عبد الحكيم العبد على طريق التنوير العربى الحديث

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. ) B@ , > 2 6 J 1(, 2 ) , % ,= .PQS / J 1 , J , ) ,B 1F . @ , ) ,B 1PQ Y , . F # < 13 * J ? . , J

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... ( ! .( PQY Z M 1* / 9 J 1 B + .( PQYS 13 B , ) , ,= > 1< < /( . )! 1, ) 2 , 95 ,. .K 1 9) 1 G 1 B :< , 2 /= ! . I ! .( PQYY , B.M F ) P J 1, ? ) Z o , .@ ;. :L > . / ! . F. . ( 9 1( PQ Q J + ( PQ P

@ ,)2 1( / 3 2 + 1 BG : 0" ( & / ! .( PQ , J 1, 9 ) / H .( . J C ) 1(" .@ ("B 3? : ! 6 1$ > $ ' :(56E+ /1E9 ) . % ! )% ' Q R ! < 3 J9 R R 1 . J <. < < R . / P YY 1< >J 1 J 1P 2 1 G @)2 < < :(- A55 ) ! Y

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F ) / J + ( PQ 2 ? J 1 ) ) ) $ . .( PQYP .( PQYP F ) 1 J 1 ) ) 3 .PQ /P J 1 ) % ,) 2 < 1$ F B 1< @D , . ? , 9 : ' . .( PQ , 1 / 9 , B ,. :, $ % . : ' = . I .( PQY 1$ , 95 9 1A ( :( / Pg – EE1) 8 ' = .$ 1< . 1( / M 8@ + /PQ 1 "> 1C % * < "C * 1C % :

.( PQSY /P _Y , ) 2 J 1A / .+ .T , G 2 ' , + 1N D ,. :. % S .( PQS 1 @.B+ M 7 ( ' < ) .@ 7 2 := L > /P Q , 6 J < = , ) ,= > 1J . .@ Z .( PQY .PQYS /P QS D F ) J 1(B \ : > ' 0 6 .) @ 9) 3 B :( / _ $) . ... ' % ' B % + #. > 3 # 8 < # # 1(; >@ #= G2+ , 2 F I , 2 J 1 < / (". – ' ( / M – < + .PQS_ /P __ P Y J 1, ( ) 6 , (".' :(( 5A6: ) Q R Y % <. + , H" >2 :(". ( B . 1 ) . / .( PQYS , B.' 3 p 1 .2 1$ G 1(" .' , B , "? – (B + (".' : )% Q R 2H % .( QY_ $ 1* , B $ 1 9 R . ) 9 6 :(`J $ ) , = . % Q

* / 9 * 2 ,8 > J 1P 2 ) ( 9 ) 3 U * 2 ( % .PQSS J PQ g – PQ * / 9 ,) 2 7 B < ; 9 – < @D , . .R 9 < , . \ > ( PQS F ) >) – * 2> ; ? < 9 < . \ 1< @D , . * 2 *& % .( PQYg * / 9 , ) $ . . – A ? , . . F ) P J * 5 ,@. : > % .PQ N B , 2 , B J 1(PQ Y – P__g) ) * : 8! 8 : BG . := R8 1$ , ) ,8> 1, / 2 , ) * 9 ,. 6 0 ,D .( PQ_g .PQSY 3 B J ,H" 9 8% .(PQYP ) ) 3) J 3 ,. . #B ) 9) :( ) : 8 :(5A71 ) % 8 .P_Yg , . 3 B J – ) (" + .PQY 3 B , ) , ,= > J 9) < ,. ? .PQ_g 1PQY_ 3 B J 9) , B , 2 .PQ Y /P * / 9 – G 2 J 8 2 (> = & ) .PQS / P _ N B , 2 , B J 7 ) # < .PQSg , . F ) J , * 8 3 ) 5+ .( PQ / P YP "> J HG ). * 5 ( G . G 6 A - (PQ P * 6 J) PQY 3) J < ( ' ( ) R" ' 9 / (3 ) (" +) , J 7 .PQYP 3 B 7 .,? K H – 3 H , B J (, ) * . .( PQQ . 1 "> J 1l . 1P 2 1PQ_g F ) J < % . :S 8 g

, , = > , 95 * G J , ) ,D : 0 ' . % F I , ) , ,= > / , ) , B , . . 3 B , ) ( ) 3 a < @ , ; 2 6 A - .PQYg / P Qg , 95 * G – , 2- – P __ @ gS "> J N ?+ $- 9 3 , B - : . :Z % .PQS_ ((" ) 3 B , ) , ,= > J B < : % ' . S J .( PQYY .k K H 1 J% – , " < " , J * . #9 : H; : . S J .(PQ Q 3) J (".' / 0/ , 5 3 B < 2 & G2+ – P J > 3 + B@ .( PQ /P / , 9 3 B ( 3 (" (2 $ . – , + ( % : ' 8 . V< .( PQSS .PQ P ,2 ? – , ,) J ) 3 : = 0 : ! < $ 1 K F # 2 1< . 2 .@ 0 0 , 2 B . .,? K H ,5 ? 6 G $ + PQP < > B $- 9 + < – $ 3 – , G B + .$ ,) J J PQYY ( B . , 2 PQ _ – .PQ Y F ) J .@ ; ? < 9 3 ) < H" / 5I , H" C 2 & X : ' ' . < .PQYQ , B.M – , ) , ,= > J P 2 – 2> .( PQY_ 13 B , ) , ,= > 1 Z ' , )% L> /F > . < : *% <

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M , 8' # 2 < B 3 #2> :O ! # 3 B 9 (5 < " ( ) ,J. PQ S , . ,D # L> ,8 > ,) J J B – 3 ) 2> 9 " .PQY F)8 ,/ B PQSP J ( > :PQ Q – 599A % ( & H .Qg \ ?X *+ 2 (". . , 2 (".' ,8> + 2> 6 < 9 , ".' * 8 :( " H – P SS – J – $ ) ; > 1* + > / P _Y J < 2 $ – ) 3 B 2 ? PQ Y .( PQSY & 9 + R < :< . < + 3 J + ( / – ,6,) , ) J , B ,B J 1 1 1P 2 ( / SPS – _) B ) .PQ S /P YS J – @J .PQYg ! ,) J , B – $ G2) :S ' : 8 % )% . .( PQ_P 1, B.' 1, ) 2 F ) 1 D . . B@ .( PQ_ 1, B.' 3 X 1 D . . B@ $ 8 .( PQ _ 2 J 1, ,@. :S H . : )% ) . 2 H .(k K H) , B.' , ) 2 , 95 ,..K – 9 3 $ . P J < ) < 9 < 6 B@ 9 J . PQSS F ) .( PQ_P $ – # B , B J , ) ,H" ,@. $ 8 .PQYS F ) J * 8 ) 8% %

9 J>J 6 , * . – <J ( ? 3% < G , :X > ! = . PQ _ J < 2 . ., J , J , B :S

, B .M – , ) 2 ,% D . . B@ : 8 % )% . .PQ_P . 2 J 9 – < C9 < \ # . @J < ,@. :( ) % .PQYg , 95 J – , ) ,D : ' . D 0 1 $ 1, . ,. . – ,. . B / : ! . .( PQ_ /P g /P J 1W ( . ! :( / SP $) . 9 ( . < T 2 < .. ! ' ()! G < F < BG + < 1 R .PQ_P /P gP B@ 1( / SYS $) ) .PQ ! ,) J , B ? M . N /+ : L > . 9 : % !& G : )! ' )! . % ' \ 8 ' = 8 (E" 0 $ B R ) PQS – _ $ – J G J9. J < , = . 9 ? ? 6 L / , . .PQY – P Q F ) PQ _ $ 2 3 B J C l 2 $ D @ . G 9 /P _P $ J L P L ($ G ) (G - ( G .PQSP . Y / J 1F ) 1< , = ; 9 1< @D , . /G ; + R (E" 0 ) > 6 ) &") + = . .,? K H ,5 1 ; 9 – / QgQ – _ _) . ..( - % . % ' O ) ; :(P g – P .A 32 T . 2 , D 9 + 6= D J? ,?.

, . ,?. < / 1 ,) 2 $ . " . < ,?. G 2 < " ( ) J ) ( ) , $ / 2 - := 0 ' .$ F J 9 J , . = 8 :(D >- /_ ) I) S >) K R , = 9 P 1Sg_ ( % $ , B.' ,) 2 , B ,?. # P_QQ .F F $ 2 ; .+ ; J – 6 2 :(- 5,A ) . % ? . 5 3 B PQPP : . .PQY – 6 J ,8> J 2 < G .( PQY ,8> ,) J J 3 ) 2> 9 .PQY 3 B , ) , ,= > J – ) < ) F 6 I , . , :( 8 H / P , ) ( 9 – P J 6 < :< . < 5 . < , ) 2 , % – J – L> ".' ? 9 L> – , B.' ,) 2 # % PQY , B.' – , ) 2 , 95 ,..K J 5 ) 8% < .Y gY – ( 9 ) 9 5 ) 8% < – 3 , C < .PQ_ , ) 2 ,% .PQ _ (PY ) ) 3) J + , 2 * < :B ' :5A:9 I ! L! ., 2@ – , J 2 J ,8> / .PQY F ) J – < . ? )

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3 ( % M 6. < 9 = + < 3 J : ' . .N B F ) 1 1 1P 1, ,. . $ B0 :(PQ S) !- . .Y_ 1YY 1YS ( . . ,)2 1 < , 2 13 , C /K) B ! ' /P Q 1, 2" ( ) 3 a < @ , ; 2 13 J? .PQY , ,= > J 1 @J . , 2 ) B@ :O ! .PQ_g 3 B , ) .PQ S ) < , 2 – J ,D #9 : % )% . < F ) J – W ; . , 2 – 2 < , % : ! ' ) .( PQSQ

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3 /G , 2 , . @ , & 68 F , . @ , & .(; ? 2 ) ( PQYQ P J . , ) ,) 2 > B ,5 , ) ,8> , ? $ . .< , % ) * @. 95 F 6 . ( ) , , 2 8 . BG . .; < ,) 2 0 .+ ( B $G + . J , ) , ) $ . >) H @ . 3 ,)2 ,J? ., . PQ , . ) 3 B J ( ) , * G 3 ) 3 + < 3? B G G) ( 2 < + + B.' + # #) 2 .3 J N D ,. $ ? C – F + , B < 2 – PQ M PQ /P /P < V 2 < , . , 2 ; > > % ., B.' ,) 2 – 3 a , B , B , B.' ,C . , B.' ,C , B , < @ (".' 2. , B P ,9 D – P g , . 2 V , 2 – (".' – , B.' .PQSg ,) J – P 2 – , ) ,D 6 2 , 2 2 PQ P 2 PQ Q , . 2 , B.' ,) 2 3 a , B , 2 .PQ ._ PQS S , 2 – 3 – ( /G , 9 ) /PP /PS – Y 2 2 – , 2 – /G .(( C) ) 9 ) PQYP B ; . + 3 /G 3 , ? , , + , > , 2 3 ) ,D P G – P 2 2 (C B =. / – < . < B & a – . ) (" M * G J PQP + ,5 , 9 , 2 ; %- ,B – 9 g \ Y / /P . "> . % . G G) . ( 9

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/Y /P (< . .., ) , 95 9 ) : Q P / S * / 9 – ,@ – ( / 9 Y \) :YS / /S (`J $ 9 < J < . ' ( ) :Y .( 3 2 BG . .( PQ_ / /P_ PQY /S / Q ( ?+ .( PQ_ + PQY + (, 2 ) ) Y 2 PQ , . # 9 P 2 :, ) ,?. – , ".' F ) * = :3) .< ) < 9 F ) J – 2 < ) < 9 F ) * = 6 J < B T ?M – H @ F ] * . , ) , . .( PQ Q 3) P Y_ 3) J % K M ( B <X 9 C @ ; >@ (2) . / .( PQ S (< ) + J C @ ; >@ (2) .( – P \ ) , ) ,) 2 (2 ) .( g \ / ) ,J. , ) (2 ) ,) J – , ) ,D 6 2 8 1 M 1* 8 (2) .( PQSP / P _g , 20 $ J – , B 8 F I 1, ) @ K (2 – < @ K (2) .$ ) & M .( PQYQ $ – < " ( ) – J B G < ? (" ' # ( ? 9 . * ). J G @ < 2 – J ; 9 .PQP / PQ @J /S g) ( B < < 2 1 C < - 3 ) < . ; > $ 6 - J < * J / P gg , J ( / YPP . & F I , ) , ,..K 1P_SS # B B J > < + 1 < @ $ "J F B .( PQSS J ? 1PQ Y < >J

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, ) J ( PQ J ; M < J + ; M F I / G B M ) ; 9 .* / 9 , ) ; M , ) J ( PQYg Q J ; M < J + ; M F I G B M / ; 9 .* / 9 , ) ; M . $ ,B 1$ <. J ( 68 – G 2 M / ; % .( PQS_ < , B J – .F . /

.J J? – * / 9 ,) 2 – 3 a , B – 7 B .2 < 2. 2 :( PQY – PQ , ) 2 = . 2 – YSQ Q S ( % Z M – ( B ( C ( / GB M ($ . ' ) .YY Q * / 9 ,) 2 ,?. (% – QYY – YgS – S – S (% 2 < R" . ( 9 1PQ Y M PQ Y < , ) $ J J? >) J .( PQ Y .( PQY * / 9 – 3 B , ) , ,= > $ J , = % . F ) – ( PQ S – PQ + % , . . – 3 B "

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with revisions 1961 First Published as Galxy Book 1962 second Galxy Print. 1963. Graves, Robert: - Lawrence and The Arabs – London Cape 1928. Cuillaume: Alfred – 1965: - Islam A Pilican Book Published 1954 Aylesbury Britain. Gwarzo, Dr. Hasan Ibrahim: - The life and teachings of Al – Maghili – with Particular reference to the Saharan Jwish community. R - Ph. d. thesis – London University 1972 No 31 – research data Bayero university Library – Kano. Mach. Iavilli, Niccolo – 1469 – 1532: - The Prince with introduction by. Christian Gauss translated by. Luigi Ricco revised by. E. R. P. Pincent. a montor book New American Library – times merror, inc. 1952. (Mark. K. & F. Engels: - Manifesto of the communist partty Foreign Languages Press – Peking – 1975 (1st ed… 1848, London: Mattin).

A Dic. Of soc. sciences (Bourgeois) Nadawi, Sayed Abu Lhasan Ali: - Faith versus Materialism the message of surat… Al Kahf academy of Islamic research and publications Luchnow (India) Arabic 1st ed. Kuwait 1971 (Urdu 2nd Ed. Luchnow 1976 English 2nd ed. 1976 Translated by Muhuddin Ahmed. Nietsche, Friedrich wilheim: - 15/ 10/ 1844 – 25/ 8/ 1900 Thus spake Zarathustra translated by A. Tille revised by m. m. Bozman introduced by Pascal. Litt. D. Every man's Library – Dutton: new York. ISBN: 0 460 01892 2. Pichard H. porkin, Ph. D: - AVRVM Stroll, PH. D. edvisory aditor. A. V. Kelly, M. M. (Oxon) Philosophy made simple – made simple booke W. H. Allen – London A howard & Wynhkam company 1979. Ficktall , Marmaduke: - The Meaning of the Glorius Qur'an Tex and explanatory translation Taj company LTD Karachi – Lahore – Rawalpindi (not dated). Pickthall, Marmakuke: - The meaning of Golrions Koran, an explanatory translation London, Allen & Uniwin (1948).

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