Interiors URBAN
Rediscovering Downtown Living
Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings
Rooftop Gardens
An exclusive look at downtown revitalization in Winston-Salem, NC
Contents Letter fromfrom the Editor . . . . . 1 Letter the Editor Design Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Design Thesis Elements of Design
Elements of Design
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Line
Texture Texture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Light Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Color Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Space Shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Shape Form
Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Principles of Design
Principles of Design Balance
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Harmony
Harmony. . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Emphasis
Emphasis. . . . . . . . . . . 44
Rhythm
Massing . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Scale
Rhythm. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Massing
Proportion . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Proportion Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Letter from the Editor
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Hello readers! I'm Hannah Faye Sanders. Ever since I was little, I've always been surrounded by art and creativity. My mother is a graphic designer and by father is a photographer, so I'm always seeing and learning about all the elements and principles of design! Not only does having an artistic family inspire me be creative, but also growing up in a city that is notoriously know as “The City of the Arts� also known as Winston-Salem has made me love it as well. Over the years, I have grown to love the idea of designing interiors of buildings and living areas. Ever since then I have noticed more and more the elements found throughout the downtown arts district of WinstonSalem as well as the principles of design. That's why I have created this magazine to show how you can incorporate all of these design element and principles into interiors of urban living!
Hannah Faye Sanders, editor
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Design Thesis
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With the Winter season fast approaching, and as many of us in the design industry are wrapping up our calendar year, let us not forget to recognize this final quarter of the year as a time of preparation for the upcoming year. This is the time to consider prospecting for new clients, doing a little rain dance to attract RFPs, completing existing projects that may lead to phase 2 as the calendar rolls over and simply discovering new and exciting opportunities for future business. Along with preparation and discovery, the final quarter of the year is traditionally a time we at Urban Interiors set aside to research industry trends and understanding their significance to your community and to your business. When researching new trends you can anticipate both the familiar and perhaps the not so familiar as applied to Elements of Design and Principles of Design. However, who among us can dare say they know everything there is to know about lines, texture and space or have mastered all aspects of balance, harmony and rhythm – pertaining to elements and principles of design? Interior design can be compared to other aspects of art; either we are imitating what has already been done, or we are responding to a desire to achieve the new and the different. In art we see it the finished expression on the canvas, in design we see it in the expression and texture of our environment. And all of this brings us to this current edition as Urban Interiors explores new trends in our urban environments by highlighting one community and its efforts to resurrect historic buildings in the midst of a thriving downtown through an adaptive reuse approach to design - all while respecting the past histories, the present needs and the future potential of the community. Join me as we discover WinstonSalem and quickly feel the visceral textures and fiber of this vibrant community as they lead the way in the new trend of adaptive reuse.
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LINE
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Straight Horizontal Lines Horizontal Lines promote a feeling of relaxation and peace. They are long and can make objects appear longer than they actually are.
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Straight Vertical Lines Vertical lines can present a challenge to the viewer. They are not as calming as horizontal lines,but Vertical Lines provoke a notion of strength when used in any structure, even your home. Such lines can also elongate the height of a room, or entry way allowing for a dominant open and inviting space.
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Curved Flowing Lines Curved Flowing lines provide a relaxing feeling. They are soft and look elegant. They provide a sense of movement as the viewers eyes look upon them.
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TEXTURE
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Implied Texture Implied Texture is the surface of an object that appears to have some sort of texture, but is actually smooth. This particular texture is not one that is felt, it’s an illusion or implied texture that gives off the appearance of being 3-D.
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Non Reflective Non Reflective texture is a texture that has no reflective qualities and does not mirror an image back. Usually non reflective texture portrays a more relaxing and casual environment.
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Reflective Reflective textures mirror an object back or reflect light that comes from a window or other various forms of lighting, such as lamps. Also, dependent upon the vibe you are trying to convey from your space, it can greatly be determined by the texture in your room. For example, a shiny tile floor can elevate the elegance formality of the space, while a non reflective wood or carpet floor can warm the feeling and provide a relaxed casual environment.
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LIGHT
Task Light Task Lighting is one of the most used types of lighting due to its various uses. It can be used to set direct light when a person is working to complete a specific task such as reading, studying, cooking or just wanting to draw attention to something special. Task lights can be the only form of lighting in a space or they can be placed with other types of lighting.
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Natural Light Natural light can make a space feel more open and bright in a room with windows. Essentially no electricity is needed for daytime natural interior light.
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Floor Lamps Floor lamps are another very popular form of lighting. Floor lamps are used many times for decoration and to provide the space with a visually appealing type of lighting. They also allow larger spaces to be illuminated versus table lamps because of the height and the reflection off the walls.
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Table Lamps Table lamps are some of the most used lighting in spaces, both residential and commercial. They come in hundreds of colors, shapes and styles. They are used both for conventional purposes to provide lighting in the room, as well as to provide decoration.
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COLOR
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Analogous Analogous colors are colors that are next to each other on the color wheel and colors that complement each other. The analogous scheme allows you to use adjacent colors on the wheel that build in whichever gradation of tone you prefer. With this scheme, you can utilizes the hues and tones to really round out the color in your space.
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Complementary Complimentary colors are directly across from one another on the color wheel, and using a variety of these hues in one room can be exciting, stimulating and is a great way to really personalize a space.
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Neutral Palette A neutral palette is a nice alternative to having colors in a space. Neutral palettes provide a sense of unity. A neutral room will automatically calm a space and further the relaxed atmosphere. A neutral palette can work well anywhere.
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SPACE
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Positive Space Positive space is any object that takes up space in an area. This can include furniture, lamps, artwork, and many other 3-D things taking up negative space.
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Negative Space Negative Space is the space between and around certain objects in a room. It is the area that surrounds the positive space. Negative space signifies the space in a room that is not being taken up by something.
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Crowding Territoriality Crowding occurs when a space has many different things happening in one room. It can appear cluttered and messy as well as cause too tight of a space.
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SHAPE
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Abstract Abstract shape is a shape that does not have a particular name and is derived from other geometric shapes. Abstract shapes often appear in modern homes.
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Geometric Geometric shapes are seen more commonly than abstract shapes. Geometric shapes include rectangles, squares, triangles and circles.
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Natural/Organic Natural/ Organic shapes are shapes that appear to have appearance and flow. Often times they have curves and are made from natural objects such as wood
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FORM 28
Geometric Geometric form are the most common forms presented in spaces. They include squares, rectangles, triangles and circles.
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Natural/Organic Natural forms are forms that appear to come straight from nature. They are often times unfinished and have a rough look about them. Natural, organic formscanbe characterized by loose lines that have no geometrically defined shape. The fluidity of natural forms can also break up the repetition of geometric shape sand forms in the room while balancing nicely.
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Abstract Abstract forms are forms that are taken from geometric forms, but altered into an unknown shape. Abstract forms usually appear as focal points, or points of interest in a room because of the unusual appeal they typically carry.
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BALANCE
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Visual Symmetry The placement of objects are identical to one another on either side creating visual symmetry. This can be achieved with furniture, wall decorations, lighting, even patterns and many more things.
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Visual Asymmetry This is a more relaxed type of symmetry, yet still does a lot to the layout of the space. It may be achieved by the use of similar objects and shapes arranged together but not creating symmetry at all, yet still creating a well ballanced asymmetrical area.
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Visual Radial Symmetry Radial symmetry occurs from elements of a design branching out from one central point. This can bring a peaceful, dynamic feel to ones desired area.
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Structural Radial Symmetry When trying to develop structural symmetry, it is usually carefully thought out by defining the definite shape on either side of a structural object to create symmetrical balance. For example in this picture, the designer had to make sure the sinks, lights and wall decorations were aligned perfectly in order to achieve this symmetry.
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HARMONY
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Unity through Line When developing unity through the use of lines, the lines can usually run the same way being parallel, or they can run perpendicular to each other. If used creatively and accordingly, lines of furniture, prints, color, ect., can create a great since of unity.
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Unity through Shape Using shape is a great way to create unity. The use of similar shaped objects throughout the space can be very powerful in how a room feels and comes together.
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Unity through Color Incorporating a similar color throughout a room can be a great use of the element to create harmony and unity. It can pull the room together in a simple way and create a clean look as well.
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Variety through Color By combining different colors to add variety to a room, the room can become more vibrant and personalized. According to how you use color, it can create an abstract feel or certain mood, along with balance and harmony.
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Variety through Materials Using different materials in a room could result in an unorganized look that doesn’t go well, but if used creatively and correctly, it can create a well balanced area. It can also appear cozy and warm.
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Variety through Furniture When it comes to adding variety to room, most people t]stick to color and decorations and overlook the furniture. How about incorporating colorful or odd shaped furniture to the mix.
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EMPHASIS
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Focal Point -Visual A focal point is used to draw a persons eye to a certain area or point in a room. It is usually of importance to its surroundings and in many cases can stand out and become the focal point because of its color, placement, size, shape, style, or even material.
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Focal Point-Structural Just like a visual focal point, a structural focal point is used for the same reasons to draw ones eye. This is usually by something built into the existing environment, but with odd shape or size like this fireplace.
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MASSING
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Actual Density Actual density is when an object has physical density as well as looks dense. For example the granite counter tops in this kitchen show the thickness and solidity of it. We of course also know how heavy granite is.
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Optical Density Optical density is a little different. This is when it appears to be taking up space but actually does not just like this clear shower door. Although it cuts off its own space in the room, it still is not very dense.
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RHYTHM
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Repetitive Rhythm through repetition can be created by repeating anything throughout the room. However, usually it is through the use of line, color, pattern, furniture, or even structures. Along with rhythm, this can also create a harmonious feel.
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Contrast Rhythm can be created through contrast because it creates a balanced feel with its light and dark attributes. Natural light or light furniture and dark wall colors or vice-versa are a great way to create contrast in a space.
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PROPORTION
Object in Proportion with Space Proportion is the comparison of the relative size of parts to a whole. In order to created a very proportional space, one must make sure the parts of the space are proportional to each other. For example, wall decorations compared to furniture compared to wall space. Correct proportion is very important to a successful room.
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Objects NOT in Proportion with Space In design, an object can be disproportional to the space around it if the object is not equal to its corresponding space. For example the picture frame in this picture is disproportional because the wall space around it is a lot bigger and empty compared to the frame.
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SCALE
Human Scale Human scale has to do with size of objects, furniture, ect., in relation to the size of people and their surroundings. With everything in a room being at a human scale, the room will not appear to be overwhelmingly small or large. Scale can play a great role in the comfort of a space.
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Symbolic Scale This type of scale is used to symbolize objects in different ways like a change in color or size.
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Urban Interior Principles and Elements of Design Rediscovering Downtown Living Hannah Faye Sanders