Design Workbook- Heather Quisler by Heather Quisler

Design Skills Workbook Instructor: Julie Sittler 2016 Art 211, Section 1 Heather Quisler

Table Of Contents Adobe Creative Cloud (Cc) Changing Units/Increments Campus Labs Accessing Myfiles Off Campus Taking Screenshots Filler Text Loading The Cursor Bottom Information Panel Using Color for Fill/Stroke Tools in The Left Box Page Layout Application Bar on Top Number of Pages Margins and Columns Master Pages Grids, Guides, Rulers Page Numbering Anatomy of Typography Font Vs Typeface Type Classifications Font File Ligatures Leading Alignment of text Text wrap Object align Character style Paragraph style Image size Image mode 3 pass color correction Background layer Grayscale Left side tool bar Duotone Fake duotone Key commands Raster vs vector File extensions Layer mask Layer mask properties Smart objects Working with grids Locking image layers Filter gallery Invert Filters

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Marquee tool delete Clipping path Large document format Merge layers Merge visible Flatten image Photo grid Project Artboards Print/save artboards Converting text to image Thumbnail drawing Developing narratives Color Additive Subtractive Metamerism Interaction of color Process color Spot color Banner printer Pantone color system Photo rental Shape building Scale tool Image trace Points on star/polygon Bone folder Eraser tool Clipping mask Symbol tool Width tool Mesh tool Creating pattern Custom gradient- panel Custom gradient- blend Layered line Creating paintbrush Creating textures Paper creature project Glyphs Importing files Tabs Bullets and numbering lists Print booklets Link management Object effects Bleed

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Packaging in InDesign Research Book Binding Creep Hierarchy Line spacing X height Optimal line length Spreads Create and edit Review and approve Protect and standardize Plagiarism Citing Customizing type Photo captions Paper Post press Files for print 8-page brochure project Glossary

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Working in the Campus Labs

Accessing My Files from Off Campus

When you are working on your files, you can save them to the folder on your Desktop. You MUST copy your files to your MyFiles before you leave the computer station otherwise you will not be able to access it from another computer. You NEED to delete your local files off the Desktop before you leave. In the NFAC there are 3 computer labs. One is on the first floor room number 172. The next one is also on the first floor number 190. The last one is located upstairs room number 215. The labs are open during 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday – Thursday. On Friday they are open from 8:00am to 12:00pm. Then on the weekends they are closed. Besides backing up files on myFiles, you can upload them on an external drive. Some examples are flash drives, portable hard drives, or SD cards. If you don’t have an external drive, Google Docs or uploading documents on iCloud are cloud storage options.

Log on to the University website. Select myPoint and log on using your student information. Select Academic Tab Under student computing services select myFiles – network storage for students. On the right hand side, select Access myFiles off campus Follow directions based on the operating system on computer you are currently using. To access myFiles off campus for OS 10.9 or newer you first open finder. Then you click GO- Connect to Server. After that, you enter the path https://myFiles.uwsp.edu/spointer which spointer would be replaced with your log on. Or you can enter https://files.uwsp.edu/{network path} to connect to department files. Next you’ll click enter and enter in your UWSP credentials to log you on.

Changing the Unit (and Adobe Creative Cloud Increment) Preferences in Creative Cloud (CC) (CC) Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign are some creative tools from Adobe. Photoshop is best used for photo imaging editing and creating compositing. Illustrator is best used for creating graphics, drawings, and illustrations. Then, InDesign is best for preparing things for print and digital publishing. This includes designing the pages and layout. www.adobe.com/creativecloud/catalog/desktop.html

You can change the preference for each program by clicking the software icon in the upper left hand corner. (on a Mac, on a PC it is at the bottom of the Edit tab) Select the preference tab, For InDesign, select Units & Increments, change horizontal and vertical to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. For Illustrator, select Units, change general to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. For Photoshop, select Units & Rulers, change ruler to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. Some things that must remain in the point unit is the type, text, stroke, and face. --Creating and InDesign File – Open up Adobe InDesign.

Taking a Screen Shot Sometimes it is necessary to record or document things from your screen to use as personal reference or as a record of things you are doing. To do this you can take a screen shot. On a Mac computer select the keys: command shift 4 to get a Crosshairs cursor. With this you can draw around what you want to capture. The screen shot saves automatically on the desktop.

InDesign Filler Text InDesign offers a feature in which you are able to fill a text box with fake copy. First you make the text box. Then when the cursor is blinking go to the top menu, type, insert filler text. In the Graphic Design industry this fake text is commonly called Lorem Ipsum. Lorem Ipsum is random filler text used to fill a text box. Example) l ipid eos sitet repudipsunt enderat atibus simaio tem et qui sant lit, quatur, experunti nume estibus nus. Otas aut est omnimo cum aut hil in et rest incim nest et in nobis alit ommodiorum aut pra quos sanihilla dellore mos asin ex es dolenisque ipsus, sunt es et ate sa quo blabori test modio to corepro quam est, il inum et que nis as dolorer ioriatu rehent, natibusam ut ad exceriant. Ciis as modi corum dolorum alis que

Loading The Curser To load the cursor by clicking the red box with the plus sign in the lower right hand side of the text box.

Bottom Information Panel At the bottom of the document window is an informational panel. There is the number of the page you are working on, the preflight profile, and a box that tells you if there are any errors. There is one section you should always check when you open and close a document. You can see there is a problem with your file very easily by looking at the box and make sure it isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t red. If the box has a red dot, then there is an error on the page you need to fix.

Tools In The Left Hand Tool Bar Black Arrow: Selection tool White Arrow: Direct Selection tool T: Type tool Stroke: add stroke Box with X: rectangle frame used to show where pictures would go Plain Box: rectangle form Eyedropper: to duplicate a color Magnifying glass: zoom tool Viewing mode: to view what it would look like in print

Using Color For Fill And Stroke There are two different places you can select color to use as a fill or for a stroke. In the tool box panel there is a square and a frame square. If you double click on those you can quickly change the color. Another place to change the color is on the right side where it says color swatches and you can change the color and stroke that way too.

This symbol is used for rotating a box.

Application Bar Across Top These are the two horizontal bars across the top of the workspace. The very top bar provides things necessary to work on your document. File, edit, layout, type, object, table, view, window, help are the tabs listed there. The File tab allows you to ‘open’ a new document, ‘close’ a document or ‘save as’ a document. Make sure you save the file as save as so it creates a duplicate of what you worked on previously and what you just did. This way if you accidently lose the file you still have other files to fall back on. Place in also under the File tab. You use the place tab for placing a picture, graph, etc Document set-up also in under the File tab. You can use this tab to set up the document dimensions, margins, bleed, etc. Check spelling is located under the Edit Tab. It doesn’t automatically check it so you have to click on it to make sure everything is spelled right. It also doesn’t check grammar. The Type tab has two special tabs that allow you add a glyph and add additional spacing. A glyph is a special character and you can insert it by going in the Type tab and click on insert special characters. Hidden characters are invisible symbols that show different commands that were used to set up the document. They aren’t visible during printing, but it helps show other designers how the document was set up. The View tab is another location where you can change the viewing mode and it is the same as the viewing mode tool in the left hand tool bar. Another tab located under the View Tab is the Display Performance Tab. The default is typical display, but it is better to change it to low quality display so you take up too many resources. Under the Windows Tab is the workspace tab. This tab allows you to pick different menu options to display.

InDesign’s application bar

Preplanning Your Page Layout You should draw up a page layout on paper prior to setting up the InDesign file to solve problems before you get to the computer and to save time. Things you solve before you start on the computer are the margin sizes, how many columns you need, the spacing between objects, and where you need the guides.

Determining The Number Of Pages In A Bound Document (Book) To determine how many pages, you want to print, you have to think about the cover, the table of contents, and how many pages of content youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll have.

Master Pages When building a multiple page document in InDesign, it is essential that you create Master Page(s). A master page is a special page where you use guides, grids and columns to set a basic layout that can be applied to all of the other pages in your document. Master pages help you achieve consistency in your page design and save time. The master is can be found on the right side tool bar in the pages tab. Then you click on either the cover page to edit or the pages to edit. When you set up Master Page(s) you set up the documents layout and the theme you want to use for the font, header, and etc. Once its set up it changes the other pageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s layout to the Master Page(s) layout. Using a Master Page(s) for one single page wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work out then because it sets up all the pages like that.

Margins And Columns You can establish page margins and set up columns in two places. The first place you can go to is in the Layout tab, Margins and Columns. This brings up the set margins and columns for that page where you change it individually. Another way to establish the margins is when you first start the document during the document set up.

Showing Grids, And Setting Guides Using The Ruler Not all guides can be set using margins and columns. To add special guides both vertically and horizontally, you can turn on view grids and use the ruler. To turn on and off the grids go under the View tab, Grids and Guides. To place a precise measurement for a guide, go to Layout, Create guidelines. Another way to create guides is to click from the ruler and drag the line down to where you want the guide. To delete a guide just select it with the black arrow and click delete.

Printing Margins, Grids And Guides Margins, grids and guides do not print in your document by default. You are able to print them when needed by going to print and in the bottom half of the printing dialogue. Check print visible line and guidelines, then print.

Page Numbering Page numbering in a document is best done on the Master Pages. It is best to set it up on the Master pages. To set it up on Master Pages you add a text box and insert the page number. Then on all the page in the document you click insert page number.

Type Basics Anatomy of Typography The typeface graphic shows what the constituent parts are called and how the characteristics of those parts give a typeface its character.

Font vs. Typeface Font is like name of the text family while the typeface is like the different kinds of text within that family. An example is Arial is the font while Regular, Bold, Italic, Bold Italic, and Black.

Types Of Font File Formats TTF and OTF the most commonly used font file formats, TTF stands for True Type Font. It was invented by Apple, but Microsoft uses it too. It is the most common used format for fonts. OTF stands for OpenType fonts. This is an extension format. Fonts with no outlines have this extension.

Anatomy of typography diagram

Type Classifications The four different kinds of classifications are Serif Type Styles, Script Type Styles, Sans Serif Type Styles, and Decorative. In the Decorative classification, there is Grunge, Psychedelic, and Graffiti.

Ligature A ligature is when two or more letters are joined as a single glyph. They are mostly used for style, but also used for words that are translated Latin or Greek words. Some examples are fi and fl.

InDesign Leading Leading is the distance between lines of type. Leading is used to help enhance the readability of a block of text in a document. The amount of leading is based on 120% of what the font size is. If you use 10 pt font, then the leading would be 12 pt.

Alignment of Text There are three common ways of aligning text, center, left, and right alignment. Center alignment aligns in the middle and goes outward. Left alignment aligns on the left side. Right alignment aligns on the right side. There are also four types of justified text alignment, hyphenation and margin, aligning to or away from the spine, and vertical alignment.

Text Wrap Text Wrap is a feature that allows you to wrap text around an image or graphic. To display the text wrap window, choose Window then Text Wrap. To wrap text around an image, use the selection tool to select the image. In the panel there is two different wrap shapes. Wrap around bounding box creates a wrap where it is around the bounding box. Wrap around object shape wraps the around the shape of the image with you can add or minus more space between the text and the image. There are also other options for text wrap. Jump object keeps text from appearing in any available space right or left of the frame. Jump to next column forces the surrounding paragraph to the top of the next column or text frame.

Object Align When you have multiple boxes on a page that you want to line up perfectly you can use Object Align to do this. You can go to the align panel and select to organize the way you want everything to match up.

Character Style Paragraph Style

A paragraph style includes both character and paragraph formatting attributes, and can be applied to a paragraph or range of paragraphs. Paragraph styles are important because you can select different default styles to apply to those paragraphs its applied too. You can find the paragraph styles panel under Type, then Paragraph Styles. It also appears on the right side of the window by default.

A character style is a collection of character formatting attributes that can be applied to text in a single step. Character style is important because when you change the style, all the text with that applied will change and help save you time. To do this, you have to open the character style panel or click of the character style tab on the right side of the window.

Photoshop Image Size Resolution is an indicator of visual and digital information. It is measured in dots per inch (dpi) and pixels per inch (ppi). The minimum resolution needed for printing photographs is 300 dpi You can check the size of your original image by going under the Image menu then Image size. If your photograph is not the right resolution, you can correct it going in the image size menu and select resample image, scale styles, and constrain proportions then change the image size to what you want it to be. Once you have adjusted the image to the correct resolution, you will be able to tell how large you can clearly print the image without pixilation problems. You are able to use the image smaller, but not larger than the adjusted size.

Mode Photoshopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preset for all images when opened is RGB. RGB refers to the system for representing the colors used on the computer to display the image. RBG is best used if the design will be on the screen. For print publications, you should convert your image to CMYK because it refers to the four inks which the printer uses.

Three Pass Color Correction Under the image tab there are three auto tabs: tone, contrast and color. These are default tabs that Photoshop provides. The issue with using these tabs is that Photoshop arbitrarily makes adjustment without actually seeing what happens to the image. In some cases it will radically change the colors from what they should be. A better way to correct color in your photograph is to use curves, exposures, and color adjustment to get the colors the way you want them to be. Generally, you do this with the image in RGB, but you can also do it when the image is in CMYK using the same steps.

Image tab in Photoshop

Background Layer Photoshop automatically starts an image as a locked layer called Background which is located at the bottom of the layers panel. You always want to preserve the background layer. In order to do this, you will need to lock the layer by clicking the lock in the layer panel after you have that it selected. It is important to save the background layer because all the other layers are transparent except the background.

Left Side Tool Bar

Layers window in Photoshop

Marquee: used to draw selections. Crop Tool: crops the image to the size you want it too, but changes the layer size to it. Clone Stamp: copies selected part of an image and lets you stamp them anywhere else. It only works well for small parts, not bigger. Eraser Tool: erases part of the image on the layer, but it shows a white background where you erased.

Grayscale A Grayscale image is an image in which the only colors are shades of gray. To turn an image into a grayscale image you go to Image then Adjustments then Grayscale. Once you save and close the image, you are not able to convert it back to full color again.

Left side tool bar

Duotone A Duotone image is an image that uses only two colors. Traditionally it uses a grayscale image (black) and another color, but it could use any two colors. It is often used when full color printing process is not an option or to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image. A common duotone is sepia toning in which a reddish-brown color is added to a grayscale image to mimic photos from the late 19th century. To create a duotone in Photoshop, you must first start with a saved grayscale image. To create a duotone, go to Image and then Adjustments the Duotone. Then you can choose the colors you want tin the pop up menu.

duotone

Fake Duotone A fake Duotone image can be created by creating a new layer over the grayscale then coloring that layer to the color you want. After that you make that layer and overlay in the layerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s panel.

Fake duotone

Raster vs. Vector Image Vector and Raster are two types of digital graphic files. A Raster image is an image that is made up of many tiny pixels. The more pixels in the image the more information and accuracy it has. Bigger pictures have more pixels in it. If you use a large picture and make it smaller, it might become blurry and morphed. A Vector image is based on mathematical calculations from one point to another to form lines and shapes to create an image or illustration. Vector images are better because you are able to scale them up or down in size without losing any information. When working with Vector and Raster pictures it is better to use Photoshop. With Photoshop, you can work with extreme detail and edit each pixel. Illustrator on the other hand, is better for simpler designs because it deals with equations. JPG (JPEG): Joint Photographic Expert Group. JPG and JPEG are interchangeable and is a lossy graphic file. The con about JPEG is when you save it, it compresses the image and combined the pixels together to save room. Overall, it is best to use it to save final projects that are being stored. TIF: Tagged Image File Format. TIFF is the computer format for storing raster images because it flattens images for space, but it is the best to print with. PSD: Photohshop Document. PSD is Photoshopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native file format and is used when working with layers that contain other images. PSD files are important because you can continue to edit images without hurting the image. The con is that the files are very large. PDF: Portable Document Format. PDF was created by Adobe as a format that can be used independent of application software, hardware or operating systems. PDFs are great because you can use them on any platform and you can lock them for security. PNG: Portable Network Graphic. PNG is a raster graphics file format that is best used for internet because it is a lossless data compression file. PNG are good for their small file size. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format. Invented by Steve Wilhite, it is similar to PNG in its use on the internet as a lossless compression file. (Pronounced Jif)

Key Commands Key commands (also known as keyboard shortcuts) is the combination of two or more keys that you can use to perform a task that would typically require the use of the mouse and or multiple keyboard steps. Key commands help save time. For example if you want to bold the text you can use Command B instead of clicking the bold button.

Photoshop Layer Mask Use a layer mask as an alternative to the eraser tool to erase to the transparency layer without losing the integrity of the image and keep the original pixels, it is much better to use a layer mask. A layer mask allows us to go to transparency without changing any aspects of the image. The mask is a black and white image in which the black area blocks the image revealing the transparent background and the white image lets the original image show through the mask. To make a layer mask, select the add layer mask icon and click once. You will see a white box next to your image, revealing the whole image. You need to apply the black to the mask layer image to block the part of the image we want to remove. You can do this by using the paintbrush tool in the left hand tool bar. Making sure that your color palette window is black in the left hand tool bar. With the mask layer selected in the layers panel, begin painting the areas that you would like to reveal to transparent. Select the brush type, size and opacity that works best around your image and begin painting away the area you want to remove. Watch your layer mask, you will see the black begin to appear on it as you paint. You can easily change back areas by switching the brush to white and painting over them again. To erase areas that are in straight lines, you can click at the beginning and hold down your shift key and click at the end of the line, and the area will automatically fill in between the two points. Varying the size of your brush as you work out from the edge will make removing large areas go much more quickly. You can also use a the [ or ] (bracket) keys to change the size of the brush.

Customizing your Layer Mask Properties Once you have created a layer mask to reveal the transparent layer you are able to adjust the properties. Double click on the layer mask in the layers panel and the properties panel will open. In this window you can change to opacity and density of the mask to allow some of original image show through like a watermark while still keeping the (white) original area intact. You are also able to shift the edges and adjust the contrast on the layer mask for the black part of the mask.

Working with Grids in Photoshop When setting up a grid, go to the view tab, select show, the select grid. You can also change the grid options to make the grid the way you want to be.

Embedded vs. Linked in Photoshop When you bring in an image into an already created Photoshop Document, you have the option of placing it either as Embedded or Linked. When you embed the image, it sets the image as its own separate layer that isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t connected to the other ones. When you link the image, the image is placed as a smart object which makes the image interact with other images and you can edit it separately.

Smart Objects Smart Objects preserve an imageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s source content with all its original characteristics, enabling you to perform nondestructive editing to the layer.

Locking The Image In Place On The Layer To lock the placement of the photo on the layer, select the photo (it will have an outline when it is locked), then click on the Lock Layers tab in the menu and select Image, or select the layer in the layers window then select the lock next to it.

Filter Gallery To access the Filter Gallery in Photoshop, your image must be RGB. Once you have applied the filter, you can switch it to CMYK.

Left Side Tool Bar Magic Wand/Quick Selection Generally you would not use the magic wand or quick selection tool to select areas in your image because they cannot always determine the correct edge of a color. There may be instances where you want to use it to create a special effect, and you can use in on a layer mask.

Invert Image You can invert the image from a positive to a negative image by selecting the Layers tab, new adjustment layer, invert. More options in the adjustment layer tab are:

Rearranging And Grouping Layers You can rearrange layers in the Layers window by dragging them. To group the together that and Shift and select the layer you want and right click to group them.

Filters Tab Some filters included in the filters tab are: 3D, Blur, Blur Gallery, Distort, Noise, Pixelate, Render, Sharpen, Stylize, Video, and other.

Using The Marquee Tool To Custom Delete And Mask

Layer adjustment tab options

You can delete custom shaped areas using the marquee tool in the left hand tool bar. Working on the unlocked non-background image, draw a shape using the marquee tool. If you hit the delete key, the interior area will be gone. To mask off all of the image except a specific area, use the marquee tool to draw your shape, then in the Layers panel, select layer mask option and the click reveal selection. With the marquee tool selected, look at the top tool bar, and you will see that the (first) single icon is selected. You can customize your marquee selections by using one of the options in the top tool bar. If you select the next icon, and draw a shape that overlaps the first one, Photoshop will automatically join the two at the points where they meet. The third icon is used to remove a custom area from the original marquee shape. Select the icon and draw two overlapping marquee shapes. The second shape drawn will cut out part of the first shape to create a custom shape. The last icon will create a custom shape based on the area where the two individual marquee shapes overlap to create the custom shape. To quickly deselect an area Command + D

Clipping Paths To create a clipping path follow these steps: 1. Use the Pen tool to create a path around the image area by clicking the pen tool tight against the edge of the image that will become the silhouette. Do not use too many points, as this will make the curves choppy. You can always add a point if needed. 2. Using the point ^ in the Pen toolbox, click on each point to draw out the handlebars. Select one side (point on end of handlebar) of the handlebar at a time to adjust the curve. 3. To move point, switch to the arrow tool (two down from the pen tool), right button click (or double click) to change from path selection tool to direct selection tool. This will allow you to move a specific point to the right place. 4. In the Paths panel, choose Save Path from the panel menu (click the triangle in the upper-right corner of the panel), and then name the path. 5. From the same panel menu, choose Clipping Path. 6. In the Clipping Path dialog box, select your path from the drop-down list (it will appear as a picture), if it’s not already selected; click OK. Leave the Flatness Device Pixels text field blank. The flatness value determines how many device pixels are used to create your silhouette. The higher the amount, the fewer points are created, thereby allowing for faster processing time. This speed comes at a cost, though: If you set the flatness value too high, you may see (if you look close) straight edges instead of curved edges. 7. Choose File>ave As and, from the Format drop-down list, select Photoshop EPS or leave in PSD; accept the defaults and click OK. Note: When you go to grab the image to place it in another application you will see the background, but it will not appear once it is placed.

Large Document Format

There are times when the image you are working with will be too large to place on the desktop, or on other devices. For this issue, Photoshop has created a work-around called PSB (.psb). The largest image size supported by a PSD (.psd) file is 30,000 by 30,000 pixels, whereas PSB files can be saved at an image size up to 300,000 by 300,000 pixels. PSB files can be exported as TIFF for compatibility with other software.

Flatten Image Flatten Image will combine all of the layers into one “flattened” image or layer. You will be prompted to choose whether or not to discard hidden layers before doing so. If you choose “Ok” to discard hidden layers, Photoshop will ignore any layer with its visibility toggled (the eye) turned off. If you choose “Cancel”, Photoshop will cancel the flattening process. If you want the hidden layers included in the flattened image, you will have to toggle it’s visibility to “On”.

Merge Layers Merge Layers combines the layers you have selected. To do this, make sure the layers you want merged are visible. Then select Layer> Merge Layers. This then merges them together into one singular layer. The layer name will change to the name of the top layer of all the selected layers.

Merge Visible Merge Visible will merge all visible layers into one singular layer. Merge Visible will ignore any layer that has its visibility toggled (the eye) turned off.

Project 1 Photogrid For Project 1 we did a grid system where we edited the same image over 50 times in different styles. The we set up a grid in Photoshop and placed the image in the grid. We then cropped so one piece fit in the grid box. The final image was different boxes all over the overall picture with different edits. For my project, I selected a picture I took this summer of the ocean by Portland Head Lighthouse. When I edited and inserted my photos, I tried to place them in area where they seemed the most interesting or where you could see more of the edits I did. Progress shot 1

original photo

Progress shot 2

Final image

Illustrator Artboards Artboards act as your workspace (like a page). Any graphics you place on the artboard will appear, print, export or save as a PDF in the final design. If you have items place off the side of the artboard, they will not print, but will remain in your file until you delete them. You can have 1 to 100 artboards per document depending on size. You can specify the number of artboards for a document when you first create it, and you can add and remove artboards at any time while working in a document. You can create artboards in different sizes, resize them by using the Artboard tool , and position them anywhere on the screenâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;even overlapping one another. You can also specify custom names for an artboard and set reference points for artboards.

Printing And Saving Artboards All artboards in a document share the same media type format, such as Print. You can print each artboard individually, tiled, or combined into one page. You can preview artboards from the print dialog box before printing them. The print settings you choose are applied to all of the artboards you selected to print. By default all artwork is cropped to an artboard and all artboards print as individual pages. Use the Range option in the Print dialog box to print specific pages.

Converting Text to Image To covert text t and image, you first must select the type. Then you go the type bar and select Outlines. Before the text is an image make sure everything is spelled right. After the type turns into an image you can move it around, change the size, rotate, etc. of each letter for any style you want.

Thumbnail Drawings Thumbnail sketches are important to plan and brainstorm ideas for a project. They give your ideas of all the different options and routes you can take. Although there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a set number of sketches to do, you do them until you feel you have enough to convey your ideas. You should always do them in between steps of a project and most importantly at the beginning.

Developing Narrative One of the most important things when making a narrative is considering who your audience is. After youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve considered that, the you want to think about different traits your character holds, or what would connect with the audience the most. Knowing the narrative ahead of time is important because you can create your design off that narrative.

Color “Designing with color begins with the recognition that the colors of your environment appear as a reaction to light.” (Gonella, 2014) Designers need to know a lot about color. From color theory, the psychology, cultural and mythic meanings of colors, to the technical aspects of how to handle color digitally, to knowing the systems of used in specifying color, the knowledge base you need to acquire is expansive.

Color Systems: Additive vs. Subtractive Humans see color because our eyes are equipped with specialized receptors called rods and cones that detect and translate different wavelengths of light. We perceive color differently depending on whether we are seeing light directly versus seeing light reflected off of a surface. These two different systems are called Additive and Subtractive.

Additive Color System When looking at a screen on any device, a film, projection or slide show you are looking at light illuminating the screen from behind. The colors we see are a result of light wavelengths being added together to produce the whole spectrum of other colors. All of the colors we see are made up of pixels with varying amounts of Red, Green, and Blue (RGB).

Subtractive Color System When we look at color that is applied using paint, dye, ink or other forms of pigments mixed with a variety of elements applied to a surface such as canvas, fabric or paper we are seeing light bouncing off the surface. Pigment is defined as a medium or substance or solution that is mixed together in order to form paints, dyes, inks or and other kind of artistic element. Variations in the quality of the pigments or the type of surface it is applied to will determine the richness of the color produced.

Metamerism The light source we view the color in will affect our color perception. Depending on the light (natural vs. manufactured) the color could change slightly or drastically. For example the color white will feel and look bluish (cool) under fluorescent light, but may appear a faint yellow (warm) under sunlight.

Interaction of Color – Optical Perception Color is never seen in isolation, colors interact with those adjacent to them. When paired with another color, the original color can look lighter or darker than by itself. Joseph Albers is considered the expert on this subject. He looked at interactions with colors. This included their position, shape with color next to them, and their tones. All of this is very important to recognize when designing with color.

Color in Print Design Process Colors Process colors are made up of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK). This is in reference to the printing process where full color images are separated out into their component CMYK colors as dots. This is done in order to print the colors one on top of another and produce a visual recreation of all of the colors present in the image.

Spot Color A Spot color is a color in addition to CMYK (Process Colors) and can be printed as a solid color instead of CMYK. Pantone Matching System is a standardized color matching system that allows for the creation of a spot color to consistent match the Pantone color. When to use spot colors depends on the budget of the project, printing methods, and specific design elements. Some examples of when to use spot colors are: • When the has no full color images or the images uses 1-2 colors • The publication needs a specific color that cannot get produced accurately with CMYK ink • Printing a color that is going to be over multiple pages • Printing over a large area

CMYK image from: http://www.printninja.com/printingresource-center/printing-academy/advanced-concepts/ cmyk-vs-rgb-advanced-explanation

Moiré A moiré pattern is an artifact that occurs in the print reproduction process when any two, or more, repeating patterns overlap each other. Moiré can also be introduced when a halftone printed image is scanned. A set of standard screen angles with the first and least visible color, yellow, is placed at the most visible angle 0° (90°). Then the most visible color, black, is placed at 45°. The cyan and magenta are then placed between these two. Cyan at 15° (105°) and magenta at 75°. These angles represent a best allaround compromise for most pictures.

Moiré image from: http://thedaydreamfactory.blogspot. com/2010_08_01_archive.html

Pantone Color System The Pantone Color System is the most used color matching system in the design industry. Other color systems include RGB, CMYK, RAL, and ink. Pantone colors allow designers to select specific colors that printers will be able to reproduce exactly. Pantone colors are mixed from 18 basic colors using a unique formula. The Pantone Color System can resemble a wheel, chart, or any other informational graph in which all existing colors are defined. This is done by combining nearby colors with one another on the chart, as well as lightening and darkening all colors across the spectrum in order to display all possible colors from lights to darks. Because there are many different kinds of papers, coatings and kinds of options for printed design work, there are numerous Pantone swatch books to represent the various kinds of printing and papers. The most basic distinction between these swatch books is Pantone Coated vs. Pantone Uncoated. These simulated what the color will look like on coated and uncoated paper stock. There are also swatch books that show how a specific color can be recreated using CMYK. In Adobe Illustrator, to find new spot colors by accessing the swatches window going to the top pf the menu bar and going Window> Swatches. Then, double click on the color box and select the preferences for the color. When you choose the color, click on the color box and drag it into the swatches window it will be there permanently.

Banner printer in room 172 in the NFAC

Banner Printer 1. Set up page size depending on what program is being used. Page setup> manage custom sizes>+>enter page size>select printer>set margins to zero>OK 2. Printer needs to know you are using your own media instead of the roll. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Printerâ&#x20AC;?>Show details> layout> paper/quality>paper source> manual feed> print It is important to have margins set to zero otherwise it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let you print. Make sure to put on hold so you receive an email and must release the printing job yourself.

Photo Equipment and Room To rent photo equipment at UWSP, you must fill out some paperwork and have your student ID available. The office to rent the equipment is in the Graphic Design Room 182. There are several things you can rent out like cameras, lighting, backdrops, tripods, pedestals, SD cards, lenses, and more.

Bone Folder The dull edged hand tool for folding and making creases for book bindings, origami, and card making is called a bone folder. To use it, you take the sharp edge of the folder and follow the lines you want to create a fold for.

Illustrator Shape Builder Tool The shape builder tool can be used to combine several different shapes into a single shape. Begin by creating the shapes you want to merge, making sure that they slightly overlap each other. Select the shape builder tool from the tool panel. Click on one shape, and while holding down the mouse button, drag it over all the shapes you want to join. The shape gets a checkered pattern on it once it is selected.

Image Trace Image trace can be used to trace any image and turn it into a vector image. Image trace allows you to make shapes straight from the placed image or the template layer. The pros are that saves you time instead of outlining everything. The cons are it might not be able to recognize all the line you want or give you unwanted lines.

Scale Tool The scale tool allows you to enlarges or reduces an object horizontally (along the x axis), vertically (along the y axis), or both. After you scale an object, Illustrator does not retain the original size of the object in memory. Therefore, you cannot resume the original size of the object. (By default, strokes and effects are not scaled along with objects. To scale strokes and effects, choose Illustrator, preferences, general and select scale strokes & effects.

Increasing/ Decreasing Points on a Polygon and Star You can easily add or subtract points on a polygon or star by simply drawing the shape, and then Press the up or down arrow keys while you click and hold to create the star or polygon.

Side tool bar from Illustrator

Eraser Tool

Clipping Mask

The eraser tool works based on selected items. When you select an item, it will only erase within that item even if you go beyond what has been selected. Objects that not erased with the tool in Illustrator are: Images, Text (unless you used create outlines first), symbols (unless they are also outlined), graphs (you need to ungroup first) and gradient meshes. Sometimes when you erase, it will change the appearance. An example of this is if you have a stroke around an object. If you try to erase it without making any changed, the eraser will add a stroke to what you just erased. To stop it from doing this, you need to: select the item, the go into object, expand, and make sure fill and stroke is checked. Now you will be able to erase without it apply a stroke on the edges.

To place an image in a shape or text, you can do so by using a clipping mask. First place the image on the artboard in the approximate size you want the mask to be. Then place over the top the shape or text that you want it to go into. Make sure you have the shape or text the size that you want the mask. Select both items and go to Object, Clipping Mask, Make. Now your object will have the image as a fill. If you double click into the shape or text, you are able to move the image around.

Width Tool With the width tool you are able to change stokes and shapes. By adding or selecting a point, you can drag out the width of that point with the mouse. You can select existing points to change or move the width also. Inside this panel are some other options: • Warp tool: pushes in the edges of the shape in your desired object • Twirl tool: spins vector images of the shape in the perimeter of the tool • Pucker tool: sucks in the points of the shape to a focal point in the perimeters • Bloat tool: blows up the points of the shape in a circular shape within the perimeters • Crystalize tool: pulls points of the shape outwards creating a spike effect • Scallop tool: opposite of crystalize tool

Creating Your Own Fill Pattern Draw/create vector artwork. Select all of it to go to: Object, Pattern, Make. You are able to change or alter the pattern once it is a fill pattern: Object, Pattern, Edit. You can also select the artwork and drag it into the swatches panel. NOTE: You can use an image, just make sure that it is not a linked images (uncheck link when placing image). In the pattern panel you are able to decide how the pattern will repeat.

Symbol Spray Tool With the symbols panel open, select the symbol you want to use first. Then with the symbol spray tool, spray your symbol(s) where you would like them placed. You can manipulate them with the other tools in the pullout menu. Some of the other symbols are: • Symbol Shifter Tool: moves the symbols by following the tool wherever you drag it • Symbol Scrunsher Tool: moves symbols closer together within the circle of the tool • Symbol Sizer Tool: makes the symbol bigger or smaller • Symbol Stainer Tool: stains symbols with whatever color is wanted • Symbol Screener Tool: lightens the opacity of the symbol • Symbol Styler Tool: adds special graphics or effects to the symbol

Mesh Tool The Mesh Tool adds a mesh point of another color into a selected object. To do this, select the mesh tool, select a color, and then click on the object where you want to apply a mesh. To delete a mess point, using the direct selection tool (white arrow) click on the point you want to remove and hit the delete key. To move the mesh point, use the direct selection tool (white arrow) to select the one you want, holding down the mouse button, drag to move it.

Creating a Custom Gradientâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Using Gradient Panel Open the gradient panel: Window, gradient. A grayscale gradient will appear. To change the color double click on the square at the bottom and select a new fill color. You can do this for both squares. To add additional colors to the gradient, click at a point along the bottom line between the two outside squares and it will add a new fill square. Double click to change to color. You can slide the squares on the bottom, or the triangles on the top back and forth to adjust the range of gradient. Select the type of gradient you want to use. You can choose either linear or radial. You can also adjust the angle of the gradient by either using the gradient tool and drawing at the preferred angle or typing in the coordinates in the gradient tool bar. To delete a color from your gradient, you can select the square and click the trash can or you can slide all the way off the end. Once you have the desired gradient, you can grab the sample square and drag it to your swatch panel to save it.

Gradient Panel from Illustrator

Creating a Custom Gradientâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Using Blends Tool By laying out a series of two or more different color shapes, you can make Illustrator blend these together to get a custom gradient. To do this, first create your shape(s) in different colors. Working from the back to the front is best. Layer the shapes on top of each other. Select all, then use Object, Blend, Make. There are three types of blends you can select from: Smooth, Specific Steps and Specific Distance. Smooth will give you a seamless blending of colors, whereas the other two will give you chunky steps based on the perimeters you use. To blend the two objects using the tool, you will need to select an edge of the first object, and then select the edge of the next object, and Illustrator will blend these two objects. You can also use the blend tool from the tool panel. You will need to select the edge of each shape in the order that you want to blend it. If you shift your selection point from the original it will twist the blend. Note: You are able to change a color in the blend by selecting a specific object and then changing the color on than object and it will automatically re-blend it.

Layered Lines (strokes) You can layer different weights of lines on top of one another, to create a single multi-colored line that can be manipulated like a single line. Begin by opening the appearance panel (windows, appearance). Draw several lines using different point sizes and colors for the strokes, no smaller than 1 point. Select the heaviest line, then in the appearance panel, click on the box in the lower left hand corner (add new stroke.) Using the eyedropper in the tools panel, select the next smaller size line. The second line should appear on top of the first line. Continue doing this (add new line, eyedropper) until you have built all the layers of the line. You now have a single multi-colored line that you can copy and manipulate as need be.

Creating a Texture You can create a texture using a photo or image to add depth and dimension to your project. To do this you will begin in Photoshop. Convert your photo or image into a gray-scale image. You can bring this image in as is, layering over other colors and pattern using an opacity or you can change it to a bitmap (Image, mode, bitmap, flatten, output 100, diffusion dither). By changing it to a bitmap, the white areas will become transparent and you will be able to change to color. Adjust the texture to fit within the template box, and then with the template box shape on top, select both the template and the texture, and go to Object, Clipping Path, Make. You are now able to layer this texture on top of the other layers and you can adjust the opacity to soften it if needed.

Creating Your Own Paintbrush Pattern Find or draw a piece of vector art that you would like to use like a brush. With the brushes panel open, drag the vector art into the row of choices. You will be prompted to select Scatter, Art or Pattern brush. • Scattered Brush should be selected if you would like to click the artwork to follow the drawn line or want to randomly place a single vector art with the click of the mouse. • Art Brush should be selected if you want the vector art to fill the whole line - no matter the length. It will stretch and distort to accommodate your stroke. • Pattern Brush should be selected if you would like the artwork to follow the drawn line. You can adjust for spacing, rotation and size. You can adjust the style of the brush by double clicking on the brush in the brushes panel. You can group vector art pieces together to make a single brush. Shift select the pieces and drag them into the brushes panel.

PROJECT 2 For Project 2 we designed a paper creature. Our creatures had to stand on their own, have a unique story, and have different textures and colors. The project was assigned to improve our Illustrator skills. For my paper creature, I created Ol’ Spuddy R. I wanted Ol’ Spuddy to seem potato crazy. In Illustrator, I used different textures and made my own pattern to relfect on his personality.

Ol’ SPuDDy R Ol’ Spuddy R is a parasite like monster who travels from potato farm to potato farm. He will usually camp out in his box which is place over his head when he is out and about. Farmers despise him because he tends to help himself to their potatoes. He is about three potatoes tall and has green skin. He covers his green skin in a burlap sack to blend in with the potato sacks better. He also has a really big nose, which is necessary for him because he just loves to sniff potatoes. Nobody knows where this creature came from or how he came to be. The rumors between the farmers say he was created in Russia from a vodka factory.

DIRECTIONS

Final poster layout 2

1. Cut out the shapes along the black solid line on the out edges. Also cut out the face cutouts along the dotted line on figure 1. 2. Fold on the dashed lines. 3. Glue together the tabs from figure 1. Then glue the tabs together for figure 2. 4. Attach figure 1 and 2 by gluing the top part of the figure 2 to the inside of figure 1. 5. Glue tab 1 and tab 2 from the nose piece to the inside of part 3 and part 4. 6. Glue the other tabs to figure 1 in the face cutout to attached the nose. 7. Glue the hands to the ends of the arms. Then glue the arms to the body inside of the box. 8. Glue the tab of the feet to the inside of figure 2 at the bottom.

In progress creature layout

Final creature layout

Importing Illustrator file(s) into InDesign There are two common ways to import your Illustrator file into InDesign: • Place the original IA file by going to File> Place and selected your document. Then you can make it as a template, but when you do that you can’t move the separate pieces around then. • Copy and paste from IA to InDesign. If there are multiple layers, just group them together and cop and paste them. When you paste it into InDesign, it will be connected as one. It is placed into InDesign as an embedded image and can be edited if needed. You can quickly make changes to the IA file by right button clicking on the Illustrator file in InDesign. Then a pop up window will appear and from there select Edit With>Illustrator. It will bring up the original file that you can make changes to. Once you save it (without changing the name or file type), it will automatically update it in InDesign. (This also works with a photograph in Photoshop).

Glyphs

Tabs

Glyphs are a special symbol that you cannot make with the keyboard like Greek or letters with accents on them. To access them, go to Type> Type and it will be located in the drop-down tab.

Bullets and Numbered Lists

You can create custom tabs within a text box by making then inserting them in a text box. To insert them, go to Type> Insert Special Characters> Other. There, you’ll have multiple choices like tab, tab right indent, and indent. To add a tab in a text box that’s already made, place the cursor by the area you want to add the tab to then follow the same steps.

Bullet and numbering are used for creating a list of instructions or ideas. For setting them up, highlight what you want bulleted or numbered and then go the Type> Bullet and Numbering Lists and then choose which one you want.

Type menu screenshot selections

InDesign-Object-Effects You can add an effect to a text box, object, image or photograph Object> Effects. In the effects menu, you can choose from many effects: • Transparency • Drop Shadow • Inner Shadow • Outer Glow • Inner Glow • Bevel and Emboss, Satin • Basic Feather • Directional Feather • Gradient Feather • Global Light When applying an effect to a clipping mask, the image will follow the shape of the image to create a more three-dimensional look.

Link Management Effect options

You can keep track of all the linked items in you InDesign file by using the links menu on the right-side tool bar of InDesign. In this panel, you will see all the linked files that are placed in the document and the information of each connected inside the file. If a file is placed in the document but not connected to the file a triangle with an exclamation point will be on the image or file that is placed in the document saying it is not connected. The information that is usually includes the name of the linked file and what page it is on in the InDesign file and the format of the file placed in the document. It is important to have the information because this info also has the color scheme it is using and the wrong color system can have drastic effects to pictures if they are different then CMYK.

Link management tab

Bleed A bleed is the area outside the trim area of your document and is used to make sure your document goes to the edge of the page when printed. If you don’t use enough bleeds (1/8th minimum) your art work won’t run to the edge of the page when printed and trimmed for your final document.

Research The five most important questions to consider when doing research as a designer is: • What is the topic the researcher is researching? • Is the research information found, relevant to the topic? • How will the research be incorporated into the work? What is considered a credible source to rely on upon researching? • How does one properly cite/credit the source for their content. Research is important and valuable to a designer’s work because if they have wrong information in their work it makes them seem unknowledgeable and it reflects badly on their reputation.

Creep A Creep is where the pages stick out farther than the cover of the book. You must consider it when designing the book because it should get fixed and you don’t want to lose any information.

Packaging your InDesign File To save yourself a lot of headache and time it is best to Package your InDesign files on a regular basis throughout the project and at the end of the project. To do this you go to File> Package. When the menu pops up make sure all the fonts, links, images, colors, and print setting are all included. Then click Package> Continue then you name your file and save it. A warning will pop up about the legalities and to sum it up you cannot save fonts from someone else and package them to use for yourself for other work.

Types of Binding • Saddle Stitched: one of the more popular binding processes. Pages are layered on top of each other and folded in the center and then stapled through the center fold. • Perfect Bound: all the pages are layered in order and with glue or a strong adhesive put together. The cover and back cover are over the spin of the pages. • Wire/Spiral Bound: holes are punched along the side of the page and then either a wire or plastic binding is fed through the holes of the pages to create the bind • Pamphlet Stitch: like a saddle stitching binding but all the pages are stitched with string or fabric. • Coptic Bound: pages are sewn together, as well as sewn to two boards for the cover and back cover of the book. • Japanese Stab Bound: pages are attached by way of stabbing through four points evenly spaced on the spine, and then sewn together. • Screw Post Bound: screws are used on the spine to hold the pages of the book together.

Hierarchy “Typography exists to honor content.” - Robert Bringhurst: The Elements of Typographic Style Hierarchy is the way in which you present the type on the page in order of importance. This is important because it present the information in the order of which you want the viewer to read it.

Line Spacing (leading) Hierarchy Levels • Primary Level: Primary level of typography is all the big stuff. It’s the headlines and decks. This draws the reader’s attention and is the biggest type on the page. • Secondary Level: the scan-able material on the page. These are subheadings, captions, quotes, info graphs and other small illustrations. • Tertiary Level: This is the main text of your document. It is often the smallest text in the design but completely readable by all users. Other Levels: effects applied to the type in the tertiary level for small impacts like italics, bolding, and underlining which These effects are used to get the reader’s attention.

x-Height X-height is the distance between the baseline of a line of type and the tops of the main body of lowercase letters. The x-height is a factor in typeface identification and readability.

EXAMPLE: SAN SARIFS VS. THE WORLD

Line space refers to the amount of vertical space between lines of type and is measured from baseline to baseline. The op¬ti¬mal line spac¬ing is between 120%-145%. The smaller the type, the more line space you will need to help with the readability. Another factor that can affect the line space is the x-height of the typeface. The taller the x-height the more line space you will need. The same holds true for the length of the descenders.

Optimal Line Length For normal body text, 45-75 characters per line, including spaces in the best. Too short and you break the reader’s rhythm, too long, and the reader will lose their place when they travel to the next line. (Again the x-height, weight and typeface will help determine the best number of characters per line.)

Printer Spread vs. Reader Spread A Reader Spread is what a person would read when creating a book going from page 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10. Then, in a Printer spread, because pages run back to back the pages read from pages 1,8, 2,7,3,6,4, and 5.

Adobe Acrobat DC Adobe Acrobat DC is a paid subscription service by Adobe that allows much more editing by Adobe Acrobat Reader. Reader is a free program that allows any user to read PDF files. With Adobe Acrobat DC, you can edit, organize, and add comments to the PDC document.

Tools: Create and Edit • Create PDF: Allows you to create a PDF by choosing files, screenshots, web pages, clip board, and blank pages • Combine Files: Allows you to create PDF documents by combining multiple files into one document • Organize Pages: Allows the user to insert, delete, extract and rotate pages • Edit PDF: Allows the user to edit any PDF document with text and pictures.

Tools: Review and Approve • Comments: Allows you to add comments with highlighters, sticky notes, and mark-up tools • Send for Comments: Allows you to share comments with others, track comments, and compare other files. • Stamp: Allow you to stamp PDF documents with wither provided stamps or custom stamps • Send and track: allows you to send and track large files online • Compare files: allows users to compare files, new and old with people

Tools: Protect and Standardize • Protect: Allows you to add restrictions to PDF’s, like allowing certain people to view it • Redact: allows you to block portions of documents on a PDF document from people. • PDF Standards: Allows you to convert a PDF file to 1 of 3 PDF file choices, including PDF/A, PDF/X, and PDF/E • Optimise PDF: Allows you to lowering the PDF file size while also improving the quality of it • Print Production: PDF is precisely prepared for upcoming printing jobs. Here, you can improve the color output, print quality, crap and bleed marks, page orientation • Acessibilty: Allows you to better define the organization and reading order of the PDF, and ensure that no text is out of place for any wishing to view the final PDF

Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement Plagiarism: Is the wrongful using of or closely imitating copying works from someone else without their permission and then representing that person’s work as your own, and not crediting the original person for their work. Copyright Infringement: Is when you take a copyrighted work and reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or imitate the work without the permission of the copyright owner. Determine if permission is needed to use any copyrighted material. In some cases, a simple yes or no is not able to answer if the material is safe to use. The next step is to determine if the material is protected by intellectual law. If any creative material was created after the year 1922 it is U.S. copyrighted. The next step if you’re are unable to determine if the material is copyrighted or not is to identify the owner and try to contact them to see if you are able to use the material with their consent. You should identify the rights that you want Do you want exclusive or non-exclusive rights. You will also need to know the term of use and how long you want right s to the material. You can even go as far as territorial rights meaning where the material can be used. Plan ahead for permission to take around three months to obtain them. The best way to obtain rights is to get permission in writing so if legal would happen it wouldn’t be a he said/she said battle.

Citing Your Sources:MLA (Modern Language Association)

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of the work.

Photo Captions (cutlines) Photo caption is a few lines of text that explains the photograph (i.e. title of the photo). It may include the name of the artist, date and photographer.

Customizing Type • Baseline shift: Baseline shift moves selected characters up or down of the surrounding text. • Vertical scale: Allows you to increase or decrease the height of a selected character or characters in text • Tracking: is the process of loosening or tightening the spacing between the characters in selected text or an entire block of text. • Kerning: The process of adding and subtracting space between specific pairs of characters. • Horizontal scaling: Allows you to increase or decrease the width of a selected character or characters in text • Skew: Refers to when a letter form becomes slanted at a certain angle

Paper Paper is created by taking wood, cotton or other manmade or natural materials and beating it with water until it becomes a thick slurry. The slurry is then pressed to remove all the water to create a thin sheet that once dried becomes paper.

Print Booklet (On a Mac) Step 1: Make sure you set up your document correctly. (Facing pages, correct number of pages for a booklet (multiple of 4). Step 2: Go to File, Print booklet. Click the Print button, which will open up another pop-up window. Check the preview to make sure everything looks right, tell it to print blank pages. When you click OK, the Print dialog box will close and you’ll return to the Print Booklet dialog box.

Kinds of Commercial Paper Commercial paper is manufactured according to industry standards. There are a range of characteristics and specifications used to identify the different types of paper. These are Grade, Finish, Weight, Color, and Grain Direction. The basic grades (or types) of commercial printing papers are: • Bond or writing (usually used for letterheads, business forms and copier uses) • Book (the most commonly used coated and uncoated papers for printing) • Text (high quality sheets in a variety of surfaces and colors) • Cover (used when greater bulk is required such as book covers, postcards or inserts) • Tag / Bristol / Index (smooth surface papers, mostly uncoated, used for displays, file folders, tickets.)

Within each grade there are other distinctions, based on brightness, opacity, fiber content, and finish. For instance, there are matte, premium, and Step 3: Check Set-up tab to make sure the orientation is gloss finishes to coated papers. Text right, and marks and bleeds are selected. (Also make sure the Preview tab is showing the booklet properly.) Now, click papers are distinguished by finishes like smooth/vellum, felt/embossed, laid, and linen. Print and you can save the PostScript file with a name and Papers come in a variety of Surface Types. Common location: Coated types are: Gloss, Dull, Matte, Silk and Embossed. Uncoated paper comes in a wide Step 4: Convert to PDF. Once your PostScript file has been variety of finishes including: Smooth, saved, it’s time to convert it to a PDF file. Launch Acrobat Pro. Choose File, Create, PDF from File, select your PostScript Linen, Vellum, and Felt. Each of these surfaces will provide different print quality and file, and then open. Once it is done creating the PDF it will open up in a window as a pdf. You can now save it as a PDF. overall appearance. Each has its strengths and appropriateness for a particular job. If you are working on a PC, you will be able to select Print Adobe PDF from the print menu and it will work.

Most grades come in a variety of Weights for both Cover and Text. Get to know and learn to work with your printer to select the best papers for your print design job.

Printing Processes used in the Design Industry Designers use different printing options depending on the intent and scope of the project. Simple documents, like our course syllabus, are printed on laser, toner-based printers and duplicated on toner-based copy machines. Single, one-off, print jobs such as a laminated poster, would be produced on a color inkjet printer. A short run of several hundred brochures for a local event would get run on a color laser printer. Commercial projects such as the internationally distributed Print magazine or the Harry Potter books are produced in large print publishing houses using the offset printing process.

Offset Printing Commercially produced print work is most often created through a process called Offset printing. This process involves the digital image of the design being separated into plates corresponding to each of the ink colors being used in the printing process. This can be 1 or 2-colors of ink or, more often, the four process colors Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black also known as CMYK.

Digital Printing Presses Fairly recently commercial printers began offering high quality printing using all digital machines. These are ideal for shorter-run jobs and highly customizable.

Post Press Processes Commercial printers can print additional colors and can perform a number of post press processes. Post press processes include die cutting, embossing, spot varnish and foil stamping.

Copy Shops Copy centers have a range of digital printing capabilities including high quality Black & White and Full color laser printers and larger Color inkjet banner printers in different sizes.

Project 3 For project 3, we picked a club or organization at UWSP and created a brochure about them. I picked UWSP’s Men Rugby. After I picked my group, I gathered information about them. I got information about their club on Facebook and SPIN mostly. When I created my brochure, I wanted to use the team’s colors, but also UWSP’s colors. I wanted to include stuff about their previous season that ended a couple days before I made the brochure. I wanted to clearly inform someone who was interested in that club in my overall design.

UWSP Men’s Rugby

“The Black and Blood” Heather Quisler Art 211 12-1-16

Brochure’s front and back cover

Men’s Rugby Logo

Graphic Design ABCs: A Glossary of Basic Design Terms December 4, 2014 This post was originally published on September 22, 2007 on the UCreative website. You can find us at: http://www.ucreative.com/resources/. Since then we’ve updated the list and added images. Enjoy, Creatives! (DKB Hoover revised this list for her students in 2016.)

Designers have their own language. There are words that only we understand. Sometimes we don’t really know their exact definitions; we simply use them out of familiarity. It’s about time someone put them out there. The YouTheDesigner (YTD) team updated this glossary of graphic design terms for design newbies and experienced artists alike.

A Acrobat A product developed by Adobe systems to create PDF (Portable Document Format) files. Acrobat is an independent means of creating, viewing, and printing documents. Airbrush A tool using compressed air that to spray a liquid, such as paint, and ink. Often used in used in illustration and photo retouching. Alignment The adjustment of arrangement or position in lines of a text or an image —left, right, centered, etc. Alpha Channel The process of incorporating an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency. Alpha channels are used to create masks that allow you to confine or protect parts of an image you want to apply color, opacity, or make other changes. Analog Proof (Prepress Proof) A proof that uses ink jet, toner, dyes, overlays, photographic, film, or other methods to give a an idea of what the finished product should look like. Anchor Point Anchor points allow the user to manipulate a path’s shape or direction by clicking the point and moving it in a direction. They appear along the beginning

of a path, at every curve, and at the end of a path. You can add or subtract anchor points on a path. Animated GIF A small animation based on continuous GIF images, giving the impression of movement or action. Animation Generating movement through a series of images/frames. Art Director The individual responsible for the selection, execution, production of graphic art. Ascenders The part of a letter, which extends above the mid line, such as ‘b’ or ‘d’. Asymmetrical This is when graphics and/or text are not identical on both sides of a central line.

B Bad Break Refers to widows or orphans in text copy; any break that causes awkward reading. Bar The horizontal or vertical line drawn through a grapheme (unit of writing, such as a letter). Sometimes added to distinguish one grapheme from another. Baseline An imaginary line upon which letters sit and descenders extend below the baseline.

Bevel A tool in design software for drawing angles or modifying the surface of your work to a certain inclination. Bezier Curve A parametric curve that represents a vector path in computer graphics. They are frequently drawn using a pen tool and by placing anchor points, which can be controlled to form curved shapes. Bitmap A series of bits that forms a structure representing a graphic image. The color of each pixel is individually defined. Bleed When a graphic object extends through another in an unwanted manner. It is then trimmed so there is no chance for a white line on the edges. Body Type The typeface used in the main text of a printed matter. Border The decorative design or edge of a surface, line, or area that forms it’s outer boundary. Branding The process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers‘ mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme.

C Canvas Size Allows you to change the complete size of the document without adjusting the contents of the document Clipping Path A tool or shape that’s used to cut out an image.

Dingbat An ornament used in typesetting to add space around an image or a symbol.

that contain an image, within another PostScript document.

Dodge This is when you lighten or reduce part of an image by shading.

Etch To imprint a design onto the surface of a plate by using a chemical such as acid.

Dot Gain As ink hits the paper, it is absorbed and spreads out.

Export To save a file in a format supported by other programs.

Cloning Pixels A function that allows you to replicate pixels from one place Double Page Spread A double page spread is a layout that extends across to another. two pages. CMYK Stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black; this color model (also DPI (Dots Per Inch) A term referring the number of dots of ink used to called process color, four color) is a subtractive color model used in color describe the details of an image. printing. Drop Shadow Is a visual effect added to an image to give the impression the Color Palette A set of colors that make up the total range of colors used image is raised above the background by duplicating the shadow. in graphic computers.

E-Zine Stands for electronic magazine. Refers to the name of a website that is represented by a print magazine; an web-based magazine that you can subscribe to.

F Feathering A tool used in graphic design software that makes the edges of an image appear softer.

Fill A tool used to fill selected parts of Comp (Comprehensive) Comps are Dummy A prototype or mock-up of a an image with a selected color. book, page, or any project designed made to see what the initial design to resemble and serve as a substitute Filter A filter is a pre-created effect project will look like before it’s that can be applied to images to printed, showing the layout of the text for the real thing. acquire a certain look. and illustrations. Duotone A method of printing an image using two colors, usually black Flexography A printing technique Complementary Colors The colors where printing plates are made of that are opposite of each other when and a spot color. rubber or soft plastic material and viewed on the color wheel. then stretched around a drum on the E press that rotates. Contrast The difference between the Ear The rounded part of the light and dark parts of an image. lowercase letters such as ‘g’ and ‘q’. Flyer A single sheet of paper handed out or posted on a wall to advertise or Copy This term refers to text supplied Element Any distinct part of a layout announce something. for incorporation into a design. such as the logo, headline, images, or Focal Point In graphic design terms, Crop A tool that removes portions of borders. Embedding Process of transferring all the focal point is where you want to an image. It is usually used in digital the data of a font or image into a file. draw the reader’s or viewer’s eye. photography. Font A complete combination of characters created in a specific type, style, and size. The set of characters in Descender The part of a lowercase a font entails the letter set, the number letter that stretches below the set, and all of the special characters baseline and body of the letter. Engraving To print designs by cutting and marks you get when pressing the shift key or other command keys on Die Cut A die that cut shapes or holes the surface of a metal plate. your keyboard. in different materials to make the EPS Stands for Encapsulated Post design stand out. Script. This is a graphics file format used to transfer PostScript documents

Emboss To give a three-dimensional effect to a text or an image by using highlights and shadows on the sides of the illustration.

4-Color Process A printing technique Graphics Visual presentations that that creates colors by combining, feature printed messages that are clear cyan, magenta, yellow, and black and appealing. (cmyk). Grayscale Grayscale images consist of Frames Referring to animation, a frame black, white, no color, and up to 256 is a single image in a series of graphic shades of gray. images. The speed of an animation is determined by the number of frames Grid Is a two-dimensional format displayed per second or fps. made up of a set of horizontal and vertical axes used to structure content.

G Gang To combine multiple jobs on one print plate in order to reduce costs and setup charges. Gamut The range of colors available to a particular output device or a given color space, such as a laser printer or an image setter. If the color range is too wide for that specific device, it is indicated as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;out of gamutâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Gatefold A type of fold in which the paper is folded inward to form four or more panels. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) GIF images display up to 256 colors. It supports animation and allows an individual palette of 256 color for each frame. The color limitation makes the GIF format inappropriate for reproducing color photographs and other images with consistent color. GIF images are compressed using the LZW lossless data compression method to decrease the size of the file without corrupting the visual quality. Gradient A function in graphic software that permits the user to fill an object or image with a smooth transition of colors. Graphic Design Visual communication using text or images to represent an idea or concept. It is also a term used for all activities relating to visual design, including web design, logo design, etc.

43 HSB A color space stands for hue, saturation, and brightness. Hue One of the three primary attributes of color. A hue is a variety of color such as red, blue, green, or yellow.

I-beam The form the pointer assumes when the text tool is chosen. Gutter In book production, the white Ideograph (also ideogram) A space formed by the inner margins of character or symbol representing a spread near the books spine. an idea without expressing the punctuation of a specific word or Halftone (1) A photograph or scan words for it. of a consistent tone image to alter the image into halftone dots. (2) Image Map An image map is an A photograph or continuous-tone HTML document containing multiple illustration that has been halftoned clickable hyperlinks. and that is displayed on film, paper, Imagesetter Laser output device for printing plate, or the final printed producing professional-quality text product. with extremely high resolution. Imposition A layout of pages on mechanicals or flats so they will H appear in proper order after press Halo Effect A vague shadow sheets are folded and bound. sometimes surrounding halftone dots Indents A set in or back from the printed. Also called halation. The halo margin. itself is called a fringe. Initial Cap Big, capital letters which Hard Copy The permanent are found at the beginning of reproduction of the output of a paragraphs or chapters. computer or printer. For example: teleprinter pages, continuous printed Inkjet Printer A printer that tapes, computer printouts, etc. electrostatically sprays tiny ink droplets onto paper. Header The text which appears at the top of a printed page Invert Inversion of the tonal values or colors of an image. On an inverted Headline A large text illustrating the image, black becomes white, blue opening statement used in a layout. becomes orange, etc. Highlights Lightest part of a photograph or halftone, as opposed to mid-tones and shadows.

Italic The style of letters that usually slope to the right. Used for emphasis within text.

High-Resolution Image An image with an extreme level of sharpness/ clarity.

HLS A color space that stands for hue, lightness, and saturation.

Jog To arrange sheets of paper into a neat, compact pile.

44 JPEG (Joint Photographic Electronic Group) A common process for compressing digital images. (Also expressed as .jpg)

Lossy A form of data compression Mock Up A recreation of the original where detail is deleted as the file size printed material; could possibly is decreased. JPEG is an example of a contain instructions or directions. lossy compression method. Modern An altered version of Old Justify This refers to making a block of Lower Case The smaller form of letter Style. these high-contrast letters have type a certain length by adding space used in type. heavy, untapered stems and light to the words and letters in each line. serifs. Originally established by Firmin Low-Resolution Image A low-quality Didot and Giambattista Bodoni during scan made from a photograph or the the late 18th to early 19th centuries. K like. Multimedia Offering the use of various Kerning Modifying the horizontal communications such as text, sound, space between letters. Luminosity The brightness of an area and still or moving images. Keyframe Any frame in which a arranged by the amount of light it specific aspect of an item (its size, reflects or diffuses. location, color, etc.) is specifically N defined. Negative Space Also known as white M space. The area of a page that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Keyline A keyline is another name for Magic Wand Tool A tool in graphic contain images or words. a rule, line, or even a frame border. software that permits the user to Keyline options can be set through select fractions of an image such as Neon Glow A type of glow on design software applications to adjust areas with the same color. a graphic image that gives the the width, to be solid or dotted, or to appearance of neon lighting. show different patterns. Margins Guidelines in a page layout software that shows a user the body News Print Paper used in printing copy areas. It also allows the user to newspapers; not considered a highL indicate the dimensions. Margins are quality paper. Layers A tool within graphic software not supposed to be printed. that permits the user to gather, Noise Noise is a term used to organize, and re-edit their artwork. Mask See clipping path. describe the development of pixels that contain random colors. Leading Refers to the amount of Master Page A property found in added vertical spacing between lines a page layout software that allows of text. the user to create a constant page O layout. Repeating elementsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;like page Oblique A Roman typeface which Leaf One piece of paper in a numbersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;are created once on a slants to the right. Often confused publication. master. This permits the user to stay with italics. clear of adding the numbers for each Legend A table inside a project that page manually. Offset Printing A printing method lists vital illustrations or instructions; that transfers ink from a plate to a footnote that helps users better Matte Finish Non-glossy finish on blanket to paper as opposed to understand information. photographic paper or coated directly inking from plate to paper. printing paper. Letterpress A technique of printing Old Style A style of type where movable type is inked and then Mean Line Also called x-height. characterized by slight contrast pressed against paper to create an The imaginary point of all lowercase between light and heavy strokes and impression. Also called block printing. characters without ascenders. slanting serif. Lossless Refers to a form of data compression where the detail is maintained and no data is lost after file downsizing. The lossless compression method is often used in TIFF and GIF formats.

Midtones In a photograph or illustration, tones composed by dots between 30 percent and 70 percent of coverage, as opposed to highlights and shadows.

Opacity The degree of a color or tonal value. The opacity of an image or object that can range from transparent (0% opacity) to opaque (100% opacity). The ability to edit the opacity of specific objects allows the

45 designer to create images that seem to printers the formulas for making those R flow into and through one another. colors. Ragged The imbalanced alignment of text lines. Ragged is the opposite of OpenType A font format created PDF Stands for Portable Document flush. A text block may be formatted by Adobe and Microsoft. Open Format. Developed by Adobe to be evenly flush (align) right and Type font can include a set of glyphs Systems in its software program, unevenly aligned (ragged) on the left. defined as True Type or Type 1 curves. Adobe Acrobat, to serve as a universal browser. Files can be downloaded Rasterize An image is said to be Orphan Line The first line of a over the web and viewed page by rasterized when transformed from paragraph appearing on its own at the page, provided the user’s computer vector image to a bitmapped image. bottom on a page with the remaining has installed the application. When opening a vector image in a part of the paragraph appearing on bitmap-based editing program, you the next page. Pica A unit of measurement for type. are generally presented with a dialog Commonly used for typewriters. box of options for rasterizing the Outline This can refer to the outside image. edge of a font or the outer edge Pixel The smallest picture content that of a vector graphic image drawn can be individually assigned a color. Resample A function accessible in in a package such as Illustrator or image editing that permits the user to Freehand. Plate A piece of paper, metal, plastic, change the resolution of the image or rubber carrying an image to be while keeping its pixel count intact. Overlay Layer of material taped to a duplicated using a printing press. mechanical photo or proof. Acetate Resolution The resolution of an image overlays are used to divide colors PNG Portable Network Graphics is an important factor in deciding the by having some type or art on them format. PNG (usually pronounced attainable output quality. The higher instead of on the mounting board. “ping”), is used for lossless the resolution of an image, the less Tissue overlays are used to carry compression. The PNG format displayspixelated it will be and the curves of instructions about the underlying copy images without jagged edges while the image will appear smoother. and to protect the base art. keeping file sizes rather small, making them popular on the web. PNG files RGB (Red, Green, Blue) RGB is the Overprint To print additional material are generally larger than GIF files. color model used to project color on or another color over a previously a computer monitor. By combining printed image. PPI Pixels Per Inch. A measurement of these three colors, a large percentage the resolution of a computer display. of the visible color spectrum can be Over Run Additional printed material represented. beyond order. Over run policy differs Primary Colors The primary colors are in the printing industry, usually within put together to produce the full range Rich Media Rich media are banner ads 10% of the original quantity run. of other colors (non-primary colors), that use technology more developed within a color model. The primary than standard GIF animation. For colors for the additive color model example: Flash, Shockwave, streaming P is red, green, and blue. The primary video, etc. Page Layout Deals with the setup colors for the subtractive color model and style of content on a page. An is cyan, magenta, and yellow. Right Justified Type aligned with example of a page layout is the pages its right margin. Also known as “flush in magazines or brochures. right.”

Page Size A setting that allows the user to define the size of the page they are creating their artwork on.

Quick Mask A filter in Photoshop in which a translucent colored mask covers selective areas of an image.

Pantone Matching System The Pantone matching system is used for defining and blending match colors. It accommodates designers with swatches of over 700 colors and gives

Quick Time QuickTime was developed by Apple Computer. It’s built into the Macintosh operating system computers and is used for displaying and editing animation.

RIP (Raster Image Processor) Transfers fonts and graphics into raster images, which are used by the printer to draw onto the page. Rivers A river is a typographic term for the ugly white gaps that can appear in justified columns of type when there is too much space between words

46 on concurrent lines of text. Rivers are particularly common in narrow columns of text, where the type size is relatively large. Royalty-Free Photos Intellectual property like photos and graphic images that are sold for a single standard fee. These can be used repeatedly by the purchaser only, but the company that sold the images usually still owns all the rights to it.

S Sans Serif A style of typeface that means “without feet.” Usual sans serif typefaces include Arial, Helvetica, AvantGarde, and Verdana.

programs automatically create their own small caps, but true small caps are often only found in expert typefaces.

True Color System A true color system is a 24-plane graphics subsystem which composes the entire range of 16.7 million colors.

Spread (1) Two pages that face each other and are created as one visual or production unit. (2) Method of slightly enlarging the size of an image to make a hairline trap with another image. Also called fatty.

Typeface A typeface consists of a series of fonts and a full range of characters such as, numbers, letters, marks, and punctuation.

Typography The art of arranging type—which includes letters, Subtractive Color A term defining the numbers, and symbols—so that it is three subtractive primary colors: cyan, pleasing to the eye. This includes not magenta, and yellow. As opposed to only the font that is used but how it is the three additive colors: red, blue, arranged on the page: letter by letter, and green. size, line spacing, etc.

Saturation The intensity of hue. The T quality of difference from a gray of the Template Refers to a printing project’s same lightness or brightness. basic details with regard to its dimensions. A general layout. Scale A design or program is said to scale if it is relevantly efficient and Text Wrap A term used in page layout reasonable when applied to larger software, specifically to the way text situations. can be shaped around the edges of images. Screen Printing Technique of printing by using a squeegee to force ink Thumbnail A thumbnail is a reducedthrough an assembly of mesh fabric size version of the original image. and a stencil. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) A Selection Selection refers to an area graphic file format used for storing of an image that is isolated so it can images . TIFF is a commonly used file be edited while the rest of the image format for high color depth images. is protected. Tint A color is made lighter by adding Shadow Detail Shadow detail refers white, this is called a tint. to the amount of detail held in the dark areas of an image. If the shadow Tolerance Tolerance is the range is lightened too much in an attempt to of pixels a tool in graphic software expose more detail, you run the risk functions in. Or the range of shade of reducing the overall contrast of the or color pixels a Magic Wand selects, image. etc. Sharpen To reduce in color strength, as when halftone dots become smaller; opposite of “thicken” or “dot spread.” Small Caps Capital letters that are about the same height as the tvpeface’s x-height. Some software

U Uncoated Paper This is paper that doesn’t have a coating applied to it for smoothness. Unsharp Mask A method used to heighten the sharpness or focus of images by selecting and increasing the contrast of pixels alongside the edges of images. Uppercase Also known as capital letters, they are the larger characters in a typeface. UV Coating A glossy coating applied to the paper surface and dried using ultraviolet light. It is glossy and adds a certain level of protection to the printed material.

V Value This refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a color. Varnish This is a liquid coating applied to a surface for protection and for a glossy effect.

Tonal Distribution Tones can be redistributed during the scanning or image editing process. To lighten dark images or to darken light images. Vector Graphic Vector graphics allow the designer to expand or reduce the Trim Size The size of the printed vector graphic in size without any loss material in its finished stage. in quality using curves, points, lines, and polygons.

Verso The left-hand page of a book or to right and print the other side. The a manuscript. same gripper and plate are used for this process.

WYSIWYG What You See Is What Watermark Translucent design You Get. This is an approximate impressed on paper created during screen representation of what the final manufacture, it is visible when held to printed image will look like. light. Web-Safe Colors A color table containing only 216 out of a possible 256 colors, used to accurately match the colors of graphics and pictures in cross-platform web browsers. Weight The range of a stroke’s width. Also knows as semi-bold, light, and bold. Some typeface families have many weights like ultra-bold and extra-light. Associated to the heaviness of the stroke for a specific font, such as Light, Regular, Book, Demi, Heavy, Black, and Extra Bold. White Point One of a handful of reference illuminants used to define the color “white”. Based on the application, different definitions of white are needed to give sufficient results. White Point Adjustment A white point adjustment establishes the amount of highlighted detail in an image. Widow Line A single line of a paragraph at the bottom of a page or column. Width Refers to whether the basic typeface has been lengthened or compressed horizontally. The typical variations are Condensed, Normal, or Extended. Word Processing Program A software application package that assists in creating, editing, and printing Work and Turn This is when you print on one side of a sheet of paper, then you turn the sheet over from left

X X-Height This is the height of the lowercase letters that do not have ascenders or decenders, such as a, c, e and mm

Y Yellow One of the subtractive primary colors of CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that is used in fourcolor process inks.

Z Zip Stands for Zone Information Protocol: This is a way of compressing files into a smaller size, so they can be transferred with more ease over the Internet or any other means. Zoom Most design software lets you zoom in or out on an image to get a closer or farther away look. Zooming in is especially useful when photo retouching or working on tiny details.