RECONSTRUCTION IN A NEW AGE OF RESISTANCE:
RESPECTING OUR ROOTS + RESTORING OUR RITES
HOSTED BY FISK UNIVERSITY
ON OCTOBER 9-10, 2015 IN NASHVILLE, TENN.
The MTSU Center for Historic Preservation carries out many projects that give communities a voice in the historic preservation of the institutions they treasure the most. The Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area gives us an opportunity to explore the significance of the themes of Emancipation and Reconstruction in Tennessee history. Through this program, as a partnership unit of the National Park Service, we are happy to support this year’s conference. Our Southern History Initiative allows us to serve a broad range of communities and properties, such as the National Register nomination of American Baptist College in Nashville and museum planning at the Shiloh Rosenwald School in Macon County, Alabama. For more information: mtsuhistpres.org and tncivwar. org, or call 615-898-2947
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM FISK UNIVERSITY,
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his year’s HBCUstory Symposium, themed, “Reconstruction in a New Age of Resistance: Respecting our Roots + Restoring our Rites,” will contextualize the resistance that proponents of black education faced during the Reconstruction era while juxtaposing those challenges with the economic, political, social and cultural climate in which the nation’s now 107 HBCUs operate.
CONTENTS FROM OUR EXECUTIVE EDITOR
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FROM OUR HOST
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STORYTELLER AWARDEES
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HBCUstory Inc., founded in 2012, is an advocacy initiative to preserve, present and promote inspiring stories of Historically Black College and University (HBCU) communities, past and present, for our future.
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
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PRESENTER ABSTRACTS
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As proponents of the collective mission and vision of HBCUs, HBCUstory and its platforms HBCUstory.com and The Journal of HBCU Research+Culture, seek to leverage our HBCU stories as more than mere memories. Our memories must serve as compelling evidence for the future of these educational, cultural and social treasures.
OUR SPONSORS 30
PRESENTER BIOS 27
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM FROM OUR EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Dear Friends,
Dear Friends,
There are few, if any joys which compare to convening the third annual HBCUstory Symposium on the glorious campus of the It gives me supreme joy to welcome you all to the 2014 HBCUstory Symposium! Hosted by the historic Fisk University, my alma mater. It was here, on these sacred grounds, and in these hallowed halls, that a newly-minted of Public Land-grant Universities (APLU) in the nationʼs capital, this partnership represents seventeen Association year old arrived a week late for classes in the fall of 1999. To stand out, or rather to fit in, she introduced herself as the type of dynamic collaboration necessary to leverage unique platforms to share the good news of “Chief.” Later, she became a history major and found herself in Fisk’s Franklin Library often. Americaʼs HBCUs. Themed, “Where Do HBCUs Go From Here? Strategic Partnerships + Sustainable
Futures,” thisityearʼs focuses onCollections the strategic partnerships, reinforcing theHowse, importance of generation That girl was me. And, was inconvening the campus’ Special section that the while late Beth Madison a fourth HBCU cultural traditions and the advancement of HBCU operations. Fiskite, introduced me to the stories of the Original Fisk Jubilee Singers and Ella Sheppard Moore, her great-grandmother. While I didn’t know it then, my love for these stories, would grow into HBCUstory Inc. Offering rank-and-file access to academicians and practitioners, the symposiumʼs collection of scholarly
As an outgrowth of these stories, it is fitting convene symposium at Fisk at the precipice of the sesquicentennial of research and case studies outlinethat the we historic and this contemporary value of HBCUs. This year, more than Reconstruction the founding of the Fiskeighteen Free Colored School. “Reconstruction in aten New Age of Resistance: Retwentyand presenters—representing institutions of Themed, higher education, including HBCUs—will specting our Roots + Restoring our Rites,” thisfrom year’s symposium willand contextualize resistance cover a variety of subjects ranging history, effectives evaluation,the library sciencethat andproponents leadership,of black education faced during the Reconstruction era while juxtaposing those challenges with the economic, political, social and cultural to STEM, sports and millennial philanthropy and alumni giving. climate in which the nation’s HBCUs now operate. We are especially privileged to welcome Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole, the first African-American woman to head
It is our privilege to Spelman introduceCollege our first-ever Presidents Roundtable, which of celebrates diverse of presidents Atlanta's who went on to serve as president Bennett the College for voices Women, and the of HBCUs and presidents are HBCU Hosted by Paul Quinnand College alumnus and Fisk Interim President Frank Whitewho House Initiativeproducts. on Historically Black Colleges Universities Deputy Director Ivory A. Toldson as L. Sims, we welcome our neighbors and Meharry Medical College President James E. K. Hildreth and welcome home St. Mary’s College of our keynote speakers. Maryland President Tuajuanda Jordan, a Fisk alumna. Dr. Toldson has been hailed a leader "who could conceivably navigate the path to the White House" by
The HBCUstory Symposium was the first step in our two-part plan to provide a compelling counter-narrative to the negative the Washington Post, and Dr. Cole currently directs the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art perceptions of HBCUs so pervasive in the public sphere. In keeping with the academic mantra “publish or perish,” we proudly (NMAfA) in Washington, D.C.—a continuation of her long and distinguished career as an educator and introduce The Journal of HBCU Research + Culture (HBCUR+C), an interdisciplinary, peer review journal, which publishes a humanitarian, committed to racial and gender equality. wide-range of scholarly articles relating to the nation’s historically black colleges and universities. This will year, wefeature honor the Dr. presentation Cole as a preeminent voice of African-American culture, support the growing The convening also of the Storyteller Awards. The Emeritus, Legend, and Legacy awards recognize legend of Dr. Toldson, and posthumously pay tribute to the legacies of Dr. L.M. Collins, Dr. Hazo preservationists and architects of the HBCU experience. The recipient of the Emeritus Award and an alumnusW. of Livingstone Carter, Johnnycareer B. Hodge, Jr., Mrs. Mary Love andtoMs. College, Dr. HenryJr., A.Dr. Moses’s is unmatched, as isYancey his dedication his Taronda Meharry,Spencer. and to Fisk where he established an endowed scholarship in honor of his father and Fisk alumnus, the Reverend Andrew McLean Spaulding. The founding editor We Digest, sincerely thankL.our sponsors patronsoflike you for your support ofwill HBCUstory andthis HBCUstory of The HBCU Jarrett Carter Sr., anand alumnus Morgan State University, be awarded year’s Legend Award Symposium 2014. Together, weʼre making HBCU memories matter! for his visionary leadership of a new vanguard of HBCU voices. This year’s Legacy or posthumous award recipients will include: Matthew Kennedy; Alice Coachman; Dr. Charles U. Smith; Dr. Levi Watkins; the Rev. St. Paul Epps; Nelson Townsend; Dr. Wallace Maryland Jr.; and Earl Lloyd.
On behalf of the small but mighty team of volunteer-staffers who tell the HBCU story year-round, and the thousands of Fisk sons and daughters who call Fisk “alma mater,” I’d like to say thank you to each of our generous sponsors and our participants as well as to people like you. This is the HBCU story. Welcome home! Crystal A. deGregory, Ph.D. Convenor, HBCUstory Symposium Founder + Executive Editor, HBCUstory, Inc.
Founded in 2012, HBCUstory, Inc. is an advocacy initiative, presenting inspiring stories of the Historically Black College and University Crystal A. deGregory, Ph.D. (HBCU) community’s past and present, for our future. Presented in partnership with the Nashville Public Library and the Nashville Public CONVENOR, HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM Library Foundation, the inaugural HBCUstory Symposium played host to more than 500 presenters and guests from HBCU communities FOUNDER + EXECUTIVE EDITOR, HBCUSTORY, INC. nationwide who gathered in Nashville or watched the streaming broadcast of the Symposium.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM FROM OUR HOST
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM PRESIDENTS ROUNDTABLE / STORYTELLER AWARDS
DR. JAMES E.K. HILDRETH PRESIDENT OF MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
Dr. Hildreth began his tenure on July 1 as Meharry’s twelfth president. He most recently served as dean of the University of California Davis’ College of Biological Sciences, where he oversaw fundraising efforts and research projects. Having previously worked as a professor and researcher at Meharry, Dr. Hildreth was the founding director of the school’s Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research.
FRANK L. SIMS INTERIM PRESIDENT OF FISK UNIVERSITY
Sims retired from Cargill Inc. in 2007, where he worked for more than 30 years in numerous roles, including as president of the company’s North American grain division and as a corporate vice president. He currently serves on the Board of South Jersey Industries; is past chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis and is vice chairman of the U.S. Marine Transportation System Advisory Council. Sims earned his bachelor’s degree in business administration at Paul Quinn College in Dallas, Texas.
DR. TUAJUANDA JORDAN PRESIDENT OF ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF MARYLAND
The seventh president of St. Mary’s College of Maryland, Dr. Tuajuanda Jordan previously served as dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and professor of chemistry at Lewis & Clark College, and was the director of the Science Education Alliance (SEA) of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. A Fisk alumna, she received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the university in 1982.
DR. HENRY A. MOSES STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: EMERITUS Dr. Henry A. Moses serves as executive director of the Meharry National Alumni Association, Inc. He began his tenure at Meharry in September 1964 as an assistant professor of biochemistry, becoming a full professor in 1981, and professor emeritus of biochemistry in 1999. Moses received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry at Livingstone College in Salisbury, N.C., in 1959 and later earned his master’s degree and Ph.D. from Purdue University. Concurrently, he began teaching biochemistry in 1966 at Fisk University, where he serves as distinguished professor of biochemistry and biology. A student supporter throughout his career, Dr. Moses was hailed a Guardian of Our Legacy.
JARRETT L. CARTER, SR. STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: LEGEND Jarrett L. Carter Sr. is the Founding Editor of The HBCU Digest, an online daily news blog dedicated to coverage of HBCUs throughout the U.S. Carter also serves as the host of the HBCU Digest Podcast seriesand the founder and executive director of the Center for HBCU Media Advocacy, a national non-profit organization working to enhance HBCUs’ new media and media outreach opportunities. A native of Seat Pleasant, Maryland, Carter graduated from Morgan State University in 2003 with a bachelor’s degree in English with a journalism concentration. He lives in Baltimore with his wife, Dr. La Keita D. Carter and two sons, Jarrett Jr. and Landen.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: LEGACY
Each year it is our privilege to honor outstanding members of the HBCU community whose stories live on, forever, in our hearts. This year, we proudly present the posthumous Storyteller of the Year Legacy Award to Ms. Alice Coachman, The Rev. St. Paul Epps, Matthew Kennedy, Mr. Earl Francis Lloyd, Dr. Wallace Maryland, Jr., Dr. Charles U. Smith and Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr.
ALICE COACHMAN FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALIST, USA TRACK AND FIELD AND THE U.S. OLYMPIC HALL OF FAMER, TUSKEGEE + ALBANY STATE UNIVERSITY ALUMNA
Then-Albany State College student Alice Coachman leapt her way into history when she became the first Black American woman to win an Olympic gold medal during the 1948 London Games. As one of ten children born to sharecroppers in Albany, Georgia in 1923, Coachman’s distinction is the unlikely story of the single greatest HBCU athlete of her time, and arguably since. Barred from using segregated athletic fields, she ran and jumped barefoot as a girl and used ropes and sticks as makeshift high jumps, but thought there was little prospect of a career in athletics. Even so, Coachman had already exhibited glimpses of her future athletic prowess, by the time she entered Tuskegee’s high school program at 16 years old. Soon after, she clinched the 1939 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)’s national championship in the high jump, a feat she accomplished every subsequent year until her retirement in 1948. As if that alone were not enough, Coachman amassed twenty-three national titles, including high jump, the 50-metre dash and the 100-metre dash, was a member of the three-time championship women’s basketball team, and was the only Black American on each of the five All-American teams to which she was named—all before graduating from the Tuskegee Institute in 1946. Despite ending her athletic career at just 24 years old, Coachman was inducted to the USA Track and Field Hall of fame in 1975 and the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in 2004. Having paved the way for female African American Olympic track stars like Tennessee State University Tigerbelle Wilma Rudolph, Evelyn Ashford, Florence Griffith Joyner and Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Coachman died on July 14, 2014. “I made a difference among the blacks, being one of the leaders,” she told The New York Times in 1996. “If I had gone to the Games and failed, there wouldn’t be anyone to follow in my footsteps. It encouraged the rest of the women to work harder and fight harder.”
THE REV. ST. PAUL EPPS MINISTER + NORFOLK STATE UNIVERSITY AND KNOXVILLE COLLEGE ALUMNUS
A June 1935 graduate of Booker T. Washington High School, the Reverend St. Paul Epps was the first student to enroll in Norfolk State University. As a student-commit of the then-Norfolk Division of Virginia Union University, Epps began a personal campaign to recruit students for the junior college. Going door-to-door along with Samuel Fischer Scott, the college’s first director, and G.W.C. Brown, its business manager, Epps helped recruit many of the 85 students at Norfolk State when classes officially began on September 23, 1935. Epps went on to graduate from Knoxville College in 1939, and later became the only African American in his graduating class when he received his Masters of Divinity from Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary in 1942. His ministerial leadership included serving as executive director for the Fund for Self Development of People in the Presbyterian Church, USA, as well as a notable pastorage of Bel-Vue Community Presbyterian Church in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The church, which was the first African American United Presbyterian Church west of the Mississippi River, grew to nearly 800 members during his tenure. A champion for civil rights and human dignity, Epps, who was very involved in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Boy Scouts, died on September 16, 2015 at age 98--just two days before the 79th anniversary of the founding of Norfolk State. He leaves behind a remarkable legacy his fellow Spartans may forever herald as: “Behold, the Green and Gold.”
“MAESTRO” MATTHEW KENNEDY HISTORIC FISK JUBILEE SINGERS RETIRED LEGENDARY DIRECTOR + FISK UNIVERSITY ALUMNUS
Fisk University alumnus Matthew Washington Kennedy led the world-renowned Fisk Jubilee Singers for more than two decades. A prodigy of piano and choral music, Kennedy, who was born on March 10, 1921 in Americus, Georgia, earned a diploma in piano from the Juilliard Institute of Music in 1940 before enrolling in Fisk. As a Fisk student, Kennedy became the piano accompanist to the historic Fisk Jubilee Singers under the direction of Mrs. J. A. Myers on their tour of Europe, North Africa and Israel.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: LEGACY
Drafted into the United States Army in 1943, he served in Southern Europe and North Africa before returning to Fisk graduate cum laude with his bachelor’s degree in 1947. His legendary career at Fisk began the same year. In 1956, he married Anne Gamble, another pianist who taught at Fisk, and was appointed director of the Jubilee Singers the following year. For the next twenty-three years, he mentored hundreds of young students under his tutelage. Along the way, he enjoyed his own solo piano debut at Carnegie Recital Hall in 1958 and was a member of the Gamma Phi Chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., and the National Association of Negro Musicians and was an inductee into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in Macon, Georgia. In 2003, Kennedy released his first album, Familiar Favorites which he dedicated to the memory of his late wife and to their daughter, Nina who produced Matthew Kennedy: One Man’s Journey, a documentary film of his life and times. Decades after his retirement in 1986, Kennedy remained active in the life of his church and in the Nashville community. A wellrespected figure and beloved member of the Fisk family, the maestro died on June 5, 2014 but generations of Fiskites will remember him as the man who could always be counted on to so graciously climb the steps of the Fisk Memorial Chapel’s stage, whip out his baton, and lead them in the signing of the alma mater: “The Gold and The Blue.”
EARL FRANCIS LLOYD PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYER, HALL OF FAMER + WEST VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY ALUMNUS
Nicknamed “The Big Cat,” West Virginia State University alumnus Earl Francis Lloyd was one of three African Americans to desegregate the National Basketball Association in 1950. A high school standout in his native Virginia, Earl Lloyd was named to the All-South Atlantic Conference three times, and the All-State Virginia Interscholastic Conference twice, before receiving a scholarship to play basketball at West Virginia State College. Known as “Moon Fixer” because of his towering 6-foot-5 height and expertise as a defensive specialist, Lloyd led the Yellow Jackets to two CIAA Conference and Tournament Championships in 1948 and 1949, and was named All-American twice and named All-Conference three times. The only undefeated collegiate team in the United States during the 1947-48 season, Lloyd later led West Virginia State to a second place finish in the CIAA Conference and Tournament Championship as a senior. The second black player to be drafted by a NBA team, Lloyd donned his Washington Capitols uniform as the first black player to take to the NBA court on October 31, 1950. He scored six points that game but played in only seven games for the Capitols before the team folded in January 1951. Drafted into the U.S. Army at Fort Still, Lloyd fought in the Korean War before he returned to the NBA as a player for the Syracuse Nationals from 1952-1958. He helped them win a championship in 1955 before completing his playing career with the Detroit Pistons from 1958-1960. In 1968, he rejoined the Pistons as their first African American assistant coach and was head coach from 1971-1972. Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003, Lloyd, who died on February 26, 2015, recalled being refused service multiple times and was even spit on by a fan in Indiana. Lloyd’s own words characterized these challenges best: “In 1950, basketball was like a babe in the woods; it didn’t enjoy the notoriety that baseball enjoyed.”
DR. WALLACE MARYLAND, JR. BELOVED ALABAMA STATE UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR + ALABAMA STATE UNIVERSITY ALUMNUS
Mathematician Wallace Maryland, Jr., Ph.D. was a beloved and long-time professor at Alabama State University. Having attended and graduated from Booker T. Washington High School, he enlisted in the United States Air Force, where he served honorably for four years before enrolling in Alabama State University following an honorable discharge. Maryland earned his bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Alabama State University in 1958. He went on to earn his master’s and Ph.D. from Atlanta University and University of Alabama, in 1961 and 1978, respectively. Dr. Maryland began his nearly fifty year career at Alabama State in 1963 as an instructor of mathematics and was selected to chair the department in 1974, a position he held until his retirement in 2009. A prolific and respected writer and researcher, Maryland was the co-author of several textbooks and was published in distinguished journals throughout his career. Known to be demanding, yet humorous and informative, Maryland’s students include current Alabama State University president Gwendolyn E. Boyd, Dr. Carl Pettis, chair of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at Alabama State University and Dr. Elaine Flowers Duncan, Operations Engineering Branch Chief in the Mission Operations Laboratory at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: LEGACY
Following Maryland’s death on May 4, 2015, Alabama State President Boyd remarked: “Alabama State University certainly was blessed to have a professor of Dr. Maryland’s character and expertise as a part of our faculty. As a former student of Dr. Maryland’s, I can attest to the excellence, integrity and rigor of his teaching skills, as well as his love for his students. He was truly a remarkable man, and I will be forever grateful for his contributions to my life and the thousands of other ASU students who were touched by him.”
NELSON TOWNSEND FAMU ATHLETIC DIRECTOR, UMES HALL OF FAMER + MID-EASTERN ATHLETIC CONFERENCE HALL OF FAMER + MARYLAND STATE COLLEGE
Maryland State College alumnus and three-time hall-of-famer Nelson Townsend was a staple among the nation’s athletic directors. Having served seven tenures as an athletic director at four different universities, including his alma mater University of Maryland Eastern Shore as well as at HBCUs Delaware State University and Florida A&M University, he is enshrined in the MEAC Hall of Fame, the UMES Hall of Fame and the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Hall of Fame. A native of the Eastern Shore’s Horntown, Virginia, Townsend held degrees from the University of Maryland Eastern Shore as well as Salisbury and Temple universities. Utilizing his four decades of experience as a director of athletics and administrator in education, Townsend’s career spanned athletics, student affairs, educational support services and secondary education. In his early career, he was a well-respected faculty member, counselor, vice principal and coach in the Worcester County, Maryland, School System. During his tenure at Delaware State, Townsend also helped move the Delaware State Hornets from Division II to Division I and helped establish its athletics hall of fame. Under his leadership, the Hornets won a total of 15 conference team championships. While at the University of Buffalo, Townsend oversaw the university’s move from Division III to Division I in just three and a half years, and as chairman of the NCAA Olympic Liaison Committee and a member of the United States Olympic Committee, was instrumental in bringing the World University Games to Buffalo in 1993. Townsend died on January 8, 2015 having begun his third and final stint as athletic director at FAMU. Remembered as having a way about communicating with people, he had a reputation for taking every question — even difficult ones — with a smile. A leader in sports and educational administration at state, national and international levels he was eulogized as a man elevated from the “Hall of Fame to the Hall of Faith.”
DR. CHARLES U. SMITH SOCIOLOGIST, CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST, TUSKEGEE AND FISK UNIVERSITY ALUMNUS + LEGENDARY FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR
Noted sociologist, civil rights activist, and Tuskegee and Fisk University alumnus Charles U. Smith spent nearly 50 years as a legendary professor at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University before dying at age 91 on April 20, 2015. Graduating first in his class at Camden High School in his native Alabama, “C.U.” earned a bachelor’s degree in sociology at Tuskegee University and the Master of Arts in sociology at Fisk University. In 1948, he became the first African American to earn the Ph.D. degree at Washington State University. Two years prior, at just 24 years old, Smith began his long and renowned career as professor and scholar at Florida A&M University. Within three years after his return from completing his doctorate, Smith became chairman of the FAMU Sociology Department. In 1979, he was appointed FAMU Director of Graduate Studies, the role in which he served until retiring in 1997. A passionate believer in the connection between FAMU and the community, he was the originator of widely popular FAMU picnic, a founder of the FAMU Employees Club and most recently embarked on the mission of creating a FAMU Way road way. A life member of the NAACP, Dr. Smith used his imposing height of nearly 7-feet and impeccable attire to engage captive audiences on many subjects including matters of civil rights. During the 1960s, Smith ignored the directive of then-FAMU president George W. Gore to discontinue his support of the FAMU student-led boycotts of Tallahassee lunch counters and movie theaters. Smith, however, continued to attend boycott meetings and support the student-activists. An activist in his own right, in the 1970s, Smith became the first black chair of the Leon County Democratic Party, and he notably waged a decades-long crusade against Tallahassee’s Capital City Country Club after the once-public course turned private in 1956 to avoid allowing blacks to play golf. Simultaneously honored as “Alumnus of the Century” of Washington State University and “Faculty Member of the Century” of Florida A&M University in 2000, he inspired courage and social commitment in scores of students who would become tenacious civic and social leaders throughout the nation and in other countries.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM STORYTELLER OF THE YEAR: LEGACY
DR. LEVI WATKINS, JR. CARDIAC SURGERY PIONEER, ACTIVIST + TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY ALUMNUS
Known, not only for his groundbreaking medical achievements like the creation and implantation of the Automatic Implantable Defibrillator (AID), long before Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr. was the first black chief resident of cardiac surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, he was a student at Nashville’s Tennessee A & I State University. Born in Kansas and raised in Alabama where his father Levi Sr. served as the sixth president of the then-Alabama State College (now-Alabama State University), Watkins knew Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as his pastor when he was a member of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery. While he was an undergraduate student at Tennessee State, Watkins studied biology, served as student government president and was initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.’s Beta Omicron chapter, as was his father. Following graduation, Watkins made history when he became the first African American to be admitted to and graduate from Vanderbilt’s School of Medicine. On campus at Vanderbilt, he was the victim of racist attacks which forced him to secure housing for a time at nearby Meharry Medical College. He often described this first, of many milestones in his life, as “lonely.” After graduating from medical school in 1970, Dr. Watkins started a general surgery residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1971, where he became the first black chief resident of cardiac surgery. Fighting for equal opportunities in education throughout his career, he helped to increase minority enrollment at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by 400 percent in four years. A political figure and civil rights activist, Watkins performed the world’s first human implantation of the automatic implantable defibrillator in February 1980. In addition to developing several different techniques for the implantation of the device, Dr. Watkins also helped to develop the cardiac arrhythmia service before retiring in 2013, after four decades of medical groundbreaking service and racial barrier breaking activism. Following his death on April 11, 2015, his unparalleled legacy lives on at Johns Hopkins and at hospitals across the nation and world which utilize open-heart techniques to treat patients at risk of sudden cardiac death--saving thousands of lives and inspiring countless others.
SYMPOSIUM 2015 PRESENTED BY FISK UNIVERSITY + TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR HISTORIC PRESERVATION AREA
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2015 | MORNING SESSIONS JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY
FREE AND OPEN TO THE PUBLIC REGISTRATION 8:45 FOR REGISTRANTS ONLY 10:00 WELCOME JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY Crystal A. deGregory, Ph.D., Fisk University ’03 EXECUTIVE EDITOR, HBCUSTORY 10:15
SESSION I. PLENARY PRESIDENT’S ROUNDTABLE
Frank L. Sims, Paul Quinn College ’72 INTERIM PRESIDENT, FISK UNIVERSITY
James E.K. Hildreth, Ph.D., M.D.
PRESIDENT, MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
Tuajuanda Jordan, Ph.D., Fisk University ’82 PRESIDENT, ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF MARYLAND Crystal A. deGregory, Ph.D., Moderator 11:15
SESSION II. STORYTELLER AWARDS
JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY
Henry A. Moses, Ph.D., Livingstone College ’59 PROFESSOR EMERITUS, MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE; DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR, FISK UNIVERSITY;
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, MEHARRY NATIONAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, INC.
Alice Coachman | St. Paul Epps | Matthew Kennedy | Earl Lloyd Wallace Maryland, Jr., Ph.D. | Charles U. Smith, Ph.D. Nelson Townsend | Levi Watkins, M.D.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2015 | AFTERNOON SESSIONS JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY
FOR REGISTRANTS ONLY 12:30
LUNCH
CONTINUED REGISTRATION
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
SESSION III. OUR STORIES, OURSELVES: HISTORIC NARRATIVES OF UPLIFT 1:15 AND EMPOWERMENT Resistance, Reconstruction, Renaissance, and Restoration of an
HBCU Gridiron Legend of The 1920s: A Historical Analysis of Ben L. Cavil, Sr. “Big Ben” of Wiley College
J. Kenyatta Cavil, Ed.D., M.B.A., Prairie View A&M University ’94 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HEALTH AND KINESIOLOGY, TEXAS SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY Geremy Cheeks
PH.D. CANDIDATE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
The Self-Reliant John Mercer Langston
The Mathematics Education of African Americans, 1854-1954
Norwood Holland, Fisk University ’73
Nicole Joseph, Ph.D. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER 2:35
SESSION IV. THE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY (HBCU)
Climate Change Consortium: Update on Activities & Invitation to Participate
Richard Gragg, Ph.D., Panelist ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLICY,
SCHOOL OF THE
ENVIRONMENT, FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY
Robert Wingfield, Ph.D., Panelist
PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, FISK UNIVERSITY
Beverly Wright, Ph.D., Panelist
DIRECTOR, DILLARD UNIVERSITY DEEP SOUTH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
David A. Padgett, Ph.D., Panel Chair ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
3:40
SESSION V. UNDERSTANDING SUCCESS: FINANCIAL MODELS AND STUDENT DECISIONS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Successful Financial Models at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Sydney Freeman Jr., Ph.D., Oakwood University ’07 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HIGHER EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO
African American Students’ Decision To Attend College, College Choice Experiences, And The Decision To Attend An Historically Black College Or University Ebonee Mayo-Mitchell, Ph.D., Johnson C. Smith ’06
PROGRAM ANALYST, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
3:40
SESSION V. UNDERSTANDING SUCCESS: FINANCIAL MODELS AND STUDENT DECISIONS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Because you are, I am: Transformative Mentorship Through Black Feminist and Critical Race Theory
Oni Hadiya, North Carolina A&T State University Jawana Southerland Little, Ph.D., North Carolina A&T State University ’04
Are Historically Black Colleges Universities Campus Queens
Adequately Developing #LooksOrLeadership As Student Leaders During their Reigns?
Ashleigh Taylor, Tennessee State University ’12 DOCTORAL STUDENT, HAMPTON UNIVERSITY 5:00
DISMISSAL
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2015 | MORNING SESSIONS JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY
FOR REGISTRANTS ONLY 9:00
SESSION VI. A MIND IS A TERRIBLE THING TO WASTE: HBCU AND K-12 PARTNERSHIPS FROM THE UNITED NEGRO COLLEGE FUND
Imparting Wisdom: HBCU Lessons for the K-12 Education Sector Meredith B. L. Anderson, Ph.D.
SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, ADVOCACY FREDERICK D. PATTERSON RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT UNCF
Brian Bridges, Ph.D. VICE PRESIDENT, RESEARCH AND MEMBER ENGAGEMENT AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, FREDERICK D. PATTERSON RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT UNCF
Diversity, Achievement and HBCU Teacher Preparation Programs
Caroline Harper, Ph.D., Howard University POLICY ANALYST AND AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES FELLOW,
FREDERICK D. PATTERSON RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT UNCF
10:00
SESSION VII. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INFORMATION PARTNERSHIP
Cynthia Gaines, Panelist TECHNICAL INFORMATION SPECIALIST, OUTREACH AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS BRANCH,
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Shannon Jordan, MPH, Howard University, ’03, Panelist CHEMIST, BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION SERVICES BRANCH, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Fatima Barnes, Ed.D., MPH, Moderator LIBRARY DIRECTOR AND ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
11:00
SESSION VIII | 21ST CENTURY INNOVATION: MODELS FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGE AT HBCUS
#FAMU10for10 Challenge | A Model for Change
Cecka Rose Green, Florida A&M University, ’91
Club 1964, Inc. Marquise McGriff, Florida Memorial University 11:50
SESSION IX. TURNING TOWN AND GOWN UPSIDE DOWN: HISTORIC HBCU PARTNERSHIPS, THEIR ENVIRONS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Freedmen’s Bureau: An Agency of Hope and Hindrance for
Historically Black Colleges and Universities During and After Reconstruction
Janet K. Walsh, Ed.D., Fisk University ’94 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AND COORDINATOR AVON WILLIAMS CAMPUS LIBRARY, TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY Transcripts of Resistance and Accommodation:
Alcorn State University and the 1960s Stephen G. Hall, Ph.D., Morgan State University ’90 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY
In the Shadow of the Tiger: Tennessee State University
and Its Impact on the North Nashville Community, 1912-1970
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
Learotha Williams Jr., Ph.D.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2015 | AFTERNOON SESSIONS JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY
FOR REGISTRANTS ONLY 1:10
LUNCH
1:45 SESSION X. KEYNOTE ADDRESS Reconstruction in a New Age of Resistance Jarrett L. Carter, Sr., Morgan State University ’03
FOUNDING EDITOR, HBCU DIGEST
2:00
SESSION X. LESSONS ON CONTEMPORARY PARTNERSHIPS AND STUDENT ATHLETES SINGLE PAPER/PRESENTATION
Decades of Disparity: Student Experiences in an HBCU-PWI Partnership Carl Darnell, Tennessee State University ’06
PH.D. CANDIDATE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY
What you need to know
starts with A-B-C!
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
2:00
SESSION X. LESSONS ON CONTEMPORARY PARTNERSHIPS AND STUDENT ATHLETES SINGLE PAPER/PRESENTATION
Tightening Up the Black Belt: Efforts of Tuskegee’s NanoBio Partnership
PH.D. CANDIDATE, AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Leonard D. Towns, Morehouse College ’07
HBCU Athletic Programs: Producing Leaders to Play in the Game of Life Franklin D. Rivers III, MBA, Tennessee State University ’08 Brittany-Rae Gregory
DOCTORAL STUDENT, HOWARD UNIVERSITY
3:20
SESSION XI. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES TO ADDRESS HEALTH INEQUITIES
Using a Population Health Model Framework to Explore Contributing Factors of Premature Mortality
DOCTORAL STUDENT, FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY
Meardith A. Pooler, Meharry Medical College ’14
A Literature Review: Identifying How Culture, Customs, Beliefs
and Social-environmental Factors Surrounding Sex Workers Affect HIV-Incidence in Guyana, South America
Alisa A. Simon, Hampton University ’11
DOCTORAL STUDENT, FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY
Fatherhood Matters
E. Clare Stewart, Fisk University ’05
DOCTORAL STUDENT, FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY
4:40
CLOSING REMARKS. THE STATE OF THE STORY: OUR DEGREES WON’T SAVE US Crystal A. deGregory, Ph.D.
5:00
DISMISSAL
SYMPOSIUM 2015 PRESENTED BY FISK UNIVERSITY + TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR HISTORIC PRESERVATION AREA
ABSTRACTS
IMPARTING WISDOM: HBCU LESSONS FOR THE K-12 EDUCATION SECTOR MEREDITH ANDERSON & BRIAN BRIDGES
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are adept at enrolling, retaining and graduating low-income, first-generation, academically under-prepared students at higher rates than predicted. Given the challenges of the K-12 sector in narrowing deleterious educational disparities that are often grounded in racial and economic inequalities, HBCUs can serve as useful best practice models for K-12 educators, administrators and policymakers. HBCUs have demonstrated success with many of the same students that struggle academically in secondary schools. Accordingly, this paper addresses the following question: what lessons have HBCUS learned in educating large numbers of lowincome, academically underprepared African American students that can inform the work of K-12 schools with these populations? Six HBCU strategies grounded in research and practice are presented that can be useful for contextual emulation in the nation’s primary schools, including promoting high levels of student-faculty interaction, employing intrusive advising strategies and developing a strong sense of identity.
RESISTANCE, RECONSTRUCTION, RENAISSANCE, AND RESTORATION OF AN HBCU GRIDIRON LEGEND OF THE 1920’S: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF BEN L. CAVIL, SR. “BIG BEN” OF WILEY COLLEGE J. KENYATTA CAVIL & GEREMY CHEEKS
This presentation seeks to reconstruct the historical resistance of HBCUs by analyzing the cultural climate of HBCU athletic programs by highlighting the sports career of Ben L. Cavil Sr. Ben was an HBCU football All-American, playing for Wiley College in the mid-20s. From 1925 to 1929, Big Ben distinguished himself academically and fraternally as member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, while compiling championship stories, records and national honors as an HBCU gridiron legend. As a fullback and a member of the ‘Wild Cat Eleven,’ he excelled outside of the Eurocentric framing of the American football collegiate context. Cavil’s HBCU story provides a context for the analyzing the resistance cultivated during the Harlem Renaissance and Tulsa Race Riots eras. Moreover “Big Ben’s” HBCU story outlines the sustainability of HBCU athletic programs which was rooted in their unifying missions and interdependent relationships with each other and the African American community embracing a community-based cultural identity and cultural heritage of empowerment: racial pride, cultural expression, and black masculinity. Consequently this presentation should be used as a tool to begin the dialogue on HBCU pioneers of the early years and encourage documentation of HBCU artifacts to reexamine the process of resistance in a New Age.
DECADES OF DISPARITY: STUDENT EXPERIENCES IN AN HBCU-PWI PARTNERSHIP CARL DARNELL
There are winners and losers in mergers and acquisitions — two or more organizations combine to form one. Once a merger is complete, the losing is over; in a partnership, however, the winning and losing may either balance out or continue as long as the partnership exists. The following paper presents the experiences of Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) – Florida State University (FSU) College of Engineering students spanning three decades of the partnership. The story of the HBCU-PWI partnership’s development is examined from the perspectives of the joint college’s alumni and professors, voices largely left out of the published literature on the college’s history. The administrators, alumni, and professors are the participants and products of the sharecropping system in place at the joint college, and their stories provide a comprehensive narrative that complicates the extant, written history of the joint college. The alumni’s compiled stories, moreover, introduce a previously untapped perspective of how FAMU, as the sharecropper, and FAMU students endured the partnership over the course of thirty years.
SUCCESSFUL FINANCIAL MODELS AT HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES SYDNEY FREEMAN JR.
In the U.S. today, there is a broad discussion taking place regarding the cost of attendance at colleges and universities. As tuition and fees have risen over the years, the public outcry about this increasing tuition has been heard loud and clear. Scholars have
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS
questioned the quality of the degree being sought by students, and the outcomes produced by colleges and universities have come under a microscope. As state and federal support continues to decline for higher education in general, HBCUs have been the hardest hit of all institutions in the county. So this brings us to the question that drives this study. What financial model(s) can be implemented by HBCUs to ensure their sustainability and viability into the future? The importance of this question cannot be underestimated as changes in the economy are forcing higher education as a sector and HBCUs in particular to rethink their financial models. Three models are offered in this paper to leaders regarding ways in which they can approach financial challenges at HBCUs, the Elitely Endowed, Nimble, At-Risk. We believe the options and information we provided in this chapter will be helpful to those who are serious about the sustainability and advancement of these important institutions.
#FAMU10FOR10 CHALLENGE: A MODEL FOR CHANGE CECKA ROSE GREEN
The #FAMU10for10 Challenge is a way for FAMUans to support FAMU by donating at least $10 and challenging 10 others to do the same. The original mission was to generate over $1,000,000 for FAMU by the FAMU National Alumni Association (NAA) National Convention, May 2015. On August 25, 2014, alumna Cecka Rose Green recorded a video of her donating $10, “called out” 10 family members and friends, and posted it on Facebook. Patterned after the “Ice Bucket Challenge,” the rest is history. The “10 for 10 Challenge” became an official giving campaign. Donors are able to contribute $10 or more through the University’s website, designating the Challenge as the vehicle. Within the 48 hours, over $10,000 was contributed through the Challenge. Currently, nearly $200,000 has been raised from over 4,000 gifts and 3,000 new donors. #FAMU10for10 demonstrates the power of collaborative efforts; it re-connects FAMU alumni to the University. Donors are encouraged to make their support “recurring,” moving from a “one-time” reaction into perpetual, sustained giving (#FAMU8434—8,434 donors, $10/month perpetually = over $1 million annually). This session will: (1) define the Challenge; (2) give the objectives; (3) provide results; and (4) provide components of a successful social media fundraising campaign.
HBCU ATHLETIC PROGRAMS: PRODUCING LEADERS TO PLAY IN THE GAME OF LIFE FRANKLIN D. RIVERS III AND BRITTANY-RAE GREGORY
While many aspects of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are often highlighted, such as the familial environment, the rich legacy, the commitment to the preservation of heritage, the band and Black Greek Letter Organizations, the athletic department and those sports that fall under its umbrella are often overshadowed. On the other hand, at many Division I predominately white institutions (PWIs), the athletic programs are considered to be the “front porch” of the institution, ushering in various stakeholders to contribute to and attend the respective institution. However, for most HBCUs, this is not the case. A combination of factors including limited funding and resources, outdated athletic facilities, and the lack of program promotion likely affect the recruitment of athletes to HBCU programs. In order to attract athletes, it is important that HBCUs promote what is most unique about HBCU culture through their athletic programs. This paper seeks to identify specific strategies based in education, coaching, administration, and public relations that will help HBCU athletic programs to attract prospective students to their respective program and produce well-rounded, confident leaders that can readily affect change in society.
BECAUSE YOU ARE, I AM: TRANSFORMATIVE MENTORSHIP THROUGH BLACK FEMINIST & CRITICAL RACE THEORY ONI HADIYA & JAWANA LITTLE
This paper seeks to explain the inner workings of a mentorship on a black college campus between a black female professor and black female student. We aim here to express the multiple and competing dimensions of this relationship and the ways that it is effective in bringing about self-assuredness and a willingness to thrive despite the barriers of racialized and gendered oppression in academia. At this point, the mentoring relationship has becomes a “safe space” in the sense that the students’ personal connections to the texts are welcomed and engaged as a means to increasing their understanding of the concepts being reviewed. The metaphorical walls of privileged silence and absorption that govern most educational spaces are broken down. Please note: this specific presentation will only feature the experiential research and analysis of the student, Oni Hadiya.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS
TRANSCRIPTS OF RESISTANCE AND ACCOMMODATION: ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY AND THE 1960S STEVEN G. HALL
Alcorn’s role in the civil rights movement differed substantially from that of it’s neighbor Tougaloo College. As both a rural and public college, Alcorn faced challenges Tougaloo did not. Therefore, in assessing Alcorn’s role in the movement, one has to expand the understanding of what constituted protest and look at its varied manifestations in the university community and beyond. Through an examination of primary and secondary material including the Greater Alcorn Herald (student newspaper), alumni records, the presidential papers Jesse R. Otis and John Dewey Boyd, both of whom served in the 1950s and 1960s, the Board of Trustees records, student yearbooks as well as the literature on Claiborne County and civil rights activism, this paper seeks to reconstruct a more holistic and engaging role of Alcorn’s role in the seminal events of the civil rights movement. In doing so, it will add another dimension to scholarly understanding regarding the complexity of local movements and the role of black colleges in them.
DIVERSITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND HBCU TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS CAROLINE HARPER
Students of color are projected to represent 55 percent of the K-12 public school population by 2022. While K-12 classrooms are becoming more diverse, the racial composition of the teaching workforce does not reflect the diversity of students that teachers are charged with educating. In the 2011-12 academic year, only 18 percent of the 3.4 million elementary and secondary public school teachers in the United States were teachers of color. In addition to disproportionate diversity ratios, the academic achievement gap and incidents of school disciplinary action (including suspensions and expulsions) continue to increase among Black students. To meet the needs of an increasingly diverse K-12 student population, it is imperative that more teachers of color are recruited and retained to provide culturally competent instruction and serve as professional role models that encourage the selfconfidence and empowerment necessary for students to compete in the global community. Across the entire network of private and public HBCUs, 72 enrolled nearly 19,000 teacher candidates and graduated approximately 2,300 students with education degrees. This paper explores the extent to which HBCU teacher preparation programs can address disparities in education among African-American students in public schools.
THE SELF-RELIANT JOHN MERCER WILLIAM NORWOOD HOLLAND
John Mercer Langston played a pivotal political role as an activist, advisor, and elected official leading up to the Civil War and during Reconstruction. Langston may not be a household name today, but he was something of a celebrity during the latter part of the 19th century setting an example of self-reliance in the African-American struggle for justice. The Emersonian doctrine instilled in his youth, would guide him throughout his life. He graduated from Oberlin College in 1849 and was admitted to the Ohio Bar in 1854. Ohio’s first African-American attorney, in 1864 he served as the first president of the National Equal Rights League (a forerunner to the NAACP), and subsequently as professor of law, dean, and acting president of Howard University, envoy to Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. In 1890 he became Virginia’s only Black congressman. Mercer’s autobiography despite its literary deficiencies is full of pathos, and an insightful first-hand account into the political struggles Blacks confronted during Reconstruction. John Mercer Langston was a remarkable man overcoming insurmountable barriers to great achievements by persistence and self-reliance. My research brings together a collection of sources on the life and times of John Mercer Langston. The purpose is to raise awareness and motivate more scholarship on a man of historical significance deserving to be accorded something more than a footnote to history.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INFORMATION PARTNERSHIP FATIMA BARNES, MODERATOR CYNTHIA GAINES – TECHNICAL INFORMATION SPECIALIST (Outreach and Special Populations Branch, Division of Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) SHANNON JORDAN, M.P.H. – CHEMIST (Biomedical Information Services Branch Division of Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health)
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP) program began in 1991 to help address environmental health concerns in minority communities outlined in a number of publications. Initially called the Toxicol-
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS ogy Information Outreach Project (TIOP), NLM’s plan was to increase the capability of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to train healthcare professionals in environmental and occupational health, toxicology, and hazardous chemicals utilizing resources offered by NLM. HBCUs with community presence and health science programs were selected. Initially, NLM provided computers, training, and free access to NLM computer systems. After receiving positive evaluation results, the program continued and expanded to include additional HBCUs and other minority education institutions. In the early 2000s, the program objectives were also expanded to address reducing health disparities and increase interactions between NLM and the project panel members representing the HBCUs and other institutions. In 2004, the program was renamed the Environmental Health Information Outreach Program (EnHIOP). The EnHIOP panel, a smaller group, consulted with NLM to oversee the program. Today, the program is known as the Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP). EnHIP continues to provide HBCUs and minority educational institutions access and training in environmental health so they may serve their students, faculty, and communities and help reduce health disparities. EnHIP will continue to prove itself vital to HBCUs strengthening STEM and information science programs while nurturing roots in the community. The goals, objectives, and future plans of EnHIP directly align with various challenges HBCUs face and also address environmental and other health disparities. |
THE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS, 1854-1954 NICOLE JOSEPH
This presentation reports findings from a study that examined over 20 different types of primary sources at 25 HBCUs to answer the research question, “What type of mathematics education experiences did African Americans living in the South have during de jure segregation?” Using a Critical Race Theory framework, findings suggest: (1) Black’s mathematics education reflected two distinct, but equally important educational philosophies, classical (liberal arts) and industrial (technical); (2) Black students were trained in pure and applied mathematics, and mathematics education; and (3) Black students engaged in mathematical tasks and learning opportunities that required them to problem solve and use complex thinking. This study redirects the critical Washington/Dubois binary by examining what was actually going on in classrooms. Examining mathematics education in industrial schools specifically troubles this binary, which reflects a long-standing perspective that industrial education was anti-progressive for leadership and racial progress. Closely considering the new demands and possibilities of emancipation that millions of Black men, women, and children faced, as well as their need for a paradigm shift from dependence to self-reliance, my work positions both pathways—classical and industrial approaches to Black higher education—as complementary and necessary to the forging of a great Black educated population.
“WHO ARE WE LIFTING AS WE CLIMB?” QUEERING SPACE IN THE HBCUSTORY ASHLEY LYNCH
Abstract: The assertion that black queer subjects epitomize anti-blackness mitigates a conclusion that there is only but one type of “black,” and if this is true, who has the authority to articulate what character composition this said “black” person is supposed to inhibit? The same myopic understandings and teachings that guided Eurocentric thoughts on blackness are now inserting a visceral girth in the understandings of what it is to be a black queer. Despite LGBTQ rights being overwhelmingly relevant in the current discourse, black queer studies is still relatively absent on HBCU campuses. As we move further into the 21st century, understanding the contemporary and historical affects of HBCUs on black identity reinforces the importance of black LGBTQ members asserting their own narratives and reclaiming their humanity without the neoliberal agenda of the ‘gay international’, as termed by Sokari Ekine. This research seeks to investigate and explore the ways in which HBCUs and/or its faculty members are using their curriculum to interrogate possibilities of a future that rests in dissolving heteronormative notions of blackness, sexuality, and identities that combat invisibility and silence and evoke a futuristic aesthetic in an era that proclaims LGBTQ rights to be the new civil rights movement of the 21st century.
CLUB 1964 INC. MARQUISE MCGRIFF
Club 1964 Inc. was founded by Marquise M. McGriff on June 1, 2015 on the campus of the illustrious Florida Memorial University in Miami Gardens, FL. He, and many of the organization’s Charter Members, had already began to do a lot of leg work and trailblazing in sharing the initiative to assure that the doors of each Part B Institution established before the year 1964 and
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS
still currently standing would remain open for all tomorrows to come. This dream to save the future of HBCUs was big and with the negative attention attracted by the media – HBCUs’ struggle for relevance in an “open and diverse” world, HBCUs’ diminishing retention rates, HBCUS’ embezzlement and misappropriation of funds – it seemed far out of reach. However, the initiative was clear, those who had joined were dedicated to doing whatever necessary to redeem and restore HBCUs as Dream Schools and not second choices or backup plans. No longer would our institutions be perceived as black party spots. No longer would our students be thought of as inferior to their counterparts at Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). No longer would our professors be looked down upon as less knowledgeable and established. These preceding statements are all just contributing factors that led to the founding of Club 1964 Inc. This organization will ensure that the doors of all our Historically Black Colleges and Universities remain open for all tomorrows to come.
AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS’ DECISION TO ATTEND COLLEGE, COLLEGE CHOICE EXPERIENCES, AND THE DECISION TO ATTEND AN HBCU EBONEE MAYO MITCHELL
The intent of this research is to explore African American students’ decision to attend college, their college choice experiences and the factors that influenced their decision to attend an HBCU. This qualitative study examined the interviews of 23 African American traditional age college students who decided to attend an HBCU. Their interviews were coded and reviewed for common themes using college choice as the lens. The frequently mentioned factors were parents, costs, reputation, and location. All participants had very unique experiences as they went through the college choice process. Some students college choice process varied in length but most described it as stressful. Location and reputation were primary reasons for students choose to attend HBCUs. The focus of this paper is to help all stakeholders in the advancement of HBCUs understand how prospective students select to attend HBCUs.
THE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY (HBCU) CLIMATE CHANGE CONSORTIUM: UPDATE ON ACTIVITIES AND INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE DR. DAVID A. PADGETT, PANEL CHAIR DR. RICHARD GRAGG, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR + ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR The Environmental Studies Institute, Florida A & M University DR. ROBERT WINGFIELD, PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, FISK UNIVERSITY DR. BEVERLY WRIGHT, DIRECTOR, DILLARD UNIVERSITY DEEP SOUTH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast region ten years ago, and significantly impacted Dillard University and several other HBCUs. The storm was a dynamic example of the hazards associated with climate change and the implications of sea level rise. In the aftermath of the disaster, African American and low-income communities have suffered greatly, and in some cases, have never fully recovered. With the majority of HBCUs being located in climate-vulnerable regions in the southeastern United States, it is imperative that HBCU faculty, students, and researchers play an active role in the effort to mitigate the deleterious effects of global warming. Under the leadership of Dr. Robert Bullard (Texas Southern University) and Dr. Beverly Wright (Dillard University), the HBCU Climate Change Initiative was started in 2011. In 2013, Dr. Wright and Dr. Bullard formed the Climate Education Community University Partnership (CECUP) which was comprised of several HBCUs. The CECUP has since evolved into the HBCU Climate Change Consortium. Building upon a lengthy body of research centered around “climate justice,” the Consortium is actively engaged in developing interdisciplinary solutions to future climate change challenges. Since 2013, three “HBCU Student Climate Change Conferences” have been hosted annually by Dillard University, providing hundreds of young scholars with opportunities to network with each other and learn from leading climate scientists. In September of 2014, the Consortium supported the participation of over 100 HBCU students in the “People’s Climate March” held in New York City concurrently with the United Nations 2014 Climate Summit. In December of 2015, a delegation of HBCU students will participate in the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 21) in Paris, France. Planning for the Fourth HBCU Student Climate Change Conference, to be held at Dillard University (New Orleans, LA) in spring 2016, is in progress.
2014 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS
EVALUATING THE HEALTH OF THE SOUTH: USING A POPULATION HEALTH MODEL FRAMEWORK TO EXPLORE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF PREMATURE MORTALITY MEARDITH A. POOLER
Southern states have historically ranked as the unhealthiest states in the United States. Data from the 2010 - 2014 America Health Rankings on the 50 states indicate that the lowest health ranking states are primarily among southern U.S. states, including: Mississippi (No. 50), Louisiana (No. 49), Alabama (No. 48), and Arkansas (No. 47). Conversely, counties in New England region report the top health ranking in the U.S. Vermont (No. 1) Massachusetts (No. 2), New Hampshire (No. 3), and Connecticut (No. 4), are the top healthiest states in the U.S. This study focuses on the mortality rates of 874 counties of ten southern U.S. states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. This study seeks to (1) Evaluate how well the explanatory variables in the population health model serve as good estimators of the health status of a population, (2) Identify which domains of the population health model have the most significant impact on Premature mortality, (3) Assess if a social gradient effect of health exists among the selected southern counties in 10 U.S. states. This study uses a population health model framework, focusing on the following independent variable domains: health behaviors, social environment, economic environment, physical environment and health care. County health data were obtained from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) was used to conduct the statistical analysis, using SPSS as the software of application. Three of the four domains in the population health model were shown to have a significant impact on county premature death rates. This study suggests that population health policies aimed at reducing mortality disparities require an understanding of the socioeconomic context within which modifiable variables exist. This research justifies the need to account for regional variations to strengthen policy inference. It also emphasizes the importance of creating a focus on region-specific preventive policies.
A LITERATURE REVIEW: IDENTIFYING HOW CULTURE, CUSTOMS, BELIEFS AND SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SURROUNDING SEX WORKERS AFFECT HIV-INCIDENCE IN GUYANA, SOUTH AMERICA ALISA A. SIMON
Guyana, South America is the second most afflicted country with Human Immunodeficiency virus after Sub-Saharan Africa. The transmission of HIV in Guyana has shown levels of increase due to the following: specific backgrounds of poverty, gender disparities, customs, different cultural and behavioral patterns and a number of HIV related stigma judgment. The purpose of this analysis was to identify how culture, customs, beliefs and social environmental factors surrounding sex workers affect the HIV incidence in Guyana, South America. Each article acquired targeted the Sex Workers population during the years of 1996-2014. The search strategy included the following key words and phrases: HIV in the Caribbean, Sex Workers, Aids in Sex Workers, Condom usage in the Caribbean and HIV stigma in the Caribbean. Eight articles were found between the years of 1996-2014 which analyzed the different factors which were in relation to the increase in HIV incidence in Guyana, South America within the Sex Workers population. The main route of HIV transmission is through commercial sex trade. Unfortunately, there is a cap in relation the availability of data and research present in relation to the various factors that are associated with commercial sex workers and HIV transmission in Guyana, South America. This leads to the fact that there are still barriers present in relation to this vulnerable population in respect to HIV transmission.
FATHERHOOD MATTERS E. CLARE STEWART
The focus on promoting responsible fatherhood stems from concern in the shift in family formation and structure. This concern provides an increased emphasis on including fathers and moving beyond the maternal-child relationship in research and practice. There is a “father-factor” in nearly all social issues, as children fare worse than their counterparts a generation ago in well-being indicators, confirming the consistent findings concluding children with involved fathers are more likely to do well. This study seeks to introduce the social and historical constructs of fatherhood. Greater knowledge of father’s importance
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS
proves fatherhood affects everyone, directly or indirectly.
ARE HBCU CAMPUS QUEENS ADEQUATELY DEVELOPING #LOOKSORLEADERSHIP AS STUDENT LEADERS DURING THEIR REIGNS? ASHLEIGH TAYLOR
HBCU Campus Queens represent their esteemed institution during an intensive year encompassing coronation, community service and leadership. Often Queens’s leadership contributions are quantified by their presence at athletic functions and community appearances. Additionally, social calendar obligations crowd their ability to provide programs effectively while balancing personal lives and academics. African- American women are portrayed in popular culture and media by the opinions of a few. Rarely are the accomplishments of Campus Queens, historically and current, showcased or discussed. In an age where beauty is calculated and specified by external entities, the relevancy of the HBCU Queen continues to be questioned. Critics debate whether the role is ornamental or functional within institutional student leadership. The interactive session seeks to uncover and broadcast how these historic classifications establish influential leadership within young women. Popular research examining HBCUs, African American women and female leadership will be utilized to discuss and inform.
TIGHTENING UP THE BLACK BELT: EFFORTS OF TUSKEGEE’S NANOBIO PARTNERSHIP LEONARD D. TOWNS
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) make up roughly 2 percent of the nation’s colleges and universities and are the most effective producers of Black undergraduate-level Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates. According to recent data from the National Science Foundation (NSF), 42 percent of the top 50 institutions who send Black undergraduates to Masters and Ph.D. programs are HBCUs. However, HBCUs only receive 1.7 percent of the $5 billion awarded in grants to universities from the NSF. Tuskegee University’s NanoBio Science Partnership for the Alabama Blackbelt Region, a product of that 1.7 percent, was developed prepare students along Alabama’s historic Black Belt to perform better in science courses and to enhance teacher quality, quantity, and diversity. A partnership consisting of five Universities, Five Community Colleges, and ten school districts serves more than 80 teachers and more than 8000 students in middle grades. The partnership is ultimately set u to develop curriculum modules from highly qualified professionals, train teachers to use the modules, increase the number of highly qualified science teachers in the Black Belt, and to conduct research and evaluate the outcome of the partnership’s efforts.
IN THE SHADOW OF THE TIGER: TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NORTH NASHVILLE COMMUNITY, 1912-1970 LEAROTHA WILLIAMS JR.
For most of its history, Tennessee State University has been one of the most important and long standing institutions in the North Nashville community, its only rivals being the numerous black churches that also call the area home. Since its opening in July 1912, the school has served as a visible symbol of black potential, perseverance, and protest in the face of unrelenting state sanctioned racism. This paper explores the growth of the North Nashville community and its intimate relationship with Tennessee State University. For many Black Americans who sought to receive an education at TSU, North Nashville served as a home away from home that provided a much-needed refuge from the dehumanizing effects of white supremacy. Similarly, the scores of stores, nightclubs, and churches that emerged in close proximity to TSU’s campus also bore witness to the economic prosperity ushered in by the growth of the institution. During this period, North Nashville also became a stage upon which the school’s students and administrators would participate in one of the most important dramas in American history. Indeed, the teachers, politicians, and protesters that emerged from this area would have a lasting effect on Nashville and the state of education in Tennessee and America for decades to come.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM PRESENTER BIOS
MEREDITH ANDERSON, PH.D.
SYDNEY FREEMAN JR., PH.D.
Meredith Anderson is a senior research associate in the Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute and Advocacy team at UNCF. Meredith earned her B.A. & Ph.D. in Political Science from Texas A&M University. Prior to joining UNCF, Meredith was a Program Evaluator for a school district and lecturer at American University.
Dr. Sydney Freeman Jr. is associate professor of higher education at the University of Idaho. His research investigates the challenges facing higher education administration programs, specifically, higher education as a field of study and the university presidency. An Oakwood University alumnus, he serves on multiple academic journal editorial and review boards, including serving as the founder and editor-in-chief of The Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education and serves as the managing editor of The Journal of HBCU Research + Culture.
FATIMA BARNES, ED.D., MPH, MSIS Fatima Barnes is an assistant professor at Meharry Medical College. She is an associate vice-president of Instructional Technologies in Academic Computing and has also worked as the library director for the past eight years.
BRIAN K. BRIDGES, PH.D. Brian K. Bridges serves as vice president of research and member engagement, and leads UNCF’s Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute (FDPRI). In this role Dr. Bridges serves as UNCF’s chief research officer, principal editor and contributor for FDPRI’s publications and the manager of internal and external projects involving capacity building, evaluation and assessment.
J. KENYATTA CAVIL, ED.D. J. Kenyatta Cavil is an associate professor and sports management program coordinator at Texas Southern University. A graduate of Prairie View A&M University and Texas Southern University, he is a prominent voice and preeminent scholar on HBCU sport business and sports culture theory.
CARL DARNELL Carl Darnell, M.Ed. is a Ph.D. candidate in Higher Education and Student Affairs at Indiana University. A native of Huntsville, Alabama and an alumnus of Tennessee State University, where he completed a bachelor’s degree in computer science, and a master’s degree in education administration and supervision, he has written and presented on college partnerships and conducted research on HBCU land-grant extension services in the twentyfirst century. He chronicles his one-man quest to visit every HBCU campus on www.hbcutrek.com.
CYNTHIA GAINES Cynthia Gaines is a technical information specialist at the National Library of Medicine and serves a the project director for NLM’s Environmental Health Information Program (EnHIP) for HBCUs, and tribal colleges. EnHIP is a long running outreach project. She also manages a Distance Learning Program in Los Angeles, Hawaii, and Alaska.
CECKA ROSE GREEN Cecka Rose Green, #FAMU10for10 Challenge creator, is communications director for Florida Housing Finance Corporation. At Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Green majored in English, was a presidential scholar, a university cheerleader, and was initiated into Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Among other accolades, she’s a 2015 “FAMU NAA Distinguished Alumni” and HBCU Digest’s “Alumna of the Year.”
BRITTANY-RAE GREGORY Brittany-Rae Gregory is a graduate of Wellesley College, where she studied the African American experience, especially depictions of African Americans. She worked in public relations before completing a master’s degree in mass communications at Middle Tennessee State University. She is currently a Ph.D. student in the Communications, Culture and Media Studies Program at Howard University in Washington, D.C.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM PRESENTER BIOS
ONI HADIYA Oni Hadiya is a senior professional english student at North Carolina A&T State University. Her passion lies in Black Feminist Critical Theory & Literature. Dedicated to the narratives of Black women, Oni serves as the President of 100 Collegiate Women of A&T. Her research focuses on Black women’s ethnography and identity politics.
STEPHEN G. HALL, PH.D. Stephen G. Hall is an historian specializing in 19th and 20th century African American and American intellectual, social and cultural history and the African Diaspora. He is the History Program Coordinator at Alcorn State University. Hall is proud graduate of the Honors Program at Morgan State University where he received a bachelor’s in history. He received an MA in African American Studies with a concentration in History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a Ph.D. in History at the Ohio State University.
CAROLINE HARPER, PH.D. Caroline Harper is a policy analyst at the UNCF’s Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute. Her research examines the intersection of education, race, social inequalities, and public opinion within the context of urban areas. Caroline earned her Ph.D. in political science from Howard University and her M.A. in communication from University of Houston.
SHANNON M. JORDAN, MPH Shannon M. Jordan is a chemist at the National Library of Medicine. She manages and develops environmental health and toxicology databases. As a member of the biomedical information team, she also provides outreach and training. Ms. Jordan received her bachelor’s in chemistry and Master of Public Health degrees from Howard University.
NICOLE JOSEPH, PH.D. Nicole M. Joseph is assistant professor of Mathematics Education at the University of Denver. Recently a National Academy of Education Spencer Postdoctoral Fellow, she is currently examining the origin and development of STEM education
for Blacks attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities during de jure segregation. She uses Critical Race Theory to frame this work.
EBONEE R. MAYO-MITCHELL, PH.D. Ebonee R. Mayo-Mitchell currently serves as program analyst for National Park Service-Office of Youth Programs. She earned her doctorate in higher education from Morgan State University. Mayo-Mitchell completed her bachelor’s degree at Johnson C. Smith and earned two master’s degrees from Howard University. Her research interests are college choice, enrollment, college readiness, and media attention of HBCUs.
MARQUISE M. MCGRIFF Marquise M. McGriff is a junior at Florida Memorial University. He is the founder and CEO of Club 1964, Inc. – a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation of HBCUs. He aspires to cultivate generations of HBCU Scholars & Grads that will end the debate of: Are HBCUs Still Relevant?
MEARDITH A. POOLER, MSPH Meardith A. Pooler earned her degrees in sociology and public health, from Georgia State University and Meharry Medical College, respectively. She is a doctoral student at Florida A&M University. Her goals include fostering a clinical medicine-public health practice collaboration and improving health through health education and health outcomes research.
FRANKLIN D. RIVERS III, MBA A certified certified in USA Track and Field Level III Coach, Franklin D. Rivers III was inspired by his experience as a former Flying Tiger of the Tennessee State University men’s track and field team and uses his background in business and sports leadership management to conduct research on HBCU sports and HBCU athletic administration. Rivers recently received both his master’s degree in sports leadership and management and his Master of Business Administration from Middle Tennessee State University.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM PRESENTER BIOS
ALISA A. SIMON, MPH
LEAROTHA WILLIAMS JR., PH.D.
Alisa Simon is a graduate of Hampton University and University of Toledo. She earned her degrees in biology and public health, respectively. Her research interests are HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases. She is a doctoral student at the Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University.
Dr. Learotha Williams, Jr. is an assistant professor of African American and public history at Tennessee State University. A native of Tallahassee, Florida, he earned his Ph.D. in history from Florida State University in 2003. He is spearheading the North Nashville Heritage Project, which seeks to encourage a greater understanding of the history of North Nashville including the Jefferson Street District, and its historic relationship to the greater Nashville community.
E. CLARE STEWART, MSPH E. Clare Stewart is a second-year doctoral student in the Institute of Public Health at Florida A&M University. Her research interests include health inequities, fatherhood, collegiate health and minority family systems. She received her master of science in public health from Meharry Medical College School of Graduate Studies and Research and a bachelor of arts in biology from Fisk University.
LEONARD D. TOWNS-NEWBY Leonard D. Towns-Newby is a doctoral candidate at Auburn University in the Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, & Technology. A native of Atlanta, Georgia, Leonard earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Morehouse College and a master’s degree in education from Clark-Atlanta University. Leonard is currently an instructor of psychology at Tuskegee University and a graduate assistant for the Tuskegee/Auburn Nano-Bio Math and Science Partnership. Leonard’s research interests include educational theory, policy and program evaluation.
R. C. WINGFIELD JR., PH. D. Dr. Wingfield currently serves as associate professor and discipline coordinator within the chemistry at Fisk University. At Fisk he is currently serving as the director of the Fisk Community Environmental Toxics Awareness and Sustainability Program. He is a B.S. graduate of Fisk University and received his Ph. D. from the University of Cincinnati in physical bioorganic chemistry. He is currently serving on the Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County Wastewater Hearing Authority, and the State of Tennessee Compliance Advisory Panel.
BEVERLY L. WRIGHT, PH.D.
JANET K. WALSH, ED.D.
Beverly L. Wright, Ph.D. environmental justice scholar and advocate, author, civic leader and professor of sociology, is the founder of the Dillard University Deep South Center for Environmental Justice in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Center addresses environmental and health inequities utilizing a community/university partnership to provide education, training and job placement for underserved populations in environmental justice communities along the Mississippi River Chemical Corridor and throughout the United States.
Dr. Janet K. Walsh has over 17 years of experience enhancing academic library services through technology, marketing, administration, and instruction. A graduate of Fisk University, the University of Missouri Library School, and Tennessee State University. Her professional experience includes: Sirsi Corporation, Fisk, University of Kentucky Library Exchange, American Baptist College and Ingram Library Services. She currently serves as assistant professor and director of the Avon Williams Campus Library, Tennessee State University and as president of African American Church Historians and Archivists.
Geremy Cheeks, MBA is a doctoral candidate at Texas A&M University in the Department of Health and Kinesiology. He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in business administration from Florida A&M University. His research and scholarship focuses on HBCU athletics and revenue generation disparities between HBCUs and PWIs based on his experience as a former intercollegiate athletics administrator.
GEREMY CHEEKS, M.B.A.
2015 HBCUSTORY SYMPOSIUM SPONSORS
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In keeping with the academic “publish or perish” mantra, HBCUstory Inc. proudly introduces the inaugural edition of The Journal of HBCU Research + Culture, edited by Dr. Crystal A. deGregory and Dr. Sydney A. Freeman Jr. An interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal, The Journal of HBCU Research + Culture (HBCUR+C) publishes — in print and digitally — a wide range of scholarly articles relating to Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
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