Mānuka

~ Leptospermum scoparium ~

MYRTACEAE

‘Mānuka’ is the Māori word for this species of Tea Tree, which is endemic to Australia and New Zealand and has been used for generations by the First Nations People of both countries. The honey produced is almost identical in medicinal value to the Australian Jellybush Honey, which is derived from L. polygalifolium. Bioprospecting also reveals other Leptospermum species (such as L. nitens, L. rotundifolium and L. speciosum) contain equal if not higher medicinal value. Tea Trees are also particularly important for the survival of our native bees, who harvest the nectar alongside birds, hoverflies and other beneficial insects. The term ‘Tea Tree’ comes from a time when the leaves were steeped with boiling water to make a healthy brew.

WHERE TO LOOK

Mānuka is prominent through the rocky areas, sandy heaths and watercourses in lutruwita (Tasmania) and Victoria. It can also be seen heading up the east coast from southern New South Wales, tapering out in South-East Queensland. Found in the company of Queen of the Bush, Paperbarks, Happy Wanderers, Acacias and Eucalypts.

Locations → Queensland: Mooloolah River National Park and Mount Coolum National Park; NSW: Budderoo National Park and Royal National Park; Victoria: Gariwerd (Grampians) National Park and Churchill National Park; Tasmania: Cape Deslacs Nature Reserve and South Bruny National Park; SA: Mount Gambier Forest Reserve.

FEATURES

This evergreen shrubby tree grows 2–5m but can also reach heights of 15m. The small flowers are 8–15mm and most commonly white, rarely pink, with five petals and many stamens. Leaves are 10–20mm, sharp to the point and slightly prickly. Its woody fruit is 5–7mm, nut-like and borne on the stems and branches.

FLOWERING SEASON

Spring and summer → Mānuka blooms from October to February.

TRADITIONAL USES

The leaves have been used to ease fevers, and the bark to treat forms of gastroenteritis and create a relaxing effect when chewed on. The honey harvested from the bees that pollinate the flowers impedes microbial growth, draws moisture out of wounds and contains many essential minerals and vitamins. It is medicinal, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical (providing health benefits) and can be used internally as well as topically on wounds and burns. It’s also been used as an insect repellent.

PLANTING

This plant is quite widely available online and at nurseries. You can propagate from seed or cuttings or purchase tube stock. It tolerates frost, appreciates both sun and shade, and will invite some wonderful wildlife into your garden.