Coronary Angiography - Heart Test
This is a real time invasive contrast imaging of the coronary arteries. Special catheters are introduced via femoral or radial artery and contrast is injected directly into the coronary arteries. Continuous simultaneous fluoroscopy is done. The imaging is 2D and assessment of the blocks is by assessing the diameter reduction of the artery.
Method of Coronary Angiography (CAG) The special catheter needs to be guided into the coronary artery to perform CAG. The access can be from femoral artery (in the groin) or Radial artery (at the wrist). Traditionally CAG was done through femoral route. It is often uncomfortable for the patient and needs overnight stay at hospital. However, femoral artery being a larger vessel, this approach is easier and versatile.
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Radial Angiography When the approach is radial, it does not affect patient’s mobility and he can be home the same evening. Most often the angioplasty if required, can also be done via this route. The only disadvantage is that radial artery is more likely to go into spasm (temporary shrinking while handling). This can make manipulation of the catheter difficult and cause discomfort to patient. In such situations the approach may have to be changed to femoral.
Risks of CAG Remember, coronary angiography is an invasive procedure. It is not without its share of complications. So it is important to be sure of the need for CAG before going ahead.
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