Professional Studies 1 [Re]House A Single Family Suburban Dwelling Prototype on the US - Mexico Border US Solar Decathlon Competition 2019 Entry
Manchester School of Architecture 2018/2020 Master of Architecture Year 1 Hani Namirra Abdul Nasir | Kimberley Androliakos | Nicholas Cheng | Anahita MK | Derek Ng | Ethel Ng
[Re]House
DESIGN CONCEPT TEDDY CRUZ ON BLURRING THE CONVENTIONAL BOUNDARIES “Our site of intervention is the factory itself, utilizing it’s own systems and material production and prefabrication in order to produce surplus micro-infrastructure for housing.”
A SINGLE FAMILY SUBURBAN DWELLING PROTOTYPE SpaceLAB’s mission is to design an energyefficient suburban housing prototype that could accommodate a family of four that incorporates adaptable/interchangeable sustainable technologies that are applicable to the six different twin cities with extreme climates across the United States-Mexico Border, which are San Diego-Tijuana, CalexicoMexicali, Nogales-Nogales, El Paso-Ciudad Juarez, Del Rio-Ciudad Acuna and Brownsville-Matamoros.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
Residential
The idea behind the [Re]House were based on our case studies on Teddy Cruz’s concept in blurring the conventional boundaries between Tijuana and San Diego, Fernando Romero’s utopian vision of a prototype city with dual nationality and free-trading; and locally produced materials of the vernacular Mexican dwelling.
Retail
Place of Worship
?
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GRID
This self-build one-storey house is designed in a modular grid system that consists of an open courtyard that is located in the middle of the house that allows cross ventilation, three bedrooms, a kitchen, a dining room, a living room and a multipurpose room that could be used as an office or a guest bedroom.
Residential
Commercial
Education
Mixed-use
DESIGN STRATEGY
CO2
The design focuses on using sustainable technologies that can be adapted to the various climates of these six sites across the United States-Mexico Border. These design strategies and technologies are integrated to improve building’s resiliency, as well as occupant comfort and productivity.
Designed in a modular grid system
Using locally produced and recycled materials
Affordable Selfbuild Home
A Community Endeavor
Make it Resilient to Extreme Climates
Make it Comfortable: Target R-Values
Reduce Carbon Footprint
Integrate smart house system
THE USA-MEXICAN BORDER THE SIX SITE LOCATIONS
USA
Ri o Br ow ns vi lle
o
el
Br ow
ns
vi
D
el
78
lle
El
D
El
Pa s
es
co
og al
N
le xi
ie
Ca
Average Precipitation (mm) Sa n D
2
S C N og ale an P D al as x Ri es ico ieg o o o
H AVE L
17
go
39.8 60.2
EXTREME WEATHER OR NATURAL DISASTERS
42
Temperature (oC)
$936
$1,004
9.5
14.5
19.4 $1,261
41.5
49.9
41.8
58.5
54.7 %
og al e El s Pa so D el Ri Br o ow ns vi lle
50.1
45.3 %
58.2
$1,035
11.4
21.3
13.8 %
N
n Sa
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
co
go
45.7
55.7
44.3
54.4
Renters (%)
og al e El s Pa so D el Ri Br o ow ns vi lle
$1,569
$2,874
7.1
Vacant (%) Rent $/m
43,200
165,300
32.8%
le xi
Brownsville
57,617
ie
22.2%
D
Del Rio
Ca
22.2%
Homeowners (%)
El Paso
27,929
30.7%
34,734
Nogales
205,000
co
le xi
D
Ca
n Sa
26.3%
71,481
Calexico
13.1%
Median Household Income ($)
San Diego
ie
go
RESIDENTS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
HOMEOWNERSHIP RATE
N
3.3
567,400
PROPERTY AND INCOME
Property Value ($)
AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE
684
37.3%
San Diego
39,750
El Paso
182,110
36,007
683,000
20,355 Del Rio
Calexico
1,410,000
Nogales
Mexicali
U.S.A.
Brownsville
Nogales Ciudad Juarez
Mexico 220,292
Tijuana
1,049,792
1,033,000
Ciudad Acuna
U.S.A. Matamoros
216,099 547,000
1,500,000
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME
35 H AVE L
14
5
Nogales
22.1%
Juarez
25.3%
Acuna
23.6%
Matamoros Mexico
HOMEOWNERSHIP RATE Homeowners 35.5% 42.0%
68.8 %
Renters 17.3 % $750
Vacant
ex i
ju a Ti
ca li N og al es Ju ar ez Ac un a M at am or o
23.9%
M
Mexicali
MX$ 243,712 = USD$ 11,680
27.6%
Average Precipitation (mm)
Tijuana
na
s
RESIDENTS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL (2010-2015)
MX$ 1,310,750 = USD$ 62,814
EXTREME WEATHER OR NATURAL DISASTERS
72
36
634
Population
M N at ex Tiju am Acu Jua og a r ez le ica ana or na s li os
3.6
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Density
Transportation Availability
CONCLUSION Both sides of the border cities experienced frequent flash floods, extreme heat and wildfires. Calexico and Mexicali has the highest temperature and low precipitation levels. There is a huge difference between Mexico’s and USA’s average housing price and the median household income.
M
AVERAGE HOUSING PRICE
Temperature (oC)
AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE
Mexico
12.7 % The statistics shown here are based on the year 2018 Hani Namirra Abdul Nasir | Kimberley Androliakos | Nicholas Cheng | Anahita MK | Derek Ng | Ethel Ng
SITE LOCATION CALEXICO-MEXICALI
Calexico is situated within the Imperial County, California and is adjacent to its twin border, Mexicali, Mexico. The proposed prototype is situated west to the city of Calexico.
Signal Road
111
Calexico
Possible new street
Calexico
98
Mexicali
Site to test the Prototype
Border
US-Mexico Border River/ Canal Interstate Highways Solar Panel Supplier
Timber Manufacturer Cement Supplier Recycling Centre Site Location
ali Carr. A Mexic
MATERIAL RESOURCING Possible new street
Its location on the US - Mexico Border provides border access between large transportation hubs such as San Diego, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Baja California creating employment and economic opportunities for international and domestic trade. It is easier to resource the materials locally between the border and site.
Mexicali
EXISTING RESIDENTIAL TYPE In Calexico, most inhabited homes had three (37.4 %) and four (29.6 %) bedrooms while in Mexicali, most inhabited homes had one (28.6 %) and two bedrooms (45.5 %). Based on the data shown, Calexico residents live in mostly single family homes. *There is no data on Mexicali’s residential types. (%)
(%)
One
0
Two Sand with some Gravel
20
Sand with Gravel
Water Table
Sand with Gravel
37.4
40
Four > Five
Townhomes
15.1
Three
29.6
The topography of the location is mostly flat with some slope terrain. The soil is mostly sand and clay which would present a problem to pick a suitable foundation for the prototype.
80
THE PROTOTYPE FLOOR PLAN
Condominium
10.9 1.9
45.5
Three
TOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL
12.5
28.6
Two
60
2.9
Apartment Mobile Home
4.3
One
71.1
Single Family
9.3
21.4
Four
3.8
> Five
1.0
THE PROTOTYPE SECTION
A
1
9
7
3
4
9
Section A-A B
7
B 5
4
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 6
8
3
8
0.5
1
1.5
4
2
2.5m
2
7
5
7
1
Section B-B
1
2
5m
4
3
1. Entrance 2. Utility Room
A
0
le 1:200 0
2
4
2
6
4
8
6
10 mm
8
10m
0
2
3. Kitchen 4. Living Room
4
6
8
5. Dining Room 6. Courtyard
7. Bedrooms 8. Bathrooms
9. Dining Room
10 mm
Hani Namirra Abdul Nasir | Kimberley Androliakos | Nicholas Cheng | Anahita MK | Derek Ng | Ethel Ng
THE SMART HOUSE SYSTEM
BASIC PACKAGE
Included in every location
The “Smart House System Package” are incorporated into the prototype depending on the location, climate and the needs of the users. The “Basic System Package” is applied to all the prototypes located at the six border sites. The “Optional System Package” or “Additional Package” are options for the users.
Solar Photo-voltaic
Solar Water Heating
Underfloor Heating
Greywater Treatment
Composting
Water Feature
Wind Turbine
Dew Catcher
OPTIONAL PACKAGE
Geothermal System
SAN DIEGO-TIJUANA
NOGALES-NOGALES
EL PASO-CIUDAD JUAREZ
DEL RIO-CIUDAD ACUNA
BROWNSVILLE-MATAMOROS
BASIC PACKAGE U.S.A.
Border
Mexico
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY
Lights off Charging appliances:
Family wakes up and gets ready for work and school.
4:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Family left the house
Everyone is at home
Appliances on standby:
Appliances in use:
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
8:00 AM - 4:00 PM
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
6:00 AM - 8:00 AM
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
12:00 AM - 6:00 AM
scale 1:50 0
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INDICATIVE ENERGY USAGE IN A TYPICAL DAY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
scale 1:100 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5m
1
2
3
4
5m
10:00 PM - 12:00 AM
Family is preparing for bedtime
Appliances in use:
SOLAR ENERGY REQUIRED
Household Energy Requirement 9000 kWh per year (minimum) Required Solar Panel Area 34m2 (320 Watt Panels)
LESS ENERGY IS REQUIRED
HOW OFF GRID AC/DC SYSTEM WORKS
The programme is distributed so that in most instances only one side of the house is active at a time meaning less energy is required to create a comfortable internal environment.
During the day when the house is not occupied, energy that is generated can be stored to be used later in the day during peak hours.
Battery Storage AC Loads
Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Charge Controller AC/DC Inverter Grid Source
DC Loads
Hani Namirra Abdul Nasir | Kimberley Androliakos | Nicholas Cheng | Anahita MK | Derek Ng | Ethel Ng
MATERIALITY
A
ENTRANCE
B
KITCHEN
MATERIAL These are the main materials used in the prototype. Timber is used as the main structure, cladding, flooring and interior finishing of the house. Blown Cellulose Insulation is primarely made of 80% of recycled newspapers. It is compacted within the wall cavity minimizing air leakage and infiltration which greatly reduces heat loss and convective air currents.
Timber
Blown Cellulose Insulation
Concrete cast in situ
LIVING ROOM
TYPICAL PROTOTYPE DETAIL A- Double roof 18mm OSB roof covering 100x50mm timber battens placed at 600mm centres to enable PVT panel fixing Waterproof barrier 18mm OSB 100x50mm timber battens 18mm ply board finish on underside of roof deck
B- External wall 22mm treated timber cladding – white stained larch board 27x35mm horizontal battens 27x35mm vertical counter battens Waterproof layer 50mm EPS rigid insulation manufacturer to be specified based on prototype location. To achieve U-value 0.44 m2K/W 18mm OSB 200x40mm timber stud wall with densely packed blown cellulose between studs U-value of 0.03 m2K/W held in with netting 18mm OSB Vapour control layer 35x27mm horizontal timber battens service void 15mm treated newspaper wood
TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF THE PROTOTYPE
Casting concrete foundation pads below ground level reinforce with steel caging
Timber frame columns and beams
Add timber stud walls, floor and ceiling joists
Waterproof panels
Flooring and external cladding; and roof covering
Internal walls, ramp and other finishes
Kimberley Androliakos | Nicholas Cheng | Anahita Mk | Hani Namirra | Derek Ng | Ethel Ng