Big Civic - Play Lake - Applied Technical Studies by Hasan Jamshed

BIG CIVIC

PLAY LAKE EBBSFLEET WELLNESS CENTRE

HASAN JAMSHED - 144037052 UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER MACH YR2 2021-22 Applied Technical Studies 02 Report TUTORS : Peter Sillver & William McLean

Key 1. Stairs Spandrels 2. Reinforced concrete Stringer 3. Thick Screed 4. Stairs 5. Handrails & Baserails 6. Balcony Modules 7. Reinforced Steel Frame 8. Exterior Roof 9. Exterior Wall 10. Ornate Rammed Earth Shape 11. Window Frame 12. Window Glass Glaze 13. Structural Framework 14. Floor Structure 15. Columns 16. Piles 17. Sheet Piles

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EXPLODED ISOMETRIC

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CONTENT Introduction - Brief 01: A Place In A Time - Brief 02: Reimaginng The City Masterplan Programme - Thesis: The Big Civic - Play Lake - Technical Priorities

Excavation / Site Preparation 04 05 06 07 08

- Environmental Assessment Materials - Excavation | Retaining Structure Strategy

Structural Framework 09

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Rammed Earth - Rammed Chalk Earth - Procurement - Rammed Earth Production - Prefabrication - Rammed Earth Installation - Rammed Earth Production - Components & Modules

- Overall Structural Framework - Structural Framework - Formation - Junctions

Construction Phasing & Sequence 17 18 19

Yellow Cobbled Road 13 14 15 16

- Yellow Cobbled Road - External Staircase - Yellow Cobbled Road Detail - Exterior Facade Detail - Material Palette

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- Phase 01 - 03 - Phase 04 - 06

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Conclusion

Bibliography

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Environmental Strategy - Hydroelectric Power

INTRODUCTION DS21: The Big Civic Tutors Gill Lambert Geoff Shearcroft Play Lake is a project that started from the investigations into the local region of Ebbsfleet, Kent within the context of developments within the New Garden City. The project is set against Blue Lake lies between an existing and new community. The project aims to behave as a visual and social connector between the two regions.

LOCATION

Location Blue Lake, Ebbsfleet Garden City, Kent

BIG CIVIC

Background Information

Project Outline

The site of inquiry is Ebbsfleet, which is located in the Kent districts of Dartford and Gravesham, England.

The studio will be exploring civic infrastructure that brings together diverse organizations and user groups for the benefit of residents of the city. DS21 has an ongoing interest in how form, material, and the uses they encourage can evoke joy, an emotional response that impacts the daily lives of their users and supports a civic society, contributing to a balanced ecology.

Ebbsfleet is the site of the UK’s first proposed garden city in over a century. The master plan’s vision for the garden city is realized with some stages of construction completed.

By exploring a particular civic type, individuals will develop personal definitions of civic infrastructure that host connections between national institutions, regional organizations, and local groups. An engaged understanding of the organizations will allow the brief to explore the beneficial symbiosis of organizational and architectural scales. The proposal The new high-speed transportation link to London will be particular to the neighbourhood and the drastically transforms the desirability of housing organizations, both to the place and people of in Ebbsfleet, with residents in Ebbsfleet having a quicker commute into central London than residents Ebbsfleet. within London’s greater boroughs.

SWANSCOMBE PENINSULA

NORTHFLEET

Together with recent infrastructural developments, the high-speed 1 train line connecting Ebbsfleet International Station to London St Pancras within 30 minutes, the area is undergoing drastic changes to see-through completion by 2035.

SWANSCOMBE

EASTERN QUARRY

EBBSFLEET CENTRAL

SPRINGSHEAD

The framework was completed in 2017 and developments are underway The new housing is aimed at Londoners who are struggling to join the property market within the city, but with the high-speed train, new residents can maintain a connection to London and live within a desirable location within the garden city.

Brief 01: A Place In A Time In the first semester, the Studio set out to propose a Landmark at a location of our choosing. The Landmark needed to be of significant value to the region, connecting to the qualities of Ebbsfleet. I proposed a playground that is made out of a kit-of-parts configured to its location, the kitof-parts modules relate to notable architectural archetypes within the area. The proposal challenges the typological conventions of Playgrounds by not having the activities of the on a single datum but allowing the boundary of the play area to be dictated by the varying topological landscape that Ebbsfleet has to offer. It is at this early stage the narrative of play and activity began to take route.

PLAY CITY OF EBBSFLEET

Brief 02: Reimaginng The City Masterplan Programme The studio set a brief to reimagine the existing master plan with a specific focus on developing a new vision for the city for how residents live together with a sense of place. A focus of our proposals will be the relationship between homes and the civic infrastructure that supports the communities of their residents. The group master plan proposed was titled “The Playground City”, which aimed to be a sensory place for exploration and adventure to the otherwise mundane experiences throughout the city. Each street has its character and pattern, every day is enriched by joyful interventions. The structure of the playground city comes from a reimagined Cartesian grid. Every play needs a set of rules, but it also requires the rules to be broken. The Final Project, Play Lake, is set within this master plan.

Key Recycling & water-waste

Townhalls & community centres

Ebbsfleet international station

Arts

Pubs & nightlife

Railway lines

Sports, recreational & Wellbeing

Youth centres

30min boundary

Library & museums

Parks

Thesis: The Big Civic - Play Lake The final project will speculate a new vision for the Blue Lake within the context of a reimagined proposed master plan for Ebbsfleet. Sited at a junction between Northfleet and Springhead, the project aims to connect the two communities by activating the lake through the proposed interventions that would be publicly accessible. With Northfleet having one of the largest amounts of chronic health issues in Kent, together with regional businesses and development organizations incentivizing a push for healthy living, the project program is a health and wellbeing hub. The project aims to focus on preventative care rather than clinical care. A combination of learning and leisure activities aims to have a playful approach to the conventions of a health and wellbeing centre.

Technical Priorities Play Lake is a new Health and Wellbeing Centre in Ebbsfleet that takes advantage of the scenic natural landscape of the blue lake. The proposal nestles into the quarry edge to create a vertical connection from the street level above to the waterfront level below. It also connects along the length of the quarry edge of the lake as a visual connector. There are important structural challenges such as: - How to securely set up a framework for the proposed health and wellbeing centre to nestle into the quarry edge? - How to capitalize on the landscape characteristics through the material build-up of the proposal? - Can the proposal use its source of energy from its surroundings?

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT MATERIALS Geology Ebbsfleet has several places of exposed chalk bedrock that form a distinctive characteristic of the landscape and Blue Lake is one of them. Ebbsfleet Garden City is located within two geological zones: the Greater Thames Estuary alluvial clay and the North Kent Plains chalk. Blue Lake is located on the chalk pit that was as used a quarry for cement until 1933 when quarry workers hit a natural spring 14 feet below the water table and it formed a lake overnight.

Topography

Ebbsfleet Soil As Indicated on the Geology map, the aggregate of the area of the Blue Lake is made up of Chalk. Chalk has the qualities of having large particle sizes and being porous. However, chalk can be well suited for rammed earth construction if a stabilizing agent is used in the rammed earth mixture. Traditionally a ratio of up to 10% of cement is used as a stabilizer, once the ratio is formulated correctly the rammed earth compound can achieve optimum strength and weather resistance. The importance of this is greater in this proposal as the entire length of the building is facing the lake and will have a higher level of water exposure.

Ebbsfleet’s topography is characterized and formed by the Ebbsfleet River Valley and the area’s history of quarrying activities. The low laying areas along the Thames River Bank and quarried areas are flat. Due to its low-lying landforms, the river’s water fluctuation, and the open views of the Thames, the site’s topography provides opportunities for distinctive viewing points.

Rammed Earth Rammed Earth, when well compacted, can achieve up to a 98% solidity rate. Before using Rammed Earth as a construction material samples of the soil mixture needs to be tested with a compressive strength test. The ratio of aggregates depends on the particle size of the earth from where it is extracted, the mixture ratio is guided by ‘a particle size curve’.

SITE ISOMETRIC

EXCAVATION | RETAINING STRUCTURE STRATEGY Key

Site The foundational baseline for the proposal relies on the preparation of the site, the management of excavated earth, and retaining the surrounding chalk earth along the extent of the site is crucial to enable the design proposition to be nestled into the chalk quarry cliff edge.

1. Concrete Retaining structure 2. Reinforced Steel Frame 3. Surrounding Quarry Earth 4. Rammed Ceiling Component 5. Rammed Exterior Wall Component 6. Rammed Floor Component 7. Exterior Staircase 8. Balconies 9. Vegetable Garden

SITE - INITIAL PHASE

Subtraction Implementing the techniques used in the first semester, the form of the excavated site is carved out of primary shapes to formulate varying interfaces between the proposed building and the quarry edge. This is experienced at numerous points around the overall proposal that a user can experience.

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The excavated chalk earth is to be reused for the rammed walls, floors, and ceiling components of the proposed building volumes. The rammed earth elements are to be reinstated into the site to create the overall form of the proposal.

SITE -SUBTRACTION

Retaining Wall Structure 6

The outer surface of the excavated site is a retaining structure that securely holds the surrounding earth at the back and sides. The retaining structure is made out of concrete and reinforced steel. The presents of Ebbsfleet’s cement factories is still felt, but it’s soon to be a part of its industrial past. As this proposal aims to connect new residential communities with those from the eroding manufacturing history - the use of existing local trades workers is essential to build a sense of ownership for the existing residents. SITE - POST EXCAVATION PHASE

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RETAINING STRUCTURE ISOMETRIC

EXCAVATION | RETAINING STRUCTURE STRATEGY

SITE PREPARATION PROCESS 01. The construction process starts with vertical support beams that go down 35 meters below the top of the chalk quarry. Simultaneously, the excavation process begins.

03. Once the excavation of the site is completed, a crane is placed to help install the structural framework of the volumes and rammed earth components that are installed in a later phase. Also, datums on floor levels are marked out and temporary floors are installed to aid in the construction process.

02. As the excavation process continues, temporary sheet piles are installed around the perimeter of the site to retain the surrounding quarry. The Sheet piles are braced were required to maintain strength throughout the excavation process.

04. Foundations are prepared to the lowest level of the proposed building. Where the lake meets the ground level at Approx. 25 meters below the top of the quarry, which is where the ground level of the proposal.

05. Piles for columns and building cores are prepared on-site and Sheet piles are installed around the perimeter of the foundation boundary. Also, prefabricated reinforced concrete retaining structure is installed onto the rear end of the quarry edge. The retaining structure is composed of modules that slot into one another.

07. As the proposal is divided into levels the steps down the cascading quarry edge, the ground surface contours to the shape of the geometric volumes of the building. Hence, reinforced chalk earth is re-instated back into the site to build up the ground level at varying floor levels.

06. The retaining wall structure along the rear of the building is completed and the erection of the building cores and columns begins.

08. As the groundwork’s reach a floor level height, a concrete retaining structure module is slotted into place to create the secure base layer. Also, columns are raised to meet the level of the datum floor level. 11

EXCAVATION | RETAINING STRUCTURE STRATEGY

Key

09. As shown in Diagram 09, the ground level steps down from tiers to the bottom at the water level.

1. Chalk Quarry 2. Retaining Structure 3. Structural Vertical Piles 4. Pile Columns 5. Columns 6. Building Core 7. Foundation - Pile Cap 8. Temporary Vertical Structure 9. Temporary Floor 10. Bracing Brackets 11. Crane 12. Reinstated Chalk Earth

The retaining structure is completed once the form of the outer layer is completed. The crane and temporary floor stay in place to help with the installation of the rammed earth components modules that will be installed in the next phase of the construction process. Again, the procedure of the build-up starts from the bottom up, and once a level is completed then the temporary structure and floor are removed.

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RAMMED CHALK EARTH PROCUREMENT Rammed Earth Rammed Earth construction is a primitive method of erecting walls to form buildings, dating back decades. Rammed Earth has in recent years has found a resurgence in popularity due to its low emission / low impact onto the earth. Resources for rammed earth construction at Ebbsfleet are easily available with their high quantity of gravel, clay, and chalk; all of which are good compounds for rammed earth. It is also relatively cheap, strong, and requires simple technology.

Chalk Quarry Texture

Rammed Earth Production - On-Site

The design modules are built up of components that are installed with a hybrid of traditional manual techniques and prefabricated components that are arranged off-site.

The most common and traditional method in which rammed earth is constructed undergoes a labour-intensive process.

The complex formation of volumes to create the overall form of the proposal requires this procurement method. Separating the production and installation would increase the yield for quality control, efficiency in production time and climatecontrolled conditions means it will be economically more viable.

Traditionally, manual hand Rammers are used to compact the earth within the framework

01. 100 -150mm tall concrete footer is laid along the required length of the wall. Frameworks are assembled with bolts on top of the footer and then the rammed earth mixture is poured.

03. This process is repeated. 04. Once the desired height is achieved, leave to cure and dry for a couple of days.

02. Pneumatic Rammers or Manual Rammers are used 05. to compact the moist earth to reduce the height Remove the framework and bolts. Fill any gaps to make the layers of the earth (normally 300mm with the rammed earth mixture. high).

Various locations will require on-site production that will have to be coordinated at the time of technical design - manufacturing & construction.

The rammed chalk earth is a critical element of the design proposal, forming the baseline characteristics of the design. Rammed chalk is light in complexion compared to traditional rammed earth, which has a darker brown hue. Nevertheless, Rammed Chalk would tend to slightly darken over time due to weathering and it is being a mixture of rammed chalk and stabilizing agents.

Procurement Rammed Earth

Rammed Chalk Earth Texture Pneumatic Rammers

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DESIGN PROPOSAL - FRONT ELEVATION

RAMMED CHALK EARTH 01. Rammed Earth is poured onto a footer within a framework.

Rammed Earth Production - Prefabrication 5

Mechanical prefabrication alleviates physically strenuous labour on-site and expedites production.

02. Earth is compacted and a Trass-Lime Mortar is placed at equal intervals.

This proposal’s construction process is logistically complex and efficiency in production needs to be achieved to compensate for the length of time it takes for the site preparation phase to be completed.

03. This process is repeated.

The most strenuous task of rammed earth construction is filling and compacting the mixture within the framework. A machine has been developed that automatically distributes the earth within the formwork and mechanically compacts the earth with a moving rammers. There is still a great deal of manual labour involved in this method but a lot of it is alleviated by the machine.

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The machine allows for thinner walls to be erected with a reduced margin of error. Also, taller and longer segments can be manufactured. Afterward, elements can after be cut to size and then partly assembled. These elements and components can then be installed in order on site.

04. Concrete/ Steel beam is placed in location and framework is removed.

Key

1. Rammed Earth Wall 2.Conveyor Belt Track 3. Pneumatic Rammers 4. Loading Container 5. Framework Rail

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Prefabricated Rammed Earth Components in Warehouse

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Erosion Prevention To control erosion barriers are integrated into the build-up to decrease the flow of water. Erosion checks made out of trasslime mortar are placed at intervals throughout the layering process whilst ramming. This is more crucial in this proposal as the building will be exposed to greater levels of moisture from the lake.

TYPICAL INTERIOR WALL ISOMETRIC

TYPICAL EXTERIOR WALL ISOMETRIC 14

RAMMED CHALK EARTH

WALL COMPONENTS

Rammed Earth Installation

FLOOR COMPONENTS 1

Prefabrication of rammed earth components will bring a leap forward in terms of quality and quantity. Rather than employing a large team of labourers to rammed earth in situ, the crane could quickly mount finished components to the position. The integration of other subcontractors for other trades can be seamlessly implemented when components are configured into their form quickly.

This requires close collaboration between construction documents and production, the process of fabrication and construction is critical. Prefabrication of components means length, depth and height need to be specified according to design specifications. Also, constraints to the loading capacity of transportation and on-site cranes to mount components need to be considered.

Interior Wall 1

Standard Floor 1

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Key 5

WALL COMPONENTS

1. 300mm Rammed Earth Facade 2. 140mm Mineral Wool Insulation 3. 150mm Rammed Earth Wall 4. Heating Pipes 5. Ornate Rammed Earth Shape 6. Window Gazed Frame unit

Rammed Earth Components Installed with Crane

Heated Floor

Exterior Wall

INTERIOR WALL WITH STRUCTURAL BEAM

EXTERIOR WALL

ORNATE EXTERIOR WALL WITH GLAZING

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EXTERIOR WALLS 1. 0.1mm Finish Surface 2. 100mm Rammed Floor 3. 120mm Concrete Sub-floor 4. 20mm Sound Insulation membrane 5. Heating Pipes 6. 1mm Foil 7. 120mm Insulation 8. Thinset undercoat 9. 20mm Mortar 10. 150mm x 150mm x 30mm Jaisalmar Yellow Limestone 10. 5mm Epoxy Finish

Ornate Exterior Wall 1

Insulated Floor / Ceiling

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Glazed Exterior Wall

Yellow Cobbled Floor 15

RAMMED CHALK EARTH 1

Rammed Earth Production - Components & Modules Key

Fundamentally, the design proposal is separated into modules that are built up of components, they are arranged in tiers, from the bottom to the top of the site. Due to constraints of the loading capacity of the crane and transportation, the likelihood of entire modules being assembled off-site is unlikely. However, individual components can be transported and installed together on-site like a jigsaw. This approach will come with the risk that modules not connecting with one another as they should. However, advancements in prefabrication builds have evolved to the extent that it has become the norm. The degree of scrutiny and precision within prefab construction must be implemented in this proposal.

1. Inner-Interior Wall 2. Reinforced Steel Frame 3. Exterior Roof 4. Outer- Interior Wall 5. Exterior Wall 6. Floor 7. Ornate Rammed Earth Shape 8. Window Frame 9. Window Glass Glaze

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Precautions must be in place prior to off-site production. For example, when the Retaining Structure is built on-site, “as-built surveys/drawings must be made of the site and cross-checked with construction drawings. Any discrepancies will need to be picked up and relevant changes to the module construction must be made. Furthermore, during the production of the components, detail and junctions must be thought out. To achieve good level quality details must be figured out at the larger level, in the overall coordination, and the smaller level, at the junctions between elements. For example, notches are grooved into the vertical edges of the walls.

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Key 1. Wall Modules 2. Ceiling Modules 3. Floor Components

MODULE ASSEMBLED FROM COMPONENTS

FLOORS AND WALLS MODULES

Window Frame installed on Rammed Earth Walls 16

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK Overall Structural Framework Key

As indicated above, the structural framework is partly assembled with the rammed earth components off-site. This would control the level of detail at the junctions between components.

Fusing the structural framework with the rammed earth production creates components that are highly complex. All connections and joints between individual components must be sealed before the mounting process. Some must be sealed during installation on-site but preparation for this happens during production.

1. Concrete Structural Framework 2. Floor Framework 3. Building Core 4. Proposed Foundation Perimeter 5. Columns

As illustrated in the diagram below, structural frameworks are mounted together and are embedded within the formwork whilst the rammed earth walls are being erected.

Key 1. Rammed Earth Formwork 2. Rammed Earth 3. Reinforcement Net 4. Concrete Structural Framework

COMPONENT FABRICATION PROCESS

OVERALL STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK ISOMETRIC 17

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK Formation The Structural framework of the proposed building is composed of steel and concrete elements. The framework is broken into the following elements: 01. Volume Framework 02. Floor Framework 03. Columns 04. Building Core 05. Concrete Footer

Key 1. Concrete Structural Framework 2. Floor Framework 3. Columns 4. Building Core 5. Concrete Footing 6. Pile Foundation 7. Rigged Wall - Foundation Perimeter

01. Volume Framework The primary volumes that create the form of the proposal are made out of a framework of structural elements at a 6.5 meters interval that nets around the primary form.

6.5M

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At varying points of the structural development, there are notable volumes that could have its structural framework partly assembled off-site with the rammed earth components.

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02. Floor Framework Much like the volume framework, components of the floor structural framework are can be prefabricated at an off-site factory, integrated into the rammed earth components.

03 / 04. Column & Building Core Both the columns and building core are erected before the remaining structural framework. These two elements form the primary support systems for the proposal and all other structural frameworks of the columns and building core.

05. Concrete Footer In specific locations around where manual fabrication of rammed earth is required, concrete footers are located as part of the ground build-up. STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK ISOMETRIC

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK ISOMETRIC - SECTION 18

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK

Junctions Typical details of the wall build-ups at the exterior facade and interior will be consistent throughout. However, due to the ornate nature of this proposal, most junctions would have to be bespoke to its location. All modules vary from one another to create the form of the proposal, hence why each junction interface will differentiate drastically.

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK ISOMETRIC

Key 1. Building Core 2. Concrete Structural Framework 3. Rammed Earth Floor Component 4. Rammed Earth Formwork 5. Reinforcement Net 6. Window Frame 7. Glazing Unit

LINTEL AXONOMETRIC DETAIL 4

Key

1. Rammed Earth Facade 2. Trass-lime Check 3. Reinforced Concrete Lintel 4. Metal Sheet 5. Friction Fit Bracket 6. Reinforced Trass-lime Mortar Support

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TYPICAL JUNCTIONS 1 1

Key

1. 600mm Rammed Earth 2. 300 x 320mm Reinforced Trass-lime Mortar

1. 500mm Rammed Earth Wall 2. 200 x 320mm Reinforced Concrete Lintel 3. 30 x 300mm Door Frame 4. Door

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LINTEL DETAIL

INTERIOR DOOR DETAIL

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EXTERIOR GLAZING DETAIL

Key

1. 500mm Rammed Earth Wall 2. 200 x 20mm L-Profile with thermal separation 3. Thermal Separation 4. Edge Trim 5. Rectangular Hollow Structural Section Frame 6. Mullion 7. Glazing

1. 10mm Finished Plaster 2. 30mm Undercoat 3. 50mm Reed Insulation 4. Clay Mortar 5. Brick Check 6. 500mm Rammed Earth Wall 7. 300 x 320mm Reinforced Trass-lime Mortar. 8. Edge Trim 9. Door Frame 10. Door

EXTERIOR DOOR / LINTEL DETAIL 19

YELLOW COBBLED ROAD

External Staircase A large part of the proposal’s overall narrative is the continuation of the play city’s street into the proposal.

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“The Yellow Cobbled Road”, a narrative borrowed from the movie The Wizard of Oz’s Yellow Brick Road, takes users through a journey throughout the proposal to navigate them to their desired department within the health and wellbeing centre.

Key

1. 5mm Eproxy Resin Finish 2. 150mm x 150mm x 30mm Jaisalmar Yellow Limestone 3. Thinset undercoat 4. 20mm Mortar 5. 120mm Concrete Sub-floor

The yellow cobbled road is a way-finding pathway that takes a playful journey around the building to encourage engaged encounters with other users and promote proactivity by its circulation.

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YELLOW COBBLED FLOOR DETAIL ISOMETRIC

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Key 1. Stairs Spandrels 2. Reinforced concrete Stringer 3. Thick Screed 4. Stairs 5. Handrails & Baserails 6. Balcony Modules

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YELLOW COBBLED EXTERNAL STAIRCASE MODULE

YELLOW COBBLED EXTERNAL STAIRCASE MODULE 20

YELLOW COBBLED ROAD

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External Staircase Detail 1:20

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YELLOW COBBLED FLOOR CIRCULATION PLAN Key

1. 500mm Rammed Earth Wall 2. Brick Check 3. Clay Mortar 4. 50mm Reed Insulation 5. 130mm Undercoat 6. 10mm Finished Plaster 7. 300 x 320mm Reinforced Trass-lime Mortar 8. Concrete Structural Framework - Beam

9. Window Frame 10. Glazing 11. Edge Trim 12. 300 x 320mm Reinforced Concrete Lintel 13. Thermal Break Tie 14. 150mm x 150mm x 30mm Jaisalmar Yellow Limestone 15. 120mm Concrete Sub-floor

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16. Reinforced Concrete Frame 17. Screed 18. 20mm Mortar 19. Thinset undercoat 20. Handrail 21. Rammed Earth Vegetable Garden Pocket 22. Soil

Key

1. 5mm Eproxy Resin Finish 2. 150mm x 150mm x 30mm Jaisalmar Yellow Limestone 3. Thinset undercoat 4. 20mm Mortar 5. 120mm Concrete Sub-floor

INTERIOR YELLOW COBBLED FLOOR DETAIL

EXTERIOR YELLOW COBBLED FLOOR DETAIL 21

YELLOW COBBLED ROAD

MATERIAL PALETTE

Exterior Facade Detail 1:20

Materials The material Palette for the proposal heavily evolves around the qualities of the rammed chalk earth and the yellow cobbled road. Material colours and textures are to complement these

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Elements. Moreover, the materials used for the proposal need to be appropriate for the natural landscape of the quarry edge on the blue lake.

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1. Jaisalmar Yellow Limestone 2. Brass 3. Rammed Chalk Earth 4. Window Glazing 5. Bronze Window Frame 6. Blue Rendered Flooring 7. Chalk Quarry 8. Timber Outdoor Decking 9. Timber Indoor Flooring

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Key

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EXTERIOR FACADE DETAIL Key 1. 500mm Rammed Earth Wall 2. Brick Check 3. Clay Mortar 4. 50mm Reed Insulation 5. 130mm Undercoat 6. 10mm Finished Plaster

7. 300 x 320mm Reinforced Trass-lime Mortar 8. Concrete Structural Framework - Beam 9. Window Frame 10. Glazing 11. Edge Trim 12. 150mm x 150mm x 30mm Jaisalmar

Yellow Limestone 13. 120mm Concrete Sub-floor 14. Reinforced Concrete Frame 15. Handrail 16. Ornate Rammed Earth Shape 22

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY

Hydroelectric Power

HYDROELECTRIC POWER DIAGRAM

As the proposal is nestled into the quarry edge of Blue Lake, the building’s construction process will heavily be evolved around its engagement with the lake.

Key

An artificial hydroelectric dam can be integrated into the front face of the lake to generate power for the proposal. Back-of-house areas on the -4 Level of the proposal can host a powerhouse the generator can be located and easily assessable.

6. Power-line 7. Retaining Structure Heel / Footing 8. Retaining Structure 9. Reinforcing Steel 10. Drainage / Grid Infrastructure

1. Intake Control Gate 2. Penstock 3. Turbine 4. Generator 5. Transformer

STREET LEVEL

Note: Alternative means of generating heat and power can be explored further, such as geothermal energy via heat pumps going deep into the ground.

COMPACTED BACKFILL

BACKFILL

POWERHOUSE 5

INTAKE

LONG DISTANCE POWER-LINE 7

BLUE LAKE OUTFLOW RETURN TO BLUE LAKE 23

CONSTRUCTION PHASING & SEQUENCE PHASE 1 - 3 The project’s construction phases are separated into two broad sections: 01. Site Excavation & Preparations 02. Erection of Proposed Building Construction Phases 1 - 3 covers the excavation of the site and the installation of the retaining structure.

01. SITE Phase 01

02. Excavation Phase 01

03. FOUNDATION Phase 02

04. RETAINING STRUCTURE Phase 03

The site is located northeast of Blue Lake. It is the steep section that goes along Springhead Road. Alternative means of vehicle access would need to be considered during the excavation phase.

The excavation of the site and its preparation has been explained in further detail on Page 10. Most of the excavated chalk is taken away for rammed earth production.

After the excavating process is complete, the installation of the building foundations and primary structural elements are prepared. This includes the building core and columns.

After the primary structural elements are set, chalk is reinstated onto the quarry to serve as the compacted backfill for the retaining structure. The retaining structure is prefabricated offsite and mounted into position with the crane.

CONSTRUCTION PHASING & SEQUENCE PHASE 4 - 6 The construction phases 4 - 6 focuses on the erection of the building, the yellow cobbled road, and the external balconies & vegetation gardens.

05. STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK Phase 04

06. RAMMED EARTH MODULES Phase 04

07. REINSTATING QUARRY MATERIAL Phase 05

08. EXTERNAL STAIRCASE/BALCONIES Phase 06

After the retaining structure is completed, critical structural elements are installed to start the formation of the framework. As mentioned previously, some structural framework elements will be installed off-site with the rammed earth components.

The erection of the proposed building will slot together like a jigsaw, the components of the building will be brought onto site and mounted onto the structural framework. The process will begin from the bottom up.

Once the building is erected, the remaining chalk quarry material will be reinstated into the site to cover areas that were not concealed during the erection of the building.

The last stage of the construction will be the installation of the external staircase, balconies, and vegetation gardens. There are elements of this that will be built in conjunction with the production of the structural elements and rammed earth components.

CONCLUSION Play-Lake Health and Well-being Centre aim to serve the residents of Ebbsfleet in the coming future. The region is seeing drastic redevelopments to increase the number of housing. This assertive is to encourage struggling home-buyers in London to settle in Ebbsfleet, Kent where it is much more affordable. However, with such large quantities of housing being developed, there are few plans for leisure & social facilities in the region. The site is situated on a border between an area that will be redeveloped and the existing area of North Fleet. An essential design objective was to create a physical and social connection between these two regions in the area, which the design achieves. The Technical Studies Report has enabled strict scrutiny of design decisions to answer if this proposal is theoretically build-able. Through the process of exploring differing construction methods, it was notable that all methods requires to be subservient to the quarry and the lake. The chosen method of excavating a large amount of the quarry, constructing the building using the quarry material, and then reinstating the remaining back into the site to its formation was the best method to match the design intent. The visual intent of the proposal was to have the building nested within the quarry but still make a statement in its formation and activities. This report alleviated constraints and supports the intent of the Play Lake Health and Well-being Centre. Furthermore, it explored a sustainable method of generating power for the proposal.

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY CONSTRUCTION BOOKS

CASE STUDIES

Krahn, T. and Krayenhoff, M., 2016. Essential rammed earth construction. 1st ed. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publisher.

Ricola Kräuterzentrum By Herzog & de Meuron ArchDaily. 2014. Ricola Kräuterzentrum / Herzog & de Meuron. [online] Available at: <https://www. archdaily.com/634724/ricola-krauterzentrum-herzogand-de-meuron> [Accessed 13 October 2021].

Watts, A., 2016. Modern Construction Handbook. 4th ed. Basel, Switzerland: Bikhäuser.

MAGAZINES Rammed Earth: Detail Magazine Rauch, M., 2015. Refined Earth Construction & Design with Rammed Earth. Detail Magazine,.

Visitor Centre at the Swiss Ornithological Institute By :mlzd ArchDaily. 2015. Visitor Centre at the Swiss Ornithological Institute / :mlzd. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/769013/visitor-centre-atthe-swiss-ornithological-institute-mlzd> [Accessed 13 October 2021].

Bushey Cemetery By Waugh Thistleton Architects ArchDaily. 2017. Bushey Cemetery / Waugh Thistleton Architects. [online] Available at: <https:// Hydroeletric Power En.wikipedia.org. 2022. Hydroelectricity - Wikipedia. www.archdaily.com/901249/bushey-cemetery-waugh[online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ thistleton-architects> [Accessed 13 October 2021]. Hydroelectricity> [Accessed 10 June 2021].

WEBSITES

Ebbsfleet Garden City Ebbsfleet Garden City. 2020. The Vision. [online] Available at: <https://ebbsfleetdc.org.uk/> [Accessed 3 June 2021].

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Key

1. Stairs Spandrels 2. Reinforced concrete Stringer 3. Thick Screed 4. Stairs 5. Handrails & Baserails 6. Balcony Modules 7. Inner-Interior Wall 8. Reinforced Steel Frame 9. Exterior Roof 10. Outer- Interior Wall 11. Exterior Wall 12. Ornate Rammed Earth Shape 13. Window Frame 14. Window Glass Glaze 15. Structural Framework 16. Floor Structure 17. Columns 18. Piles 19. Sheet Piles

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EXPLODED ISOMETRIC 28