Heartland Magazine Issue 40 April/May 2020 by The Northern Rivers Times

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From the Publishers How much has the world and our way of life changed in one month since I last wrote this editorial. One month, pretty much to the day our lives have changed, industry and economies world-wide are struggling.

QUANTA LINES can help you with all your power needs large or small. Our friendly and experienced staff will assess your needs, and can design, construct and manage your project from start to finish. Whether it’s moving a pole, upgrading your power supply, or full electrical infrastructure and telecommunications pit & pipe for a new subdivision or development, QUANTA LINES will provide the whole package.

We have lost thousands of good people world-wide and countless people are being hospitalised, it won’t be over for a long time and all we can do is have patience and self-isolate to protect each other. Once this pandemic is over or controlled, it will be very interesting how much it has changed our lives from what we had before. Here at Heartland, we put a few strategies in place weeks ago. Our priorities were to protect our staff, customers’ and readers that visit us on a daily basis. We have had our office doors locked for over two weeks and been working inside and so far, it has worked out well. In fact, it has given us much time to prepare many future stories for upcoming issues over the next 6-12 months. Heartland Magazine will continue to publish its much-loved magazine through this crisis and continue to give our readers something to do to pass the time at home. We have also published each issue online now and our readers that have computers and tablets can read each issue by going to www.issuu.com/heartlandmagazineaus we have done this so that people that don’t want to go out, don’t have to read Heartland Magazine. We have also reduced the price for this over the cost of the printed magazine. We have also ramped up our Media releases on our website and giving accurate updates from councils, health organisations, businesses and political media releases in order to give our readers on our website, Facebook and twitter up to date and accurate reports on what is happening in communities around Australia. You can join our social pages from the links on the right or visit our website at www.heartlandmagazine.com.au Please take care, be strong and we hope you enjoy this brilliant 100-page edition of Heartland Magazine. Jeff and Sharon

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Issue 41 Available from over 900 select Newsagents from May 12th, 2020 through Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland coastal and regional areas. If your newsagent or stockist doesn’t have a copy ask them to call us on 1300 679 787. Subscriptions welcome call Sharon on 1300 679 787 for a 6 or 12 month subscription delivered to your door each month.

Heartland Magazine |

April/May edition 2020 PUBLISHED by Heartland Media 81 Walker Street, Casino NSW 2470 02 6662 6222 TO ADVERTISE in Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sharon Bateman at sharon@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222 TO TELL US YOUR STORY for Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sophie at sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222 Distribution If you would like to stock Heartland Magazine please contact our office on 02 6662 6222 or email jeff@heartlandmedia.com.au Heartland Magazine is distributed by

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Regulars 8

Farmer Sophie Adventures

Helen Trustum

70-71

Motoring History

72-73

Truck History

74-75

Motorcycle History

Council Ranger

Kids Page

79-80

This month in History

Hall of Fame

82-83

Travel - Forster-Tuncurry

84-85

Let’s Cook

Natural Products

Beauty

88-89

Wines of the Month

92-93

Scam Watch

96-97

Crosswords

Issue 41 of Heartland Magazine

Heartland Magazine Regional Offices Casino – 02 6662 6222 Toowoomba - 07 4580 1122 Newcastle – 02 4044 5612 Dubbo – 02 6834 8955 Tamworth – 02 5733 4522 Canberra – 02 5104 5122 Bendigo – 03 5410 1222 © Heartland Magazine 2020. All material in Heartland Magazine is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Please contact us for further information if required.

www.heartlandmagazine.com.au ISSN 2652-337X (Online) ISSN 2652-3361 (Print) Special thank you to Helen Trustum Thank you to Maclean Historical Society, Uki Historical Society, Tamworth Historical Society and all of our contributors. Heartland Media welcomes stories that are submitted via writing however we will publish them in their entirety and will not edit them in any way...some stories have tried to recreate events, locales and conversations from personal memories of them. In order to maintain their anonymity in some instances people have changed the names of individuals and places, or may have changed some identifying characteristics and details such as physical properties, occupations and places of residence. We do not take responsibility for the way the story reads or grammatical errors. We are simply transferring them from the heart.

| Heartland Magazine

Once you are gone, your memories are gone with you. Let us tell your story and leave your history with your family and future generations to show you were here and the life you left behind. Call Heartland and let us tell your story in quality Call us on 02 6662 6222 or Email: sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au

The Heartland Team

Jeff - Co Founder Graphic Design & Layout

Sharon - Co Founder Sales

Sophie Writer & Research

Bella Security

Contents

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26 30

32 40

Heartland Magazine |

With frustration I take a walk and have a quick chat with my cattle under the huge fig tree. Their shiny coats and full belly’s remind me that only a few months earlier, the worry was on the drought and how low our water and feed supply was getting. To see conditions now, you would never visually know of that struggle which immediately picked up my spirits to give it one last go. Like a fashion thunderbolt striking a stylist on Oscar week, I had an idea that made me giggle at my own silliness. If I also move and put down the front seat these ute sides will fit in and I will be the hero of problem solving. After a good 45 mins of tussling with the ute sides and enjoying my own heart rate, I struck success and had managed to shut the doors and boot, encasing the sides safely into Mazy.

Driving home from dance practice as a kid, I would often look out the window into the night sky and marvel at the stars and wonder about the future and what life would bring. Falling stars were reserved to make a wish that someday I would become a professional dancer and that if I was really lucky, I would find love and have a family of my own one day. The further we drove from Casino the brighter the stars became, and it was clear to me from a young age that it would be the same for my career. I would have to leave for a while, but I knew I would return eventually. 15 years on, I am home exactly where I belong. Although I drive my own car back to the farm now, the journey couldn’t be more different. The worries of the world creep in but suddenly drop away once I close our property gate behind me. As usual Bell’s muddy paw prints greet me, and we head to the shed for todays farming task. The sides off the ute tray need to be taken to Casino to be put onto the ute and I am sure I can fit them into Mazy my Mazda. I fold my back seat down, pick up the two longest sides and begin to slide them into the car. It soon becomes shockingly clear that once again my depth perception had failed me. 30cms stuck out the back of my car but this only made me more determined. I haul the sides over to the house like some sort of Barbie lumberjack and repeat the same process with my mum’s car. Although it was a better fit there was no way I could close the back door leaving me with a problem that no amount of Tetris training could have prepared me for.

| Heartland Magazine

I was away, motoring towards Casino with the ute tray sides in the car and a new friend I was about to find out about. Approaching Wiangaree, something jumped onto the dash-board and scared me like a calf being ear tagged for the first time. I pulled over and jumped out expecting to see a cricket or a large bug. Instead as I shone my phone torch onto the creature, I see the sweet smile from a baby green tree frog. Making eye contact with little amphibian, I tell him that I do not need to kiss him as I have already found my prince, but I will set him free in a new neighbourhood. With a few deep breaths I launch my hand over the frog as fast as a Venus fly trap. Letting out a sound I can only describe as a child’s scared laughter noise, I cup the frog and release him into the roadside grass. With order restored to the inside of the car, I make my way back to Casino and drop the ute sides off to where they needed to be. In a world that is currently drowning in a sea of media, rumours, panic and selfishness a simple moment to look to the night sky was a welcomed relief of calm and quiet reflection. The small successes in life are worth celebrating as each new day brings its own challenges. It was at that point I realised the darker the sky the brighter the stars and that individually we are only a very small part of the bigger puzzle of life. The key is to find a star to shine with you and to create the hopes and wishes for the next generation of dreamers.

Helen Trustum Albert Reuben Patch – Wongavale and Patch’s Beach

My story on the Patch Family begins with Reuben’s Grandfather John and Phoebe Patch. They set sail on the boat “Washington Irving” from Somerset, England and departed for Sydney on the 19th June 1857. They were to be on the ill-fated boat “Dunbar” that sank off Sydney Harbour where there was only one survivor. John and Phoebe first settled in the Hunter River District then moved to the Clarence in 1864. He grew corn and sold it to the markets. In 1871 they moved to Cannon Point, Coraki where they grew cane. He purchased 60 acres off Peter McLaren for 60 pounds. In 1875 he branched out and purchased more land to grow cane 47 acres, then 122 acres in 1881, both at Bungawalbyn. Their family; George, Sarah Ann, John, Mark, Matthew, Luke, Jane, Eliza, Charles and James. Matthew, John and Phoebe’s fourth son, married Ruth Hiscocks. They lived at Pelican Creek, in the Coraki area. Mathew was a builder. He built the Ruthven Hall in 1911. Mathew was also one of the first trustees of the Hall. Matthew and Ruth’s family; Mathew, Henry (Bill), Phoebe, Reuben, Emma, Ruth, Ebb, John and Vivian. The eldest boys were great skullers where they enjoyed many great days on the Richmond River at Coraki. Reub’s mother - Ruth Patch

Albert Reuben (known as Reub) third son of Mathew and Ruth’s, was born in 1893 in Casino. He came with his family to live at Wongavale in 1908. Reuben was 15 years of age and wanted to select land and because of his age, his brother Bill selected the property on top of MacKellar Range in the name of A R (Bill) Patch.

Reub ( left) and Bill taken before they left Australia in First War - 1915

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

Bill and Reub both saw service in the First War. They enlisted in July 1915 and served in the 5th Light Horse in Palestine. They were to land at Gallopie but were

turned back and landed at another cove. They were in the Battle of Beersheba. They rode into Jerusalem where hardly a shot was fired under General Almby. Both boys fought side by side and returned after four years of battle. Bill and Reuben were offered land with the Soldiers Settlement in Chelmsford. Reub built his first home in 1922, all split timber. He married Jessie Mulvena on 13th December 1922. Jessie was the eldest daughter of Robert and Matilda Mulvena of Boundary Creek. Robert had selected 200 acres on 3rd September 1908 which was later sold to A. R. Patch on 20th April 1922. Another 600 acres was taken up. The Mulvena Family lived on 200 acres at the bottom of the mountain now owned by Geoff Manning. When their daughter Jessie was old enough Ted and Jean Patch carrying cream by horseback to go to school she boarded with a family near the Boorabee Park School till she was old enough to ride her horse. To enable her to go to High School Jessie had to board in Lismore for three years. Reub and Jessie’s Family; Bill, Mavis, Jean, Ted, Ivy and Alan. Reub began dairying where cream had to be loaded on to a pack horse and taken down the Wongavale side of the mountain and met by the cream lorry by 8.30am each morning. Reub milked 41 cows by hand. All goods had to be taken up by horse back. All his supplies would arrive with the cream carrier. When the road was put in, Reub would take the cream to Bentley Railway Station there it was picked up and taken to Lismore. He would take the neighbours cream and charge freight of 1/- (10c) a can. The road up the mountain was to service properties above the Bungabee State Forest. Both Terania Shire Council and the Forestry would not give Inspectors inspecting road over the mountain permission to build as it was not a dedicated shire road. This did not distract them from going ahead. Work started on the road up the mountain in 1928. Work was slow as all work was done with hand tools such as shovels, picks and a wheelbarrow. As it was a private road work had to be done by the men living in the

district. They were Reub and Bill Patch, Bob, Bill, Ossie and George Mulvena, Jack and Bill Axford, George Lowe, Mick Jolley, Ernie Parker, Lawrence Ward, Walter and Dave Buckley, Bill Jones, Fred Lambourne and Patch Family Alf Booker. Wet weather held work up but they toiled on where it took approximately 8 years to complete. It was about six miles long. Later a tip dray and harness and other roadmaking items were purchased at a sale when the Bonalbo railway line was abandoned. Bill Mulvena was the first one to drive his car up the mountain after the road was open to the public. On his way down the mountain he ran over the side of the road. A block and tackle had to be used to get him back on the road. What a great achievement it must have been for the workers for all those years work to see the actual road open. If only they were around today. Late 1920’s Reub felled the scrub by contract at 25/- (2.50) per acre.

Reub remarried Emma Axford. Reub lived to the grand old age of 97, just short of his 98th birthday in 1990. He spent Reub and Jess’s wedding - 13/12/1922 his last of his With Alice Balmer and Bill Patch life in the RSL Home in Ballina after a fall breaking both hips. Reub loved visitors, he would always greet them by saying” Come in and have a certarn (wine) with me”, then they would go fishing. Of course it would be only on “Patch’s Beach”. Ref: Barry and Lorraine Patch, North Casino.

There was great excitement in the household when Reub purchased his first car in 1929. This was a Chev. Reub and Jessie’s children attended Wongavale Public School, usually four at a time on the horse. Mrs Emma Rugg, Reub’s sister acted as midwife for the following births; Alan born at Wongavale, Eileen Axford born at Wards and Jim Axford born at Patch’s. Reub moved to Patch’s Beach where the beautiful beach has been named after him in 1941. His first home was beside the sea and a storm covered all his outside buildings with sand in one particular storm where they still remain covered. Reub was the first man in the area to grow cane particular where Reub Patch there was a lot of sand. Another home was built back further from the sea.

Reub with nephew Jack Patch erecting windmill - 1955 Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 11

Byron Bay Chocolate Co Established in 1985 David O’Conner and his family have built one of the most exciting companies on the far North Coast of NSW. David and his wife Carole love the local area and are third generation Casino locals. The simple beginnings of the company provided the strong foundations and bones necessary for the company to prosper to where it is today. David began by making muesli bars and other such items when he was approached by other local growers to chocolate coat their macadamia nuts and coffee beans. The popularity of these products gave David an idea and he brought his son, Darren O’Conner into the business to further develop and grow the business. Continuing to chocolate coat nuts, berries, and coffee beans, David and his wife Carole soon took on packaging and selling the products themselves when he registered Byron Bay Chocolate Company in 1985. The family owned and run company has refined their own blended chocolate to coat only the best nuts and berries the region has to offer. The original packaging was of a simple nature as labels were printed in an uncomplicated manner. This allowed the company to focus on the quality of the product and to keep their roots of being locally owned and family run. David and Carole are proud to have started something that allows their children to be involved and to secure a future for the following

12 | Heartland Magazine

generations. Son Darren is the factory manager while Renea is the general manager with Sally looking after sales.

This attention to detail and self-belief paid off and over time Byron Bay Chocolate Company grew. Smaller boutique outlets began selling the jarred chocolates and popularity for the highquality treats grew outside of the area. Today there are 15 jarred flavours available and can be found in hotel mini bars and airports as well as smaller supermarkets and food stores. Byron Bay Chocolate Company also produces over 40 products which are bulk sold. They also export to Singapore and New Zealand which is only the beginning of the company’s confident future. Word of mouth has been an important factor in this success story with customers tasting the high-quality product and telling others about their experience. Moving into the future the company continues to expand and create new products with something for everyone’s taste. David has bought property which will allow the company to triple their production for local and overseas markets while lowering costs. Their down to earth approach keeps the company proudly locally owned and run with David and Carole working together with their family to produce some of the best confectionary in the area.

Advertorial

It’s April, which means it’s almost flu season! Why get immunised against influenza? Influenza is a very contagious infection of the airways. It is especially serious for babies, people over 65 years of age and pregnant women. Vaccination is a safe and effective way to protect you from serious disease caused by influenza. By getting vaccinated against influenza, you can also help protect other people, especially people who are too sick or too young to be vaccinated. The more people who are vaccinated in your community, the less likely the disease will spread.

• • •

practise good hygiene practise social distancing understand how to self-isolate if you need to We offer FREE delivery Monday to Friday, simply phone the store on 66621202 to place your order. You can also order your medication online via our app, ‘myPharmacyLink’ available on the App Store (prescriptions must be left on file to use this feature and customers must phone the pharmacy to complete setup). Stay Safe Casino

Who should get immunised against influenza? Anyone who wants to protect themselves against influenza can talk to their doctor or pharmacist about getting immunised. You should get the influenza vaccine every year. This is because the most common strains of the virus that cause influenza change every year. The vaccine also changes every year to match these strains. Influenza immunisation is recommended every year for:

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 6 months and over people aged 6 months to under 5 years people aged 6 months or over who have medical conditions that mean they have a higher risk of getting a serious disease pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy people aged 65 years or over all children over 6 months and all adults women who are planning a pregnancy people who live or work in aged care homes or long-term facilities homeless people, and the people who care for them healthcare workers people who live or work in the same household as someone who is at high risk of serious disease from influenza people who work in early childhood education and care people who work in the chicken or pig industries, if there is an outbreak of bird flu or swine flu people who are travelling overseas.

Where can you get an influenza immunisation? Influenza immunisations are available from your local GP and participating pharmacies. Here at Scrivener & Webb we are proud to offer our in-store vaccination program as Viviana, Trish and Bryan Lee are all qualified vaccinators. Vaccinations will be available Monday to Saturday, bookings are preferred but not essential. To make a booking phone the pharmacy on 66621202. Our Flu vaccinations are expected to arrive mid-April and will be $25, no prescription needed.

We have fully qualified nursing staff at Scrivener and Webb 4 days a week. Angela and Trish. If you have any medical questions come in and see our friendly staff as they would be more than happy to help you. They are specialised in many areas of the pharmacy including but not limited to: • Wound care • Compression stockings • Blood pressure • Blood glucose • Cholesterol • Diabetes Trish Doohan is a Registered Nurse as well as a midwife. She is at Scrivener and Webb Mondays and Thursdays 10-1pm and Saturday 9-12. She is available to answer any questions regarding baby issues plus weighing babies. We are also a registered NDIS Provider.

Don’t forget, we also offer whooping cough vaccinations without a prescription too! With these uncertain times ahead due to COVID-19 there’s a number of things that you can do to help slow the spread of the corona virus in Australia. To protect others, you must: Advertorial

Heartland Magazine | 13

Australia’s First Newspaper

Newspapers have long been a link between the present and the past. They are the physical record of what is happening currently as well as being a printed version of history for future generations. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser was the first newspaper in Australia beginning 1803. It was the only publication in the colony at a time of government censorship until William Wentworth launched The Australian in 1824. The Derwent Star and Van Diemen’s Land Intelligencer was the second newspaper in Australia which was founded in Tasmania in 1810 but ceased publication the same year. In 1838 Victoria had their first newspaper, the Melbourne Advertiser. By the mid 1850’s Tasmania had 11 newspapers with the Tasmanian and Port Dalrymple Advertiser being the first provincial newspaper founded in 1825. Due to ink and paper shortages, newspaper publications were often suspended. Most newspapers consisted off 4 pages and were released one or two days a week. The Sydney Herald was established in 1831, and is the longest running newspaper in Australia, now the Sydney Morning

14 | Heartland Magazine

Herald. It was initially a weekly publication but became a daily paper on the 1st of October 1840. The Daily Telegraph was first published in 1879 and became The Sydney Morning Herald’s main competition. Before the development of Australian railways, regional and rural areas were unable to get a daily newspaper but instead received a weekly paper which summarised an entire weeks worth of news and events. By the end of the 19th century black and white photographs began appearing in newspapers which was very different to the wood engravings previously featured. Newspapers Daily national newspapers were being published in the second part of the 20th century however the first daily national paper was the Daily Commercial News, first published in 1891. By 1924 there were 26 metropolitan dallies which fell to 14 because of amalgamations and closures. Newspapers no longer had to rely on word of mouth for information with developments in communication via telephones and computers. The Australian Financial Review was first published in 1951 as a weekly paper however, since 1963 it became a daily paper. During 1980’s and 1990’s the newspaper industry was changing with colour printing being widely used as well as the advancements in technology with many newspapers putting their publications online. As the internet became more accessible in all areas of Australia, many newspapers closed or amalgamated with many relying on the internet rather than the printed version. Today 15.7 million Australians read newspapers in print or online.

The History of Saddles Humans have been riding horses for thousands of years bare back so it is hard to exactly pinpoint who invented the first saddle or where it originated. It is widely believed that the domestication of horses happened as early as 4000 BC. There is evidence that the Assyrian cavalry were using a padded cloth as a form of a saddle around 700 BC. A rough frame was developed by the Scythians consisting of two parallel leather cushions. The girth then attached to these cushions. The saddle also contained a pommel and a cantle This saddle resembles a saddle from 365AD with leather, bone, or horn facings. It also contained leather thongs, a crupper, and breastplate to keep the saddle in place. Underneath the saddle a felt shabrack was used. This type of saddle has been depicted in stone drawings and have been unearthed in Siberia, dating back to 500-400BC. Saddles were made during the Han dynasty around 200 BC using solid wood frames. Different cultures were coming up with different variation on a saddle design which took into account the terrain and riding conditions. In the 2nd century BC, the first stirrup was invented in India. The stirrup became very important throughout the world for warfare reasons. By 477AD stirrups were widespread throughout China and rapidly spread across Europe. Improvements to the saddle kept developing and through the middle ages such improvements included a higher cantle and pommel.

there being important differences between the Western and European style saddles. François Robinchon de la Guérinère, a French riding master, was influential in the art of classical dressage. Keeping in mind the riders three point seat he helped develop the English saddle to promote this. Fox hunting was a popular riding exercise throughout the 18th century which did fair well with the high cantle and pommel in the previous Saddle from around the 1700’s design of saddles. In the 20th century Captain Frederico Caprilli designed an English saddle with more forward placed flaps, necessary for higher jumps. This became the modern jumping English saddle. The Spanish Conquistadors influenced the western saddle from when the travelled the Americas. These saddles were developed and were better suited to cattle ranchers and cowboys. With the edition of the saddle horn, the ridder was able to tie off the lariat which allowed freedom of their hands to do other things. Although this is a brief historical outline of saddles, there are so many more developments and changes that have been made over time. Today many saddle designers continue to explore new materials and features to make the saddle the most comfortable for the rider and horse.

Saddles were heading in two directions at this time with “When written in Chinese, the word crisis is composed of two characters; one represents danger, and the other represents opportunity.”

- John F. Kennedy

Over this past month, we have lost some beautiful people from our Casino community, with the grief of their families heightened by the restrictions enforced as a result of this Coronavirus. At times like this, our opinions are less helpful than the impositions and safety directives of our leaders. If we all heed the advice and warnings, together we will get through this difficult time.

Heartland Magazine | 15

Harry makes a start

Our windmill and man come to life

Harrys attention to detail are amazing

The Sunset starts to appear

Our office masterpiece is complete

16 | Heartland Magazine

IN OUR OWN BACKYARD We at Heartland have in our office a wall that we have always been an eye sore to us, we have for over 3 years, wanted to do something to this wall that reflected the magazine and what we do. The obvious was to have our first front cover on this wall as it faces the front of our office and everyone walking past or coming in can see it. We spoke to local Signwriter – Harry Armstrong about our plans but lack of time to do this. We showed Harry the front cover of Issue 1 and he quickly said, ‘he would love to do it’. We have seen Harry’s work and his murals around town and the Northern Rivers and jumped at the chance to have him do this work for us. As you can see from the photos, Harry started with a blank canvas and turned it in to a masterpiece.

Everyone that has come into our office has loved it, and people walking past have seen it and come in to find out who did it. We are eternally grateful to Harry for bring our dream to life and giving our office this beautiful artwork which we will never remove. Harry is available for professional signwriting and to do murals on anything, talk to him, tell him what you are after and he will make it happen. This is one man that can create so much interest in a small town and his murals and talent should be used locally, not only for tourists to see but to give the people of the town something to be very proud of. Harry can be contacted on 0427 622 052

E: armstrongsigns@tpg.com.au W: www.armstrongsignsandengravi ngnorthernrivers.com.au Facebook: www.facebook. com/harry.armstrong.12

Issue 1 of Heartland Magazine Heartland Magazine | 17

DOUBLE WEDDING

This story I am about to write all began from me walking into the Heartland shop to see if their latest book was out, when I noticed all the old objects in there. My eyes and thoughts went to the treadle sewing machines, which brought back my life memories of my mother and her sewing. I mentioned she made my sisters and my double wedding outfits and I was asked to write about it. Dedicated to my dear mother, Daphne May Snow (Everingham). She was a descendant of Mathew Everingham, a convict on the First Fleet, arrived in Australia on the ship, Scarborough. Mum was born at Coraki as was her twin sister, Doreen, on the 27th of February 1909, to Edith May (Bale) and Lyndon Everingham, the eldest of fourteen, ten girls and four boys. Mum attended many schools as her father worked on the council, in those times they worked with a pick and shovel. The schools she attended were Coraki, Bungawalbyn, New Italy, Bora Ridge and Cookarrie. It was in 1919 that they moved to Bungawalbyn and the twins were 10yrs old. The Bungawalbyn school was small with only a few students and teachers. The girls had a female teacher at that time who rode a motor bike to school each day which would have been a rarity of the time. She also taught textiles which included sewing and knitting. Traditionally thought of as a female subject the teacher also taught the boys these skills as well. She remembered the mud hut at New Italy and said they were as hard as cement and very cold. Her first school was Coraki, at the time they lived on the other side of the Richmond River and her mother rowed the twins across the river in a rowboat. They were both lucky enough to own a pair of shoes. Mum tells the story of how they both took their shoes off so they wouldn’t get wet. Mum had one shoe in her hand when she put her hand over the boat and touched the water, it got swept out of her hand and sank. It would have been a big loss at that time. Also, while living at Coraki, Mums two aunties (her father’s sisters) would take the twins with them on Sundays and would sit on logs at the Richmond River and teach the Aborigines mothers and children the Bible. The twins were given bird legs to chew on. I presumed they were cooked. Mum taught herself to sew when she was very young. Her mother was very clever at sewing and crocheting. Mum would have made a lot of her own clothes. When the twins were in 18 | Heartland Magazine

their early teens, they went to work on a farm at Alstonville for a family milking and helping with the housework. A short time later they moved to another farm owned by Mr and Mrs Cottee. Mr Cottee would milk 25 cows and when they finished the farm work, they would cut passionfruit in halves and scoop the fruit out with a spoon and put it in a big bathtub. It was to make passion fruit cordial. Mum was the first one to cut the passionfruit for the new flavoured cordial. Later Mr and Mrs Cottee and their two children moved to Bondi Beach in Sydney and took mum with them. The first time mum had been to Sydney, she got very home sick and returned home. Her mother, father and family moved to a share farm outside of Kyogle owned by the Gardner family, known as “Dairydale”. The avenue of camphor laurel trees still standing was planted by her father. They milked 110 cows and fed calves and pigs. After a while work was too much for them. By that time the twins were 17 years old. They then moved to another farm at Ettrick where they didn’t have so many cows to milk. Mum was a very good milker and was still sewing. It was at a dance at Ettrick that mum met dad, Bill Snow. At that time dad lived in a tent near a creek at Ettrick. He cut and carted cordwood for the Ettrick butter factory with his two draught horses. Their kitchen tea was held in the Ettrick Hall. They were married in Kyogle on the 5th of March 1930. Dad bought mum a singer treadle sewing machine for a wedding present to her delight. Dad was married before and lost his wife at childbirth. They had a baby girl named Mavis. Dad was born in Victoria and grew up on a sheep and wheat farm. He was one of 12 children. His mother took Mavis back to Victoria and looked after her. Dad would visit as often as possible. Dad owned a motor car, one that you cranked to start it. Doreen, mums twin sister, met dads brother Fred Snow and they married. This meant the twins both became Mrs Snow which confused people more. Doreen and Fred had 10 children, 5 girls and boys. For mum and dads honeymoon they set off in the car to Victoria for 6 weeks to see Mavis and bring her home. Mum loved her and raised her as her own. They lived in Ettrick and 12 months later, I was born at Kyogle maternity hospital on the 11th of March 1931. Mavis turned 7 on the 10th of March. It was while mum was in hospital with me that dad purchased a farm at Sextonville.

DOUBLE WEDDING

They moved onto the farm, still milking by hand and no electricity. Sixteen months later my sister Jean was born followed by two brothers. Mum was still busy making clothes for us all, plus making dresses for other children in the district. Mavis was always our lovely older sister. Mavis got married when she was 20. I was bridesmaid aged about 14. Mum made the wedding outfits. It was when the 2nd World War was on and you could only buy material with war coupons. Jean and I were very close, doing everything together, going out together. When we were out and about 17 and 18 years old, we were allowed to go to Dyraaba Hall on our own on the bus. A ball was to be held and mum made our first ball frocks. It was at one of the dances that I met Bill Berry. Not long after my sister met Kevin Thompson. He came to the Dyraaba dance o the bus that came from Casino. The four of us often went out together, Bill and I got engaged on my 19th birthday. A few months later Jean and Kevin became engaged.

November 1951, which was Kevin’s 21st birthday. Mum was in her glory; she was going to make all our wedding outfits. We each had two bridesmaids, flower girls and page boys. Mum purchased all the materials from Bodes shop in Kyogle. We never saw any of the material until mum brought it home. My bridesmaids frocks were lemon and mauve. Jean’s was pink and green, and the flower girls were blue. Mum sewed for a few months as well as making the picture hats. The morning of the wedding had arrived. We were to be married at 11 o’clock in the Presbyterian Church Casino. All the girls got dressed at a cousins house in Casino half an hour before we were to leave for the church. The bouquets arrived made of fresh flowers and two little baskets Continued Page 20

With two weddings coming up, we had a talk and decided to have a double wedding. We set the date for about a year later on, the 24th of

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of flowers for the flower girls. All so pretty.

Do you remember?

When we went outside to go to the church there were so many people to see us. Word must have gotten around that there was a double wedding. I think it was the first one in Casino for many years. We all drove to the church in 4 decorated cars. When we arrived, there was so many waiting to see us that the drivers had to clear a track for all of us to get to the church. Jean and I met dad and he escorted us down the isle one on each arm. It was a very pretty wedding with all the different colours. Our reception was held at the Civic Hall Casino with about 200 guests. Bill and I caught the steam train to Sydney. Jean and Kevin travelled to the Gold Coast for their honeymoon. When I arrived home, mum said no wonder everyone was so hot on our wedding day, the temperature was 108 degrees in Casino, and we were in the middle of a drought. Later on, grandchildren arrived, and mum loved sewing and crocheting outfits for them, She also sewed for other weddings. In about the late 50’s, Dads health was failing, and my oldest brother and his wife took over the farm. Mum and Dad moved to Casino and dad passed away in 1971. Mum lived on her own but always loved having plenty of visitors and enjoyed a game of cards. Her elderly mother came to live with her and later passed away also. In her 80’s, mum showed signs of early dementia and came to live with me. She was with me for 4 or so years when she went to Kyogle Court for two weeks respite. She loved it there and was happy to be amongst people and join in activities. A vacancy became available and she wanted to stay. She was still crocheting and as her dementia gradually worsened, she was transferred to The Cedars Nursing Home in Casino where she passed away in her sleep on the 5th of November 2003 aged 94 years old. She was buried in the Casino lawn cemetery alongside dad. Mum was such a kind and gentle woman. She never saw any harm in anyone, and she never talked about anyone.

Getting an ice-cold Coca-Cola from the chest at the General Store.

Beautiful memories When you got a hole in your clothes or shoes or hat, you’d get out your needle and thread and patch it up!

We did crazy things on the swings, and no one told us to stop. 20 | Heartland Magazine

Report it and help stop illegal dumping in your area If rubbish such as household furniture, tyres and building materials dumped on kerbsides or in the bush in your area makes you see red, remember - you can help stop it!

New Community Recycling Stations now available Recycling tricky household waste just got easier with the installation of new Community Recycling Stations by both Richmond Valley and Kyogle Councils in partnership with North East Waste. In Richmond Valley, residents can drop off household batteries, smoke detectors and mobile phones at stations located at two council offices: Casino Administration Office, 10 Graham Place, Casino Evans Head Administration Office, 19-25 Woodburn St, Evans Head

Illegal dumping is a bad look, is very costly to clean up and can be a serious hazard to both the environment and human health. Help stop illegal dumping by using www.ridonline.epa.nsw.gov.au a statewide initiative that enables the public to report illegal dumping incidents. Using your phone or computer, you can report illegal dumping in just a few minutes and a few easy steps. Your report is automatically sent to council so that it can be investigated and cleaned-up as quickly as possible. On the spot fines start at $4,000 or, $15,000 for those illegally transporting or dumping asbestos. To report illegal dumping visit www.ridonline.epa.nsw.gov.au or contact your council. To find out more about the responsible dispose of waste and how to stop illegal dumping visit www.illegaldumping.com.au Supported by the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment.

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In Kyogle, residents can drop off fluoro globes, eye glasses, and ink cartridges as well as household batteries and mobile phones. The stations are located at: Kyogle Public Library, Stratheden St, Kyogle Bonalbo Community Hall, 4 Koreelah St, Bonalbo The stations are a convenient and FREE way to recycle or dispose safely of items, which cannot be placed in household recycling bins and should never be sent to landfill. Batteries in particular, are a problem with an estimated 46 tonnes ending up in landfills across the Northern Rivers every year, where they can cause fires and leach polluting chemicals. Using re-chargables is always the best option for reducing battery waste but when you do need to dispose of batteries, just drop them at your nearest Community Recycling Station for FREE. They will be processed here in Australia and most of the extracted materials are used to make new items such as mobile phones. Batteries, smoke detectors and fluoro globes along with other household problem wastes (up to 20L or 20kgs) including paints, gas bottles, car batteries and oils can also be dropped off for FREE at one of the regions larger Community Recycling Centres located at: Nammoona Waste Facility, Dargaville Drive, Casino Kyogle Waste Facility, Runnymede Road, Kyogle For more information on what can be recycled at your local Community Recycling Centres, contact your council or visit: http://www. newaste.org.au/crc-online.html This project is a NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Waste Less Recycle More initiative.

Yesteryear Jobs Thanks to the developments in technology and infrastructure, many jobs have since become obsolete since the days of yesteryear. Although many of the same sorts of jobs still exist today, the conditions and physical work is very different. The challenges faced in the eras before ours were very different and new solutions have been found in todays world to deal with these issues.

parish who went around the town to collect money off the fathers for illegitimate children. Essentially it was collecting child support for the child’s mother for the care of the child. The Almoner

The night soil cart The night soil cart refers to the collection of human waste from the properties out house. The worker would enter the property through the back lane to access the outhouse and clean out the waste to ensure a fresh outhouse for the following day. The pay for that time was decent but the men were vulnerable in the darkness of night and were often not treated well by general society.

Salvation Army. The Rat Catcher

During the industrial revolution many townships had a severe rat problem. Men were payed a small fee for each rat they caught and presented. They used traps and welltrained dogs but with the invention of rat poisoning in the 1900’s, this service was no longer necessary.

The stay maker A stay maker is another name for a corset maker. The stiffening or boning in these under garments were usually made out of carved whale bone. By the end of WW1 corsets were becoming a thing of the past with women embracing their curves and a bigger frame. Looser types of clothing were becoming more fashionable and a corset maker began making corsets for costumes rather than for general wear. The Town Husband The town husband was a person who was employed by the

22 | Heartland Magazine

An almoner was a chaplain or church officer who would distribute funds, which was raised through the parish, to the needy and poor. It is said to have originated in 1250-1300 and only disappeared in the early 20th century when charities and organisations such as the

The Knocker Upper Before the invention of the alarm clock in the 20th century, people would hire people to come and knock on their windows to wake them up. They would use long wooden or bamboo sticks or a pea shooter system. The knocker upper would not leave until they were sure their client had been woken. Miners houses often had a board embedded into the outside of the house which they would write their shift times on so that they were awoken

at the correct time.

The Town Crier

The Lamp Lighter

“Oyez, oyez, oyez!” A lamp lighter was someone who was responsible to fuel, light and extinguish the streetlamps. It wasn’t until 1904 that electric streetlights were introduced in Sydney. Many of the lamp lighters were also considered to be the town watchmen and would often keep an eye out for criminal activity during the early mornings and late evenings.

Ice man/ice delivery Prior to electronic fridges, someone had to deliver the ice to keep refrigerated goods cool. In Europe, the ice was cut from frozen lakes at great risk to those involved. The first domestic fridge was invented in 1912, with commercial uptake becoming widespread in Australia from the 1950s, making the poor iceman superfluous to our needs.

• Estate Planning • Succession Planning • All Business & Commercial Matters • Conveyancing in NSW & QLD

• • • • • •

This is the call or cry of the town crier, now usually only heard at ceremonials, fetes and local events. It would however have been a common cry on the streets of medieval England. ‘Oyez’ (pronounced ‘oh yay’) comes from the French ouïr (‘to listen’) and means “Hear ye”. The town crier would begin his cry with these words, accompanied by the ringing of a large hand bell to attract attention. It was the job of the crier or bellman to inform the townspeople of the latest news, proclamations, bylaws and any other important information, as at this time most folk were illiterate and could not read. The cry would then end with the words, ‘God save the King’ or ‘God save the Queen’. Having read out his message, the town crier would then attach it to the door post of the local inn, so ‘posting a notice’, the reason why newspapers are often called ‘The Post’.

Employment Industrial Company Land & Environment Local Government Partnerships

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Criminal Mediation Deceased Estates Work, Health & Safety Testamentary Trusts Liquor Licencing

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Bob Worling - In Profile Kibbles Bakery has been a corner stone of Casino for many years with residents enjoying the service and refreshments for as long as they can remember. Many drop in or pass by the bakery daily, carrying on their normal routines but know very little about the man behind the pink lettering that that adorns the shop in the middle of Walker Street. Bob Worling was born on the 21st of February 1936. His parents Joe Worling and Ruby Tims gave birth to twins that day with Bob arriving first. Bob was 1 of 5 boys and grew up in Lismore attending South Lismore Primary School and Lismore High School, leaving when he was 14 years old. At this time Bob worked until he was able to gain an apprenticeship in motor mechanics at the age of 15yrs. Bob had a strong work ethic and a keen sense to learn as much as possible to upskill his knowledge and abilities which successfully allowed him to become an authorised inspection mechanic for car registrations at the age of 23yrs old. At this time the Wakely Bros were highly successful in the bakery business and had one of the most modern and up to date bakeries in NSW, located in Lismore. Throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s Wakely Bros was the largest country manufacturer in NSW selling 100 000 loaves of bread per week with 94 employees on the payroll. The business expanded rapidly, and Bob worked in the garage on the delivery vehicles. It was a busy time in Bob’s life as he was married with 2 children, as well as attending night school to study accounting, 3 nights a week. Bob had a mind and interest for numbers and studied accounting to gain a better understanding of business and the most efficient way to run a company’s finances.

which had a changed formulation from Vogel’s. Bob sold Wakely Bros, Grafton and Richmond Bakery in 1997 but bought back Richmond Bakery and has continued to operate the Walker Street premises ever since. He has found the right people to work within the bakery and never expects his employees to do a job that he isn’t prepared to do himself. The industry was changing, and supermarkets were beginning to include, in-store bakeries. Before this change happened, Richmond Bakery was suppling the supermarkets with fresh bread. On a particular Easter Thursday, Richmond Bakery supplied Casino Woolworths with 1000 dozen of hot cross buns. Bob Worling has reached great success throughout his life and was blessed with a career that financially allowed him to pursue his love of speedway and racing modified sedans. Bob has won 3 Australian titles in 1986, 1992 and 1994. He took out 2nd place in 1993 and attributes his success to Danny Smith. Bob enjoys the opportunity to push himself and uses his travels with the speedway to push himself and the connect with new and different people all around Australia. He has made very strong friendships and pushes limits with his eye for detail, interpreting rules to enhance his racing ability. For 40years he has been involved in Speedway and only stopped driving when he was 72yrs of age.

Wakely Bros bakeries went into mass production of bread which further expanded the company. In the early 70’s Bob was opposed to become a country member of the Bread Manufacturing Association but later became the President and was instrumental in gaining better award rates that were fairer for the bigger and smaller players in the industry. Throughout this time there was a lot of restrictions and regulations for New South Wales bakeries, in relation to working hours and pay. Queensland had no regulations and with Lismore and surrounds being so close to the border it became increasingly difficult to compete. Bob encouraged workers to join the union however the move didn’t solve the issue and new solutions had to be put in place. Bob’s time as the accountant and manager for Wakely Bros, saw his involvement in an enquiry and having to appear in court in Murwillumbah and Sydney. Being a country boy Bob felt free to speak his mind which often challenged others and the protocols of the meetings. Long time supporter, friend and colleague, Trevor Hattersly had a motor bike accident and was no longer able to continue working. With someone needing to take on his position Bob bought Richmond Bakery as well as the Grafton premises. At this time of his career, his loyalty was tested and so was his passion to push forward and progress with his career. At this time the population was becoming more health conscious and Vogel’s bread was increasingly popular with consumers. This saw the innervation of Vigour bread which swept the Far North Coast 24 | Heartland Magazine

Bob pictured second from left

Bob was secretary of Lismore Automobile Club but when the opportunity came along to begin a Lismore Speedway club Bob embraced the opportunity and in 2019 the club celebrated 50 years of operation. The 50 years of Lismore Speedway celebration incorporated a 50-lap race which his son, Greg won. This was a special occasion and a proud moment for Bob as he saw the meaning of his achievements and his part in creating a legacy for the future generations of young speedway enthusiasts. Bob has never done anything by halves and has always tried to use his intelligence and intuition in business, racing and life. He comes from a generation that maintained a strong work ethic and makes no apologies for his success. He feels blessed to have had such a rich experience in life and continues to make everyday count. He values the people he has worked alongside and his family and friends he has made along the way. Casino as a town and a community would not be the same without Kibbles bakery and Bob Worling’s contribution to the community.

Rural Financial Counselling Service 2020 has been a challenging year for everyone so far, with so many farmers and regional businesses effected by the drought and its flow on effects. Small businesses have suffered economically with some having to downsize and re structure. Many are worried and about the coming months and what their options are to survive this difficult time. There is not only help available but hope for the future through the exciting new developments from the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Prior to the last election, The Minister for Agriculture, Drought and Emergency Management, David Littleproud has announced The Drought Communities Small Business

Support Program. The department will be funding 22 positions Australia wide to assist Drought effected small businesses who have been affected by the drought. With Northern NSW being so badly affected by the drought, 3 counsellors have been appointed and will be based in Casino, Inverell and Tamworth. Paula Hilliard will be working with Rural Financial Counselling Service in Casino along with Bill Colless in Inverell and Sandy Stanford in Tamworth. Paula, Bill and Sandy are currently training in Casino to ensure they are fully equipped with the skills and tools required to best help these businesses. Their services will help small businesses understand their financial position and help assess options to assist them so that small business owners will be better equipped to make those critical decisions required to assess their future. With these uncertain times this support has come at a good time and aims to help as many as possible in our local communities. Through this support the whole community will benefit and small businesses will be able to confidently continue to operate into the future.

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“Celebrated the world over for its natural beauty and many attractions” Mt Hay Luxury Retreat Unique, private and ultra-exclusive, Mt Hay Retreat is a boutique escape that is, quite simply, second to none. Located only 2 hours from Sydney and 2.5 hours from Canberra, overlooking the rural idyll that is Berry village on the NSW South Coast.

Each also has a generous private deck with feature outdoor bath, individual private gardens, and of course those incredible views that stretch uninterrupted across the landscaped grounds and nearby countryside of Berry all the way to the sparkling ocean on the horizon.

With only 5 individual suites in total, each is filled with natural light and has been designed as your own private escape. Dominated by breathtaking views and offering a secluded and peaceful sanctuary well away from the cares and complexities of contemporary life, it is still only minutes from the heart of world famous Berry Village.

Our expansive suites are refined and spacious, luxuriously understated and finished to the highest of possible standards. With expansive living areas and an intuitive design that encourages seamless indoor/outdoor living with floor to ceiling glass doors that glide away to bring the enormous vista that dominates every suite right into your living room. 26 | Heartland Magazine

Celebrated the world over for its natural beauty and many attractions, the NSW South Coast is alive with possibility. Under ten minutes to the heart of village life, Berry is a town like no other. Combining timeless country charm with contemporary culture, explore Berry to discover a vibrant cafe scene, boutique shopping experiences and exceptional restaurants, excellent local wineries and with the grand sweeping sands, rock pools and bushland of awe-inspiring Seven Mile Beach National Park right on our door step there is plenty to do. If staying in one spot is your utopia then Mt Hay has plenty to offer. Our unrivalled facilities will make you want to stay here and just be! There is a 33m heated indoor pool and spa, a giant chess set, established fruit trees, hidden

Croker Realty Croker Realty has a fresh approach to the real estate market and provides a personalised service which instills confidence and trust within their clients. David and Lynda have taken their interest in real estate and local knowledge and established Croker Realty. Having their full licence in both Queensland and New South Wales the couple buy and sell residential, rural and commercial properties. David and Lynda are proud locals to the Kyogle region and enjoy showcasing the beauty and the quality facilities that are available in the area.

glades, tranquil dams, secluded picnic spots, hungry Koi to feed and our sky scraping “Cloud Swing” to enjoy all accompanied by the warmest of welcomes and hospitality. Serenely set on 360 acres against the majestic backdrop of Broughton Head, this magnificent property is family owned and operated and is also a working farm embraced by native bushland, lush green pastures and beautiful gardens.

Having sold their café in Kyogle in 2008, the couple sought to have a different way of life and to have a business on top of their farm. Real estate was the natural progression and took full advantage of David and Lynda’s passions and skill sets. Croker Realty takes the time with their clients to have a perfect understanding of their needs while creating a relationship built on trust and confidence. Lynda enjoys treating clients from other areas on a small tour to allow them to get a firsthand feel for the area and the opportunity to appreciate the lifestyle on offer in the Northern Rivers region. David and Lynda feel blessed to be able to assist people with their real estate needs and take pride in finding the right property for the right person. Their clients become close friends long after the business has been completed with the couple often keeping in touch to reassure their clients are happy for the long term. Their service takes clients through the whole process and includes free appraisals. Croker Realty is different to other business as their approach is to first connect with the people before connecting them to their properties.

Mt Hay Retreat really is an award winning lifestyle destination of rare distinction, and a hidden gem in the heart of some of the most beautiful scenery that NSW has to offer! All you have to do is arrive, relax and enjoy this truly stunning spot in privacy and peaceful seclusion. Mt Hay Retreat is exclusively for guests aged 18 and over. www.mthay.com.au

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L to R; Bessie, Joe, Nell, Sam, Margaret, Ben, Jack, George and Fred taken on the day of the funeral of their mother on 18 October 1950

The Dockrill Children Throughout the marriage between William and Ellen Dockrill, the couple had 9 children, 6 sons and 3 daughters. Ben and John (Jack) were twins and were the first born at Tallarook, a year before their sister Elizabeth. Ben operated a farm a mile from Margaret Villa when he moved there with his wife Marie just after their wedding. The couple had 2 children Ken and Betty and continued to live at the property until Ben’s death in 1960. The property was passed on to Marie who operated the property with Ken’s help who then lived in Alstonville. Marie passed away in 1974 and so the farm was then passed onto Ken and Betty. Betty lived in Sydney, so Ken carried on running the property. The farm was sold in the mid 1970’s. On the 7th of May 1917, Jack enlisted in the Army and was sent as a reinforcement to the 6th Light Horse. He served in Egypt and Palestine after sailing from Melbourne on the Commonwealth on the 2nd of November 1917. He returned to Australia embarking on the return trip on the 17th of July 1919. Struggling to settle back at home he married and moved to Beaudesert. He farmed there for some years before joining the staff of the NSW Tick Board where he worked until his retirement at Mallanganee in the mid 1950’s. Taking up bowls he joined the Casino club before moving to Lismore where he lived and played bowls until he died in 1965. Elizabeth became a nurse and worked at Mullumbimby and Inverell before moving to Sydney and trained at the Royal Women’s Hospital, receiving her Certificate of Obstetrics 28 | Heartland Magazine

on the 16th of December 1929. After several years in Sydney Elizabeth returned to Mullumbimby to continue her nursing. She married and moved to her husband’s property in Clovass which was close by to Margaret Villa. Later she moved to Casino where she was a very active member of the community, playing the organ of St Marks Church of England for over 40 years. Her home in Casino was the gathering point for many family occasions and holidays such as Christmas and Easter. Elizabeth died in 1981. William (Fred) was born in Casino and tried to join the Army during WW1 when he was 16 yrs old. His father William wouldn’t give permission however Fred was able to join the following year, 17th of July 1915, by his own choice. He joined the 31st Battalion and on the 9th of November 1915 he sailed from Melbourne on the Wandilla. He was used a snipper in France and was captured shortly after he turned 18 at the Battle of Menin Road Belgium on the 26th of September 1917. He was sent to a Prisoner of War camp in Germany but was exchanged in 1918 due to health reasons. He was interned at Chateau d’Oer in Switzerland. Before returning to Australia Fred went to England and Ireland and visited Dockrills department store in Dublin. On the 16th of June 1919 he returned to Clovass and wrote articles about his wartime experiences for the Richmond River Express. Fred moved to Sydney and worked as a tram driver until his retirement in the early 1950’s. His time in Sydney was most enjoyable and he loved sharing Sydney with family visitors from the country. After improved health conditions, Fred returned to full time work as a Court Attendant and Tipstaff to judge, Rex Chambers J. He was also a Member of Sydney Show Ground as well as the

Sydney Cricket Ground. Fred died in Sydney in 1966. Margaret was born in Casino and remained there until she was married at All Saints, Clovass, where she was also baptised and confirmed. Her husband worked for the Justice Department which meant the couple moved around New South Wales before returning to Casino in 1948 when he was stationed there. Before finding a house in Casino, Margaret and her husband stayed at Margaret Villa for several months. During this time two of their children attended Clovass School. The couple moved to Casino and rented the same house Margaret Dockrill lived in after she moved from Clovass. Soon after they bought a house opposite Elizabeth before leaving Casino in 1962 to live in Sydney until her death in 1973. Joseph was born in North Casino and moved from home to a farm at One Tree Hill, owned by his future father in law, George Saville. After his marriage he bought a farm at Mckee’s Hill. Joe and his family lived there until the early 1950’s when they moved to a farm at Numulgi. After a short time, the farm was sold and Joe, his wife and their two sons moved to Lismore. Following the family moved to Sydney and established a successful TV repair business. The mid 1960’s saw Joe leave the business and work for ATN Channel 7 and ABN channel 2 in Sydney. Joe died in 1967. George was born in Beville and helped his father while also living at Margaret Villa until he was married. Following his marriage, George built a house 300meters form Margaret Villa and continued to help his father, William with the property. George’s wife passed away in 1948 and his young son, Bruce moved back to Margaret Villa. The house he had built was taken to Casino where it remains today. Throughout his time in Casino George was a Mason, a member of the Casino Bowling Club as well as being a member of Rotary. He enjoyed his travels over to the UK, Europe and Ireland participating in organised bus tour groups. George bought Margaret Villa from his mother’s estate at the time of her death and lived there until his passing in 1969. Ellen was born in Clovass and like her sister Elizabeth became a nurse. She moved to Sydney to train and lived there for many years. Ellen married her first husband Jim McVane who passed away. She married a second time to Edwin Winter in 1950. Like her first husband Edwin was a bank officer and managed branches of the Bank of NSW. In 1966 the couple moved to Nadi, Fiji and returned to Australia in 1969. After moving to Sydney, they retired in the mid 1980’s. After her husbands death, Ellen sold her home in Sydney and moved to Tamworth in 1991 where her daughter Jean was living. She lived in Tamworth until her passing in 2005.

I thought it might be a good idea to touch on a few points to be considered when purchasing a farm or a rural residential block that is not connected to town services. Without going into all matters extensively, the following bullet points are some of things you should consider when buying that farm or rural block: •

• • • •

•

• •

Boundaries -- are the boundaries easily identified and are they fully fenced? If not then it is imperative that the boundary to the block be identified correctly. The one true way to do this is to obtain a survey certificate. Access -- Does the land have a legal access? Is the access from a main road, a crown road or via an easement creating a right of way. Electricity supply -- is this connected? If not, then connection costs should be considered when calculating funds required. Flood -- Is the land flood affected and how will this impact if you intend to build? Rates -- for farmland – additional rates are paid being Local Land Services (cane farms being exempt). Unlike Council rates, these rates cover the period from 1 January to 31 December each year. With vacant land -- can a dwelling be constructed? This is one of the most important questions to be asked Does the land have a dwelling entitlement. The best way to find this out is to obtain a dwelling entitlement search from the local Council. Water -- where does the water come from? Is there a water licence required to gain access to water? On-site Sewerage Management System (OSMS) or (Septic System) -- Does it comply with Council regulations? Council conduct random inspections and if there is work to be carried out then the owner of the property is responsible to rectify the OSMS. It is always recommended that a purchaser obtain an inspection by Council prior to purchasing.

The above points are only some of the matters to be considered when purchasing the farm or rural block. For assistance when purchasing that farm or rural residential block please contact Maureen McDonald Conveyancing.

Sam was also born in Clovass and was the youngest of the children. He was the only one to attend high school, completing his intermediate certificate. After he completed his schooling, Sam joined the National Bank of Australasia in Casino. On the 18th of June 1942 he joined the RAAF and served Australia and in the islands to the north. Sam was discharged from the RAAF on the 10th of April 1946 with the rank of Sergeant in the 24th Squadron. He returned to the bank and after many years work became a manager before being transferred to Sydney in 1960 where he lived until his passing in 1972.

Heartland Magazine | 29

Casino Medical Centre

Margaret Hannah Olley

Casino Medical Centre is a country practice with a difference. Established in 1967 it was originally a dentists and doctors’ practice. Today Casino Medical Centre has five doctors who are all highly qualified and have the best interests of the local community at heart. Dr Jurriaan Beek has been with the practice for 40 years, since 1980. Many in Casino and sur-rounds know and appreciate his work and his calming nature and unique rapport with people. He has delivered countless babies in the area and watched generations grow up and become parents themselves. As well as being a GP obstetrician Dr Beek also practices general medicine and goes above and beyond for his patients’ well-being. Dr Adam Wilson has been with the practice for 23 years and has built valuable relationships with his patients and the local com-munity. Dr Muhamad Menon arrived 2 years ago, and has recently been joined by the youngest members of the team: Dr Noah Verderio who wishes to work as a GP obstetrician, and Dr Sally Ryan who brings among other attributes, a woman’s perspective. Casino Medical Centre has a dedicated Manager, receptionists, an RN Donna Mison, and works closely with allied health professionals such as a mental health nurse, a dietician, and an exercise physiologist, and any other service a patient may need. The team at Casino Medical Centre offers the highest quality of health care. The reception staff provide a friendly service and offer as much information as possible to help each patient. The centre caters for the needs of all patients and provides a comfortable waiting-room; the convenient location in Canterbury Street offers plenty of parking. Casino Medical Centre understands and appreciates what it means to live in our beautiful Northern Rivers area and is dedicated to ensuring that a visit to 144 Canterbury Street is a re-warding experience.

Dr Jurriaan Beek OAM BSc., MSc., MBBS (UNSW) DRANZCOG, FACRRUM 226963L Dr Muhamad Menon MBChB (OTAGO, N.Z.) 2654206Y Dr Noah Verderio B.Med (Newcastle) DRANZCOG Adv. 482379KF

Dr Adam Wilson MBBS (Syd.), Dip. Paed. (UNSW) FRACGP, FACRRM 0280799F Dr Sally Ryan B.Med (UNE) 5080415F

Australian artist, Margaret Olley, spent her life recreating the beauty she saw in the world using her brushes and paint on canvas. Her work has help shape the Australian art scene and has also given credibility to Australian art on the world stage. On the 24th of June 1923, Joseph Olley and Grace (Temperly) gave birth to their daughter Margaret Hannah Olley. Born in Lismore, the family were living at this time on selected land at Horseshoe Creek near Kyogle. While the Olley family were pioneers in the Lismore region, the Temperly family owned the Richmond River Times during the 1880’s. In 1925 the Olley family moved to Tully hoping to profit off the sugar cane growing rush. They acquired a piece of land which was better cleared closer to town and began to farm sugar cane. Margaret had a sister and a brother. Elaine was born in 1925 and Ken was born in 1927. 1931 saw the family move again to Tygalgah where they had purchased a sugar cane farm.

Margaret’s childhood was typical of the time with her and her siblings crossing the Tweed River in a rowboat to catch the school bus. The family grew all their own fruit and vegetables and made preserves as well as raising chickens to collect eggs. At school Margaret loved art and took mentoring from her Aunt Mary who often would visit the family. In 1935 the farm was sold, and the family moved to Brisbane before returning to Tully later on. Margaret remained in Brisbane to attend Somerville House where her artistic talents were noticed by her art teacher in secondary school. Caroline Barker was able to convince Margaret’s parents to allow her to attend an art school to further her studies. In 1941 Margaret attended Brisbane Central Technical College before moving to Sydney in 1943 to complete a diploma course at East Sydney Technical College, graduating with A-class honours in 1945. After graduating Margaret was heavily involved in the Sydney post war art scene which was huge at the time including artists such as William Dobell, Russell Drysdale and Sidney Nolan to name a few. In 1948 Margaret held her first solo exhibition at

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Macquarie Galleries which was the same year William Dobell painted the Archibald Prize-winning portrait of Margaret. In 1949 Margaret travelled overseas and spent time in France, Spain, Lisbon, Venice, Brittany and London. Margaret returned to Brisbane in 1953 when her father passed away and spent the next ten years painting at her mother’s home, designing theatre sets, holding exhibitions and designing murals. Margaret travelled with Donald Friend through North Queensland, Papua New Guinea and Magnetic Island in the 1950’s. She exhibited her work back at Macquarie Galleries to mixed reviews in 1955. By 1959 Margaret had given up alcohol and saw a massive rise in her success and popularity. Her commercial success allowed her to invest in properties in Sydney and Newcastle. In 1962 Margaret bought her first home in Paddington and renovated it before buying a property in Duxford Street Paddington which became the base for Margaret and her partner Sam Hughes in between their overseas travels. 1982 was a particularly difficult year with Sam passing as well as Margaret’s mother, Grace. The Duxford property became Margaret’s permanent home as she continued to renovate the adjoining hat factory, making it her living space and studio. Margaret continued to travel Asia, Europe and America, attending galleries and exhibitions while visiting friends. She established the Margaret Olley Art Trust in 1990 which was set up to acquire art for public collections. Margaret held over 90 exhibitions in her lifetime and was appointed Officer Order of Australia (AO) in 1991, and awarded Life Governor of the AGNSW in 1997. The AGNSW named the Margaret Olley, Twentieth Century European Gallery in her honour in 2001. She was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 2006.

At Beek & Gallagher Legal we believe in access to justice. We know the legal system can be overwhelming for the everyday person, so our goal is to help our clients understand and navigate the legal process with confidence. We believe in transparency and open communication. We will listen to your unique situation and provide honest feedback and cost-effective advice while helping you understand your rights and obligations. Our primary practice areas are Family Law, including parenting and property matters, Wills and Estates, Administrative Law and Employment Law. Legal Aid clients are also welcome. We are a local law firm with our principal solicitor Emma Gallagher (nee) Beek, having grown up in Casino and graduating from Casino High School; The Australian National University and Southern Cross University. The other members of our legal team are solicitors, Patrick Gallagher and Jacob Dhesi and our legal assistant and receptionist Natasha Rhodes. Emma has a special interest in Employment Law and Family Law. Emma’s parents are long term residents of Casino with her father being Dr Jurriaan Beek, a local GP and her mother Maree Beek the Manager of Casino Medical Centre; individuals who have dedicated their professional careers to meeting the health needs of the Casino community and surrounding areas. Emma’s husband Patrick Gallagher has lived in the Northern Rivers for many years although originally hails from Rochdale near Manchester in Northern England. Patrick has a special interest in Family Law and graduated from The University of Newcastle and Southern Cross University. Jacob Dhesi is from the Northern Rivers, having grown up in the Lismore area and graduated from Lismore High School and Griffith University. Jacob’s family run Pirlo’s Fruit Barn and his grandparents operated the Bexhill store for many years and are much loved by the local community. Jacob has a special interest in Administrative Law and Wills and Estates. Jacob speaks fluent Punjabi. Natasha Rhodes is also from the Northern Rivers having graduated from Kadina High School and is herself interested in studying law. Natasha prides herself on clear and open communication with clients. At Beek & Gallagher Legal we believe in open communication and understand that behind every legal matter is a personal story. We show compassion and understanding for all our clients and believe that our relationship with you is important. When you call Beek & Gallagher you will get to speak to a solicitor. Due to COVID-19 we are now working predominantly from home. We are asking our clients to make phone and/or Skype appointments with us to mitigate the risk of spreading the virus. Our offices are located at 612 Ballina Road, Goonellabah, our phone number is 6624 1200 and our opening hours are from 9am – 5pm Monday to Friday. We look forward to hearing from you. Emma and Patrick Gallagher

Margaret was awarded Honorary Doctorates from Macquarie University, the University of Sydney, the University of Newcastle, the University of Queensland, Southern Cross University, Lismore and Griffith University, Brisbane. Margaret Olley opened Stage II of the Tweed River Art Gallery in Murwillumbah in 2006. In April 2011 artist Ben Quilty won the 2011 Archibald Prize with his enigmatic portrait of Margaret. Margaret continued to paint, despite her deteriorating health in her last years, and had completed a new body of work for an exhibition at Philip Bacon Galleries when she passed away on 26 July 2011 at her home. Heartland Magazine | 31

Avonside Alpine Estate Set in the most exquisite country-side not only in Australia but the world, Avonside Alpine Estate at 1200m is situated in the incredible Snowy River region providing some of the most breath taking views on the planet. This farm stay experience is like no other and guarantees to provide guests with a get away they will never forget. It was after many years of overseas living and travel, Jacquie and Oliver decided along with their two boys that it was time for a tree change and to come back to Australia to create a truly unique lifestyle not only for themselves but their potential guests. Oliver has relished the concept of, off the grid living and decided to incorporate this vision into the families next venture. Returning to Australia from Singapore the family came back to Jindabyne. At the age of 51 Oliver decided it was time to begin on his and Jacquie’s retirement plan which was to establish a farm stay property the pair could work on together while sharing their incredible location with others. Their main focus was on eco-tourism with the ethos of sustainability in mind at all times when creating the farm stay property. With a lot of experience of their own with staying at paid accommodation properties, the couple knew what their potential guests would appreciate when it came to design and comfortability. Oliver and Jacquie built two incredible 32 | Heartland Magazine

cabins which surpass other accommodation options in the area. Stylised in a modern Scandinavian style with an Australian touch, these two and three bedroom cabins are luxurious in feel and are 100% off the grid using solar technology. The property uses worms to compost waste and has a generator which is can be run of on bio diesel which is can made onsite using used cooking oil from local eateries. It is the perfect way to experience and learn about these sustainable methods of living with Oliver and Jacquie only too happy to share their knowledge and experience with a discussion about the property with their guests. The couple demonstrate that it is possible to have a sustainable household without making sacrifices to the things you want. Avonside Alpine Estate grows their own seasonal vegetables as well as collecting eggs from their own 400 chickens. Guests are able to experience farm life with tours and hands on participation when it comes to feeding the animals and harvesting the different crops. The farm has a large saffron crop which in now will soon be harvested in the current harvesting phase as well as planting 400 truffle trees (potentially the country’s highest plantation) and a garlic garden with 3 varieties (Monaro,

and Mt Kosciuszko overlooking the area. After a long day out and about or a relaxing day in enjoying the cabin accommodation and alpine views, Oliver and Jacquie can organise a local chef to prepare a meal and delivery it hot, taking the hassle out of cooking or going out for food.

Italian and Russian). Oliver and Jacquie also have Highland Cattle on the property and guests are invited to get closer to these beautiful animals and experience how cute these teddy bear cattle are. Avonside Alpine Estate is involved in a breeding program which is aiming to produce a hornless (polled) variety of Highland Cattle. There are many other local experiences to explore close by the property in the region and Oliver and Jacquie have a pet stay option so guests can leave their pets at the property while they are away.

Avonside Alpine Estate is the prefect base to enjoy the Jindabyne and Snowy Mountain region with so many other activities and attractions in the area. The mountains provide the perfect skiing and mountain biking terrain and endless trout fishing opportunities at the lakes in the area. It’s an excellent area to escape the city stresses and enjoy the outdoors and the fresh mountain air. Oliver and Jacquie have truly created sustainable slice of heaven and welcome guests with open arms and an open heart. The couple feel blessed to be able to live in such an incredible area and relish the opportunity to share their property and farm with travellers and guests who can also appreciate beautiful surroundings and sustainable off the grid living.

Winter bookings are very popular with the ski fields close by

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Australian Drive-Ins

At one point in the 1900’s, Australia had 330 drive-in theatres. Lunar drive-in is Australia’s largest and oldest drive-in located at Dandenong Victoria. Lunar drive-in was opened on the 4th of May 1956 and had a 634 car capacity. It closed in 1984 but re opened on the 19th of September 2002. The drive-in now has 4 screens and can have up to 950 cars at any one time. Many drive-in theatres closed because the real estate became too valuable with many drive-in sights becoming shopping malls and housing sights. Through time drive-in theatres have regained popularity with Rodeo drive-in, Mareeba, reopening in 2002 and Tivoli drive-in at Ipswich reopening in 2008. Many that have reopened have also expanded and have 3 or 4 screen and switched to digital technology.

Since 1938 there have been out-door cinemas in Western Australia, but Australia’s first Skyline drive-in was established in Melbourne on the 18th of February 1954. New South Wales saw the first Skyline drive-in open in Frenches Forest and Dundas on the 24th of October 1956. By November Bass Hill opened their drive-in which catered for 724 cars and operated up until 2007 when it was closed. A $200,000 drivein was opened in Newcastle in December 1956 and lasted until 1985. For 30 years North Ryde Skyline drive-in operated and accommodated 620 cars. The early 60’s saw Blacktown and Tamworth open drive-ins along with Heddon Greta which is still operating today. It was closed between 1984 and 1996 but has since reopened with a capacity of 676 cars.

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Drive-in culture was once a popular social pass time and at their peak were often a gathering place for groups of friends or a date night with that special someone. In todays world drive-in theatres are enjoyed by families with many parents using the experience to share with their children memories of a different time.

How The Other Half Lives And Beyond Of the many photos said to have “changed the world,” there are those that simply haven’t (stunning though they may be), those that sort of have, and then those that truly have.

A young girl, holding a baby, sits in a doorway next to a garbage can. Circa 1890

The photos that sort of changed the world likely did so in as much as they made us all feel something. The photos that truly changed the world in a practical, measurable way did so because they made enough of us do something.

And few photos truly changed the world like those of Jacob Riis. The New York City to which the poor young Jacob Riis immigrated from Denmark in 1870 was a city booming beyond belief. In the three decades leading up to his arrival, the city’s population, driven relentlessly upward by intense immigration, had more than tripled. Over the next three decades, it would nearly quadruple. Unsurprisingly, the city couldn’t seamlessly take in so many new residents all at once. Equally unsurprisingly, those that were left on the fringes to fight for whatever scraps of a living they could were the city’s poor immigrants. Street children sleep near a grate for warmth on Mulberry Street. Circa 18901895.

Confined to crowded, disease-ridden neighbourhoods filled with ramshackle tenements that might house 12 adults in a room that was 13 feet across, New York’s immigrant poor lived a life of struggle — but a struggle confined to the slums and thus hidden from the wider public eye. Jacob Riis changed all that. Working as a police reporter for the NewYork Tribune and unsatisfied with the extent to which he could capture thecity’s slums with words, Riis eventually found that photography was the tool he needed.

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Starting in the 1880s, Riis ventured into the New York that few were paying attention to and documented its harsh realities for all to see. By 1890, he was able to publish his historic photo collection whose title perfectly captured just how revelatory his work would prove to be: How the Other Half Lives. A startling look at a world hard to fathom for those not doomed to it, How the Other Half Lives featured photos of New York’s immigrant poor and the tenements, sweatshops, streets, docks, dumps, and factories that they called home in stark detail. And as arresting as these images were, their true legacy doesn’t lie in their aesthetic power or their documentary value, but instead in their ability to actually effect change. “I have read your book, and I have come to help,” thenNew York Police Commissioners board member Theodore Roosevelt famously told Riis in 1894. And Roosevelt was true to his word. Though not the only official to take up the cause that Jacob Riis had brought to light, Roosevelt was especially active in addressing the treatment of the poor. As a city official and later as state governor and vice president of the nation, Roosevelt had some of New York’s worst tenements torn down and created a commission to ensure that ones that unlovable would not be built again. With this new government department in place as well as Jacob Riis and his band of citizen reformers pitching in, new construction went up, streets were cleaned, windows were carved into existing buildings, Inside an English family’s home on West 28th parks and playgrounds Street. 1889. were created, substandard homeless shelters were shuttered, and on and on and on. While New York’s tenement problem certainly didn’t end there and while we can’t attribute all of the reforms above to Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives, few works of photography have had such a clear-cut impact on the world. It’s little surprise that Roosevelt once said that he was tempted to call Riis “the best American I ever knew.”

Mother’s Day Carnations

Mother’s Day Each year the second Sunday in May is set aside for the women who gave us life and brought us into the world. Mother’s Day was created by Anna Jarvis in 1905 in honour of her own mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, who died the same year. Her life inspired her daughter to set a day which honoured not only her own mother’s achievements and work but for all the mothers in the world who contribute so much to the world.

Anne Reeves

Ann Reeves Jarvis was born in 1832 in Culpeper Virginia. In 1850, she married Granville Jarvis, the son of a Baptist minister, who became a successful merchant in nearby Taylor County. It was a terrible time for living conditions and Ann and Granville had a very hard time raising a family. Ann had around 13 children of which only 4 survived to adulthood. Many children were dying from terrible diseases which could have been prevented with better living conditions. Having had experienced such extreme loss and suffering, Ann dedicated her life to help educate other families and worked toward better sanitary conditions. She was also involved in the development of milk inspections before the government made them mandatory. Ann’s work grew and other women were becoming involved in the mission to not only improve living conditions but to also promote peace and unity within the community. During the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865, Ann and her groups of mothers altered their mission. The women tended to wounded soldiers from both the Union and Confederate sides as well as supporting the soldier’s families. This continued after the war when Ann successfully held the first “Mother’s Friendship Day” at Taylor County Courthouse in Pruntytown in 1868. In 1864 Ann and her family moved to Grafton where Granville was an innkeeper and land speculator. Ann was involved in the Methodist Church, speaking and holding Sunday School. In 1902 her husband Granville passed away. Ann moved to Philadelphia to be with her remaining children. Her daughter Anna took on the caretaker role and cared for her mother in her later years until her death on the 8th of May 1905. On the first anniversary of Ann’s death, her daughter Anna spoke with friends about having a memorial service to honour her mother the following year. In 1907 a small private service was held with a larger scale service held in 1908 at Andrews Methodist Church. In the following years recognition for the holiday was gained in other states as well as overseas.

Anne Reeves Jarvis 38 | Heartland Magazine

In 1914 President Woodrow Wilson signed a congressional resolution officially making the second Sunday in May the national Mother’s Day. Today we celebrate Mothers for all they do and the sacrifices they have made for their families and communities. Ann Reeves Jarvis was an incredible woman and her work will always be appreciated and remembered.

Mother’s Day is a special day for most families with the opportunity to spoil mum and make her feel appreciated for her continual work, love and support. Since the first Mother’s Day celebration was held, the carnation flower has been the traditional flower associated with the day. This tradition stems from the Mother’s Day service held in 1908 at the Andrews Methodist Church, Grafton West Virginia. Ann Reeves Jarvis’s daughter, Anna sent 500 white carnations to be given to the mothers, in thanks of their work. It is believed today that white carnations are to remember deceased mothers and pink carnations are to celebrate the mothers that are still with us. Red carnations can also be given on Mother’s Day. Darker red varieties mean a deep love and affection and suitable for partners to give their wife or partner on Mother’s Day. A lighter red colour gives the meaning of admiration and friendship. Carnations do not loose their petals but rather hold their petals to their heart as they die much like a mother’s love.

Heartland Profile of the Month Sylvia Somerville Sylvia Somerville was born in Lismore to parents Hilda (nee Gibbs) and Stan Somerville. She was 1 of 4 brothers, Norman, Bert, Vic and Bob. Until the age of 5yrs old she lived at Goolmangar before her parents purchased the Bruton Homestead and moved there. Sylvia attended Casino Public School and learnt ballet and tap from teacher Vera Hancock until the age of 9 years old. Her mother Casino Public School asked her if she would like to learn the piano and began to teach her how to read music and the correlating notes on the keyboard. Sylvia attended lessons with teacher, Olive Murphy who lived in Hotham Street Casino. Her mother would go in with Sylvia while her father would read the newspaper in the car using the Anna Richard, Felicity Atkins,Robert Rickard and Bob interior light. While attending Casino High School, Sylvia continued her piano journey and sat for her piano exams completing 7th grade in piano. She competed at Lismore and Grafton eisteddfods, winning the best sight reader in Grafton. Sylvia use to play “The old grey Mare, she’s not what she used to be” for the students to march to the rooms for their lessons.

Sylvia and her brother Bob

Sylvia completed the Intermediate Certificate and left school at 14yrs and 9 months to start work as a secretary at the auctioneer’s office for Alexander Barnes in Walker Street. She began playing at country dances, kitchen teas, parties and weddings from the age of 15 years old, playing the piano at almost every hall far and wide. Competing in Amateur Hour at the civic Hall, Sylvia gained a lot of praise and accolades winning the instrumental section of the competition.

After working for Alexander and Barnes, Sylvia worked for 7 and a half years for Ron Barnes and Kevin Clark, when they amalgamated. In later years she worked casually for George and Fuhrmann auctioneers.

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In 1964 Sylvia married Russell Nowlan at the Anglican Church in Casino. The couple then went to live at Spring Grove where they ran a dairy farm for a few years before going into beef cattle and about 800 pigs. Sylvia and Russell had 4 children Neil, Alan, Anna (Tindall) and Katy (Lane). The family has grown considerably throughout the years with 13 Grandchildren and 2 Great Grandchildren. Throughout Sylvia’s time in the area she has played Bert, Norman, Hilda Somerville at hundreds of events and and Anna Gibbs parties and has been the organist at the Anglican Church since 1989, 31 years. Sylvia made her own Debut at the Anglican Ball held at the Civic Hall before being a maid for 3 years after. She enjoyed the experiences and has been instrumental in keeping the tradition alive for many years down the track. She has played for many Debutant Balls and their practices and after 15 years took on the role of training the participants with help from some wonderful friends. For 25 years Sylvia has driven from the farm every Sunday Russell Somerville Kids Neil, night to attend the practices Alan, Anna and Katy at the Casino RSM, with the money from the balls going to great causes such as Cedars, Jumbunna, St Michaels and Richmond Lodge. For the last 5 years the Debutant Ball has been held at the Anglican Hall. Sylvia has also performed at Cavalcade which ran for 3 nights at the Civic Hall. She was the first to play the grand piano which is now at the community centre. One of the segments was called “The Story of Three Loves” which was performed with Vera Debutant Ball Foley (Hancock), John Mulherin, and Linley Jones with Sylvia playing the piano. Sylvia purchased keyboards and had numerous drummers and eventually formed a two-piece band 21 years ago with Josh Fussell, now with Rick Delooge called the “Diamond Duo”. The duo plays at many country dances and clubs throughout the district. Sylvia has been the pianist for St Marks Singers for approximately 30 years, holding two concerts a year and donating the money raised to charities. Sylvia played for the Casino Coral Society male chorus, conducted by Col Winter for 3 years. For the past 28 years Sylvia has played for the Hospital Auxiliary morning teas

with the choir and soloists coming to her home to practice. With the 3 concerts a year held, St Patrick’s Day, Mother’s Day and Christmas Day, a lot of money has been raised over the years for the local Hospital. Sylvia has always been heavily involved with the community and was a part of the Floral Festival for many years. Her fund-raising efforts for local charities and community groups has seen her become a life-time member of Casino Show Society. She was also a part of a small committee that started the Carols by Candlelight at Colley Park. Sylvia has played at Coraki, Woodburn, Bentley and Casino Carols events and appreciates her husband Russell for handling her equipment and helping her set up for these events. In 2011 Sylvia had 5 months of chemotherapy treatment in Brisbane for multiple myeloma and in early 2012 had a stem cell transplant which was a terrible experience, however with the support of her family, friends and the community Sylvia came through the other side. Her friends and family are a priority in her life seeing Sylvia being a Bridesmaid and Matron of Honour at 7 weddings. 5 being in Casino, 1 in Lismore and 1 in Byron Bay. Sylvia’s passion for music and the local community has been the centre of her life to date. She enjoys her family time as well as her 1951 Morris Minor which she takes to Beef Week and the Show and Shine Parade. Christmas time is a special time of year for Sylvia and her family as they enjoy decorating their house in Johnston Street with spectacular lights, winning the

Sylvia at the Casino Show 1955 Heartland Magazine | 41

Heartland Tribute to Sylvia

competition one year. As well as being a member of Spring Grove Progress Association, Sylvia joined the Music with Friends group 3 years ago and has learnt to play the ukulele and the banjo. The group meets the 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month at the Uniting Hall and holds two concerts a year. Sylvia Somerville is a breath of fresh air and her youthful fresh presence radiates positivity throughout the community. Her generosity of spirit continues to benefit the community through her fundraising and her performances bringing people together to share in the joy of music.

Sylvia and Jan Joslin catching the train to Byron Bay

Casino Show

21st Birthday at Fairy Hill Hall

With brother Bob Dancing

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Cavalcade Performance Veera Hancock, John Mulherin, Linley Jones and Sylvia

Wedding Day

Sylvia and piano teacher Olive Murphy

Floral Festival

1951 Morris Minor Beef Week and Show and Shine Parade Floral Festival Heartland Magazine | 43

CASINO HIGH SCHOOL HISTORY FIRST SCHOOL WAS A SLAB HUT A slab-walled, bark-roofed humpy on the bank of the Richmond River near the present Irving Bridge was opened in 1857 as Casino’s first school. The opening of the private school caused great excitement in the little settlement. Long before other districts began applying for schools to the National Board of Education, Casino had established one. Soon after this private school began in Casino a movement towards the establishment of a “National” school was begun. During 1860 a number of applications were made to the National Board of Education indicating that more than two hundred pounds had been raised for a new school building and a further application in 1861 confirmed that a school was already operating in Casino under teacher Mr. W. Dixon, with 21 girl and 19 boy pupils, and that it was operating in a 22 feet by 11 feet room. This application was granted in March 1861. The first National School was officially opened in Casino with Mr. William Dixon as Headmaster and a new school building was erected in 1862. By 1877 enrolment at the new school had grown to 82 and it became obvious that a new building was necessary. Four years later in 1881 the school Casino National School c. 1920’s enrolment had reached 155 children but it was not until December 1883 that a new building was completed. By 1921 further new classrooms were erected as the school population had risen to over 400 and there were 9 teachers on the staff.

Casino Intermediate High School, 1929

Casino Intermediate High School c. 1929

New secondary classes were completed in 1929 for the new Intermediate High School. It was not until 1945 that Casino High School was established, when the Primary & Secondary Departments were separated, although both remained on the same site.

In 1963 construction of a new High School campus began on 22 acres of land on Queensland Road once belonging to the 44 | Heartland Magazine

Crittenden family. Teachers and students occupied the new school premises from the beginning of 1965, with an enrolment of 776, 412 boys and 364 girls, a staff of 43 teachers and 10 other employees.

Casino High School 1965

For the ensuing fifty-five years Casino High School, ‘the school on the hill’, has been successful meeting the educational and vocational needs of the local community. Today the school has an enrolment of 652 students, with a teaching staff of 70 and 35 administration and support staff, who provide a diverse, inclusive and vibrant place of learning. A tour of the school will show many facilities that are essential for contemporary secondary schooling. The comprehensive curriculum of academic Casino High School currently and vocational subjects is delivered in recently refurbished classrooms and science laboratories, specialist Arts, Drama and Music rooms. Classrooms, equipped with interactive whiteboards and computers, are complemented by the Senior Learning Centre, coordinated by a full-time teacher and incorporated in the Library. Centres for Hospitality and Trade Training provide industrial-standard facilities for students studying VET courses. Strategically located within the school grounds are covered outdoor learning areas as well as expansive sporting fields. At the northern end of the school grounds is the LEAP support unit, a vibrant hub of three classrooms enhanced by outdoor activity areas and gardens. Looking ahead, the re-construction of Block B is now well underway with a new Canteen, new Toilets Facilities and a gym for PE classes, sports team coaching and individual fitness training. Recent government grants will enable the Canteen to install a commercial oven to provide healthy, hot lunches each day for students; to complete an outdoor community meeting and learning area; and to place outdoor water stations in the playgrounds. [historical information from archives compiled by Mrs Daphne O’Reilley]

Eucumbene Trout Farm

spend with family and even makes a nice day out with friends.

The world is changing so fast and with so much pressure and worry, Eucumbene Trout Farm is the perfect way to get out of the cities and relax and escape the harsh realities of the world’s current situation.

The Lakeview Cottage is the perfect accommodation to share with family and friends and comfortably sleeps 5 people in its 50 square meter area. The cottage features a kitchenette, 2 bedrooms, a dinning area and a gas log fireplace. The views are stunning and guests are provided with fishing equipment so they are able to catch some trout in the lake and cook it at the cottage.

Eucumbene Trout Farm has a long history reaching back to 1846 when Scottish Immigrant William Jardine established a land holding near Round Plain, naming it Bullenbalong. The Craig family commenced construction on Eucumbene Trout Farm in 1973, building the main dam named “Stony Lake”. A hatchery was developed and floating cages were added to the lake to grow the trout. A flood in the December of 1980 damaged the cages which prompted the construction of small tanks and buildings to house the fingerlings. In 1988 John and Margaret Crago purchased the property and carried out major landscaping making the farm a popular regional destination. In 2012 Karen and Peter Cottrell bought the property and worked hard to return the farm to its former glory as it hadn’t been operating in the 3 years prior. The couple spent money on restocking the fish as well as improving on the support infrastructure. Their investment has paid off with tourists and locals once again enjoying Eucumbene Trout Farm. The farm offers a “Lake to plate” experience with guests being given the opportunity to fish in the 6 hectare “Stony Lake”. Equipment such as reels, rods and nets are provided ensuring the high quality of the lake and fish are maintained. It is the perfect place for experienced and learner fisherman to come and practice their skills with the opportunity to enjoy their catch on the premises or later at home. After the guests catch their fish they present their fish to the kitchen staff where they will clean and cost the fish based on their weight. There are BBQ’s provided for those guests who wish to cook their fish straight away. There is a choice to get a seasoning wrapped into the fish as well as the option to add chips and a green salad. It’s the best way to 46 | Heartland Magazine

The Tickled Trout Café is open between 10 am and 3pm and is famous for their alpaca burgers and pies as well as their freshly cooked trout. Their smoked trout received the gold medal in the 2019 Sydney Fine Food Awards and their trout mousse received a bronze medal. The high quality of their products continues to progress and is amongst the best in the country. Karen and Peter also offer tours to guests, touching on topics such as food conversion ratio for trout, water recycling on the farm, the water licence, farm diversification, farm operation and the new equipment. While enjoying the natural wildlife around the farm tour guests will also see the trout grow out tanks, the biofiltration dam and the impressively beautiful Stony Lake. Eucumbene Trout Farm is very active on reducing their impact they have on the environment and water ways. Moving into the future, Peter and Karen are always looking at solutions and ways to improve their impact, continually endeavouring to learn as much as possible. Eucumbene Trout Farm is the perfect escape from the city and a place for visitors to come and enjoy the wide open spaces and environmentally friendly farming at its best.

TAMWORTH HISTORY BRIDGES OVER THE PEEL With our latest bridge construction at Jewry Street progressing towards completion (fingers crossed!), it could be timely to look at the history of early bridges across the Peel. We’d have to go back 201 years for the first European bridge over the Peel River. This was constructed on September 2, 1818 by convicts in John Oxley’s expedition, cutting down a suitable tree to span the river, enabling the party of 16 to cross over to their proposed campsite. This would have been located directly down to the river from where Oxley’s Anchor is now situated on the Manilla Road. Patrick Byrne, one of the convict party, unwisely decided to ride his horse across the strongly flowing stream, instead of leading it over from the tree bridge, which almost resulted in his drowning. With the arrival of the Australian Agricultural Company in 1834, trees would have also been used for the crossing of Goonoo Goonoo Creek, where the original A sketch of the 1861 Dray Bridge - our first traffic bridge. channel flowed parallel to Ebsworth Street. Later, an 1853 AA Co. map shows a footbridge across Goonoo Goonoo Creek near the current corner of Bridge and Ebsworth Streets. By 1856 this footbridge and two subsequent replacements had been washed away. In 1857 a bridge was constructed over the Peel near Darling Street, but a big flood later that year saw a huge log coming downstream lead to the new bridge’s disintegration. With a replacement pedestrian bridge being required, the talent of young William Dowel came to the fore later in 1857 with the construction of a suspension bridge, a little upstream from the current main traffic bridge. Reputed at the time to be the youngest bridge builder in Australia at 24-y-o, Dowel set about constructing what was claimed to be the first suspension bridge erected in the colony. The suspension chains and other materials were obtained by AA Co. Superintendent P.G. King from a vessel wrecked at Port Stephens. Dowel’s contract stated he would only be paid if the bridge proved both safe and floodproof. With no flood forthcoming, Dowel levied an illegal one shilling toll to enable him to fund the remainder of the construction. This proved to be a very profitable enterprise, being not uncommon for the day’s takings to reach 10 pounds. On one occasion 200 Chinese travelling north to the Rocky River goldfields each paid a one shilling toll to cross the bridge. However, eventually Moonbi landholder An excerpt from John Oxley’s 1818 expedition journal. Dr John 48 | Heartland Magazine

Maunder Gill, who needed to cross the river regularly to his Ebsworth Street practice, objected to the illegal toll. He brought Constables Dwyer and Pellisier with the latter’s bulldog to confront the tollkeeper, which eventually managed to force a free passage. Imagine if our current Peel River Bridge was made a toll-bridge - how many people would This aerial photo shows the 2-lane Iron Bridge turn up with their still in use, shortly before the 1965 opening of bulldogs? This the adjacent current 4-lane traffic bridge. toll breakthrough eventually led to the local Commissioner-for-CrownLands overlooking the “floodproof ” clause, and granting payment for the bridge construction to William Dowel. The enterprising Dowel went on to construct many fine buildings that still stand in Tamworth today, including Tamworth Public School, Tamworth West Public School, St Nicholas Church, St Johns Church, the Dominican Convent (now Regional Conservatorium of Music), etc. Our first (horse/bullock) traffic bridge, commonly known as the Dray Bridge, was completed in 1861, between the Suspension Bridge and today’s main motor traffic bridge. Upon completion it was realised that no provision had been made for approaches or footpaths. In 1864 and again in 1874 the north-eastern approach was washed away by floods. Generally speaking, this wooden bridge was not a success and by about 1880 the decking was too rotten to stand the weight of laden wheat wagons. Earlier in 1861 the Cockburn Bridge, later known as the Paradise Bridge, was completed. By 1881 this bridge had become unsafe, being replaced by a second bridge at that location which lasted for 113 years, being completely redecked in 1968. The third and current Paradise Bridge (a one lane concrete structure) was opened in 1994. Following the demise of the timber Dray Bridge, a new Peel River Iron Bridge was completed in 1882, a little further downstream. The new bridge was 90m long and 6.4m wide with a single 1.5m footpath on the upstream side. This bridge stood the test of time and was still in use right up until the opening of the adjacent current main bridge in August 1965 (I was there!). Co-incidentally, the same year our first traffic lights were switched on at Treloars Corner. Tests made during 1970 showed that the daily crossings of the new concrete bridge was in the order of 27 500 - a lot more these days I bet! The first Jewry Street Bridge was a timber construction, completed around 1923. Succeeding floods weakened the bridge to such an extent it was deemed unsafe in 1968. Pending the construction of its 1971 replacement, a temporary low level concrete causeway was built about 150m downstream. So now we await the opening of the third Jewry Street Bridge, sorely needed to

TAMWORTH HISTORY cope with the peak-hour flow of Taminda traffic. Other reasonably modern additions to the array of Peel River bridges have been the Footbridge at the extension of Fitzroy Street, and the 1993 George Fielder Bridge, as part of the Scott’s Road/Highway bypass. Who knows what the situation will be in a hundred years’ time? Perhaps with accelerating Climate Change we won’t have any need for bridges over empty rivers. (Woops! I’m bordering on politics again!). THE STREETS OF TAMWORTH Before the coming of Europeans, Gomeroi aboriginal trails would have proliferated around today’s Tamworth, linking the rivers and creeks, ceremonial sites, campsites, stone quarries, grinding sites, etc. These would have included the significant Daruka - Moore Creek area where there was much remaining evidence of aboriginal activity. Many of our current streets have indigenous names, including Morilla (rocky ridge), Yarral (rocks / gravel), Bandalong (junction), Byamee (creator), Edgeroy (creek), Minnamurra (plenty fish) and Goonoo Goonoo (plenty good water) to name a few.

A section of the 1874 Plan of Tamworth, showing parts of East & West Tamworth.

Prior to Thomas Mitchell’s 1849 Town Plan, which set out our first streets east of the river, those travelling further north from the Hunter Valley would mostly have come through Currabubula Gap, following the laneway between Goonoo Goonoo and Bubbogullion (Bective) Stations, which was virtually the highway of the time. The track would have passed through today’s Coledale area to the main rivercrossing which varied over the years from around today’s Jewry Street to Darling Street. The latter eventually became the main crossing place before we had any permanent horse and bullock traffic bridges. As mentioned in a previous article (please don’t tell me you missed it!), today’s Peel Street then became a natural thoroughfare upon crossing the river to travel further north through Nemingha, etc.

Valley in 1831, 13 years after his predecessor John Oxley. Still in his same government role in 1849, Mitchell employed Assistant-Surveyor John Gorman to do the groundwork for our first Town Plan. Mitchell then set about naming the 19 original streets, bounded by Upper Street, Lower Street (Kable Avenue), East Street and North Street. Gorman Street was originally where the Police Paddock was later located (now Jack Woolaston Oval), so the present Gorman Street had been relocated. Mitchell’s son Roderick was then Commissioner for Crown Lands in Tamworth, hence Roderick Street. Mitchell’s 1831 deputy George Boyle White got a mention with White Street and Mitchell’s English benefactor George Murray, who assisted him in getting the job in NSW, was also recognised with Murray Street. Parallel streets running north-east from Peel Street were named after previous NSW Governors (William) Bligh, (Maurice) O’Connell, (Lachlan) Macquarie, (Ralph) Darling, (Richard) Bourke, (Thomas) Brisbane and (Charles) Fitzroy. Mitchell’s interest in military history was reflected through (Roman General) Marius and (Roman adversary) Carthage. He had planned Marius and Darling Streets to be the main roadways, both with double-width, so the centre of his CBD would have been the roundabout where these two streets intersect, near Radio Station 88.9 FM. By 1851 the AA Company had finally been granted its Land Title Deeds, enabling it to sell off land in West Tamworth, beginning with the area between today’s Ebsworth, Gipps, Church and Bridge Streets. Hotels, stores and a small brewery soon sprang up along Ebsworth Street, named after the AA Company’s long-serving book-keeper. The track from the first AA Co. HQ at Killala, through to eventually Ebsworth Street, would have been the main roadway in West Tamworth, along which many of their original 200 convict workforce would have been housed. Eventually, with the rationalising of the West and East Town divide, in 1938 Council thought it necessary to change the names of 3 streets in West Tamworth that were duplications of those existing east of the river. Peel Street became Bridge, Fitzroy Street became Crown and Hill Street became Mathews. Later, in 1957 in East Tamworth, Lower Street was renamed Kable Avenue to honour the long-serving Town Clerk Vincent Guy Kable. Perhaps, if we wait long enough, Upper Street might be renamed Barnaby Boulevard (???). Many streets in the Hillvue/South Tamworth area are named after family members of the original landholders - Hymans (e.g. Robert, Diane, Jean, etc) and Missens (e.g. Kathleen, Margaret, Vera, etc). In what was originally the Tamworth Aerodrome in the Taminda area, appropriately we have street names such as Avro, Wirraway, Anson, etc. The Powers That Be (who are they?) didn’t always get it right, with some mis-spellings - e.g. Degance (William Dignance - blacksmith), Dowell (William Dowel - builder) and Phillip (Philip Gidley King - Mayor). As new subdivisions open up, public consultation should take place on new street names - like perhaps Cashman Cutting or Mike’s Meander. Couldn’t be any worse than Drop Bear Lane!

Today the closer Tamworth District has almost 600 streets, but come 1849 we had a mere 19 named streets in the Government Town east of the river, with the western side being controlled by the Australian Agricultural Company property (Goonoo Goonoo) since 1834. The NSW Surveyor General Thomas Mitchell had passed through the Peel Heartland Magazine | 49

Australias Oldest Buildings

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Brisbane

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Brisbane’s oldest building is The Old Windmill in Observatory Park, built by convicts in 1828. The building was originally used to process wheat and corn crops for the Moreton Bay penal settlement, and had a treadmill that could be used when there was no wind, as well as a technique to punish the convicts. Today, the windmill serves as a tourist attraction.

Melbourne

The oldest building in Melbourne is St James’ Old Cathedral, which was completed in 1839. The foundation was laid by Charles La Trobe, superintendent of the District of Port Philip. The oldest church building in Australia, it still functions as an Anglican church.

Adelaide

It is difficult to verify the oldest building in Adelaide, but most signs point to Holy Trinity Church, which was constructed in 1838. The church opened in August of that year, within two years of the settlement of Adelaide. Made mostly of bricks, it quickly became a landmark due to its “peaked cap” top tower design and Vulliamy clock. It still operates as a church today. Perth

Fridays.

The oldest building in Perth is Old Court House, completed in 1836. When it was first built, it stood close to the original shoreline of the Swan River. Today it stands next to the Supreme Court, and has lost its shoreline position. It no longer operates as a court, but is open to visit on Wednesdays, Thursdays and

Darwin

Government House is the oldest building in Darwin. Built between 1870 and 1871, it is the office and official residence of the administrator of the Northern Territory. It is an example of mid-Victorian Gothic architecture, adapted for the local climate by the addition of shaded verandahs and porches. It is still used for its original purpose today. Canberra

Canberra’s oldest building is Blundells Cottage, a six-room stone cottage on the northern shore of Lake Burley Griffin. The cottage was built by George P. Campbell in about 1858 for his ploughman William Ginn. The building is significant, as it is one of the few stone buildings of its type to have survived in ACT. It currently serves as a public museum.

Increasingly inefficient and failed erosion control methods have a detrimental impact to the land and environment. The costs for repairs and maintenance of these failed erosion methods, all directly affect the cost, wellbeing and profit of people, livestock, wildlife, equipment, and the environment. Until recently, farmers, landowners and property managers have had limited choices for controlling erosion and sediment containment that is permeable and environmentally friendly. The only two cost effective options were Rip Rap (stones) or a solid concrete slab. Australian Concrete Mats manufacture a product that is engineered as an effective alternative that makes stabilising slopes and protecting waterways easy. The erosion control mat has concrete shapes embedded into polypropylene geogrid, allowing vegetation to grow through the mat. The vegetation growth helps anchor the mat to the soil, while also offering filtration of fine silt particles from entering the waterways. The mat is flexible and can be cut so it can be laid around trees, or existing structures such as fences, pipes or culverts. Concrete mats are supplied in rolls, that are easy to handle and quick to install, using equipment many farmers and land managers already have on their property. Once put in place, they can be simply unrolled into position, and they start working right away. It’s easy to maintain because vehicles can drive over the hard stand surface and you can mow over it with a tractor slasher or mower. This innovative mat offers permanent stabilisation for water edges, dams, creeks and low water access areas, water channels and gully’s and anywhere that ground stabilisation is required, or erosion could present an issue on the landscape. The mat offers a very cost effective and simple method for permeable erosion control and ground stabilisation for farmers, property managers and landowners, plus it supports the environment.

For more information telephone 0480 234 521 or visit www.ConcreteMats.com.au Australias Oldest Buildings continued page 57 Advertorial 50 | Heartland Magazine

Laurence Richards and Family by Cheryl Timbury

either returned to New South Wales or sailed direct to England.

Private Marine Laurence Richards from Tiverton Devon, and his pregnant wife Mary, boarded the Prince of Wales for their voyage to Sydney Cove. Son Samuel was born on 9 October 1787 five days out from the ship’s arrival at the Cape of Good Hope. At Port Jackson, Richards was amongst a number of Marines who served in the detachment of Captain John Shea. In 1791 he decided to become a settler, sailing to Norfolk Island by Atlantic in October 1791 with Mary, Samuel and a second son William. On the Island, Richards took up a 60 acre grant at Cascade Stream, and by 1792 he was selling provisions to the stores. A year later he returned to Port Jackson, enlisted in the New South Wales Corps, and received 25 acres at Mulgrave Place, sharing a 200 acre grant with seven others. Then in March 1800, because of a double tour of duty he received a grant of 60 acres at Bankstown. In the meantime Mary was kept busy bearing seven children in the colony from 1790 to 1807. Samuel Richards, the child born on the voyage was aged 12 years when he joined the NSW Corps in 1800, followed by his younger brother William in 1808. On 24 April 1810 with their father Laurence they transferred to the 73rd Regiment. When the 73rd was transferred to Ceylon in 1814, Samuel and William went with the first detachment on the Earl Spencer that departed 21 January 1814. Samuel and possibly William were stationed at Kandy Ceylon in December 1815. Laurence followed his two sons to Ceylon aboard the third vessel Windham, departing 14 April 1814. He was still there in December 1815. At the end of this tour of duty, he

Artist impression of Private Laurence Richards with two of his eight children (Phillip Lock)

Harris; total service 35 years.

The UK Royal Hospital Regimental Registers, Chelsea 1713-1882 and UK Royal Hospital Chelsea Pensioner Admissions and Discharges 17151925 records on 9 August 1816, one Private Lawrence Richards Weaver from Tiverton Devon. It notes he was 58, born about 1758 Tiverton Devon of 73rd Foot Lord (William)

It is highly probable that the burial on 24 October 1834, registered in the Anglican Parish of Tiverton Devon, is First Fleeter Lawrence Richards aged 75, birth year 1759.

Richmond - Upper Clarence Regional Library App Free to download • Digital library card • Search the catalogue and reserve items • Renew your items • Scan any book’s barcode to see if we hold a copy • Access our eLibrary • Manage multiple accounts

Search for “Richmond-Upper Clarence RL” on Google Play or the App Store. Login with your Library Card and birthdate. Phone 666 00 250 for more information.

52 | Heartland Magazine

Australian Alpaca Industry – a local perspective

beneficial where there are extremes in temperature and where adverse weather conditions persist. Many alpacas prefer not to enter a fully enclosed shelter, so some producers use a two- or three-sided structure or have walls that do not reach the full height of the shelter. A roof with good overhang provides protection against driving rain that is often received across the Northern Rivers during the summer season. Alpacas require similar fencing to sheep, preferably without barbed wire, as although they are generally respectful of fencing, they may catch their fleece on barbed wire and remove tufts of fibre. Strong perimeter fencing should be considered if dog attacks are likely in the area, as although they can provide a good defence against a solitary predator such as a fox, dogs in groups (wild or domesticated) will persist in their attack, usually against an animal they have separated from the herd.

Alpacas were imported to Australia in the late 1980’s and are now farmed successfully across the country, with a number of breeders located in the Northern Rivers, Northern Tablelands and surrounding areas. Alpacas are economical to manage and suit a number of lifestyles with many breeders starting their herd by owning a couple as pets or as herd guards for sheep, goats or poultry flocks. They are easy on the environment, with a soft padded foot and a grazing habit that is gentle on pasture. They require access to fresh, clean water, drinking as much as four litres per day, however this will vary depending on the type of pasture or supplementary feed available. Alpacas prefer shorter pasture and do well on native pastures and pasture suitable for sheep such as grasses, clover and legumes. They should have access to pasture at all times, but in seasons where feed is limited, they can be supplemented with good quality hay and different grains such as lupins, oats or barley. Highly toxic plants such as oleander, lantana and bracken fern must be avoided.

Trees and bushes can be used to provide shade in summer and protection from rain and wind, while sheds or shelters can be 54 | Heartland Magazine

There are two breed types, each carrying a different style of fleece, and both are prized for their soft, warm, light, fine and lustrous quality. The Huacaya alpaca carries ‘sheep-like’ fleece which grows at right angles to the body. It exhibits crimp across each fibre and has obvious staple definition. Suri alpacas carry a silky, locking fleece that moves freely, yet hangs close to the body giving the animal a flat-sided appearance. The fleece hangs in a centre part along the backline with independent locks that form close to the skin. In both breeds the quality of the fleece can vary on older animals, with breeding females directing nutritional intake towards producing and nurturing cria. The Huacaya is the more common breed type, representing up to 95% of the alpaca herd.

comfortable to wear and use at any time of year. Many local producers value-add to their fibre by having it processed into yarn and various products, and this elite fibre is also very popular with home spinners, weavers and felters, who produce top quality unique products. The Australian Alpaca Association is the peak industry body for the alpaca industry in Australia. There is an active group of members spread across south Queensland and Northern NSW, and they usually hold a number of events and activities throughout the year, providing an opportunity for anyone to learn more about these unique animals and the local industry. If you would like to find out more about alpacas, or are interested in purchasing fleece, yarn or product, you can find details of local breeders in the Breeders Directory located on the regions website www.qldnsw.alpaca.asn.au . You can also request an information kit, and follow their Facebook page @qldnsw.alpaca.

The average height of a fully grown alpaca is 90 - 95cms at the withers (on the backline at the base of the neck), and their weight is between 60 – 90 kgs. Regular handling and interaction with the herd will have a positive impact on temperament, and they are intelligent and easily adapt to a regular routine. Due to their smaller size, alpacas do not require significant investment in infrastructure for husbandry and herd management, although some producers have purpose-built pens and yards they use to catch and handle their alpacas in when required. The main husbandry tasks include toenail trimming, vaccinations, parasite management (which may necessitate drenching) and shearing.

Shearing is done yearly, with most producers shearing in spring. The fleece is supersoft, with a luxurious handle and range of natural colours from white, through fawns and browns, to greys and true ‘blue’ black. Alpaca fleece is manufactured into clothing, blankets, doonas pillows and even carpet. Products made from alpaca fibre are perfect for our climate, as they are lightweight yet warm, making them Heartland Magazine | 55

MACLEAN HISTORY TALOUMBI The Government Gazette of June 19, 1850 had an entry about the Taloumbi Run. This had been taken up by Thomas Ryan, an area of approximately 18,000 acres with a grazing capacity at the time of 500 cattle. It was described as covering the area on the south side of the Clarence River, covering parts of the Parishes of Taloumbi, Gulmarrad, Tyndale and Carroulum and bounded on the North side by the boundary of the Settled area of the Clarence River, with a line “distant two miles from the bank of the river, on the West by the boundary of said settled district, being a line distant two miles that river to its intersection with Shark Creek; on the South by the south boundary of the Parish of GULLMURRUD(sic), being a line It was bought from the Smalls by the Waugh family who at that time owned areas out near Walgett and Moree in the 1880’s. Sheep came to the property in 1902, when drought in the western holding near Moree forced agistment to be found at Taloumbi. Large flocks were agisted for periods and in later times a small flock was kept on the station until the 1960’s, when an area of the station was sold. These sheep were a mixed lot, but were gradually bred up until it was found that the Cheviot sheep were the best suited to the area and although dingoes were a major problem, a flock of these were kept for quite some time at the home station. “Bearing East to the settled district being 3 miles reserve from the coast; on the East by the same 3 miles reserve from the coast.” This was the area of the country running from Yamba in the north to the Bookram Lakes in the south and west to near Maclean and to Shark Creek. Thomas Ryan, formerly of Waterview station held it for only a few years, when it came into the hands of the Small family, pioneers of the Lower Clarence who owned a station on Woodford Island.

A school was set up on Taloumbi Station in 1891 subsidised by the government to replace a private governess employed by the Waugh family. Miss F. McLean was the first tutor, staying until 1893. This was sometimes called Taloumbi and at other times Gulmarrad, while in 1869 an application was received to open a school on the north bank of Palmers Channel and call it Taloumbi. An article in The Clarence River Advocate of 2nd May 1905 tells: “I see a mistake in the report in the late show school section. Several of the successful competitors were down as being from Taloumbi School. It should be Gulmarrad or Beach Road School. Taloumbi School is at Palmers Channel.” Gulmarrad School was opened as a public school in 1904 on land formerly owned by the Waugh family, after much lobbying by the residents of the area, used to having the school on Taloumbi Station and a small building was erected on a site made available and with funds from the Department of Education at the time. It was without lining or ceiling to begin with, but these were added soon after. A teacher’s residence was planned but as most preferred to live in Maclean this became unnecessary. By March 1906, there was an enrolment of 33 children. The school called Taloumbi on Palmers Channel was made a public school in 1872 and continued when an area of ground was purchased and a new school erected. The name was changed to Palmers Channel in 1907, probably as the confusion with names was a problem. This school was closed in the early 1970’s.

The name was also given to the Parish area, which encompassed the entire Palmers Island, Micalo and the area encompassing Maclean right up to the South Arm of the river. This area was designated as the Parish of Taloumbi by W. C. B. Wilson, when surveying the Clarence in 1841. In “Maclean, the First Fifty Years”, E. H. McSwan tells us that Taloumbi was mentioned in his remarks noted on the map: “the species …called Taloumbi is of excellent quality, some of which weigh upwards of sixty pounds.” (This is understood to have been the popular jewfish species) The area from Townsend to the Taloumbi Station was often recognised as Taloumbi, but further complication arose when it came to school naming.

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Taloumbi (or Gulmarrad) School circa 1910. 56 | Heartland Magazine

Located in the heart of Maclean’s CBD next to award-winning bowls club Tse’s Chinese open 7 days for lunch and dinner Room charge facilities available at the Club’s bar and restaurant Barefoot Bowls packages and stay and play bowls packages available

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MACLEAN HISTORY The confusion was further compounded by the name of one of the first hotels on Palmers Island, built for Mr J. Ross in the late 1850’s-1860. After his death in 1874, his wife took over until it was sold to Henry Sheather. In turn after Sheather’s death, his wife was the licensee until it was advertised for sale in 1884 as a 14 roomed hotel “in excellent order, with billiard room, stables, outhouses, garden and orchard and kitchen.” The hotel buildings were later (1901) moved to Maclean and in 1920 after a flood, the area: “where the Taloumbi Hotel was in the old days, is now deep water, the erosion being at least a chain and a half.” (The Daily Examiner 11th February However, the area from Townsend, on the outskirts of Maclean and the present Taloumbi Station is what is generally known today as the Taloumbi region, encompassing the growing “suburbs” of Townsend and Gulmarrad, both showing a population boom in the last 10-15 years.

Taloumbi (or Gulmarrad) School circa 1910. TALOUMBI FAMILIES Some of the early families associated with the Taloumbi area are: Plater, Nicholson, Casson, Shannon, Tabor, Towell, Sheehan, Hanna, Armstrong, Wilkins and Durrington- as well as the afore mentioned Waugh family of Taloumbi Station. Contributed by Carol Cameron and Ken Muller.

Australias Oldest Buildings continued from page 50 Hobart

Ingle Hall is believed to be the oldest surviving building in Hobart. It is unknown exactly when it was built as it predates Tasmania’s government records, which started in 1822. It is named after John Ingle, who is presumed to have been one of its first inhabitants. The building was most recently used as The Mercury Print Museum. Sydney

It is widely believed that the oldest building in Sydney and Australia’s oldest building is Elizabeth Farm in the Sydney suburb of Rosehill. Built in 1793 by John Macarthur, it originally served as a property for Marcarthur and his family, making it the oldest house in Australia. Still in use today, the historic home is now open to the public as a museum, open from Wednesday – Sunday each week. The Worlds Oldest Building The world’s oldest remaining building is said to be The Cairn of Barnenez in Brittany, France. It can be traced to the early Neolithic period, around 4800BC. It is well-known for its megalithic art, and serves as a tourist destination today. Photo credits: Wikipedia, Auckland Art Fair, the-riotact.com, Absolutely Australia, Trinity Church Adelaide, Wikimedia Commons, Peter Maltezos, Urban Melbourne, Australian Travel.

All Breed Bull Sales July 25th, 2020

Heartland Magazine | 57

Irrigation

The team at Rural Irrigation Supplies, understand the necessity of a proper water management system and the most efficient solutions to any irrigation need. Their expert advice and personalised service guarantees customer satisfaction, drawing upon almost 30 years’ experience in pumping, filtration and irrigation. Their local knowledge and experience guarantees honest and reliable advice which guarantees their customers are getting the right water management solutions for their individual requirements. Offering a wide range of services, Rural Irrigation Supplies specialise in domestic, agricultural & horticultural irrigation. They are able to take you through the entire process from choosing the right size pump and irrigator, as well as offering assistance or advice on setting up your system. The business has a range of different pumps suitable for domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. Their range of irrigators include hard and soft hose options as well as linear or pivot irrigators, ensuring customers have the right equipment for their irrigation demands. Their large range of PVC and poly pipe fittings allow customers to get the correct fitting for installations, maintenance and repairs to their system. As well as irrigation, Rural Irrigation Supplies can also help with water storage solutions hosting a large range of water tanks.

Understanding that technology is always updating with new solutions and products coming on the market all the time, Rural Irrigation Supplies are always on top of the latest developments, allowing their customers to have access to the latest technologies and best brands available. Their understanding of solar water technology is informative and provides their customers with informed choices which are beneficial financially as well as creating a more efficient system. The services offered by the team at Rural Irrigation Supplies extend to not only in the workshop and in-store but also on-site assistance. Their friendly approach and reliable service establishes long relationships with their customers, based on trust and support. Whether you’re a business or property owner or manager, trade professional or DIY, you’ll find brands, products, parts, spares and complete systems to help you get the most from every drop. For local knowledge and understanding on the best irrigation solutions, Rural Irrigation Supplies is the one shop stop.

Pools and Spas

The team at Rural Irrigation Supplies know the importance of maintaining and caring for your pool and have the solutions to make the process as stress free and easy as possible. It is important to ensure the water quality is always at its safest and the filtration system is working at its optimum, protecting family and friends from potential harmful algae’s. At Rural Irrigation Supplies there are a range of pool pump, parts and accessories available. Picking the correct equipment for your individual pool needs is not only important for the efficiency of your pool but will also save you money in the long term. The range of products also include spa and heat pumps as well as pool lighting and pool fixtures. As well as having a pool that is an enjoyable environment for your family and friends, it also needs to be a safe environment which is why Rural Irrigation Supplies can help with ensuring that your pool has all the necessary safety features. With so many products now on the market, Rural Irrigation Supplies take the confusion out of what products are right for you when it comes to water testing and analysis or chemicals such as chlorines, water clarifiers, algaecides, hydrochloric acid, stabilisers, balancing chemicals, stain removers and high quality pool salt. Maintaining your pool throughout the year is important no matter how much or how little your family and friends are using it. Rural Irrigation Supplies have a range of suction cleaners and robotic pool cleaners including Dolphin (Maytronics) Robotic Pool Cleaners, which again not only save on time but also on money. They stock a number of brands and support Australian owned and operated companies which guarantees their customers are receiving the best products while supporting Australia’s economy. The knowledgeable team at Rural Irrigation Supplies also offer advice on pool repairs. They have many cost-effective solutions providing the best outcome for any problem, large or small. Rural Irrigation Supplies are aware of the environmental impact of pool systems and have the latest in solar and energy efficient

pump technologies. Australians love the outdoors and enjoying a cool afternoon by the pool or a revitalizing home spa session. Rural Irrigation Supplies strive to take the hassle out of pool and spa maintenance with the convenience of having so many pool and spa solutions all in one place. Their abundance of knowledge and advice is generously given leaving customers confident and well looked after. For extensive pool servicing and suppies for the Northern Rivers, call us now.

John Roy In todays world with all the panic and drama there is a generation of people who manage to keep calm and level-headed amongst the chaos. Although the community may be in a state of turmoil this older generation seem to have already experienced similar situations and seem to get through life with a quiet reassuring confidence. John Roy is a part of this group of people and is generous with his time to share his story which has led to such a grace in a time of alarm.

between times and worked for a time at Main Camp tea tree plantation. He then found himself in very familiar territory

Manchester Unity Apron

taking up work relief milking. John’s extensive experience was un-matched, and his help was in demand seeing him work on 20 different properties, 21 including his own. His work in the Dairy Flat area also meant he was reunited with the dairy cows he had sold in 1986. John was involved in a motor bike accident which saw him recovering over several months. It took the best part of 5 months for him to regain his strength and recover to a normal way of life. In 2010 John sold his farm and decided to enjoy life at a slower pace.

Standing L to R Phillip Roy, Janelle Roy, Maureen and Graham Want

John Roy was born on the 5th of December in 1937 at Kyogle Maternity Hospital to parents Hazel Charlotte and Leslie Roy. John is the eldest of his siblings, Helen, Lionel and Gloria. His childhood was typical of the time with the family living on Fig Tree Farm near Ruckenvale. In 1943, John began his education at Ruckenvale School, walking from the farm with about 10 other kids. Occasionally the cream carrier would lend a lift but the journey to and from school was usually as eventful as a day at school itself. Kyogle High School was the next step for John as he attended the school until he left at the age of 15years old. Upon leaving high school John worked with his father, carrying out the daily chores of the dairy farm. Farming was beginning to change in the region with bulk milk being introduced in 1977. At this time John had taken over the property from his father and eventually closed the dairy in 1986. A lot of farms around the region were going into beef cattle and John was no exception. He chose to run Hereford cattle and took advantage of the extra time he had created for himself. Answering a newspaper advert John began work at Cobram picking fruit in 1988. He completed 2 seasons and operated the mechanical harvester on peach trees. John enjoyed working outdoors and appreciated the social aspect of the job. With over 120 other pickers, some being from New Zealand there was no shortage of people to chat to. While he still had his own farm, John got work for the in 60 | Heartland Magazine

Bro John Roy being congratulated by Sis Coral Trustum, Area Master of Arear 953

John has seen many changes throughout the farming industry in his time and remembers many things that no longer exist in today’s world. He recalls how the equipment has changed considerably and technology has come a long way since his time milking and working on farms. The humble tractor once had cast iron wheels and now has rubber tyres. The weather was always a challenge but now there are many machines with closed cabins with air conditioning and heater options. With each new generation of farmers there are new challenges and solutions and John is able to share the differences from his fathers to his own

time, comparing to the way things are now. John’s heavy involvement with the land and community, saw him become a member of Manchester Unity in 1960 and remained an active member receiving his 50year active service jewel. The life-long friendships John made through his involvement in Manchester Unity, have enriched his life and connected him to the community in a very special way. Through time organisations such Manchester Unity have changed and are sadly becoming a thing of the past. John is able to pass down his experiences on a time gone by and shares his pictures of his collar and apron for the next generations to appreciate.

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John’s life has been full of work, laughter love and family. In 1961 John married Alice Jane and they went on the have 4 children, Eric, Moreen, Phillip and Gregory. Over time the family grew considerably with 13 grandchildren being born and 1 more on the way. Sadly, John’s time with Alice Jane was cut short with her passing. For 25 years John had another chance at romance with Margaret Foster. The time they had was very special and unfortunately ended after she also passed away. Life these days is spent travelling around Australia and exploring the country he so much loves. John spends time with his partner Annette Jones and enjoys attending local events and community gatherings. He has a keen interest in war memorabilia as well as old restored farm machinery. He recently donated his families restored butter churn to Kyogle Museum.

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John Roy is generous with his knowledge and will always share with others what he has learnt throughout his life. Through his farming days he also experienced the floods, droughts and fires as well as fluctuating cattle and milk prices. He is part of a disappearing generation who hold the key to the past which may actually hold the solutions to some of the present-day farming concerns.

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MOUNT WARNING HOTEL, UKI HISTORY continued from Issue 39 Mary Roberts (born June 1924): “I was 14 going on 15 when I came over to work for Dorrie Deegan at the Mt. Warning Hotel. I remember scrubbing the hallway on my hands and knees. That had to be polished right through. There were these things in the bar, they were copper, the sink was copper, there was this long funnel, it was copper, and they had to be polished every morning. The really early breakfast you had to be up for, but first breakfast was 7 o’clock. The place was full of boarders then. The shop, there’d be a couple of single men from there; there’d be a couple of boys from the Bakers; Col Hopkins, he had the cream run. There’d be people coming through, the school doctor and the school dentist, they’d stay a couple of nights because they had to go to all the little schools. Commercial travellers, of course. I got 5 shillings. Even when I left there, I wasn’t getting more than 15 shillings and yet we used to have our nice little frocks

for the Show. We used to work till 2 and come back about 5 for the evening meal which was a much simpler meal -soup and a salad and always sweets. There were always glass jugs of water on the table, starched tablecloths, which we had to iron. We did have a woman to do the laundry, but she used to drink the metho for the metho irons. She’d get a bit wobbly towards the end of the day. You had to put a kero tin on the stove for the Bullock teams crossing the original Rowlands Creek Bridge with the Mount Warning Hotel in baths and carry it the background. Photo courtesy Tweed Regional up all those stairs. Museum US000692 In summer you could have a cold shower. The gardener used to carry it up, but you always seemed to have one tin sitting on the back of the stove. On Saturdays, there’d be a lot of people come into the dining room for lunch. All the cricketers. We always seemed to have steak and kidney on the menu on Saturdays. All the veg was fresh. I used to sing with Mrs. Deegan’s band. We played up at the Grand Hotel in Coolangatta a couple of times. They had some special dos and some of the big Balls in town. Mrs. Deegan used to play a piano in the parlour at the Hotel and I’d go in there and learn the songs with her. She used to send away somewhere for these orchestrations.”

Herb Faulks’ four horse drawn wagon on its way to deliver the first load of beer to the Mount Warning Hotel in 1914 (the other wagon in the background is the local postman) Photo courtesy Tweed Regional Museum US000497

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Bunny Ebbsley made lantana rum (we believe he had his still somewhere on Rowlands Creek) that was sold at the hotel. During World War Two, American soldiers on leave visited the

Mt. Warning Hotel. During their stay, the publican would do his best to ensure they quaffed copious amounts of this brew, no doubt resulting in them leaving somewhat the worse for wear. When Bobby Brims bought a bus run, a taxi service was included as part of the deal. In 1953 his wife Betty Brims began driving this taxi. A call would often come from the pub (Mount Warning Hotel) across the road from her home for the hire of the taxi to take beer either up to Doon Doon, the saw-mill at Kunghurloo or up “Hidden Valley” at the foot of Mt Warning. Barry Harding started work at the hotel at the age of 9, cleaning and polishing. Soon after he began working at the hotel, Barry arrived for work as usual, only to find the hotel closed with the publican still asleep upstairs (sleeping it off). The publican didn’t wake and come downstairs until about 1 o’clock in the afternoon, by which time Barry had opened up and was serving beer at the bar. Anzac Day March 1952 with the Mount Warning Hotel in the background, Photographer Margaret Sweetnam

In 1958 there was a quiet horse in Uki that would eat anything. One day the horse walked up the sloped landing to the second floor of the hotel and the publican Stan Young gave him a plate of bacon and eggs which the horse downed with relish. The next day the performance was repeated for the local newspaper the “Daily News” on hand to record the event. Stanley James Young became the publican on the 28th September 1958. Not long after we are led to believe that a fight took place in the hotel. During the fight, a customer punched Young, causing him to fall backwards. As he fell, he hit his head on the bar and subsequently died. His wife Laurel Young took over as publican on the 14th September 1961. On Saturday night 23rd February 2013, the Mount Warning Hotel was destroyed by fire. The publican and his staff were closing up for the night when the fire started. It started in an electrical board with sparks, flames and smoke billowing out. As the electrical board was situated at the base of the stairwell the fire was drawn up the stairs just as it would be up a chimney. When the top level caught alight, it resulted in a huge fireball. Fire trucks came from Murwillumbah and Tweed Heads as well as from the local Uki and Kunghur fire brigades. They poured so much water on the flames that they emptied the village reservoir but it was all they could do to contain the fire and prevent it from spreading further. Luckily no one was hurt. Approximately $40,000 worth of stock was lost. The fire reignited in the early hours of Monday morning 25th February and further burnt the back of the hotel that had been left standing after the first fire. The village was devastated with the loss of such an iconic building which for so long had been their place of social interaction. While the hotel was closed, there was also a sad decline in the number of visitors to the village, which financially impacted all of the businesses in Uki.

The first plans submitted by the owners of the proposed new Mount Warning Hotel were not looked on favourably by the majority of local residents but many of the locals liked the later plans that were submitted. The remnants of the old hotel were torn down in May 2013 and rebuilding started in October 2014. The new Mount Warning Hotel opened on Saturday 22nd August 2015 with crowds of people flocking to see the new building. The official opening ceremony took place on Saturday 5th September 2015. Tony Ellis from Doon Doon won the raffle which gave him the privilege of drinking the first official beer at the opening. The hotel cost over 2 million dollars to build. Locals were overjoyed with the return of their local hotel. LICENSEE MOUNT WARNING HOTEL Fowler Askew - 1914 John Fowler Fitzhenry - 1916 Catherine McLean - 1st January 1920 Henry Nesbitt - 8th December 1920 Alexander Gordon Chapman - 13th July 1921 Charles Montague Chapman - 4th May1923 John Fowler Fitzhenry - 22nd March 1924 Caroline Fitzhenry - 24th November 1924 William R. Soorley - 18th February 1926 Stanley Charles Maguire - 8th August 1930 Reginald Alfred Walsh - 22nd February 1932 William R. Soorley - 9th October 1933 Alfred Percy Laiden Riley - 10th July 1935 Alfred Bugden - 30th November 1938 James Stuart - 16th August 1939 Noel Alfred (Bill) Bugden - 13th March 1940 Dorothy May Deegan - 26th August 1942 James Edward Smith - 30th May 1946 Roy Arkinstall - 25th September 1947 Donald Archer Ernest Wakefield - 14th May 1948 William James Hawker - 17th November 1949 Elsie Annie McLeish - 29th August 1952 Austin Edward Staggs - 12th February 1953 James Henry McMillan - 27th May 1954 Albert Augustus Palmer - 17th November 1955 Walter Day - 28th March 1957 Stanley James Young - 28th September 1958 Laurel Mary S. Young - 14th September 1961 Laurel Mary Sylvia Clarke - 14th June 1962 Oscar Joseph (Joe) Bullman - 29th September 1963 Frederick George Trevett - 17th October 1969 Noel Alfred (Bill) Bugden - 15th June 1971 Noel Vernon Bugden - 11th July 1978 Angela Georgopoulous - 2004 Geoffrey Brown – Kim & Brett Watson - February 2017

The New Mount Warning Hotel (photo taken towards the end of the new build) Photographer Beth Keevers

Main photo page 62: Mount Warning Hotel prior to the Rowlands Creek Bridge being built in 1915/1916. Rowlands Creek Crossing and foot bridge (note the well-worn path from the footbridge to the Hotel) Photo courtesy Tweed Regional Museum US000215 Heartland Magazine | 63

The Hamburger, Did you know? The exact origin of the hamburger may never be known with any certainty. Most historians believe that it was invented by a cook who placed a Hamburg steak between two slices of bread in a small town in Texas, and others credit the founder of White Castle for developing the “Hamburger Sandwich.” Records from that time are scarce, however. All claims for invention occur between 1885 and 1904, making it probable that the hamburger was created sometime in these two decades. Despite varieties, there are common elements in all of the narratives, most notably that the hamburger was born as a food associated with major events such as amusement parks, fairs, conferences, and festivals. All the hypotheses also share the presence of street vendors. One of the first “birth of the burger” stories belongs to Canton, Ohio, natives Frank and Charles Menches who were food vendors at the 1885 Erie County Fair outside of Buffalo, New York, also known as the Hamburg Fair. Legend has it that during the course of the Fair, the Menches ran out of their signature menu item of pork sausage sandwiches. Their local supplier, Hamburg butcher Andrew Klein, was reluctant to butcher more hogs during a period of unseasonable late summer heat and suggested to substitute the use of ground beef. The brothers fired some up, but both found it dry and bland. They added coffee, brown sugar and other ingredients to create a unique taste. The original sandwiches were sold with just ketchup and sliced onions. With new found success with their beef sandwich, they christened it the “hamburger” after the Erie County Fair’s home town of Hamburg. “National Birth of the Burger Day” is celebrated on

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September 18th to honor the invention of the burger in 1885 at the Hamburg Fair. In the 1920s, carnival historian John C. Kunzog interviewed Frank Menches about his experience at the Erie County Fair. His detailed hamburger story was published in this book, “Tanbark & Tinsel” published in 1970. One of the possible fathers of the hamburger is Charlie Nagreen (1871–1951) of Seymour, Wisconsin, who at the age of 15 sold Hamburg steaks from a street stall at the annual Outagamie County Fair. Nagreen said he began by selling Hamburg steaks, but these did not have much success because people wanted to freely move around the festival without the need to eat them at his stand. In response to this, in 1885 Nagreen decided to flatten the hamburger steak and insert it between two slices of bread, so that the public could move freely from booth to booth while eating his sandwich, an innovation that was well received by his customers. This became known as the “Hamburger Charlie”, and Nagreen’s creation was sold at the festival until his death in 1951. To this day, his accomplishment is celebrated annually with a “Burger Fest” in his honor in his hometown of Seymour.

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Garden Palace

The Garden Palace was a large, purpose-built exhibition building constructed to house the Sydney International Exhibition in 1879 in Sydney, Australia. It was designed by James Barnet and constructed by John Young, at a cost of £191,800 in only eight months. This was largely due to the importation from England of electric lighting, which enabled work to be carried out around the clock. A reworking of London’s Crystal Palace, the plan for the Garden Palace was similar to that of a large cathedral, having a long hall with lower aisle on either side, like a nave, and a transept of similar form, each terminating in towers and meeting beneath a central dome. The successful contractor was John Young, a highly experienced building contractor who had worked on the Crystal Palace for The Great Exhibition

of 1851 and locally on the General Post Office and Exhibition Building at Prince Alfred Park. The dome was 100 feet (30.4 metres) in diameter and 210 feet (65.5 metres) in height.

The building was over 244 metres long and had a floor space of over 112,000 metres with 4.5 million feet of timber, 2.5 million bricks and 243 tons of galvanised corrugated iron. The building was similar in many respects to the later Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne. Sydney’s first hydraulic lift, was contained in the north tower, enabling visitors to climb the tower. The Garden Palace was sited at what is today the southwestern end of the Royal Botanic Garden (although at the time it was built it occupied land that was outside the Garden and in The Domain). It was constructed primarily from timber, which ensured its complete destruction when engulfed by fire in the early morning of 22 September 1882.

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The only extant remains of the Garden Palace are its carved Sydney sandstone gateposts and wrought iron gates, located on the Macquarie Street entrance to the Royal Botanical Garden. A 1940s-era sunken garden and fountain featuring a statue of Cupid marks the former location of the Palace’s dome.

The Garden Palace at that time was used by a number of Government Departments and many significant records were destroyed in the fire, notably records of squatting occupation in New South Wales. Most importantly, however, 500-1000 pieces of Sydney Aboriginal artefacts were also lost in this fire.

Few artefacts from the International Exhibition survived the fire, one of which is a carved graphite statue of an elephant, from Ceylon, now in the collection of the Powerhouse Museum. An 1878 Bechstein concert grand piano, that had won the musical instrument first prize at the Exhibition, but had luckily been removed from the Garden Palace prior to the fire, is also held by the Powerhouse.

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AUSSIE MOTORING

The History of Holden

VH (1981–1984)

The Holden Commodore 1978-2020

The VH series Commodore introduced in September 1981 brought moderately updated frontal bodywork, with a new bonnet and front guards to facilitate the reshaped headlamps and a horizontally slatted grille. These front-end design changes worked to produce a longer, yet wider look. At the rear, sedans featured redesigned tail light clusters, the design of which borrowed from Mercedes-Benz models of the day, using a louvered design. At the same time, the nomenclature of the range was rationalised. The SL superseded the L as the base model, with the old SL level becoming the mid-range SL/X, and the SL/E remaining as the top-of-the-line variant. Wagons were restricted to the SL and SL/X trims.

VC (1980–1981) The most significant change to the VC Commodore of March 1980 was the engine upgrading to “XT5” specification. Now painted blue and thus known as the Blue straight-sixes and Holden V8s, these replaced the Red units fitted to the VB and earlier cars. Changes included a new twelve-port cylinder head, re-designed combustion chambers, inlet and exhaust manifolds, a new two-barrel carburettor.

Tweaks and changes to the V8s surrounded the implementation of electronic ignition, revised cylinder head and inlet manifold design and the fitment of a four-barrel carburettor on the 4.2-litre variant. These changes brought improved efficiency, increased outputs and aided driveability. In response to increasing oil prices, a four-cylinder variant was spawned in June 1980. Displacing 1.9-litres, this powerplant known as Starfire was effectively Holden’s existing straight-six with two cylinders removed. The four’s peak power output of 58 kW (78 hp) and torque rated at 140 Nm. (103 ft⋅lbf) meant its performance was compromised. Reports indicate that the need to push the engine hard to extract performance led to real-world fuel consumption similar to the straight-sixes. Holden’s emphasis on fuel economy extended beyond powertrains, with a fuel consumption vacuum gauge replacing the tachometer throughout the range, although this could be optioned back with the sports instrumentation package. Visual changes were limited: the relocation of the corporate crest to the centre of the redesigned grille, black-coloured trim applied to the tail lamp surrounds on sedans, and the embossment of model badging into the side rubbing strips. The previously undesignated base car, was now the Commodore L, opening up the range for a new unbadged sub-level car. This delete option model, was de-specified and available only to fleet customers. On the premium Commodore SL/E, a resurrected “Shadowtone” exterior paint option became available in a limited range of dark-over-light colour combinations. According to contemporary reviews, changes made to the VC’s steering produced a heavier feel and inclined understeer, while the revised suspension gave a softer ride and addressed concerns raised while riding fully laden.

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Redesigned pentagonal alloy wheels—replacing the original SL/E type used since 1978—along with a black painted B-pillar, wrap-around chrome rear bumper extensions to the wheel arches, and extended tail lamps that converged with the license plate alcove—distinguished the range-topping SL/E from other variants. The new pentagonal wheels were initially in short supply, such that only Shadowtone option SL/E sedans received them during 1981 production. Mechanical specifications carried over, except for a new fivespeed manual transmission, optional on the 1.9-litre fourcylinder and 2.85-litre six-cylinder versions. In an attempt to improve sales figures of the inline-four engine, Holden spent considerable time improving its performance and efficiency. Modifications were also made to the 2.85-litre six to lift economy, and the powerplants managed to reduce fuel consumption by as much as 12.5 and 14 percent, correspondingly. Holden released the sports-oriented Commodore SS sedan in September 1982—reintroducing a nameplate used briefly ten years prior with the HQ series. Provisioned with a choice of 4.2- or optional 5.0-litre V8 engines, both versions of the VH SS were teamed with a four-speed manual transmission. Racing driver Peter Brock’s Holden Dealer Team (HDT) high performance outfit produced three upgraded versions, known as Group One, Group Two and Group Three, the latter version available in either 4.2-litre or more commonly 5.0-litre V8 configuration. By the time of the VH series, Commodore sales were beginning to decline. Holden’s six-cylinder engine, which was carried over from the Kingswood, could trace its roots back to 1963 and was no longer competitive. Continual improvements made to Commodore’s Ford Falcon rival meant the VH was not significantly more fuel-efficient or better performing despite the smaller size. This was curtailed by the absence of any major

AUSSIE MOTORING powertrain revisions by the time of the VH and the lack of visual departure from the original VB. Holden also had to deal with the influx of their own mid-size Camira from 1982, which presented comparable interior volume with lower fuel consumption, and for less than the Commodore pricing point. Camira sales were strong initially, but as fuel prices had stabilised, buyers gravitated away from Camira and Commodore towards the larger Falcon, which overtook the Commodore as Australia’s bestselling car for the first time in 1982. VK (1984–1986) Representing the first major change since the VB original, the VK model of 1984 introduced a six-window glasshouse, as opposed to the previous four-window design, to make the Commodore appear larger. The revised design helped stimulate sales, which totalled 135,000 in two years. This did not put an end to Holden’s monetary woes. Sales of the initially popular Camira slumped due to unforeseen quality issues, while the Holden WB series commercial vehicle range and the Statesman WB luxury models were starting to show their age; their 1971 origins compared unfavourably with Ford’s more modern Falcon and Fairlane models.

New names for the trim levels were also introduced, such as Commodore Executive (an SL with air conditioning and automatic transmission), Commodore Berlina (replacing SL/X) and Calais (replacing SL/E). The 3.3-litre Blue straight-six engine was replaced by the Black specification, gaining computer-controlled ignition system on the carburettor versions and optional electronic fuel injection boosting power output to 106 kW (142 hp). The 5.0-litre V8 engine continued to power high specification variants, but was shrunk from 5044 cc to 4987 cc in 1985 due to new Group A racing homologation rules. The new car cut its predecessor’s weight by 75 kg (165 lb) and models were fitted with an upgraded braking system. As high oil prices became a thing of the past, Holden decided to drop the 2.85- six and 4.2-litre V8, while the 1.9-litre four-cylinder was limited to New Zealand

By this stage, Holden’s 24 year old six-cylinder was thoroughly outmoded and would have been difficult to re-engineer to comply with pending emission standards and the introduction of unleaded fuel. This led Holden to sign a deal with Nissan of Japan to import their RB30E engine. This seemed a good idea in 1983 when the Australian dollar was strong; however by 1986 the once viable prospect became rather expensive. The public quickly accepted what was at first a controversial move, as reports emerged of the improvements in refinement, 33 percent gain in power and 15 percent better economy over the carburettor version of the VK’s Black straight-six. An optional turbocharger appeared six months later and lifted power output to 150 kW (201 hp). In October 1986, an unleaded edition of Holden’s carburetted V8 engine was publicised. Holden had originally planned to discontinue the V8 to spare the engineering expense of converting to unleaded. However, public outcry persuaded them to relent. VLs in New Zealand were also available with the 2.0-litre six-cylinder RB20E engine. The VL suffered from some common build quality problems, such as poor windshield sealing, that can lead to water leakages and corrosion. Awkward packaging under the low bonnet coupled with Holden’s decision to utilise a cross-flow radiator (as opposed to the up-down flow radiator installed to the equivalent Nissan Skyline) meant the six-cylinder engine was especially susceptible to cracked cylinder heads, a problem not displayed on the Nissan Skyline with which it shares the RB30E engine. The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by the Monash University Accident Research Centre, found that first generation Commodores (VB–VL) provide a “worse than average” level of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident.

VL (1986–1988) Marking a high point in terms of sales, the last-of-the-series VL Commodore sold in record numbers, finally managing to outsell the Ford Falcon in the private sector. The 1986 VL represented a substantial makeover of the VK and would be the last of the mid-size Commodores. Designers distanced the Commodore further away from its Opel origins, by smoothing the lines of the outer body and incorporating a subtle tail spoiler. A thorough redesign of the nose saw the Commodore gain sleek, narrow headlamps and a shallower grille, while the Calais specification employed unique partially concealed headlamps.

We continue to the History of the Commodore in the next issue of Heartland Magazine Heartland Magazine | 71

TRUCKING HISTORY

The History of Isuzu Trucks Isuzu Motors Ltd. is a Japanese commercial vehicle and diesel engine manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo. Its principal activity is the production, marketing and sale of Isuzu commercial vehicles and diesel engines. It also has a number of subsidiaries, including Anadolu Isuzu (a Turkish joint venture with Anadolu Group), Sollers-Isuzu (a Russian joint venture with Sollers JSC), SML Isuzu (an Indian venture formerly known as Swaraj Mazda), Jiangxi Isuzu Motors (a Chinese joint venture with Jiangling Motors Company Group), Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia, Isuzu Malaysia (Isuzu HICOM), Isuzu UK, Isuzu South Africa, Isuzu Philippines, Taiwan Isuzu Motors, Isuzu Vietnam, Isuzu Motors India and BYD Isuzu. Isuzu has assembly and manufacturing plants in Fujisawa, as well as in the Tochigi and Hokkaidō prefectures. Isuzu-branded vehicles are sold in most commercial markets worldwide. Isuzu’s primary market focus is on commercial diesel-powered truck, buses and construction, while their Japanese competitor Yanmar focuses on commercial-level powerplants and generators. By 2009, Isuzu had produced over 21 million diesel engines, which can be found in vehicles all over the world. Isuzu diesel engines are used by dozens of vehicle manufacturers, including General Motors. The name Isuzu translates into English as “fifty bells”. The History Isuzu Motors’ history began in 1916, when Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd. planned a cooperation with the Tokyo Gas and Electric Industrial Co. to build automobiles. The next step was taken in 1918, when a technical cooperation with Wolseley Motors Limited was initiated, yielding exclusive rights to the production and sales of Wolseley vehicles in East Asia. In 1922 came the first ever Japan-produced passenger car, a Wolseley model, the A9. The CP truck followed two years later; 550 of these were built by 1927. In 1933, Ishikawajima Automotive Works merged with DAT Automobile Manufacturing Inc. (a predecessor of Nissan) and changed its name to Automobile Industries Co., Ltd. The products of this company, marketed

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as “Sumiya” and “Chiyoda”, were renamed Isuzu (after the Isuzu River) in 1934, following a meeting with the Japanese Government’s Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI). The word Isuzu translated into English means “fifty bells”—hence the focus on “bell” in both the later Bellel and the Bellett. In 1937 Automobile Industries was reorganized and formed into a new company, Tokyo Automobile Industries Co., Ltd. It was founded with a capital of ¥1,000,000. Only in 1949 was Isuzu finally adopted as the company name. Meanwhile, in 1942, Hino Heavy Industries was split off from Isuzu, becoming a separate corporation. Truck production (TX40 and TU60) began anew in 1945, with the permission of the occupation authorities. Beginning in 1953 the Hillman Minx passenger car is produced under license of Rootes Group. The Minx remained in production until 1962, after the 1961 introduction of Isuzu’s first own car, the Bellel. Being a small producer making cars which were somewhat too large and pricey for the Japanese market at the time, Isuzu spent some time looking for a commercial partner. Under pressure from MITI, who were attempting to limit the number of automobile manufacturers in Japan, a cooperation with Fuji Heavy Industries (Subaru) began in 1966. This joint salesservice collaboration was seen as the first step towards an eventual merger. The Subaru 1000 was even shown in Isuzu’s 1967 annual vehicle brochure, as a suitable complement to the larger Isuzu lineup. This tie-up was over by 1968, when an agreement with Mitsubishi was formed. This ended even more quickly, by 1969, and the next year an equally short-lived collaboration was entered with Nissan. A few months later, in September 1971, what was to prove a more durable capital agreement was signed with General Motors. In Australia, Isuzu was for many years a major supplier of light commercial and domestic vehicles to Holden (General Motors). However, by 2008, Holden was sourcing few Isuzus. At this time Isuzu began to sell the D-Max under the Isuzu name. Isuzu Forward (F Series) The Isuzu Forward (also known as the Isuzu F-Series) is a line of medium-duty commercial vehicles manufactured by Isuzu since 1970. All F-series trucks are cab over designs and the cabin comes fully built from the factory. Most models come with a diesel engine; but, some markets get CNG derivatives as well. The F-series is available a variety of cab styles, engines, 4WD or 2WD depending on the market it is sold. Most trucks are assembled in Japan; however, they are locally assembled from CKD kits in some countries.

TRUCKING HISTORY

Most mid-size and big-size models of the truck are distinguishable by a front ‘Forward’ badge; but the common Isuzu badge is usually used on the rear. The Isuzu Forward is among the commercial grade trucks used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force for rear line duties. In the United States, its principal competitors are Bering MD, Chevrolet W-Series, GMC W-Series, Mitsubishi Fuso FK and the UD 2000/2300. In Japan, its main competitors are Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter, Nissan Diesel/UD Trucks Condor, Hino Ranger.

naturally aspirated and turbocharged isuzu 6BG1 and 6HE1 engines mated to the six-speed manual or NAVi6 six-speed automatic gearbox with an optional ABS. Fourth Generation (1994-2007) The fourth generation forward was released in february 1994 with all SOHC engines starting with the naturally aspirated or turbocharged 6HE1 until 1999 and replaced with the new 8.2 litre 6HH1 and 7.8 litre 6HK1-TC engines mated to the six-speed manual or Isuzu’s ‘Smoother F’ automatic gearbox, with Power Shift and HSA are standard equipment, only the ABS/ASR are optional.

For the Chilean and Peruvian markets, the trucks were shipped from Japan as CKD kits to Huechuraba, Chile, where up to 2 a day can be assembled by a team of 13 workers. They were badged as Chevrolets, and GMCs until 2009. On June 10, 2008, GM Chile announced its 20,000th Isuzu truck assembled in its Huechuraba plant (including N and F series).

Fifth Generation (2007-Present) The Fifth Generation Forward was launched in May 2007 when the 6x6 variant was exhibited at 43rd Tokyo Motor Show in 2013, all models are equipped with Isuzu 4H/6H engines.

First Generation 1970-1986 The First Generation Forward was launched in April 1970 with two body styles, full cab and short cab (S) and its exclusive only in japan and all are equipped with a D500 diesel engine. Forward S SBR/SCR (4t) & Forward FBR/FCR/FDR (5t) Second Generation (SBR/JBR/FBR) 1975-1985 The Second Generation Forward was released in August 1975, powered by the new isuzu 6BB1, 6BD1, 6BD1T

Isuzu Giga The Isuzu Giga also known as the Isuzu C/E series (second generation), is a line of heavy-duty commercial vehicles produced by Isuzu. The Giga’s size range is mostly made up of full-size trucks, and was previously known as the ‘Isuzu Heavy-Duty Truck’. It was created to succeed the Isuzu 810. and 6BF1 engines. JBR/JCR/JDR (6-7t) FTM (10t) 4WD SCS (4t) Third Generation (FTR/FVR/FSR/FRR/FVZ) 1985-1994 The Third generation forward was launched in June 1985 as the successor to the first and second generation forwards, the design is based on the 810’s cab design and it was the first truck to win the Good Design Award. The FTR, FVR, FSR and FRR are all equipped with

Most full-size models of the truck are distinguishable by a front “Giga” and “CXZ” badge, but the common Isuzu badge is usually used on the rear. Australia Isuzu is the market leader in Australia and makes unique models to that market. It includes Crew cabs of popular models with options like 4X4 and PTO. Australia also receives slightly larger versions codenamed FX-series.

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MOTORBIKE HISTORY - Ducati Motorcycle Comany Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [duˈkaːti]) is the motorcyclemanufacturing division of Italian company Ducati, headquartered in Bologna, Italy. The company is owned by German automotive manufacturer Audi through its Italian subsidiary Lamborghini, which is in turn owned by the Volkswagen Group. History In 1926 Antonio Cavalieri Ducati and his three sons, Adriano, Marcello, and Bruno Cavalieri Ducati founded Società Scientifica Radio Brevetti Ducati in Bologna to produce vacuum tubes, condensers and other radio components. In 1935 they had become successful enough to enable construction of a new factory in the Borgo Panigale area of the city. Production was maintained during World War II, despite the Ducati factory being a repeated target of Allied bombing.

Meanwhile, at the small Turinese firm SIATA (Societa Italiana per Applicazioni Tecniche Auto-Aviatorie), Aldo Farinelli began developing a small pushrod engine for mounting on bicycles. Barely a month after the official liberation of Italy in 1944, SIATA announced its intention to sell this engine, called the “Cucciolo” (Italian for “puppy,” in reference to the distinctive exhaust sound) to the public. The first Cucciolos were available alone, to be mounted on standard bicycles, by the buyer; however, businessmen soon bought the little engines in quantity, and offered complete motorized-bicycle units for sale. In 1950, after more than 200,000 Cucciolos had been sold, in collaboration with SIATA, the Ducati firm finally offered its own Cucciolo-based motorcycle. This first Ducati motorcycle was a 48 cc bike weighing 98 pounds (44 kg), with a top speed of 40 mph (64 km/h), and had a 15 mm carburetor (0.59-inch) giving just under 200 mpg‑US (1.2 L/100 km; 240 mpg‑imp). Ducati soon dropped the Cucciolo name in favor of “55M” and “65TL”. When the market moved toward larger motorcycles, Ducati management decided to respond, making an impression at an early-1952 Milan show, introducing their 65TS cycle and Cruiser (a four-stroke motor scooter). Despite being described as the most interesting new machine at the 1952 show, the Cruiser was not a great success, and only a few thousand were made over a two-year period before the model ceased production. In 1953, management split the company into two separate entities, Ducati Meccanica SpA and Ducati Elettronica, in 74 | Heartland Magazine

Ducati “Cucciolo”, 1950

acknowledgment of its diverging motorcycle and electronics product lines. Dr. Giuseppe Montano took over as head of Ducati Meccanica SpA and the Borgo Panigale factory was modernized with government assistance. By 1954, Ducati Meccanica SpA had increased production to 120 bikes a day. In the 1960s, Ducati earned its place in motorcycling history by producing the fastest 250 cc road bike then available, the Mach 1. In the 1970s Ducati began producing largedisplacement V-twin motorcycles and in 1973, released a V-twin with the trademarked desmodromic valve design. In 1985, Cagiva bought Ducati and planned to rebadge Ducati motorcycles with the “Cagiva” name. By the time the purchase was completed, Cagiva kept the “Ducati” name on its motorcycles. Eleven years later, in 1996, Cagiva accepted the offer from Texas Pacific Group and sold a 51% stake in the company for US$325 million; then, in 1998, Texas Pacific Group bought most of the remaining 49% to become the sole owner of Ducati. In 1999, TPG issued an initial public offering of Ducati stock and renamed the company “Ducati Motor Holding SpA”. TPG sold over 65% of its shares in

Ducati 250 Mach 1 1964

Ducati, leaving TPG the majority shareholder. In December 2005, Ducati returned to Italian ownership with the sale of Texas Pacific’s stake (minus one share) to Investindustrial Holdings, the investment fund of Carlo and Andrea Bonomi. In April 2012, Volkswagen Group’s Audi subsidiary announced its intention to buy Ducati for €860 million (US$1.2 billion). Volkswagen chairman Ferdinand Piëch, a motorcycle enthusiast, had long coveted Ducati, and had regretted that he passed up an opportunity to buy the company from the Italian government in 1984. Analysts doubted a tiny motorcycle maker would have a meaningful

MOTORBIKE HISTORY - Ducati Motorcycle Comany effect on a company the size of Volkswagen, commenting that the acquisition has “a trophy feel to it,” and, “is driven by VW’s passion for nameplates rather than industrial or financial logic”. Italian luxury car brand Lamborghini was strengthened under VW ownership. AUDI AG’s Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. subsidiary acquired 100 percent of the shares of Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. on 19 July 2012 for €747 million (US$909 million). Motorcycle designs Ducati is best known for high-performance motorcycles characterized by large-capacity four-stroke, 90° V-twin engines, with a desmodromic valve design. Ducati refers to this configuration as L-twin because one cylinder is vertical while the other is horizontal, making it look like a letter “L”. Modern Ducatis remain among the dominant performance motorcycles available today partly because of the desmodromic valve design, which is nearing its 50th year of use. Desmodromic valves are closed with a separate, dedicated cam lobe and lifter instead of the conventional valve springs used in most internal combustion engines in consumer vehicles. This allows the cams to have a more radical profile, thus opening and closing the valves more quickly without the risk of valvefloat, which causes a loss of power that is likely when using a “passive” closing mechanism under the same conditions.

which uses a toothed belt to actuate the engine’s valves. Taglioni used the Cavallino Rampante (identified with the Ferrari brand) on his Ducati motorbikes. Taglioni chose this emblem of courage and daring as a sign of respect and admiration for Francesco Baracca, a heroic World War I fighter pilot who died during an air raid in 1918. Ducati Apollo The 1964 Ducati Berliner 1260 Apollo was a prototype 1,257 cc (76.7 cu in) V4 engine motorcycle producing 100 bhp (75 kW) and capable of over 120 mph (190 km/h). It was never put into production, but did influence other production Ducatis that followed. Both Ducati and their United States distributor, Berliner Motor Corporation, were experiencing declining sales of existing small-capacity single-cylinder models, and sought to create a bike to compete with Harley-Davidson. Berliner Motor was keen to have a model that could win lucrative police motorcycle supply contracts, and that could also sell as a civilian touring bike. In 1959, the Berliner Motor Corporation approached Ducati

While most other manufacturers use wet clutches (with the spinning parts bathed in oil) Ducati previously used multiplate dry clutches in many of their motorcycles. The dry clutch eliminates the power loss from oil viscosity drag on the engine, even though the engagement may not be as smooth as the oil-bath versions, but the clutch plates can wear more rapidly. Ducati has converted to wet clutches across their current product lines. Ducati also extensively uses a trellis frame, although Ducati’s MotoGP project broke with this tradition by introducing a revolutionary carbon fibre frame for the Ducati Desmosedici GP9.

Fabio Taglioni

Product history The chief designer of most Ducati motorcycles in the 1950s was Fabio Taglioni (1920–2001). His designs ranged from the small single-cylinder machines that were successful in the Italian ‘street races’ to the large-capacity twins of the 1980s. Ducati introduced the Pantah in 1979; its engine was updated in the 1990s in the Ducati SuperSport (SS) series. All modern Ducati engines are derivatives of the Pantah,

about creating a rival to the Harley-Davidson to sell to police departments around the US. Author Greg Field, based on interviews with Mike Berliner, contends that Berliner went so far as to ship two Harley-Davidsons to Italy as examples (one was for Moto Guzzi), and that Ducati, rather than any Japanese company, was the first Harley-Davidson imitator. Mechanicals Fabio Taglioni was to develop a bike that conformed to US police specifications, and was bigger than any current model Harley-Davidson. Taglioni decided on an air-cooled 1257 cc 90° two-valve head V4 using a 180-degree crankshaft with roller bearing big ends. That crankshaft fitted into a horizontally split wet sump crankcase with a centre main bearing support. The bore was 84.5 mm, and the stroke 56 mm. Valve actuation was by pushrods and rocker arms. The engine was a stressed member of the heavy duty open cradle frame with a central box section front downtube between the forward cylinders. A small car-sized starter motor and generator were fitted. It had a five-speed transmission, at a time when most motorcycles had four. Ceriani developed the suspension package, but riders today would be alarmed by the inadequate front and rear single leading shoe 8.675 in (220.3 mm) drum brakes. The stopping distance was huge, and had to be allowed for. Heartland Magazine continues the History of Ducati in the next edition with Ducati in the 1970’s

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• • Alcohol and drugs

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The laws in NSW limit the amount of alcohol you can consume if you are driving a vehicle. It also is illegal to drive, attempt to drive or instruct a learner while affected by drugs.

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Alcohol The laws in NSW limit the amount of alcohol you can consume if you are driving a vehicle. Legal limits Your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) must be under the limit as shown in the table. Heavy penalties apply for driving with a blood alcohol concentration on or over the limit. Some foods and medications may contain alcohol which can register in a breath test, for example chocolates, cough lollies and mouthwashes. Always read the ingredients first. Blood alcohol concentration limits As a learner and provisional driver, you must not drive after you have consumed any alcoholic drinks or foods containing alcohol. This table shows the blood alcohol concentration limits for all licence classes. You must stay below these limits.

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Read the labels and information provided with the medication Don’t drive if you take a medicine that can affect your driving skills Never take someone else’s prescription medication as you don’t know how it might affect you Don’t consume alcohol with any medication Don’t drive if you have missed a dose of medicine that controls symptoms which affect your driving Don’t take more or less of the prescribed dose unless recommended by your doctor Arrange another form of transport – call a cab, ask a friend or relative for help or use public transport Don’t drive unless you are fit to do so.

It is illegal to drive, attempt to drive or instruct a learner while affected by drugs. Parking Parking rules are designed to stop vehicles from parking where it would be dangerous or inconvenient for others.

Medicines that affect driving: • Some pain killers • Medicines for blood pressure, nausea, allergies, inflammations • and fungal infections • Tranquillisers, sedatives and sleeping pills • Some diet pills • Some cold and flu medicines.

General parking rules You must not stop your vehicle (that is, bring it to a stop and either stay with the vehicle or leave it parked) in the following circumstances: • Double parked (that is in the road alongside a car that is parked) • On or across a driveway or footpath • On a median strip or traffic island • On motorways • In a clearway • On footpaths and nature strips • Between BUS STOP, BUS ZONE, TAXI STAND or TAXI ZONE signs • In a safety zone or within 10 metres before or after a safety zone • Within an intersection • Within 1 metre of another vehicle parked in front or behind (does not apply when angle parking) • Within 10 metres of an intersecting road at an intersection without traffic lights. • Within 3 metres of any double centre lines • Within 3 metres of an Australia Post letterbox unless dropping off or picking up passengers or mail • Within 20 metres before and 10 metres after a bus stop • On or within 20 metres before and 10 metres after a children’s’ crossing or pedestrian crossing • Within 1 metre of a fire hydrant, fire hydrant indicator or fire plug indicator • On a railway level crossing • Within 20 metres before and after a railway level crossing.

Reduce the risks: • Ask your doctor or chemist about driving when using the medication.

Parallel parking This is the usual way to park unless signs tell you otherwise. You must park in the same direction as the adjacent traffic

Drugs, legal and illegal Medicines and over-the-counter drugs Many prescription and some over-the-counter medicines may make you unfit to drive. They can affect your eyesight, concentration, mood, coordination and cause slower reaction times as a driver. Do not drive while taking medicines with a warning label that tells you not to drive.

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DO YOU REMEMBER and parallel and as close as possible to the kerb. On a one-way street, you may also park on the right hand side of the road. You should be entirely within any marking lines and at least one metre from any other parked vehicle.

on the road or kerb, unless there is a medical or other emergency. Sometimes a no stopping area is indicated by a solid yellow edge line. Hours of operation may apply to some signs. This means restrictions apply for those times only.

Angle parking

Taxi zone This sign means that in the direction of the arrow or arrows you are not allowed to stop your vehicle unless it is a taxi. Some taxi zones have times shown on the sign. You are allowed to stop your vehicle in these taxi stands at times other than those shown on the sign. When you hail a taxi, make sure you are not in a NO STOPPING or a BUS ZONE as taxis must not stop in these places.

Accessible parking

Bus zone This sign means that in the direction of the arrow or arrows you are not allowed to stop your vehicle unless you are driving a bus. Hours of operation may apply to some signs. This means restrictions apply for those times only.

Angle park at the kerb if indicated by signs or marking lines. Always park at an angle of 45 degrees unless a sign or road marking indicates differently. Always park your vehicle in the same direction as shown on the sign. When a sign does not give a direction you must park front to kerb. Only vehicles transporting a current Mobility Parking Scheme (MPS) permit holder can park in areas displaying this sign. The permit must be displayed in the parked vehicle. Permit holders must comply with the conditions of use of the permit. Where these signs appear within a taxi or loading zone, permit holders may be exempt. Parking restrictions If you park in places such as clearways or no parking zones, you may restrict traffic flow and create danger for other road users and residents. You must obey all parking signs. Fines apply for parking illegally and in some situations, demerit points also apply. Hourly parking

These signs mean that in certain areas you may park at the kerb for the time shown on the sign between certain hours and on particular days.

1P means that you may park at the kerb for one hour during the times displayed on particular days

Loading zone Only drivers of vehicles principally constructed for carrying goods may park their vehicle in a loading zone. These vehicles may stop for up to 30 minutes if they are being loaded or unloaded. A station wagon or a three-wheeled goods vehicle may stop for up to 15 minutes. If you are driving any other sort of vehicle you may only stop to pick up or set down passengers at the kerb. Hours of operation may apply to some signs. This means restrictions apply for those times only. Truck zone You must not park or stop at the kerb during the hours shown on the sign unless driving a truck over 4.5 tonnes GVM that is dropping off or picking up goods. Any type of vehicle may stop to set down or pick up passengers at the kerb. Hours of operation may apply to some signs. This means restrictions apply for those times only.

2P means you may park at the kerb for two hours during the times displayed on particular days 1/2 P means you may park at the kerb for 30 minutes during the times displayed on particular days No parking You must not stop for more than two minutes in a No Parking area. You must remain in or within 3 metres of the vehicle. Hours of operations may apply to some signs. This means restrictions apply for those times only. Mobility Parking Permit holders are allowed to park for up to 5 minutes in a No Parking area. No stopping/no standing These signs mean that in the area in the direction of the arrow you must not stop your vehicle at any point Heartland Magazine | 77

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THIS MONTH IN HISTORY April 14 1870 - Gold is discovered near the present-day town of Gulgong, sparking a major goldrush. 1986 - The winning entry is selected for the design of a flag for the Australian territory of Christmas Island. 1999 - A supercell dumps hail and wreaks havoc on Sydney, Australia. April 15 1823 - Allan Cunningham departs Bathurst to find an easier overland stock route to the Liverpool Plains. 1873 - Colonel Warburton sets out to cross the continent from central Australia to Perth. April 16 1920 - The South Australian city of Hummock’s Hill is proclaimed Whyalla. April 17 1935 - Australian airline Qantas operates its first overseas passenger flight. read more on page 78 2005 - Ownership of a replica of Captain Cook’s famous ship Endeavour is transferred to the Australian Government. April 18 1831 - Australia’s oldest newspaper, the Sydney Morning Herald, is launched. 1971 - Burger King opens its first Australian Hungry Jack’s store in Innaloo, Perth. April 19 1984 - Australia adopts ‘Advance Australia Fair’ as its national anthem. 1984 - Australia adopts Green and Gold as its national colours. April 20 1908 - Two trains collide at the Sunshine railway station in Victoria, Australia, killing 44 people. April 21 1861 - Explorers Burke, Wills and King stagger into their base camp at Cooper Creek upon their return from the Gulf of Carpentaria, and find it deserted. 1970 - The Hutt River province in Western Australia secedes from the Commonwealth of Australia. April 22 1788 - Governor Arthur Phillip sets out to explore Sydney Harbour. read more on page 78 April 23 1873 - William Gosse departs Alice Springs on an expedition, during which he discovers Ayers Rock. 1874 - Alf Gibson, companion to explorer Ernest Giles, disappears in the desert, resulting in the naming of the Gibson Desert. April 24 1804 - The first cemetery is established in the penal colony of Van Diemen’s Land, now Tasmania, Australia. April 25 1809 - Australia’s first postmaster is appointed. 1815 - Governor Macquarie departs Sydney to inspect the colony’s first western highway and the land west of the Blue Mountains. 1896 - South Australian women become the first in Australia to vote in an election. 1915 - ANZAC troops land at Gallipoli during World War I. April 26 1890 - Australian poet Banjo Paterson publishes his iconic bush ballad ‘The Man From Snowy River’. 1939 - Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister, Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, becomes Prime Minister for the first of his terms. 1970 - The National Carillon in Canberra is accepted by Queen Elizabeth II on behalf of the people of Australia.

April 27 1968 - The first Kentucky Fried Chicken in Australia opens. 1971 - Relics from the wreck of The Batavia are recovered in Houtman Abrolhos, off the coast of Western Australia. April 28 1949 - Melbourne is announced as the host city for the Games of the XVI Olympiad. 1996 - Port Arthur, Australia, becomes the scene of an horrific massacre of innocent men, women and children. April 29 1789 - Australia’s first bushranger, John ‘Black’ Caesar, is tried for theft, leading him to make escape plans. 1826 - Jorgen Jorgenson, self-proclaimed King of Iceland, arrives in Van Diemen’s Land as a convict. 1901 - The new Australian Commonwealth Government announces a Federal Flag design competition. 1941 - The town of Meeberrie, Western Australia, is hit by an earthquake. 1988 - Australian icon, the Stockman’s Hall of Fame, is opened in Longreach, Queensland. April 30 2006 - Two Tasmanian miners are found alive after being trapped underground for five days. May 1 1770 - Forby Sutherland becomes the first Englishman to be buried on Australian soil. 1891 - Australia’s first May Day marches are held in support of the shearers’ strike in Barcaldine. May 2 1829 - The city of Fremantle, Western Australia, is founded as Captain Fremantle hoists the Union Jack. May 3 1804 - The war between white settlers and Tasmanian Aborigines begins with the “Battle of Risdon”. read more on page 78 May 4 1842 - The colony of the Moreton Bay District is declared a free settlement. 1852 - The Second Gold Escort arrives in Adelaide, returning wealth from the Victorian goldfields to the colony of South Australia. 1864 - The first trout eggs introduced to Australia begin to hatch. 1897 - The first ocean-going steamer berths at the newly constructed Fremantle Harbour. May 5 1865 - Australian bushranger Ben Hall is shot dead by police. read more on page 78 1894 - The Australian slang term ‘fair dinkum’ appears in print for the first time. May 6 1875 - Giles departs on his final expedition, crossing the western deserts twice. May 7 1815 - Following completion of the first road over the Blue Mountains, Governor Macquarie names Bathurst. 2008 - The Black Opal is named as the NSW gemstone emblem. May 8 1876 - Truganini, believed to be the last full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigine, dies. 1901 - The Federal Labor Party is formed with John Christian Watson as its leader. May 9 1901 - The Duke of Cornwall and York, later King George V, opens the first Commonwealth Parliament in Australia. 1927 - The Australian Federal Parliament moves from

Continued next page

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THIS MONTH IN HISTORY continued Melbourne to Parliament House in Canberra. 1988 - Australia’s new Parliament House is opened by Queen Elizabeth II. 2006 - After being trapped underground for fourteen nights, Tasmanian miners Todd Russell and Brant Webb finally walk free. May 11 1813 - Lawson, Blaxland and Wentworth set out to cross the Blue Mountains in Australia’s first major exploration venture. May 12 1856 - A victory march is held in Victoria following the introduction of the eight hour working day. May 13 1787 - The First Fleet of convicts departs Portsmouth, England, bound for Botany Bay. 1792 - The first confirmed sighting of the elusive Tasmanian Tiger is made. 1984 - The Australian $1 banknote is replaced with a $1 coin. May 14 1855 - Australia’s first branch of the Royal Mint (London) commences operations in Sydney. 1943 - Australian Hospital Ship Centaur is sunk by a torpedo from a Japanese submarine. Wednesday, April 17, 1935. : Australian airline Qantas operates its first overseas passenger flight. Qantas is the name of Australia’s original airline service. The name Qantas was formerly an acronym for “Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services”. Qantas was founded in Queensland on 16 November 1920, and operated air mail services subsidized by the Australian government, linking railheads in western Queensland. In 1934, QANTAS Limited and Britain’s Imperial Airways, forerunner of British Airways, formed a new company, Qantas Empire Airways Limited. QEA commenced services between Brisbane and Singapore using deHavilland DH-86 Commonwealth Airliners. On 17 April 1935, the first overseas passenger flight from Brisbane to Singapore was operated in a journey which took four days. Most of the QEA fleet was taken over by the Australian government for war service between 1939 and 1945, and many of these aircraft were lost in action. After the war, QEA experienced severe financial losses, and the airline was taken over by the government under Labor Prime Minister Ben Chifley. In 1967, the name was changed to Qantas Airways Limited. Tuesday, April 22, 1788. : Governor Arthur Phillip sets out to explore Sydney Harbour. Captain Arthur Phillip was Governor of the colony of New South Wales, the first settlement of Europeans on Australian soil. Phillip was a practical man who suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet, but his proposal was rejected. Thus, he faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish a self-sufficient colony, including the fact that British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil. On 22 April 1788, less than three months after the arrival of the First Fleet to Australia, Phillip set out to explore Sydney Harbour, in search of more land suitable for settlement. Together with eleven men and enough provisions for six days, Phillip travelled as far as he could by boat up Sydney Harbour, 80 | Heartland Magazine

tracing the Parramatta River to the point where Parramatta itself would be established six months later, as Rose Hill. The party then spent four days travelling overland towards the Blue Mountains. Further progress was halted by ravines and untraversible countryside, and insufficient supplies, and Phillip returned to Sydney Cove determined to send out further exploration parties. Thursday, May 3, 1804. : The war between white settlers and Tasmanian Aborigines begins with the “Battle of Risdon”. For many years, Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania) was throught to be part of the mainland of Australia. In January 1799 Bass and Flinders completed their circumnavigation of Tasmania, proving it to be an island. As an island, Tasmania enjoyed the uniqueness of its own fauna and flora, and its own indigenous peoples, but all of these were severely disrupted by the arrival of Europeans. Van Diemen’s Land was settled as a separate colony in 1803. 3 May 1804 marks the first of the major hostilities between European settlers and Aborigines which ultimately led to the decimation of pure-blooded Tasmanian Aborigines. What became known as The Battle of Risdon began when a large group of about 300 aboriginal men on a kangaroo hunt inadvertently wandered into the British settlement. Thinking they were being attacked, the soldiers fired upon the party, killing three of the hunters. Debate has continued over the number of hunters actually killed. While early accounts said that two or three were killed, later the figure was expanded to fifty, and then upwards to 100. Friday, May 5, 1865. : Australian bushranger Ben Hall is shot dead by police. Ben Hall was born on 29 April or 9 May 1837 in Maitland, in the Hunter Valley of NSW. Both his parents had been convicted for minor stealing offences and transported to New South Wales, where they met and married, moving to the Hunter Valley after receiving their tickets of leave. As an adult, Hall became a successful grazier, and it is unknown why he turned to bushranging. However, after being falsely accused and arrested for robbery, then acquitted, he returned to his property to find his stock missing. This may have engendered disillusionment with the ‘straight’ life. Hall teamed up with bushranger Frank Gardiner in 1862. On 15 June 1862 Gardiner led a gang of ten, including Hall, to rob the gold escort coach near Eugowra of more than 14000 pounds in gold and banknotes. In another incident, Hall and his gang bailed up Robinson’s Hotel in Canowindra and held all the people of the town captive for three days. The prisoners were well treated and entertained, though the local constabulary was locked in his own cell. When the prisoners were freed the gang paid the hotelier and gave the townspeople “expenses”, thereby achieving the gang’s aim of ingratiating themselves in the public eye whilst lampooning the police. Hall’s bushranging career soured after the gang killed a police sergeant during a robbery, and he was declared an outlaw. Michael Connolly, who had previously given Hall assistance and protection, betrayed him to the police for a substantial reward. At dawn on 5 May 1865, Ben Hall was ambushed and shot by eight police. He was buried in the NSW town of Forbes.

HALL OF FAME - KINGSWOOD COUNTRY

Kingswood Country was an Australian sitcom that screened from 1980 to 1984 on the Seven Network. The series started on 30 January 1980 and was a spin-off from a sketch on comedy program The Naked Vicar Show that had featured Ross Higgins as a blustering suburban father. It was written by Gary Reilly and Tony Sattler and produced by their production company, RS Productions. The show won Logie Awards for Best Comedy in 1981 and 1982, and was briefly revived in a spin-off in 1997 titled Bullpitt, although it proved less successful. The Plot The show is a family sitcom focusing on the main character, Edward Melba “Ted” Bullpitt (Ross Higgins), a white Australian, conservative, Holden Kingswood-loving putty factory worker and WWII veteran and his interactions with his more progressive wife and two adult children. He lives for three things: his beloved chair in front of the TV, his unsuccessful racing greyhounds Repco Lad and Gay Akubra and his Holden Kingswood car (late in the show’s run Ted traded-in the Kingswood, which had gone out of production around the time the series began, for Holden’s replacement mid-range family car, the Commodore). His long-suffering wife, the vague and dithering Thelma (Judi Farr), was cast as a traditional housewife trapped by Ted’s conservative family views, but she often got her own back on Ted (this often included using old Myer receipts she had hidden in a drawer to fool Ted into thinking she paid less for a new item, often clothes, than she really had). Ted’s Kingswood is never shown on any episode. Humour was generated by the conflict of Ted’s traditional views and his children’s progressive nature. For example, his son Craig (Peter Fisher) is portrayed as a sexually rampant medical student and is referred to as an “Al Grassby Groupie”. His daughter, Greta (Laurel McGowan), is portrayed as a feminist and is married to Bruno (Lex Marinos), the son of Italian immigrants, to whom Ted objects (often referring to him as a “bloody wog”). Other politically incorrect humour includes Ted’s references to Neville, the concrete Aboriginal garden statue. This was named after Australia’s first Aboriginal Senator, Neville Bonner, who enjoyed it so much he visited the show’s recording. At other times, humour was based on the more traditional comedic methods of poorly thought-out schemes of Ted’s (usually get-richquick); class differences (between the suburban Bullpitts and Ted’s ‘Datsun dealer’ brother Bob and his upwardly-mobile wife Merle) and simple misunderstandings leading to a chain of humorous events. Characters Ted Bullpitt

Played by Ross Higgins. Ted, full name Edward Melba Bullpitt, is the main character of the series. He is intolerant and has a particular hatred (and fear) of Catholics. Ted was part of a kitchen unit captured by the Italians in World War Two. His favourite thing, over his wife and family, is his Holden Kingswood. He also enjoys reading the comic Mandrake, sitting in his chair in front of the television, either while reading the paper or with his tankard of beer as well as tending to his greyhounds (Gay Akubra and Repco Lad). Ted is known as “Big Bum Bullpitt” to the students and nuns at the local Catholic school St Joseph’s. He is also afraid of the nuns, though seems to like Sister Maria as she also likes beer. According to Ted, he is a descendant of Lord Stokely Bullpitt of Kingswood who died in 1786 as he fell from his horse during a nun hunt. His only son was illegitimate so therefore could not claim his father’s title. That son married an Italian kitchen maid named Maria Bertalucci – an ancestor of Bruno. The title was first bestowed by Henry VIII to a man whom he gave a large section of his forest or the King’s Wood, hence the title. Thelma Bullpitt Played by Judi Farr. Thelma, known as “Thel” for short, is Ted’s wife and mother of Craig and Greta. She often answers the telephone with catchphrases in the hope of winning the latest prize from TV Week or whatever competition is currently running on the radio. Thelma also keeps a drawer full of old receipts to show Ted after buying expensive items from Myer (she simply holds her fingers over the date and waves the receipt at him, showing a small purchase). Thelma gives very specific advice on how to perform everyday chores – for example, making coffee or tea, “You’ll have to add hot water dear, otherwise it’ll be a bit dry”. In the spin-off, Bullpit, it is revealed she divorced Ted, married an Italian and lives in Italy. Craig Bullpitt Played by Peter Fisher. Craig is Ted’s only son. He is a medical student and later in the series marries his girlfriend Wendy. Greta Bertolucci Played by Laurel McGowan. Greta is Ted’s only daughter and is married to Bruno Bertolucci. Bruno Bertolucci Played by Lex Marinos. Bruno is Ted’s son-in-law, who he refers to as ‘The Wog’ and is married to Greta. He drives a purple Valiant, which is often a sore point with the Holden-loving Ted. Bruno takes great delight in poking fun at Ted and calling him ‘Grumblebum’ or ‘Teddles’, but affectionately calls Thelma ‘Mrs B’ and has sympathy with her for having to put up with Ted. continued page 95 Heartland Magazine | 81

Twin towns separated by a bridge across Wallis Lake. Forster and Tuncurry are two coastal towns which are separated by a very large concrete bridge across Wallis Lake. The twin towns sit to the north and south of Cape Hawke Harbour, the entrance to Wallis Lake which stretches for 26 km down the coast. Forster-Tuncurry is a typical holiday resort with lots of accommodation; plenty of takeaway food and local seafood cafes; pleasant fishing, surfing and swimming areas; and a seductive and lazy holiday ambience. The coast and the Booti Booti National Park, which lies to the south of the town, are ideal for birdwatching and bushwalking. The endangered bird species, the little tern, breeds on two of Wallis Lake’s many islands. Location: Forster-Tuncurry is located 306 km north of Sydney via the Pacific Highway and The Lakes Way and from Brisbane head south 639 km via the Pacific Hwy and The Lakes Way. Origin of Name The town was known as “Minimbah” until it was surveyed in 1869 when it was renamed after William Forster, the then Secretary of Lands (1868-1870). Tuncurry was known as North Forster until 1875 when John Wright set up camp there. He adopted the local Worimi Aboriginal place name “Tuncurry” which probably meant “plenty fish” Things to See and Do The Beaches From the centre of the Forster central business district there are four beaches stretching east from Cape Hawke Harbour. The gloriously peaceful Nine Mile Beach lies north of the breakwater. Each has its own appeal and the southern beaches are all linked by the excellent Bicentennial Walk. Nine Mile Beach 82 | Heartland Magazine

Nine Mile Beach, the Tuncurry Rockpool and the northern breakwater can all be accessed on the northern side of the bridge that joins Forster and Tuncurry. Take the first right into Wharf Street, then turn right again at Beach Street and right again into Rockpool Road. There is a rock pool, grassed areas, a walking track beside the entrance to the lake, a kiosk, showers, toilets, a childrens’ playground, and a pleasant bathing and picnic area with barbecue facilities. It is possible to walk out to the end of the breakwater where dolphins can sometimes be seen at play. Nine Mile Beach extends up to Black Head and Hallidays Point. Forster Beach Forster Beach stretches from the southern breakwater to the headland overlooking the rock pool at the eastern end of the beach. It is patrolled in season, is popular all the year round with swimmers, has showers, toilets, a kiosk, picnic facilities and ocean baths at its eastern edge. Over the road the local council has permitted high rise buildings so it has a marginally more salubrious feel than the beaches on the Gold Coast. Just off North Street is the start of the Bicentennial Walk along the coastline. Above the baths is Second Head and on the eastern side of the headland is Pebbly Beach which is recognised as a superior surfing spot. The Bicentennial Walk The Bicentennial Walk starts near the ocean baths at the eastern end of Forster Beach. It heads all the way to Bennett Head and on to One Mile Beach. This is the perfect introduction to the charm of the area. The Tanks Beyond Pebbly Beach are The Tanks, an unusual parallel rock formation which protects swimmers from the the waves. The parallel rocks have produced a natural, safe swimming area. Bennetts Head It is possible to walk up to Bennetts Head on the

Forster-Tuncurry NSW Bicentennial Walk or drive on Bennett Head Road and Marine Drive. At the top is an impressive lookout over sheer cliffs and a path down to the dunes at the northern end of One Mile Beach. Bennetts Head was named after the family who built a home at the foot of the headland in 1864. One Mile Beach Immediately south of Bennetts Head is One Mile Beach which is an unusual combination of attractions. At the northern end, blown by the southerlies, are huge sand dunes. The beach is a good surfing location with grassed picnicbarbecue areas at the southern end. It has a surf club, a kiosk, showers and toilets. It is patrolled is season. Perhaps the most impressive attraction on the beach is Collendina Reserve. John Ward Rainforest Walk and Collendina Reserve One of the hidden wonders of Forster is the John Ward Rainforest Walk, a short walk on a boardwalk which is a wonderland of tropical species including many rare examples of bush tucker which was once eaten by the local Aborigines. Collendina Reserve and the John Ward Rainforest Walk behind One Mile Beach south of Forster-Tuncurry are artlessly simple. A short boardwalk through a “reserve that contains a number of different structural vegetation types including coastal dunes, coast banksia scrub and littoral rainforest. Littoral rainforest (they are rainforests which grow on sand dunes, are over 70% shade trees which can grow up to 30 metres tall, and are now endangered because, decades ago, they were ruined by sand mining) is of particular importance. It is a highly diverse, closed canopy system that

provides habitat for a range of dependent flora and fauna species.” The visitor walks, for no more than 200300 metres on boardwalks, through dense rainforest and is amazed at the names (every tree and bush is clearly marked) which they have never heard before. There are such exotics as Hairy Clerodendrum (night flying moths pollinate the sweetly fragrant flowers), Black Apple, Mangrove Boobialla, Ribbonwood, Spiny-Headed Mat Rush, Veiny Wilkiea, Rusty Fig (a popular fruit for the Worimi people), Beach Birds Eye, Tuckeroo, Brush Bloodwood and Plum Pine. The tiny reserve, which runs in a narrow strip behind One Mile Beach and can be accessed from the Car Park in Strand Street, contains a staggering 130 native plant species. Burgess Point and Burgess Beach At the southern end of One Mile Beach, beyond the Cape Hawke SLSC is Burgess Point and on its southern side is Burgess Beach, a small and quiet beach accessed by a steep path which runs off Burgess Street. It is a good spot for families with shelter on three sides and plenty of small rock cave formations which can be explored. A bit of History Prior to the arrival of Europeans the area was home to the Worimi Aboriginal people for tens of thousands of years. Captain Cook sailed along the coast and passed the area on 12 May, 1770.. In 1799 Matthew Flinders sailed past the area.

in 1816. The captain of one of the ships, his wife, child and two crew reached Newcastle. The rest were presumed drowned. In 1818, John Oxley and his party, en route to Sydney after an inland expedition, carried a boat from Booti Booti to Boomerang Beach where they spent the night. Oxley named Wallis Lake after the commandant of the penal settlement at Newcastle. The area was part of the million-acre land grant given to the Australian Agricultural Company (AAC) in 1825. They found the soils poor and the grant reverted to the crown. By 1831 timber cutters were around Cape Hawke. They scoured the rainforests for cedar and pine using the Wang Wauk River and Wallis Lake to float logs to the coast. By the 1850s Chinese shepherds hired by the AAC were fishing off the coast and drying their wares for sale in Sydney, on the goldfields and overseas. The Godwin family took up land at Cape Hawke in 1863. They had arrived from Gosford in 1856. George Garlick Godwin sent wild honey and Cape Hawke oysters to Sydney. One of his daughters was the first white person to be born in the area. The townsite, then known as ‘Minimbah’, was first surveyed in 1869 and renamed in 1870 after William Forster. A school opened in 1870

Two ships were wrecked off Cape Hawke Heartland Magazine | 83

LET’S COOK - AUTUMN EDITION - BRAISED LAMB SHANKS WITH PARSLEY AND LEMON Ingredients

• • • • • • • • • • • •

50g (1/3 cup) plain flour Salt & ground black pepper, to taste 4 (about 400g each) lamb shanks, fat trimmed 1 tablespoon olive oil 2 leeks, thinly sliced, washed, dried 1 680g can tomato soup 250ml (1 cup) dry white wine 250ml (1 cup) Massel vegetable liquid stock 1/3 cup chopped fresh continental parsley 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped 2 teaspoons finely grated lemon rind Mashed potatoes, to serve

Method Step 1 Season the flour generously with salt and pepper. Coat the lamb shanks in the seasoned flour, shaking off any excess. Step 2 Heat oil in a large heavy-based saucepan over medium-high heat. Add 2 lamb shanks and cook, turning occasionally, for 3-4 minutes or until well browned. Transfer to a large plate and set aside. Repeat with the remaining lamb shanks. Reduce heat to medium and add the leeks to the pan. Cook, uncovered, stirring occasionally, for 3 minutes or until leeks soften slightly. Step 3 Gradually add soup, wine and stock, scraping the pan to dislodge any bits that have cooked onto the base. Add lamb shanks, increase heat to high and bring to the boil. Reduce heat to low, cover and simmer, stirring occasionally, for 1 1/2 hours or until meat starts to come away from bones. Step 4 Meanwhile, combine the parsley, garlic and lemon rind in a small bowl. Step 5 Divide the mashed potatoes and lamb shanks among serving plates. Sprinkle the lamb with the parsley mixture and serve. Notes Keep in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 3 days (the flavours will develop on standing). 84 | Heartland Magazine

LET’S COOK - AUTUMN EDITION - BRAISED LAMB SHANKS WITH PARSLEY AND LEMON Old Fashioned Creamy Rice Pudding • • • • • • • •

1 1/2 cups cooked rice 2 cups milk, divided 1/4 teaspoon salt 2/3 cup golden raisins (optional) 1 egg, beaten 1/3 cup white sugar 1 tablespoon butter 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract

Method Combine cooked rice, 1 1/2 cups milk, and salt in a saucepan over medium heat; cook and stir until thick and creamy, 15 to 20 minutes. Stir remaining 1/2 cup milk, golden raisins, beaten egg, and white sugar into the rice mixture; stirring continually. Continue cooking until egg is set, 2 to 3 minutes. Remove saucepan from heat; stir butter and vanilla extract into the pudding. Prep time 10 minutes

Cook Time 20 minutes

Ready in 30 minutes

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NATURAL PRODUCTS - HEALTHY BENEFITS OF RAW GARLIC On the list of pungent-yet-healthy foods (apple cider vinegar shots, onions, tuna) raw garlic may just top the list. Besides the obvious concerns (can you say garlic breath and B.O.?), it’s not exactly one you often hear about being good for you. But it turns out, not only is are there benefits of raw garlic, but the best way to reap the rewards is by eating it raw. 1. A nutrient powerhouse: One benefit of raw garlic is that its fill of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B6, manganese, selenium, vitamin c, iron, potassium, and copper. This powerhouse combination is especially good for cognitive function: Vitamin B6 and magnesium are both linked to boosting mood and improving brain health. 2. It supports a healthy immune system. You have the vitamin C in raw garlic to thank for this one. For a more savory immunity booster than oranges, incorporate some raw garlic into your meals. 3. It’s anti-inflammatory: Garlic contains allyl sulphides, an anti-inflammatory, cancer-fighting compound that studies have shown to slow the growth rate of cancer cells. Because it’s antiinflammatory, this means it also helps protect the body from free radicals. 4. It’s good for your liver: Studies have shown that it can protect the liver from some toxins, and help lower blood sugar levels. This helps your body flush out

toxins more efficiently, which benefits the entire body overall. Side effects Eating raw garlic is not as easy as it sounds, FYI. For starters, it can be super intense and even cause a burning sensation once you start chewing it. Other potential side effects include “gastrointestinal burning or irritation, heartburn, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.” Um, yikes. “It can produce changes in intestinal flora,” she adds.

Usage ideas One way to make raw garlic go down a bit easier is to slice the clove into thin slices and sandwich them between apple slices. The apple will help cover up the pungent flavour, and mixing the garlic with another food will make the whole experience a lot more tolerable. You can try cutting the clove into four small pieces and swallowing whole like a pill to avoid the pungent effect from chewing it. Some other ideas for eating raw garlic include:

People taking certain medications should proceed with caution since raw garlic can potentially react with some drugs including anticoagulants, antiplatelet, hypoglycaemic, and insulin. If you’re on other meds it’s always a good idea to talk with your doctor before incorporating any kind of supplement or herb (like raw garlic) into your diet, FYI. All of this is to say, experiment with your raw garlic intake. Go small and if it seems to agree with your body, awesome. If not: this veggie just isn’t for you—and that’s okay. Since the potential side effects of eating raw garlic sound less than ideal, there are (thankfully) lots of different ways you can get all of the benefits of eating raw garlic, without well, having to chew an actual clove of garlic, detailed next.

• Mince a garlic clove and toss into your salad or salad dressing • Make garlic toast, like this blogger, by mincing the raw garlic, and then mix with some ghee or butter, and spread on toast • Add to soups or juice with other veggies If you really hate the taste but want to reap the benefits of raw garlic, there are garlic extract supplements available, including ones that are odourless.

The foods listed are a recommendation only. Consult your doctor if you have any health problems first. 86 | Heartland Magazine

8 Winter Beauty Tips for Your Skin, Hair and Lips Winter is coming - But the season can also play havoc with your skin, leading to dry, flaky skin and chapped lips, if adequate care is not taken. This becomes especially important for young brides; whose weddings are right around the corner. Here are a few tips that will help you keep your skin hydrated and glowing throughout the season. Dry skin suffers more than oily skin so if you have dry skin, you should follow these tips more religiously. However, the following measures are helpful for all types of skin1. Watch Your Diet Your skin texture depends not only on external treatments, but also on your food intake. A proper nutritious intake helps in rejuvenating the skin from within. Water is essential for our body and a good intake of 3-4 litres daily should be maintained by all. This helps in retaining the moisture of your skin as well as keeping skin disorders at bay. Fruits and vegetables in your daily diet release a lot of water into your system. Primrose syrup / capsules and olive oil in your diet aid in softening the skin. 2. Moisturise Daily Cold weather and cool winds aggravate dry skin condition. Moisturisers and cold creams are a must during winters. Tone and moisture after each cleansing to preserve and replenish the moisture in your skin. Use a moisturising night cream every evening. Apply a daytime moisturiser around your eyes and on dry areas each morning, after a dermatologist’s opinion on suitable brands. Use the paste of ground green gram powder instead of soap to work your way to soft and supple skin if you believe in going natural. You can also mix it with curd / raw milk. 3. Oil Therapy Pamper you skin with a little coconut oil before a bath to heal dryness and chaps. Use a creamy soap that renders that extra suppleness to your skin. Wait 30 minutes after bathing, or washing your face, before going out into frigid air. Splash your face with cool water when you come back inside as it’s known that extreme temperature changes can burst capillaries near the skin’s surface. Add a few drops of oil to the water that you are using to bathe. This will help retain the moisture lost when bathing. In fact, going for a pre-bath

warm oil self-massage, called abhyanga, is highly recommended. Avoid using very hot water during winter as it can decrease the natural oils of your skin. Instead shorten your bath time 4. Include Flaxseeds, Almonds and Ghee Although it doesn’t necessarily taste fabulous, flaxseed oil can moisturise your body from the inside. Since it is rich in vital fatty acids, it can do a lot for your overall health. It is available in oil form as well as in capsule form. Give your skin lipid support from within by including soaked and blanched almonds, soaked walnuts, whole milk, fresh cheese, and ghee (clarified butter) in your diet which will definitely add wonders to your skin. 5. Amla The amla fruit (Indian Gooseberry) is the richest known natural source of vitamin C. Amla provides concentrated nourishment to the deeper layers of the skin. Take it on a regular basis to replenish the skin from within. 6. Lip Care Avoid licking your lips and don’t bite the skin on the surface of your lips. The skin will never have a chance to heal if you chew on it. It will end up becoming thicker, giving you black coloured lips. This is a hard habit to break but well worth the effort. 7. Lip Balm Keep lips covered with a good balm applied several times during the day. Lip balms are now commonly available with an SPF factor. Make sure the lip balm contains SPF 15 or 20. Other ingredients to look out for while buying a lip balm or chap stick are vitamin E and shea butter. Massaging lips with ghee (clarified butter) and leaving a thin layer on overnight acts as a natural protection for lips. 8. Hair Care Don’t go outside with your hair wet as you may risk breakage. Avoid using blow dryers and curling irons on your hair. Even if you are using those equipment’s, apply conditioner before using them. Busting Myths So, who said sunscreen is only for the summers? The sun is out 365 days a year and be it summer, rain or winter, you need to protect your skin from the sun. Photo damage could result in early wrinkling, and increase in pigmentation can occur if one does not apply sunscreen during winters.

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2019 Grant Burge GB56 Shiraz

This full bodied wine is vibrant purple with aromas of blackberry, spice and hints of cherries, which all show on the palate. It has excellent fruit flavours along with complex oak and savoury spice. Delicious with char-grilled red meat and hearty Italian dishes.

2019 Tahbilk One Million Cuttings Sauvignon Blanc

Fresh and feeling frisky (or at least smelling frisky), this Tahbilk Sauvignon Blanc has a nose that just screams ‘I’m Sauvignon Blanc’. Think passionfruit, then tropical fruit and then a crisp finish.

Please drink sensibly, do not drink and drive or drink while pregnant. If you have a drinking problem please see www.aa.org.au or call 1300 222 222 88 | Heartland Magazine

Reserve de Sainte Cécile Rosé 2016

Dry, aromatic, and full of luscious, soft fruit flavours, this is a beautiful Rose to keep chilled in the fridge for whenever company comes to call! In the winter, it pairs beautifully with spicy Southeast Asian cuisine, and in the summer, it simply can’t be beat when enjoyed with dripping fresh seafood!

Innocent Bystander Pink Moscato

This vibrant and exciting wine is lighter in alcohol with green apple and fairy floss characters that leap out of the glass. This is sweet, fun and unashamedly easy drinking. Naturally effervescent and cold fermented it is made from old vine Gordo and Black Muscat.

Please drink sensibly, do not drink and drive or drink while pregnant. If you have a drinking problem please see www.aa.org.au or call 1300 222 222 Heartland Magazine | 89

Kevin Hogan - MP

Chris Gulaptis - Member for Clarence As a community, now is the time we come together. Let’s all do the right thing. Washing our hands and following strict social distancing will slow the spread and get us through this.

Below is some important information regarding the Coronavirus (COVID-19) and support that is available for individuals, households and businesses. • www.australia.gov.au is a link to a central source for key updates on the Government’s response across all areas of COVID-19. • A 24/7 National Coronavirus Health Information Line is available on 1800 020 080. The phone line provides health and situation information on the outbreak. • The Federal Government has announced significant support for individuals and households, for more information please visit www.treasury.gov.au • We have also announced important support for businesses, to see what is available for you, please visit www. business.gov.au or call the Business Support Hotline on 13 28 46. • To find out more about COVID-19 symptoms, what to do if you’re feeling unwell, and how to best protect yourself, please visit www.health.gov.au Please stay safe, this will pass, but it is important that we all do what we can, to try and limit the impact of this.

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At the time of writing it is good to report that the Clarence and Richmond Valley communities are responding to the unprecedented coronavirus menace just as well as they did to the exceptionally bad bushfire season. Our natural instinct is to stand together in a moment of crisis, but that is exactly what we cannot do, at least physically, if we are going to beat this pandemic. And beat it, we will. I have been encouraging people to follow all the new rules, especially social distancing and eliminating nonessential travel. At the same time, we must stand together and fortunately technology can help us do that safely. April is traditionally quite a social month for Australians. We are used to enjoying extended family and friends barbecues over Easter and packed Anzac Day services in community halls. We like to have a few friends over for a beer as we watch how the beginning of the footy season unfolds. None of that is possible in the 2020 coronavirus world. That doesn’t mean you should be out of touch: pick up the phone every day, learn to interact via Skype or the like, become closer to those you love even though you are apart. We can also be proud that we have three levels of Government doing their utmost to keep us safe and see us through this thing. The feds are pumping huge amounts of money in to keep the economy and jobs going; the NSW Government has dramatically scaled up its investment in health services and cut tax and regulations for small business; and local government is delivering the services we need on the ground. It has been said this is the biggest crisis Australia has faced since the World Wars. I am confident we will get through it with the same extraordinary Aussie courage, mateship and dignity that gave birth to the Anzac legend. Now that will be something to tell your grandkids in a few years’ time.

Janelle Saffin - MP 20 projects share in $300,000 to build local communities LAST month I was pleased to announce that 20 community projects across my electorate of Lismore will share $300,000 in funding under the NSW Government’s 2019 Community Building Partnership Program. I called on the NSW Government to bring forward from May applications for the program’s 2020 round as an extra economic boost for the Northern Rivers, Northern Tablelands and country New South Wales. Given that we had 60 applications in 2019 – all very worthy projects – I believe there also needs to be a more generous electorate allocation of $600,000 or even $1million to ensure that more great projects get up in the future.

– Lismore Scout Hall painting upgrade, $11,600. • The Girl Guides Association of New South Wales – replace downpipes and clean surrounding cement areas and walls of Lismore Girl Guides Hall, $2694. • Nimbin Headers Sports Club Incorporated – club field No. 2 drainage upgrade, $21,558. • Kyogle Golf Club Limited – renovation of toilets, including installation of ambulant facilities, $16,379. • Tweed Valley Woodcraft Association – electrical upgrade, $3400. • South Gundurimba Hall Incorporated – hall repair and maintenance, $6500. • Whian Whian Memorial Hall Incorporated – a new roof for the hall, $21,000. • Far North Coast Hockey Incorporated – installation of solar panels on the FNC Clubhouse roof, Goonellabah, $25,172. For more information about the NSW Government’s Community Building Partnership Program, visit www.nsw.gov.au/cbp

We are heading into an autumn/winter season with the added challenges of COVID-19, and on the other side of this period, local communities will be working to recover. Spreading grassroots funding is a good way of providing practical support. I personally phoned representatives of 20 successful organisations to congratulate them and am very much looking forward to seeing their projects delivered on the ground across four Local Government Areas. Successful projects for 2019 include: • Lismore Soup Kitchen Incorporated – fourth and final stage of underpinning The Winsome homeless shelter, $21,780. • Tenterfield and District Community FM Radio Association Incorporated – Replacement of essential community broadcasting equipment, $11,346. • Kyogle Together Incorporated – The Laneway Community Space, a much-needed storage shed, $5100. • Ngulingah Local Aboriginal Land Council – Ngahri Wa Jarjum, children’s playground, $39,353. • Friends of Lismore Rainforest Botanic Gardens Incorporated – accessible amenities at visitors’ centre, $25,000. • RED (Realising Every Dream) Incorporated – purchase of hybrid motor vehicle to provide transport for people with disabilities, $20,000. • Rainbow Region Community Farms Incorporated – PV solar system for Lismore Community Garden’s outdoor kitchen, $4576. • Murwillumbah Sporting Car Club – young driver program, $4550. • Tenterfield Shire Council – installation of covered area at Tenterfield War Memorial Baths, $20,000. • Clunes Community Preschool Association Incorporated – bathroom refurbishment, $25,000. • Country Women’s Association of NSW - Tabulam Branch – a shower for the community in the CWA Rooms, $6200. • The Scout Association of Australia NSW Branch – Murwillumbah Scout Hall repairs, $8792. • The Scout Association of Australia NSW Branch

PROJECT SUCCESS: Kyogle Golf Club President Col Griffiths pictured with fellow board member, sponsor and player Jim Hurley at a major event late last year.

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How to spot a fake

These are only a few of the follow up approaches scammers may use try to get more money from you. New approaches could be quite different from the original scam and could come quickly or some time later. Scammers may have passed your details to other scammers who use entirely different methods and the new approach may seem totally unrelated to the original scam.

Documents are easily faked. Some will look just like the real thing but others might have warning signs, such as:

Dating & romance

• • • • •

Scammers take advantage of people looking for romantic partners, often via dating websites, apps or social media by pretending to be prospective companions. They play on emotional triggers to get you to provide money, gifts or personal details

generic rather than personal greeting names of organisations that don’t exist poorer quality presentation poorer quality grammar and spelling overly official or forced language.

Documents such as flight itineraries and bank statements have simple, uncomplicated layouts even when they are legitimate because such businesses allow their customers to print online statements. This means that scammers can easily create fake documents by using information available online such as company logos and graphics from websites. Clues for spotting a fake email Scammers can easily fake an officiallooking email, using the same logo and design as the real company. Often your guard is down when you receive an email from a company you’ve dealt with before, such as Australia Post or an online shopping site you use. If you’re not expecting an email, always be alert to a fake before clicking on any links or opening any attachments. Clues for spotting a fake dating profile

How this scam works Dating and romance scams often take place through online dating websites, but scammers may also use social media or email to make contact. They have even been known to telephone their victims as a first introduction. These scams are also known as ‘catfishing’. Scammers typically create fake online profiles designed to lure you in. They may use a fictional name, or falsely take on the identities of real, trusted people such as military personnel, aid workers or professionals working abroad. Dating and romance scammers will express strong emotions for you in a relatively short period of time, and will suggest you move the relationship away from the website to a more private channel, such as phone, email or instant messaging. They often claim to be from Australia or another western country, but travelling or working overseas.

When looking at a new dating profile, note anything unusual about their choice of: • photo • location • interests • language skills matched to background. Scammers often use fake photos they’ve found online. Tip: Do an image search of your admirer to help determine if they really are who they say they are. You can use image search services such as Google or TinEye. Follow up scams Scammers will often try to take advantage when you’re feeling vulnerable and try to extract more money from you through a follow up scam. Some common follow up scams include: • offers from a law enforcement agency to investigate your scam and retrieve your money for a fee. Law enforcement agencies do not charge for their services • a doctor calling you to alert you that the scammer urgently needs medical bills to be paid or they might die • a woman contacting you to explain she is the scammer’s wife and wants to escape him but needs money to do so. 92 | Heartland Magazine

Scammers will go to great lengths to gain your interest and trust, such as showering you with loving words, sharing ‘personal information’ and even sending you gifts. They may take months to build what may feel like the romance of a lifetime and may even pretend to book flights to visit you, but never actually come. Once they have gained your trust and your defences are down, they will ask you (either subtly or directly) for money, gifts or your banking/credit card details. They may also ask you to send pictures or videos of yourself, possibly of an intimate nature. Often the scammer will pretend to need the money for some sort of personal emergency. For example, they may claim to have a severely ill family member who requires immediate medical attention such as an expensive operation, or they may claim financial hardship due to an unfortunate run of bad luck

such as a failed business or mugging in the street. The scammer may also claim they want to travel to visit you, but cannot afford it unless you are able to lend them money to cover flights or other travel expenses. Sometimes the scammer will send you valuable items such as laptop computers and mobile phones, and ask you to resend them somewhere. They will invent some reason why they need you to send the goods but this is just a way for them to cover up their criminal activity. Alternatively they may ask you to buy the goods yourself and send them somewhere. You might even be asked to accept money into your bank account and then transfer it to someone else. Sometimes the scammer will tell you about a large amount of money or gold they need to transfer out of their country, and offer you a share of it. They will tell you they need your money to cover administrative fees or taxes. Dating and romance scammers can also pose a risk to your personal safety as they are often part of international criminal networks. Scammers may attempt to lure their victims overseas, putting you in dangerous situations that can have tragic consequences. Regardless of how you are scammed, you could end up losing a lot of money. Online dating and romance scams cheat Australians out of millions every year. The money you send to scammers is almost always impossible to recover and, in addition, you may feel long-lasting emotional betrayal at the hands of someone you thought loved you. Warning signs You meet someone online and after just a few contacts they profess strong feelings for you, and ask to chat with you privately. If you met on a dating site they will try and move you away from the site and communicate via chat or email. Their profile on the internet dating website or their Facebook page is not consistent with what they tell you. For example, their profile picture looks different to their description of themselves, or they say they are university educated but their English is poor. After gaining your trust – often waiting weeks, months or even years – they tell you an elaborate story and ask for money, gifts or your bank account/credit card details.

Be alert to things like spelling and grammar mistakes, inconsistencies in their stories and others signs that it’s a scam like their camera never working if you want to Skype each other. Be cautious when sharing personal pictures or videos with prospective partners, especially if you’ve never met them before. Scammers are known to blackmail their targets using compromising material. If you agree to meet a prospective partner in person, tell family and friends where you are going. Scamwatch strongly recommends you do not travel overseas to meet someone you have never met before. Consider carefully the advice on www. smarttraveller.gov.au before making any plans. Be wary of requests for money. Never send money or give credit card details, online account details, or copies of important personal documents to anyone you don’t know or trust. Avoid any arrangement with a stranger that asks for up-front payment via money order, wire transfer, international funds transfer, pre-loaded card or electronic currency, like Bitcoin. It is rare to recover money sent this way. Do not agree to transfer money for someone else: money laundering is a criminal offence. Be very careful about how much personal information you share on social network sites. Scammers can use your information and pictures to create a fake identity or to target you with a scam. Have you been scammed? If you think you have been scammed, report it to the website, app, or social media site where the scammer first approached you. Let them know the scammer’s profile name and any other details that may help them to stop others being scammed. If you think you have provided your account details to a scammer, contact your bank or financial institution immediately. We encourage you to report scams to the ACCC via the report a scam page. Spread the word to your friends and family to protect them.

Their messages are often poorly written, vague and escalate quickly from introduction to love. If you don’t send money straight away, their messages and calls become more desperate, persistent or direct. If you do send money, they continue to ask you to send more. They don’t keep their promises and always have an excuse for why they can’t travel to meet you and why they always need more money. Protect yourself Never send money to someone you haven’t met in person. Always consider the possibility that the approach may be a scam, particularly if the warning signs listed above appear. Try to remove the emotion from your decision making no matter how caring or persistent the ‘prospective partner’ is. Do an image search of your admirer to help determine if they really are who they say they are. You can use image search services such as Google or TinEye.

Information sourced from https://www.accc.gov.au Heartland Magazine | 93

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

94 | Heartland Magazine

Kingswood Country continued

Bob Bullpitt Played by Colin McEwan. Ted’s brother. Bob, is a used car salesman, often referred to as a ‘Bloody Datsun dealer’ by Ted. He has a love-hate relationship with both Ted and his wife Merle and insults are often traded, though he does have a soft spot for Thelma. His trademark greeting is ‘hey-dee ho everybody, here comes the party!”

(the longest running such ad in Australia) as well as Mr. Pound, when decimal currency was first introduced in Australia. Judi Farr (Thelma Bullpitt)

Merle Bullpit Played by Maggie Dence. Ted’s upwardly mobile sister-in-law and is married to his brother Bob. Seems to dislike both Bob and Ted and often insults them both, although she gets on well with her sister-in-law despite Thelma’s sometimes vague nature. Rosa Bertolucci Played by Sheila Kennelly. After Ted’s wife Thelma leaves, Bertolucci comes to look after hapless Ted She defines herself as a happy-go-lucky wog. Catchphrases The series has spawned some catchphrases such as:

• • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

“Don’t ‘Dad’ me boy/girl, I’m your father!”. “Don’t ‘Mum and Dad’ us boy/girl, we’re your parents” was also used. “Pickle me grandmother!” [when surprised from behind] “Strewth! Give a man a heart attack!” “Strike me Catholic!” [when someone asks to drink his beer] “Put the money on the fridge!”. Sometimes changed to “Put the money on the fridge Wog!” when Bruno asked Ted for a beer. “Somebody/someone should blow [current object of annoyance] up!” e.g. “Someone should blow those nuns up!” “The Kingswood! You’re not taking the Kingswood!...” [insert far-fetched excuse] e.g. “I’ve just ducoed the tyres” or “I’ve just glad-wrapped the aerial!” or “I’ve just Mr Sheened the number-plate!” “When I was a boy... “ [insert long-winded, far-fetched story] Always responded to with “Yeah, yeah sure Ted/Dad.” “Hate, hate, vomit!” [when asked how his day went] “Bloody shambles, of course!” [the universal insult for a miserable, miserly old man] “Grumblebum!” [in response to someone mishearing his surname] “No, everyone says that. Its Bull-PITT”. Also said often by Thelma when talking on the phone. “Where’s the bloody Kingswood?” “Attila the Nun” “Bloody wogs!” “Bloody woman!” “Blow ‘em all up!” “Watch it mate!” “No wonder the country’s in a mess” “I win, you lose, and I’m the king of the castle” “Bloody nuns” “Never marry a woman mate”

Main Cast Ross Higgins (Ted Bullpitt)

Ross Higgins (14 June 1931 – 7 October 2016) was an Australian vaudevillian, character actor, television host, comedian, singer and voice actor. He was best known for his role as Ted Bullpitt in the 1980s television situation comedy series Kingswood Country and brief revival Bullpitt!. He was also a commercial advertiser who provided the voice of animated character “Louie the Fly” in the television ad campaign for Mortein, over a 50 year period

Peter Fisher (Craig Bullpitt)

Judi Farr (born 1936 in Queensland, Australia) is a much awarded Australian actress of theatre, film and television best known for several situation comedy roles on Australian television. Farr has also appeared in Australian films such as December Boys.

Played by Peter Fisher. Craig is Ted’s only son. He is a medical student and later in the series marries his girlfriend Wendy. Greta Bertolucci (Laurel McGowan) Played by Laurel McGowan. Greta is Ted’s only daughter and is married to Bruno Bertolucci.

Lex Marinos (Bruno Bertolucci) Played by Lex Marinos. Bruno is Ted’s son-in-law, who he refers to as ‘The Wog’ and is married to Greta. He drives a purple Valiant, which is often a sore point with the Holden-loving Ted. Bruno takes great delight in poking fun at Ted and calling him ‘Grumblebum’ or ‘Teddles’, but affectionately calls Thelma ‘Mrs B’ and has sympathy with her for having to put up with Ted.

Bob Bullpitt (Colin McEwan) Played by Colin McEwan. Ted’s brother. Bob, is a used car salesman, often referred to as a ‘Bloody Datsun dealer’ by Ted. He has a love-hate relationship with both Ted and his wife Merle and insults are often traded, though he does have a soft spot for Thelma. His trademark greeting is ‘hey-dee ho everybody, here comes the party!” Merle Bullpit (Maggie Dence) Played by Maggie Dence. Ted’s upwardly mobile sister-in-law and is married to his brother Bob. Seems to dislike both Bob and Ted and often insults them both, although she gets on well with her sister-in-law despite Thelma’s sometimes vague nature. Rosa Bertolucci (Sheila Kennelly) Played by Sheila Kennelly. After Ted’s wife Thelma leaves, Bertolucci comes to look after hapless Ted. She defines herself as a happy-go-lucky wog.

Heartland Magazine | 95

HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers will be revealed in Issue 41 of Heartland Magazine

Answers for Issue 39 Page 80

96 | Heartland Magazine

HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers will be revealed in Issue 41 of Heartland Magazine

Answers for Issue 39 Page 81

Heartland Magazine | 97

Heartland Magazine Issue 41 available mid May Check with your Newsagent or Heartland Magazine stockists

only $

95 From leading Newsagents in your town or city

Call Sharon on 1300 679 787 for a 6 or 12 month subscription posted to your door

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Heartland Magazine Issue 40 April/May 2020

Articles inside

Heartland Magazine Issue 40 April/May 2020