Heartland Magazine Issue 36 by The Northern Rivers Times

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From the Publishers

Well, here we are again, that time of the year everyone looks exhausted and tempers are short. Shops are packed and parking is nowhere to be found, the kids are screaming, moneys running low, family plans for Christmas are next and you will probably be able to sit down for 5 minutes, at some time on Boxing Day.

QUANTA LINES can help you with all your power needs large or small. Our friendly and experienced staff will assess your needs, and can design, construct and manage your project from start to finish. Whether it’s moving a pole, upgrading your power supply, or full electrical infrastructure and telecommunications pit & pipe for a new subdivision or development, QUANTA LINES will provide the whole package.

On Christmas Day, look at Christmas and the gifts through your children and or grand childrens eyes, all the pre Christmas rush will have been worth it. This issue of Heartland Magazine is actually the 36th month of us publishing it. 3 Years, wow it has gone quick and I have to be honest, as hard as it is each month to put together for you, we love doing it still and actually look forward to going to work each day.

Heartland Magazine on the Road Ray Essery catching up with the Heartland Magazine news at the Clarence Valley Country Muster.

As you read this magazine, people will be able to buy it throughout NSW, Victoria and Queensland - country and coastal. We have expanded to the next step, we have a great distributor getting magazines to every town and city in these three states, Tasmania is next and should be available from March (2020). We thought long and hard about the cover price of the magazine, as it is such a sought after magazine, we wanted our current readers and new readers to be able to afford it each month, and we are happy with our chosen $4.95 per magazine and the feedback from our readers has been overwhelming with “it’s about time” and “congratulations”.

Take a photo at home, with the family, at a Cafe or whilst travelling, reading your latest Heartland Magazine and send it with your name and location to jeff@heartlandmedia.com.au

We have worked long and hard on this issue, as you will see, we have made the cover very special and not lost our quality trademark.

and we’ll publish it in a forth coming issue

To all of our readers, new and old, please enjoy this issue of Heartland Magazine - we love it and we hope you do too. Issue 37 will be out mid January and we’ll be working right through the break to bring you another very special and interesting month of Heartland Magazine. If you are a new reader (or current reader), you are most welcome to write or ask us to write about your life, partner, family or work. Remember, once you are gone, all your memories are gone with you, leave a legacy behind for future generations to read about your life.

In 1818 - The Christmas carol ‘Silent Night’ was sung for the first time.

Please have a very Merry Christmas and a safe New Year and we will see you in 2020. Thank you one and all, Sharon, Jeff, Sophie and Bella

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Issue 37 Available from over 900 select Newsagents and Rural Outlet Stores from January 12th, 2020 through Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland coastal and regional areas. If your newsagent or stockist doesn’t have a copy ask them to call us on 1300 679 787. Subscriptions welcome call Sharon on 1300 679 787 for a 6 or 12 month subscription delivered to your door each month. Heartland Magazine |

December/January edition 2020 PUBLISHED by Heartland Media 81 Walker Street, Casino NSW 2470 02 6662 6222 TO ADVERTISE in Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sharon Bateman at sharon@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222

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Helen Trustum

Farmer Sophie Adventures

TO TELL US YOUR STORY for Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sophie at sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222

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Profile

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Motoring History

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Truck History

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Heartland Magazine Regional Offices Casino – 02 6662 6222 Toowoomba - 07 4580 1122 Newcastle – 02 4044 5612 Dubbo – 02 6834 8955 Tamworth – 02 5733 4522 Canberra – 02 5104 5122 Bendigo – 03 5410 1222 © Heartland Magazine 2019. All material in Heartland Magazine is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Please contact us for further information if required.

www.heartlandmagazine.com.au ISSN 2652-337X (Online) ISSN 2652-3361 (Print) Special thank you to Helen Trustum Thank you to Denise Alison - Humans of Lismore, Maclean Historical Society, Uki Historical Society, Tamworth Historical Society and all of our contributors.

Heartland Media welcomes stories that are submitted via writing however we will publish them in their entirety and will not edit them in any way...some stories have tried to recreate events, locales and conversations from personal memories of them. In order to maintain their anonymity in some instances people have changed the names of individuals and places, or may have changed some identifying characteristics and details such as physical properties, occupations and places of residence. We do not take responsibility for the way the story reads or grammatical errors. We are simply transferring them from the heart.

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Once you are gone, your memories are gone with you. Let us tell your story and leave your history with your family and future generations to show you were here and the life you left behind. Call Heartland and let us tell your story in quality Call us on 02 6662 6222 or Email: sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au

The Heartland Team

Sharon - Co Founder Sales

Jeff - Co Founder Graphic Design & Layout

Sophie Writer & Research

Bella Security

Contents

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Heartland Magazine |

Dick Mallett – North Casino

The family first farmed on the Red Hill at Tatham. They share farmed for Henry and Amy Boyter milking cows and receiving 1d for a pound of butter. This farm is where Trevor and Wendy Bryant now live. Tragedy struck the family in 1935 when Dick Snr died from tetanus as a result of an infected tooth. Annie moved back to the family farm at Clovass.

Helen Trustum Dick was born Frederick Mallett (Dick) on 20th September 1935 to parents Frederick Henry (Dick Snr) and Annie Mallett nee Schieler. Frederick, was the son of Edward (Ted) and Mary Mallett. The family lived at Clovass. They had moved there from Caniaba then later, moved to Byron Bay. Annie’s father, Philip Schieler married Theresa Kempnich in 1887. Their family; Francis, Philip, William (Killed in Action in WW1), Margaret, Rosalie. Also, an unnamed child, where Theresa lost her life, plus her child in 1897. Ann Mallet

Philip remarried in 1899 to Mary Haydon and their family names are Joseph, Mary, John, Annie (Dick’s mother) and Antonio. Philip and Mary later moved to Clovass in 1915 along with his two brothers and a sister, where Schielers Road is named after him. It was the first farm split off from the Tomki Homestead. The year 1915 will be long remembered as the one of the biggest droughts in history. Only 7 inches of rain fell for the entire year. A well was dug and at 29 feet where they struck water. This well, watered 3 herds of cattle in that year and has never been dry. Clovass was named after Clovass House in Ireland. Philip’s parents were Jodocus (Jost) and Christina Scheiler from Germany. They arrived in Australia on 18th September 1855 and first settled in Braidwood then Greenridge in 1886. He Phillip Scheiler with daughter Molly selected 365 acres where the land was cleared to grow corn and grapes. After the disastrous 1887 flood in which his vines were destroyed, he started again on higher ground where he built along with his son Josh a wine shop on the Casino/Coraki road opposite the Greenridge School. Disaster struck in 1914 where house and wine shop were burnt to the ground.

Dick with “Combo”

The children attended Clovass Public School walking the three miles. The school consisted of one room. Dick remembers Clarrie Hermann, Johnny Brooker and Johnny Cowan as special friends at school. Teachers over the time were Mr Ward, Mr Abernethy and Ida Murray. He remembers a very sad time for Tatham in the June 1945 flood when Clarrie Hermann’s mother and her four children were drowned in the vicinity of Ray Misons farm. Mrs Mavis Hermann was 37 and the children were 7 months to 8 years. They were drowned when their boat in which they were being taken to safety capsized when they were crossing a gully that lead to the Dick and Fay’s wedding - 1970 river. The family lived on the property that is now owned by Brian Hamilton. Mr Hermann was left with three children Clarrie, Lennie and Patty. Tremendous damage was done to crops and fences were swept away in what was one of the worst floods in history. A very distressing time and one Dick will always remember. Dick began working with horses on the farm at the age of 11 years. He would have to climb up on a cream can to put the collars on the horses. Upon finishing school Dick began working for Betty and Harry Elliott at Clovass, he remained with them for five years. He returned home to the farm in 1961 when his Uncle Jo was not well. His Uncle passed away and Dick remained on the farm.

Philip died 13th August 1935 aged 78 years, Theresa in 1897 and Mary on 23rd January 1916 aged 52 years. All buried in West Street Cemetery, Casino. Frederick (Dick Snr) Mallett married Annie Florence Schieler on 29th June 1932 in Casino. Family; Josie, Dick and Trevor. 8

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Frederick (Dick Snr) passed away 20th March 1935 aged 32 years and Annie passed away 25th January 1969 aged 64 years.

Frederick Mallett

Josie married Wilf Warren, Dick

married Fay Hammond and Trevor married Margaret Stocks.

Granny Mallet with Josie and Dick

In 1971 Dick began working for Len Day (LV Day) in Casino. His brother Trevor and Harold Smith owned the business. He was still with them when it was called Days Machinery and was awarded top salesman in Australia and New Zealand in 1988. Ross Shields purchased the first International Header Dick sold. Warren Rogers at Pimlico purchased seven Internationals tractors over the time from him. Dick remained with Days Machinery for over 20 years until Fay became ill and he returned home to look after her. Fay passed away on 21st August 1995. Their two boys Andrew and Peter were a great support for Dick. Andrew married Kim Dorrington – family Joshua and Kayla; Peter married Allison Barbagello and their family are Lachlan and Izaac. A great tradition in the Mallett Family is recording the rainfall. Dick has records going back to 1887 recorded by his Grandfather Philip Schieler. Dick remarked, “ what is being said about Climate Change, nothing has changed and nothing will change. We will always have floods, droughts, Josie and Dick wind and heat. Who is going to change the weather.” He remembers the shocking floods of 1945, 48, 54 and 56. Reminiscing on early Casino, Dick remembers helping Alf Ranson deliver eggs to Jack Black for the Mable Bar. He won’t forget all those steps that led up to the kitchen. Delivering calves to the old saleyards in Dyraaba Street (now

Josie, Dick and Trevor on the farm

Casino Joinery) and pigs across the road in a 1946 Chev ute which he purchased of Len Day for 100 pound in 1962. Dick remember’s the cream carrier Vic Nippress where the cream was picked up Dick’s first tractor - International 1960. and taken to the Casino Butter Factory. On their return trip, items such as bread and ice for the ice chest he would deliver. A wonderful service was done by the cream carrier. Dick’s mother would often keep things cold by lowering them down the well. When George Nowlan would come out to fix the windmill the first thing he would do was dip a billy down the well for a drink. This is the well that was dug in Dick on the farm with Holly - 2006 1915 and still in use. Show day was a grand affair and enjoyed by all, the annual trip to Casino show. Dick remembers the old showground which was on the hill behind St Michaels Nursing Home. You would enter through the gate that is now Light Street. Business’s in Casino Heathwoods, Glyns, Smiths; Dentists - Hume, Mortimer, Wardell; Doctors -Jabour, Standish and Small; Chemists - Locketts, Johnsons and Skullys; and of course The Marble Bar. Dick has a set of wire strainers (only 2 in Australia) with a motor bike chain works on cogs. Gordon Schieler has the other one. They were made by Frank Schieler. Dick, who has just had his 84th birthday, now resides Dick with trophy - 1988 in Sherwood Park, North Casino and travels each day to the farm to do chores. Always watching to see when the next lot of rain will fall. This is still the original Mallett farm that was purchased all those years ago. Dick now has the pleasure of living with good friend Betty Fletcher. Since Betty has come into Dick’s life in 1996 they have had many trips away including New Zealand and Tasmania. For his 80th birthday Dick and Betty went to Norfolk Island. A trip they enjoyed immensely. Ref; From the files at the Richmond River Historical Society also Dick Mallett 17/9/2019.

Betty, Dick and Holly - Sept 2019

Heartland Magazine Special Feature |

School of the Air

Pulling into the drive-way Bell, my dog greets me with her sloppy kisses and wild whipping tail. Something tells me that she loves the new nail colour I have chosen and agrees that the shade of pale pink will certainly pop against the slightly browned grass that sheets the farms ground. Checking the water tank, I realise its time to pump some water. Gracefully climbing down the ladder, Bell senses that we are about to embark on yet another farm saga. Tossing the petrol in the back of the car, we head down the paddock toward the creek. Filling the pump with petrol, it becomes clear that maybe I should have brought a funnel to assist with my pouring technique. Successfully getting some fuel into the actual tank, I push the on button and pull the cord, which can only be described as a small leap into the air, as if you were trying to get last seasons jeans on by jumping and pulling at the same time. Getting back to the house we realise the water isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t reaching the desired destination. Near to the house I see the polly pipe had burst apart and there was water gushing out all over the crunchy grass beneath. Stopping the pump, the fixing process begins and although the thistles and biting flies are doing my head in, I succeed, and the pipe is reconnectedâ&#x20AC;Ś. visually at least. Once again, I start the pump and the same thing happens. My dog backs away, knowing that my reaction will be a version of the English language that should never be said especially with the surrounding hills creating some impressive acoustics. It was then obvious that further attention was required to the effected section of pipe. Taking a picture on my phone I knew I was armed with appropriate evidence for the unsuspecting workers at the irrigation shop the next day. At this point we were done on this task for the day but to use the day light we had left, Bell and I decided to get the tractor and slasher out and see if we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sort some of these weeds out. A short 20mimutes later I finally release the hand break and my tractor is cruising down the paddock slashing the grass like terminator in extreme slow motion. As much as I trust the torch on my phone to be able to see to drive my tractor at night, I decide to call it a day and head home just before dark. Smiling to myself like a Cheshire Cat, I thought to myself how I was starting to really get the hang of this farming extravaganza. Approaching the very last hill before putting my machinery away in the shed, I remember the advice given to me when driving the tractor up an incline. Looking at it now, I should have written down exactly what was said to me because I can guarantee that if you put your tractor in 3rd gear and in high range, you will not make it up the hill. Almost to the top of the hill the tractor stops and rolls backward down the hill with a squealing girl, gripping onto life like two sides of a zipper on a cute Chanel dress. After a short pep talk and some deep breathing, I decide that it was a lesson learnt that I will never forget again. Reassessing my choice, I decide to try again using a different gear and range which carried me to a victorious park in the shed. Sometimes even with the perfect shade of pink nail colour, you wont necessarily have a perfect day. A new day you can reset tomorrow and if need be reapplying a fresh coat of varnish. 10 | Heartland Magazine

On the 8th of June 1951, the first School of The Air opened and began educating children in remote areas. Miss Adelaide Miethke, who was a member of the Royal Flying Doctors first came up with the idea in 1944, when she saw a way through radio to connect school-teachers with the children who lived too far from towns to attend conventional schools. In 1950 Miss Adelaide approached John Flynn, founder of Royal Flying Doctors, to ask permission for a trial using the RFD radio system. In 1951 the first School of The Air was opened in Alice Springs. In the beginning the students were only able to hear their teachers and were not able to respond. Later with the two-way radio students were able to respond to their teachers and speak to other kids. Lessons were overseen by a parent of a governess who would help the children with their long- distance education. The distance may still be the same in kms but with technology today the gap seems smaller. School of The Air is now helped along with internet connections which allows students to email, skype, video link and connect with their teachers and class-mates on a more personal level. The school still has many of the conventional aspects of regular schools with the students participating in excursions as well as being represented by school captains and have a school magazine. School of the Air has the motto, Parted but united and this has been the true aim of the school allowing children in remote or difficult to reach areas be a part of a community while reaching their educational full potential.

HEARTLAND MAGAZINE ON THE ROAD Located 8 km west of Mungindi on the Carnarvon Highway is the One Ton Post. It’s a marker of sheer determination - in the thick of the bush outside Mungindi, the One Ton Post stands out as a remarkable physical monument erected by surveyor JB Cameron to mark the end of the arduous three year task of surveying the straight section of the Queensland/ New South Wales border, from Cameron Corner to the Barwon River. Following the completion of the survey from Barrigun to Cameron Corner, JB Cameron then set out to survey the 199.5 miles east from Barrigun to the Barwon River. The One Ton Post was placed on the west bank of the Barwon River near Mungindi to mark the end of the survey of the twentyninth parallel (degree of latitude) in October 1881. Remarkably, you can place your hands on the very peg that JB Cameron erected with his own hands over a century ago. It gets better; the One Ton Post is the original survey peg whereas at Cameron Corner, sadly they’ve had to replace theirs with a cement marker. ** The second paragraph of the sign at the marker (which is almost certainly the largest survey marker in the country) reads: “The absolute determination of the 29th parallel was begun in 1879 when surveyors George C Watson from Qld, and John B Cameron from NSW met at Barringun. Moving west they experienced floods and droughts. These, coupled with disagreement with the younger Cameron, caused Watson to withdraw at the 100-mile post. However, Cameron persevered to reach the South Australia Border some 12 months later. The survey east from Barringun was much easier and he reached the Barwon at Mungindi in October 1881. To celebrate the conclusion of a very difficult survey Cameron cut and placed a one-ton post on the bank of the Barwon River, three miles west of Mungindi. It still remains as a testament of Cameron’s achievement and is believed to be the largest wooden survey peg in Australia.”

Roma’s largest bottle tree, which has the incredible girth of 9.51 metres, a height of six metres and a crown of 20 metres, was transplanted by Roma Town Council to its present location from a local property in 1927. The tree was well grown at the time of the transplant and quite possibly originated in the nineteenth century.

Mellors Drapery Store Mellors Drapery Store at 28 Capper Street is a true rarity: it is one of the few buildings in Australia which still uses a ‘flying fox’ to deal with transactions. A ‘flying fox’ recalls a time where there were no computers, no bar codes, no cash registers and, because they could employ so many people, department stores used wonderful, humanintensive devices to deal with all transactions. Two people for every sale! This is how it worked. Say, hypothetically, I went into the menswear section to buy a shirt. I would purchase the shirt. The salesperson would write out a docket in duplicate (there was carbon paper which would copy your handwriting from the original docket to one below it). He or she would then place the docket with my money into a canister which would then be placed on a metal wire which ran up to an office in the middle of the store. The canister would be sent hurtling up the wire until it reached a person in an office above the sales floor. That person would remove the canister, check the docket and the money, place the change and a receipt in the canister and send it whizzing back to the salesperson. With the arrival of cash registers these wonderfully arcane devices started to disappear. In Gayndah there is one that still operates at Mellors Drapery. It is a novelty. The people who run the store – Robert and Marion Hodgson – have maintained it and, because it has been filmed a number of times – they attract tourists from all over the world. The Hodson’s are proud of the fact that a couple from the Netherlands actually travelled all the way to Gayndah to see this strange antiquated “cash register”.

The trout at St. George. (Brand New)

Picnic Point Lookout at Toowoomba. The panoramic views from Toowoomba’s heritagelisted Picnic Point Lookout and Parkland - 160-acres perched high on the crest of the Great Dividing Range, overlooking Main Range and the Lockyer Valley.

The Big Orange at Gayndah.

Heartland Magazine | 11

Lismore Square Shines this Christmas

Australian Marching Association

From the Community, For the Community

The Great Depression saw many changes for the world and sparked new pass times for people and young women in particular. During the 1930’s teams were formed with exercise programs to keep women fit and healthy. From this the sport of marching was developed with clubs and teams popping up all over the country. Throughout the 1940’s the sport developed a scoring system so that different teams were able to compete amongst one another.

Over the last 2 months Lismore Square have brought together some of the amazingly talented people from our community to create the Magical Christmas Kingdom that we have for our Santa Photo area this year! Our Set Builder Chuckie Brookes Our Artist Cathy Allen ART and Daniel Jackson and the amazing team from Jackson’s Technical Services who took care of illumination and worked with us on installation. These are the people who have worked together with the team here at Lismore Shopping Square to bring our community something truly unique and magical this Christmas. Everything for this set was sourced locally and created right here in centre. We are so proud to bring the Christmas Magic to Lismore this year at Lismore Shopping Square!

Broken Hill was one such city that had a strong marching team culture. Young ladies of the time would practice in teams of 9 plus one leader. There were 3 extra girls who learnt the routines and could step into anyone else’s position if a member was sick or couldn’t march. The team also had a flag carrier and as a group the ladies would perform routines which they were scored upon. Scoring the teams performance was based on certain categories from the dress and presentation of their uniforms, which involved a skirt, long sleeved top, gloves, hat and marching boots. The ladies would also use colour on their legs to enhance the overall appearance of the team. Precision was also a scoring factor, with the ladies having to keep their formations and lines together as a moving unit. The length of pace was also an important performance factor all the while performing set drills as well as incorporating their own choreography and creativity. Clubs had 3 teams, midgets, juniors and seniors. Clubs would compete in local competitions but would also travel to different places which allowed young girls to experience new towns and different people. Marching teams also participated and performed at parades, agricultural shows and social events. Overseeing the marching competitions was the Australian Marching Association up until 2012, when it was renamed Drill Dance Australia. Marching teams taught girls, discipline and confidence while creating a social outlet for girls from different schools and backgrounds to come together and relate over a shared interest.

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WELCOME BELINDA! Come in and meet Belinda Condon - DipApplSc Naturopathy - ATMS accredited Belinda is in store Tuesday to Friday from 9am to 4:30pm. Belinda graduated from ACNM Fortitude Valley, Brisbane in 1995. After graduation, she gained experience in a clinical setting in Chermside, moving into the fast-paced setting of health food stores in Brisbane City and surrounds, at one stage consulting in 4 stores around Brisbane!

She moved to the Northern Rivers 16 years ago to raise her daughter in our beautiful area.

We’re now happy to announce that we have a Naturopath in-store five days a week! We also have the largest range of vitamins, natural products and health foods in Casino. Our brands include; • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Bio Ceuticals Bioglan Blackmores Brauer Caruso’s Eagle Ethical Nutrients Herbs of Gold Isowhey Martin & Pleasance Mediherb Moo Goo Natures Own Oriental Botanicals Sukin Thompsons Thursday Plantation

On behalf of Viviana and the staff at Scrivener & Webb and Dina’s Gifts & Photography we would like to wish our wonderful customers a Merry Christmas and a Safe and Happy New Year!

Belinda has 25 years’ experience helping people from all walks of life. Her particular area of interest is digestion, the microbiome and gut health as the basis from which our bodies function with vigour and vitality. She believes in the power of the human body to balance and heal when given correct nourishment - through improved nutrition, herbal tonics, food supplements, vitamins, minerals and health restoring lifestyle adjustments. She understands and has experienced the great health potential of cooperation between modern and traditional medicine and how the two can complement each other brilliantly. Belinda has been enthusiastically welcomed by the professional team here at Scrivener & Webb, she is looking forward to meeting many more people in the Casino community and helping to change lives and lifestyles! So next time you’re down town drop in and say Hello!!

VITAMIN DISCOUNT DAYS! Seniors card holders receive 20% OFF* Retail Vitamins on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY!

We have fully qualified nursing staff at Scrivener and Webb 4 days a week. Angela and Trish. If you have any medical questions come in and see our friendly staff as they would be more than happy to help you. They are specialised in many areas of the pharmacy including but not limited to: • Wound care • Compression stockings • Blood pressure • Blood glucose • Cholesterol • Diabetes Trish Doohan is a Registered Nurse as well as a midwife. She is at Scrivener and Webb Mondays and Thursdays 10-1pm and Saturday 9-12. She is available to answer any questions regarding baby issues plus weighing babies. We are also a registered NDIS Provider.

On THURSDAYS all shoppers receive 20% OFF* Retail Vitamins! *Discount excludes health foods, meal replacement products, practitioner products, personal care products and already discounted items

Advertorial

Heartland Magazine | 13

Ayrton Gibson Born on the 8th of August in 1918 to parents, Ivy Gibson Sunderland and Elvira Paterson Sunderland, Ayrton Gibson, known as Ben, was the oldest of 7 children. On the 4th of June 1940, Ben joined the Australian Army in Nimbin. He trained at Paddington in Sydney and would visit family relatives in Sydney when he had leave. Around this time there were problems between the Italian immigrants and Australian Soldiers with tensions flaring on a regular basis. After Bens training, he joined the 2/15th Field Regiment at Rosebery Racecourse Sydney. The regiment began training at Ingleburn with 18 pounder guns, the type used during the First World War. In January 1941 the regiment moved into the new camp in Holsworthy. On the 29th July the regiment left Sydney on board the troop ship Katoomba for Perth. They were put on a ship called “Sibajak” which had very limited space and difficult sleep quarters which consisted of hammocks very close together. On the 15th of August they arrived in the harbor of Singapore. Many soldiers became sick with tropical sickness and the Wanganella was converted into a hospital ship. The 2/15th went into camp at Nee Soon, Singapore where the men trained and were able to familiarize themselves with the jungle. On Ben’s leave time, he sent Christmas greetings and a picture home to his family.

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On the 29th of December The Regiment came under fire for the first time. The night of January 30/31, 1942 saw the 2/15 regiment leave the mainland of Malaya and cross the causeway to Singapore Island. February 8th, 1942 saw the Japanese shelling in the Regiment area so intense that it was almost impossible to leave the protection of the slit trenches. The trenches and bomb shelters were flooded due to the heavy rain. On 15th February at 10.45 the CO was called to Tanglin Barracks and informed that a surrender had been arranged. The order issued to the Regt in connection with capitulation may be summarised as follows: “Strictest discipline and control of troops to be maintained. Officers to move about amongst the men and keep control. Japanese Officers must be saluted by those inferior in rank. Care to be observed that disparaging remarks were not to be made in hearing of Japs, as many of them spoke English. Warning was also given that the Japs were rounding up stragglers and that no one was to make any attempt to escape. February 17, 1942. The Japanese ordered the prisoners to commence to march to Changi at 15.30 hours, a distance of 16miles. Each man carried all his private gear, water bottle and two-day rations. Staff cars carried officers of the rank of Brigadier or over. All others marched with the men. Just as the column was about to move off, a verbal message was received by the CO to leave behind all vehicles except the water carts. This was ignored and the vehicles laden with gear and food moved with the column and arrived in tact at Changi

with their loads which in the weeks and months to follow were very valuable addition to the meagre rations and medical supplies issued to the POW’s by the Imperial Japanese Army. In the early hours of February 18th, the 2/15 Field Regiment arrived at hutted camp, very much damaged by fire and entered into occupation of that portion of Changi, known as Birdwood Camp. The Japanese wanted to build a railway line between Bangkok, Thailand and Myanmar to support its forces. They had about 18000 Asian Laborers and they told them that they would pay them so they could get them into the jungle to work on the railway. As soon as they arrived, they were treated the same way as the POW’s. The Japanese had no intention of paying them. An estimated 9,000 Asian Laborers and 16,000 allied POW’s died as a direct result of the project. (2,815 Australian soldiers were killed.) Ben and his mates were some of the POW’s that were made to work on the railway. For 5 days and nights prisoners were packed into steel freight cars 36 to a car with only enough room to crouch down. Illness, particularly dysentery became common. When the train stopped, they were made to walk 190miles to the site where they would work on the railway.

Following Gunner Ayrton Sunderland’s passing, his parents bought a beautiful brass lectern, holding his memory within the Church of England in Nimbin. In 2013 Harry Sunderland enquired about the lectern’s location. It had been stored in a storeroom as Church services were rarely held. After cleaning the lectern and restoring it back to its near original state, the lectern has been donated to Casino Military Museum 1st of October 2019

After the part of the railway line that Ben and his mates were working on was finished, they were sent on a Japanese Hell Ship to work in the Japanese mines. These ships had very bad living conditions and a reputation of having cruelty among the crew. Many died from asphyxia and prisoners were often crammed into cargo holds with little air, food and water for journeys that would last weeks. More then 20,000 Allied POW’s died at sea when the transport ships carrying them were attacked by Allied submarines and aircraft. Unfortunately, Ben was one of these many soldiers who lost his life when a USA Submarine sank the Hell Ship which he was on. His parents were notified that he was missing, and they searched desperately for information about their son. The soldiers that were found were transferred to a hospital in Australia which happened to be the same hospital the Ben’s sister worked at as a nurse. Ayrton’s parent received the dreaded telegram which read: It is with deep regret that I have to inform you that NX27932 Gunner Ayrton Gibson Sunderland previously reported missing believed deceased is now reported became missing and is for official purposes presumed to be dead on the 16th September 1944 and desire to convey to you the profound sympathy of the Minister of the Army.

Grief is a matter of the heart and soul. Grieve your loss, allow it in, and spend time with it. Suffering is the optional part. Grief, like a tree, has tears for its fruit. -

Philemon

The team at Parkview Funerals express our warmest thoughts to those grieving the loss of their loved one this Christmas, and once again acknowledge all of our 2019 clients on a tree of remembrance displayed in our foyer. Merry Christmas.

Heartland Magazine | 15

Camel Racing Downunder

Kyogle District Cricket Association 1959-60

Looking toward 2020, planning one’s social calendar for the new year can be tricky with so many interesting and fun events happening all around the country. After the wined down of Christmas and New Year festivities, time waits for no one and 2020 will be amongst us all.

Back Row, L. to R. F. BENNETTE; G. KNAPP, T. STUDDERS, D. ROSS, D THOMPSON, N. MCDONALD, L. WHITE, R. ALLEN, N. NEWTON, K. CHITTICK, R. GLEESON. For a family fun day out with something for everyone, camel racing is becoming increasingly popular. With events and races being held all around the country these incredible animals race amongst one other, usually 7 at any one time. The camels are ethically treated in both their north coast living arrangement, their transport and their event life. They race Australia wide, without the use of whips or any other restrictive apparatus. Although the camels race, it is a light-hearted event which is pressure free and light-hearted. Aside from the three camel races on the day there are many other activities and events for people of all ages. Kids will be entertained with amusement and pony rides as well as the whole family being able to shop at the market and food stalls available. Human T-Rex races are held and a rodeo, allowing the fun to continue. With already many locations hosting the camel racing, including Penrith, Dapto and Maitland at different times of the year, the races will be venturing to many more locations into the new year. To enjoy a fun day out with the family or for something a bit different, watch out for races into 2020 with Camel Racing Downunder.

Americans eat more food on Thanksgiving than any other day of the year, including Christmas Day. In fact, the second highest day of food consumption is Super Bowl Sunday! 16 | Heartland Magazine

Seated, E. LEES, J. HAINES (Capt.), G. MIHELL, K. PIGGOTT.

There are more than 14 million camels in the world – most of them live in the Middle East, Asia and Australia. A camel might appear to have thick fur, but its coat reflects the sun. This makes it ideal in the hot desert, and the camels don’t get too hot. The only time you will see a camel without a hump is when it is first born. Once the baby camel is old enough to eat solids, the hump (or humps) will start growing.

Clovass School - 1947

New Year Traditions Around the World Excitement mounts as a New Year arises with promises of fresh starts and new hopes and dreams just past the strike of 12midnight. It’s a time for friends and family and a chance to reconnect and consolidate bonds that may have been strained in the year prior. Fire works and champagne burst while parties rage on into the New Year. It is a time of self- reflection and a chance to do better into the future. To see the good and bad from the previous year and to set goals to reach new heights. New Year for Australians is another chance to party and spend time with loved ones, whether it be a family dinner of watching the fireworks and counting down. In Australia we have or own traditions for this time which are different and unique to those of other countries.

SPAIN- In Spain it is traditional to eat 12 grapes in hope to have good luck for each month of the following year. COLOMBIA- Colombians believe in carrying an empty suite case around the block in hopes to bring on new adventures and travel into the New Year. DENMARK- Plates are thrown at neighbours and friends doors in Denmark to ward off bad spirits and banish evil for the year ahead. The Danish also stand on chairs together at midnight and jump of as a way of leaping into the New Year. FINLAND- In order to predict the year ahead people in Finland pour molten tin into a container and then interpret the year ahead depending on what form the tin takes. PANAMA- For a fresh start to the New Year it is tradition in Panama to burn effigies that represent popular people from television or politics.

The person who crosses the threshold of a house first should bring a gift for good luck. It is tradition to hold large bon fires and swing large sticks with fire balls attached which represents the sun and purification. PHILLIPINES- The Filipinos believe that round shapes are lucky as it represents a coin and prosperity. Many families will have a bowl of fruit on their tables and many will eat 12 pieces of fruit as good luck for the following year. BRAZIL- It is important to have the right colour underwear on over New Year as it is believed to be good luck. Red underwear brings the promise of love and yellow hopes o encourage wealth and money. GREECE- Onions are hung over the tops of doors in Greece as a symbol of rebirth in the New Year. On New Years Day it is tradition for the parents to wake the children up by tapping the onion on the children’s head. ARMENIA- In Armenia mothers make a bread in which they knead and good luck into. CZECH REPUBLIC- It is said that by cutting an apple and looking at the shape of the core Czech people are able to predict what lies within the future for the next day. The celebration of the new year on January 1st is a relatively new phenomenon. The earliest recording of a new year celebration is believed to have been in Mesopotamia, c. 2000 B.C. and was celebrated around the time of the vernal equinox, in mid-March. A variety of other dates tied to the seasons were also used by various ancient cultures. The Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Persians began their new year with the fall equinox, and the Greeks celebrated it on the winter solstice.

SCOTLAND- Scottish people celebrate Hogmanay, “first-footing”. Heartland Magazine | 17

George Leslie White George was born in Earisfield in 1903. His father, Edward Allen White was a coffee manufacturer. George’s passport was approved on 6th June 1921. He sailed from England on the Benalla, arriving in Sydney on 29th October 1921. He left behind a brother, Stan and two sisters, Ethel and Gladys. My father shared with me an experience he had during WW1. His trouser leg got caught in his bike chain just as an air raid siren sounded. He made it home in a great deal of stress. His stepmother was very cruel to him. One of his tasks was to clear the snow from the front door in winter. George was a junior clerk, but he decided to take up the challenge of leaving his country for an unknown adventure in Australia. He read of the opportunity for young boys to train as farmers in Australia. So off he sailed on the Benalla clutching a packet of Players Cigarettes his father had given him as a going away present. I don’t know if that was a good going away present or not as he smoked right up to his death of lung cancer.

Father married Myrtle Brooker in March 1936 at the Anglican Church in Kyogle. They had three children; a daughter Lesley (that’s me) and two sons. Second World War started but my father was rejected for service because he had flat feet. Over the years my father was a share farmer around Kyogle until he bought his own farm at Homeleigh where he remained until farming became too much to manage. He sold his beloved farm in 1966, and moved into Kyogle but his health started to decline. Both my parents are buried in the Kyogle cemetery. Mother died aged 55 while my father lived to 74. He died in 1977. Lesley White

He never went back to England. He was a Dreadnought Boy, and after training in agriculture he was sent by train to the Far North Coast, arriving in Kyogle where he was met by Chester Kenyon. Chester took him to Frank Griffiths, a farmer at Homeleigh, a district of Kyogle. His duties included hand milking, and clear felling rain forest trees with an axe and crosscut saw. They fell and burnt everything, beautiful hardwood and softwood trees and planted Kikuyu from South Africa for a quick grass covering. My father often spoke about working around wild bush turkeys. Then there were lyrebirds. They were great mimics of crosscut saws and yelling “timber” as though there was another worker a few yards away. Leaches were a big problem. They would slide into the workers boots and have a meal of blood. My father was a very good opera singer and made some records. He was a favourite to sing at dances. Unfortunately, from continual smoking he developed lung cancer.

11,118 gross tons, length 500ft x beam 62.8ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw, speed 15 knots. Accommodation for 1,100-3rd class passengers. Built by Caird & Co, Greenock, she was launched for the P.& O. Line on 27th Oct.1912 and made her maiden voyage from London to Colombo, Melbourne and Sydney in Mar.1913. In 1914 she became an Australian Expeditionary Force troopship and in 1917 was placed on the North Atlantic service under the liner requisition scheme. Returned to P & O. service in May 1921 and collided with the PATELLA and had to be beached at Pevensey. In 1927 she transported the first load of steel to Australia for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and in 1931 was scrapped in Japan.

Do you want to know what is happening in your local area or even across the Country? Head on in to Higgins News and pick up a copy of today’s newspaper or even a magazine. While you are there check out the great range of 2020 Diaries and Calendars that are now available. Also, have a look at the great new range of toys in our new toy area that have arrived in store just in time for Christmas. You will find something for all ages. We also offer a large range of stationery, cook books, puzzle books, giftware, cards, gift wrapping paper and also jigsaw puzzles. You never know what you might find at Higgins News.

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HISTORY THROUGH THE EYES OF A MAN WHO HAS LIVED IT Bush Fires and Drought by Rusty Watching this terrible thing unfold last month and the carry-on of the Greens pointing the finger at The Prime Minister and blaming him for all the fires, wind and drought. Years ago, when I was only a child attending a one teacher school at Whian Whian, just a short drive from Dunoon, we never knew what a bush fire was. Those days which many of the aged would remember, logging was the in thing. Fire trails were cut through the forest maybe about 30 feet which were well maintained and graded quite regular, which if any fire did break out it gave the edge to put it out quite quickly. Mind you there weren’t many fires those days. The only smoke we ever saw was when our father got the pipe out and lit up. But I suppose those were bush fires but not near as bad as the last few weeks. But instead of the politicians trying to gain brownie points and pull in together they are just in this to blame some one else. It’s the poor old farmer who is affected most. The drought hasn’t made things any easier on the producers and the fires just drove the last nail into a lot of coffins. Those men, women and their kids have been hand feeding for far too long and now it isn’t any better. The greens and labour (state level) are to blame for this terrible mess. When in power, they closed all the National Parks to cattle who keep the fuel that drives these fires down to a minimum. When starved of fuel the fires would not be as bad. There is a company around Casino

Tabulam area and their tree plantations have a minimum of damage because they purchased cattle to keep the fuel load to a minimum as their graze through the forest and making it a better place to live with less damage. Now if you look at the maps and what people have lost from fires, starting in the National Forest which had been locked up and allow the build up of the under bush. Its enough to break your heart. The only good coming from their big idea was the head up of wild kangaroos and dingos who come out of National Park and kill thousands of sheep and goats every year. These fools think they are doing the right thing to allow this wholesale slaughter of sheep, calves and wild goats to continue. The greens party and labour should have charges laid on them for neglect. This drought is really bad, and my heart goes out to them, who with no fault of their own just have to plug away, same thing every day. Day in, day out. With the price of a small bale of hay bringing $28.00 per bale it doesn’t seem much light at the other end. Best Wishes Rusty and Family

CHRISTMAS MASS TIMES 2019 Christmas Eve (Tuesday) Mallanganee 6.00 pm Casino 6.00 pm 8.00 pm Christmas Day (Wednesday) Casino 9.00 am

Many thanks St Mary’s Parish Casino PO Box 141 CASINO NSW 2470

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Sweet Day for Water

lucrative $18.5 Billion US water market. Mr Paule remarked; “The retailers can see the convergence with plant-based foods and sustainable living that we have been predicting for the last five years, and we’re excited to be a world first market leader with our patented technology”.

The first batch of Australian botanical water from sugar cane has today been loaded into a tanker at the Condong Sugar Mill in Northern NSW. CEO of Sunshine Sugar, Mr Chris Connors said; “Australian beverage maker, AquaBotanical, invented an award-winning way to harvest the naturally stored water in fruit and vegetables at the same time as juice concentrate is made. Using this process, we are now able to use every available drop of water contained in the stalk of the sugar cane plant to create a new sustainable source of botanical drinking water. In short, we grow water.” This first batch of drinking water from the sugar cane plant comes just months after entering into the partnership with Aquabotanical and will make its way to a bottling plant in Victoria. Once sampled, this water will be bottled and is destined for the US water market. AquaBotanical Executive Chairman, Terry Paule, has recently returned from a trip to the US where he received an overwhelming response from the major retailers and distribution channels to successfully list AquaBotanical. These outlets include Whole foods, Starbucks, Baldor Foods and Chefs Warehouse.

Further installation of plant and equipment will be undertaken at the Condong Sugar Mill over the coming months. Sunshine Sugar and AquaBotanical plan to be fully operational and commence full-scale water from sugarcane production in the Tweed Valley at the start of the next crushing season in June 2020. Mr Connors added; “Sunshine Sugar remains focussed on the longterm sustainability of our industry. From our successful Low GI Sugar to this exciting water project with AquaBotanical – we are an industry that continues to look for future-focussed and strategically aligned ways in which to innovate and diversify.”a

The first orders will go to the US before the end of the year, marking the release of the world’s first plant-based pure water into the

Do you remember? Mmm, crunch, ah- In the 1970’s this popular slogan was used to promote Polly Waffle chocolate bars. The chocolate covered waffle, encased a marsh mellow log which many enjoyed as the different textures were something different in confectionary at that time. Hoadley’s Chocolates made the first Polly Waffle bar in 1947 in Melbourne. Rowntree acquired the Hoadley’s Chocolate Company in 1972, followed by Nestle in 1988. The popular Kit Kat bar forced Nestle to discontinue the Polly Waffle bar in 2009 after 62 years of the chocolate bar being on shop shelves. The Polly Waffle bar takes many back to their childhood days, with the bar back then costing around a shilling. Memories of the bar being a small luxury and a treat for kids and would often be associated with an afternoon at the picture theatre. Going to the pictures with a small amount of money needed to include the purchase of the ticket, and a drink. After finishing the drink many would return the bottle to get a few cents back which then allowed a little extra money to buy a Polly Waffle or some other snack. As Australians, we like to get creative with language using slang and terms to express not only what we are talking about but also how we feel about a particular object or person. Polly Waffle was often a slang term to describe a politician who obviously “waffles” on. In 2015 the Polly Waffle made a come-back, having a cult following which pushed a social media campaign to bring back the Polly Waffle. Chocolate Works, a Melbourne based company manufactured the chocolate bar, bringing back the iconic purple wrapped bars back to shelves across Australia.

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Thirsty Pallete Sometimes it can be difficult to see the glass as half full, with life throwing all sorts of curve balls and often creating stress which is sometimes hard to shake. Thirsty Pallet is one such place where your glass is always full, and the world slows down just enough to relax and rejuvenate for those who need time out. The Hunter Valley is abundant with beautiful scenery and incredible wineries and Thirsty Pallet adds a new and unique experience which compliments the region and surrounding properties. Thirsty Pallete offers a chance to create something wonderful through art or just wonderful memories of time well spent sipping wine and appreciating art.

groups by appointment.

free spirited soul translates into her art which overflows onto those who take her workshops. Andrew enjoys sharing his knowledge and passion for wine with private tastings, catering for large or small

The on-site boutique accommodation, Claremont Cottage, has 4 bedrooms for those who wish to enjoy the property a little longer. An art, wine and accommodation package are available with more time to enjoy the impressive views and scenery. Pets are welcomed as Jacquie and Andrew spoil their guests with their generous hospitality and attention to detail. With the weather set to warm this summer, there is the option to relax in the pool after a day of wine and art. Thirsty Pallete encapsulates beauty from the location to the finer strokes on a canvas. Located on Wilderness Road, Lovedale, Andrew and Jacquie enjoy their surrounds and seek to share their good fortune with visitors and friends. The pair can cater for any event or groups, including hens parties, corporate groups, honeymooners and anyone who enjoys a serene place to relax and unwind.

The vineyard and cellar door were established around 40 years ago and was known as Frasers before a name change to Warraroong. The quality of the vines is exceptional which has led the winery to award winning wines in particular their semillon variety. The grapes are hand picked to ensure quality and the vines are carefully pruned to restrict yield which gives a more intense flavour to the end product. Thirsty Pallete offers art workshops and wine tastings, Andrew and Jacquie run and own the winery having purchased the property in 2013. Thirsty Pallet has love sharing their success and celebrate their achievements with each visitor that they have come through their cellar doors. Taking inspiration from her surrounds, Jacquie is a passionate artist and enjoys sharing her experience through art workshops which are carefully thought out and catered toward the particular group. Her

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THE NEW ITALY MUSEUM Our Museums and facilities stand on acreage that was once part of the original New Italy Settlement. On the Pacific Highway in Northern NSW, between Byron Bay and Grafton, we are open seven days and entry is free. New Italy is a great place to rest, enjoy an excellent coffee and a unique Italian experience in the Australian bush land. Dedicated volunteers wanting to preserve the memory of the pioneering Italian families built the mud-brick Museum/Café, Italian Pavilion and Gift Shop buildings during the 1980s and 1990s. It is a quiet and relaxing stopover off the highway with ample free parking and space for caravans, picnic areas and room to walk your leashed dog. Often kangaroos can be seen lying about watching the site’s visitors. History New Italy had its beginnings in 1880, when poor farming families from the Veneto region in Northern Italy were beguiled by Frenchman, Marquis de Rays, to purchase land in a phantom paradise in the Pacific named La Nouvelle France (an imaginary kingdom east of Papua New Guinea). On their arrival they found there was no promised colony. Instead, after enduring disease and starvation in the festering climate of the tropics, the survivors were eventually brought to Sydney in April 1881. A substantial number of them reunited here over the coming years on some of the last land available for selection in New South Wales. As the community grew, it embraced the diverse cultures of the region. Our Museum and facilities commemorate the stories of the expeditioners and those families who established the vibrant community of New Italy, carved out of the poor bush land of the region. The Museums Historic New Italy features two museums run and curated by the Museums group, a sub-committee of the New Italy Museum Inc. management committee, comprising volunteers and community descendants. The New Italy Museum tells the pioneering story of the New Italy settlement while the Italian

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Pavilion showcases the broader history of Italian migration to Australia and our Northern Rivers region. The New Italy Museums’ collection boasts items from the 1880s voyage from Italy to Australia (a trunk, a musket, a book of bible stories and even bricks for a cathedral!) New Italy grown and spun silk, numerous heritage fabric and domestic items as well as agricultural equipment donated by settler families and the local community. Recently new displays have been developed and installed in the New Italy Museum that tell the tumultuous voyage from Italy and the eventual settlement of the New Italy settler families. About the New Italy Museum Entrance to the Italian Pavilion at Historic New Italy. Bring your family, friends, school or community groups for a tour of the museums, lunch under the grape vine trellises and enjoy a great coffee! Families’ – New Italy’s genealogy page The website - newitaly.org. au – includes a ‘Families’ page that enables descendants to search their family connections and perhaps add new details to the New Italy story. Casa Vecchia Gift Shop Meaning ‘old house’, the volunteer-run Casa Vecchia Gift Shop is situated in a replica of Antoniolli’s old mud brick house and wine shop. You will find books, gifts and souvenirs inspired by New Italy AND old Italy as well as fine work by local crafts people. All proceeds go directly to the maintenance of facilities and heritage development. The Park Of Peace and Anniversary Day Settler Giacomo Piccoli established The Park of Peace at his home at New Italy. Every year on or near 7th April, New Italy’s ‘Anniversary Day’, descendants of the pioneering families assembled for a special ceremony and tree planting to give thanks. The tradition grew and the Park of Peace is now an integral part of Historic New Italy, featuring rows of trees that have been planted by descendants. Anniversary Day continues as a day of celebration – thanksgiving, good food, wine, music and dance - for ALL of the community.

TAMWORTH HISTORY

Floods

Fires

At present it seems unlikely that Tamworth is going to suffer a flood any time soon, as we suffer our ongoing drought conditions.

With early Tamworth having mainly wooden buildings, no efficient town water supply and no fire brigade, there was always danger of serious fires in the small but growing town.

But it hasn’t always been so. Our first significant flood recorded by early white settlers was in 1840, Tamworth having a population of only around 400 at the time.

With the first Town Council established in 1876, the following year Mayor P.G.King led the quest for our first local fire brigade, which was eventually established in 1878. Our first “engine” was in fact a workforce-drawn device with two large wheels, a water container, hand pump and some hoses, known locally as “The Little Squirt”. The fire station was a 12’ x 12’ corrugated iron shed in Peel Street, situated near the present Centrepoint Arcade, with a barely audible fire bell located at the back. On one occasion “The Little Squirt” was summoned to a fire up the hill in West Tamworth, but the four-man brigade couldn’t cope with the incline and a dozen onlookers were required to assist by pushing the vehicle to the site of the fire. Eventually in 1908 horse-power was introduced, with the new station being a brick double-storey building with a horse paddock in Lower Street (now Kable Avenue).

Lucky the Fitzroy Street Redevelopment didn’t occur in 1910! This photo taken from the Post Office looks down to what was then our 3rd Showground (now No.1 Oval).

Later serious flooding occurred in 1864, 1908 and 1910, while of course many long-time older residents will have less than fond memories of the 1955 flood. Subsequent steps in flood mitigation lessened the impact on the town of later 1984 and 2000 events But of all these inundations, perhaps the 1910 flood caused the most devastation, with the protective eastern levy bank not being started until the 1930’s. Following on from the considerable flood two years earlier, a massive 11 inches of rainfall (270mm) fell between Monday, January 10 and Friday, January 14. An alarm was signalled with an SOS signal fired from Nemingha early on the Saturday morning, advising that the Cockburn River floodwaters were adding to the height of the Peel River. Soon after the Peel broke its banks near Prince of Wales Oval (now the Velodrome), devastating the “China Town” settlement in Peel Street between Hill and Roderick Streets. Streams raced down the two parallel thoroughfares - Peel Street and Lower Street (now Kable Avenue), with by that time the water level over the Paradise Bridge decking. Water at the corner of Peel and Bourke Streets was 2.7m deep. Many people had to be rescued from the floodwaters, and from their buildings. Included in these rescues was that of a Mr Hassan, who had tried to rescue records from his shop at 373 Peel Street. However, as the local press recorded - “The current in Peel Street swept the horse and sulky downstream and the driver was clinging desperately to the seat. When near the Central Hotel, the sulky crashed against a tree, and momentarily Hassan and the horse disappeared. When Hassan reached the surface, he tried to grab a rope which had been flung to him from the balcony, but his foot was caught in the horse’s harness and a rescue could not be made.” Eventually Hassan, horse and sulky were washed away in the current, but fortunately Hassan was rescued near the Viaduct and the remains of the sulky were found in a tree at Wallamore. After he had arrived home and was having a bath, a policeman arrived at the front door to advise Mrs Hassan that her husband had been drowned! The 1910 flood caused great economic and social damage to the town, especially coming only two years after the previous flood. The Mitchell/Gorman 1849 Town Plan proved to be right in having Marius Street as the main street, which would have been well out of flood level. The recent increased capacity of Chaffey Dam, plus levy-bank extension, could now make a catastrophic Tamworth flood a little less likely, but like Townsville - a 2000 year flood - who knows! Probably the furthest thing from our mind at this stage.

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In 1919 the fire brigade became motorised. Being no longer required, the two grey horses were sold to be used locally in a baker’s cart. All went well until one day the fire bell rang, leading to an immediate automatic response by the horses who headed to the fire station with the cart, the baker losing control. The first of Tamworth’s major catastrophic fires occurred in 1894 when the Cohen & Levy Store, situated opposite today’s Target, was totally destroyed and later rebuilt. The fire started early in the morning and was first noticed by the publican of the Royal Hotel opposite who gave the alarm. People broke the store windows in the early stages to rescue whatever goods they could, but the primitive fire-fighting resources were not able to cope Two years later, in 1896, a fire starting around 7pm in Martin’s Bakery in Peel Street, soon spread to the adjacent Royal Standard Hotel (now the CH on Peel site) and further up Brisbane Street to the Olympic Hall (now CH Boutique Hotel site), with all buildings being destroyed. Water carriers brought 240 loads of water to the fire, after a 30 minute delay in the arrival of the first water cart. Spectators jeered the leading opponents of a proposed reticulated Tamworth water supply who were in attendance. A third major fire in 1930 put paid to the Royal Standard Brewery, located in today’s Spotlight area, hence Brewery Lane. The fire started in the basement of the four-storey malthouse around 2:30 am and within 4 hours most of the malthouse had been destroyed. The glow of the fire was visible from Attunga. The signage of the Royal Standard Brewery bottling department can still be seen on the chemist building facade opposite the Munro’s Mill building. So when you hear the siren of today’s modern fire-engine heading to a fire, setting off a dogs’ howling frenzy, think of days past when fire control was quite different.

TAMWORTH HISTORY

Major Thomas Mitchell

Our beloved Peel Street

Budding Tamworth historians will be “John Oxley’d out” after all the Bicentenary stuff in 2018.

We all love Peel Street unless we are looking for a parking spot !

But the guy who followed on from Oxley 13 years later had a great deal more to do with the establishment of the present town, in which latest predictions Thomas Mitchell / John Gorman 1849 Tamworth Town forecast a population Plan, east of the Peel River. of perhaps 100 000 in around 20 years time. The mind boggles ! This person was Major Thomas Mitchell, who was the second Government Surveyor after Oxley to reach the Peel River., about 3km upstream from Oxley’s river campsite. Travelling from the Hunter Valley, over the range at Murrurundi and through Currabubula Gap, he spent the night with squatter Joseph Brown at his cattle establishment on December 11, 1831. He then followed the Peel and Namoi into “Terra Incognita” (The Land of the Unknown), believing a claim by escaped convict bushranger that the system led into the “Kindur” River which travelled right through to the NW coast of Australia. His party of 17, largely convicts, reached the Barwon near Mungindi before turning back. Defending the rights of the squatters, such as Joseph Brown, Mitchell did not support the quest of the Australian Agricultural Company to take up a huge slice of the Peel Valley soon after his expedition. However, with 27 members of the British Parliament being Company shareholders, it eventually became a fait-accompli, with the first AA Company sheep being brought to Killala in 1834. Much later in his period as Surveyor-General, in 1849 Mitchell presided over the first Town Plan for Tamworth. Mitchell’s talented son Roderick was then the Commissioner for Lands based in Tamworth, residing pretty much where the Fruit and Vegetable section of Woolworths’ Eastpoint’s supermarket is now located. (Please take the time to have a look at the impressive granite-mounted plaque located in the corner of the Eastpoint carpark, accessible up the pedestrian walkway off Roderick Street). Roderick Mitchell suggested that Nemingha be the best town location, but was overruled by Phillip Parker King, then the AA Company boss at Port Stephens, the great maritime navigator who was the father of our first Mayor Phillip Gidley King, who built Calala Cottage in West Tamworth. With much of the location work being done by Assistant Surveyor John Gorman, Thomas Mitchell named the original 19 streets to comprise the town on the eastern side, the western side being dominated by the AA Company, until they were able to sell off some land around Ebsworth Street in 1851. The original town was bounded by Upper and Lower Street (now Kable Avenue), North and East Streets. Roderick Street was named after Mitchell’s son; White Street after George Boyle White, deputy in his 1831 expedition; and Murray Street after George Murray who strongly influenced his appointment under Oxley in Australia. Marius and Darling Street were originally planned to be the main thoroughfares, hence their current width, so don’t blame Mitchell for today’s traffic-squeezy Peel Street. Although we have a plethora of Oxley names in Tamworth today, alas, we only have Mitchell Street and tiny Thomas Mitchell Park in Westdale to remind us of arguably our most proficient inland explorer and his connection to Tamworth.

Some “old-stagers” may remember that we actually had two Peel Streets, until 1936 when the West Tamworth version, originally on the separate AA Company town side of the river, changed its name to Bridge Street.

A sketch from the early 1850’s of an Accommodation House & butcher’s shop, built by Thomas Hobbs on Peel Street blocks acquired in Tamworth’s first government land sales (1850), close to today’s Cahills Chemist.

Surveyor Thomas Mitchell had planned Marius and Darling as our main streets, but gradually Peel Street became etched in stone as the main thoroughfare. The easier availability of water from backyard wells was a factor. Another was that the original river crossing, coincidentally adjacent to our new Jewry Street bridge construction, led to the bush track running parallel to the river right through to today’s King George Avenue, then the main road to Armidale. James White, on temporary suspension from the AA Company, opened the first store in 1835 on the eastern “Government side”, approximately adjacent to today’s Joe Maguire’s Hotel. It also served as our first Inn and later our first Post Office, now long since gone. In the same vicinity, the original CBD, is the oldest surviving building in Peel Street, being Munro’s Mill (1863). Nearby was the first of three Cohen & Levy Store sites. The current PCYC incorporates part of our second Courthouse (1861), with the first “National” Public School (1855) and second Town Hall (1896) both nearby on the site of today’s Community Centre, together with the Power Station (1888). Our second hospital was located nearby opposite today’s skate-park. Soon after the first Town Plan, Roderick Mitchell presided over the first government land sales in Peel Street in 1850, the blocks between Brisbane and Bourke going for between 5 pounds and 30 pounds. With water flowing down from rain on the Wentworth Mounds above the town, low sections of Peel Street became swampy and boggy, particularly around the Peel/Brisbane Street corner, where there was a small lagoon frequented by ducks. It took some time before landfill and drainage was fully effected. When a sewer main was being laid at the nearby Treloar Lane in 1929, the top of an old fence was found nearly four metres below the street level. Today’s high gutters along Brisbane to Darling Street are a remnant of these early drainage problems. Peel Street became known locally as “Mud Street”, with occasionally bullock teams being bogged. In 1860 three butchers were fined for allowing their pigs to roam in Peel Street, which was not uncommon also for goats, cattle and horses in the early days. The impressive Royal Standard Brewery (1879) was also at the far end of Peel Street, where Spotlight is now located, running back to Brewery Lane. With Paradise Gardens (1877) formed at the opposite end of Peel Street, local beer drinkers can now rejoice that Tamworth was the only town whose main street started with a Brewery and ended in Paradise ! Peel Street, alias “Mud Street”; the 1906 photo, featuring local identity Bobby Widgerie, taken two years after the first motor car was sighted in Tamworth.

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CLARENCE PEAK (Thank you, Roy Cameron, Coolah)

Returning they missed the track and could not find the place where they had left their horses. In searching Mr Hinchey got separated from the others. After searching in vain for the horses and their missing comrade, Father Walsh and Mr Moloney were able to return to Hinchey’s house at 8pm. Hinchey returned four hours later, much exhausted and without the horses. Richmond Herald 10th June 1922 Last week, Mr M Farlow sent out a couple of men to Clarence Peak to bring in one of the Farlow brothers’ well-known miniature breed ponies. The animal selected was rising five years and had never been handled. It took five days to yard the pony and, in the process, not less than six horses were knocked up. A bush yard was built across the track and later a concealed pit, but the pony was too cunning. With the help of kangaroo dogs, the pony was constantly pursued. It became exhausted and was driven onto the track and eventually into the stockyards.

From a water colour painting of Angourie heathland looking towards Clarence Peak, by E M Cameron

As a youth on the Lower Clarence, I always had a yearning to walk to the top of the conical shaped Clarence Peak, on the coastal range, inland from Brooms Head. It rises to a height of 338 metres above sea level and can be sighted from the summit of Mount Warning near Murwillumbah. I learnt at school it had been named by Captain Cook and was later used for sighting as a bearing for passing ships particularly those entering or leaving the Clarence entrance. I did not walk to the top of the Peak until 1965 with my son. Memories are many; kangaroos, emus, rock orchids and panoramic views, particularly of the coastline. I imagined one day a walking track would be constructed for locals, visitors and tourists. My interest in the peak was rekindled recently by the following articles gleaned from “Trove”. Clarence River Advocate 25th November 1904 “Rev. Father Walsh of Maclean and Messrs M Hinchey senior, and Daniel Moloney, senior of Shark Creek, had an unpleasant experience one day recently. They set out on horseback in the morning from Mr Hinchey’s residence to visit Clarence Peak, intending to be back at noon. Riding up the mountain as far as possible and then tying up their horses, they reached the summit of the Peak on foot.

CALEDONIAN SPORTS AT MACLEAN Clarence and Richmond Examiner Saturday May 27, 1899 “The chief attraction on Wednesday was the sports at the Agricultural Society’s Ground, Maclean, under the auspices of the L C Caledonian Society. For the convenience of visitor’s steamers were laid on from all parts of the river below Grafton, and nearly the whole river fleet was called into requisition for the occasion. The whole of the fleet was well filled with passengers and in addition large numbers streamed into town, by horseback, vehicles and foot. It was computed that the assemblage did not reach that of last year, but it must have totalled about 3000. The grounds are well adapted for conducting sports of this character. The whole of the events is held in the parade ring which in itself is a great advantage to the spectator. From the naturally formed grandstand at rear as well as the slopes of the hill adjacent, which were all day covered with sightseers, a capital view of all that is transpiring is obtained. The greater volume of people, however assembled in front of the enclosure where the booths and sideshows did a thriving business. Mr J A S Murray, the secretary, ably assisted by Mr W Murray, had the arrangements well in hand, and proved quite equal to the task of conducting sport involving no small amount of trouble. Proceedings were initiated by a squad of the recently formed Scottish Rifles marching to the strains of the Maclean Pipe Band, from the town to the convincing ground, followed by a detachment of the Richmond River Cavalry, who looked well in their uniforms and plumes, bearing lancers with colours. The presence of the cavalry and riflemen was a feature of the sports. There was quite an array of pipers and dancers in kilts, and the tartan was to be met everywhere, showing Sandy was out for a holiday. It might be remarked here that possibly in no part of Australia is the Scottish element so pronounced as on the Lower Clarence.”

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CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS IN YAMBA. It is that time again, when we think of the beach and Christmas holidays. It is interesting to think about earlier holidays, the leisurely times that our parents and grandparents spent.

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Geoff Hannah

Geoff Hannah “ I was born in 1948 in a house called Ventura Private Hospital, Coraki. I was adopted out as a newborn pretty much. Mum and Dad, Dave and Ruth Hannah came and adopted me, and we lived in Busby’s Flat which is inland from Casino. That’s where Mum grew up. Dad was a sleeper cutter and a girder cutter. Sleepers for railways and girders for bridges. We moved to a dairy farm at Wyrallah and then another farm at Coorabell. When I was 13, we moved to Lismore. I’m not sure why as I never asked. It could’ve been that Dad was over dairy farming or it could have been to make it easier for me to get a job. Dad got a job at the city Engineers as a sandblaster. I went to Lismore High for 6 months, left and got a job at Brown & Jolly in town when I was only 14. Brown & Jolly were the largest country home furnishers in NSW. They serviced what they sold so if there was a washing machine for sale, they had a washing machine mechanic, a TV, they had a TV repairman. If they sold furniture, we repaired it and we also built furniture. Curtains, upholstery, French polishers, they had it all. I had to go to Tafe… Well Tech it was called back then, to do Carpentry which had nothing to do with what I wanted to do. I didn’t want to be there. The teachers were great, but I didn’t want to be there. I ended up just building furniture. I didn’t know I was adopted until I was 17. I was looking through a green tin for receipts we always had at home. I unfolded a piece of paper and it was my original birth certificate. I was born Stuart Geoffrey Grainger. My birth mother was Margaret Rennie Quickshank Stuart. She married an Athol Grainger who got shot down in the 2nd world war. When she came to Australia from Scotland where her husband’s family was, she had me, but she adopted me out. My birth certificate had Stuart Geoffrey Grainger to be known as Geoffrey Stuart. Mum and Dad never changed it when they adopted me. I was known as Geoffrey Stuart Hannah. I did get a shock when I found that bit of paper. I remember the moment vividly when I found it. I looked at Mum and I said… Mum, what’s this all about? Mum said…But you’re happy aren’t you love? and ever since that day I never brought it up because I knew how bloody upset the whole show was. I could see it in her face. That one little question told a story, so I never said anything. I was never worried about finding my birth mother because I loved my parents. Mum and Dad had a son 5 years after me called Richard Henry Hannah. Dad passed away first, then my brother and then Mum was the last to pass on. They all reckoned I should have found my birth 28 | Heartland Magazine

mother. In 1969 I married, and I tried to find my birth mother. The info came back as…your mother resided in a coastal town; your father is unknown. Then it all changed. People were able to access more information. I still wasn’t worried about it but when The Hannah Cabinet was being built, for 6 1/2 years I put it out there asking… What do you call the love of a family? What is the word for that? I thought, what is the word for someone who adopts you, who doesn’t have much and went without so much. This little family I had who loved me...What is the word for it? I asked the question everywhere, but nothing worked. I thought of The Hannah Cabinet after Mum, Dad and Richie. I thought it sounded a bit conceited but then I settled on that name because it’s not named after me. It’s named after my Mum, Dad and brother, my immediate family. I got a job as a Cabinet Maker and did my trade with Wilbur Willis. I was his last Apprentice. When Wilbur retired, I took over before leaving in 1973 to start my own business…I think it was called Hannah’s Period Reproductions. I did a lot of restoration then started making furniture and I never stopped. I live in Jubilee St, Lismore which is why I named the new building Jubilee House. I invented the house. It’s Italian and Roman architecture mixed together. My wife and daughter in-law started doing research when my birth certificate came back. They felt like Perry Mason. The search found a Bill (now deceased) and Gladys Grainger in South Lismore. My heart was racing, so close to home. My birth mother lived at Green Forest which is between here and Coraki. This info is in the book I wrote (available at Lismore Regional Gallery. I was too scared to call Bill, so Rhonda did it. We went to their house; I bought a cake for afternoon tea and I was pretty anxious. We were sitting on the lounge and I had a lump in my throat. I said Bill! YES!! he said loudly…he’s a bit deaf. I said I’ve come to ask you about Margaret Rennie Quickshank Stuart, well… she’s my birth mother. Deafening silence followed. Oh well… he said eventually. Do you know you have 2 brothers? I’ll be damned! He said. He phoned my brother Rennie and we met. I was hiding when Reynold came to meet me. I was so nervous. I found out there was 10 of us. Actually there’s 15 with both sides. I was awarded the Churchill Fellowship in 1980 and I went to London and Paris. I didn’t want to do any hands on work there, I wanted to be able to take the drawers out of Louis XV’s desk or Marie Antoinette’s cabinet. I wanted to open it and look at it. That was my request and it

Aussie English is Ridgey-Didge Mate As Australians we often use words and sayings that to other Englishspeaking countries are out of context or sometimes inappropriate. With each generation language changes and evolves and abbreviations are often very different and relevant to each particular generation. To hear some of the classic old sayings now days is often met with laughter but to have fun with words while still commenting on the world as it is a fair dinkum good time.

was granted to me. I would go into The Louvre after hours when that floor was shut, and I had such wonderful privileges. I couldn’t speak a bloody word of French, but I made an effort. The only word that stuck in my mind was when it was 6pm we’d say Bonsoir and people would say…oh you speak French? (laughs). I returned to Australia and part of The Churchill Fellowship is you have to share your knowledge which I’ve been doing since 1980. I haven’t stopped teaching from that time. I started working on the Hannah Cabinet in 2001. That was the 4th cabinet. The first one I made was when I came back from overseas and that was the Bicentennial Cabinet. The next one was Dad’s Cabinet and is referred to as The Yarralumla Cabinet which is in Government House. That financed the Australian Cabinet which went to Belgium which helped finance The Hannah Cabinet. After the Hannah Cabinet I made The Chinoiserie Cabinet which will be back here in Lismore Regional Gallery in February. I started Jubilee House 3 years ago. I have worked on it day and night and Jubilee House is on display in the gallery. The exhibition is on display now at the Lismore Regional Gallery until the 1st December. It’s called Chesta Drawz and The Lowboys which is made up of my students work. Some of my students have been with me for 18 years. This is the last one I’m going to commit to though. I want to slow down. I’m 71 and I need to bloody slow down. I’m here doing presentations at the gallery; I do some with school kids and I have so many things I need to do. I married in 1969. I met Rhonda when she was 13 and I was 16 when she visited my neighbour. We just had our 50th wedding anniversary. We have a daughter Amorette who is married to Bryce. They have Hannah May and Adam. Our son is Stewart James and he married Stephanie Basso Cooper. They have Daisy Louise and Sonny James. That’s my family. I grew up here on a flood plain. When it floods we have to move. It’s what we deal with and I have a flood plan. We’ve managed to live here in Lismore, raise our family here. They went through Public School, got jobs locally and we all survived here in Lismore without having to go anywhere else. We’ve made a living and we love our community here.”

Do the Harry In 1967 Harold Holt disappeared off Victoria’s coast and his body has never been found. Many conspiracy theories were born and to do the Harry Holt means to do the bolt of leave unexpectedly. Ripsnorter This expression is used when something particularly good happens. The word has been abbreviated and is used as simply ripper these days. Wrap Your Laughing Gear Around That To wrap your laughing gear around something refers to your mouth, so to wrap your laughing gear around something means to eat something. Buckleys’s Chance William Buckley was Australia’s very own Robinson Crusoe, a man who escaped a convict ship during the first attempt to settle Melbourne in 1803. Three decades later, colonials returned to find a tattooed, two-meter tall, long-bearded man with half Aboriginal children who spoke tribal tongue. He picked up English within days. Carrying on like a pork chop Acting like a crazy fool. Spit the dummy To throw a tantrum or to get angry over something trivial. Tinnie A can of beer or an aluminium fishing boat. Ridgey-Didge On the level, the real deal. Shark biscuit Refers to someone who is learning to surf. Playing for sheep stations Usually meant as a dig that something isn’t so important. Flat out like a lizard drinking The literal sense is to lie fully stretched out (like a lizard), and the figurative sense means as fast as possible. The phrase also alludes to the rapid tongue-movement of a drinking lizard. Rhyming slang terms Al capone- “telephone”. Strangely enough not used in US English. Also, someone who is always talking on his mobile phone is called Elliot, as in “Elliot Ness on the Al Capone”. billy lids - “kids”. Also tin lids (also Cockney rhyming slang.) or, more rarely, saucepan lids. Tin Lids was used by Jimmy Barnes’ four children as their recording name. cheese and kisses - “missus”, wife. Dad ‘n’ Dave - “shave”. From the famous comic characters created by Steel Rudd. Fiddly-did - “quid”, after a one pound note. Not used since decimal currency was introduced in 1966. Ginger beer – “engineer”; also “queer” (homosexual) in Cockney rhyming slang. Joe Blake - “snake” Kevin Sheedy - “seedy” (unwell) (Kevin Sheedy was a Melbourne footballer). loaf of bread - “head”. Moreton Bay Fig - “wig”, after the type of tree. Pen and Ink - “Stink” Royce Hart - “fart”, gas or wind from the abdomen. Royce Hart was a Melbourne footballer. Stuey Diver - “fiver”, five-dollar (originally five-pound) note. tin tank - “bank”. Uncle Gus - “bus” Wallaby Ted - “rooted” (Rooted), tired from strenuous activity.

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My Education - continued from Issue 35 p46 Year Eight (Second Year) Second year began with my promotion to 2C. Academic work continued on from where it finished last year. The Principal, Mr Rubernach, told me that I was to switch to 2A for Maths 1 and Maths 2. I switched for one lesson but was unable to continue because the timetabling between 2C and 2A didn’t work out. The Principal once again voiced his disapproval but let the matter drop. I joined the Cadets and was given an Army uniform to wear to school every Thursday. After lunch we would be marched to the Army drill hall at South Casino to practice being soldiers. We used the target range at the drill hall and fired real bullets with real rifles. We did a great deal of marching around and around the Drill Hall grounds. At the end of second term all the cadets went on an excursion to Singleton Army camp. This was the only excursion I ever attended during my schooling. We caught a steam train at the Casino Railway Station and joined other cadets from Lismore, Kyogle, Murwillumbah, etc. Others joined the train as we travelled south. Two Casino teachers accompanied the Casino Cadets. These were the ‘officers’ in charge of our group. I don’t think either had had any actual army experience. We arrived at Maitland at about five o’clock the next morning. Everyone was lined up and marched to waiting busses. It was bitterly cold. We were driven to Singleton. We lived in tents for the duration of the camp, which lasted for ten days. We saw demonstrations of all sorts of military hardware and were allowed to use some of it. My father had advised me to get in good with the cooks. I introduced myself to them as soon as I arrived at Singleton and asked if they needed any help. I peeled lots of potatoes with a peeling machine, helped fill the boilers and learned to make cocoa by the bucket full. In return I was able to help myself to anything in the mess hall. I got out of many other chores because the cooks ‘needed’ my help in the kitchen. My father’s advice turned out to be very good. While we were there we went out for a ‘mock battle’. We were all issued with five rounds of blank 303 ammunition, and marched out into the forest to shoot at pupils from some of the other schools. They shot at us. When we were marched back to camp we had to give back the spent bullet shells and any live rounds we had left, but many shells had been lost in the long grass. Some unfired shells were simply hidden and kept as souvenirs. One of the boys from our school kept a live round and left it in his rifle. The rifles were all stacked pointing upward around the centre tent post and the boy had hung his beret over the barrel of his gun. During the night he pulled the trigger of his rifle and fired the blank cartridge. The blast woke everybody up and blew a hole through his beret. Nobody knew where the noise came from, except us eight in the same tent as him. The next morning he simply walked over to one of the tents, which housed pupils from another school, and swapped berets while they were having breakfast. I often wondered how the hole was explained to that poor kid’s teachers. His older brother was a member of the Citizens Military Forces – a part time soldier. He had given him a practice grenade. This was a large firecracker, which emitted a huge amount of smoke when it exploded. He exploded this in our officer’s tent at about four o’clock one morning. The teachers came out coughing and spitting from the smoke that they had inhaled. By the time the teachers had evacuated their tent he was back in his own tent. An immediate parade was called and we were all lined up in our pyjamas. Nobody would be going back to bed until the culprit came forward. After about fifteen minutes of total silence the teachers decided that the perpetrator must have been from another school. We returned to bed. As we were returning home the same boy, who lived at Rappville about thirty kilometres south of Casino, decided that he would leave the train as it passed through Rappville station. The train didn’t stop at Rappville. As we approached the station he opened the carriage door and stood with his kit bag in the doorway. When he pushed the kit bag out it bounced about five metres into the air and smashed into a hedge at the end of the platform. On seeing the antics of the kit bag he decided that he’d stay on the train. We arrived in Casino at about five o’clock in the afternoon. I had dinner with my parents and then went to bed early. Mum woke me for dinner the next afternoon. I had slept for almost twenty-four hours. We hadn’t had a lot of sleep at camp.

The school performed the Gilbert and Sullivan Opera “The Mikado” in term three. It was organised by Geoff Wardrop. He was an English teacher at the school. I had a part in the men’s chorus. We worked on this for most of the first two terms. We performed at the Civic Hall on one Wednesday afternoon for the Primary and High school Students and on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights for the public. I came first in Technical Drawing at the end of Second Year but was pushed down to second place in Science by a new pupil, who had come to Casino from Armidale. He went on to get a Batchelor of Science Degree and later a Masters Degree in Science. My performance in all other subjects more than met the requirements for me to progress to third year.

Year Nine (Third Year) Third Year was the year when everyone sat for the Intermediate Certificate Examination. In 1954 this was considered to be the academic requirement for most employment. Further study was only necessary if your intention was to go on to University. Almost all the girls and about half the boys left school at the end of Third Year. Those who continued and went on to tertiary education became doctors, veterinarians, layers, dentists, teachers, etc. The first Maths teacher in third year was straight out of Teachers College and had little class control. On one occasion the class hung a sign on the door, which said “On Strike”. The teacher didn’t come into the room for the whole period, but as the bell rang to signal lunch break he arrived. He gave us our Maths lesson instead of lunch. We didn’t try that again. At the beginning of second term he was replaced. The new teacher wore heavy horn-rimmed glasses. He wasn’t well liked and ruled the class with an ‘iron hand’. He would walk to the back of the room while we worked on some complex maths problem and nobody was allowed to look back to see where he was. He carried his algebra textbook with him, and would keep the place by closing it around his finger. He would creep quietly down the aisle between the desks and stand silently just behind you where he could see what you were writing. You wouldn’t know he was there. If your work didn’t meet his requirements he would scream at you or hit you with his algebra book. We were all terrified of him. One day the boy from Rappville, who sat at the back of the room, brought a shotgun to town to drop in at the sports store in his lunch hour for repairs. He had it dismantled in his school bag and didn’t have any ammunition with him. During the day he would take it out of his bag and pull the trigger. This made a loud ‘click’. Several times through the day the teachers would ask, “What’s that?” Everyone knew what the sound was but in the 50’s you didn’t ‘dob’ on anyone. He left school before the Intermediate Certificate to take a job on a farm. On the day that he finished he spent the lunch hour carving his initials deeply into the back of the schools front door with a pocketknife. This wasn’t discovered until the door was being closed after school. He was gone, but the carving remained. Unfortunately the job didn’t eventuate and his father made him come back to school. He was only gone for a few days. He was in lots of trouble. He didn’t attend classes on his first day back but spent the whole day sanding the door. 3C was introduced to William Shakespeare and we studied “The Merchant of Venice” for our Intermediate Certificate. I continued my schooling in the same subjects as last year and attained a very good pass in the Intermediate Certificate in November. One day near the end of the year, during a Maths lesson, the two boys who were sitting at the desk behind mine were whispering to each other. The teacher asked the boy sitting next to me if we were talking. He said that we weren’t but he and I were sent to the Principal’s office. We were each given two ‘cuts’ with the cane. That was the first, and only time that I’d ever been caned at school. Even though my intention had always been to become a teacher, because of this unjust treatment, I left school at the end of that week. This interrupted the completion of my school education for the time being.

The Leaving Certificate By the beginning of 1963 my ambitions of becoming a teacher resurfaced. I went to the high school and asked the principal, Mr Walsh, what I needed to do to get a scholarship to Teachers College. He told me that the Leaving Certificate, or its equivalent, was a pre-requisite for entry into any teachers college or university. I had to pass the Leaving Certificate – there was no other way. I asked for his guidance on how to

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My Education - continued from page 30 attain this and he said that the easiest way was to enrol as a student and come back to school. I told him that I was twenty-three years old and he said that he would be happy to accept me as a student. He said that fulltime instruction with qualified teachers was the easiest way to go. He said that I could be exempted from non-academic activities like sport, P. E., assemblies and scripture, but I would be required to attend all the lessons on which I would be examined. He said that if I were absent from lessons for any reason he would accept a note written by me – a note from my mother wouldn’t be necessary. I was told that I couldn’t bring alcohol to school and that if I felt the need for a smoke I would have to go out on the footpath. I told him I didn’t suffer from either of these vices. I queried him on alternative ways of studying for the exam. He said that I could just get a copy of the examination topics and study them at home on my own. This, he assured me, was by far the most difficult way but the most flexible. The other alternative was to attend the Technical College at night if a course was offered. These courses were available in Sydney and some of the larger cities but rarely in towns the size of Casino. As it was too late to begin study that year I decided to think about my options for a while. Later in the year there was an advertisement in The Northern Star seeking people who would be interested in studying for the Qualifying and Matriculation exam next year. It said that this course was equivalent to the Leaving Certificate. This course had never been offered on the North Coast before. I couldn’t believe my luck. There was to be a meeting at the Lismore Technical College one evening about a week after the ad. I attended the meeting along with about twenty other interested people. We were told that the course would be divided into two stages, which were equivalent to fourth and fifth year at high school. It would take two years and would occupy four nights each week. There needed to be a minimum of twelve people to begin the course. Subjects were discussed and by the end of the night the group had decided on English, General Mathematics, Economics, History and Geography. To matriculate would require a pass in all five subjects but because we would be sitting as Private Study Students it was thought that five subjects would be enough for most of us to keep up with. The course began in 1964 with sixteen participants. I was one of them. Two dropped out very early in the year but the rest persisted. We all studied hard at home and attended the classes at night. Teachers from Richmond River High School instructed us, and they enjoyed the experience of teaching adults. We were assessed constantly, and the teachers were extremely helpful. Mostly we were given the same assignments that the teachers were giving their school students. At the end of the stage one we were given the same exams as the school students and although the school students didn’t know it, our results were ranked with theirs. Most of us surprised ourselves. With our group and the sixty plus fourth year students from Richmond River High School, I was given third place in Geography and twenty-fourth place in English. My other results fell between these. I knew I would have to put more effort into English next year. 1965 was the last official year of The Leaving Certificate. 1966 would be a year with only a small group of examinees because all New South Wales high schools were changing from five years to six years of instruction. In 1967 the final exam was to be called The Higher School Certificate. The Intermediate Certificate, which was undertaken in year nine, would change to the School Certificate in year ten. I returned to the Technical College in 1965 to undertake stage two, the final year of high school study. Work continued from where we left off last year and we gained another student. There was also an intake of new participants for stage one. The same teachers instructed both stages in the same room. Stage two people often helped stage one and we realised that to some degree we were all motivated and mostly were teaching ourselves but with the guidance of the teachers. We continued to do the same assignments as the students at school and in many cases performed better then they did. Toward the end of the year we were given forms to fill in. These were applications to sit for the Leaving Certificate. We had to nominate a high school at which to sit the exam. I nominated Casino High School. In due course I was informed that my application to sit as a Private Study Student was successful. I was given an examination number and a Leaving Certificate timetable. We also had the opportunity to sit for the equivalent examination, The Qualifying and Matriculation exam, at the Technical College. I elected to sit only for the Leaving Certificate. I called at the high school to see the principal a few days before the exam and he said that he had been surprised to see my name on the list of candidates sitting at his school. When I didn’t return to enrol at the school he had assumed that I had abandoned the idea.

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Seating was arranged according to the examination number that had been given to each participant. I attended each appointed exam and sat amongst the school students. At the first exam, English, most of them looked at ‘this old bloke doing his L. C.’ Testing took a couple of weeks and I was glad to see the end of it. I had applied for a scholarship for the Teacher Training course at Armidale Teachers College. All I had to do now was to wait for the results. These arrived by registered mail in mid January and were published in the Sydney Morning Herald. Marks were given as “A’s” or “B’s” or “F’s”. No score was indicated unless you received an ‘F’. In this case a negative number would indicate how many marks you failed by. I had “B’s” in all subjects except English. It scored an “F –3”. There was an address to which you could write if you wanted subjects remarked. Each subject remark cost ten shillings. I sent ten shillings and requested a remark of my English paper. After a few weeks I received a letter saying that the remark had confirmed that the original score was correct. A scholarship to teachers college required a pass in English and at least four other subjects. No scholarship was offered. I decided to repeat stage two with the few people that were doing stage two in 1966. This would be the last chance to obtain a Leaving Certificate. The Higher School Certificate was very different and it would have been necessary to start stage one all over again if I wasn’t successful this time. The English topics had changed. We studied different texts in Literature, and all the poetry and novels were different. I had to catch up with the rest of the group. I worked very hard on English this year. The only schools in the region that were holding Leaving Certificate exams in 1966 were Grafton High School, Murwillumbah High School and Richmond River High School in Lismore. I applied to sit the exam in Lismore. There were only about twenty students sitting the exam with me this time. The large school hall looked almost empty. As I left the hall for the last time, I had finally finished my secondary education. This time the results arrived before Christmas and I had been awarded five “B’s” and no “F’s”. The teachers college intake for this year had been cut back drastically because there had been the expectation that there would be almost no students sitting the L. C. As I had attained a minimum pass I wasn’t one of the few who were offered a scholarship. I put the idea of being a teacher aside once again. continued in Issue 37 of Heartland Magazine - Teachers College

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In 2017, The Independent shed light on a study, which shows that buying an Hermes Birkin bag is actually a smarter investment than buying gold. Yes. Gold. To some, this bit of news is outright shocking. However, to Danielle Goodwinfounder and owner of Hawkeye Vintage, this just solidifies her trust in the ever growing market of designer luxe items. As she has known for years, artful and equally classic, high end pieces will always be on trend- no matter the age. Before any talk of a pop-up, Danielle was holding two storage lockers that had been filled with her own personal vintage designer pieces that she had collected. This first assemblage took years of searching through various dealers in Japan (where she lived), as well as across the world through markets and shops; putting her “Hawkeye” through serious work. All of this was in dedication to someday have a collection big enough to share with the equally fashion obsessed! In Melbourne, Greville Street Prahran in 2012 was the first location. With no idea how it would go, the overwhelming, positive response to the pop up was the ultimate catalyst that has since brought Hawkeye Vintage to several other pop up locations around Australia and New Zealand, as well as the growing online web store we have today. We have gone from showing our personal designer finds to further sourcing from massive estate collections and exclusive worldwide partnerships with licensed dealers- building strong relationships in the luxe fashion world in order to create this hierarchy of designer goods. One of the best things about Hawkeye Vintage is our customers. While anyone with the financial means can go into a high end designer store and simply pick up something that is trending, YOU are the real appreciators of the art that has gone into these pieces. Our customers, before even buying a new bag or scarf will take time to notice the little details and possibly even have knowledge on the year it was made, where it was manufactured, or even which celebrity iconicized the work. You are the quintessential fashion lover and who we are thinking of when we seek out every precious selection we find. We are so excited to share this growing expedition with you as we venture into a greater online platform and an even larger vintage collection- combining both quality vintage boho pieces and the classic designer luxe that you have come to love us for!

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Heartland Magazine | 33

Heartland Profile - Thomas Hartsuyker

homas Hartsuyker

Bringing a little piece of home with him, Thomas Hartsuyker has created a fascinating world built on hard work and passion. From the canals and narrow houses of Amsterdam, to the Big Banana and Tom (left) and younger brother (right) abundant wildlife of Coffs Harbour, Tom never wanted to leave Australia because of the freedom and life style we are fortunate enough to have. The Clog Barn Holiday Park in Coffs Harbour is now home to Tom, but having come so far from across the world, he has truly become part of the Coffs Harbour Community while allowing Australia to welcome and encourage his journey and the life he has built here. Thomas Hartsuyker was born on the 7th of September in 1932 to Thomas and Antje Hartsuyker. Being the oldest of his two younger siblings Rinske and Bob, Tom grew Tom and his family up in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Although Amsterdam was never bombed in the war, Thomas attended school which was held in cellars to protect the children from possible bombings overhead. Times were precarious and Thomas was often hungry but was also happy and hopeful for the future. Although the Netherlands was neutral in WW2, Nazi Germany invaded on 10th of May 1940. On 15th May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. In many areas of the Netherlands, Germany occupied and continued until they surrendered in 1945. Growing up in these uncertain times was alarming but Tom in the small shed he lived in when he very first instilled a gratitude for came to Australia life and set in place a work ethic to have a solid future which centred around family and community.

Tom on his very first day arriving in Australia (1950)

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

Leaving school at the age of 14, Tom attended trade school and studied carpentry. Starting out as an apprentice carpenter, Tom was not on a set salary or wage, but rather what his boss thought what his work was worth. Working on small building sites, Tom worked on house renovations and honed his skills as an experienced carpenter. Tom in his wedding suit!

Heartland Profile - Thomas Hartsuyker Tom worked for a foreman who brought him to Australia, who was to look after him as a son. The foreman ended up in Perth and Tom found himself in Sydney in 1951. Through a chance meeting, a Dutch man, Tom and Rita building their first home he had met on the ship helped Tom get his start in Sydney. Living in a small shed for many years, Tom worked and eventually started his own business in Muswellbrook. His business was very successful and operated for 30 years. It was clear that Tom had fit into Australian life perfectly with work and an active social life. He did all the regular things a young Tom with another one of his new cars (he is quite the man would at that car man!) time which included going to Saturday night dances where he met Rita. Tom married his wife, Rita in 1958 and had 2 children. Luke was the first of the boys with John being born 2 years later. At the age of 50 years old Tom moved to Coffs Harbour.

Tom and his second car he bought

In 1984, Thomas and his wife Rita, with their sons Luke and John began Coffs Harbour Clog Barn. Buying the caravan park originally, Tom and his sons built the main building and later extended it in 1986 to include Big Oma’s Coffee House.

Coming from the Netherlands to Australia 68 years ago, Thomas Hartsuyker has spent that time creating a life and business for not only for himself but for the wider community. Following his passion and working hard for his business, the Clog Barn has flourished and become a Coffs Harbour icon.

Thomas working at The Clog Barn - Coffs Harbour

The family business has been a incredible journey and has set up a secure future for the family and the employees that are a part of The Clog Barn family. Now 87 years old Tom still works and enjoys being surrounded by family and visitors.

Rita, Tom and Sally at a small bridge where the Clog Barn is now built (bridge built by Tom’s father)

Building the business and taking inspiration from overseas, Thomas and his family began making a miniature Dutch Village allowing tourists and travellers to enjoy a taste of Holland through the culture of which Tom has originated from. The village hosts replicas of actual buildings in Holland as well as working windmills and a garden railway. Acquiring the machinery from Canberra, John holds free clog making demonstrations daily and Tom creates new models for the miniature Dutch Village. The work ethic and passion for life has been passed down to Tom’s two sons with Luke becoming a successful politician in the National Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives from 2001 to 2019 for the division of Cowper. John keeps the family business running and dedicates his time to growing and expanding The Clog Barn. The business takes a team to run, with accommodation and a souvenir shop onsite. The business employs 23 Employees, with 10 being family members. Tom and his family have met all types of interesting people through their time at the Clog Barn with travellers, tourists and locals passing through the doors.

Thomas the craftsman and his works of art

Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 35

Byrrill Creek School 1923-1963 There were 12 children of school age needing education at Byrrill Creek in 1920. The Education Department’s policy at the time seemed to be an average of ten children for the establishment of a school. The application for a school in 1920 was turned down by the Chief Inspector as he felt there was no prospect of maintaining the school’s viability with only 12 children. Letters were written by parents and representations were made by the Honourable R.S. Perdriau M.L.A. to the Department for the building of a school. After a meeting of parents on Saturday 19th November 1921 the parents decided they would contribute in a practical way to the building of a school. The land was donated by Mr Bob Spurway. In December 1921 approval was given by the Department for the building of a Provisional School at Byrrill Creek with the acceptance of the supply and delivery of timber by the parents. The Department’s architect was put in charge of the building. Because of the isolation and day labour being hard to find, the building took much longer to build than expected and his costs blew out to £62/3/4 for which he was reprimanded. The school layout was the main room with six desks and stools for pupils, a desk plus a chair for the teacher. Provision was also made for a black board, shelves for library books, storage cupboards and a black stove for warmth in winter. There was an adjoining porch where school bags and hats were hung and a large cupboard for storage of used books of pupils. The verandah had a full length stool to sit on to eat lunch. In March 1928 enrolment was 13 with an average attendance of 11.1. By August 1928 only 10 children were enrolled. The teacher Mr Bailey had a falling out with a parent, Mr Cusack, who showed his

36 | Heartland Magazine

anger and his power by withdrawing his three children, sending them to Terragon School. The result was that Byrrill Creek’s enrolment fell to crisis level so the Inspector spoke to the parents about the closure of the school at the end of the year, December 1928. When the school year opened in 1929 without a teacher being appointed the parents called a meeting. The Inspector responded by recommending that the parents and children be given another chance. The nearest school Terragon was 5 miles away and was difficult for the children to get to. Mr Griffin was appointed to the school in 1929. Sadly he was killed in a motor bike accident on the 11th August 1929. Mathew Currigan was his replacement. Local meetings were held in the school, the Agricultural Bureau and Mebbin Tennis Club. In 1931 the situation regarding attendance was at crisis with low enrolment. When whooping cough swept through the school, Mr Currigan marked all the pupils absent, so the Department closed the school. After a year without a school the parents approached the Department to get the school reopened, but the Department only offered a subsidised school with the Department paying half the teacher’s salary and the parents to pay the other half. [The following information was written by an unknown Byrrill Creek Student who started school in 1929: “We were very lucky at this time to secure Mysie Spurway to teach us. Mysie was a trained high school teacher, but was not able to secure a position with the department owing to the Depression. Mysie taught us till she secured part-time teaching at Lismore. Eva Spurway then taught us. Eva was not trained as a teacher, but did an excellent job of teaching us.”] During 1932 to 1937 as a Provisional School the P. & C. completed considerable improvements around the school and planted ornamental trees and the children were taught by stand-in community members. The school was reopened 1938 with the appointment of a new teacher Charles Pearce. The school closed in 1956 reopened in 1957 until December 1962. Formal closure was January 1963. Byrrill Creek School Circa 1928 Teacher; Mysie Spurway Photo Courtesy Tweed Regional Museum

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Heartland Magazine | 37

The Great Eastern Fly-In Welcome to the Great Eastern Fly-In, 11 -12 January 2020! The North Coast’s Community Aviation Weekend! Where the Sky Meets the Sea. This is our annual North Coast aviation event, so

Evans Head, NSW. 1941-08. Group portrait of participants in No. 24 Course, No. 1 Bombing and Gunnery School RAAF in front of one of the School’s Fairey Battle aircraft

join us this year to celebrate the 80th Anniversary of the establishment of RAAF Station Evans Head, 1940 – 1945, the largest WW11 Empire Air Training Scheme Station in Australia which included the Evans Head Memorial Aerodrome. In this anniversary year, there’ll be a focus at the Great Eastern on the heritage of that time, with WW11 aircraft and displays, a variety of on-ground heritage displays, WW11 reenactment groups as well as all the rest of what makes the Fly-In a great weekend to enjoy.

80 years ago, construction of RAAF Station Evans Head commenced in late 1939 and in August and September 1940, the first aircraft and personnel arrived at the Aerodrome. The No.1 Bombing and Gunnery School commenced and a few years later, the No. 1 Air Observers School. Over 5,000 personnel were trained, mainly for active service in bombing aircraft, and casualties were high. Known as the Evans Head Aerodrome for many years after, there was a push by locals and Veterans to rename it in the 1980’s, to be a living, active, aviation memorial for all those who served there. This was adopted and it became known as the Evans Head Memorial Aerodrome, a living memorial to all who served there and for locals who made many long lasting friendships with both trainees and support personnel. Another part of the Station has remained active for the last 80 years, the Southern Bombing Range and personnel may be at the Fly-In for the weekend.

To support this major focus for 2020, there’ll be a number of related activities and displays of Aviation Heritage which include: Air Displays, flights in WW11 aircraft, the Evans Head Living Museum, Aviation Museum, RAAF Amberley Heritage group, re-enactment groups and numerous large poster displays around the site of

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

views of that time. Read on for details of what all the family can enjoy. So what’s it all about? Aircraft fly in from the east coast of Australia, to spend a fun weekend meeting up with old friends, there’s Air Displays, flights in all types of aircraft, static displays and lots more. With up to 200 aircraft of all shapes and sizes, the better the weather the more planes you can expect! Wander round and see aircraft from 90 years ago till the present day, small to large and more. For the military buff there’ll be the Tiger Moths,

Trojans, Winjeels, Harvard, CT 4 and more. Helicopters will be flying, along with General Aviation small aircraft, light sports planes, paramotor gliders and gyrocopters. There’ll be 3 Tiger Moths adn a Gypsy Moth and maybe a seaplane or two! Check out the models and Drone displays, find out how to learn to fly or join a club and the regulations for

The Great Eastern Fly-In the Eurofox, Gyrocopter and the Extra 300 for the thrill ride! This means you briefly fly the plane if you wish. These flights start around the $70 per person depending on plane.

flying Drones, educate yourself. As you wander around chat with the pilots. They’re always happy to chat about their planes, where they’re from and the joys of flying. A highlight of each day are the Air Displays, both Saturday and Sunday which run intermittently from about 10.30am till 2.0pm, check out the Great Eastern website for the air display programme so you don’t miss you favourite plane. Displays include a formation Display of all t h e

Tiger moths, Aerobatics in the Nanchang and Extra 300, the T28 Trojan handling display and handling display of the scale Spitfire. The Memorial Formation Fly Past with the Ct 4, Wirraway, Winjeel and Nanchang will be flown to remember and respect the WW11 veterans who served and trained at RAAF Station Evans Head No.1 Bombing and Gunnery school and No.1 Air Observers School 1939 – 1945, always a special display. There is a possibility the Royal Australian Air Force may surprise us with an aircraft Fly By to also commemorate the 80th Anniversary, watch the website and Facebook for updates the week before the event. We won’t; know till the last minute! Having seen the displays you might like to take a flight and there are plenty to fly in, small and large. There will be something for every budget, so chat with the pilots and choose what you want. Some are single seats, others take 2 or 3 people, so the family can go. Flights will be available in; T28 Trojan, Yak 52, Nanchang, Winjeels and Harvard (ex RAAF fighter trainers from the 1940/50’s era) helicopters, including the famous MASH Bell 47. Prices start at about $80 per person for helicopter flights. For the warbird enthusiast prices start at about: $100 per seat for 3 people, $350 for the Yak 52 per person, Trojan- $500 and range. Prices may vary at the time. If smaller, lighter aircraft is you passion, there’ll be some Trial Instructional Flights available in

and maybe the water spray arch to cool off on those sunny days.

Back with feet firmly on the ground but still keen on planes, walk around and look at the variety there are, right next to the fence and easily seen. Have a chat with Ron from Mission Australia about the work they do in PNG, you can’t miss his beautiful silver Beechcraft plane. Aviation businesses will be there, Bush Cat, Evektor selling aircraft and aviation electronics, a perfect way to get very close and look inside aircraft. Chat with local pilots form Bush Flyers Downunder and our local flying school in Lismore if you’re keen to learn. The Evans Head Living Museum has a wonderful display about the WW11 history of the Aerodrome focusing on the site as it was and stories of veterans and local area. The Evans Head Memorial Aerodrome Heritage Aviation Museum has a wonderful display of planes and information, for the small cost of $5 per person or $15 for the family you can walk around the famous F111 jet or inside the Caribou transport aircraft and learn a lot about aviation history. A Must See is the Avro Anson aircraft which was flying on the Station during WW11, so much history there! The RAAF Aviation Amberley Heritage Group is having a large display as well as the Aviation Museum Bus, visiting again this year. A World War II Re-enactment camp is set up as if direct from the 1940s, complete with ‘allied and other forces’. The people involved know a lot about the history of that time and are very happy to chat with people and show their equipment. Follow the RAAF Station Evans Head Heritage trail, from the Main Entrance keep your eye out for the signage giving you a glimpse into the past, 80 years ago and the running of the RAAF Station. Large posters will be located in various positions, a then and now visual experience!

The Rural Fire Service is once again on site with their Fire trucks, fire fighting equipment, water holding tank and fun, interactive display; great for the kids they can participate in putting out mock fires with water pistols and other fun things for the younger enthusiasts. Learn about what the RFS does to help us all in our rural areas and the equipment they use, you might even like to join as a volunteer. These amazing volunteers have been doing an incredible job over the last months in our region, give them all a Huge Thank You when you see them and maybe a donation, it all helps to support what they do. Let’s really appreciate them! The Royal Life Saving Australia has a large stand promoting this great Australian community organisation. This year you’ll see how the SLSA is using drone technology to keep an ‘Eye in the Sky’ over our beaches and coastline and what you can do and be involved, from Nippers and Adult volunteers. Marine Rescue will be serving your Sunday Sausage sizzle, buy a raffle ticket, maybe you’ll win a boat!

So much more to do!!! Besides all the planes and flying, Saturday will feature a local North Coast style market with between 70 and 100 stalls with everything on sale from arts and crafts, plants, clothing, food and drink, to model airplane kits, The Summerland Amateur Radio Club has a display of old radios for all to see as well as monitoring and recording all the aviation radio activity, go and have a listen to how the pilots talk with each other and see if you recognise their old radios from your childhood. all open from 8am. Sunday is the Classic Car and Bike Show, with the clubs putting on a great display that will include sports and vintage cars as well as bikes and various other vehicles. Along with this will be a wonderful display of Model Boats from the Ballina Modellers, the detail in these models is amazing. For the kids, the Evan’s Head Pre-school will be running a paper plane competition, make yours at home or at the FlyIn and then on Sunday morning at 10.30 see how far your plane flies! Face painting and of course the jumping castles and slide will be there

Don’t forget to check in at the Information Centre when you arrive, with great merchandise, information and raffles for your chance to win; prizes including flights in a number of aircraft, as well as t-shirts and caps for some lucky winners. Check out the stalls with aviation art, take your favourite plane home, model aircraft to build, have a chat with the local council. A great selection of beautiful wooden toys and merchandise from The Men’s Shed, another really great community group. Support the local local food food stalls, stalls,aagreat greatselection selectionofof Continued Page 40

Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 39

What makes us Aussies and why we should be proud of it. Australians don’t drink Fosters, wear crocodile-tooth hats or hop around in a kangaroos’ pouch… but there are some stereotypes about Aussies that are true. From the laid-back larrikin attitude to the bone-dry sense of humour, this is what visitors to Australia love about the locals. delicious local food, coffee and drinks and support the Evans River K-12 School, they do a fine job all weekend feeding us all. As a community event, entry to the Aerodrome is free and you can make a donation if you wish for the Charity of the Year and to help support this not for profit group which organise and run the event. All amenities on site: free onsite parking, wheelchair accessibility and disabled parking - the ground is a little rocky but mostly flat. Also, first aid, toilets and ATM are provided if you need anything just drop into the Information Centre and they can direct your enquiry. Check out the site plan on the website or download it and take for the day. It’s an alcohol free and no smoking site, neither mix with aeroplanes! Bring your own chairs or picnic blankets, seating is limited, especially for those who are content to just sit and watch. Please leave shelters; umbrellas, small marquees and tents etc at home as these have a habit of getting caught in the wind and can become a serious hazard on the air field. Please leave your DOGS and DRONES at home – companion dogs are fine, just have your card and must be well restrained, thanks. The Great Eastern Fly In has been running since 1992 and is a wonderful weekend for any plane or aviation enthusiasts, for those just keen to see something different and just have a fun family day out!

WELCOME TO THE GREAT EASTERN FLY- IN 11 – 12 January 2020

Free Admission – Donations Welcome

Come and marvel at the latest in Aircraft, Air Displays and have the Ride of your Life!

And So Much More! Pilots, their families and friends, Fly-In from all over Australia, to enjoy a great summer holiday with a difference and you get to enjoy it all with them. Display Programme and Information available on website

www.greateasternflyin.com

Facebook: www.facebook.com/GreatEasternFlyIn/ Contact: Gai 0427825202

SEE YOU THERE!

40 | Heartland Magazine

Australian people are laid-back When you visit Australia, there aren’t many expressions you’ll hear more often than the maxim “no worries, mate”. Maybe it’s all the sunshine, the miles of beaches, or the pristine nature, or the excellent quality of life, but nothing much seems to get under the skin of Australians. Even when something does go awry, there’s another phrase in the Aussie vernacular that keeps things nice and chilled: “she’ll be right, mate”. Australian people are irreverent There’s no one that Aussies love more than the larrikin, the archetype of a good-hearted person who thumbs their nose at authority and isn’t afraid to bend the rules. Australia’s pre-eminent historian Manning Clark sums up the larrikin as someone who loves “mocking pomposity and smugness, taking the piss out of people, cutting down tall poppies… larger than life, sceptical, iconoclastic, egalitarian yet suffering fools badly, and, above all, defiant”. Or, put simply in the local parlance, a cheeky bugger – and there’s a liberal dash of that quality in every Aussie. Australian people are funny That same irreverence translates into the Australian sense of humour, which is injected into nearly every conversation. Australians’ dry, self-deprecating, sarcastic, teasing humour – which is even harder to navigate when the accent and slang is thrown into the equation — can confuse visitors so don’t take offence if an Aussie’s making fun of you, because it means they like you. You actually want to be the butt of the joke, the subject of the piss-take, the one being warned about drop bears – it’s a sign of affection in an upside-down sort of way. Australian people are simple Not dopey, but simple. Nothing makes an Aussie happier than a barbecue with their family, a day at the beach with their mates, a beer at the cricket (preferably watching the Australian side rout the Poms in the Ashes) – simple pleasures rather than anything more extravagant. This distaste for pomp and privilege is probably that larrikin anti-authoritarian streak shining through again. Australian people are diverse To borrow a line from Australia’s de facto national anthem ‘I Am Australian’, we are one, but we are many, and from all the lands on earth we come. And that’s not simply some twee lyric – the 2016 Census confirmed that Australia boasts a higher percentage of its population born overseas (26%) than New Zealand (23%), Canada (22%), the US (14%) and the UK (13%). The culture of Australia’s Indigenous people has thrived for millennia, and waves of immigrants from every corner of the globe – originally Britain and Ireland, then Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa – have produced one of the most successful multicultural societies on earth.

AUSTRALIA DAY 2020 Australian people are tolerant More than six million Australian residents were born overseas – from Nepal to the Netherlands and every patch of turf in between – and that diversity demands tolerance. Sure, Aussies aren’t perfect, but they have learned plenty from the generations of immigrants that have built such a successful multicultural nation. You also won’t find many countries with a more vibrant LGBTQIA+ scene than Australia – one of the most beloved national icons is a bloke in a dress and one of the country’s favourite films follows a group of drag queens on a road trip across the outback. Australian people are attractive Miranda Kerr, Hugh Jackman, Margot Robbie, the entire Hemsworth clan… need any more proof ? Okay, fine, they might be the A-list of the Australian gene pool but just survey the bronzed, granite-hard bodies sunning themselves on Bondi Beach without drooling and then try to mount a case that Australians aren’t stone cold sexy.

It’s probably out-running all those crocs and out-swimming all those sharks that make Australians so good at sport. The place is an unrelenting production line of world-class sporting talent – think of a sport other than curling or Gaelic football and chances are you can name a handful of Aussies that are pretty bloody good at it – and although we mightn’t display the same fervour other countries possess for their national teams, Australia’s national identity is intimately linked to the greenand-gold’s achievements in the sporting arena. Australian people are friendly In the realm of travel-writing clichés, “friendly locals” is right up there with “hidden gem” and “off the beaten track” with the very most tired. But however, worn out that phrase might be, when it comes to describing Australians, it’s utterly accurate. Aussies aren’t anywhere near as outgoing as, say, Americans, but are equally as approachable – start with a smile and a “G’day, mate” and you’re well on your way to a new friend. Australian people are loyal

Australian people are tough And the good genes don’t end there – the fact that Australians are capable of surviving on an island crawling with sharks, crocodiles, snakes, spiders, jellyfish, drop bears, and any number of other terrifying creatures that are itching to send them to an early grave is survival of the fittest stuff that Charles Darwin himself could’ve written a book on. Australian people are sporty

The concept of loyalty obviously isn’t unique to Australia but ‘mateship’ – an idiom based on the popular term of address ‘mate’, and a term that evokes a spirit of loyalty, equality and mutual support – is one of the country’s most deeply cherished values. So cherished, in fact, that the government defines the word in the official resources supplied to aspiring Australian citizens: “Australia has a strong tradition of mateship where people help and receive help from others voluntarily, especially in times of adversity… A mate can be a spouse, partner, brother, sister, daughter, son or a friend. A mate can also be a total stranger.”

Heartland Magazine | 41

Kunghur School 1922-1968

Terragon School 1916-1942

In July 1915 the parents at Kunghur put in an application for a school. They had a two acre site ready and were willing to help in any way they could. There were 34 children in the area. Establishment of a school was not recommended by the Inspector on 21st August 1915, as he decided they lived too close to Midginbil School to warrant building another school.

The school building was completed by September 1915 by builder Walter Bray at a cost of £185/6/-. The school consisted of one classroom with a porch room where school bags and hats were put, and a four acre school paddock was provided for the horses which other than “Shanks Pony” (walking) were the main means of transport for the children. It was estimated that there would be 30 pupils and the teacher could board at Mr J. Priest’s, the saw-mill owner, just half a mile from the school.

He added that Kunghur would eventually need a school and the Midginbil School would close. Individual parents wrote complaining about the distances their children had to go to school. In 1916 so many requests were made from parents Kunghur School Photo Courtesy Tweed regional Museum US000601 that the Chief Inspector visited to look into the matter and decided that there would be no school at Kunghur. Five official applications were made by parents between 1915 and 1918. One reason for refusal was that during WW1 money was scarce. The parents then wrote that Kunghur Hall could be used as a school and would be given free of rent for twelve months. The Inspector said no. In 1919 a further application was submitted for a school at Kunghur. Again, it was refused. Further letters were written in 1920 and in May 1920 Mr L. McLean, secretary of Kunghur Progress Association wrote that people had to leave the district in order to get their children educated. He quoted various families who had left and said that he may leave too. Another application was put in by parents. A meeting was called in July 1920 and on 17th July 1920 the Minister wrote that he had decided to establish a Provisional School at Kunghur. The parents had to sign an undertaking to 1.) Convey the materials from the nearest mill, wharf or railway station. 2.) Supply sleeper logs for closets [toilets] and tank stand. 3.) Excavate the two [toilet] pits and 4.) Supply foundation blocks. The parents willingly signed. In November 1920 the Education Department called for tenders to build the school. They employed Mr Alderman (as a day labourer) with the estimated cost being £400. In May 1921 the parents sent in a petition asking when the school would be built as they were anxious to start clearing the land. The next month Mr Alderman wrote that he did not have enough materials for Kunghur School. He asked to use materials from Dungay School which had been closed down and which he was demolishing. Permission was given. The school was completed on 12th October 1921 at a cost of £383/3/9 and officially opened in January 1922. In 1928 some minor repairs and painting was done to Kunghur School and the parents took the opportunity to ask for a teacher’s residence, but they were refused. In 1929 the School was reclassified as a Public School. During the 1930’s when the McAndrew children enrolled at the Kunghur School three of the children used to ride the one horse to and from school. Also, in the 1930’s, as there were many men out of work because of the depression, they would travel carrying their swags and camp overnight at the school. On one occasion when the teacher was away having lunch, a swag man chased all the children into the school. He stood on the steps with his hands on each of the rails, until Neville King made a dash down the stairs and shot under the man’s arms to get the teacher to return to school. It was believed that some of the bigger boys may have teased the man to have him chase them. In 1936 when the Public School at Dum Dum closed, the parents quickly asked if the residence could be moved to Kunghur. However, Dum Dum reopened before they could do this. In 1937 further repairs and painting were done to the school. In April 1938 the P. & C. asked for a weather shed. The teacher suggested that as the verandah was quite wide it would be better to close in part of it for a shelter. The Department agreed. During WW2 the children’s fathers dug a slit trench beside the school. Air raid drill was held quite regularly as a precaution if ever the need to use the trenches arose. Kunghur School closed in June 1969.

42 | Heartland Magazine

The original cost of the school ground which had been resumed by the Government was £10 an acre. Mr Cahill the owner of the land tried to claim £15 an acre as he said it was the best land he had. The inspector wrote to various people to try to ascertain the correct value. Mr Priest from the saw-mill, the Bank and the Estate Agents all agreed that £10 was a very fair price. Mr Cahill decided to accept £20 for his land “to save further trouble” but he also sent his solicitor’s account of £3/3/- to the Department to be paid. White ants were a problem and in 1918 the ants had eaten the seats on the toilets, the W.C.’s were almost falling down and the ants had eaten the lining in the hat room. This is the first record of many concerning the white ants destruction at Terragon. In 1920 painting and repairs were carried out. The repairs were extensive because of white ant damage. The teacher wrote that the white ants were ‘attacking every board in the building and the lining boards are being rapidly eaten. The hat pegs are falling off the wall.’ Even after repairs white ants kept eating the building. The teacher wrote several times and eventually the Department decided to send a “white ant expert”. He was to go to all the schools in the area but when he arrived at Murwillumbah Railway Station, he discovered that he couldn’t get accommodation anywhere on account of the Flu, so he camped the night in the Station waiting room and caught the next train back to Sydney. Eventually the white ant expert did get to Terragon and found that the school was built on a white ant nest. White ants were still a worry in 1926. The expert was called in again. He said that they made a mistake in the first place by not using white ant resistant timber and the capping’s were faulty. When Mr George Fenning took over as teacher in 1938 he had similar complaints as previous teachers in regard to white ants and the need for repairs. Joseph “Bunny” Whitby remembered; 1929 when Mr Eric Baker became the teacher at Terragon he was the proud owner of a T. Model Ford. From then on all the kids who lived on his route to school always made sure they were on the road in time to be picked up by Mr Baker in the Ford which would arrive at the school with children hanging all over it. The school was at the junction of the main South Arm Road and Byrrill Creek Road which led to the timber forests. The bullock teams used to cross the stream known then as Reynolds Crossing on their way to the Terragon Saw-mill with loads of logs. It was common for the teacher to take the children down to a vantage point to watch the manoeuvring and cajoling that took place as each team negotiated the steep climb and sharp corner leading up to the main road. Having completed the most hazardous part of the journey and onto a better road most of the teams would be lined up along the front of the school and given a rest while the drivers boiled their billies and had lunch. Pupil numbers started decreasing and in April 1942 the Terragon Provisional School closed.

The Terragon Mill established by J. C. Priest 1910 Photo Courtesy Tweed Regional Museum

The New England Bus Company George Albert Robinson could not have stepped into the passenger transport industry at a more opportune time, Changes were on the way. The motor vehicle was coming, and animal motor power was on the way out. Optimists and enterprising people could see the dawning of a new era when automotive power, despite a general lack of knowledge of its technicalities and reliability would be the way to go.

Railway development on the North Coast was different from the usual practice of building lines which radiated from the capital. The NSW Railways Commissioners built the first section of the North Coast Line from Lismore to Murwillumbah in 1894 and extended it westward to Casino in 1903 and south to Grafton in 1905. A branch from Casino to Kyogle was added in 1910 but 20 years were to pass before the line was extended beyond Kyogle to South Brisbane. Finally, in 1932, after linking various isolated sections of line and bridging the Clarence River between South Grafton and Grafton, it was possible to travel from Sydney to Brisbane without interruption. It was also possible to journey by sea to and from Sydney and North Coast towns before the rail connection was provided from Sydney. Byron Bay and Ballina became important shipping centres, both having local rail connections to immediate inland centres. The gradual extension of the railway and in those days, the condition of the roads which were prone to being cut by floodwater and bogs, apparently were factors which influenced George Robinson’s decision to dissolve the partnership with his brother and go into the hotel business in Wauchope. But this activity did not last long; the hotel trade held little interest for him, so he began to look over the transport potential of Richmond River region. His brother Bill continued as a hotelier, moving to Grafton where the signwriting on a fascia identifying “Robinson’s Crown Hotel” can still be seen.

G A Robinson was one of those who could see ahead. Before the turn of the century when he was a boy, his father operated boats and passenger ferries on the Macleay River; son of George served as a deck hand and later as a piolet. His first venture into land transport was in 1909 with a horse and sulky carrying passengers to and from the North Coast steamers at Trial Bay and Kempsey (25 miles/40kms). This outfit was quickly replaced by a buggy and pair to cope with increasing patronage. G A Robinson’s introduction to the motor vehicles came with the purchase of a two cylinder Talbot car in 1910 and although it was not an entirely reliable vehicle, he used it to establish a charter service in Kempsey district. Next he acquired a four cylinder Clement Bayard with which he setup a bi-weekly service between Kempsey and Taree-78 miles (125km). Encouraged by the success of this innovation he conceived the idea of a vehicle with a multi seat body. In 1911 during a visit to Sydney he ordered a Berliet chassis on condition that the distributors agreed to build a body capable of carrying 12 passengers. He put it to work on his growing Kempsey-Taree service. His brother William joined him in this venture and operating as Robinson Bros, they opened a garage in the main street of Kempsey with commodious and comfortable waiting room for passengers. In June that year (1912) the brother announced that they had established a service from Newcastle to Grafton “in daylight”. This 300 miles (480kms) run was accomplished in daylight hours over three stages: Newcastle-Taree, Taree- Kempsey and Kempsey-Grafton. Fare was 6/10-($13). By the end of the year the Robinsons had acquired a more powerful car, a Brasier, and were advertising that it would depart Kempsey at 4am and would arrive in Newcastle (178miles/286kms) in time to catch the 4.25 train to Sydney. At the time there was no North Coast railway service. It was in the process of being formed; isolated sections such as Raleigh to Coffs Harbour and Glenreagh to Grafton were opened in 1915.

44 | Heartland Magazine

In 1918 G A Robinson purchased the business of Barnes & Shelly, which consisted of a garage in Casino and passenger service which they had been running between Casino and Tenterfield under the name of New England Motor Co. He had been looking for an opportunity to set up services connecting the tablelands with the coast by running from and to the railway which had been constructed from Sydney through the New England region and had reached Tenterfield and Wallangarra (on the NSW/ Queensland border) by 1888. For over 25 years passengers and mail were carried by horse drawn drags and coaches from Tenterfield to Casino and Lismore. Horse coach timetables showed departures from Lismore at 9pm for Casino and Tenterfield nest day at 5.18pm- rather precise scheduling for horse coaches! The fare was 40 shillings ($4) for the 102 miles (164kms) from Lismore, the 35 shillings ($3.50) for the 82mile (90kms) run from Casino. Not exactly discount rates for the 20 mile (32kms) Casino-Kyogle run. There was a twice daily service (9am and 4pm) for six shillings (60 cents) single or ten shillings (1) return. As motor vehicles replaced the horse coaches, Walter and Jim Lynn had established the Northern Motor Co. and another operator, Jim Cole, had also launched into the motor age. So, had “Curly” Newton and all of these provided stiff competition for the newcomer, G A Robinson. One by one New England Motor Co.’s competitors dropped out; one of them “Curly” Newton decided to join Robinson and for the next 27 years he was a driver and then Tenterfield office manager for the company. In 1919 Robinson moved his headquarters from Casino to Lismore and soon afterward extended his operations to Ballina by purchasing A. O’Sullivan’s Lismore-Ballina run, completing the connection from the hinterland to the sea. The New England Motor Co.’s Cadillac service cars became a familiar sight lined up at Tenterfield railway station every morning awaiting the arrival of the overnight mail train from Sydney. Along the way to Casino and Lismore there would be a lunch stop at Tabulam for passengers traveling from Tenterfield and for those from Lismore to catch the southbound train. Drivers would change over and return to their respective bases. To be continued in Issue 37 of Heartland Magazine

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Haydon and Liz “I grew up in South Australia where I had surf shops for many years. That’s where I met Andrew Fox of Rodney Fox Tours. I worked in the surf shop industry for 18 years. My partner Lizzy and I left Adelaide in 1999 and moved to the Northern Rivers. We were in Lismore for a while when I was the CEO for First Sun prior to moving to Lennox Head where we still reside.

Three years ago, we were sitting around the dinner table with some friends and we were talking about all the shark attacks that had been happening in the area. There had just been an attack in Evans Head where that fellow received some nasty injuries. Liz said, if you can make a Kevlar lined pair of jeans the motorbike riders wear for protection surely, we can find a fabric to incorporate into a wetsuit to help protect from blood loss in a shark attack. I started researching it and developed the idea. The whole process has taken about 3 years. I’ve played around with all sorts of fabrics and I found this fabric in Taiwan. By putting the fabric either side of Neoprene it is a lot stronger. I patented the idea and they constructed the fabric. It’s called Sharkstop.

had to do 10 tests. The shark bit on it a number of times and the fabric remained strong. If it were a person, the bones would crush but you wouldn’t bleed out. It’s the blood loss that kills people. One of the first people I spoke to when I was thinking about this was a guy called Trevor Long from Seaworld. He gave me half an hour and just as we were leaving, he said. I think your idea is great. If you can stop the bleeding, you will save the victim. We haven’t got the money to develop this suit so hopefully a dive company will come along and want it incorporated in their suits. If not, a whole suit Charlie Huveneers has made a body map of all the hit points in shark attacks over the years. He can work out the best places to put panels of the fabric. Andrew is the son of Rodney Fox (tours). Rodney was spearfishing years ago and was attacked by a huge White Pointer. He was badly bitten around his chest and arm. He is regarded as a miracle survivor of one of the world’s worst non-fatal shark attacks. In the attack all his ribs were broken on the left side of his body. His abdomen was exposed, his lung was ripped open, his spleen was open, his artery was exposed, and his veins were collapsing from blood loss. He still has a sharks tooth in his wrist. He ended up needing 462 stitches after the attack. The bite was a semicircular bite from his shoulder right down to his hip. The shark grabbed him and shook him violently and then let him go. He went on to spend a lot of time with Jacques Cousteau and to this day he is a defender of sharks. They do lots of research. Andrew took us out on the boat for a cage dive. They are magnificent creatures. By developing this suit, we not only aim to protect people from sharks but also sharks from people. If people can be protected, we may not need drum lines and nets which cause so much damage and kill so many other sea creatures needlessly.”

We had a lot of trouble trying to get the money together to do the testing. I’d applied for a number of grants through the DPI to get some help with funding. Eventually I was talking to Andrew Fox who suggested I contact Charlie Huveneers who is a Professor of Marine Science at Flinders University. He does this type of testing and gets money from the DPI. Charlie included the fabric testing in the submission. He is one of the few people in Australia allowed to work with White Pointers because they are protected. It was through Flinders University we got the grant. The Uni received $90k to test all these gadgets, fabrics, electronic deterrents, magnetic attachments, all sorts of shark repellents. According to what I’ve been told by the crew who were watching the testing, our fabric Sharkstop has been the best of all of them. (The shark photo was supplied by Flinders University.) by Denise Alyson

To do the testing they get a slab of polystyrene, fill the inside with slabs of tuna and pressure meters to gauge the strength of the bite. They then wrap our fabric around. (see photo supplied by Sharkstop). The shark grabs it and wants to take it to the bottom and eat it. They 46 | Heartland Magazine

St Mary’s Commercial College established in 1926. Many young ladies would attend such colleges to learn typing, shorthand, book-keeping and personal presentation. The graduates were in high demand from businesses and companies for their high quality training.

from bitting their tongues.

would trust that customers would tip, for their trouble.

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, many Australians were fearful of the war coming to their homes. This headgear was designed to muffle the sounds of explosions and stop the children was

Pictured in WW1, toilet room girls would have towels and soap ready for customers as they needed them. The ladies would keep up the general cleanliness of the toilet and

The last remaining example of the G12 Monospar Bruce Robinson sent these pictures in to Heartland Magazine of his restoration of a G12 Monospar and asked if we could share them with our readers. Latest photos re the restoration of [LISMOREâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s] New England Airwaysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Monospar VH-UTH at the Newark Aero Museum. It will be complete in about 12 months and, Is the last remaining example of the G12 Monospar in the world. This particular aircraft led a very interesting life and transported various dignitaries including ex PM, Billy Hughes. It was flown back to England in 1960 after passing through a number of owners including the Illawarra Aero Club and has been enjoying a painstakingly slow restoration for some years now. Bruce Robinson

Heartland Magazine | 47

AUSSIE MOTORING

The History of Holden

The Holden Camira The Holden Camira was a mid-size car which was produced by Holden between 1982 and 1989. It was Holden’s version of GM’s J-body family of cars—GM’s third “global” car platform. The name “Camira” comes from an Aboriginal word meaning “wind.” After an initial good sales run, Camira sales dropped significantly and the model was discontinued in 1989. The Holden Apollo, a rebadged Toyota Camry was introduced as the Australian market replacement, with New Zealand instead offering the European-sourced Opel Vectra. In all 151,807 Camiras were built (85,725 JBs; 36,953 JDs; and 29,129 JEs). JB (1982–1984) The original Camira, the JB series, was introduced in 1982 with a major trans-Tasman marketing campaign. The Camira replaced the Sunbird and Torana, although an interim four-cylinder version of the Commodore bridged the two-year production gap.. A station wagon version was introduced the following year, and its bodywork was exported to Vauxhall in the United Kingdom for the Cavalier wagon. Some Camiras were also exported to right-hand drive markets in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia and Singapore. The wagon variant was specifically a Holden design, which Holden insisted should be part of the overall “J-car” program. A five-door hatchback, based on the Opel Ascona/Vauxhall Cavalier “J-car” was proposed for the Camira, but never made it to the production stage due to Holden’s financial losses at that time.

steering was optional from early 1984 The Camira was Wheels magazine’s Car of the Year for 1982. While superior to most other cars of the day in terms of ride and handling, the 1.6-litre Family II (16LF) engine, marketed as Camtech, was regarded as “underpowered” by much of the motoring media. While partly true, the powerplant produced similar power levels to many of its rivals, although the actual power delivery differed. Unlike traditional Australian engines that had reserves of low down torque, the Camira required a very different driving style that involved revving the engine. Early models of the Camira suffered from a litany of quality control problems, which included smoking engines, insufficient drainage holes in the doors, poor paint quality and lack of adequate fan cooling, resulting in overheating in JB Camiras fitted with air conditioning. This tarnished the Camira’s reputation and led to its withdrawal from the New Zealand market, where a Camira-labeled Isuzu Aska was sold instead. Specification levels SL: entry-level variant, with no air conditioning or power steering, though it is possible to find some with dealer-fitted air conditioning. SJ: sporty version based on SL with a five-speed manual transmission. Other changes constrained to cosmetic upgrades. Available in three colours - Electron Blue, Super Maranello Red and Quasar Orange. SL/X: received several additional extras over SL including cloth trim, extra chrome, and other cosmetic upgrades. SL/E: top-of-the-line model with richer trim, full instrumentation, and alloy wheels as standard. These alloy wheels were styled similarly to those of the VH Commodore SL/E wheels (but using a four spoke/four stud design rather than the Commodore’s five). Despite being available in all other “J-car” models, power windows were not available in the Australian Camira models until the JE version. However air conditioning and cruise control were optional, as was a trip computer. JD (1984–1987) The second series JD Camira, released in 1984 received a facelift, with a more aerodynamic front-end and the absence of a conventional front grille. The differences were not only cosmetic, the engine was upgraded from 1.6 to a multi-point fuel injected 1.8-litre on the SL/X and SL/E models (the 1.6-litre remained for the SL). These changes combined allowed the engine to deliver 85 kW (114 hp). The new 1.8-litre engine was mated with a close ratio five-speed manual transmission, as opposed to the four-speed fitted to the 1.6. In mid-1986 new emissions regulations required that all cars manufactured in Australia run on unleaded petrol. Firstly, Holden dropped the base 1.6-litre engine. For the 1.8-litre, Holden was forced to engineer another reworking of the engine (all variants prior to this ran on leaded petrol), during which time Holden was operating at a loss. The result was that Holden dropped the multi-point injection for the 1.8-litre and reverted to single-point, akin to a carburettor, and altered the tuning of the engine to suit. A power-robbing catalytic converter was fitted, and power output was reduced by 20 kW (27 hp) to 63 kW (84 hp).

There was only one engine, the carburettored, naturally aspirated, transversely mounted 1.6-litre four-cylinder engine delivering 64 kilowatts (86 hp). The transaxle offering was a four-speed manual on the SL and SL/X, with a five-speed unit specified to SJ and SL/E variants. A three-speed automatic was optional on all models. Power 48 | Heartland Magazine

This engine was also used in Holden’s locally manufactured compact car, the LD Astra (1987–1989), a badge engineered Nissan Pulsar (N13; 1987–1991), as well as the Pulsar itself. This was the result of a model sharing alliance between Holden and Nissan at the time, where the Nissan body was used in conjunction with GM powertrains. Running on unleaded petrol, this engine had an output of 79 kW (106 hp). The Pulsar’s 1.8-litre engine contained the same basic internals as the JD Camira’s 1.8-litre engine, with the main exception being the block casting and smaller ports/valves on the head, and smaller intake manifold. Both the Camira and Astra/Pulsar engines were powered by a Delco Electronics engine control unit. This caused problems of its own, as with age, the fine tolerance of the circuitry

AUSSIE MOTORING and componentry have a tendency to fail unexpectedly, and on failing, the engine will cease to operate, or operate with a crippling loss of power due to incorrect tuning and fuel delivery. The external engine mounts are better placed on the Pulsar, and hence result in longer engine mount life. Specification levels SL, SL/X, and SL/E: as for JB. Executive: introduced in 1986 as an option pack for the SL/X. The Executive was first seen on the VK Commodore in 1984. Formula: first seen on the JD model, the Formula pack was optional to any model which had special pin striping and side skirts, this pack sold in limited numbers. JJ (New Zealand; 1984–1987)

SL, SLX, Executive, SLE: as for JB and JD series, except the SLX and SLE nameplates no longer featured the “/” symbol, as in SL/X. Vacationer: was a special edition, based on the Executive, painted light blue metallic (an HT Monaro colour) with red and white decals, SLX trim, and SLE roof racks (wagons). SLi 2000: was unique to the JE, being a “sports” package based on the SLX. Major differences were the addition of side skirts, a small spoiler and distinctive orange and silver pin striping. In somewhat of a marketing ploy, the SLi was only available in red,(although one report of a white 1988 SLi 2000 purchased from new exists in NZ)in the sedan body shell with a five-speed manual transaxle, and with a grey interior from the SLX. Despite its sports-oriented nature, the SLi 2000 was powered by the same Family II engine fitted to all other JEs, hence providing no extra performance.

In New Zealand the second generation Camira was marketed as the Camira JJ. This consisted of two entirely different J-cars: the sedan version was a rebadged version of the Isuzu Aska from Japan. This decision was made by General Motors New Zealand as sales figures of the Camira JB were poor for this market, however the wagon version which was built and sold in Australia was retained and assembled locally. JE (1987–1989) Released in April 1987, the JE was the final series of Camira. By this time, many of the Camira’s early quality problems had been overcome, and Holden now fitted the multi-point fuel-injected 2.0-litre engine to replace the 1.8-litre unit. The 2.0-litre unit delivered 85 kW (114 hp) at 5200 rpm and 176 N⋅m (130 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 3200 rpm. The automatic transaxle in the JE, the TurboHydramatic 125 C, sported a lockup torque converter. Styling changes were minor from the JD with the addition of a thin grille up front, revised bonnet, larger 14-inch wheels and new wheel trims. After Camira production wound up during 1989, Holden replaced the Camira with the Apollo, a rebadged Toyota Camry. This was a result of the Button car plan introduced by the Australian Government, which encouraged a reduction in the number of Australian car-makers and models. General Motors New Zealand was not affected by this scheme and instead replaced the Camira with the European-sourced Opel Vectra, which after 1994 was rebadged as the Holden Vectra. Holden continued to produce the Family II engine for export well after the Camira was discontinued. Over three million variants were produced, in 1.6-, 1.8- and 2.0-litre configurations, with the 1.8- and 2.0-litre variants being fuel injected. Specification levels

Formula: was, like the SLi 2000, and could be optioned across the entire sedan range. Skirting and pin striping were also options. Buyers did have the freedom to choose the colour, however all versions had manual transmission and “Formula” headrest inserts. The Vacationer, SLi 2000 and the Formula were sold in limited numbers and are subsequently rare today, as were cars built with power windows, central locking and automatic boot lid releases. Safety The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by the Monash University Accident Research Centre, found that 1982–1989 Holden Camiras provide a “significantly worse than average” level of safety in the event of an accident, in a comparison to other “medium cars”. The next edition of Heartland Magazines history of Holden, we will look at the Holden Astra and the longevity of it here in Australia

Heartland Magazine | 49

TRUCKING HISTORY The History of Bedford continued from Issue 35 We have previously covered Bedford from the beginning to 1960, now we will start again from 1960 and a bit of the history. 1960s and 1970s The Bedford TK range was produced in large numbers since 1959, and served as the basis for a variety of derivatives including fire engines, military vehicles, horse-boxes, tippers, flat-bed trucks, and other specialist utility vehicles. A Post Office Telephones version used for installing telegraph poles was known as the Pole Erection Unit. The British Armed Forces still use four-wheel drive Bedford MKs – a variant of the TK. Available with four and six-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the TK was the quintessential light truck in the UK through most of the 1960s and 1970s, competing with the similar Ford D series. It was available in rigid form, and also as a light tractor unit, normally using the Scammell coupling form of trailer attachment. The Bedford KM was a similar vehicle, using the same cab, but with a slightly restyled front end, and was marketed for heavierduty applications than the TK, i.e. 16 tons and over. Many developing countries still use ageing Bedfords every day, their robust nature and simple engineering endearing them as highly useful vehicles in demanding terrain. In 1967, a Bedford SB3 chassis with Plaxton’s Panorama cab was used in the construction of seven custom mobile cinema units that toured British factories for the Ministry of Technology to “raise standards”. The body was custom fabricated from extruded aluminium by Coventry Steel Caravans. One of these restored units is used as a vintage mobile cinema. The vehicle dubbed The Reel History Bus was used in the BBC Two television series, Reel History of Britain showing little known or totally unseen archive film of historical events, to the surviving participants and their families on board. They showed their reaction and interviewed audience members about their often newly jogged memories of events. The Vintage Mobile Cinema has appeared on The One Show and George Clarke’s Small Spaces, and continues to appear around the UK. The smaller Bedford CF was less successful, competing directly with the marketdominating Ford Transit, although used by many of Britain’s major utility companies, including British Telecom and British Gas plc. However, the CF was much less popular with fleet operators than the Transit, which was more popular with its drivers and seen as cheaper to operate and maintain. Part of the 50 | Heartland Magazine

reason for the CF’s relative unpopularity was the use of the slant 4 SOHC petrol engine from the FD and FE Vauxhall Victor – which was notoriously rough running, had high fuel consumption, and was susceptible to cam belt breakage. However, the CF became very popular as a base of special-bodied ice cream vans and mobile shops. The later CF2 used the more reliable Opel Ascona engine. In Australia, the GM subsidiary of Holden began assembling the CF series with in-line six-cylinder engines borrowed from their passenger car range, in competition against Ford Australia’s version of the Transit van which had been re-engineered to accommodate in-line six-cylinder engines from the antipodean Ford Falcon. Bedford’s smallest products, car-derived vans, were the Bedford HA van, which substantially outlived the Vauxhall Viva HA on which it was based, and the Bedford Chevanne, a short-lived variant of the Vauxhall Chevette. An estate conversion of the HA van by Martin Walter was marketed as the Bedford Beagle. This was further developed into a camper van, the Roma, again by Martin Walter. The company also made a number of bus chassis, its low price catering for the cheaper end of the coach market. 1980s The TK/KM/MK range remained the mainstay of production throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but with little serious product investment the range became increasingly outdated. In 1982, the TL range was introduced almost completely replacing the TK, although its military equivalents continued in production for the UK Ministry of Defence. In reality a long overdue update of the TK, the TL was never as popular as the model range it succeeded. This was largely due to more modern products offered by other companies (increasingly from the likes of Volvo, MAN and Mercedes-Benz). The Bedford TM was the largest of all the modern Bedfords, with payloads available up to 42 tonnes GTW permissible. The TM was available with either GM or Detroit Diesel engines and enjoyed a small but loyal customer base, but could never compete with the volume producers, primarily Volvo and Scania. Turkey’s Genoto assembled Bedfords under license. A major blow came when Bedford failed to win a UK Ministry of Defence contract to produce the standard 4–ton 4x4 GS (general service) truck for the British forces, although in extensive tests the Bedford candidate had been the equal of the Leyland (later Leyland DAF) candidate, and the British Army expressed a preference to continue the trusted relationship with Bedford trucks. The reasons for this decision were seen by many as political, as the Army 4–tonner contract was seen by the Thatcher government as essential for the long-term survival of Leyland, and the formation of Leyland DAF. The implications of the decision were also noted by GM in Detroit, who had already been refused permission to buy the Land Rover division of British Leyland, which they had intended to operate in tandem with the Bedford Truck division as a major force in the military and civilian 4x4 market.

TRUCKING HISTORY

In addition to this setback, by the middle of the decade, the more technologically advanced competition from other truck manufacturers was eating heavily into sales. In reality, the Bedford truck range, still largely based on the 1960 TK range, had become increasingly outdated when compared with the opposition, leading to a deep decline in non-military sales. It was therefore announced by GM that Bedford would stop production of all commercial vehicles, and the Dunstable plant would close in 1986. From there on in, the Bedford name continued as badge engineering on smaller light commercials only, with the car based Astravan, the CF van (until 1986), and finally the Suzuki Carry based Bedford Rascal microvan and Isuzu Fargo based Bedford Midi van range – later to be called the Vauxhall Midi. Isuzu and IBC Bedford’s first partnership with Isuzu came in 1976 when it marketed a rebadged version of the Isuzu Faster pickup truck as the Bedford KB. The vehicle was never a strong seller in Britain, (subsequent generations were badged as the Bedford/Vauxhall Brava), but it did pave the way for further collaboration – culminating in the IBC venture. In 1986, the Bedford van factory in Luton was reorganised as a joint venture with Isuzu. The resulting company, IBC Vehicles, produced a locally built version of the Isuzu Fargo in 1985 (badged as the Bedford Midi). In 1991, this was followed by a European version of the Isuzu MU Wizard called the Frontera, and a rebadged Renault Trafic van called the Arena, sold under the Vauxhall and Opel brand names. The Bedford name was dropped completely, as were all of its preceding range apart from the Midi, which was sold for a few years as the Bedford Seta.

known as Fulk’s Hall, which over time, came to be the locality of Vauxhall, the original home of Vauxhall Motors. The griffin returned to Luton in 1903 when Vauxhall Motors moved there. The Bedford version of the logo differed from the Vauxhall version in that the Griffin did not hold a flag – although later versions of the logo showed the Griffin holding a flag carrying a letter “B” (for Bedford) instead of a “V”. Break out The Bedford QL was a series of trucks, manufactured by Bedford for use by the British Armed Forces in the Second World War. At the outbreak of WW II, Bedford was contracted by the British War Office to produce a 3 ton 4×4 general service truck. A pilot model was ready in February 1940 and quantity production started in March 1941. The Bedford QL was in production from 1941 to 1945 and was Bedford’s first vehicle series built for the military. Lorry, 3 ton, GS Bedford half-track (Bedford-Bren - prototype only) Following the fall of Singapore rubber was scarce and so at the request of the Ministry of Supply a Bedford QL was adapted using a Carden Lloyd suspension taken from a Bren Gun Carrier. While the Bedford-Bren was capable of impressive feats of tractive power (which could have been easily produced in its own right as a prime mover) British authorities, unlike the Americans and Germans, did not favour the half-track. The shortage of rubber was not as severe as anticipated and official interest in the project waned. Not only did this British parallel to the German Maultier not go into production, the single prototype was converted back into an all-wheel vehicle.

David John Bowes Brown and AWD

Lorry, 3 ton, 4 x 4, Bedford, experimental (Bedford Giraffe prototype only) An attempt to make a motor vehicle capable of deep wading for river crossings and amphibious landing, the Bedford Giraffe was developed as insurance against the shallow wading kits under development did not prove effective in deeper water. As a ‘plan B’ Vauxhall adapted a Bedford GL by mounting its engine, cab and gearbox on an elevated girder frame some seven feet high, with a chain drive transmitting power to the propshaft. The ungainly but effective vehicle demonstrated it was a viable solution should hastily extemporised waterproofing kits fail but they proved effective and so no specialised type was required.

The Bedford trucks site in Dunstable and business was sold in 1987 to AWD Trucks, a company owned by David John Bowes Brown. The AWD name was used as GM would only allow the use of the Bedford name for military trucks. David John Bowes Brown was the designer in 1973 of the then DJB D250 Articulated Dump Truck, built in Peterlee, England, by DJB Engineering. DJB was renamed Artix in 1985 when the trucks were rebadged as Caterpillar. Artix itself was sold to Caterpillar in 1996.

QLR Signals vehicle. Originally mounted on the QLC chassis/cab, special QLR chassis were soon put into production, which differed from the standard type in having special electrical equipment, radio suppression, fitment of a 660 W auxiliary generator driven by the transfer case power-take-off and, like the QLT, two 16 gallon petrol tanks instead of one behind the cab. The interior furniture, partitioning and radio equipment varied from the different functions. On vehicles installed for the wireless role, a tent could be erected at the rear.

AWD continued with the TL and TM range. The AWD Bedford TK (a rebadged and modernised version of the Bedford TK / MK range) was also produced and supplied to the British military. Due to cheaper competition and the virtual collapse of the UK market in which AWD competed in 1989/90, the company went into receivership in 1992 and was bought by dealer network Marshall of Cambridge. The name was finally retired in 1998.

Between cab and man body were lockers for aerial masts and other equipment. Beneath the body were further lockers and racks for cable drums, batteries, tyre chains, 20 gallon drinking water tank, rectifier box, tools, fuel tank for the auxiliary engine, jerrycans and other items. The basic body shells were produced by Duple, Lagonda, Mulliner, Tickford and others. A revised body was introduced in during 1944 for the Command High and Low Power and Wireless High Power roles. This body had an improved “L”-shaped tent which could be erected alongside the left-hand side and rear of the body.

In 1998, GM bought Isuzu out of the IBC partnership. The plant now operates as GMM Luton, and produces the Renault Trafic which is badge engineered as the Nissan Primastar, Opel Vivaro and Vauxhall Vivaro.

Logo Bedford used the Griffin logo of Vauxhall Motors, derived from the heraldic crest of Falkes de Breauté, who was granted the Manor of Luton by King John. By marriage, he acquired property in London,

In the next edition of Heartland Magazine we start the history of Scania Trucks

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SUV & 4WD NEWS 2020 Hyundai Palisade The 2020 Hyundai Palisade is not Hyundai’s first three-row SUV, but it certainly is its best and biggest. The Palisade will probbaly replace the Hyundai Santa Fe, which suffered from a cramped third row fit for only occasional use. The Palisade’s silky ride quality and premium interior appointments teeter at the edge of luxury. Offering three spacious rows of seating, loads of safety and driver-assist technology, all-wheel drive, and distinctive styling, it’s a bold statement for this Korean manufacturer. The attention to detail on this SUV is the best in class from this writers point of view. The top of the range Palisade sniffs the luxury segment and includes just about every bell and whistle. Nappa leather seating surfaces, a faux-suede headliner, heated and ventilated first and second rows, a 12-speaker Harman/Kardon audio system, and a vast amount of safety and driver-assist systems are a few of the high points

An 8.0-inch touchscreen infotainment display with Android Auto, Apple CarPlay, and Bluetooth connectivity is standard on entry level trims. A responsive and intuitive 10.3-inch display rendered with sharp resolution—optional on the mid level and standard with the top of the range—offers navigation and SiriusXM satellite radio. Both systems also can be operated by physical knobs and buttons. Up to seven USB ports can be optioned as well as the ability to connect two Bluetooth devices simultaneously. When equipped with Hyundai’s Blue Link app service, the Palisade can be locked and unlocked as well as started remotely through Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. With the second- and third-row seats folded, power operation is optional on the mid model and standard on top of the range. Cargo volume behind the front seats is 86 cubic feet, which fit 33 carry-on suitcases in our figures. With the second row in the upright position and the third row folded, there is 46 cubic feet. Store the third row and the volume shrinks to a modest 18 cubes. Underneath the load floor, there is plenty of room to store muddy or wet items. The cubbies in the doors are tight, but there is reasonable storage within and below the floating-bridge center console. Hyundai offers a selectable-speed rear tailgate, which can open or close in as little as 4.5 seconds. That might not sound impressive, but when you’re standing in the rain with grocery bags, that lift gate can’t rise soon enough.

The Palisade is powered by a 3.8-liter V-6. Coupled to an eight-speed automatic transmission, the engine’s 217 Kilowatt and 355 Nm of torque are adequate for this segment, 0-100km/p/h has been rated at 6.9 seconds. The Palisade’s transmission can be manually shifted with steering-wheel-mounted paddles. The gearbox shifts smoothly on its own, but there’s some busy shuffling of the ratios when climbing hills. Front-wheel drive is standard, while all-wheel drive is optional on all trim levels. Highway driving should see a return of 9 litres per 100kms. In addition to this powerful engine, the 2020 Palisade includes many necessary safety features. These include forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection, blind spot warning, rear cross traffic warning with automatic braking and Hyundai’s Safe Exit Assist, and a rear occupant alert so you never forget a kid or pet in the rear seats. Interior Noise from the road is suppressed; however, a large amount of wind noise penetrates the doors. The controls for the climate system and drive modes are logically laid out and easy to use. There’s room for up to eight passengers in the entry level and next up trims, seven in the top of the range, and there’s plenty of space in all three rows for

their occupants. The second row features a one-touch button to move the seat forward for easy access to the third row.

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Above: Hyundai’s Blue Link telematics system—which enables remote communication with the car, calls for help in the event of an accident, and navigation help—is accompanied by a smartphone app and is available on most of the brand’s models. The Palisade’s version of Blue Link, however, gets an extra feature: Driver Presets. If you plan to share the vehicle with a spouse, roomate, or friend, up to two drivers can set their seat and mirror positions to a memory function that also can remember their air-conditioning settings—the kicker is that, unlike traditional memory seat and mirror functions, and each user can switch the car to those settings as they’re approaching the vehicle using their phone, without needing to remember which memory button corresponds to their preferences. Sounds great doesn’t it? Well, all we can hope is that Hyundai Australia gets their wish and are allowed to bring it in to Australia in the first quarter of 2020.

SUV & 4WD NEWS 2020 Volkswagen T-Roc If a Tiguan is too big (or too SUV-like), the Volkswagen T-Roc aims to bridge the gap between hatch and full-blown SUV with a sporty, Golf-sized offering. The T-Roc is the newest member of Volkswagen’s expanding SUV family. Or at least it’s about to be, rolling into Australian showrooms from the first quarter of 2020. While it might be new, the Volkswagen T-Roc in fact shares many similarities with the German brand’s long-standing Golf hatch. In this case, the Volkswagen T-Roc 140TSI 4Motion borrows a detuned version of the EA888 engine used on the Golf GTI. In high-

On face value, the Euro feel, driveline sophistication and equipment levels make the Volkswagen T-Roc a nice fit for urban dwellers and rural drivers alike, across a breadth of ages. Storage: You’ll be able to carry 445 litres of luggage in the VW T-Roc’s boot with all five seats in place. That’s enough space for a baby buggy and some soft bags or a few large suitcases. Thankfully, all VW T-Rocs come with two-way (60:40) split folding rear seats so you can carry up to three passengers at once and have some long luggage poking through from the boot. SE models and above also get a handy ski hatch so you can carry some long thin luggage and two passengers in the back seats simultaneously. With the back seats folded there’s enough room to carry a bike with its wheels attached and – with the adjustable boot floor in its raised position – there’s no annoying step to lift heavy luggage over. The back seats fold completely flat too, so you can slide large boxes right up behind the front seats with minimal effort. Summary

riding form it produces a formidable 140kW and 320Nm, sending drive to all four wheels via a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic. Volkswagen has confirmed three equipment grades -- Style, Sport and R-Line – along with unique interior designs and wheel sizes up to 19-inch Suzuka alloys, plus sports suspension, the option of adaptive dampers and Tumeric Yellow metallic paint with a contrasting black roof, as tested here. A 445-litre boot area (1290L in total) offers respectable space for days out, matched by interior ambient lighting, LED tail-lights and daytime running lights, selectable driving modes, auto tailgate, electric park brake and a range of driver aids. The de-tuned Golf GTI engine slots in comfortably to SUV duties, offering a meaty mid-range and a surprising briskness towards the top-end of the dial. Officially, expect a 0-100km/h acceleration in 7.2 seconds. Expect a five-year/unlimited-km warranty and the option of cappedprice servicing, the latter spaced across 12-month/15,000km intervals.

On the outside, its styling is inviting and appealing, taking cues from the current VW genealogy for a sense of familiarity, whilst bringing touches all of its own. But its proportions are perhaps the best part. Many small SUV’s tall and narrow stance appear awkward and unstable but not the T-Roc. It’s handsome with a planted posture. Volkswagen’s attention to interior detail, quality and ergonomics is excellent and worthy of repetition across the various model lines. The steering wheel is upholstered in fine leather, the central touch screen is not excessively proportioned and presented with sharp graphics. Up front, the driver’s seat is easily adjusted for a tall (leggy) driver and the view from the helm is very good. It’s also great to see the fully digital instrument cluster finally finding its way into the smaller and more affordable end of Volkswagen’s range after it was introduced in sibling brand Audi’s TT coupe, although this is likely to be an optional feature in all but the top-spec T-Roc. Yet to be finalised for Australia are the choice of engines; our test car was fitted with the 2.0-litre TSI turbo petrol which produces 140kW and 320Nm, and sends power through VW’s 4Motion all-wheel drive system and a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission. Overseas engines shown below:

The VW T-Roc comes with an 8-inch touchscreen as standard and all but entry-level cars come with smartphone mirroring for Apple and Android phones. You can even get it with a slick 10-inch digital screen in place of conventional analogue dials. It’s a shame, then, that the VW T-Roc’s cabin doesn’t feel quite as posh as all its fancy features would suggest. There are lots of hard, scratchy plastics and leather seats are an expensive optional extra, even in top-spec cars. Heartland Magazine | 53

History of the Outboard Motor The first known outboard motor was a small 5 kilogram (11 lb) electric unit designed around 1870 by Gustave Trouvé, and patented in May 1880 (Patent N° 136,560). Later about 25 petrol powered outboards may have been produced in 1896 by American Motors Co—but neither of these two pioneering efforts appear to have had much impact. The Waterman outboard engine appears to be the first gasoline-powered outboard offered for sale in significant numbers. Developed by Cameron Waterman, a young Yale Engineering student, it was developed from 1903, with a patent application filed in 1905 Starting in 1906, the company went on to make thousands of his “Porto-Motor” units, claiming 25,000 sales by 1914. The inboard boat motor firm of Caille Motor Company of Detroit were instrumental in making the cylinder and engines. The most successful early outboard motor, was created by NorwegianAmerican inventor Ole Evinrude in 1909. Between 1909 and 1912, Evinrude made thousands of his outboards and the three horse units were sold around the world. His Evinrude Outboard Co. was spun off to other owners, and he went on to success after starting the ELTO company to produce a two-cylinder motor - ELTO stood for Evinrude Light Twin Outboard. The 1920s were the first high-water mark for the outboard with Evinrude, Johnson, ELTO, Atwater Lockwood and dozens of other makers in the field. Historically, a majority of outboards have been two-stroke powerheads fitted with a carburetor due to the design’s inherent simplicity, reliability, low cost and light weight. Drawbacks include increased pollution, due to the high volume of unburned gasoline and oil in their exhaust, and louder noise. Four stroke outboards Although four stroke outboards have been sold since the late 1920s, particularly Roness and Sharland, in 1962 Homelite introduced a commercially viable four cycle outboard a 55-horsepower motor, based on the 4 cylinder Crosley automobile engine. This was called the Bearcat that was later purchased by Fischer-Pierce who are the makers of Boston

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Whaler for use in their boats because of their advantages over two strokes. In 1964, Honda Motor Co. introduced its first four-stroke powerhead. In 1984, Yamaha introduced their first four-stroke powerhead. These motors were only available in the smaller horsepower range. In 1990 Honda released 35 hp and 45 hp four-stroke models. They continued to lead in the development of four-stroke engines throughout the 1990s as US and European exhaust emissions regulations such as CARB (California Air Resources Board) led to the proliferation of four-stroke outboards. At first, North American manufacturers such as Mercury and OMC used engine technology from Japanese manufacturers such as Yamaha and Suzuki until they were able to develop their own four-stroke engine. The inherent advantages of four-stroke motors included: lower pollution (especially oil in the water), noise reduction, increase fuel economy, and increased low rpm torque. Honda Marine Group, Mercury Marine, Mercury Racing, Nissan Marine, Suzuki Marine, Tohatsu Outboards, Yamaha Marine, and China OshenHyfong marine have all developed new four-stroke engines. Some are carburetted, usually the smaller engines. The balance are electronically fuel-injected. Depending on the manufacturer, newer engines benefit from advanced technology such as multiple valves per cylinder, variable camshaft timing (Honda’s VTEC), boosted low end torque (Honda’s BLAST), 3-way cooling systems, and closed loop fuel injection. Mercury Verado four-strokes are unique in that they are supercharged. Mercury Marine, Mercury Racing, Tohatsu, Yamaha Marine, Nissan and Evinrude each developed computer-controlled direct-injected two-stroke engines. Each brand boasts a different method of DI. Fuel economy on both direct injected and four-stroke outboards measures from a 10 percent to 80 percent improvement, compared with conventional two-strokes. Depending on rpm and load at cruising speeds, figure on about a 30 percent mileage improvement. However, the gap between two-stroke and four-stroke outboard fuel economy is beginning to narrow. Two-stroke outboard motor manufacturers have recently introduced new technologies that help to improve two-stroke fuel economy.

2019 Kyogle Show Update Record numbers filled the Kyogle Showgrounds over the weekend of 27th & 28th September for the Annual Kyogle Show. The ticket sales were up over 90% more than last year!

Cattle - Ebanee Dawson - First Place Junior Parader under 13yrs - Ashleigh Dell - BEAR

which was under lights Friday night.

One of the oldest, largest and most popular events of Kyogle Town kicked off on the Friday morning with the Campdraft and Stockman’s Challenge events exceeding competitor numbers to previous years. The Campdraft drew in an impressive, supporting crowd for the final round

Saturday morning had significant numbers surrounding the cattle section – the junior classes particularly had a great turn out which was great to see. The popular heavy horse classes were parading in the main ring as well as many of the LED and ridden horse classes which always add a great atmosphere to the show day.

we’ve had in 110 years! With so much support from our sponsors, volunteers, members and patrons we were able to put on a fantastic evening full of entertainment. Our Demolition Derby stole everyone’s attention displaying such Poultry - Ellen Rosolen - Champion Softfeather Large dedication from the Breeding Pair - Douglas Grove President of Poultry Club community parading their prize-winning cars to the entire crowd which surrounded the entire main ring! Absolutely amazing efforts from everyone involved - we managed to put on a magnificent 2-day event during a severe drought that is affecting our whole region. Our heartfelt thanks go out to all of you that attended, supported and funded our annual show! Check out our Facebook page for our 110th Kyogle Show Photo Album and our website kyogleshow.com for our 2019 winners!

Secretary - Lauren Schottelius

A new addition this year was our ‘Kids Tent’ which had local wildlife warriors The Fauna Fetchers performing shows throughout the day which brought in crowds of children which absolutely loved it! Derby Entrance

Saturday night was unquestionably our most successful ticket sales

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A History of the New Year A move from March to January The celebration of the new year on January 1st is a relatively new phenomenon. The earliest recording of a new year celebration is believed to have been in Mesopotamia, c. 2000 B.C. and was celebrated around the time of the vernal equinox, in mid-March. A variety of other dates tied to the seasons were also used by various ancient cultures. The Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Persians began their new year with the fall equinox, and the Greeks celebrated it on the winter solstice. Early Roman Calendar: March 1st Rings in the New Year The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March. That the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months. September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were originally positioned as the seventh through tenth months (septem is Latin for “seven,” octo is “eight,” novem is “nine,” and decem is “ten.” January Joins the Calendar The first time the new year was celebrated on January 1st was in Rome in 153 B.C. (In fact, the month of January did not even exist until around 700 B.C., when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius, added the months of January and February.) The new year was moved from March to January because that was the beginning of the civil year, the month that the two newly elected Roman consuls—the highest officials in the Roman republic—began their one-year tenure. But this new year date was not always strictly and widely observed, and the new year was still sometimes celebrated on March 1. Julian Calendar: January 1st Officially Instituted as the New Year In 46 B.C. Julius Caesar introduced a new, solar-based calendar that was a vast improvement on the ancient Roman calendar, which was a lunar system that had become wildly inaccurate over the years. The Julian calendar decreed that the new year would occur with January 1, and within the Roman world, January 1 became the consistently observed start of the new year.

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Middle Ages: January 1st Abolished In medieval Europe, however, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year. At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter. Gregorian Calendar: January 1st Restored In 1582, the Gregorian calendar reform restored January 1 as new year’s day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was only gradually adopted among Protestant countries. The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire —and their American colonies— still celebrated the new year in March. New Years Eve January 1 represents the fresh start of a new year after a period of remembrance of the passing year, including on radio, television, and in newspapers, which starts in early December in countries around the world. Publications have year-end articles that review the changes during the previous year. In some cases publications may set their entire year work alight in hope that the smoke emitted from the flame brings new life to the company. There are also articles on planned or expected changes in the coming year.

This day is traditionally a religious feast, but since the 1900s has also become an occasion to celebrate the night of December 31, called New Year’s Eve. There are fireworks at midnight at the moment the new year arrives (a major one is in Sydney, Australia). Watchnight services are also still observed by many

DO YOU REMEMBER? Do you remember that small piece of wood with 2 attached strings hanging from some bar or limb overhead? Nobody teaches a child how to swing. Perhaps parents or siblings give a few pushes but then the rhythmic gentle leaning, pulling your legs to the sun and dropping them back underneath to make the swing rise even higher. You often felt the swingset itself rise and fall as if your swinging would tear it from the concrete footings but nothing mattered. You kept swinging. Do you remember being reckless and swinging side to side until you became entangled with a friend or with the swingset pole? Do you remember getting your swing as high as you possibly could before jumping off from several feet in the air? For decades, tree swings have been the primary joy of children when playing outside on long summer days. Not only can these swings be entertaining, but they can be leisurely as well. Tree swings come in all shapes and sizes, and not every swing has to be for rambunctious playing.

Tire swings are effortless to hang up, and an old-fashioned joy for kids to sit in and swing on! Not to mention they’re the most affordable swings on the market!

This tree swing may not be very comfortable, but it sure is a simple swing that can be easily constructed in a hurry. It’s perfect for kids who don’t mind a little rough play.

Australian family owned and operated for 25 years. Express delivery throughout the Northern Rivers Engine Oils, Agricultural Oils, Hydraulic Oils, Grease, Coolants and More

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FOREST WEED | WORLD’S FIRST AI CREATED CANNABIS ARTWORK

The Cannabis Company announces the launch of the world’s first painting created by computers. Melbourne’s The Cannabis Company and artist Tom White reveal the world’s first Cannabis painting created in the eye of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Painted on 100% Hemp Paper with eco-friendly water-based inks. This exclusive Australian artwork series is the first of its kind in the world. It identifies how computers imagine cannabis, AI has become a new gateway for the expression of art and now, our love of the beautiful cannabis plant. “We want to break bounds, go beyond the constraints of the four walls many are familiar with” states Marketing Assistant Christy Wachs. “The cannabis paintings show us how a machine, without any human interference, has interpreted over 1000 images of the wonderful plant and establishing how cannabis, perhaps even partly how the world, is observed by artificial intelligence.” These paintings are an expression of the new era in which the world is heading, and it started here in Australia. The artist Tom White further explains that “Humans have always carved out for computers how to navigate data and report it back to us, but for the first time, we allowed the machine to tell us what is right – What does cannabis actually look like in the eye of a computer?” Forest Weed Artwork The Forest Weed limited edition artwork was created by the incredibly talented Tom White using AI (Artificial Intelligence) and computer algorithms. Tom allowed the machine to develop its own unique and creative interpretation of cannabis-based on a collection of over 1000 photos of the plant. Only a finite number of paintings have been made, 60 small canvases in total, each in a limited-edition 58 | Heartland Magazine

series of 20. For the serious collector, there are four large stretched hemp canvases, and every painting is adorned with an original sample of the computer-generated cannabis abstractions. Yet, each piece is as exceptional as the next, created on 100% pure hemp paper using nontoxic and eco-friendly inks, sourced from the best Aussies around. The colour palette in each painting is custom blended to achieve the brilliance of the AI Cannabis representation. The artwork series explores a new world of reality that allows us to view what computers perceive comparable to humans. The Artist Tom White began his days as an artist in the classrooms of MIT majoring in Graphic Design and Computer Sciences. His artistic interests lie in visual abstraction created with and recognised by computer vision systems, simply put: How machines see the world. His fascination stems from his fondness of finding creative uses of computing, but also discovering how computers interpret our world in the absence of human intervention. The Forest Weed artwork’s composition of line and colour is carefully selected by neural networks identifying the most relevant representation of cannabis, a first of its kind. The art project was a 3 months process Tom undertook with AI algorithms that were also cross verified with Google’s recognition systems. Each painting is comprised of four layers of ink to achieve their own distinct palette with unique hand-mixed ink. The Materials The Cannabis artwork series is entirely made from products sourced from Australian businesses. The inks are water-based from Permaset, an Australian premium eco-friendly supplier of safe-for-drain inks that avoids toxic substances such as ozone-depleting chemicals: CFC’s and HCFC’s, aromatic hydrocarbons or any volatile solvents. The water-based inks do not contain PVC and phthalates, which are dangerous to the environment and are proven to cause medical issues. The canvas and paper stock is supplied from Hemp Gallery Australia, a sustainability-focused business of ethically sourced, organic and hemp-based products. The mother-daughter duo behind the company are firm believers in an environmentally sustainable future

that starts with hemp, and we couldn’t agree more. The material used to create the artworks are made from 100% hemp. The Idea The concept is a ground-breaking new series from The Cannabis Company and explores cannabis in a new realm, the first of its kind in the world. The artwork itself is a representation of a new and exciting art form that has captivated people globally and integrates a

used are universally understood by all AI systems. So, what defines cannabis? It’s the distinct colour, plant features such as leaves, but most notably the genus: Hemp. This cutting-edge method of creating art through AI and recognition via online computer systems introduces a brandnew concept to the world. The artwork series is an unspoiled creation that sits at the intersection of the art and tech world, and has now solidified its place as the very first of its kind, and will never be recreated again. That’s Why... ...each limited-edition canvas is made of pure 100% premium quality hemp canvas supplied by the Aussie mother-daughter owned company Hemp Gallery, who share many of the same values as The Cannabis Company - an environmentally sustainable future starts with hemp. The paints used are entirely water-based and from the Aussie premium ink supplier Permaset. They are behind some of the eco-friendliest inks around containing no PVC or phthalates.

powerful growing technology called AI (Artificial Intelligence). What initiated the project was our love for the cannabis plant and our mission to unite as many people with cannabis as imaginable. Art is a language which can be understood by anyone; unconstrained by the laws and rules of our modern world and subject to the freedom of creation. All humans possess emotions that can be evoked by various things, but what if a feeling is absent and the art is purely technological? How would a computer describe the plant without all the misconceptions and prejudice often found with cannabis? What would cannabis look like from an impartial perspective? In an attempt to understand the raw code behind machine learning, our artwork series examines a new world of reality, where we can now view what computers see comparably to humans. The incredibly sophisticated AI technology created only a finite number of abstractions of the cannabis plant. It cannot be repeated again, making these paintings genuinely iconic.

Tom’s artistic abilities allowed for each painting to have its own distinct colour palettes through creating his own custom mixed colours and applying four layers of ink to achieve the unique colour scheme the AI system developed. Tailoring every canvas to illustrate its utmost form of rarity. Each canvas is adorned with an original painting from the AI system, hand painted making each painting unique and 100% Aussie based. Tom’s artistic abilities allowed for the paintings to have their own distinct palette through creating his own custom mixed colours and applying four layers of ink to achieve the unique colour scheme the AI system developed. Tailoring every canvas to illustrate its utmost form of rarity. Cannabis Artwork – Exclusive Range Details The cannabis artwork is comprised of three different prints on pure hemp paper (297x420mm) each in a limited edition of 20 and 4 large stretched hemp canvases (594x841mm). It’s limited to one-release and will not be subject to any re-prints ever. Free shipping is available worldwide and the artwork will be sent flat packed via registered post. For more information go to: https://cannabiscompany.com.au/ products/forest-weed-worlds-first-ai-creation-of-cannabis

The Technology Tom White endured three months of collecting photos and developing algorithms that would define the process and ultimately lay down the creative abstractive imagery of cannabis. His interests have always existed within the realms of visual abstraction created with and recognised by computer vision systems. Tom is pioneering an art form that leads us on an original exploration of artistry and cannabis humans have yet to conceptualise. Tom derived the electric fan painting by using the same technique as with the cannabis artwork, visually abstracting an electric fan through the lens of AI. Just as painter Renè Magritte once challenged the idea of what reality is with the painting “This is not a pipe”, the cannabis artwork also alludes to what an alternate reality may look like. The Scientific/Creative approach The Cannabis Company couldn’t envision a more electric outcome working with Tom. This revolutionising artwork, even though abstract, is clearly identifiable as to what it is – for both computers and humans. Recognisable worldwide by third-party recognition systems such as Google’s Vision AI, these systems can identify the concepts of the abstractive painting and decide that the algorithms Heartland Magazine | 59

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Traditional Christmas Pudding Recipe & Chocolate Pepperment Bark

moist steamed Christmas pudding filled with sweet fruit flavours and a hint of brandy. 0:45 Prep 5:45 Cook 12 Servings

Ingredients • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Melted butter, to grease 375g dried mixed fruit 75g glace cherries, quartered 75g dried figs, chopped 75g dried pears, chopped 75g dried cranberries 75g pitted dried dates, chopped 2 tablespoons finely grated orange rind 1 cup (250ml) orange juice 1/3 cup (80ml) brandy 1 cup (150g) plain flour 1 cup (150g) self-raising flour 1 teaspoon bicarbonate of soda 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon 1 teaspoon mixed spice 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg 250g Western Star Chef ’s Choice Unsalted butter, melted, cooled 1 cup (220g) firmly packed brown sugar 3 eggs, lightly whisked Custard, ice-cream, or brandy butter, to serve

Method Step 1 Brush an 8 cup (2 litre) pudding basin with melted butter to grease. Line the base with rounds of baking paper. Step 2 Combine the dried fruit, cherries, figs, pears, cranberries, dates, orange rind and juice in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Cook, stirring, for 10 minutes, or until fruits soften. Remove from heat and set aside for 30 minutes to cool. Add the brandy and stir to combine. Step 3 Sift combined flours, bicarbonate of soda, cinnamon, mixed spice and nutmeg into a large bowl. Add fruit mixture, butter, brown sugar and eggs and stir until well combined. Gently spoon mixture into prepared pudding steamer, smooth top, and secure the lid. Step 4 Place pudding basin into a large saucepan. Pour in enough boiling water to combine halfway up the side of the pan. Place over medium heat and bring to the boil. Cook, covered, topping up with extra boiling water if necessary, for 5 hours 30 minutes or until a skewer inserted into the centre of the pudding comes out clean. Step 5 Remove steamer from saucepan, and set aside for 10 minutes before turning onto a serving plate. Serve immediately with custard, icecream or brandy butter, if desired.

ummy Chocolate Peppermint Bark for a special treat this Christmas. Peppermint Bark 1:45 Prep 0:15 Cook 20 Servings

Ingredients • • • • •

125g peppermint candy canes 450g good-quality white chocolate, finely chopped 2/3 cup thickened cream 250g dark chocolate (60% cacao), finely chopped 1/2 teaspoon peppermint extract

Method Step 1 Cover a baking sheet with foil or parchment paper. Step 2 Using a Bump and Grind or another mortar and pestle, crush the candy canes, allowing some of the candy to become finely ground and some to remain in small pieces. Step 3 To form the first layer of white chocolate: In a medium bowl, place the white chocolate. Set the bowl over a saucepan of barely simmering water, but do not allow the bottom of the bowl to touch the water. Using a silicone spatula, stir the white chocolate constantly just until the chocolate has melted and becomes smooth, and is just warm, not hot. Do not allow any moisture to get into the bowl of chocolate, or it will clump. Step 4 Using an offset palette knife, spread half of the melted white chocolate over the foil to form a 30x25cm rectangle. Sprinkle 2 tablespoons of the crushed candy canes evenly over the white chocolate. Refrigerate for about 20 minutes, or until set. Step 5 To make the dark chocolate ganache layer: In a small heavy saucepan, bring the cream to a near simmer over medium heat. Remove the saucepan from the heat. Stir in the dark chocolate and peppermint extract. Cover and set aside for 5 minutes, or until the chocolate has melted. Whisk the mixture just until blended. Using an offset palette knife, spread the warm dark chocolate mixture over the white chocolate rectangle to cover it completely. Refrigerate for about 45 minutes, or until firm. Step 6 To form the second layer of white chocolate: Reheat the remaining white chocolate in the bowl set over hot water just until it is fluid again but still thick. Drizzle the white chocolate over the cold dark chocolate layer and quickly spread to cover. Sprinkle the remaining crushed peppermints evenly over the white chocolate. Refrigerate for about 25 minutes, or until firm. Step 7 To finish and serve: Remove the bark from the foil or parchment paper. Break the bark into bite-size pieces. Arrange the bark pieces between sheets of parchment paper and store in an airtight container. Keep refrigerated until serving. For this recipe you will need a mortar and pestle, and a palette knife.

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THIS MONTH IN HISTORY December 14 1840 - Governor Gipps appoints the first Government Printer. December 15 1810 - Governor Lachlan Macquarie introduces a building code into the New South Wales colony. 2014 - Sydney, Australia, is gripped by a siege that lasts almost 17 hours and leaves three dead. December 16 1824 - Hume and Hovell mistakenly arrive at Corio Bay, instead of Westernport Bay. 1845 - Thomas Mitchell departs Orange, New South Wales, in search of a great river flowing to the Gulf of Carpentaria. 1860 - Burke makes the fateful decision to push on to the Gulf from Cooper Creek, despite waterless country and searing summer heat. December 17 1845 - After a gruelling journey of 4827km, Leichhardt reaches Port Essington in Australia’s north 1918 - Protestors march on Government House in the Northern Territory in an event later described as the Darwin Rebellion. 1967 - Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt goes missing whilst swimming at Portsea, Victoria. December 18 1894 - Women in South Australia unofficially gain the right to vote. December 19 1865 - Chinese bushranger Sam Poo is hanged in Bathurst, Australia. 1964 - The newly-built town of Jindabyne, relocated for the building of the Snowy Mountain Hydro-electric scheme, is opened. December 20 1894 - Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, is born. 1922 - Geoff “Tangletongue” Mack, who wrote the iconic Australian song “I’ve Been Everywhere”, is born. December 21 1837 - Eyre attempts the first overlanding venture from Sydney to South Australia. 1817 - Governor Macquarie recommends the use of the name ‘Australia’ instead of New Holland for the continent. 1894 - The South Australian government becomes one of the first in the world to grant women the right to vote. December 22 1817 - Phillip Parker King sets off to map the northern coast of Australia uncharted by Flinders. 1845 - Land for the first gold mine in Australia is purchased. 1989 - A bus crash in Kempsey, New South Wales, kills 35 people. December 23 1893 - The South Australian Parliament gives assent to the Act which supports the founding of communal settlements, or village settlements, most of which are built along the Murray River. 1906 - Australian invention, the surf lifesaving reel, is demonstrated for the first time. December 24 1798 - Flinders and Bass become the first Europeans to anchor in the Derwent River, Van Diemen’s Land. 1836 - Colonel William Light enthusiastically approves the site for Adelaide. 1875 - A cyclone hits Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia, killing 59. 1938 - Australia hosts the first ever Carols by Candlelight. December 25 1826 - British occupation of Western Australia begins. 1859 - The rabbits responsible for Australia’s current rabbit plague are introduced. 1974 - Cyclone Tracy leaves Darwin, in Australia’s Northern Territory, in tatters. 2001 - Bushfires that will continue for three weeks begin in Sydney. 2008 - An Australian is reported to have been arrested for trying to smuggle animal mummies out of Egypt. December 26 1945 - The first Sydney to Hobart yacht race is held. 1947 - The territory of Heard and McDonald Islands is transferred from Britain to Australia. December 27 1803 - Convict William Buckley escapes, spawning the Australian phrase “Buckley’s chance”. December 28 1836 - The Proclamation announcing the creation of the colony of South Australia is read by its first Governor. 1850 - Henry Parkes establishes the ‘Empire’ newspaper, later giving rise to his prominent political career, 1989 - Thirteen are killed as Newcastle, New South Wales, is hit by an earthquake.

December 29 1998 - Six die as fierce storms batter Australia’s annual Sydney to Hobart yacht race. December 30 1998 - One of a set of stegosaurus prints stolen from a sacred Aboriginal site near Broome is recovered. December 31 1790 - Enough barley is harvested in the penal colony of New South Wales to alleviate impending starvation. 1914 - The second convoy of AIF troops departs Albany, Western Australia, to fight in World War I. 1964 - Donald Campbell breaks the world water speed record. January 1 1856 - The name change from ‘Van Diemen’s Land’ to ‘Tasmania’ comes into effect. 1864 - The Queensland Police Force is inaugurated. 1866 - The first Queensland route of famous coach company, Cobb & Co, is established. 1901 - The Commonwealth of Australia is proclaimed. 1908 - The Australian Bureau of Meteorology is founded. 1911 - The Commonwealth of Australia takes over control of the Northern Territory from South Australia. 1915 - Four Australians are killed when two Turks attack a picnic train near Broken Hill. January 2 1822 - A penal settlement is established at Macquarie Harbour on the remote west coast of Van Diemen’s Land. 1955 - South Australia’s Vice-Regal Summer Residence, Marble Hill, is destroyed by bushfires. January 3 1870 - Western Australia adopts its first state flag. 1907 - A young Charles Kingsford-Smith becomes the first person to be rescued using a new Australian invention, the surf lifesaving reel. January 4 1688 - English sea explorer William Dampier first lands on Australian soil. 1810 - Governor Lachlan Macquarie takes strong action to restore order following the deposition of Governor Bligh in the Rum Rebellion. January 5 1778 - George Evans, explorer in the early New South Wales colony, is born. 1819 - English judge John Thomas Bigge is dispatched to inquire into Macquarie’s administration in the New South Wales. 1891 - Australia’s great shearers’ strike, which led to the formation of the Labor Party in Australia, begins. 1975 - The Tasman Bridge in Hobart, Australia, is struck by bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra, killing 12. January 6 1912 - Australia’s first aircraft crash occurs. January 7 1965 - The first hydrofoil ferry, the MV Manly, begins operating in Sydney Harbour. 1983 - Hans Tholstrup completes the first solar-powered crossing of Australia. January 8 1804 - The first recorded cricket match takes place in the New South Wales colony. 1814 - George Evans advocates building a road over the Blue Mountains, to follow in the tracks of Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth. 1931 - The largest Australian gold nugget of the twentieth century is found in Kalgoorlie. January 9

1868 - The last ship to transport convicts to Western Australia docks at Fremantle. 2013 - A dust storm off Onslow, in the northwest of Australia, creates what looks like a huge red ocean wave. January 10 1852 - South Australia’s first lighthouse begins operation. 1968 - John Gorton is sworn in as Australian Prime Minister following the disappearance of Harold Holt. January 11 1843 - The man who built Fremantle Harbour and who brought water to the Western Australian goldfields, CY O’Connor, is born January 12 2005 - Nine die in a devastating bushfire on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. January 13 1939 - 71 people die in Victoria in bushfires on ‘Black Friday’.

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Ballarat is a major rural centre with a population of more than 100,000 which makes it Victoria’s largest inland city. Only Melbourne and Geelong have more people. Ballarat is hugely impressive and has an air of stateliness and grandeur as a result of its elegant wide thoroughfares; its Victorian and Edwardian heritage buildings, tree-lined avenues, parks, gardens and statuary (there are 25 statues and monuments on Sturt Street); and its substantial educational institutions. Historically it was created as one of the great Victorian centres of gold mining and prospecting. Today it is driven by a combination of tourism, retail, manufacturing and community services. The city’s most important event, a defining moment in Australian history, was the Eureka Stockade rebellion in December, 1854 when miners rose up and fought the local authorities. It is celebrated throughout the city and particularly in the city’s major tourist attraction, Sovereign Hill. There is so much to see and experience at Ballarat that visitors need to spend two to three days ... and even then they will feel there is still much more to enjoy at the nearby towns of Buninyong, Clunes, Smythesdale and Daylesford. Ballarat, which is 441 metres above sea level, is located 115 km west of Melbourne and 970 km south west of Sydney. The origin of the name It is claimed that the local Aborigines, the Wathawurung people, called the district ‘Balla-arat’ which meant ‘a good resting place’. Heritage Buildings The city is so rich in historic buildings that it is hard to see all the impressive structures - symbols of the wealth created by gold - that there are three heritage walking trails through the city exploring its mining past. The trails are along Sturt Street, Lydiard Street and Camp Street and deserve to be enjoyed by taking very leisurely strolls. There is a useful brochure, available at the Visitor Centre, titled Ballarat’s Historic Streetscapes. In total it lists 35 places of historic interest on the Lydiard Street Walking Trail and 25 places on the Central Ballarat Walking Trail which combines Sturt Street with Camp Street. The entries here at Aussie Towns (all 60 of them) are much more detailed than the map and combine information collected from a variety of sources including the old, but hugely useful, Ballarat Heritage Walking Trails. Walk and explore this wonderland of buildings - all

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symbols of the wealth created by an excess of gold. Sturt Street and Camp Street Sturt Street is the city’s main street. It is six lanes wide with an elegant median strip characterised by numerous statues and monuments. The section between Grenville Street and Pleasant Street is a wonderland of gracious Victorian and Edwardian buildings which bear witness to the wealth of the city during its goldrush heyday. Former Sutton’s Music Store Located at 31 Sturt Street, was built in 1891. Today it stands as an impressive the three storey structure. It was the tallest commercial building, standing twentytwo metres, when it was built. Richard Henry Sutton’s started his music business in a tent on Bakery Hill in 1854. “When the building was completed the ground floor featured five German-made decorative stained glass panels. Each one had an image of a celebrated musician. Today only one, Mozart, can be seen just above the veranda. Richard’s son, Henry Sutton (1856 – 1912), who was born in Ballarat, worked in his father’s music business but became a noted inventor. His inventions included an experimental ornithopter (c.1870), driven by clockwork, which could fly in a circumference of twelve feet (3.7 m) and from left to right and upwards at any desired angle. In later years Henry built a hydraulic lift for his father’s music store and invented more than twenty kinds of telephones.” Pioneer Miner’s Monument Located on the corner of Sturt and Albert Street, the impressive Pioneer Miner’s Monument (sometimes referred to as the Gold Monument) was dedicated in 1951 - a century after gold was first discovered - and lists, in great detail, the richest alluvial and quartz mines and the largest nuggets. It is fun to notice, for example, that a total of over 20 million ounces were dug up in the district and that the Welcome nugget weighed in at 2,217 ounces. Ballaarat Mechanics Institute Located at 117-119 Stuart Street and open 10.00 am - 4.00 pm Monday to Friday and 9.30 am - noon on Saturday, the Ballaarat Mechanics Institute was established in 1859 in a Reading Room at the local Fire Brigade. The website (https://ballaratmi.org. au) records: “On Friday, September 28, 1860 the foundation stone of the back section of the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute was laid with full Masonic honours in front of a crowd, estimated by the Ballarat Star, as numbering 10,000. This first part of the

Ballarat building consisted of a reading room, library, lecture room and two classrooms on the ground floor and a large hall on the first floor, capable of seating 1200 people. Charles Boykett was the architect. The cost of the building was reported to be around £3400 and the Committee of the day took some time to pay off the debt. The lecture hall on the first floor was not finally completed until 1864. By 1868 the Institute was running out of space, so the Committee boldly decided to erect the existing, grand three-storey frontage to Sturt Street. The design of architect J.H. Jones, of Ballarat, was chosen in mid 1868 and the front section was completed in July 1869 at an approximate cost of £6000. Difficulties with the foundations, the architect and the contractors caused a substantial overrun in cost.” Her Majesty’s Theatre (1875) Located at 17 Lydiard Street, Her Majesty’s Theatre opened as the Academy of Music in 1875. It cost £13,000 and was built to a design by the architect, George ‘Diamond’ Browne. It is Australia’s oldest continuously operating purpose-built theatre and has been known as Her Majesty’s since 1898. Today, concerts and live shows are still held on the stage where Dame Nellie Melba once performed. The theatre has been owned by the City of Ballarat since 1987. The theatre website is https://hermaj.com/ and it has box office information. The Victorian Heritage Database notes “it is the most substantially intact of our remaining 19th century theatres, which include the Theatre Royal in Hobart, the Princess in Melbourne and Her Majesty’s in Brisbane ... the Ballarat theatre has special importance for its unique interior. Its double horse-shoe shaped balconies supported on columns, added from the designs of the notable architect William Pitt in 1898, are the last example of this type of theatre design in the State.” Mining Exchange Located at 8-14 Lydiard Street North, and clearly marked “Mining Exchange”, this classical building with wide elliptical entrance was erected between 1887-1889. The Victorian Heritage Database explains: “ It was designed by the local architect Charles Figgis, and replaced an earlier stock exchange established at the corner of Sturt and Lydiard Streets. As early as 1857, the buying and selling of shares took place as a result of the formation of mining companies, necessary to finance the costly deep sinking of mines ... The Mining Exchange building comprises a two storey block of shops at the front and a large single storey exchange hall at the rear. A central entrance in the symmetrical front facade leads to the main exchange hall, which is itself flanked internally by arcaded brokers’ booths with arched clerestorey windows above, and a call room at the rear. The bull nose, corrugated iron roof of the main hall is supported on light trusses, principally formed of tension rods. Internally a bow fronted balcony projects above the entrance, set within an open elliptical archway with matching archways either side. Designed in the typical classical ‘boom’ style of the late 1880s, the facade of this dark brick building utilises render to provide contrast. Shops are paired either side of a central wide elliptical entrance and prominent rusticated arches dominate the facade at street level. At first floor level, modified

Palladian motifs form openings with emphasis placed on that of the central bay. A pedimented window and pediment placed centrally in the balustraded parapet above further emphasise the central bay.” It is lined with 40 offices that were once bustling with share brokers and mining agents selling shares in goldmines. The Mining Exchange recorded 98 members when it opened and when gold mining declined, the elaborate building was used as a garage, bus depot and craft market. Gold Museum Located in Bradshaw Street, opposite Sovereign Hill, the Gold Museum has been operating since 1978. It contains around 150,000 items in a significant series of collections including: * Jessica and Paul Simon Collection - which displays over 900 gold coins (ducats, denarii, doubloons etc), nuggets and alluvial samples (garnered from local creeks) and a display examining the history of gold in relation to Ballarat. * Ballarat Historical Society Collection - over 20,000 photographs, 5,000 books and documents and 2,000 artefacts all relating to the history of Ballarat. * Arnott-Rogers Collection - a collection of Chinese decorative arts and textiles which were collected in China around 1900. * Costume Collection - costumes from 1790 to today ranging from domestic through military, industrial and ceremonial. * Eureka Collection - documents and artefacts relating to the Eureka Stockade. The collections are housed in an attractive, glass fronted modern building. It is open daily from 9.30 am to 5.30 pm . Eureka Centre Located at 102 Stawell Street, the Eureka Centre is a striking building, set amidst fine lawns and gardens of the Eureka Stockade Memorial Gardens which include a huge Eureka Flag on a 50 metre mast. It has been erected at the site of the 1854 Eureka Stockade Rebellion and its galleries illustrate the Eureka story. Its most important exhibit is the Eureka Flag - the flag of the Southern Cross. There is a cafe and gift shop. It is open 10.00 am to 5.00 pm. The local fields yielded some £230 million worth of gold which, between 1851 and 1960, amounted to 27% of the state’s total production. These are a few of the highlights of Ballarat, below is a bit of the history of the town, we will in future editions of Heartland bring you more about the History of Ballarat.

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LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - GARLIC ROSEMARY PORK CHOPS READY IN: 30mins

SERVES 4

Garlic Rosemary Pork Chops INGREDIENTS 4

bone in pork chops, 3/4 to 1 in thick salt and pepper to taste 1 tablespoon vegetable oil 6 garlic cloves, sliced thin 1 cup reduced-sodium chicken broth 1 sprig fresh rosemary 1⁄2 teaspoon minced rosemary 1 teaspoon red wine vinegar 2 tablespoons unsalted butter Pears optional DIRECTIONS Pat pork chops dry and season with salt and pepper. Heat oil in large skillet over med-high heat until just smoking. Cook chops until well brwned and meat registers 145 degrees (290 F), (about 5 min per side). Transfer to platter and cover with foil. Add garlic to empty skillet and cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add broth and rosemary sprig and simmer, scraping any browned bits up with wooden spoon until reduced by half. (5 min) Discard rosemary sprig, add any accumulated pork juices back to pan and whisk in minced rosemary, vinear, and butter. Pour sauce over chops. Cooks note: If you’re in a time or ingredient pinch, replace the rosemary and garlic in the marinade with 1 tablespoon of pesto. Side ideas: Meaty pork chops feel more like a well-rounded dinner when they are paired with a green vegetable — maybe that’s something cooked like roasted Brussels sprouts or sauteéd spinach, or nothing but a crisp salad. Any of these sides will balance out the plate. Try this: Sour Cream Smashed Potatoes with Fried Shallots Ingredients 1.3 kilos fingerling or other small potatoes, scrubbed and cut into 1-inch chunksSalt 2 tablespoons canola oil 2 medium shallots, thinly sliced into half-moons 3/4 cup whole milk 2 tablespoons unsalted butter 1/4 cup full-fat sour cream Freshly ground black pepper Instructions 1.

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Place the potatoes into a large pot and add enough cold water to cover by about 2 inches. Add 2 teaspoons salt, cover tightly with a lid, and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to low and simmer partially covered until the potatoes can be easily pierced with a fork, about 20 minutes. Meanwhile, heat the oil in a medium skillet over medium heat until shimmering. Add the shallots and fry until dark caramel brown, about 4 minutes; set aside. Combine the milk and butter in a small saucepan and warm over low heat until the butter is melted; set aside. Drain the potatoes and transfer back to the pot. Lightly mash with a potato masher to break them up. Add the milk-butter mixture and sour cream. Continue mashing until everything comes together but some lumps of potato remain. Stir in the shallots with their oil and season to taste with salt and pepper. Serve immediately.

LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - TASTY APPLE CRUMBLE PREP TIME 0:30 COOKING TIME 0:25

SERVES 4

A warm apple crumble dessert layered with rich smooth ice cream is the ultimate dessert after your Pork dinner. Tasty Apple Crumble INGREDIENTS 120g plain flour 100g (1/2 cup, firmly packed) brown sugar 50g (1/2 cup) rolled oats 100g chilled butter, chopped 60g (1/2 cup) chopped walnuts 1 x 800g can pie apple Icing sugar, for dusting Vanilla ice-cream, to serve Method Step 1 Preheat oven to 180C. Combine the flour, sugar, butter and oats in a bowl. Step 2 Use your fingertips to rub the butter into the flour mixture until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs. Stir in the walnuts. Step 3 Spoon the apple into a 1.5L (6-cup) capacity ovenproof dish. Scatter the walnut mixture evenly over the apples. Bake in oven for 20-25 minutes or until golden. Dust with icing sugar. Spoon the apple crumble into serving bowls. Serve with ice-cream. Try this: Variation: Have fun experimenting with different ingredients in your Apple Crumble. Try these ideas: Add frozen blueberries or raspberries to the apple; replace the apple with fresh in-season fruits or drained canned fruits; or try using different nuts, such as pecans or hazelnuts, in the crumble. Still snacking later in the night? Healthy Gooey Chocolate Brownies Ingredients ½ cup dark chocolate melts 1/3 cup honey 50 g dates Soaked in hot water for 15minutes 1 tbsp coconut oil ½ avocado 1 banana 1 cup self raising wholemeal flour Instructions Set oven to 180 degrees and line a tin with baking paper Gently melt chocolate, honey and coconut oil in a pan and set aside to slightly cool In the meantime blend together the avocado, banana and dates until smooth Pour the slightly cooled chocolate mix into the banana mix and stir together Add the flour and stir until combined Pour into prepared tin and bake for approx. 20 minutes or until a skewer comes out mostly clean Allow to cool then cut into 12 squares – enjoy!

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NATURAL PRODUCTS - FOODS FOR STOMACH HEALTH

Stomach Food - 15 Foods For Good Tummy Health Confused about what to eat and what not to eat, especially during the Christmas season? With so much information online about healthy eating, it can be tricky to be sure about what’s best for a healthy tummy. 1. Yoghurt Live yoghurt is an excellent source of so-called friendly bacteria, also known as probiotics. Look out for sugar-free, full-fat versions and add your own fruit for a tasty breakfast. 2. Kefir This probiotic yoghurt drink is made by fermenting milk and is packed with good bacteria. It originated in the mountainous region between Asia and Europe, as well as Russia and Central Asia. It also makes a great addition to smoothies and soups, or you can use it as a base for salad dressing (add lemon juice and seasoning). 3. Miso Miso is made from fermented soya beans, plus barley or rice, and contains a range of goodies such as helpful bacteria and enzymes. A savoury paste used in dips, dressings and soup, it can also be used as a marinade for salmon or tofu. It’s a staple of Japanese cooking and suitable if you’re avoiding dairy.

unhealthy bacteria such as H pylori. Stir-fry with garlic and bacon for a delicious side dish. 12. Bananas One of nature’s handiest and healthiest snacks, bananas are full of the kind of fibre that good bacteria enjoy. They also contain healthy minerals. 13. Roquefort cheese Live, runny, smelly French cheese will give your gut bacteria a boost – but eat it in moderation. Add it to salads or spread it on your sourdough. 14. Garlic Garlic, with its antibacterial and antifungal properties, can help keep “bad” gut bacteria under control and help balance yeast in the gut. Use it as a flavouring for savoury dishes. 15. Ginger Fresh ginger can help in the production of stomach acid and it stimulates the digestive system to keep food moving through the gut. Add fresh grated ginger to soups, stews, smoothies or stir-fries. Pour boiling water on grated ginger to make refreshing ginger tea.

4. Sauerkraut This is finely chopped cabbage that has been fermented. This great source of probiotics, fibre and vitamins is best known as a German dish, but versions exist in Eastern and Central Europe. Choose a product that has not been pickled in vinegar, as that doesn’t have the same benefits. It’s delicious served with sausages. 5. Kimchi This Korean speciality of fermented vegetables brings the benefits of probiotic bacteria along with vitamins and fibre. Use it as a lively side dish with meat, salad or eggs. It’s so popular that Koreans say “kimchi” in the same way that we say “cheese” when they have their photos taken. 6. Sourdough This is very fashionable at the moment, but there’s a good reason for that. Made by fermenting the dough, it’s more digestible than regular bread and its energy releases slowly. It makes fantastic toast too. 7. Almonds These have good probiotic properties, which means they are a treat for your gut bacteria – high in fibre, and full of fatty acids and polyphenols. A handful of almonds makes an excellent snack when you’re feeling peckish. 8. Olive oil Gut bacteria and microbes like a diet of fatty acids and polyphenols. These are found in olive oil. Studies have shown that it helps reduce gut inflammation. Use it for salad dressing or drizzle it over cooked vegetables. 9. Kombucha We all know water is crucial for gut health, but what else can you drink? Kombucha is a fermented tea drink thought to have originated in Manchuria that is full of probiotic good bacteria. It has a sharp, vinegary taste and can be used as a refreshing drink on its own or mixed with fruit and spices. It also makes the base for great cocktails. 10. Peas Gut bacteria need fibre to flourish, so the more fruit and vegetables you consume the better. Peas are full of soluble and insoluble fibre to help keep your system in balance. Add peas to stir-fries, soups or salads. 11. Brussels sprouts Much more than a festive staple, they contain the kinds of fibre that good bacteria like and sulphur compounds which help combat 68 | Heartland Magazine

The food listed are a recommendation only. Consult your doctor if you have any health problems first.

11 beauty tips you must follow this summer

Now that we are getting to experience the real summer heat, it is important to have a proper skin care and beauty regime that not only takes care of your skin but also helps you look good in the harsh weather. We tend to overlook the obvious and ignore the needs of our body and especially our face and hair. Here are 10 beauty tips you must follow during the summer, to beat the heat: 1. Sunscreen A sunscreen is a must-have in your handbag in summer. Check the SPF to suit the summer sun in your city. Apply the sunscreen at least 30 minutes before you step out so that it has time to soak into your skin and protect your skin from being tanned. 2. Protective Hair Mask The strong summer sun can also harm your hair. The hot and humid conditions can cause your scalp to sweat profusely. Shampooing daily can be harmful and hence, the best way to protect your hair is to use a protective hair mask at least once a week. 3. Hair Spray Along with a protective hair mask, you should also invest in a hairspray. Hair tends to become frizzy and unruly in summer and the best way to keep them fresh and shiny is to use a hairspray. 4. Nourishing Toner

Maintain the pH balance of your skin with a glycerine-rich facial water. This will nourish your skin and keep it soft and supple. 5. Cleanser A face wash is a handy thing to keep in your bag. The cleanse will help you to remove all the dirt and grime. 6. Lip Balm with SPF It is very common to have chapped and dry lips in summer. This is because the lips are the thinnest and tend to get dry easily. Make it a point to carry alip balm and apply it before you head out. 7. Anti-tanning creams In summer, each time you step out, you can actually get tanned. If you’re wearing shorts or dresses this summer, make sure to use antitanning cream later. This will ensure that your skin recovers. 8. Scrubs It is common to sweat in summer. Also, the summer dust and environmental damage can make your skin dull. Use a suitable scrub to cleanse your body of the dirt and grime.

10. Moisturizing mask Invest in a good moisturising facial once a week. It will help to nourish dry skin and also keep it healthy. 11: Water Hot or cold, a glass of water can act as a fix in most situations, a fact we tend to forget or ignore most of the time. Even if you are sitting chained to your desk in an air-conditioned room or using the washroom to relieve yourself just three times a day, you’re still losing water every hour. We lose copious amounts of water from our body all throughout the day, either by passing urine or through perspiration; and it happens to us all. Water is essential to our body and to our beauty as well, the elixir of life. Water is the key to enhancing your beauty and to prolonging your youthful look. Consuming an adequate amount of water everyday gives you fresh, soft and glowing skin. It helps maintain the optimal body temperature, keeping the skin moist. It hydrates and replenishes the skin tissues leading to an increase in the skin’s elasticity. This helps delay the signs of ageing such as wrinkles, dark circles or fine lines.

9. Deodorant You should also keep a deodorant in your bag. Keep yourself fresh and cool by spraying it throughout the day.

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Mister Ed was an American television sitcom producuction that originally aired in syndication from January 5 to July 2, 1961, and then on CBS from October 1, 1961 to February 6, 1966. The show’s title character – a talking horse – originally appeared in short stories by Walter R. Brooks. Mister Ed is one of the few series to debut in syndication and be picked up by a major network for prime time. All 143 episodes were filmed in black and white. In the beginning The Mister Ed show concept was derived from a series of short stories by children’s author Walter R. Brooks, which began with The Talking Horse in the September 18, 1937, issue of Liberty magazine. Brooks is otherwise best known for the Freddy the Pig series of children’s novels, which likewise featured talking animals that interact with humans. Sonia Chernus, secretary to director Arthur Lubin, introduced Lubin to the Brooks stories and is credited with developing the concept for television. The show’s concept resembles that of the Francis the Talking Mule movies in which an equine title character talks, but only to one person, thus causing a variety of opportunities and frustrations. The first six Francis films (1950–55) were also directed by Lubin. Lubin wanted to make a Francis television series but had been unable to secure the rights. However, upon hearing of Brooks’ series of stories, he optioned them for television. Comedian George Burns financed the original pilot for Mister Ed, which was shot at his McCadden Studio in Hollywood at a cost of $70,000. Scott McKay played Wilbur. Jack Benny was also involved behind the scenes. Unable to sell the show to a network, Lubin decided to sell the show into syndication first. He managed to get single-sponsor identification for the program on over 100 stations. The show was recast with Alan Young in the lead. Production began in November 1960, although Lubin did not direct early episodes because he was working in Europe on a film. The first 26 episodes were received well enough for the show to be picked up by CBS. Briefly The show in effect had two leads operating as a comedy team. The title role of Mister Ed, a talking palomino, was played by gelding Bamboo Harvester and voiced by former Western film actor Allan 70 | Heartland Magazine

HALL OF FAME - MISTER ED

Lane. The role of Ed’s owner, a genial but somewhat klutzy architect named Wilbur Post, was played by Alan Young. The Posts resided at 17230 Valley Spring Road in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. Many of the program’s gags follow from Mister Ed’s tendency to talk only to Wilbur, his skills as a troublemaker, and his precociously human-like behaviour that far exceeds anything those around Wilbur expect of a horse. A running gag is other characters hearing Wilbur talking to Ed and asking to whom he is talking. Another running gag centers on Wilbur being accident-prone and inadvertently causing harm to himself and others. According to Lubin, Young was chosen for the lead role because he “just seemed like the sort of guy a horse would talk to”. Mister Ed’s ability to talk was never explained, and rarely contemplated on the show. In the first episode, when Wilbur expresses an inability to understand the situation, Mister Ed offers the show’s only remark on the subject: “Don’t try. It’s bigger than both of us!” Mister Ed’s Death There are conflicting stories involving of the death of Bamboo Harvester, the horse that played Mister Ed. Alan Young said that he had frequently visited Harvester in retirement. He states that the horse died inadvertently from a tranquilliser, administered while he was in a stable on Sparks Street in Burbank, California, where he lived with his trainer Lester Hilton. Young says Hilton was out of town visiting relatives, and a temporary caregiver might have seen Bamboo Harvester rolling on the ground, struggling to get up. Young said Harvester was a heavy horse, and he was not always strong enough to get back on his feet without struggling. He suggests that the caregiver thought the horse was in distress, administered a tranquilliser and, for unknown reasons, the horse died within hours. The remains were cremated and scattered by Hilton in the Los Angeles area at a spot known only to him. Theme song The theme song, titled “Mister Ed”, was written by the songwriting team of Jay Livingston and Ray Evans and sung by Livingston himself. “A horse is a horse/Of course, of course”.

If you suspect your pet is suffering from the condition, move them to a cool place, preferably with a draught, wet their coat with cool - not freezing water, and contact your vet immediately. Once a dog shows signs of heatstroke the damage is often already done, which is why it’s so important to prevent it. As temperatures rise, follow our guide to keeping your dog safe and having fun in the summer sun Dogs in hot cars Even on mild days, temperatures in a car can rapidly heat up to reach more than double the outside temperature. When it’s 22 degrees Celsius outside, the inside of a car can reach a stifling 47 degrees Celsius. This is no environment for a dog. Every summer, RSPCA NSW receives hundreds of calls from concerned people who have found animals left in hot cars. It is still a common belief that is fine to leave a dog in a car if they’ve parked in the shade, or if the windows are tinted/rolled down. No matter the weather or location, it is still a very dangerous situation for any dog. Symptoms of heat stress in dogs include panting, drooling and restlessness. Over time, they can become weak and their gum colour can change. They may also begin to stagger and experience vomiting, diarrhoea or seizures. Because dogs cool themselves through panting, they are particularly at risk in a hot car. If the air around them is too hot and there is no access to cool water, dogs cannot lower their body temperature back to where it should be. What should you do if you find a dog left in a hot car? 1. Call for help If the owner of the car and dog cannot be located straight away, contact your local police or RSPCA NSW on 1300 278 3589 as soon as possible and request assistance. 2. Notify management

How to keep a dog cool and prevent heatstroke Make sure your dog has access to clean water at all times, ideally a large bowl filled to the brim. Carry water and a bowl with you on walks. On hot days, walk your dog during the cooler parts of the day, in the early morning and late evening Watch your pet for signs of over-heating, including heavy panting and loss of energy. If you recognise these signs when on a walk, stop, find a shady spot and give your dog water. Never leave your dog (or any pet) alone in a car, even with the windows open Make cooling tasty treats by making ice cubes with your dog’s favourite food inside or stuff a Kong and pop it in the freezer Be particularly careful with short nosed dogs such as bull breeds, boxers, pugs, older dogs, and those that are overweight. These dogs can get heatstroke simply by running around. Walking – Walk your dog at the cooler times of the day, either first thing in the morning or early evening Dogs’ paw pads can burn on hot pavements. As a general rule, if it’s too hot for your hand it’s too hot for their paws. If it’s too hot for the usual long walk, keep your dog mentally stimulated by doing some brain games instead. Refresh their basic training with some sits and stays, or teach them new tricks.

If the car is parked in a business’ car park, notify the business management or security team. Ask them to make a public announcement to find the car’s and dog’s owner. People may not realize how quickly a car can heat up or understand the risk of leaving a pet inside a car. Many people will often return very quickly to their vehicle when alerted to the situation.

Swimming –

If the car is in a public carpark and you cannot find anyone to assist you, please remember to contact your local police or RSPCA NSW on 1300 278 3589.

Be wary of tides at the beach

3. Record information You should quickly note down the car’s make, model and license plate number or if you have your phone nearby, take a picture of it. Do NOT report this to us via social media. You will need to contact us officially so we can take action.

Swimming is excellent exercise for dogs and a great exercise alternative to walking in the summer heat. But remember that not all dogs like to swim, so if yours doesn’t then don’t force them and never throw a dog into water.

Drinking salt water is likely to make your dog sick and isn’t very good for them. Bring fresh water with you to the beach. If your dog swims or paddles in the sea to keep cool, remember to rinse the salt water and sand from your dog’s coat after to avoid drying out and irritating their skin. Be careful to avoid heatstroke on the beach

4. Monitor the dog

Watch out for currents in rivers

If you are able to, stay with the dog until help arrives.

Check freshwater lakes, rivers, ponds and canals to make sure they are clean before letting your dog dive in. Some types of algae, including blue-green algae, are toxic to dogs. If your dog swims in algae-contaminated water, contact your vet immediately.

What are the laws surrounding dogs left in hot cars? Under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1979), it is not an offence to lock a dog in the car in NSW. However, if the dog is heat distressed, this is considered an act of cruelty, and our inspectors can investigate. If this is the case, please report it to us on 1300 278 3589 and provide the licence plate number, make and colour of car, the location and a description of the person of interest if available. Our Inspectors will then be able to investigate further. Heatstroke in dogs – Dogs can suffer fatal heatstroke within minutes. Unlike humans, dogs can’t sweat through their skin and so they rely on panting and releasing heat through their paw pads and nose to regulate their body temperature and keep cool. Imagine wearing a thick winter coat on a hot summer’s day and you’ll understand why dogs succumb to heatstroke so easily.

Take care of your dog’s delicate paws. If the pavement is too hot for your hand, it’s too hot for their paw pads too. Dog booties can be bought from pet shops and online, or walk your dog at cooler times of the day to prevent their paws burning. Grooming your dog is important in the summer months, especially for longhaired breeds, to get rid of matts and tangles. A tangle-free coat will protect your pet’s delicate skin and help to keep them cool. Plus, if your pet’s coat is dirty and matted then you run the risk of flies laying their eggs and becoming maggots. Some breeds may need their coats trimming to keep them comfortable. Ask a professional groomer for advice.

Signs of heatstroke in dogs include collapse, excessive panting, and dribbling.

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Kevin Hogan - MP Our community has faced tough and emotional times over the past weeks with drought and fires. I would like to thank all of the people and community groups who were doing so much to help others. I would like to especially thank our RFS volunteers, Emergency services and first responders for their tireless efforts; they are doing an incredible job keeping our communities safe. Farmers and small businesses on the North Coast that have been hit by the bushfires can now access recovery grants of up to $15,000. To apply for a recovery grant, primary producers and small businesses should contact the NSW Rural Assistance Authority on 1800 678 593 or visit raa.nsw.gov.au The Disaster Recovery Payment will immediately put cash into the pockets of those in need, providing $1000 for eligible adults and $400 for eligible children visit https://www.humanservices.gov.au/ individuals/help-emergency Emergency fodder is available from the Wollongbar DPI Institute for those landholders impacted by bushfires. 1800 814 647 For help with fencing and livestock management - https://blazeaid. com.au General enquiries relating to insurance - 1800 734 621 or http:// www.disasters.org.au/ Further information on disaster assistance is available on the Australian Government’s Disaster Assist website at www. disasterassist.gov.au and the NSW emergency information and response website at www.emergency.nsw.gov.au Disaster assistance has been made available and above is some information that you may find useful. If you prefer you can always phone my office and we can direct you to the right area (6621 4044).

Chris Gulaptis - Member for Clarence It is a less cheerful Christmas message than usual, with so many locals affected by the terrible bush fires we have been enduring in our region over the past few months. All three levels of Government - the Feds, the NSW Government and Clarence and Richmond Valley Councils - are working hard together to ease the pain and speed up the recovery. For example the Nationals in the NSW Government are waiving tip fees and providing recovery grants as well as bringing in tougher sentences against arsonists. There is a lot of assistance available, but it can be confusing. If you need help, please check the information in my ad in this edition of the Heartland Magazine (p7). A good place to start is with the Disaster Welfare Assistance Line on 1800 018 444 of the Rural Assistance Authority on 1800 678 593. If you need more guidance, don’t hesitate to call my office on 6643 1244. Notwithstanding the bushfire ravages, 2019 has been a good year for the Clarence and Richmond Valleys in terms of infrastructure investment from the Nationals in the NSW Government. The $5 billion Pacific Highway upgrade between Woolgoolga and Ballina in on track for completion sometime next year. The biggest single structure, the massive new Harwood Bridge is finished and will open to traffic before Christmas. Also finished is the long promised new Grafton Bridge which is going to do so much for families and small business in the Clarence Valley. A high tech upgrade of the Casino Saleyards is also complete and revolutionising the way the beef capital does business. Grafton now has its own university hub and Yamba has its first ever TAFE presence. Iluka will soon get its first ever Ambulance Station and Evans Head is not only getting a new community health centre but a $7 million infrastructure investment to make the coastal town an even better place to live and visit. Australia’s largest prison will soon open in the Clarence Valley bringing with it 600 more local jobs. The upgrade of Grafton Hospital’s day patient facilities is also nearing completion. The Nationals in Government has also committed planning money for the complete redevelopment of the hospital to cater for future growth in population. If you have school age children, remember in the New Year to claim your Active and Creative Kids subsidies. Each child is eligible for three one hundred dollar vouchers: two for sport and one for activities such as music. My wife Vicki and I wish all Heartland Magazine readers a happy Christmas and a safe and health 2020.

Casino Control Centre

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Tamara Smith - Member for Ballina

Janelle Saffin - MP

State of Emergency

Albo comes through for CWA Nimbin

While homes and lives have been threatened by the bushfires ravaging the state this lately, it has been hard to avoid the many vocal opinions about the cause, who is to blame whether this could have been prevented and whether it is, in fact, soon to discuss these topics entirely. I know I joined many members of the community in feeling a deep sense of unease as the blanket of smoke descended upon our townships, wondering how bad it would get. My team and I headed out to knock on the doors of some of the residents who were at risk with the predicted catastrophic weather conditions. I watched in awe as evacuation centres were set up seamlessly and was humbled to hear the stories of centre support staff who had been present at other locations a couple of weeks prior with families who had lost everything. Watching the coordinated efforts of the Police, Rural Fire Service and State Emergency Service Volunteers was nothing short of astonishing. Saying that they have and continue to do an amazing job is quite an understatement, and no thanks will ever enough to acknowledge the work that they have done. Much of the media attention surrounding these devastating events has focused on who is to blame and whether this tragedy could have been prevented. We Greens have come under attack for supposedly preventing backburning and talking about climate change. Playing the blame game in the midst of such tragedy has been disappointing to say the least. Particularly the attempts to distract from the government’s failures to address the reality of the climate crisis that we face. The loss of life, property and habitat throughout these fires has indeed been heartbreaking. What has been even more so has been the preceding stubborn drought and that this may be the new normal. What we are seeing today and what we may see into the future is the consequence of record high levels of carbon pollution in this country. Whilst some have argued that it is too soon to speak about these things – that fires are still burning; communities and lives are still at risk. But my question to those people is how much worse are we prepared to let things get? Of course, none of us want this to continue to be our new normal, yet we continue to burn and export coal and gas, making our climate crisis worse with more loss of life, more loss of property, more dry conditions and more heat. It’s not because we don’t know how – we have the collective knowledge about how to address one of the primary drivers of this climate crisis producing bushfires. Yet we are not seeing the sort of action that is being taken right across the world on our own soil. We have known for decades what we need to do to stop our planet from burning. In a briefing I received from one of the fire chiefs, I was advised that the rainforest at Mt Nardi is burning for the first time since 1964. No amount of backburning could have prevented the type of canopy fire we have witnessed in our rainforest that has been so deprived of rain that 3000 hectares of it burned in the space of a couple of days and continues to do so. In the midst of dealing with this disaster, even fire chiefs and community members acknowledge that we need to deal with climate crisis that we face. We are in a moment of national mourning and now is the time to act. If not now, when? We know what we need to do – we’ve known for years. We can build a renewable energy economy that will produce tens of thousands of jobs and make crisis like the ones we have witnessed unfold this week the exception rather than the rule.

Federal Labor Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese’s recent visit to Nimbin resulted in a welcome windfall for Country Women’s Association Nimbin branch as they supported the firefighting effort during the Mount Nardi National Park bushfire. Anthony asked the CWA women what practical measures could he provide to support their good work in feeding the firefighters, among other things. Ms Theresa Howes, known as “Queen of the Kitchen”, said fridges. We both pledged some assistance to CWA Nimbin President Linnet Pike and her fellow members, and Albo was as good as his word, arranging for Woolworths’ Qld-NSW State Manager Facilities Colin Kane to personally donate two upright freezers, two upright fridges, 20 24-bottle packs of water and two $500 Woolworths vouchers. I was on hand to thank Colin and his refrigeration technician Michael Heck as they delivered the white goods to Nimbin Town Hall, where CWA Nimbin put them to good use during the current emergency and will do so for future community events. I sincerely thank Woolworths for its generosity. I also thank all 25 members of CWA Nimbin, which was reformed in February this year and supplied meals, water, fruit and snacks to the large contingent of Rural Fire Service volunteers – from local and out-of-town brigades – fighting to protect lives, property, our precious rainforest and animals. Thanks too to Darren Butcher, owner of the Nimbin Bakery, who supplied breakfasts, and CWA Lismore and Fundamental Food stores, for getting right behind the Nimbin community as well. I know residents who relocated from their homes to the Evacuation Centre at Nimbin Showgrounds due to the fire threat, and townsfolk, were very worried for firefighters and locals who have stayed behind to defend their homes. I admire their bravery and public service and trust that they all stay safe on the fire front. I made six visits to Nimbin during the bushfire emergency and also visited Torrington, hit hard by the Gulf Road bushfire around the same time. Tenterfield Shire Councillor Tom Peters and I thanked members of the Torrington Rural Fire Service for their extraordinary effort and hard work. Without them, the town would not have survived.

SPECIAL DELIVERY: Pictured, back row from left, are refrigeration technician Michael Heck, Nimbin CWA President Linnet Pike, Woolworths Qld-NSW State Manager Colin Kane, State Member for Lismore Janelle Saffin, Cookery Officer Theresa Howes, Lilith Tavraki, Secretary Dr Kitty Van Vuuren, Agriculture and Environment Officer Ashoka Joblin; front row, Saskia Kouwenberg and publicity officer Tashanna Fuller.

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Mayor David Wright - Ballina 2019 has flown by so quickly and much has changed in the Ballina Shire since last Christmas. There has been a continuing year of growth in visitors, land and house sales, new facilities and other projects just about to be completed. These include the latest River Street Upgrade and Lake Ainsworth Foreshore Improvement Works. The shire is certainly buzzing. One new facility, just opened, is the Ballina Indoor Sports Centre (BISC). Combined with the two Ballina Coast High courts, the centre can cater for a variety of large indoor sporting events. The amenities, change rooms, meeting rooms and the quality build make this complex one of the best in NSW. With the upcoming Christmas holiday period, we are encouraging our community to shop locally instead of online or heading up to the Gold Coast. To have a wide variety of shopping experiences in the shire all year round, a big Christmas spend will ensure that business viability is enhanced. The shire has many amazing volunteers and Australia Day 2020 is a fantastic chance to recognise their importance to our community. The shire is very proud of its wide variety of volunteers and council has the privilege of working with many. We are excited to announce Liz Ellis as our 2020 Australia Day ambassador. Liz has chosen Ballina Shire to raise her family and it is quite fitting that our staff have invited Liz to be our guest speaker for the 2020 Australia Day celebrations to be held in the new Ballina Indoor Sports Centre (BISC). Liz, I’m sure, has competed and commentated in many indoor sports centres around the country and the world. Let’s hope she enjoys ours. Based on the last school break, the upcoming holiday period will be full of visitors accessing our beautiful beaches, plateau rainforests, primary production farms, river, heath lands and waterfalls. This growth in tourist numbers is great for business but might cause inconvenience at times. However, a kind word or help with directions is a great way to say welcome. I have again been very fortunate to visit many incredible groups over the last twelve months and on behalf of the whole community, I thank those organisations for what they do to help so many others. I really hope that families have a well-deserved holiday break and that safety in the water and on the roads is paramount in everyone’s thoughts. Please do what you can do to make someone’s holiday period a little better. Whether it’s a few words of greeting, an offer to help, an inclusion to join in a meal or a small gift – your generosity might be the thing that supports someone in experiencing a time of joy and fellowship. Please take care, ‘Slip, Slop, Slap’ and be safe. Cr David Wright

Responsible mobile phone use for children and teenagers. With Christmas coming up, many kids will want and get a mobile phone for the first time or as an update, here are some important steps to take to keep the kids safe. Key points: • Responsible mobile phone use is about managing costs, sticking to family rules, keeping phones safe and being respectful.  • You can encourage your child to use her mobile phone responsibly by modelling responsible phone use yourself.  • It’s a good idea to discuss and agree on mobile phone rules with your child. About responsible mobile phone use If you’re thinking about a mobile phone for your child, or your child already has a phone, it’s important to think about how you’ll help your child learn to use the phone responsibly. Responsible mobile phone use is about: • • • •

sticking to family rules about phone use managing costs by keeping track of call, text and data usage keeping the phone charged and safe and not losing it being safe and respectful in calls, texts and social media posts.

Role-modelling responsible mobile phone use You can encourage your child to use his mobile phone responsibly by modelling healthy and responsible phone use yourself. To start with, you could think about your own technology use. For example, if you’re continually checking your emails or social media feed, it’s likely your child will see this as acceptable phone use. On other hand, if you have a rule about not using phones during family mealtimes, and you follow the rule yourself, your child is more likely to follow the rule too. It’s a good idea to talk with your child about having phone-free time regularly. Some families like to have phone-free afternoons or days for the whole family. Others try to take a no-internet holiday every now and then – for example, on a camping trip. Rules for mobile phone use It’s a good idea to discuss and agree on mobile phone rules with your child. These might be rules about what she can use her phone for, where and when she can use it, and how much she can spend on usage. Here are some examples of mobile phone rules for your child: • What: your child must answer calls and texts from you and his other parent. Your child can also use his phone to contact friends and listen to music. Your child can’t use the phone to watch movies online. • When: your child can use her phone during the day and early evening, but not between 9 pm and 7 am. • How much: your child can use the plan’s monthly allowance, but there won’t be any extra payments if he runs out of minutes or data. Here are some examples of mobile phone rules for the whole family: • Mobile phones are either switched off or not used during family meals. • Mobile phones stay out of bedrooms after a time you agree on. • Mobile phones are put down when you’re talking face to face with each other. You might find it helps to create an agreement that both you and your child sign. You could make this part of a family media plan covering all types of devices and media use. If you choose to have a formal agreement, it’s a good idea to revise it together regularly to make sure it still meets your needs and your child’s needs.

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You might also want to talk about and agree on consequences if your family’s mobile phone rules are broken – by your child, or by you. You can guide your child towards positive mobile phone use. For example, you could encourage your child to take a photo of one nice thing that happens each day to share with you that evening, or use her phone to edit photos, or learn a language. Managing mobile phone costs When your child first gets a mobile phone, you’ll probably need to help him learn how to manage costs so he doesn’t run up big bills. For example, you can: • show your child how to check how much of his call, text and data allowance he’s used  • help your child switch off unnecessary settings that use up data, like automatic downloads for data  • explain that he should use wi-fi to download some kinds of data like videos, or he might go over his data limit. Keeping the mobile phone safe and charged Responsible mobile phone use involves keeping the phone undamaged. You’ll need to talk with your child about how she can keep her mobile phone safe – for example, your child might need a phone cover and a screen protector. A phone detector feature can be helpful in case your child loses the phone. It’s also a good idea to agree with your child on how you’ll deal with replacing a lost or damaged mobile phone. For example, will you or your child pay for a new handset? If your child is younger – or just a bit forgetful – you might need to remind him that it’s his responsibility to keep the mobile phone charged. Most schools have rules about mobile phones at school. Many schools require phones to be switched off so they can’t be used during class or in the playground. It’s important for your child to stick to her school’s rules about mobile phone use. Safe and respectful mobile phone use If your child uses his mobile phone to communicate independently with others or access the internet, it increases the risk that he’ll come across content that bothers him. It also exposes your child to risks like cyberbullying, sexting, inappropriate content, and contact with strangers. You can help protect your child from risky or inappropriate content and activities by teaching her about internet safety. You can also talk to your child about: • managing safety and privacy settings on his phone – for example, checking that social media profiles are private and locking the phone with a pin • not entering personal details like name, address or date of birth into online accounts or forms • accepting new social media friend requests only from people he knows face to face • checking which apps use location services and switching off the ones he doesn’t need. This can ensure that your child isn’t showing his location to nearby people that he doesn’t know. • check the security settings, history and Apps being used by the child regularly, talk to your child about concerns but don’t make it a big issue, simply talk about them in a caring manner to resolve any issues-keep the lines of communication open at all times about the phones usage and settings.

Mollymays Casino’s newest dress shop, Mollymays is a welcomed fresh addition to Walker street with a beautiful collection of boutique clothing as well as homewares and accessories. Opening its doors on Thursday 28th of November, Mollymays has grown from humble beginnings. Molly began selling her wares on Facebook which developed into a website in 2017. The website’s popularity grew too large allowing the shop premises to be the necessary next step to continue this thriving business. The colourful display of garments which cater for all sizes and ages, have thoughtfully been displayed in a fresh updated shop which immediately puts customers at ease. The wide range of accessories compliment the clothing range with unique pieces available at inexpensive prices. Mollymays also has a range of hand made bath soaks which she makes herself and are packaged in a simplistic but original way which sets her product apart from commercial branding. With Christmas around the corner, a number of treasures and great gift ideas can be found in store. The perfect new outfit for a Christmas gathering or a fresh look for the New Year. Mollymays aims to be a contributing factor to the community of Casino and are having a late-night shopping night on the 19th of December for anyone who is needing some extra time, opening until 9pm. It is exciting to see the presence of a new store within our community and to support the success by shopping locally at this contemporary take on a boutique clothing and accessory store. From a simple Facebook page to a beautiful website, Casino can now enjoy this latest addition to our business landscape.

Your child needs to learn about using her mobile phone to communicate in a respectful way too. This involves not creating or forwarding nasty or humiliating emails, photos or text messages. Using her phone respectfully is an important part of being a responsible digital citizen.

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Casino Quota Club: Meeting 2nd Tuesday of every month. 6:30 pm for 7 pm start at the Baptist Church House Casino. Enquiries to Lenore on 0414 918 167 or email: casinoquota@gmail.com Grow Group: 1800 558 268 Lion's Club Casino: Lion's Club meeting is held on the 2nd and 4th Wednesday each month at RSM from 6:30- 7:00. Square Dancing: Square Dancing: a great way to meet new friends. Bright toe-tapping music. It's fun and healthy too. Singles and couples welcome. Club dances Thursday afternoon and Friday nights. Contact Francis on 0407 663 017. Casino Vision Impaired: Support group for anyone who is blind or vision impaired e.g. Macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts. Meeting on the first Monday of each month at the Baptist Church hall at 10:00. Have an outing each month. Anyone can come who is there to support their partners, carers or family. For more details ring Denise Green on 0448 014 682. The Casino Community Men's Shed: The Casino Community Men's Shed is open Mondays to Wednesdays, 8:30am to 2:00pm. Membership is open to males and females. For more information contact us on phone No. 02 6662 6423 or email us on casmenshed@live.com.au or find us on Facebook. Kyogle Sunshine Club: Meets every Thursday at 9:30am. In the Supper Room. Come and enjoy a day of fun, morning tea and lunch. All welcome. For more detail contact 0499 824 274. Casino Richmond River Country Music Club Social Day: come on down for some country music. Counter meals also available. All singers and musician’s welcome! 3rd Sunday of every month at the RSM, 11am.Enquiries to Gloria New Ph 02 6662 2625 CWA Meeting Dates: CWA Meeting The CWA meeting will be held on the 3rd Thursday of the month at the Casino Community Cultural Centre at 9:00 am. For further information please contact Allison on Ph: 0400 956 404 CWA Craft. The CWA and friends will meet in the Casino library at 9:00 am on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. For further in information please contact Diane on 6663 3144 or Vivian on 6662 1838. Casino Mini Rail Every Sunday 10am to 4pm Weather permitting Casino View Club holds its monthly luncheon meeting at Casino RSM club 11 am on the second Thursday of the month. Any further inquiries or to book lunch please contact Barbara on 6661 2530 Casino Croquet Club members are reminded that play will be recommencing from Wednesday February 6th at 8.30am for play before 9am. New members (male or female) are invited to come along for some free trial lessons with our Captain Mary & newly qualified coach, Leonie . For further information contact Mary on 66621971 Richmond River Beef Produces Association Meet on the 2nd Wed of every month at Kyogle Showgrounds in the luncheon room at 7pm. For more details Phone Lyn on 0427 293 455. Social Dancing Want to put the beat back into your feet and great exercise come along to St Mark’s Dance Group in the Back-Hall Casino. Access via Simpsons Parade, every Tuesday 7-9pm. (Cost is $3) A Social is held on the first Saturday night 7.30-11pm. (Cost $5 and please bring a plate for 78 | Heartland Magazine

supper) Lucky door Prizes & Raffles are held at these. All welcome, more information please phone Maggie on 6662 4060 or 0402 104 195 Casino Rotary Club Meets each Monday at Casino RSM Club 6.15pm starts at 6.30pm Contact secretaryrccasino@gmail.com St Marks Dance Group Saturday night social the 1st Saturday of the month. McKees Hill Bowls Club Indoor bowls every Sunday at McKees Hill Hall. Commencing at 1pm. $3 for the afternoon of bowls. Contact Frank 6683 2327 Lions Club of Kyogle Fourth Lions Club in Australia ‘’ Proud of it ‘’ Lions Club meeting is held on the 1st & 3rd Tuesday each Month @ the Kyogle Bowling Club from 6.30 – 7.00. Visitor and New Members Most Welcome For more information contact Neville Moon 663 22233 Casino Mixed Probus Club Meet on the 4th Thursday of the month at the Casino RSM Club at 10am.For information call the secretary on 0419 886 119 The Casino & District Historical Society Museum is open for visitors Sunday, Monday, Wednesday and Friday 10am to 2pm. Adults $5, Children and Students free. Bus trips are welcome. Yearly Membership $15, Couples $25 . General Meetings are held 2nd Saturday - March, June, Sept, November 10am in Museum. All welcome. Email casinohistorymuseum@outlook.com for further information. We are on facebook.

To have a notice in Save the Date, Call Sharon on 02 6662 6222

Weekly Markets Lismore Organic Market: Every Tuesday, 7:30am–11am Murwillumbah Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 7am–11am Nimbin Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 3pm–6pm Byron Farmers Market: Every Thursday, 8am–11am Lismore Produce Market: Every Thursday, 3:30pm–7pm Mullumbimby Farmers Market: Every Friday, 7am–11am Bangalow Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Blue Knob Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8.30am–12pm Byron Bay Saturday Artisan Market: Every Saturday, 4pm–9pm Kyogle Farmers & Crafts Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Lismore Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Uki Produce Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Drake Hall Markets: Last Saturday of the month, 9am-2pm Tabulam Community Market Second Sunday of the month, 9am-2pm Ballina Missingham Farmers Market: Every Sunday, 6am–12pm Brunswick Heads Market Day: First Saturday of each Month. Barraba Markets 2nd Saturday of the month Hallsville Country Market 4th Sunday of the month Manilla CWA Markets 4th Sunday of the month Tamworth Growers’ Markets Every Saturday Tamworth Peel Street Markets 3rd Sunday of the month Singleton Sunday Markets 2nd Sunday of the month Maitland Markets First Sunday of every month Bathurst Farmers’ Markets Fourth Saturday of the month Twilight Food Market - Coffs Harbour Every Friday from October to April Kingscliff Markets Second and fourth Saturday of every month Jindabyne Hall Markets First Saturday each month Hunter Wine Country Markets Every Saturday Wauchope Farmers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Albury Wodonga Farmers Market Every Saturday Wellington Rotary Markets Fourth Saturday of each month(closed January) Yass Community Markets First and third Saturday of the month Bollywood Beach Markets First and fourth Saturday of each month

Dungog Local Growers Stall Every Saturday of the month The Entrance Market Every Saturday of the month Kiama Makers and Growers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Coonabarabran Townlife Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Nimbin Markets Every fourth and fifth Sunday of the month Newcastle City Farmers Market Every Sunday Griffith Rotary Market Every Sunday from 8am to 12 noon Yamba River Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Avoca Beachside Markets Fourth Sunday of each month Gunning Markets Every Sunday of the month Gosford Monthly Market First Saturday of each month Eat Street Wollongong Every Thursday Young and Region Farmers Markets First, third and fifth Saturday each month Dubbo Riverside Markets Second Sunday of each month Gulgong Markets Every fourth Saturday Toronto Monthly Markets First Thursday of each month Berry Produce Market Twice a month on the second Saturday and fourth Sunday Batemans Bay Sunday Market The first and third Sunday every month

Every FIRST Saturday Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every FIRST Sunday Lismore Car Boot Market: Iluka Markets - Ken Leeson Oval: Every SECOND Saturday Byron Flea Market: Woodburn Markets: Every SECOND Sunday The Channon Craft Market Lennox Community Market Tabulam Live Music Jam Session Second Sunday of the Month Behind the Co-op. Every THIRD Saturday Mullumbimby Community Market: Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every THIRD Sunday Ballina Market: Lismore Car Boot Market: Murwillumbah Market: Uki Buttery Bazaar Market: Every FOURTH Saturday Evans Head Riverside Market: Every FOURTH Sunday Bangalow Market: Casino Riverside Markets: Kyogle Bazaar: Nimbin Market: Every FIFTH Sunday Lennox Community Market: Nimbin Market:

If we have forgotten your community’s market, please contact us and let us know so we can include it in our next edition! All dates are correct at time of publication

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HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

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HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers will be published in Issue 37

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