Professional Electrician & Installer February 2024 by Hamerville Media Group

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TO EE FR DE RA ET TH

PROFESSIONAL

ELECTRICIAN THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR THE ELECTRICAL TRADE

TEST & MEASUREMENT

& INSTALLER FEBRUARY 2024

A LOOK AT THE LATEST EQUIPMENT AND APPLICATION EXAMPLES

HAMILTON’S DIMMERS JUST GOT SMARTER! DISCOVER MORE INSIDE AND AT ELEX ALEXANDRA PALACE, STAND E240

ENTER THE CPD ZONE! YOU COULD EARN 1X CPD CREDIT THIS MONTH

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: INDUSTRY NEWS l NEW PRODUCTS l TOOL REVIEWS l PRIZE DRAWS l AND MORE

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Total Average Net Distribution: 81,413 Certification period: 1 January 2022 - 31 December 2022

February 2024 Volume 40 No.2

Regulars

7 VIEWPOINT 9 NEWS 24 ELEX ALLY PALLY PREVIEW 33 THE TRAINING GROUND 53 MADE 2 MEASURE

Demystifying those dimming myths

59 ASK OVIA

Products & Business Solutions

81 CAUGHT ON CAMERA

57 After waiting 20 years for a cable clip that can be fired from a gun, we discover how one trade professional decided to create his own solution

COVER STORY

18 We discover how LED dimmers just got smarter, thanks to a new launch from Hamilton

Resolving issues with EV and PV systems

20 ECA’s Apprentice of the Year winner shares his advice for new industry starters

42 Guidance on the use of the metallic armouring of a cable as a circuit protective conductor (cpc), main protective bonding conductor or an earthing conductor

The CPD Zone

Test & Measurement

28 The team at NAPIT ‘codebreak’ more of the latest reader submissions

45 Is it time to consign listening and bubble watching to the history books when it comes to detecting air leaks in a busy factory?

Special Report

31 What are the operating characteristics of a protective multiple earthing (PME) facility? 34 The importance of safe isolation and why using the right equipment is an absolute must 36 A look at some of the essentials involved with client handover documentation 38 ‘Dr Zzeus’ Tom Brookes answers more of your fire-related questions 40 How to deal with problems with USB socket-outlets that have been faulty following insulation resistance testing

46 Identifying modern-day issues with EV and PV systems and the revenue opportunities they can provide for the switched-on sparky 48 George Robertson gets his hands on the B11 handheld thermography camera from HIKMICRO

58 Five ways that job management software can transform everyday tasks and reduce stress 60 What’s behind the growing call for three-phase supply in the UK? 63 Exploring some of the most frequently asked questions around dimmers and dimming technology 64 Are you set up to take advantage of the EV opportunity in 2024? 66 With grants and incentives up for grabs, why now is the time for landlords to invest in smart EV chargers 68 Which products have been specified, and where? 72 Rounding-up the newest products, tools and equipment to help you in your work

Prize Draws 50 A full and comprehensive guide to EV charge point maintenance and installation utilising test and measurement equipment 55 What type of equipment do you need to measure solar PV equipment and which solutions are best for particular requirements?

14 WIN! Get into gear and win a £500 Snickers Workwear bundle 23 WIN! Four C.K Tools ArmourSlice EVO Cable Strippers to be bagged 59 WIN! A fantastic Morse hole saw bundle is up for grabs

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN February 2024 3

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@proelectrician

professionalelectrician

Meet the team Editor RICHARD BOWLER email: pe@hamerville.co.uk Digital Manager REBECCA MCGEOCH email: rmcgeoch@hamerville.co.uk Digital Assistant ADAM ROBERTS email: aroberts@hamerville.co.uk Advertisement Manager ANTHONY SCOTT email: ascott@hamerville.co.uk Assistant Advertisement Manager IAN TURNER email: ianturner@hamerville.co.uk Design ADEEL QADRI Production Assistant KERRI SMITH Group Production Manager CAROL PADGETT Distribution Manager KARL CLARK Printed by: PCP TELFORD Published by: HAMERVILLE MEDIA GROUP Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF Tel: 01923 237799 Fax: 01923 246901 Email: pe@hamerville.co.uk PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN is the business journal for the electrical contracting industry. It is available to the trade at leading electrical wholesalers throughout the UK. © 2024 Subscriptions to PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN are available. Please contact us for rates.

Image References (Adobe Stock): Pg 13 Takeover © Pichetw Pg 27 CPD sign © BeenaTreena Pg 55 Solar install © Vefimov

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Editor’s Viewpoint

Addressing the issues will help, for starters There’s nothing quite like the satisfaction of a job well done, with electrical industry professionals in a rare position that the majority of the installation work they undertake often on show and visible to the naked eye, leaving them to admire their handywork whenever they drive down a customer’s street or pass a commercial building they were employed to upgrade. Obviously this is just one reason why the construction industry should be an attractive career destination for the brightest and best of our younger generation – and there are many more besides. The average income in the majority of construction trades is well above the national average, with the potential to earn considerably more when self-employed or running your own business. Hard work and frequently physically demanding it may be, but life on-site can equally be a rewarding, creative and highly sociable experience. Not only that, in retrofitting our existing housing stock to improve its energy efficiency, the trade skills that contractors can command will be at the forefront of the vital battle for net zero for many years to come. Indeed, the demands of more sustainable living are precipitating the introduction of new ways of working, materials and techniques at an unprecedented rate, making construction one of our economy’s most exciting sectors. Add that to that the huge level of diversity in an industry that employs a massive numbers of individuals, where multiple paths are available regardless of the starting point, and the case starts to look compelling. Why is it then, that we are still singularly failing to attract anywhere near the new entrants that are required? It is certainly true that there is still an ingrained bias in favour of academic learning, not just amongst our educators, but in the home, where parents who have themselves been schooled in the primacy of a university education will

advocate that path. It is hoped that initiatives like T Levels can help blur the boundaries between the two – and their efficacy remains to be seen – but there is also more at work here than mere image. Around the country the links between the FE colleges, where new learners are taking their first tentative steps into the industry, and employers are inconsistent to say the least. Some further education establishments are very good at supporting local businesses in taking on apprentices, whilst others are less so. Tradespeople need all the help they can get to access whatever grants are available, and fewer points of contact would go some way to unravelling the complexity. It’s not just about new entrants, either, because that spirit of collaboration should extend to upskilling the existing workforce, whilst levels of funding across the board should reflect the urgency of the current skills crisis. Educators and employers can also do more to widen the scope of what is taught, both in the college workshop and on-site. Notions of a specialism in a particular skill are being eroded by the need for a knowledge of a wider range of competencies and both the industry and individuals would benefit from that being reflected in apprenticeships. The pandemic and post-covid era has seen unprecedented levels of materials price volatility. Whilst much of that has eased, labour shortages are still an everyday reality. The structural problem that is their essential cause is the perfect storm of too few new starters and an ageing workforce. If that is not addressed, it is set to be with us for much longer than the increased cost of cable. Have a good month and enjoy the issue,

Richard B owler PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN February 2024 7

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Devine inspiration as Ruth lands MBE ECA Vice President and Managing Director of Milton Keynes-based SJD Associates, Ruth Devine, has been awarded an MBE for her work supporting apprenticeships and technical education. Ruth (pictured, left) helped develop the first of a new wave of employer-designed government apprenticeships a decade ago for the electrotechnical sector, the Installation and Maintenance Electrician apprenticeship, launched in 2015. She has since contributed to the rollout of, and regular updates to, more than 90 other apprenticeships, three T Levels and 20 Higher Technical Qualifications. Ruth has also helped to reform apprenticeships, overseen by IfATE, with backing from thousands of employers across England. Large and small businesses, like Ruth’s, now provide the insights and guidance that set the standards for all government apprenticeships and most technical qualifications. This employer-led approach has pushed up standards and made sure programmes match up to businesses’ true skills needs. It also gives learners confidence that they’re being taught skills which will set them up for successful careers. After learning she had been awarded an MBE for services to further education and apprenticeships, Ruth said: “It’s an

incredible privilege to have been awarded an MBE and I am so pleased to have been able to support the reform and improvement of apprenticeships, T Levels and Higher Technical Qualiﬁcations. “It’s thanks to thousands of large and small businesses, like SJD, that standards have risen and skills training now better matches employers’ needs. I will continue to work with IfATE and would encourage many other businesses to do the same for the good of ﬁlling skills gaps in their sectors and encouraging future generations of trainees.” Jennifer Coupland, IfATE Chief Executive, said: “I would like to say a huge congratulations to Ruth for being made an MBE. Her contribution towards apprenticeships and technical education has been immense and she is an inspiration to employers across the country interested in making sure they really work for businesses and learners.”

Airflow introduces rewards programme

Aico’s Great Escape Aico has announced the launch of an exciting new promotion which will oﬀer the supply chain the chance to win dozens of prizes throughout February. The Great Escape – Shop Aico to Go! promotion oﬀers an incredible opportunity to win a series of thrilling getaways and exciting days out, including trips to Las Vegas, Dubai, and across Europe. Plus, there are vouchers for days out throughout the UK to be won. Alex Garmston, Marketing Manager at Aico, commented: "This promotion is our way of showing appreciation to our valued supply chain partners for their unwavering support throughout last year. We are excited to see the grand prizes being won, and we look forward to continuing our strong partnership with our supply chain in 2024." To be a part of this grand adventure, simply purchase Aico products between now and February 29th. Distributors can scan their invoices to accumulate entries, while installers can input codes found on selected products. The more Aico products you purchase, the higher your chances of winning!

Airflow Developments has introduced Airflow Rewards, allowing contractors and installers to collect points and use them to redeem a range of rewards and e-vouchers. The process is simple: 1. Download the Airflow App and register to kick start your journey, 2. Simply purchase any qualifying Airflow products from an Airflow reseller, 3. Upload your receipts via the Airflow Rewards App, 4. Points are turned into incredible rewards to redeem.

FIND OUT MORE AND REGISTER NOW AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ001

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Qualifications mapping service for overseas sparks Electricians with qualifications from overseas who wish to complete the Domestic Electrician Experienced Worker Assessment can soon get their skills and knowledge mapped against UK standards, thanks to work between TESP and international qualifications recognition body, Ecctis. The mapping process reviews an applicant’s electrical qualifications from outside of the UK to verify which technical knowledge from their home country is transferrable and aligned to the knowledge units of the Domestic Electrician apprenticeship standard. It provides the applicant with an official ‘Industry Skills Statement’ which can then be used to embark on the Experienced Worker Assessment, filling in any knowledge or training gaps before having their practical competence assessed on UK-based projects.

The electrotechnical industry already has a long-standing relationship with Ecctis for mapping of overseas electricians against the Installation & Maintenance Electrician apprenticeship standard. Now, after recent development work by TESP and Ecctis, those with purely domestic experience can now get their qualifications mapped in preparation for the Domestic Electrician EWA. “The partnership with Ecctis provides a fully robust way to help electricians with non-UK qualifications prove the technical knowledge they have that is recognised by our standards. Armed with this information they can concentrate on taking the top-up training needed in order to fill the gaps,” said Ruth Devine, Chair of

TESP. “Once completed, they can progress through the Experienced Worker Assessment to ultimately gain an ECS card to verify their competence.” LEARN MORE ABOUT THE EXPERIENCED WORKER ASSESSMENT AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ002

Integral LED celebrates 10th anniversary After reaching its milestone 10th anniversary at the end of last year, Integral LED is taking the opportunity to thank its staﬀ, customers, and partners for being part of the company’s journey. Sunil Kotecha, Managing Director, said: “We’re grateful to everyone who has trusted in Integral LED and our products. Our success story would be incomplete without our clients and consumers, whose requests, challenges, and feedback have helped propel us forward, improving both our products and our range.

“Looking to the future and the next 10 years, we believe there are exciting times ahead both for Integral LED and for the lighting industry as a whole. We will continue to grow our product offering, expanding our Maximum Efficiency and Evofire ranges and further developing our strip lighting with the launch of the new High Uniformity range. We will also be introducing Casambi Bluetooth mesh enabled drivers and controllers and placing further emphasis on smart lighting control systems.”

He concludes: “We remain committed to providing our customers with the innovative, dependable products and expert advice they have come to expect from Integral LED.”

ARMD builds Trust with new partnership ARMD has announced that it is offering members of TrustMark enhanced protection against the scourge of tool theft, thanks to a new partnership. Members of TrustMark have the chance to access an unrivalled anti-tool theft package, via the members’ area of the TrustMark website, featuring ARMD’s ARMD Guard Smart Van Alarm and Tracker. The offer is open to any registered business who is a member of TrustMark, giving access to the beneficial rates for over 15,000 registered businesses. Kevin North, Sales Director of ARMD, said: “We’re delighted to be partnering with TrustMark. Tool theft adversely affects so many businesses in the construction industry. Through this partnership we are providing TrustMark’s hard working membership with access to the best technology and equipment

10 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

with which to protect themselves.” With ARMD, you can quickly protect your tools. You can register your tool inventory for free with the ARMD App while the ARMD Guard Smart Van Alarm and Tracker is engineered to safeguard your tools and equipment. GET MORE DETAILS ON ARMD’S TOTAL TOOL PROTECTION PACKAGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ003

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news

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

Sevadis buzzing as EVbee partnership announced Sevadis and EVbee have announced a strategic partnership to provide an aﬀordable, feature-packed and future-proofed EV charger to the UK market. The partnership combines Sevadis’ expertise in EV charging solutions and EVbee’s experience in developing cutting-edge products. Together, the strategic partnership will enable electrical contractors, installers and engineers to provide an aﬀordable EV charging solution to their customers, whilst providing electric vehicle drivers with a seamless EV charging experience. After a stringent research and due diligence process, Sevadis appointed EVbee as one of its key EV charging hardware manufacturers due to sharing the same values and a commitment to providing accessible EV charging solutions for electric vehicle drivers. The partnership further strengthens Sevadis’ portfolio of EV charging hardware, giving customers a choice in their EV charge point purchases. Craig Slater, Managing Director at

Sevadis, said: “This collaboration represents not only a meeting of minds but a synergy of values and aspirations. We have carefully chosen EVbee because of their unwavering commitment to innovation, quality, and sustainability – principles that resonate strongly with our own. “Together, we are poised to redeﬁne industry standards and elevate our collective impact. By joining forces with EVbee, we are fortifying our commitment to delivering excellence to our customers and stakeholders. This partnership opens up new avenues for growth, propelling us toward shared success and prosperity.” Merv Roxas, CEO at EVbee said: “Sevadis and EVbee’s collaboration is

based on shared values and aspirations. As EVbee’s ﬁrst UK partnership, Sevadis’ extensive network and expertise in providing EV charging solutions across the region is something we highly value. We’re looking forward to forging our partnership to utilise each other's strengths to deliver innovative public and home charging products accompanied by great service.”

Leading international lighting brand launches into UK market A leading lighting manufacturer from across Europe and the USA has now formally launched onto the UK market. Headquartered in Verona, Italy with operations across more than 100 countries worldwide, Performance iN Lighting (part of the Gewiss Group) is an established global player and is now set to make real waves over here. Paul Dawson, Managing Director of Gewiss UK, said: “We’re hugely excited to be bringing Performance iN Lighting’s range of indoor and outdoor lighting products to the UK for the very ﬁrst time. With our already strong international presence and a solid reputation for high-quality engineering, introducing our range to the UK industry was a natural next step. “The whole team brings together passion, experience, and exceptional technical expertise to produce a range that truly showcases its Italian heritage. In fact, with Italy being to lighting what Germany is to the automotive sector, it’s

not surprising that our products are all engineered with quality, performance, and elegance at their core.” Using the latest generation in LED sources and the highest quality craftsmanship, Performance iN Lighting’s suite of products is available in a range of sizes and specifications to suit all requirements, with choices of optics to offer optimum flexibility in lighting effects. Designed to enhance both public and private spaces, the range includes wall-mounted ‘chameleon-like’ luminaires that integrate seamlessly into any environment, high-powered floodlighting for large sports arenas, as well as pole-mounted street and hi/low-bay industrial lighting. Paul continued: “Whether you’re a specifier looking for a product that offers the ultimate in style, sophistication and sleekness or a contractor looking for a

12 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

product that is simple to install, maintain, and repair – the Performance iN Lighting range really does have it all. “And, with manufacturing sites in Italy, Germany, Belgium, and the States, every one of our products is designed, engineered, and tested in our own facilities – providing all of our valued customers with total peace of mind.” GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT PERFORMANCE IN LIGHTING’S FULL RANGE BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ004

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@proelectrician

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Coming in summer 2024 – the readers take over! Did you know that Professional Electrician & Installer is 40 years old this year? As a publication that loves to launch new concepts and ideas, we have a brand new one coming in 2024. And the best bit is that it involves those individuals that have been primary in ensuring the magazine is as healthy today as when it first launched – our readers! That's right, in our July/August 2024 combined (summer) issue, we'll be launching our first 'reader takeover' edition, where every bit of content in the publication will be contributed by, or about, our readers. We’re after comment, profiles, peer reviews, suggestions for industry improvements, funny stories and memories, features on inventors, authored articles and handy nuggets/advice from ONLY those electrical professionals who are on the very front line of our industry. We have some wonderful contributions

and contributors to our publication throughout the year from genuine front-line professionals, so we'll be encouraging as many electrical business owners, installers, apprentices, tutors and specialists as possible to take part in this special issue – we’ve got four months to get it all sorted! If you'd like to contribute to, or be featured in, the 'PE Reader Takeover'

2024 edition we'd welcome contact from anyone that would like to take part. Drop us a line at: pe@hamerville.co.uk and we can discuss further.

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PRIZE DRAW

W IN

GET INTO GEAR WITH £500 OF WORKWEAR! Three readers will bag a Snickers Workwear clothing and safety footwear pack. his month three lucky winners will get a pair of the world’s ﬁrst work trousers with built-in, certiﬁed kneepads (6590), worth £160; the hugely popular full zip logo hoodie (2846), worth £98; and a pair of the Solid Gear Prime GTX safety shoes, worth £265.

6590 work trousers Snickers Workwear’s newest and most advanced work trouser and knee protection system is unique, tested and certified to exacting international standards. The brand is renowned for continuous innovation, so 2024 sees the launch of the world’s first built-in, certified kneepads which are completely integrated into a pair of Snickers Workwear’s premium stretch work trousers. These stretch trousers with Capsulized kneepads feature an integrated belt while holster pockets deliver low-profile, comfortable impact protection. They’re an innovative combination of cutting-edge sportswear technology coupled with Snickers Workwear’s comfort, functionality and sustainable fabric design technology.

they’re built for durability and comfort. This iconic hoodie is ideal as a mid-layer garment or on its own, if required. It will ﬁt well with a jacket on chilly days and can be worn as an outer layer in the spring and summer months. It’s street-smart and great for on-site work or leisure activities and is made from a thick cotton-polyester blend that provides warmth and comfort to the user.

Full zip logo hoodie Snickers Workwear logo hoodies are built for comfort and, along with work trousers, are probably the most popular products among users. Designed speciﬁcally for professional craftsmen and women,

14 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Solid Gear Prime GTX safety shoe With a focus on comfort and safety, the high-tech design of the GTX shoe safety will keep you going for longer on-site, whatever the working environment and weather conditions. Incorporating some of the most advanced technical features in safety shoe design, it features a high-performance blend of ergonomic design, athletic comfort and S3-level protection. Its hi-tech, lightweight construction is enhanced by the top-performing E-TPU mid-sole for bounce-back comfort, delivering added comfort and protection against long-term knee and foot fatigue. The Prime GTX has a GORE-TEX upper with stretch technology to provide efficient waterproofing while the locking drawstring and BOA Fit system ensures the shoe fits like a glove.

HOW TO ENTER TO ENTER YOUR NAME INTO THE FREE PRIZE DRAW TO WIN THIS BRILLIANT SNICKERS WORKWEAR BUNDLE, SIMPLY FILL OUT THE CONTACT FORM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ005 Deadline for entries: 10/03/2024. Usual T&Cs apply.

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COVER STORY

HOW TO MAKE A HOME SMARTER! LED dimmers just got smarter, thanks to the launch of Hamilton’s new LEDSTAT smart Wi-Fi dimmers and smart devices. Here, we found out more about what is on oﬀer.

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PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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amilton’s new smart dimmers offer electrical contractors a comprehensive and user-friendly installation solution for controlling LED lights around the home, office space, bar, or restaurant. With features including App and Alexa control, scene setting, and scheduling the Hamilton LEDSTAT smart dimmers are an easy to install smart home setup, enhancing comfort, energy efficiency and convenience.

Retrofitting made easy One remarkable feature of the LEDSTAT smart Wi-Fi dimmer that sets it apart is its adaptability. As living spaces expand, the requirement to extend lighting circuitry becomes unavoidable. The LEDSTAT Wi-Fi dimmer excels by eﬀortlessly retroﬁtting into existing two-way and intermediate wiring, seamlessly integrating into both newly built kitchen/diners and revitalising older sections. This makes it a versatile solution for both new constructions and renovations.

experience by allowing easy brightness adjustments with a simple swipe of a ﬁnger, scene setting for various activities, and scheduling for times when lighting needs to come on – a valuable feature, especially when homeowners are away or returning from work. Explore the range Hamilton's LEDSTAT smart Wi-Fi dimmer is not a standalone product; it's part of a comprehensive range of smart devices designed to meet today's homeowners’ evolving needs. The range includes blind control, switch relays for the on/oﬀ control of appliances, and RGBW colour control for mood creation and scene setting. For a closer look at the entire range, visit the Hamilton stand (E240) at ELEX Alexandra Palace later this month.

EASY INSTALLATION l TRUE ROTARY MULTI-POINT

DIMMING

l RETRO FIT WIRING

(No neutral required)

l NO HUB REQUIRED l FITS IN 35MM WALLBOX l TRAILING & LEADING EDGE

CONTROL USER INTERFACE l MULTI-POINT CONTROL OPTIONS

(Rotary and toggle dimming)

l APP CONTROL USING THE

HAMILTON LITE APP

l SET LIGHT LEVELS AND

CONTROL SCENES

l AWAY FROM HOME CONTROL l WORKS WITH ALEXA & GOOGLE

HOME ASSISTANT

THE SMART DEVICE LINE-UP IN-LINE 250W WI-FI DIMMER Multiple toggle control options – trailing and leading edge RGBW Integrate with scenes, schedules and voice control through Alexa and Google Home. BLIND CONTROL Compatible with the Hamilton Lite App. Integrate with scenes and schedules.

App-controlled brilliance Homeowners may wonder, "Can I control it with my phone?" The answer is a resounding yes! LEDSTAT is a Wi-Fi-enabled device, allowing users to eﬀortlessly control all smart dimmers independently through the Hamilton Lite App. The App enhances the user

SWITCH RELAY Compatible with two-way switches and retractive switches. Can be installed behind an existing light switch.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT HAMILTON’S RANGE OF LEDSTAT SMART DIMMERS AND SMART DEVICES AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ006

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SPECIAL REPORT

REACH FOR THE STARS Recently crowned ECA Apprentice of the Year, Adam Allen, along with employer Neal Robinson, share their advice for young people interested in pursuing a rewarding electrical contracting career. t the end of last year, Adam Allen of ECA member-ﬁrm Geoﬀrey Robinson was recognised as one of the country’s leading electrical apprentices, winning the coveted ECA Apprentice of the Year Award. A few months removed from the Award win, Adam and his employer are now keen to share their advice for prospective new starters and apprentices looking to advance their careers. Neal Robinson, Managing Director of Geoffrey Robinson, explains: “When we heard that Adam had been nominated for this award, everyone at Geoffrey Robinson felt an immense amount of pride and delight for him. Fast-forward to hearing his name announced as the winner, and the sense of achievement and elation for Adam and the wider team was incredible. It’s certainly an afternoon we won’t forget in a hurry.” Adam adds: “I’m so grateful to everyone who supported me throughout my apprenticeship and helped me get to where I am today. To be recognised as Apprentice of the Year means a great deal to me and I’m looking forward to acting as an ambassador for electrical apprenticeships in the coming year.”

What makes a great apprentice? When taking on apprentices, Geoffrey Robinson looks for certain qualities in their applicants. “The apprenticeship routes we oﬀer combine on-the job training and academic studies, which isn’t always easy. As Adam has proved, however, it is incredibly rewarding,” says Neal. “First and foremost, we want to take on people who are genuinely interested in the industry. It’s much easier to teach and inspire at this stage of a career journey if you have a genuine interest and desire for the role. “Other skills would include looking at any relevant work experience, any hobbies that align with more practical skills and ways of working, as well as great communication skills. We’re a people-based business so this is very important.” From Adam’s perspective, securing an apprenticeship is all about putting the work in, and being able to see concrete results from his eﬀorts. “I would advise all aspiring apprentices that, although it can be competitive to secure an apprenticeship at a company that suits you, it’s more than worth the work you put in,” he says. “Those who actively seek out opportunities will be able to secure an apprenticeship and start the incredibly

20 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

rewarding journey to becoming a qualified electrician.” Adam is keen to emphasise that an electrical apprenticeship opens doors to a wide range of satisfying and well paid career options. He says: “Becoming qualified in your trade does not set you on a single career path. Instead, it opens more doors and exposes you to a world of opportunities and different routes, to find exactly where you fit best within the industry.” Spreading the word For the next year, Adam will act as an industry ambassador to young people who may be thinking about taking the leap into the electrotechnical industry. To those interested in the sector, his advice is simple: “You’ll be able to do hands-on work while applying your technical knowledge and problem-solving skills. The electrical industry is advancing quickly – especially in the low carbon technology sector – so there are so many paths you can choose once you become qualified. “I’ve always maintained that choosing a career in the electrical industry was the best decision I could have made. Because the industry is so expansive, there will certainly be a rewarding career path for you too – you just have to reach for it.”

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PRIZE DRAW

W IN ARMOURSLICE CABLE STRIPPERS TO BE WON! Win one of four C.K Tools ArmourSlice EVO Cable Strippers this month. .K Tools is leading the way in product innovation once again with the launch of its new ArmourSlice EVO Cable Stripper – designed to deliver greater effectiveness for electricians in their everyday work. A high-quality redesign of one of the brand’s most popular innovations thanks to the speed and precision achieved by using it, the new ArmourSlice EVO offers superior stripping and cutting abilities making it faster, easier and safer to strip SWA cables than conventional stripping methods. The next generation ArmourSlice features an innovative new quick-clamp design allowing for rapid tool fitment and removal as well as a new finger-grip handle for greater rotational force and faster cutting – providing busy electricians with an efficient method of stripping SWA cables ready for termination. The new ArmourSlice EVO scores armour strands to a uniform depth for a clean break off and trouble-free gland connection. The automatic cable clamp applies constant pressure throughout the cut with no retightening necessary, providing piece of mind that there won’t be any unwanted wire slips, while the wide cable clamp ensures perfect blade to cable alignment for precise cuts on cables from 12 mm up to 36 mm. The high quality, modern tool has a rugged all-metal construction for exceptional durability.

HOW TO ENTER ENTER THE FREE PRIZE DRAW TO WIN ONE OF FOUR ARMOURSLICE EVO CABLE STRIPPERS BY FILLING OUT THE CONTACT FORM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ007 Deadline for entries: 10/03/2024. Usual T&Cs apply.

ELEX2024

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PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Sponsored by

The Electricians’ Exhibition

CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AT ELEX SHOW! Taking place across two days, at the iconic London Alexandra Palace venue, the ELEX 2024 tour begins later this month. What’s more, we’ve got great news for visitors that are serious about CPD! ecent changes to The Electrotechnical Assessment Specification (EAS) which sets out the minimum requirements for a business to be recognised as technically competent by a Certification or Registration Body, includes a requirement for businesses to maintain appropriate records of qualifications, training (including Continuing Professional Development) and experience. To support this requirement, EVERY ELEX seminar is now CPD accredited, ensuring those individuals who make the time and effort to attend will receive a direct certificate of completion, which can

form a key part of your ongoing Continuing Professional Development record. With industry regulation and legislation changing constantly, the extensive ELEX seminar programme will cover an array of topics, including the latest Amendment 2 to the 18th Edition and the changes this covers, along with best practice and technical advice for professionals to get stuck into. Presentations will be delivered by experts in their field and the only cost to delegates is their time. All seminars will take place in the IET Seminar Theatre located centrally in the exhibition hall and there’s no need for delegates to pre-book, just pre-register to attend the show. Whether you need some advice on the direction the sector is heading, want to chat with manufacturers about their latest solutions, view live demonstrations of the latest products or bag yourself a great

YOUR SHOW, NEAR YOU... l

At a venue near you Across two days l Free parking (van friendly) l Free entry l Free T-Shirt & a free bacon roll* l

(*limited to first 1,000 visitors)

Show bargains Hands-on demos l Meet manufacturers l Networking opportunities l CPD accredited seminars and certificates l

show deal on tools and equipment from leading brands, your regional ELEX tradeshow has it all. The ELEX 2024 tour will be visiting six regional venues, with the first show of the year taking place at Alexandra Palace – February 29th and March 1st.

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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ENTER THE CPD ZONE AND EARN 1 CPD CREDIT TOWARDS YOUR PROFESSIONAL RECORD! ontinuing professional development (CPD) can be broadly defined as any type of learning you undertake which increases your knowledge, understanding and experiences of a subject area or role. To help professionals to better document and prove this process, our CPD Zone contains content and articles that have been checked, verified and accredited by a third-party specialist organisation. Collectively, the content within this section has been deemed worthy of 1 x CPD credit, or one hours’ worth of CPD. Once this content has been consumed, readers will have the opportunity to scan a QR code which will provide a bespoke, downloadable certificate that can be used as part of a

NEW USERS – ACCESS YOUR BESPOKE CPD CERTIFICATE IN FIVE STEPS 1. Read ALL of the content and articles included within this month’s CPD Zone. 2. Scan the QR code or enter the RDRLink code with the last article in this section. 3. Enter your email address. 4. Fill out your details on the contact form. 5. Download your certificate for use as part of your annual CPD record.

professional’s ongoing CPD record. This means that if you’re a monthly reader of PE, you could earn up to 11 credits, or 11 hours’ worth of CPD, just by reading a regular copy of your favourite independent industry magazine in 2024. DO NOT SCAN THE QR CODE UNLESS YOU HAVE READ ALL OF THE CONTENT WITHIN THIS SECTION! A large element of CPD involves self-certification and relies on professionals being honest about what they have actually read, consumed and digested. A QR code and RDRLink code have been placed with the final article in this month’s CPD Zone and ONLY once you have read ALL of the articles within this section, should you then scan/enter the code to receive your bespoke certificate. By skipping any of these steps, you’re not just cheating the system, but yourself and your fellow professionals at the same time!

PREVIOUS USERS – ACCESS YOUR CPD CERTIFICATE IN FOUR STEPS 1. Read ALL of the content and articles included within this month’s CPD Zone. 2. Scan the QR code or enter the RDRLink code with the last article in this section. 3. Enter your name and email address. 4. Download your certificate for use as part of your annual CPD record. All certificates are valid for one year from the issue date. If you’re having any issues with downloading your certificate or using the system, please email us at: pe@hamerville.co.uk

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THE

CODEBREAKERS CHRISTOPHER ORTHODOXOU: THE CUSTOMER WAS WONDERING WHY EVERYTIME SHE PLUGGED SOMETHING INTO THIS SOCKET IT WOULD TRIP THE RCD! This is a failure of the initial verification of the socket-outlet where the correct sequence of inspection and testing has not been carried out. Part of the requirements for inspection under Part 6 for initial verification Regulation 642.3 (i) requires the checking of the connection of conductors. If this had been carried out then the incorrect termination of the line conductor into the neutral terminal and vice versa would have been noticed and corrected. The requirements for testing under Section 643 should have revealed the cross-polarity under several of the Regulations as follows: l l

Regulation 643.2 Continuity of Conductors – R1 + R2 testing would have revealed the issue. Regulation 643.6 Polarity – this test would have shown that the line and neutral conductors were incorrectly connected at the socket-outlet. Regulation 643.7.1 Earth Fault Loop Impedance – this test would have highlighted that the polarity was incorrect.

Unfortunately, there are occasions when DIY enthusiasts dabble in electrical work without the knowledge or experience, instead often relying on guidance from “How to Guides”. What would be inexcusable were if this work was carried out by a skilled C electrical person as they have paid lip service to the requirement of Electricity at Work Regulations and BS 7671 requirements for electrical installations.

The Observations, Regulation infringements and Codes applicable to this observation would be:

Incorrect polarity at a socket-outlet

134.1.1, 134.2.1

Failure to carry out inspection and testing for initial verification

642.3(i), 643.2, 643.6, 643.7.1

GET THE BOOK AND CRACK THOSE CODES! Updated for BS 7671:2018+A2:2022, NAPIT’s EICR Codebreakers publication is purpose-written to aid contractors, inspectors and clients, and now includes updates to align with Amendment 2 of the IET 18th Edition Wiring Regulations. The book is the perfect technical aid for electrical professionals and their customers.

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Need help with cracking those all-important EICR codes? Every month the technical team at NAPIT will be studying your latest ‘Caught on Camera’ photos and oﬀering advice on the next steps, should you find a similar installation. If you want the team at NAPIT to help crack your codes then send your pictures through to us at: pe@hamerville.co.uk

DARREN OVEREND: I SAW THIS UK CONVERTER PLUG ON SOME CHRISTMAS LIGHTS THAT HAD A EUROPEAN STYLE TRANSFORMER PLUG. HOW'S THAT SUPPOSED TO WORK THEN? As electricians we often come across a wide variety of electrical equipment for use within an electrical installation. Sometimes it is the client that provides the products either via an online purchase, bargain purchase from a market stall or from a holiday purchase. It is relatively easy to ascertain if an item of fixed electrical equipment is compliant with the product standards as these have to be connected into the wiring system. The flexible nature of socket-outlets and any product which is supplied with a 13 A plug is out of the control of the electrician, as it often appears when we leave site or, in this case, Christmas lights which make an annual appearance. It would be during either a periodic inspection when carrying out an EICR or when undertaking a portable appliance testing programme that these types of items are discovered. The BS 1363 series:2023 for plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connections is vital to ensuring that the millions of plugs, sockets and adaptors, made by many diﬀerent manufacturers, are safe to use and will fit together and function correctly and reliably, even after many insertions. The item shown in the image would not meet any of the requirements of BS 1363 series, even though it may work in some socket-outlets where the line, neutral and earth apertures operate in conjunction with each other. From the Dimage it is not clear if there is a provision of a fuse which is also a requirement of BS 1363 series.

The Observations, Regulation infringements and Codes applicable to this observation would be:

Non-compliant adaptor to BS 1363 series

511.1

Removal of item from use for failing to meet EAWR requirements

EAWR Reg 4(4)

The A2:2022 18th Edition Codebreakers publication is priced at £22.00 (members) and £24.00 (non-members). It is available in both hard copy and digital versions * Price is VAT exempt and excludes postage and packaging.

ORDER YOUR COPY OF NAPIT CODEBREAKERS BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ009

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PROTECTIVE MULTIPLE EARTHING (PME) The aim of this article from the experts at NICEIC is to explain the operating characteristics of the protective multiple earthing (PME) earthing facility, a type of TN-C-S system, which is commonly provided for both new and existing electrical installations. n a PME arrangement the supply neutral conductor functions as both protective and neutral conductors and is connected to multiple earthing points along the route of the supply network, as shown in Fig 1. The supply neutral conductor of a PME earthing facility – often referred to as a PEN (protective earth and neutral) or CNE (combined neutral and earth) conductor – is terminated at the distributor’s switchgear (cut-out) where connection of the earthing conductor to the supply neutral is achieved by means of an internal link provided by the distributor. Regulation 543.4.1 states that within an installation PEN conductors shall not be used, except where one of the conditions described in regulation 543.4.2 is met. Therefore, separate neutral and earth conductors must be used within the consumer’s installation. Because the supply neutral is connected to earth in a PME system, the fault return path for both line to earth and line to neutral faults is via the combined

“... a PME system is not permitted in hazardous locations such as petrol stations where there is high risk of ignition of explosion.”

Fig 1. PME earthing arrangement

Fig 2. Open-circuit in the PEN conductor

conductor. Using the combined conductor in this way has the advantage of providing the return path with a low impedance, therefore allowing for rapid disconnection of circuit protective devices under fault conditions. The Distribution Network Operator (DNO) will typically specify a significantly lower maximum external fault loop impedance Ze for a TN-C-S system than for a TN-S system of the same current rating. The returning current in a PME system has two possible paths, through the combined conductor and the general mass of Earth. Depending on their relative impedances, some current, often referred to as neutral current diversion (NCD) or circulating neutral current, may return via the general mass of Earth. For this reason, a PME system is not permitted in hazardous locations such as petrol stations where there is high risk of ignition or explosion. Other issues relating to a PME system include the following: Perceived shock A small voltage difference may exist between the PME earthing terminal at the origin of the installation and the general mass of Earth under normal conditions and is dependent on the distribution network configuration and loading conditions. This small voltage above Earth potential could, under certain circumstances result in a ‘perceived shock’ for a person simultaneously in contact with an exposed-conductive-part

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or extraneous-conductive-part and ‘Earth potential’. Such effects may occur in locations where a reduction in body resistance is likely due to the presence of water such as a shower area within a sports facility. Open-circuit PEN conductor An open-circuit in the PEN conductor within the network, as shown in Fig 2, can cause the combined neutral/earth terminal at the consumer’s cut-out to rise above Earth potential, due to its carrying of load currents from installations downstream of the open-circuit. Consequently, the protective conductors at the main earthing terminal and subsequently all other protective conductors within the installation are also likely to rise in potential. Similarly, any metallic parts, such as gas and water pipework connected within the consumers’ installation are also likely to rise above Earth potential, creating a shock risk to any person in simultaneous contact with such parts and the general mass of Earth. There is also the potential risk of fire and thermal damage to cables, in particular, flat twin and earth cables where the non-insulated protective conductor typically has a smaller cross-sectional area (csa) than the associated live conductors. For this reason, it may be inappropriate to use a PME system arrangement in some premises and prohibited in certain other installations. For example, regulation 9(4) of the Electricity Safety Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 (as amended) prohibits the connection of a combined neutral and protective conductor to any metal work in a caravan or boat. However, connection to the PME terminal is permitted for fixed buildings of the location such as offices, restaurants or shops, although it must not be used for the caravan or boat mooring supplies. To reduce the risks linked with a PME, the combined conductor is earthed at

Table 1. Minimum cross-sectional area (csa) of main bonding conductor in relation to the PEN conductor where PME conditions apply

“... any metallic parts, such as gas and water pipework connected within the consumers’ installation are also likely to rise above Earth potential, creating a shock risk...” multiple points along the network and bonding is provided within the consumer’s installation, in accordance with BS 7671. Bonding conductors Due to the low earth loop impedance and increased fault currents within a consumer’s installation, typically associated with PME, all main protective bonding conductors must be sized in relation to the PEN conductor of the supply and Table 54.8 of BS 7671, reproduced in Table 1. However, in some cases the local distribution network conditions may require a larger conductor than those listed in Table 1. Note: Table 54.8 of BS 7671 is also applicable for a PNB system arrangement, a variant to the PME system. Where the PME supply is extended from a dwelling to a detached outbuilding, such as a garage, these bonding requirements will also need to

32 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

be applied to any extraneous-conductive parts within that area. Due to the practicalities for satisfying these bonding requirements at the load end the contractor may decide to convert the earthing arrangement within the garage to a TT system incorporating an earth electrode (542.1.2.3) combined with an appropriate RCD (411.5.2). Although the TT system earthing arrangement provides less onerous conditions for bonding than that associated with PME, it also presents its own set of issues. There is a potential risk of causing damage to other buried services when installing earth electrodes. In addition, the diﬃculties in providing suitable electrode separation from other buried metalwork connected to the supply PEN conductor. Summary Although the distributor may have initially provided a PME earthing arrangement for an installation, where an addition or alteration is to be made it is the responsibility of the installation designer to assess its suitability and adequacy for the altered circumstances. Where necessary, alternative means of earthing, such as a TT system earthing arrangement, may be used.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT NICEIC REGISTRATION AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ010

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THE TRAINING GROUND What is the ‘Electrician Plus’ campaign that I keep hearing about? Is it a new scheme I will need to join? In short, no, it’s not an individual accreditation scheme. The term ‘Electrician Plus’ is a concept developed to highlight how the core skills of a qualified electrician are essential to low carbon technology installation. With underpinning core electrical competence, all that is needed is to top-up qualifications in relevant areas such as solar PV, electrical vehicle charging equipment (EVCE) and energy storage systems. It’s essential for public safety that anyone installing such technologies is properly qualified and competent. Terms like ‘solar installer’ are not recognised as a separate occupation – those who undertake short courses in these areas without the underpinning core electrical competence can pose a public safety risk, and these people will be installing without robust training and assessment of their electrotechnical skills or knowledge. TESP is working closely with the Building Safety Regulator to finalise the development of the Mandatory Technical Competencies (MTCs) that underpin Competent Persons Schemes. New low carbon MTC categories will align with the Electrician Plus model, supporting installation by qualified electricians. Once the MTCs are updated, the Electrotechnical Assessment Specification will also be updated. The accompanying EAS Qualifications Guide will also reference valid low carbon qualifications. If you’re already a qualified electrician, there are top-up solar PV, EV and energy storage qualifications from awarding bodies such as City & Guilds, EAL and BPEC. They’re designed so that only electricians who meet the industry Level 3 standard can enrol on these courses. The Electrician Plus logo will be used to endorse relevant qualifications to show they are industry approved in terms of content and assessment.

GET MORE INFORMATION ON THE ELECTRICIAN PLUS CONCEPT AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ011

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Steve Dunning, Managing Director of Martindale Electric, explains the importance of safe isolation and why using the right equipment is an absolute must.

SAFE ISOLATION: BEST PRACTICE afe isolation procedures are necessary to ensure that workers on-site are not exposed to danger when working on or near live electrical systems. There have been incidents where failure to use safe isolation procedures has resulted in injury or, in the worst cases, death. Selection and use of the right equipment is one of the most important parts of the procedure. Firstly a voltage indicator with the means to prove it is operational, usually by using a dedicated proving unit. Secondly, lock oﬀ items suitable for the circuit being tested and signage to warn others. Failure to use the correct equipment and procedures can result in a circuit inadvertently remaining live.

Locking off devices Locking off devices are either supplied as individual items or, more generally, as kits. There are many kits and combinations available, however a basic starter set should always include a selection of MCB and breaker locks, a padlock with a unique key or combination, a hasp for when more than one person is working on a system, plus an array of lock out tags and warning labels. For the locking off procedure itself, where a distribution board switch or other means of disconnection is used, this should be locked in the ‘off’ position using a suitable lock with the addition of signage to advise others of the activity. The key or combination lock should be the responsibility of the person doing the work or someone delegated by them.

34 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

It is important that any padlock must have a unique key or combination held by the person carrying out the work to prevent anyone else from removing the lock and inadvertently activating the circuit. A unique key lock provides the safest solution. Once the breaker has been locked oﬀ correctly, a warning tag should be attached to clearly identify that

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indicator being used. The reason is that the known live source will only light some of the LEDs on the tester, whereas a proving unit will ensure that all LEDs on all ranges are working, again safeguarding against incorrect readings due to a faulty LED. In addition, there is not always a suitable live source nearby and a dedicated proving unit is faster and safer. Guidance advises against the use of both multimeters and non-contact devices for proving dead. Multimeters are not suitable for the proving dead process as it is all too easy to select the wrong range and, importantly, a multimeter relies on battery power to function fully, thus there is a high risk of making a false “dead” reading on a live circuit. Non-contact voltage detectors also require a battery in order to work and are often sensitive to other signals, such as static electricity. It’s also not possible to prove they are working correctly with a standard proving unit. Whilst these units can be used to detect live cables, they cannot reliably be used to prove dead.

the circuit has been locked oﬀ and is currently being worked on. Locking oﬀ the circuit is just one part of the procedure. Next it is absolutely essential to verify that the circuit is dead before carrying out any work. Proving dead With a wide range of voltage detectors, multimeters and indicators available, it is essential to fully appreciate what the requirements

for proving dead are, and the reasons why some equipment, such as multimeters, should not be used for this process. It’s also important to be aware of the standards for voltage indicators and ensure the tester being used is compliant. Key standards are BS EN61243-3 applicable to voltage detectors to be used in contact with electrical systems up to 1000 V AC and HSE Guidance GS38 Electrical test equipment for use on low voltage electrical systems. Proving dead needs to be done because the circuits to be tested may not be labelled correctly (or labelled at all) and it should never be assumed that a circuit or nearby circuits are dead because the isolation device is set to oﬀ. Best practice is to use a dedicated voltage indicator and a voltage compatible proving unit when carrying out this procedure. Importantly the voltage indicator must comply with BS EN61243. There is a variety of suitable equipment available on the market, including test lamps or more commonly voltage

indicators, such as the Martindale VI-13800 or VI-15000. Both these units include a high wattage resistor in the probe to limit the current in the event of damage to the cable. It is important to note that the voltage indicator must be able to work without the need for a battery. If a device needs a battery and is ﬂat, you cannot prove the circuit is dead. The procedure for proving dead is to take the voltage indicator and check it against a known source, such as a proving unit, then test the circuit before testing the voltage indicator against the known source again to prove the tester has not failed during testing. Whilst you can use a known live source to test your voltage indicator, a much safer method is using a dedicated proving unit matched to the

Reference material With guidelines well established and safe isolation kits readily available, implementing safe isolation procedures is neither diﬃcult nor expensive and has been proven to save lives and avoid injury. It’s essential for compliance with Electricity at Work Regulations for safe working when installing and maintaining electrical equipment and systems. Electrical Safety First, in association with other industry bodies such as SELECT, has produced a guidance document that covers best practice for safe isolation (Best Practice Guide 2). This includes guidance on proving isolated equipment or circuits are dead by using suitable test lamps and voltage detectors, and is an extremely useful reference document. GET MORE DETAILS ON MARTINDALE ELECTRIC’S ALIVE CAMPAIGN AND ITS RANGE OF PROVING DEVICES AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ012

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LEAVING IT ALL BEHIND Frank Bertie, Chief Technical Officer at NAPIT, discusses the essentials of client handover documentation. or every installation, regardless of the technology, there are requirements placed on the contractor to furnish the client with information on the products and how to use and maintain the system. It is important to note that certain items are covered by legislation, British Standards, scheme requirements and consumer protection laws.

Upfront provisions During any estimation or quotation for installation contracts, the client may request documentation to demonstrate that you have the relevant skills, insurance and accreditations to satisfy them that you would be suitable to carry out the proposed works.

This may then form part of the handover documentation as a record that the client has selected the appropriate contractors, which they may need to demonstrate to third-party organisations, such as ﬁnance or planning departments. Contract commencement Once the quotation has been accepted, this is often followed by a purchase order and subsequent confirmation by the contractor. The client would then expect a programme for the works, risk assessments and method statements for each task, as well as any particular site requirements, such as power shutdowns, delivery and access, as shown in Fig 1.

For larger contracts The Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015 (CDM) are statutory regulations that are enforced under the Health and Safety at Work Act. The creation of CMD was to establish higher standards in the management and control of construction and demolition work. CDM 2015 has been in force since 6 April 2015, replacing the 2007 CDM Regulations. They lay out what people involved in construction work need to do to protect themselves from harm, including anyone the work aﬀects, and for the ﬁrst time, these regulations are also applicable to domestic installations. The aim of CDM 2015 is to improve health and safety in the industry by helping you to: l Sensibly plan the work so the risks

involved are managed from start to ﬁnish,

l Have the right people, for the right job,

at the right time,

l Cooperate and coordinate your work

with others,

l Have the right information about the

risks and how they are being managed,

l Communicate this information

eﬀectively to those who need to know,

l Consult and engage with workers

about the risks and how they are being managed. Members should be aware that: l All builders, whatever their size, will

have to create a construction phase

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PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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l Quotations, l Variations, l Payments and ﬁnal settlement, l Speciﬁcations, l Detailing the extent of the work

carried out,

l Health and Safety risk assessment and

method statements,

l Certiﬁcation/commissioning – this is

dependent on the scheme ,

l Building Regulation Notiﬁcations,

where applicable,

l Manufacturers’ warranties (all installed

products, including software),

l Manufacturers’ instructions, including

maintenance requirements,

l Diagrams and layout drawings for

more complex contracts,

l COSHH data sheets for any products

used within the installation.

safety plan for all building projects,

l All domestic projects will have to meet

the same basic standards for the provision of welfare facilities as commercial projects, l Any domestic projects where there has been more than one contractor must have a Health and Safety file presented at completion, l There is a Health and Safety file/handover pack available, which should include ‘as built’ drawings or specifications of components that have been installed. Conveyancing solicitors are likely to request this when a property is bought and sold, l For home owners, CDM duties are passed to the contractor where there is only one, or to the principal contractor if there are more than one. Where there is more than one contractor, a principal designer will be appointed, and they will coordinate all matters relating to health and safety. Where the principal designer changes or is not engaged to the end of a project, any responsibility for the file moves on and may rest finally with the principal contractor.

l Lasts more than 30 days, and l Has more than 20 people on-site, or l Lasts more than 500 days.

This information can take the form of a printed copy, PDF, shared file software or digital file. There will also be a requirement for information to be retained in case the client seeks documentation or has a complaint or question regarding the work carried out. Another important area is the case of product recalls, which on occasions may affect a range of equipment and accessories. As the installer of these products, the manufacturer will contact you regarding product recalls, so having information about where the equipment or accessories were installed is important. The handover pack should include details about product recalls.

For smaller contracts, repair and maintenance Although these types of contracts would not fall under CDM, as a contractor you will still be required to provide similar handover documentation to the client. This is to allow them to have the information to enable them to operate, maintain and replace any components.

Conclusion It is extremely important that the client is provided with information on how the installation functions, maintenance procedures and replacement of equipment and accessories. Providing the handover pack allows you to discharge your duties to the client and maintain the essential ongoing client relationship.

Handover pack The handover documentation, see Fig 2, should include all documentation relating to the contract, such as:

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON NAPIT SCHEME REGISTRATION, VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ013

The principal contractor is responsible for operational site safety and passing information to the principal designer for the Health and Safety ﬁle. On completion, the principal contractor will hand over the Health and Safety ﬁle/handover documentation to the client. There are some caveats associated with CDM, such as the duration and labour associated with the contract, such as:

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Dr. Zzeus ‘DR. ZZEUS’ TOM BROOKES, md of zzeus training and CHAIRMAN OF THE FSA, ANSWERS YOUR QUESTIONS RELATED TO FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE. In the previous column (December 2023), I answered a question related to the skills of fire alarm and security installers and whether some of the old skills have been lost. This gave advice on how to measure the resistance of a cable and also how to calculare the resistance of a 1.5 mm standard fire alarm cable. This month we’re going to answer a final question that relates to the subject: how do you take an insulation reading on a fire cable? As stated previously, BS 5839-1 clause 38.1 states that all installed cables with a manufacturer’s voltage rating suitable for mains use should be subject to insulation testing at 500 V DC Insulation resistance should be measured between each conductor and earth and achieve no less than 2 MΩ. It continues to say that on completion of the installation work, where maximum circuit resistance for any circuit is specified by the

manufacturer or supplier, measurement of the resistance of every such circuit must be documented. At Zzeus Training, this is standard day three practical electrical testing, but it may appear that some training providers are not doing this. The standard is very clear: if you install a fire cable, you must test it. Insulation resistance testing Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow and is measured in units called ohms (Ω). The insulation resistance test definition is the measurement of total resistance between any two points separated by electrical insulation. This measurement identifies if, down the length of the tested cable, the insulation between the cores is in good condition. The higher the reading, the better the insulation is. The standard allows 2 MΩ as a minimum reading; however, on brand new soft skin fire cable, I would expect to see a reading greater than the meter

can calculate. The new cable with a 2 MΩ reading has got a serious problem. This test needs to be done with no devices on the circuit because it will put 500 V DC through the cable, which may damage equipment or indeed shock a person. Testing for insulation resistance is very simple with a multifunction tester: Step 1 Attach the live lead to your ﬁrst core and attach the earth lead to the second core. Step 2 Select ‘Insulation Testing’ on the meter and ensure the test voltage is set at 500 V DC. Step 3 Press the test button, keeping your ﬁngers away from the test leads and cable. The results will measure the resistance in megohms (millions of ohms). Remember, the higher the number, the better the insulation! DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION YOU'D LIKE ANSWERED? EMAIL YOUR QUERIES TO: TOM@ZZEUS.ORG.UK GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT ZZEUS TRAINING AND THE RANGE OF COURSES ON OFFER AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ014

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TESTING REQUIREMENTS & USB SOCKET-OUTLETS Have you dealt with problems with USB socket-outlets that have been faulty following insulation resistance testing? Jake Green, Head of Technical Engagement with Scolmore Group, aims to shed some light on the issue. ith USB socket-outlets, the charging unit is built into the back of the socket and this is sometimes fixed to the ‘on’ position. This means that the switches on the socket that control the 13 A plug element have no connection to the USB charging point, with the result that it is permanently connected. This can cause problems when carrying out insulation resistance testing, as the electronic components of the USB charging unit are part of the circuit and therefore the 500 V that electricians use to test them could damage those components, resulting in a faulty charging port. The Click range of USB sockets has been designed to withstand the 500 V insulation test due to the nature of the circuitry built within the USB socket. Chapter 64 of BS 7671 details the general requirements for initial verification, and Section 643 deals with the requirements for testing. Here we briefly consider the requirements for insulation resistance testing and the care that should be taken when testing after second fixing has occurred:

Insulation resistance testing Insulation resistance testing is carried out to confirm that there are no inadvertent connections between live conductors, and between live conductors and Earth before the installation is energised (643.3.1).

The insulation resistance test is a ‘dead’ test, and the normal supply should not be ‘live’. To this end the person carrying out the test should ensure that the circuits to be tested are isolated and the normal power cannot be energised inadvertently. The minimum required insulation resistance values in megohms is detailed in Table 64, although a value significantly in excess of these stated values is preferred (643.3.2). Regulation 641.1 requires that every installation is tested both during erection and on completion before being put into service. Insofar as this relates to insulation resistance testing, this means that tests should be carried out after first fixing (after cables have been installed and prior to equipment being connected). This test confirms that the installed cables are in a fit state. The final insulation resistance test needs to be carried out after second fixing has taken place. However, after second fixing it may be that connected equipment may influence the measurement or result of the test (643.3.3). Where this is the case, following the connection of equipment, it is permitted to

40 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

reduce the test voltage to 250 V DC and to test between the live conductors (connected together) and Earth. Sensitive electronic equipment The note attached to Regulation 643.3.3 indicates that manufacturer’s instructions may recommend some equipment needs to be disconnected, Fig 1. Testing live conductors to Earth

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even when the test voltage is reduced to 250 V DC. This may apply, typically, to accessories such as socket-outlets with USB connections and the like. Scolmore’s Click socket-outlets with USB ports do not require disconnecting and may be tested between live conductors (connected together) and Earth at a test voltage of 500 V DC whilst still connected in circuit. Conclusion Insulation resistance testing is an essential part of ensuring that prior to energisation the installation is safe. The tests verify that there are no inadvertent connections between live conductors and between live conductors and Earth. Care should be taken to ensure that any connected equipment is capable of withstanding the test voltages applied. Where there is a risk of damage or test results outside of the permitted range, it may be necessary to disconnect equipment prior to any test being carried out. Fig 2. Testing between live conductors

VIEW THE CLICK SCOLMORE USB SOCKET RANGE INFORMATION PAGE ONLINE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ015

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THE CPD ZONE

USING THE ARMOURING OF A CABLE AS A PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR This article from the experts at NICEIC provides guidance on the use of the metallic armouring of a cable as a circuit protective conductor (cpc), main protective bonding conductor or where practicable, an earthing conductor. required minimum csa. Where the application of Table 54.7 produces a non-standard size it will be necessary to select a conductor with a larger csa.

lthough the main purpose of the metallic armouring is to provide mechanical protection, it may also be used as a protective conductor if all the relevant requirements of BS 7671 for such use are satisﬁed.

Use as a circuit protective conductor (cpc) Where the armouring of a cable is used as a cpc it is likely to experience some thermal stress (heating eﬀects) when subjected to earth fault current. The ability to withstand such stress safely will depend upon the cross-sectional area (csa) of the armouring used as a cpc, which must not be less than that determined by one of the two methods referred to in regulation 543.1.1 of BS 7671, either by calculation or selection: l Using the formula given in regulation

543.1.3 based on the adiabatic expression. This provides a more accurate method of determining the minimum csa required for the cpc. S=

√I 2 t = mm2 k

l Using Table 54.7 of BS 7671 for

selection, when permitted, and as an alternative to calculation. This will consequently produce a larger

42 February 2024

Selection is dependent on the csa of the line conductor and the associated ‘k’ value for both the line and cpc conductors, providing the minimum csa required for the cpc. However, where the line conductors are sized only by considerations of short-circuit current or where the earth fault current is expected to be less than the short-circuit current the method of selection must not be used (543.1.1). Where the armouring of the cable is to be used as a cpc, careful consideration must be given to its end-to-end impedance as this will contribute to the earth fault loop impedance (Zs) at the exposed-conductive-parts of all Class I electrical equipment connected to the circuit. As such, the value of Zs at all relevant parts, including the cable armouring, glands and terminations, need to be suﬃciently low to satisfy the requirements of BS 7671 for fault protection. Use as a main protective bonding conductor

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Fig 1. Armouring used as a main protective bonding conductor

The armouring of a cable may be used as a main protective bonding conductor. With reference to Fig 1, the distribution board is supplied from the main switchgear at the origin of the installation by an armoured cable. In addition, an extraneous-conductive-part is bonded to the main earthing terminal (MET) of the distribution board. The armouring is therefore both the circuit protective conductor for the circuit supplying the distribution board and the main protective bonding conductor between the distribution board and the main switchgear. In an installation where Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) conditions apply, the main protective bonding conductors

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“When using the armouring as a protective conductor its csa must satisfy the minimum size required for the application, using either the method of calculation or selection as Table 54.7.” may have to carry sustained ‘diverted neutral’ currents in the event of an open PEN (protective earth and neutral) conductor. This may result in the heating of bonding conductors in the installation, including the armouring. For this reason, the armouring of a cable should not be used as a main protective bonding conductor unless it has been determined by the installation designer that under such circumstances, the heat produced in the armouring is not liable to cause overheating of the live conductors or cause damage to conductor insulation. Where PME conditions apply and the armouring is to be used as a main protective bonding conductor, it must be selected in relation to the PEN conductor of the supply and have a csa of not less than the minimum required by Table 54.8 of regulation 544.1.1. Note: Where steel armouring is used for the main protective bonding conductor its csa would typically be required to be 8.0 times that of copper in order to aﬀord an equivalent conductance. Use as an earthing conductor The earthing conductor is deﬁned as a protective conductor connecting the main earthing terminal of an installation to an earth electrode or to other means of earthing. Armouring is not commonly used as an earthing conductor based on the sizing practicality issues, although BS 7671 does not preclude such use. Every earthing conductor is required to

Fig 2. Suitable terminations maintaining earth continuity

have a csa not less than that given by one of the two methods referred to in regulation 543.1.1. In addition, where PME conditions apply, the csa of the armouring must also be suﬃcient to meet the requirements for a main protective bonding conductor (542.3.1). Preservation of electrical continuity It is a requirement of regulation 543.3.1 that all protective conductors should be provided with suitable protection against: l Mechanical damage and vibration, l Chemical deterioration and corrosion,

and

ends and be suitable for the installed environment, as shown in Fig 2. Furthermore, electrical joints such as those between the armouring, cable glands and earthing terminals, must be properly made (mechanically and electrically), and where necessary, suitably protected. Note: To prevent degradation of cable insulation, bonding clamps to BS 951 or worm-drive type hose clamps should not be used to provide a direct connection to the armouring of a cable. Summary When using the armouring as a protective conductor its csa must satisfy the minimum size required for the application, using either the method of calculation or selection as Table 54.7. The continuity of the armouring must be assured for its method of installation while using suitable cable glands and installation methods. Were necessary protection must be provided against the risk of deterioration as a result from mechanical, chemical or electrochemical effects.

l Electrodynamics eﬀects (mechanical

forces experienced during fault currents). In addition to those requirements previously mentioned, regulation 543.2.5 states where the metallic covering, including armouring, is used as a cpc for the associated circuit it must satisfy both requirements (i) and (ii) of regulation 543.2.2, including: (i) The need to ensure electrical continuity, either by its construction or suitable connection, and (ii) The cross-sectional-area shall be at least equal to that resulting from the application of regulation 543.1 or be veriﬁed by test.

CPD ZONE!

Where the armouring is used as a protective conductor appropriate cable glands must be used for terminating cable

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SCAN THE QR CODE TO CLAIM YOUR CPD CREDIT FOR THIS EDITION OR VISIT:

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TEST & MEASUREMENT

Is it time to consign listening and bubble watching to the history books when it comes to detecting air leaks in a busy factory? Mark Bakker, Field Application Engineer at Fluke, discusses.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION elieve it or not, in the 21st century there are still engineers tasked with listening out for the hissing sound of air leaks in noisy factories while others pour liquid on suspect piping and look for air bubbles to appear... much like looking for a puncture in a bicycle’s inner tube. A major diﬀerence, of course, is that many holes in a large factory’s compressed air systems are invisible to the human eye (and ear) and are almost impossible to locate using these methods. With the British Compressed Air Society (BCAS) estimating that as much as 50% of compressed air in a factory can be lost through leakage, engineers are spending huge amounts of time searching for leaks. At the same time, manufacturers are wasting enormous levels of energy – it’s reckoned that UK factories use 10TWh

of energy annually to create compressed air – while compromising significantly on productivity and output. Of course, there are many thousands of engineers who no longer rely on their ears and eyes to detect leaks and have turned to ultrasonic equipment that is less affected by noisy environments. A sound investment? Ultrasound scanning is certainly an improvement but unless you know where a leak is in the first place, some kits can struggle to find it and engineers essentially have to scan and hope for the best. Even when a signal is picked up that signifies a leak, pinning down its exact location can be extremely difficult. In addition, readings from ultrasonic scanners can be impacted by electronic interference that can result in them being unreliable and misleading. For factories keen to identify, locate and fix compressed air system leaks as quickly and efficiently as possible, boosting productivity and slashing energy overheads in the process, acoustic imaging represents the best option available to engineers looking to cut air losses down to as little as 5%. One solution to this need is Fluke’s ii900 Industrial Acoustic Imager. Rugged and ergonomically designed,

this hand-held device weighs 1.7kg and incorporates a 7” LCD display with backlight. Users can literally see leaks on the screen via a ‘SoundMap’. Even with limited experience, operators can detect air leaks quickly in noisy environments and from a safe distance, thanks to 64 digital microphones built into the unit. Leak volume and cost indication can be measured accurately while on the go and even CO2 emission reports can be generated by the ii900. With 20Gb of storage capacity, users can save readings as JPEG or PNG images or as MP4 videos. Data is gathered using Fluke’s LeakQ mode, designed speciﬁcally for capturing and analysing leak data to determine the size and type of leak – for example, quick disconnect, threaded coupling, hose or open end. With an acoustic imager, factory owners can expect not only to cut energy costs and increase eﬃciency but also protect expensive equipment which can be at risk of serious damage through system pressure being too low or too high.

VISIT THE FLUKE II900 INDUSTRIAL ACOUSTIC IMAGER PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE ONLINE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ017

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TEST & MEASUREMENT

Julian Grant from Chauvin Arnoux UK discusses a few modern-day issues with EV and PV systems that are becoming more frequent, and the revenue potential they can provide for the switched-on sparky.

SHUT OUT THOSE SHUTDOWNS t would probably be fair to say that electrical contractors spend most of their days designing electrical systems, installing equipment and wiring, or fault-ﬁnding existing installations, followed by the associated testing, inspecting and certifying. Many may have already added the installation of EV chargers to their portfolio, which although requiring training and the attainment of the appropriate qualiﬁcation, is now providing them with a new and lucrative revenue stream.

Lesser-known issues Not so well known, however, are the increasing numbers of customers that are having issues with their EV chargers

unexpectedly shutting down. This often occurs during the night and is only discovered in the morning when the owner goes to use their electric vehicle. Obviously discovering your EV has no range when you expected it to be full can be inconvenient to say the least. Aside from the EV charger being faulty or poorly installed, one of the main reasons found for them shutting down is due to a high mains supply voltage, with every EV charger having a manufacturer-set threshold over which they will not operate. The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR) 2002 state a permitted voltage tolerance of 230 - 6% +10%, and it is the responsibility of the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) to maintain the supply voltage to within these limits. Accordingly, many EV charger manufacturers set a maximum supply voltage threshold of 253 V, however, there are a growing number of EV owners experiencing problems, with mains voltages as high as 259 V being reported.

46 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

The same issue is starting to rear its head in the domestic PV world with grid tied inverters that should be exporting energy failing to do so and reporting high grid voltage alerts instead. Homeowners with combined PV/battery systems are then waking up to discover that batteries set to charge during the night on low-cost tariﬀs, simply haven’t. This is again caused by a manufacturer-set threshold designed to protect against overvoltage. While it is the DNO’s responsibility to maintain the voltage within limits, customers with EV and PV shutdown issues are ﬁnding the best way to get them to investigate and resolve the problem is to prove to them that it exists. To do this they need to somehow measure and record the mains voltage over time with something appropriately accurate. Enter the local electrician! The logging of electrical parameters in an installation is becoming increasingly common in the electrical contracting world

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for such things as maximum demand surveys, verifying electricity meter accuracy, PV/battery system sizing, and opportunities to optimise energy consumption in an installation through the identification of inefficient equipment and out of hours usage. These new EV and PV issues provide further justification for contractors considering the benefits of offering such a service. Get logged on Whether logging domestic installations for mains voltage compliance, or maximum current demand, or performing complete energy use surveys, the best solution is to use a single-phase portable power and energy logger like the PEL51 from Chauvin Arnoux. The PEL51 is a powerful tool that measures and records key parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, power factor, as well as power and energy usage.

It can log from a few seconds to a few months, with all measurements being recorded to a standard SD card which can be read directly with a PC. Alternatively, measurements can be retrieved via Wi-Fi or the integrated web server. The PEL51 is complemented by Chauvin Arnoux’s PEL Transfer and Dataview PC software packages which make it easy to analyse the results and to generate pre-formatted reports. As a professional measuring instrument, the PEL51 satisﬁes the need to have credible and accurate time-stamped data to provide to the customer, and with the ever-growing opportunities to utilise such a product, there has never been a better time for electrical contractors to invest in a PEL and open up a whole host of lucrative new work opportunities. VISIT THE CHAUVIN ARNOUX PEL51 ONLINE PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ018

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TEST & MEASUREMENT

ONE FOR THE CAMERAS For this product review, George Robertson gets his hands on the B11 handheld thermography camera from HIKMICRO. hermal imaging tools have become an increasingly important fault ﬁnding mechanism for electricians in helping us to ﬁnd those ‘hot spots’ before they ruin our day. Although there are a few options available on the market, I was pleased to have the chance to try out one of HIKMICRO’s stand-out products in this area – the B11. Having had the chance to put it into practice, I can safely say that it is an amazing tool. The unit is well built, ready to go straight out of the box and is easy to understand and use. Indeed, once the operator switches the power key on they are immediately shown a live view on the

camera screen. It’s simply then a case of using the upper navigation key to choose between Thermal, Optical, Fusion or PIP views. Colour choices The lower navigation key will then allow you to choose what type of colour palette you want – White Hot, Black Hot, Above Alarm, Iron Bow and Rainbow. There’s also a temperature colour alarm which informs the users of any ‘above temperature’ conditions they may encounter through the use of a built-in speaker and flash light. In use, it’s simply a case of the operator giving the unit’s front trigger a short press and you’ve captured a screenshot with all the relevant information on it. The image quality is high, offering 240 x 320 resolution (76,800 Pixels), with a refresh rate of 25 Hz. Additionally, the built-in Li-on battery will give you up to six hours of continuous running time. The camera has an inbuilt 16 GB flash memory, which should be more than enough to store up to 90,000 images, and it also boasts Wi-Fi connectivity. You simply download the

48 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

HIKMICRO viewer App, on either IoS or Android, and connection is a breeze. One advantage of this is that you then have a live view of the camera’s screen on your phone or tablet, providing you with the ability to change measurement, palettes, image mode, calibration and parameters from your device. It also allows you to view all device files, pictures or videos, and to download those files or share them. Another benefit of the App is that it enables you to create simple reports and edit the saved images on file as well as allowing you to upgrade the camera’s software. Reporting tools for clients Download the HIKMICRO Analyzer software to your laptop and you then have the ability to import images to the Analyzer. This will allow you to generate and edit professional thermography reports and send them to clients and customers via e-mail. Did I mention you also get a calibration certificate and a charger? Overall, I’ve had a really good experience with this product and feel it would make an excellent addition to any professional’s fault finding, inspection or routine maintenance tool kit. GET MORE DETAILS ON THE HIKMICRO B SERIES RANGE OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ019

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TEST & MEASUREMENT

THE ULTIMATE EV INSTALLER’S GUIDE ritish Standard 7671:2018: Amendment 2: 2022, commonly known as the IET Wiring Regulations, is the accepted safety standard for most low voltage electrical installations. Section 722 covers Electric Vehicle Charging Installations. Where the maximum demand on the installation, with the intended EV charging equipment connected, does not exceed 13.8kVA the Energy Networks Association should be notified. If the total maximum demand on the installation, with the EV charging equipment installed, exceeds 13.8kVA the District Network Operator (DNO) should be consulted before the installation work commences. DNOs will not usually consent to high current loads, such as EV charging

equipment, to be supplied from a “looped supply”. A looped supply is where premises are not directly supplied individually but are shared by looping the DNO supply cable in and out of premises. The DNO should be consulted to verify if there is any restriction on the capacity of their supply. Insurers may pose additional requirements on their policies for charging equipment installed inside buildings and where vehicles are charged near a building with additional risks such as a building made of combustible materials, extensive glazing and high-risk buildings. They may refer to a document known as RC59, published by the RiscAuthority. This document can be downloaded for free from the internet. Designers and installers should ask their clients if their

50 February 2024 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

In this article the team at Kewtech provide best practice advice and guidance on complying with the standards that cover EV charging installations, while oﬀering tips on the right type of equipment to carry out testing and inspection.

insurance company has been consulted for any additional requirements they may wish to impose in respect of the installation of the EV charging equipment. Circuit protection EV load currents may be continuous for extended periods of time. Manufacturers of distribution boards and consumer units may place special conditions for continuous extended loading on their equipment for periods longer than 30

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minutes or one hour. Data must be obtained for the chosen manufacturer’s equipment to verify any special requirements for continuous loading. BS 7671 refers to this requirement in Regulation 536.4.202 and 134.1.1. PME earthing systems An important consideration for EV installations is to verify the earthing system for the installation that the EV charging point is going to be supplied from. Whilst an earthing system may have the appearance of a TN-S system it may not be, due to cable repairs on the DNO network. If the earthing system cannot be verified by enquiry with the DNO it should be considered by default to be TN-C-S (PME). BS 7671 Regulation 722.411.4.1 forbids the use of PME earthing systems on EV installations unless special methods of protection are applied for vehicles that are intended to be charged outdoors. Regulation 722.411.4.1 provides four alternative measures that may be applied to protect users from PEN failures. Most reputable EV charging equipment manufacturers offer open PEN detection built into their products. Manufacturers should be asked to provide a Declaration of Conformity to ensure the required British Standards stated in 722 are complied with. Even if the earthing system is TN-S or TT the installation may be connected to an adjacent premises by common bonded gas or water pipework. On a TT earthing system, the consumers’ electrode will need to have a separation distance from adjacent premises having a PME supply with bonded buried pipework. This is needed to prevent impressed voltages appearing on the consumers’ electrode. Different DNOs will specify different distances but this is commonly around 5 metres. RCD protection Due to DC currents that may be present in the AC charging supply BS 7671 places special requirements in the selection of RCDs to protect against these DC components preventing the RCD from operating correctly. These can be found in Regulation 722.553.101. The EV socket must have additional RCD protection and this can either be on the supply to the EV charging equipment

or built in to the EV charging equipment. The RCD must either be a 30mA Type B RCD or a 30mA Type A or Type F with RDC-DD DC protection. The selected manufacturer of the EV charging equipment should be asked to provide a Declaration of Conformity specifying compliance with all of the standards listed in Section 722 of BS 7671. RCDs to BS EN 61008 and RCBOs to BS EN 61009 are required to have user test buttons to comply with their respective standards. An indication of non-compliance, or partial compliance with these standards, is the lack of a user test button. Inspection and testing Regulation 722.533.101 requires that a new individual ﬁnal circuit be installed to supply vehicle charging equipment. EV charging equipment cannot be looped together on a radial circuit, see Regulation 722.533.101. After the installation has been inspected it must be tested to verify if the requirements of BS 7671 Regulation 643.1 have been met. The Kewtech KT66DL Multifunction Tester is able to carry out the full range of the required tests with an instrument that is both convenient and intuitive to use. Live polarity tests, earth loop impedance tests and RCD tests can be carried out at the socket using test probes with the front fascia of the charging point removed from enclosure. However, this would amount to a breach of Regulation 14 of the Electricity at Work Regulation 1989 (EAWR) which forbids working on, or near, live conductors unless it is unreasonable in all the circumstances. There is an alternative to live working on or near live conductors and this is to use a special adaptor plugged in to the Mode 3 EV socket and hence comply with Regulation 14 of the EAWR. This adaptor needs to simulate the presence of a vehicle on charge to enable the tests to be performed. With safety and users’ convenience in mind Kewtech has produced the KEWEVA universal testing adaptor as a companion to the KT66DL MFT. The KEWEVA will

simulate the presence of a vehicle on charge and importantly veriﬁes that the handshake signal between the vehicle and charge point is correct. The KEWEVA can be plugged directly in to a Mode 3 socket on the charging equipment or, where the charging equipment has a tethered cable, into the vehicle end of the charging cable. The KEWEVA is connected to the KT66DL using the standard 4mm connecting leads and is able to facilitate the testing of both single phase and 3 phase Mode 3 sockets. When paired with the Kewtech KT66DL the KEWEVA the following tests can safely be performed: 1. Earth loop impedance tests 2. Type B RCD tests 3. Type A RCD tests 4. 6mA RDC-DD tests. In addition to reducing the shock risk the KEWEVA has the added advantage of not requiring dismantling of the EV charge point, saving testing time or the need to re-test after the EV charging equipment has been re-assembled. Employers are required to carry out risk assessments and then to produce method statements (RAMS) for work activities under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. It may be a consideration in the RAMS to use a Kewtech EVA adaptor as a control measure to reduce the risk of electric shock when testing EV charge points and to comply with Regulation 14 of the EAWR. VISIT THE KEWTECH KEWEVA PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE ONLINE BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ020

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Working on your own? Need some technical advice? Don’t know where to turn? Ask Megger. What it doesn’t know about installing and testing electrical systems isn’t worth knowing. Every question will be answered by the Megger Technical Team, and the best will be published in Professional Electrician. So, take advantage of the ‘every question answered’ guarantee today. email your questions to: meggermeasures@hamerville.co.uk

You ask: I WORK MOSTLY ON INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS, BUT INCREASINGLY THIS INVOLVES PV INSTALLATIONS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE EQUIPMENT. I’M STRUGGLING TO COPE WITH ALL THE DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS USING MY PRESENT TEST KIT, SO I NEED TO UPDATE IT, BUT I DON’T WANT A BAG FULL OF INSTRUMENTS TO LUG AROUND. ANY SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE CONVENIENT SOLUTION?

Megger says: Yours is a common problem and Megger has come up with a very handy solution: the new IMT100 multitester. In a single handheld instrument, this provides DC and true RMS AC voltage measurement, insulation resistance testing with surface leakage current detection, four-wire low resistance bonding tests, two-wire continuity and diode testing, phase rotation checking and frequency measurement. The insulation resistance functionality also supports DAR and PI testing, which is very handy for motors, and there are additional useful features like resistance, inductance and capacitance measurement. It even has internal storage for up to 256 test results. You’ll see that the IMT100 is incredibly versatile; you would previously have needed several instruments to cover this range of tests. The IMT100 also has a CAT III 600 V safety rating, so you can use it on any part of an LV installation and its rugged construction means that it will stand up to the knocks and drops of industrial use. We’re confident that you’ll find it’s just what you’re looking for.

GET MORE DETAILS ON THE MEGGER IMT100 MULTITESTER AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ021 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN February 2024 53

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TEST & MEASUREMENT

SUN SEEKING T

The experts at Test Instrument Solutions (TIS) shine a light on test equipment for solar PV installations while taking a look at the diﬀerent types of units available and what they do. here are various pieces of instrumentation available for testing solar PV installations, so this article will attempt to clarify what is required and when.

Irradiance meter with clampmeter This is a really easy way to establish whether a solar PV system is behaving as it should under the prevailing sunlight conditions. A good Irradiance meter will give the expected power generated by the sun in a reading of Watts per square metre. When utilised with an appropriate clampmeter, the user can measure the voltage and current outputs from the array to give the power output and therefore conﬁrm that the expected power correlates with the actual value measured. Solar PV commissioning instrument This is usually required to be used when installing grid connected PV systems and/or the requirement for MCS compliance. The Code of Practice for grid connected solar

PV systems (second edition) lists the following minimum test requirements derived from EN 62446: l Continuity of earthing

and/or equipotential bonding conductors, l Polarity test, l Combiner box test, l String open circuit voltage test, l String short circuit current test, l Functional tests, l Insulation resistance test. For small to medium installations, DC side MFTs are available with insulation and open circuit voltage tests of up to 1,000 V and short circuit current tests up to 15 A. For these types of applications, TIS oﬀers the PVCHECKs. For larger commercial and industrial installations there is now a requirement for insulation and open circuit voltage tests of up to 1,500 V, along with short circuit current tests of 40 A. The newly launched PVCHECKS PRO will carry out all of the requirements under the standards along with being able to test at 1,500 V and measure short circuit currents of 40 A. Maintenance of solar PV systems This is, of course, vital to ensure

the long term return on investment of the installation. One factor which can affect the performance of an array is if a panel has developed an insulation fault down to earth or has been wired incorrectly initially. If such a fault is detected, one way to find the defective component would be to disconnect each panel in turn to determine the offending unit, which is rather time-consuming to say the least. However, both PVCHECKS PRO and PVISOTEST have a game changing feature called ‘GFL’ – Ground Fault Locator. This setting on both units allows the user to pinpoint a faulty panel in a string of up to 35 with just one connection and key press. Of course all of the above is in addition to the requirements on the AC side of the installation covered by BS EN 7671 – but that’s a story for another day! BROWSE THE FULL RANGE OF TIS PV TESTING EQUIPMENT ONLINE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ022

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PRODUCTS & BUSINESS SOLUTIONS

VIPER ACTIVE he biggest crying shame around the journey of any inventor or attempt to bring a new product to market is that 90% of cases will rarely see the light of day. Whether it’s down to the money well running dry, production roadblocks and headaches eroding enthusiasm or potential stockists and end users not seeing the same value in the product as the individual whose brainchild it is, there are so many factors that can prevent a genuine ‘problem-solver’ from ever gracing the lives of those who it was designed for.

Breathing fire into the ViperClip This could certainly have been the case for trade professional, David Gray, who found himself in a ‘make or break’ situation when attempting to bring his new invention – the ViperClip – to market. He explains: “I, like many other professionals, am a big fan of products which make my job easier. The Scrulux Screw and battery powered driver are a good example of this and have been a great addition to my tool bag. I was, however, puzzled as to why I couldn’t find a cable clip that could be fired from a gun, rather than hammering each clip in one by one. As each year passed I looked for the introduction of this type of clip in wholesalers, but was always disappointed to find nothing had been launched.” David continues: “When I met my wife, Julie, she offered to help me create the product I’d had in my head for so many years and together we were able to develop our unique cable clip which can be fastened with a battery powered stapler. A neat fit system with multi-sized, multi-function

After waiting 20 years for a cable clip that can be fired from a gun to arrive, we discover how one trade professional decided to sink his fangs into the problem and create his own solution. clips, ViperClip secures cables with a precise, rapid strike every time – keeping every cable snug, safe and secure.” As is the case with so many other inventions, having a prototype or a ﬁxed idea is simply where the fun starts, as David explains: “We soon found ourselves down to our last few thousand pounds, with no income and a product to get ready for production. It was at this stage that we decided to apply for the BBC show Dragons’ Den.

“It's interesting to watch the episode back. We didn't realise how nail-bitingly intense it was at the time, but seeing it again reminds us of the diﬃcult decision we had to make. I suppose it's constantly been a case of making choices – whether to apply, how much to ask for and if we were conﬁdent we could demo the product in front of millions of viewers using a 3D printed power tool. Knowing what we do now, it was absolutely the right decision!” Indeed, that trip into the dragons’ lair has breathed new fire into the ViperClip offering, with the product now in full production, new stockists and distributors coming on board regularly

and a growing reputation as a genuine time-saving product. All clips are made from UV stabilised PP with a zinc plated steel nail. Fire clips include a steel metal bridge and are certiﬁed by BASEC to BS EN 50200:2015, aiding premature collapse under BS 7671. The ViperClip cable clip gun also includes two Lithium Ion 2.0Ah (36Wh) 20V d.c. batteries and oﬀers a charge time of around 30 minutes. Visit the ViperClip stand at ELEX Alexandra Palace (stand E136) and see the product for yourself! WATCH A DEMO VIDEO OF THE PRODUCT IN ACTION AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ023

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STRESS LESS When it comes to running an electrical contracting business, job management software can be a game changer. James Chillman, UK Country Manager at Fergus, lists five ways it can transform everyday tasks and reduce stress. n an era where innovation reigns, some businesses remain anchored in bygone days of paper trails and lever arch folders, which can lead to ineﬃciencies and unnecessary stress. Job management software harmoniously ‘wires together’ every aspect of your business, from scheduling and invoicing, to uncovering invaluable customer insights. Used correctly, it can energise and transform your operation.

1. Streamlined workflow Many business owners still find themselves tethered to outdated, paper-driven systems, leading to inefficiencies, cash flow hiccups and unnecessary stress. Job management software is a bit like a magic wand that takes care of everyday tasks like scheduling, invoicing and keeping track of supplies. This means you and your team can put your energy into the really important tasks out on-site and with customers, making everyone more productive. 2. Stellar customer connections Building strong relationships with your customers is the secret to a thriving business. With job management software, you can easily arrange and oversee appointments, set reminders and send automatic confirmations and updates to your clients. This ensures appointments run smoothly and keeps customers in the loop about any adjustments. 3. Anticipate in advance Using software that gives you a clear picture of your business helps you plan ahead, hire subcontractors and assign

tasks efficiently. You can easily track your day-to-day expenses, making sure you always have enough money set aside to cover costs. It’s also easy to track payments and deal with any late payments or unpaid bills promptly. Software like Fergus, for example, can send automatic text reminders for overdue payments, making sure you get paid on time. 4. On-the-go efficiency Thanks to the mobile-friendly nature of most job management software, you've got the power to stay connected anytime, anywhere, resulting in major time and cost savings. Your team can access their tasks and provide live updates from any location, ensuring everything from timesheets to inventory and invoices stay current. The magic of automation in this software translates to a substantial reduction in administrative tasks, freeing up your team to channel their efforts towards getting on with the job. 5. Peace of mind Being a business owner comes with its fair share of stress – managing payroll, invoicing and ensuring healthy cash flow can be overwhelming. Mishandling these aspects can make everything seem overwhelming and unmanageable. Job management software presents you with a clear visual dashboard, offering an instant overview of your ‘to-do’ lists and

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upcoming appointments. This software streamlines your operations, automates administrative tasks and simplifies communication, giving business owners the freedom to focus on more important things like their work/life balance. Although this might sound like an expensive undertaking on the surface, Fergus has made it easy for businesses of any size to use this type of software by introducing Fergus Essentials – a cost-effective software solution designed specifically for sole traders or small teams in trades-based industries. Priced from just £19 per user per month, it can track jobs, create quotes and estimates, manage invoices and keep your calendar and timesheets in order. By automating and streamlining essential tasks, job management software will allow you and your team to focus on what truly matters, driving stress down and productivity to new heights.

GET MORE INFORMATION ON FERGUS ESSENTIALS AND ACCESS A FREE TRIAL AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ024

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W IN

PRIZE DRAW

OVIA ASK O VA VIA

The column where you get to put your lighting questions to the head of the Ovia lighting business, Mike Collins, and his team of technical experts.

WHY ARE MODERN VAPOUR-PROOF Q FITTINGS NOT DESIGNED TO FIT ONTO CONDUIT BOXES?

WIN A BUNDLE WITH MORSE! We’ve got a fantastic prize pack to be bagged. When you’re on a job, time is money, so you can’t afford to trust cutting tools that don’t deliver. The inclusive blade offerings from Morse deliver quality and affordability, while helping you stay safe, productive, and confident with your workmanship. The 8-piece electrician MHS bi-metal hole saw kit excels when cutting ferrous and non-ferrous metals, wood, drywall, and composites, while the eight-piece Kraken carbide tipped hole saw kit is great for fibreglass, fibreboard, stainless steel, plaster, and laminates. The variety of hole saw sizes offer a solution for any space, while the tooth design and side slot make for faster and easier slug removal. Users can make quicker and more accurate cuts with less vibration and longer blade life. The 17-piece general purpose reciprocating saw blade kit provides a strong blade that is also flexible in tight spaces while the durable blade lineup tackles a wide range of materials with highly impact, heat, and wear resistant properties. Whether you’re working with machinable metals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastic, or wood, wood composites and nail-embedded wood, there’s a solution for any cut. Add in Morse’s heavy duty jab saw with an ergonomic handle that works with either a reciprocating or hack saw blade, and you’ve got all the cutting tools necessary to ensure a job well done. This month’s lucky prize draw winner will get their hands on a fantastic bundle containing: l 1 x 8-piece electrician MHS bi-metal hole saw kit l 1 x 8-piece electrician Kraken carbide tipped hole saw kit l 1 x 17-piece general purpose reciprocating saw blade kit l 1 x jab saw

The reason that the vapour-proof fittings are best suited to sit on jack chain with a nylon gland bringing the cable in, is to maintain the IP rating. When the luminaires are connected directly onto conduit through end boxes, the IP rating of the conduit containment becomes part of the luminaire’s IP rating as this essentially involves making holes in the luminaire for the fixing pins and cable entry point. If the gasket is missed off the conduit box that the luminaire is connected to, there is potential for water ingress into the light fitting meaning that it no longer holds an IP rating. With the fitting being a stand-alone product it is more likely to maintain the rating given. There is always the option of mounting the luminaire next to the conduit and having a Click Flow connector supplying the power through the nylon gland. What this would also offer is local isolation without isolating all luminaires in the circuit. Our Inceptor U-Lite, for example, comes supplied with non-intrusive mounting/suspension brackets and an IP-rated nylon gland for a robust install. Inceptor U-Lite is a slimline, non-corrosive utility LED luminaire, designed to offer protection against the elements. The gear tray and diffuser are detachable and can be disconnected and removed for lighter/simple installation of the base, whilst multiple positions for the terminal block allows greater flexibility for retrofit installations. The U-Lite also has a Molex connector to easily detach the incoming mains.

PUT YOUR QUESTION TO THE ASK OVIA TEAM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ026 VISIT THE ASK OVIA MICROSITE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ027

HOW TO ENTER ENTER THE FREE DRAW TO WIN THIS FANTASTIC PRIZE FROM MORSE BY FILLING OUT THE CONTACT FORM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ025

01827 300640 ww www.oviaUK.com w.oviaUK.com

Deadline for entries: 10/03/2024. Usual T&Cs apply.

01827 300640 ww www.oviaUK.com w.oviaUK.com

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IT’S A ‘THREE’ COUNTRY! Dave Roberts, UK MD at energy storage firm GivEnergy, explores the growing call for three-phase supply in the UK. or all the leaps forward the UK has made in terms of renewables, sustainable development, and energy eﬃciency, it remains a fact that supply to our homes predominantly uses pre-WWII electrical standards. The majority of UK homes run oﬀ a single-phase supply with one fuse. In previous decades, this single-phase supply was adequate. Today, however, our household electricity needs grow year-on-year. Modern homes are running one or more TVs, dishwashers, games consoles, electric ovens and tumble dryers, to list but a few. This isn’t to mention high-consumption households with electric vehicles, hot tubs, or air source heat pumps. As a result, this shift in the power landscape is creating a surge in demand for three-phase connections.

The push towards green living Coming into force in 2025, the Future Homes Standard is a government initiative requiring new homes to reduce carbon emissions by 75%. Notably, it omits electricity supply. This begs the question: if we’re serious

about delivering our energy efficiency targets, is it not important to ensure homes have future-proofed electrical connections? Installing single-phase supplies in new homes has been the norm since before WWII – back when lights were the main household load. Now, our homes do more. They must provide us with the energy to run much heavier loads, while also meeting future demands such as powering our cars, or providing flexibility services to others. The time, then, is ripe for an electricity supply upgrade. Changing home power needs A typical single-phase 240 V supply in a standard home allows circa 14 kW of power to be supplied at one time. This will generally cover standard devices and utilities. Now, let’s say you want to make a home more energy efficient and cheaper to run. So, you add some electric underfloor heating and perhaps an EV charging point. You invest in a large solar array, with a need to distribute generated power evenly. How about adding an air source heat pump or some home batteries

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to charge at a cheaper overnight rate? Soon, that 14 kW of power just simply won’t be enough. Let’s take a quick look at some single-phase loads: Electric vehicle on single phase: 7.2 kW Heat pump: 7.5 kW Shower: 10 kW Battery system charging at full power: 6 kW Hot tub: 3-7.5 kW Now, imagine two of these loads on at the same time, plus your normal household demand. In short, you need a three-phase supply – capable of supplying 100 A across each of the three phases. A fast-track to energy eﬃciency A three-phase supply provides higher eﬃciency and power capacity. In turn, it allows homes to scale up their solar PV and battery storage, plus enjoy faster home EV charging. We’re seeing a growing appetite for energy independence amongst bill payers – utilising the smart new technologies available to them. At the same time, the government is keen to fast-track the UK’s

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low-carbon transition. So, it is only logical to consider the electrical infrastructure required to implement these clean energy technologies at scale. The costs of a three-phase upgrade For new homes, added costs to housebuilders are relatively low for a three-phase connection. If government regulations compelled network operators to ﬁt new homes in this way, costs could lower still. Meanwhile, for existing homes, costs are circa £2.000 - £4,000 for an average conversion. There is also a case to be made for introducing government support for three-phase conversions in which the project paves the way for low-carbon technologies. Indeed, energy regulator Ofgem has even called for oﬀering electricity upgrades for free and ‘socialising’ the costs. So, there

are various options to make a three-phase supply accessible to all UK households. An exciting energy landscape ahead We’re headed towards an innovative future for our UK home energy systems where

more solar PV, renewable heat, energy storage systems, and EVs will be adopted. Plus, the latest technologies come ready-built for a three-phase connection. For example, more EV chargers are now three-phase models, and we at GivEnergy have just released a three-phase energy storage line in response to persistent customer demand. At the same time, we’re also seeing increasing ﬂexibility with smart tariﬀs and energy markets. The upshot is ever-more accessibility to achieve a low-cost, low-carbon lifestyle. Ultimately, three-phase connections can help make the nation’s homes ready for the bright future that lies ahead. VISIT THE GIVENERGY THREE-PHASE BATTERY STORAGE RANGE INFORMATION PAGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ028

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PRODUCTS & BUSINESS SOLUTIONS

DEMYSTIFYING DIMMERS Josh Hammerton, Technical Director at Enkin, answers some of the most frequently asked questions around dimmers and dimming technology. immer technology has revolutionised the way we control lighting in our homes and offices. As a crucial aspect of modern lighting systems, dimmers offer versatility and energy efficiency. But as technology evolves, electricians often encounter uncertainty when selecting the right dimmers for lighting setups. Here, I aim to shed some light on those common queries that we encounter around dimming technology:

What is the diﬀerence between leading edge and trailing edge dimmers? Leading edge and trailing edge refer to the points in an AC waveform where the dimmer cuts off the voltage to the light. Leading edge dimmers cut the voltage at the beginning of the waveform, while trailing edge dimmers cut it at the end. Leading edge dimmers are often considered traditional dimmers and are suitable for incandescent and halogen bulbs. They work well with resistive loads but may not be ideal for some LED lamps. Trailing edge dimmers are the modern solution to older dimmer technology, working well with LED and CFL bulbs. They provide a smoother dimming experience and are generally more compatible with electronic transformers.

master/slave setup, these multi-way dimmers reach a maximum load of 250 W, which means you can adjust the brightness of a much larger light setup, all on the same circuit.

Can dimmers save energy for customers and end users? Yes, dimmers can contribute to energy savings. By reducing the brightness of lights, dimmers consume less power, leading to lower energy bills. However, the actual energy savings depend on factors like the type of bulbs used, the dimmer technology, and the overall lighting system size, as well as eﬃciency.

How do I use the Enkin PDM250 dimmer in my project? The beauty of the PDM250 module is that there is no need for a master and slave switch setup. When setting up the PDM250 modules for multi-way dimming, wire as per the wiring diagram that shows one module with the live feed in, and load feed out. Then wire the remaining PDM250 modules in parallel to the ﬁrst on the same circuit. This allows the same setting and dimming position to be shared across all dimmers on that circuit.

What is multi-location dimming? Multi-location, or multi-way dimming, refers to the ability to control and dim a single set of lights from multiple locations. Up until recently, this has been achieved through a master/slave conﬁguration and the use of compatible dimmer switches. It's a convenient solution for large rooms, hallways, or staircases where light control is needed from various entry points. However, this technology for multi-location dimming has been rather limiting, with most multi-location dimming switches only reaching a maximum load of 100 W, meaning a smaller overall light setup.

What if I need a larger lighting scheme to work through one set of multi-way dimmers? With an Enkin PDM250 multi-way dimmer, there is no limit to how many dimmer switches you could have to control the same lighting system. Unlike a traditional

How should I then go about setting it all up? Enkin prides itself on its user-friendly, simple button setup. You can set the lowest level of light, the maximum level of light, reset the levels, and change the driving mode, all through the use of one button on the rear of the module. Not only does this mean a quicker setup, but it makes for a confusion-free installation.

VISIT THE ENKIN PDM250 MULTI-WAY DIMMER PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ029

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Ali Khan, EVC Business Development Manager at Vestel, highlights the growing EV opportunity for electricians and electrical contractors.

DESTINATION EV I

n the rapidly evolving automotive landscape of the UK, the surge in hybrid and fully electric vehicles (EVs) is unmistakable. With battery EVs and full hybrid EVs now accounting for a whopping 31% of new car sales (SMMT data), the seismic shift towards electric transport demands a complete rethink of how we fuel our cars and vans, oﬀering electrical installers and contractors arguably the biggest business opportunity since Edison had his lightbulb moment. Range anxiety is cited as the number one factor putting new car customers oﬀ buying EVs, with many stating they’re waiting for charging infrastructure to catch up. Yet this is an outdated concept, born of more than a century of refuelling vehicles at petrol stations, motorway services, and more recently supermarkets. This disparity has brought to light a crucial issue: these locations, with their limited space, are ill-equipped to cater to the extended time required to recharge

an EV compared to a quick petrol or diesel top-up. This challenge is reshaping our approach to vehicle refuelling, steering us towards a future where destination charging becomes the norm.

The final ‘destination’ Destination charging fundamentally alters the concept of refuelling. It involves charging vehicles at home – if and only if it is practical – or more likely at the end user’s daily destination – work, the train station car park, retail parks, public facilities and businesses both big and small that are handily distributed almost everywhere in the UK. The widespread installation of EV chargers in these locations is critical for developing a comprehensive and accessible charging infrastructure, thereby opening a vast landscape of opportunities for electrical contractors in the upcoming decade and beyond. Moreover, there are very compelling reasons why business owners and

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councils – anywhere there is a destination and a car park – should invest in installing one or more small EV chargers for customers, suppliers, their own fleet of vehicles or simply local residents. For example, retailers with customer parking facilities are in an enviable position to offer AC chargers for customer use. These can serve as a complimentary service for loyal customers, a benefit tied to purchase incentives, or even a source of direct revenue from commercial charging. This enhances the retailer's brand image by showcasing a commitment to sustainability, increases the time customers spend in-store and offers a potential 24/7 low-maintenance revenue opportunity. For non-retail businesses, providing chargers as an employee perk, either free or subsidised, will be increasingly seen as a ‘nice to have’ benefit. For businesses with trade customers, such as electrical contractors visiting an electrical wholesaler, subsided or loyalty-based

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charging will be a huge incentive for those customers using electric vans. The incentive could be as little as charging at ‘cost’ which is often close to half the price per kWh of commercial charge points – so costs the business nothing. The same electrical wholesaler can charge non-customers and passers-by at commercial rates for charging, making up to 30-40p per kWh per hour. That will be seen as sustainability positive, building goodwill locally by offering 24/7 local charging access to nearby residents. That applies overnight and weekends as much as it does throughout the working week, creating a sustainable revenue stream, even when the business is closed. With chargers offering credit card payments and RFID card access, separating charge rates between customers and passers-by is simply a matter of how the system is configured. Catering to small business requirements The notion that these sophisticated EV charging solutions are the sole preserve of larger enterprises is a misconception. Companies like Vestel, renowned for its expertise in this field, offer models like the European-made EVC04 and EVC10 that are tailor-made for small businesses. These chargers are affordable, reliable, and compliant with UK regulations, offering up to 22kW charging capacity with flexible, fully automated, and user-friendly payment options. The average commercial EV charging rate stands at about 75p/kWh compared to the current average electricity cost of around 40p/kWh (which can drop further at night) so the profit potential is significant. Just a single 22kW EVC10 charger installation can generate substantial hourly profits 24/7, and installing multiple units (if space permits) simply multiplies this revenue potential. You do the maths… Given the relatively low upfront investment for high-performance EV chargers like the EVC10, the proposition of installing EV chargers commercially is becoming increasingly attractive. This offers a huge potential for electrical contractors to market and install these systems to businesses and councils alike – any enterprise with a car park and mains electricity supply essentially. BROWSE THE VESTEL RANGE OF EV CHARGING UNITS ONLINE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ030

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With grants and incentives up for grabs, now is the time for landlords to invest in smart EV chargers. Here the team at Wallbox provides more detail.

ANSWER THE LANDLORD’S PRAYER s consumer adoption of EVs rises and the federal government hones in on incentivising EV charging for rented and rental properties, now is an opportune time for landlords to invest in smart EV chargers to future-proof their investment properties.

Take advantage of government incentives Building a network of smart home EV chargers is a priority for the UK government. To help spur the industry forward the Office of Zero Emission Vehicles (OZEV) has specified three types of grants for residential users, two of which directly benefit rented and rental properties. Not only are tenants renting a flat able to apply for current EV charging grants, but so are landlords for flats, and houses with off-street parking, something that was eliminated for owner-occupier houses in April 2022. The current grant covers up to 75% of the cost to buy and install a chargepoint socket, up to £350 per grant. So far the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme has supported over 177,063 domestic installations across the country. Attracting and retaining tenants As demand for EVs grows, prices for new EVs drop and second-hand vehicles enter the market, we can only expect smart

home chargers to become an expectation, rather than a perk for tenants. As the market grows, having smart EV charging available will help retain tenants in properties. At Wallbox we know that 80% of EV charging happens at home, meaning that EV drivers not only prefer to charge at home, but they expect to. Aside from the convenience of home charging, there are also financial incentives for making home charging accessible to tenants. Some industry experts suggest that consumers could save £230 a year simply by charging their car off-peak, which can be scheduled through platforms like myWallbox. It is also possible that tenant access to smart EV charging becomes a national standard. In 2019 the government began consultation on introducing a requirement for charging infrastructure to be built into all new homes. If passed, England will become the first country in the world to mandate electric charge points in all new homes – which will further drive demand from tenants in both new and existing rental properties. The environment The UK now produces over 50% of its power from low carbon technologies, which will ultimately help the lifecycle emissions of EVs. There are clear environmental benefits for installing smart

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home charging units, like Wallbox’s Pulsar Max that can not only charge with self-produced solar energy, but prioritise charging with more sustainable energy both by charging when energy is cheapest – which usually aligns with when it is also greenest – and by tapping into utility run demand response programs like Octopus’s Intelligence Octopus Go Tariff. Contributing to a greener society Smart charging allows drivers to shift charging to periods of lower overall demand for electricity (overnight, for example) or high renewable generation (particularly windy or sunny weather), ultimately contributing to a greener UK. Pulsar Max is Wallbox’s future-proofed smart charger from the brand’s best-selling product line, Pulsar. The unit is IK10 approved, meaning it is designed specifically to withstand indoor and outdoor use. It’s also simpler, and therefore faster and cheaper to install, and importantly has advanced intelligence ensuring it not only offers the smart charging features of today, but is future-proofed for the software upgrades of tomorrow. BROWSE THE WALLBOX PULSAR MAX PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE ONLINE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/EAZ031

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Products IN PRACTICE

Ovia lands airport hangar lighting scheme London Southend Airport is the UK’s fastest-growing regional airport. A recent project to deliver a major refurbishment and new build of a hangar at the airport included a lighting scheme provision, and Ovia was the number one choice of the contractor leading the works. Partnering with Prowired The company responsible for the electrical installation was Kent-based Prowired Electrical Contractors, which oﬀers a wide range of electrical services throughout the south east region. Prowired undertook the project following the relocation of a specialist aviation company to the Southend Airport site. The aviation company in question carries out repair, service and maintenance of aircraft, and the overall project involved design consultation, full installation for the new hangar and associated workshop area, as well as the refurbishment of the oﬃces. A long established relationship between the Ovia Regional Sales Manager for the area, Reg Oldrey, and Danny

Edmonds, Director of Prowired, led to Ovia securing the lighting part of the project. After completing a detailed lighting design scheme, a range of Ovia lighting solutions were delivered to site for installation. Commenting on the collaboration with Ovia, Danny said: “There were very tight deadlines on this particular project and with the restraints on materials availability continuing to be an issue, it was a challenging job to get over the line on time to suit the client’s relocation from their existing premises. “We knew, however, that we could rely on the ability of Ovia to quickly come up with the right lighting design scheme for the job and to deliver the right products in the right quantities at just the right time. This meant we were able to hand the job over on time.” A range of lighting solutions from Ovia’s extensive portfolio were selected, with the contractor citing the quality of the products as well as ease of installation as key criteria. In the hangar itself a selection of highbays and emergency LED signs

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provided the lighting solution. The highbay fitting selected was the black Ovia Grus and a total of 17 of the 100 W LED 1-10 V dimmable highbays along with six emergency versions have been fitted. The Grus highbays were fixed to the ceiling using the surface brackets, to provide the finished look required by the client. For the emergency lighting provision two of the 4 W emergency LED maintained box exit signs in white and showing the ‘Up’ legend were chosen. Over to the panel

For the office area Ovia specified the Inceptor Slate low glare LED backlit panels, with 35 of the fittings installed to meet the requirements. The Inceptor Slate backlit panel is a range of TP(a) rated backlit panel lights with a low, <19 UGR diffuser, making them suitable for a range of installations and working environments. The Building Regulations Approved Document B2 (buildings other than dwelling houses) places restrictions on the use of certain thermoplastic materials when they are used as lighting diffusers

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