RoHS is poised to address the products left behind on the basis of their toxicity. At Signify, eliminating and minimising the use of hazardous substances in our products has been a top priority since the start of our environmental activities more than three decades ago. It’s an important part of our EcoDesign process. It’s vital to our sustainability program that we know – and control – the

substances used in our products. Therefore, we maintain a Regulated Substance List (RSL) including substances that are banned or legally required to be monitored (e.g. RoHS, REACH etc.) or that we monitor from a precautionary point of view. The RSL is included in our Terms of Reference for suppliers and part of our robust substance compliance program. All suppliers are required to comply with the RSL and with all local and global regulations. With all these regulations now in place and the sector beginning to comply to these seriously, a sustainable and environmentally friendly future is here to stay. It would also be equally true to say that the lighting sector is poised to play a significant role in the green recovery of the UK and ensuring we lead by example. Signify offers a wide range of future-oriented solutions across lamps and luminaires. Our extensive portfolio includes systems for human-centric lighting and lighting management that are fit for use in a variety of environments – from car parks to warehouses to landmarks and architecture. GET MORE DETAILS ON THE NEW DIRECTIVE AND SIGNIFY’S FULL RANGE OF PRODUCTS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR027

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“IT’S REVOLUTIONISED OUR OFFICE PROCESS” We discover more about why utilising Fergus job management software has helped one prominent electrical business to save both time and money. ounded in 1979 by Edward Nicholson, E & P Electrics (Bedale) has grown to become one of the main electrical contractors in North Yorkshire with a reputation for quality workmanship, reliability, and exceptional customer service. Its team of highly trained and experienced electricians is committed to providing the best possible service to its clients and specialises in a wide range of electrical services, including installation, maintenance, and repair of electrical systems, lighting and power solutions for commercial, industrial and domestic properties. The team also oﬀers a range of renewable energy solutions, including solar PV installations,

battery storage solutions and electric vehicle charging points. Committed to maintaining the highest standards of safety, quality, and professionalism, the work is carried out in accordance with all relevant regulations and industry standards. Behind the scenes support To help with running the business more efficiently behind the scenes, E&P Electrics (Bedale) is now using Fergus job management software, with the team seeing many benefits. Employee, Lindsay Peacock, says: “Before we started using Fergus in the office, we were very paper-based, with things like time sheets and purchase ledgers all on paper.

“Since we moved to Fergus, the office has revolutionised. We no longer have to wait a week for time sheets to come in – we're virtually paper-free now. The data entry across the whole of the office has been significantly reduced which is saving us so much time and money.” Lindsay continues: “It is a real benefit to be able to track things in real time. We're getting live data back from all of our electricians, which means we're not having to wait a week to see the status of a job. Nowadays, we’re probably no more than 24 hours behind knowing what's going on with any one job at any time. Not having to wait for the data means we can keep an eye on the profitability of every job to the day. “We're also seeing a lot more accurate data coming through because the manual input side of things has been significantly reduced. It's made our day-to-day office work much smoother and more profitable because of the amount of data we can see at the click of a button. Take the status bars on the home screen on Fergus, for instance – there's so much information available with one click.” James Chillman, UK Country Manager for Fergus, adds: “As a business owner, it doesn’t make sense to keep wasteful and time-sapping habits in place when the answer is just a few mouse clicks or finger swipes away!” FOR MORE INFORMATION ON FERGUS AND TO ACCESS A FREE TRIAL, VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR028

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KEEP IT IN THE FAMILY In this article, we explore some of the benefits that solar professionals and businesses can gain by joining V-TAC’s Preferred Installer Program. ollowing the recent launch of its new range of renewables products – a comprehensive line of top-of-the-range equipment for solar power installations – V-TAC is encouraging professionals to take things a step further by joining the overall V-TAC family as a ‘Preferred Installer’. By doing so, members will gain access to a wide range of products, technical support, and other exclusive beneﬁts. Let’s take a closer look at a few of the reasons why becoming a Preferred Installer can help your business further:

3. Free training and demos V-TAC understands that increased knowledge for installers will help improve the landscape for all, so Preferred Installers are given the opportunity to attend free training and demo installations at the company’s Slough centre, including access to the demo site where V-TAC’s monitoring App can be showcased. This gives you and your customers the ability to view the solar system live in action before choosing the products you require. You can also receive training on new products and sneak previews of the latest cutting-edge innovations.

1. Leads and enquiries To help you to secure more business, V-TAC will send you leads and enquiries from customers that it receives on a daily basis, based on your geographical location. As a Preferred Installer, you’ll have priority in receiving these leads over other installers.

4. Technical and commissioning support Preferred Installers will receive accessible technical support and commissioning support to ensure that solar products are installed and functioning correctly, leading to increased eﬃciency and customer satisfaction.

2. Website listing Preferred Installers will receive an automatic listing on V-TAC’s website, which can be seen by hundreds of end-users who visit the site. You’ll also beneﬁt from joint marketing support and branding on social media and through leading renewables publications.

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5. Design support Because V-TAC’s products are listed in leading solar design software packages, you can further benefit from the design support on offer. This can ensure that the system is designed correctly and can operate efficiently and as planned. If you don't have access to these software tools, V-TAC's in-house design

team can instead support you with designs for free. To ensure that the team is able to design the most efficient design for your site, they’ll require the site address, type of roof, and battery storage requirements. Using Google Earth, V-TAC can then recommend the most efficient design, including the orientation of panels, siting of inverter/battery, and future-proofing of the solar installation. V-TAC aims to turn the design around in 24 to 48 hours with a detailed report and a list of part numbers and quantities required. By learning how to install solar products, you can better help promote sustainability and environmental conservation. 6. Special offers Lastly, Preferred Installers can directly benefit from special offers on bulk and container enquiries. LEARN MORE ABOUT THE INITIATIVE AND REGISTER YOUR INTEREST IN BECOMING A V-TAC PREFERRED INSTALLER BY SCANNING THE QR CODE OR VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR029

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THAT’LL BE THE DATA What does the smart building boom mean for data terminations? Brett Smyth, General Manager of Ideal Industries EMEA, discusses the need for consistent and compliant data network terminations in smart buildings to keep pace with demand. t is impossible to deny the boom of all things ‘smart’ in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. According to recent research, the global smart building market is expected to hit $570.02 billion by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 25.3% from 2022 to 2030. Another study suggests the number of buildings globally deploying smart technologies will reach 115 million in 2026, up from 45 million in 2022. As well as obvious demand for energy eﬃcient homes and buildings, this growth reﬂects the increased use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, awareness of safety and security measures, rising living and working standards and consumer demand for personalised experiences. As the smart building market boom shows no signs of slowing there is ample opportunity to embrace such technologies, delivering buildings that are

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more efficient and responsive and that enhance the user experience. With sophisticated buildings come sophisticated data networks The construction industry in the Middle East is no stranger to smart buildings. The major cities in the region are recognised around the world for delivering benchmark-setting smart buildings through innovation, ambition and contemporary design. The scale and creativity of architecture here is not in doubt, but how can we ensure we keep pace with the staggering growth expected in the market? As more buildings are developed and retrofitted to deliver all things smart, the construction sector must rise to the challenge of installing increasingly sophisticated data networks, and the importance of delivering these upgrades quickly, effectively and without error must not be overlooked.

Key to addressing these challenges is ensuring that the multitude of terminations required provide a robust and compliant connection, with consistent installation regardless of the number of installers working on the project, time pressures or the skill level of labour on-site. When consistency is compromised, identifying faulty terminations on the system can be an onerous and time-consuming task, so terminations must be carried out in a way that guarantees best practice and consistency every time. Data networks require ﬁeld-termination of CAT5e, CAT6 and CAT6A cables using RJ45 modular plugs, and the more complex the network, the greater the number of RJ45 assemblies and terminations required. Conventional installation methods require conductors to be trimmed to an exact length before the plug is placed onto the cable. If the conductors are too short, circuits will remain open; if they’re

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too long, there’s a risk that pairs are left exposed outside of the plug body or cable jacket, hindering overall performance on the network. Faster, simpler, consistent terminations Used on data installations around the world, IDEAL Industries’ FT-45 Feed-Thru Modular Plugs and Crimp Tool were developed to overcome these network termination issues, allowing installers of smart networks to speed up and simplify the termination of RJ45 plugs by eliminating the need to trim conductors to a precise length before inserting the cable into the plug. The Feed-Thru Modular Plugs are single-piece connectors, so there’s no need for installers to assemble a three-piece connector, even when working with CAT6 cable. Conductor wires don’t need to be accurately trimmed to a specific length; instead, installers simply need to remove an appropriate section of jacket, remove the centre spline (if present), untwist the pairs into the correct order, and trim the ends flat. The cable can then be slid into the connector until seated. The unit features open ends that allow conductors to be completely fed through the connector before crimping. The cable can be pushed into the connector to ensure the twisted pairs are as close to the pin contacts as possible, and that the jacket is seated beyond the primary strain relief for a secure connection. Developed with a clear connector design, the installer can visually inspect and verify the correct wiring order with ease. Designed to be used with the FT-45 Modular Plugs, IDEAL Industries’ versatile FT-45 Crimp Tool further enhances this error-free approach. With a single crimp cavity for RJ45/8-position connectors, the tool is capable of crimping IDEAL’s Feed-Thru standard, shielded and unshielded connectors for CAT5e, CAT6 and CAT6A cables. The installer simply squeezes the handle to the closed position to cleanly shear the excess conductor wires and leave a smooth, flat finish – crimping and cutting the cable in a single action. WATCH A VIDEO DEMONSTRATION OF IDEAL’S FT-45 FEED-THRU MODULAR PLUGS AND CRIMP TOOL AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR030

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MAKING LIGHT WORK OF IT The team at NVC recount two recent projects that have seen a number of the brand’s lighting solutions put to good use.

TYNE TUNNEL TRADING EST Having previously been commissioned by UK Land Estates to construct an industrial unit on the Tyne Tunnel Trading Estate that resulted in an award winning building, Tri Construction was the obvious choice when a further unit needed to be developed. The 48,000 sq ft office, warehouse and storage facility required significant M&E services that were provided by Opus Building Services. This included the provision of internal, external and emergency lighting. More than 100 NVC fittings were installed throughout the building including OREGON IKO9, IP20 rated industrial luminaires and Fulton FULTON IP40, edge lit, LED recessed panels in both standard and emergency versions. Opus also chose

PRESTON robust IK10, IP54 rated LED halo eﬀect circular bulkheads, WESTPORT IP44 rated low glare downlights and LEXINGTON Pro IP20 rated LED emergency wall-mounted exit boxes. Opus selected NVC for a variety of reasons, including its seven-year unlimited hours warranty and the lithium-ion emergency batteries in its emergency lighting which makes it more eﬃcient and environmentally friendly.

Also, because of their high performance, fewer ﬁttings could be used in the warehouse space with high output Oregon luminaires delivering the light levels required. And with the addition of PIR occupancy sensors, these ﬁttings automatically adjust light output to suit the outside conditions and usage of the space, which results in a better working environment and reduced energy consumption.

ASHINGTON ACADEMY When it was recently decided to upgrade the canteen, kitchen and pantry areas at Ashington Academy, modern looking, energy efficient, high performance lighting was an important consideration. NELT’s Mechanical & Electrical Engineer, Adam King, specified NVC’s products, stating: “I’ve had NVC products installed on many previous projects. They’re good value in terms of their quality and price and the extensive warranty is an extra reason to specify them for the peace of mind that brings.” NVC lighting products installed by local contractor Gemini Electrical Services include: GREENLAND IK 10, IP66-rated non-corrosive, impact and chemical resistant, industrial LED luminaires, which provide the dust and

water tightness required in the school’s kitchen; DALLAS stylish and robust IK06 surface and suspended LED luminaires offering a very contemporary look needed for the canteen; TEXAS economical batten IP20 rated luminaires that have surface mounted LEDs on a metal-core PCB, steel body construction and opal polycarbonate diffusers; and DENALI robust IK10, IP65 LED circular bulkheads, ideal for wall or surface mounting, which have been

installed outside the school because they’re both anti-tamper and vandal resistant. BROWSE NVC’S 2022/23 LIGHTING PRODUCT CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR031

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Katie Plumstead, Group Marketing Manager for the Scolmore Group of companies, which includes security specialist ESP, looks at the market for outdoor lighting and in particular those products which oﬀer a security element.

LIGHT UP YOUR SECURITY ccording to a report from global market research company Market Research Future (MRFR) the global Outdoor Lighting Market size is set to grow at a CAGR of 8.20% from a value of USD 9.4 Billion in 2020 to reach USD 48.2 Billion by 2030, driven by the growing adoption of energy-eﬃcient and aﬀordable products and increasing government

focus on energy conservation. Currently, outdoor lighting is used to add aesthetic appeal and increase safety and security. Global industry players are expanding their market reach through the development of innovative solutions in the outdoor lighting portfolio. Manufacturers of outdoor lighting systems provide various advanced solutions to the users with easy and smart control operation, better energy efficiency, and superior illumination with low power consumption. Simple and affordable home/business security Security is a key issue when it comes to exterior lighting. One of the most effective ways of protecting a property is with the installation of outdoor security lighting. Widely used as a means of protecting commercial premises, many householders now realise the benefits that security lighting can bring in their efforts to keep their homes secure. Whilst advisable to

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have another method of security in place, such as an alarm system, the presence of lighting is enough to put off many would-be intruders. Exterior security lighting can, therefore, provide a simple to install and affordable way of enhancing home and business security. For some home and business owners, it may be a case of starting from scratch with the provision of security, for others simply a case of replacing old and corroded equipment or upgrading to a more sophisticated and reliable system. The installer working on the project can do an assessment of the requirements and advise on the best solution to meet the specific needs.

CASE IN POINT: LIghTINg SECuRITy FOR A REmOTE wOOdLANd dwELLINg In a remote location, sitting on a hillside above a creek feeding the river Dart and surrounded by dense woodland, is a stunning rural property in Dartmouth that provides the ultimate tranquil retreat. The downside of its secluded setting, however, is the difficulty acquiring signals for TV, satellite and internet connections. This means that any systems requiring internet are working over site-wide

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Wi-Fi/Mesh networks with multiple Wi-Fi access points operating on 3 or 4G, and there is no hard-wired data connection to any of the devices. These were the challenges facing the electrical contractor when the property owners decided to update the security for the extensive premises. Martyn Walley, Managing Director of Hide, the electrical contracting ﬁrm hired to undertake the security installation, looked to his experience working with ESP security products to provide the solutions that would overcome the client’s issues. ESP’s GuardCam Deco was recommended by Martyn to provide the general security provision covering the various areas of the property. Four of the systems have been installed to cover the garage, patio/decking area, driveway entrance and the entrance to the boat workshop.

GuardCam Deco is a combined Wi-Fi security camera and LED floodlight system, which has been designed with ease of set-up as a key feature, including the option for remote monitoring via smartphone or tablet, using the specially developed ESP Smart App. GuardCam Deco has the option to deliver motion activation notifications via the App whilst recording the activation. The user-friendly App also allows recordings to be accessed. Proven PIR technology With a built-in camera that offers full 1080p HD live viewing and recording, the GuardCam Deco was the perfect all-in-one solution for these premises. On approaching the unit, GuardCam Deco detects an intruder with proven PIR technology at a distance of up to 10 metres from the unit. It floodlights the area, initiates a video recording and provides the user with an option to deliver a two-way audio message or activate the inbuilt alarm warning. It features an adjustable 16W high-intensity LED security lamp (3000k colour light and 800 lumen) and you can remotely dim or turn on/off the LED lamp via the App. It will record up to 200, twenty-second video sessions onto the supplied 8GB storage, and this is expandable up to 64GB. The integral high-resolution digital camera offers wide angle camera view and clear image recording in video format. Night images retain colour and clarity due to the automatic LED light illumination. BROWSE THE ESP GUARDCAM DECO ONLINE CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAR032

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