ကြန္ျပဴတာဂ်ာနယ္ by Hein Htet

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uGeyf sLwm tar;tajz

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pD'aD y:u tjcpft&mrsm; VCD twGuf Format Auto Run vnf;rwuf icon

24 25 25 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 32

EXCEL aeYpGJtqifrajy oif bmaeYom;vJ wpfcgwnf; ajymif;ukefzdkY&m twef;wifpmar;yGJ &v'frsm; ta&twGufodcsif Power vm;? square root vm; ydkjrwfrvm; tvkyfvkyfcsdef wGufMunfhcsif Excel wGif aeYpJG xnf&h wm aeYpGJudk xnfhwmeJY aeY&ufudk jyEdkifygw,f azmfjrLvmudk jrifcsifvdkYyg ESpfvGef arG;ouú&mZfrsm; Excel rSm pmvHk; a&wGufEdkifygw,f Excel pmom;awGvkduf½IyfaevkdY Excel &Jq U v J u f u G v f yfrmS okn rxnhcf siyf g oifh toufudk twdtusodEdkifygw,f

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46 47 48 48 49 49 50 51 52 52 53 54 55

GAME aumfypD 'D aD y:u "crack files" rsm; *drf;eJYywfouf&if ajz&cufygw,f pD'DrxnfhbJ *drf;upm;csifygw,f *drf;awGu uGefysLwmeJY ukdufnDzkdY&m cufcJwkef;yg DLL zkid u f dk &Smzk&Yd m Battlefield 2 upm;vkYd r&yg

59 59 61 61 62 63

*&yfzpfuwfu ta&;ygygw,f Quake IV upm;vkdY r&yg *drf;upm;&if restart jyefjyefjzpfvkdY Red Alert 2 upm;vkYd r&yg taumif;qkH;*drf;qkdwm rawGUao;yg Vorld of Warcraft upm;zk&Yd m 0dwfavQmhxm;wmrsm;vm;

64 64 65 66 66 67 67

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GENERAL oabFmay:rSm tqifajyzdkY&m Flash drive udk rzwfvdkYyg uD;bkwfcvkwfawGudk rxd&Jyg vIy&f mS ;aewJh yHu k kd print screen zrf;csi&f if [mh'f'pfawGudk ae&mrSefjzpfcsifygw,f Hub u 'kua© y;aewm r[kwyf g Backup vkyfcsifygw,f pufzGifhvkduf&if xkd;&yfoGm;wmu Drive u tvkyv f yk w f m aES;aevdyYk g zkefawG r0ifEkdifatmif IEEE awG b,fvdkuGmjcm; BCcode error awG bmyJjzpfjzpf wpfNyKd ief uf oH;k csi&f if Control uD;udk owd&yg odvdkwmawG uGefysLwmcsif; rwlvdkYvm; Error rsm;udk zwfz&Ykd m

69 70 71 72 72 73 74 75 75 76 77 78 79 79 83 85

GLOSSARY Phreak eJY phishing qdkwm

at auG;auG;av; VPN qdkonfrSm Cookies qdkwm rkefYvm;

pum;vHk;awGu wlaeovdkyg MSOCache qdkwm

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

115 116 117 118 118 120

93 96 97 98 99 100 101 103 106 107 109

HARDWARE vJ&atmif 123 armfeDwm wpfvHk;yJ oHk;csif 125 b,fvdk [mh'f0JawG wyfqifxm;ovJ 125 aumif;vdkuf? raumif;vdkufeJY 127 zdkifawG ysufukefjyDqdkvdkY 128 Memory rvHkavmufyg 129 bdoHawG xGufaevdkY 130 uGefysLwmrSm taumif;qHk;qdkwm r&dSEdkifyg 131 armfeDwmrSm resolution ajymif;r&vdkYyg 131 Drive udk yHkaotrnf owfrSwfvdkygw,f 132 uGefysLwmcsif;qufoG,fEdkif&ef 134 acwfukefawmhrnfh 3.5 vufr 135 floppy diskette rsm; [mh'f'pfu aMumifwmvm; 136 [mh'f'pfu rsufvSnhfjyaewmvm; 137 uGefysLwmu odyfa[mif;aeygjyD 139 uRefawmfh [mh'f'pfae&mawG b,fudka&muf 139 Display screen awG b,fvdkaMumifh 140 tvif;a&mif xGufwmvJ Refresh rate uGmvdkYyg 141 topf0,fwmu ydktqifajyr,fxifygw,f 142 [mh'f'pfwyfxm;wm rodygqdkvdkY 143 Root trSm; 143 uD;bkwfu cvkwftcsKdUrSm trSef ray:vdkYyg 144 aps;vnf; oufom? t&nftaoG;vnf; 144 oifhwifhwJh yDpDwpfvHk;qdkwm [mh'f'pf 'format' udk MudKufovdkxm;Edkif 145 Settings awG bmhaMumifh rSm; 146 Power supply

yDpD ta[mif;twGuf [mh'f'pf ta&miftwGuf bit rvHkavmufyg armfeDwmzefom;jyif rjidrf jzpfaeygw,f wu,fawmh [mh'f'pfysufwmyg USB u ESmap;aewmvm; [mh'f'pfrSm odrf;xm;wJh[mawG MuufO aMumfEdkifavmufwJh tyl Cursor u ckefaeygw,f Format rvkyfcif owdxm;p&m Graphics card vJ&awmhr,f xifygw,f [mh'f'pfrsm;\ pGrf;&nf rSwfÓPfrsm;av ydkaumif;avyg NTFS odkY ajymif;zdkY&m vG,fygw,f rMumcP ay:wJh error Format rvkyb f J partition cGcJ siyf gw,f "mwfcJ vJvYkd r&yg prf;oyfcsifwmawGu rsm;aeovm;vdkY wHkYjyefrIawG aES;aeygw,f Drive C: rSm jynfah eygjyD Portable hard drive qdkvdkY PCI slots qdkayr,fh awmfawmfhudk ylr,fh uGefysLwmyg uGefysLwmudk rEdkif0ef rxrf;cdkif;ygESifh uD;bkwfu aumif;aeayr,fh [mh'f'pfu trSm;jy uGefysLwmwpfvHk; wyfqifzdkY&m [mh'f'pfom vJay;vdkufygawmh OC qdkonfrSm

146 147 147 148 149 150 150 151 152 153 153 154 154 155 156 159 160 162 162 163 164 165 165 166 167 167 168 169

INTERNET-NETWORK Firmware vm;? Firewall vm; Firmware qdkwm bmvJ Network csw d w f m 0goem ygvyYkd g

b,fvkdtrSm;rsKd;ygvJ tifwmeuf jyóem

171 171 173 173 174

Link awGudk tqifajyajy oHk;zdkY&m Outlook Express rSm tD;ar;vf odrf;&ef Script error wufaeygw,f eBook b,fvdk a&mufvmwmvJ

175 176 177 178 tifwmeufujyefxGufwdkif; trSm;jyaew,f 179

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INTERNET-NETWORK tifwmeufudk 0if&if &yfoGm;wwfygw,f tGefvdkif;udk ajymif;vdkufwmeJY uGefysLwmu jyefpaeygw,f uReaf wmfh Inbox zdv k 'f g zGirhf &awmhyg Mozilla firefox udk rawGUvdkYyg trnfawGu qifwlaeovdkyg yHkawG ygrvmvdkYyg 0ufbfqkdufawGukd &,lzkdY&m Cookies awGudk 0g;pm;ypfvdkufyg oifh uGefysLwm rvHkjcHKao;yg Home page rSm jiad eygw,f Network MudK;udk ppfMunhfyg

179 180 181 182 182 184 184 185 185 187 187

tifwmeufuawmh &dSrSjzpfrSmyg

188 191 192 tD;ar;vfrsm;udk wpfae&mrSm pkpnf;odrf;zdkY&m 193 tD;ar;vfy&ifh pmvHk;qdkufawG vGJaeygw,f 194 Gmail udk oabmusw,fwJhvm; 195 tp azsmufcsiyf gw,f 197 bmawG ,lcsifao;vJ 198 ajc&m azsmufcsi&f if 200 tifwmeufudk tjynfht0 oHk;csif 201 uGef&uf tvkyf vkyfaewmudkodcsifygw,f 201 IP Star qdkonfrSm 202 IE7.0 udk jzKwfvdkY r&awmhyg Websites awGudk save vkyv f Ykd r&awmhyg

MEDIA MP3 rSm rsufpdvnfp&mawG Windows Media Player 10 r&yg

aw;*DwrSm 0goemygw,f qdkvdkYyg 'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrsm;twGif; Mega pixel qkdonfrSm SLR qkdonfrSm yHkudk t&G,fajymif;zkdY&m zvifESifh 'pf*spfw,f tjrifhqHk; pixels CCD qkdwm Pixels ESifh bit b,fvkduGm 2 megapixels onf b,favmufjrifh Digital formets rsm; okdavSmifuwfrsm; uifr&mrsm;\ bufx&D okdavSmifuwfrsm;\ pGrf;&nf pD'DeJYvnf; odrf;Ekdif AD'D,kd ½kdufzkdY&m yHk t&nftaoG; rusapzd&Yk m MP3, MP4 aw; format rsm; VCD twGuf format

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

205 206 207 207 208 209 209 211 211 212 213 214 214 215 216 216 217 217 218 219 221

AD'D,dkwnf;jzwf aqmhzf0Jrsm; Line-in jack rygvyYkd g PowerPoint rSonf ½ky&f iS t f jzpfoYkd um&mtdkaupmwrf; xdk;csifygw,f WAV zdik af wGukd MP3 odkY ajymif;csifygw,f xGuforQ format awG vdu k rf zD &Ykd m rD'D,me,fy,frSm format u rsm;vSygw,f jrefrmtD;bkwfawG zwfzdkY&m ,leDukwfqdkonfudk odxm;MuoifhygjyD ½kyf&Siftjzpf zefwD;w,fqdkayr,fh Photoshop u us,fjyefYvSygw,f "mwfyHkawG ½dkufxm;wm &SmrawGUawmhyg b,fvdk "mwfcJrsKd; oHk;&rvJ Install jyKvkyfjcif; &Smwwf&if trsm;MuD;yg tajymif;tvJawGrsm;vScsnfvm; tjynfhtpkH odEkdifygw,f

221 222 224 225 226 227 228 228 229 229 230 231 232 233 233 234 235

PAGEMAKER PageMaker rSm tajz&Sm PageMaker pmrsuEf mS awGrjrif&vdyYk g Layer awG xyfae&if vkyf&tqifrajyyg PageMaker rSm yHx k nf&h wm b,fvu kd mG PageMaker rSm vdkif;qGJzdkY&m

pm&GufMuD;MuD; ½dkufcsifygw,f awG &d&S ufeYJ aysmufaevdyYk g pmrsufESmawG tvdkvdk ajymif;zdkY&m '? " aysmufaewm Toolbar aysmufaevdyYk g uGefysLwmrSm umvmcGJzdkY&m vG,fvG,fululeJY orting vkyfEdkifygw,f pmvHk; b,favmuf&dSygovJ 'Davmufawmh uGmrSmaygh Fonts

237 238 238 239 240 240 241 242 243 244 245 245 246 247

247 248 249 249 pm&Gufudk axmifvdkuf? vSJvdkuf vkyfEdkif 251 Table Editor qdkonfrSm 253 pmvHk;xnfhxm;wm rwlvdkYyg 253 pmvH;k ta&mif Auto jzpfaevdkY xifygw,f 255 A[k*HxJ pmom;xnfhzdkY&m 255 armif&ifwdkYyJ ydwfxm;cJhwmyg 256 GIF rSonf TIFF odkY wdkuf½dkufajymif;Edkif 257 Fonts ajymif;zdkY&m vG,fygw,f 285 armfeDwmjrifuGif;udk pdwfBudKuf ajymif;csif 259

261 262 263 263 264 264

rifukef oufomapcsifvdkYyg yHkul;í r&yg bmrsm; rSm;aevkdYvJ puifemaMumifh error wufwmvm; puifem tvkyf rvkyfawmhyg puifem ta[mif;awG

265 265 266 267 267 268

269 269 270 271 272 273 273 274 275

Password udk odzdkYqdkwm vG,fulwJh tvkyfrS r[kwfwm y½dk*&rfawGudk wpfNydKifeuf zGifhzdkY&m uGefysLwm a'gufwm &rf;uk [mh''f pfrmS partition awG cGJzdkY&m toGifwlwJh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udkwifxm;vQif conflict jzpfEikd f BIOS trsKd;tpm; wjcm; font pmvHk;awGudk erlemMunhfcsif

276

Slide show vkyfcsifygw,f Postscript printer vdkaevdkYyg Photoshop rSmyJ oGm;jyD; yGifhaeygw,f Header/footer udk trsK;d rsK;d jzpfapzdYk

PRINTER-SCANNER rifjznfw h m tqifrajyyg rifaMumifhvm;? y&ifwmaMumifhvm; omrefpuúLrSm yHkawG rvSvdkY y&ifwmudk twlwl oHk;csifygw,f pm&GufESpfzufpvHk; oHk;Edkifygw,f y&ifwmrSm pmrsufESmpDzdkY&m

SOFTWARE aqmhzf0Jwpfck &dSoifhygw,f aqmhzf0J twdktxGmav;rsm; &Smr&bl;whJ rSm;w,fvkdY cPcP jyaew,f topfwifvnf; trSm;jyaeqJ rvdktyfwJh zdkifawG rsm;vmvdkYyg aqmhzf0JawG tukef oHk;csifygw,f ShowBiz okH;vkdY r&yg aqmhzf0JeJYywfoufvdkY Albums

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

277 278 278 279 280 280

SOFTWARE yHkawGudk udk,fBudKufwJh trnfodkY vG,fulpGm ajymif;ay;Edkifygw,f b,fa&mufaerSef; rodwJh zdkifrsm;udk jrefjref&mS csiv f yYkd g ocsmF ykpmä tajz&Smp&m qifwlyHkrsm;? zdkifrsm;udk cGJxkwfzdkY&m aqmzhf0Jtopfay:wdkif; oHk;rSmvm; aqmhzf0JwpfckeJY tqifrajy&if aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk wifxm;vdkYyg Defrag vkyf r&awmhyg b,fvdk taMumif;awG ygwJh zdkifawGqdkwm BuKd Ny;D jrifEikd zf &Ykd m

281

yHkawGudk trnf ay;zdkY&m uae ajymif;zdkY&m ododomom jrif&ygr,f rvdkcsifvdkY z,fxkwfwm udk,fydkif tdkif;uGef;av;awG uGefysLwmcsif; rwlyg .EPS udkrS Munfhcsifolyg aqmhz0f pJ 'D aD wGu trsK;d rsK;d jzpfaevdyYk g taumif;qHk;qdkwm r&dSao;yg rodovdk odovdkyg pmrsm;rsm;zwfzkdYawmh vkdygvdrfhr,f jyefMudK;pm;MunfhygOD;

290 291 291 292 294 296 296 298 300 300 302 303

Adik ;f &yfpf tEÅ&m,f ay;aeqJyg Adkif;&yfpfudkom tjypfwifvdkufyg b,fawmhrS r½dk;EdkifwJh Adkif;&yfpf qef;qef;jym;jym; Adkif;&yfpftrnfrsm; Adkif;&yfpfaMumifhvdkY vTJcsvdkygw,f tckxdrjyD;jywfao;wJh Flashy wu,fawmh error ay:&wJh taMumif;u trsm;MuD;yg Run aysmufaevkYd Akdif;&yfpfuydwfxm;wmvkdY qkdygw,f cPcPaysmufaeMuwm

314 314 316 318 318 320 321

½Iyfatmif ar;vdkufwmvm; uReaf wmfh backups awG b,fa&muf emrnf ajymif;csifw,f udk,fhtrnf udk,fwyfzdkY&m cufra,mifeJY vG,fygw,f [kdvkdonfvkd ajymif;csif

335 336 337

Apple

282 283 284 285 286 287 287 289

VIRUS wpfrsKd;jyD;wpfrsKd; ay:aewhJtrSm; Spyware awG adware awG 0ifaejyD Starter aES;aevdkYyg Trojan Horse qdkonfrSm Spam qdkonfrSm uGefysLwmrSm wifxm;oifhwJh tumtuG,fjyK aqmhzf0Jrsm; Adik ;f &yfpf &daS ejyD Adkif;&yfpf0ifw,fvdkY tvG,fwul ajymMuw,f Adkif;&yfpf aqmhzf0JawGu raumif;wmvm; rvkyfwwfawmhyg

305 305 306 307 308 308 310 310 311 312

324 325 326

WINDOWS uGefysLwmrSm Restart u tvdkvdk jyefjzpfaeygw,f [mh'f'pfay:u partition awG DOS boot floppy rsm; r&Sdawmhyg aemufqHk; wdk;jr§ifhjcif;udk apmifhaeygw,f Save vkyyf g

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329 330 332 333 334

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115

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116

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

117

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118

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

119

MSOCache

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120

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Cluster

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122

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132

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134

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135

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136

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142

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Outlook Express

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176

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Script error

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178

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179

Adware (www.download.com) search for adware

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180

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Inbox

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181

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182

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205

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206

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207

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210

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211

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Pixels

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'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mrsm;wGif oH;k onfh pixel [laom toH;k tEIe;f onf uGeyf sLwmrsm;wGif oH;k Mu onfh bit, byte ponf pum;vHk;rsm;eJY qufpyfr&I Syd govm;/ &dSygw,f/ 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;[m uGefysLwmrsm;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwmrsm; ay:vmNyD; aemufqufwGJ jzpfxGef;vmwJh enf;ynmrsm; jzpfygw,f/ Pixel udk 1-bit vdkY ajym Edkifygw,f/ Bit onf uGefysLwmenf;ynmrSm tajccHtusqHk; ,lepfwpfckyg/ Bit wpfckrSm udef;aowefzdk; okn (0) odkYr[kwf wpf (1) &dSygw,f/ ¤if;onf x&efppöwmrSwpfqifh vQyf pD;aMumif; rpD;0ifEdkifjcif; (oauFw-okn) eJY pD;0ifEdkifjcif; (oauFw-wpf) udk tajccH wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ ¤if; 8-bits udk one byte vdkY owfrSwfygw,f/ One byte onf character wpfck jzpfygw,f/ txufyg bits rsm;uJhodkYyif pixel wpfckudk ta&mifwefzdk;ESpfckeJY wnfaqmufygw,f/ ¤if;onf teufa&mifeJY tjzLa&mifqdkygawmh/ ¤if;udk bit map wpfck vdkYvnf; oHk;ygw,f/ ta&mifawGtwGuf 2 bits for four colors, 4 bits for sixteen colors ponf udk,fpm;jyKxm;Muygw,f/

Byte

qdo k nfrmS -

'Byte' [laom pum;vHk;udk *smreDEdkifiHzGm; tar&duef uGefysLwm odyÜHynm&Sif Werner Buchholz u 1956 ckESpfwGif pwiftoHk;jyKcJhygonf/ ¤if;udk bit [laom pum;vHk;ESifh r½IyfaxG;ap&efjzpfí 'charachter' wpfvHk;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf/ ¤if;onf 'bits' tpkta0;rsm;jzpfNyD; 8-bits onf one byte [k tajccHtm;jzifh owfrSwfygonf/ ,cktcg uGefysLwm enf;ynmrsm;wGif 16-bits, 32-bits, 64-bits wdkYudk oHk;aeMujyDjzpfonf/ Byte udk wGuf&mwGif 'one kilobytes = 1,024 bytes, one megabytes = 1,048,576 ponf jzpfonf/ tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh 'one kilobytes = 1,000 bytes' [k ,lMuygonf/

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

213

2 megapixels

onf b,favmufjrifh

2 megapixels qdkaom pum;vHk;twGuf uRefawmf odyfjyD; oabmraygufao;yg/ twwfEdkifqHk; em;vnfatmif &Si;f jyay;apvdyk gw,f/ 2 megapixels trsKd;tpm;uifr&m\ yHkxGufrSm resolution 1,600 x 1,200 pixels = 1,920,000 pixels (2 million pixels) &dSaom yHkrsm;udk &ygr,f/ ¤if;onf 4_6 vufr t&G,fyHkrsm;udk t&nftaoG;jrifhpGmjzifh xkwfay;Edkifygw,f/ Resolution jrifhrm;av y&ifhxkwf ,l&mrSm t&nftaoG;aumif;avjzpfí 4 megapixels (4 million pixels) trsKd;tpm; uifr&m onf 8_10 vufrt&G,f yHkrsm;udk t&nftaoG; jrifhrm;pGmjzifh xkwfay;Edkifygw,f/ twd tusa&;&vQif 1 million pixels = 1,048,576 pixels jzpfygw,f/

Digital formats

rsm;

'pf*spfw,fyHkrsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;&ef odkYr[kwf tvkyfvkyfudkif&ef rnfonfh format rsm;udk oHk; wwfMuygovJ/ 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;rSm RAW odkYr[kwf NEF format rsm;udk oHk;Muw,fqdkayr,fh

214

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

tajccHtm;jzifh .JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) rsm;eJY yHrk sm;udk ½du k , f x l m;wm udk awGU&ygw,f/ ¤if;onf zdkift&G,ftpm;i,fMujyD; tjcm;aom format rsm;odkY tvG,fwul ajymif;Edkifygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk jyKjyif&ef odkYr[kwf y&ifhxkwf,l&ef tcsKdUu .TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) zdi k o f Ykd ajymif;xm;MujyD; uGeyf sLwmorm;trsm;pku .PSD (Photoshop) zdik t f aeeJY ajymif;vdu k Mf uygw,f/ ¤if;wdYk onf yHt k &nftaoG;udk avsmhusroGm;atmif xde;f Edik f w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'gayr,fh zdkift&G,ftpm;rsm; MuD;oGm;wwfjyD; vdktyfwJh yHkt&G,ftpm;udk h w k , f Ml uygw,f/ jzwfawmufjyD;vnf; jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ Resolution udk 300 eJY ajymif;jyD; y&ifx

okdavSmifuwfrsm; 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mrsm;rSm yHrk sm;udk ½du k u f ;l odr;f qnf;zd&Yk ef rnfonfh odak vSmifypön;f udk toH;k rsm;ygovJ/ 'pf*spfw,f odkavSmifuwfrsm; trsm;tjym; ay:xGufaeygjyD/ uifr&mrsm;rSm vuf&dS toHk;rsm;wm CompactFlash eJU SmartMedia card rsm; jzpfMuygw,f/ uwftm;vHk;\ aps;EIe;f ESihf aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf surf sm;onf ruGmvSyg/ odak vSmifEikd rf I pGr;f &nfom uGmjcm;Muygw,f/ tcsKdUwGif [mh'pf if ,fav;udk xnfo h iG ;f xm;ygw,f/ ¤if;trsKd;tpm;onf odak vSmifEikd rf pI rG ;f &nf rsm;ovdk aps;vnf;MuD;ygw,f/ tcsKdUwGif pD'D? 'DAD'Dcsyfrsm; (3.5 vufrt&G,f) xnfhEdkifjyD; qdkeDukrÜPD&JU memory stick, zl*sDeJY tdkvrfywfpf ukrÜPDwdkY&JU xD cards eJY SD (Secure Digital) card rsm;vnf; emrnf&aeygw,f/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap uifr&m r0,frD rnfonfhuwf trsKd;tpm;udk oHk;onfudk ar;oifhygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

215

uifr&mrsm;\ bufx&D 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mrsm;rSm bufx&D pGrf;tm;udk tvGeo f kH;w,fvYkd od&ygw,f/ [kwfygovm;/ [kwfygw,f/ ¤if; uifr&mrsm;wGif "mwfyHk½dkufjcif;? flash ac: tvif;xkwfay;jcif;? LCD jrifui G ;f udk jyay;aejcif;eJY rSeb f v D ;l udk armfwmpGr;f tifo;kH jyD; csed n f a§d y;jcif;ponfh vkyif ef; rsm;udk bufx&Dwpfcw k nf;u aqmif&u G af y;aejcif; jzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh LCD jrifuiG ;f u yg0goHk;rI trsm;qHk;vdkY qdkygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYwGif rechargeable batteries udk toHk;rsm;Muovdk AA qdu k f bufx&Drsm;udv k nf; xnfo h iG ;f oH;k Edik yf gw,f/ rnfoYkd yifjzpfap rvdt k yfbJ uifr&m udk zGifhxm;jcif;? LCD udk zGií hf tcsdeMf umjrifph mG Munfah ejcif;rsm;udk owdjyK a&Smifoifyh gw,f/ acwfrD 'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrsm;wGif uifr&mudk roHk;awmhonfESifh yg0gudk tvdktavsmuf ydwaf y;Muygw,f/ bufx&D&UJ pGr;f tiftaetxm;udv k nf; oauFwwpfcck ek YJ jyaejyD; pGr;f tif ukefcgeD;&if tcsufay;ygw,f/

okdavSmifuwfrsm;\ pGrf;&nf 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mrsm;&JU rSwÓ f Pf odak vSmifuwfrmS yHrk nfrQ 0ifqEhH ikd w f ,fqw kd m cefrY eS ;f vd&Yk yg ovm;/ cefYrSef;vdkY&ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 3 megapixels trsKd;tpm; 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrSm yHkwpfyHkudk JPEG setting, 0.8MB EIef;eJY ½dkufr,fqdk&if 128MB uwftwGuf yHkaygif; 160 cefY 0ifqHhEdkifygr,f/ yHkrsm;&JU resolution MuD;av yHk0ifqHhrI enf;avjzpfjyD; resolution enf; &if ykH0ifqhHrI rsm;ygr,f/ acwfrD uifr&mrsm;rSm resolution b,favmufudk oHk;&if yHkrnfrQ 0ifqHhrnfudk azmfjyay;wwfygw,f/ 216

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

pD'DeJYvnf; odrf;Ekdif 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;rSm ½dkuf,lxm;wJh yHkrsm;udk floppy diskette odrkY [kwf CD eJY odrf;wmrsK;d &dyS govm;/ f yk w f hJ ‘Mavica’ trsK;d tpm; ‘'pf*spw f ,fuifr&mrsm;rSm floppy &Syd gw,f/ Sony uxkwv disk odkYr[kwf CD eJY odrf;wmrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ ,cktcg floppy disk rsm;udk roHk;awmhí tqdkyg uifr&mrsm;vnf; acwfrpm;cJhyg/

AD'D,kd ½kdufzkdY&m 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mrsm;rSm MPEG ½dkuful;Edkifw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ b,fvdk xl;jcm;ygovJ/ 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mtrsm;pkrSm ½kyf&Sif rSwfwrf;twdkrsm;udk ½dkuful;Edkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh Camcorder eJY½dkuful;wJht&nftaoG;udk rrDyg/ aemufjyD; rSwfwrf;t&Snfrsm;udk r½dkufEdkifyg/ owfrSwfcsufrsm; &dSygw,f/ tcsKdU uifr&mrsm;wGif toH rygyg/ Sony Cyber-shot DSCW50 uJhodkY acwfrD uifr&mrsm;rSm MPEG movie VGA 640x480 (audio/video clips) rsm;udk ½dkuful;Edkifw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf capacity rsm;wJh memory card awmh vdkygvdrfhr,f/

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217

236

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

PageMaker

rSm tajz&Sm

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

237

PageMaker

pmrsufESmawG rjrif&vdkYyg

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Layer

awG xyfae&if tvkyf vkyf& tqifrajyyg

rSm pmom;rsm;eJY yHkawG a&mwJt h cg odrYk [kwf tvTmrsm;rsm; oH;k wJt h cgrsm;wGif atmuf a&mufaewJt h vTmudk armufpef YJ ,l&mrSm tqifrajyyg/ Ctrl uD;udk EdSyfxm;jyD; atmufa&mufaewJh tvTmudk armufpfeJY axmufjyD; ,lEdkifygw,f/ PageMaker

238

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PageMaker

rSm yHkxnfh&wm b,fvdkuGmygovJ

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

239

PageMaker

rSm vdkif;qGJzdkY&m

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240

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

Fonts

awG &dSvsufeJY aysmufaevdkYyg

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

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242

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279

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280

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

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Spyware

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305

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qdo k nfrSm

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307

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Spam

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uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

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313

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315

uGefysLwmrSm Restart u tvdkvdk jyefjzpfaeygw,f uReaf wmfh uGeyf sLwmr mS tvkyv f yk af epOf olY tvdk tavsmuf jyefjy;D Restart jzpfaeygw,f/ txl;ojzifh Internet Explorer udk oH;k aepOf ydjk y;D tjzpfrsm;ygw,f/ bmtrSm;rsm; vkyrf v d yYkd gvJ cifAsm;/ armif&ifh uGefysLwmrSm Adkif;&yfpf odkYr[kwf Worm vdkYac:wJh rSwfÓPfeJY [mh'f'pfxJu tcsuftvufawGudk tajymif;tvJ jzpfapwJh Akdif;&yfpfwpfrsdK; 0ifaew,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ tJ'D worm u tcsuftvufawGudk tvdktavsmuf aumfyDul;jyD; uGefysLwm vkyfief;pOfawGudk 'ku©ay;wwfygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk bacterium,internet worm, trojan horse ponf ac:Muyg w,f/ Blaster worm odkYr[kwfSasser worm trsdK;tpm;awGuvnf; uGefysLwmpepfudk tvdktavsmuf jyefarmif;wwfygw,f/ ¤if;jyóemudk ajz&Si;f zdYk &m tifwmeufukd 0ifjyD; tcrJah y;aewJh Adik ;f &yfpaf jz&Si;f wJh aqmhz0f J av;rsm;udk &SmMunhfapvdkygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh http://free.grisoft.com rSm AVG qdkwJh aqmhzf0JrsdK;udk ay;wwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk worm rsdK;&dSae&if tifwmeufuae armif&ifhudk ulnDcsif vdkYygqdkNyD; Adkif;&yfpf ppfaq;ay;wJh aqmhzf0Jav;rsm; tvdktavsmuf ay:vmwwfygw,f/ tcrJhqdkayr,fh ]]Adkif;&yfpfudkawmh awGUxm;ygjyD/ qufvufajz&Sif;zdkY&m a':vm b,favmufydkY vdkufyg}}qdkwJh yHkpHrsdK;vnf; MuHK&rSmyg/ aemuf http://windowsupdate. microsoft.com u ae 0if;'d;k pfpepf tqifjh r§iv hf yk if ef;awGuv kd nf; awmif;Munhyf g/ 'DvAkd ikd ;f &yfpaf Mumifh r[kwb f ;l vdYk xif&if ypönf;ydkif;udkppfMunfh&atmif/ Power supply unit eJY motherboard rSm csdKU,Gif;csuf &dSae&ifvnf; jzpfwwfygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh error message rjybJ jzpfaew,fxifyg w,f/ txl;ojzifh power supply u 3 ESpfavmufMumvm&if 'ku©ay;wwfygw,f/

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329

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330

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331

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Driving around your desktop Use this shortcut F3 Select the file/folder, click F2, Select the file, right-click, and then click Properties Ctrl + Esc Drag the file/folder icon Alt + Tab, then hold down Alt

To ..... Search for a file folder Rename a file and then re-type the name folder Find out when the file or folder was created, by whom, and how big it is Display the Start menu Create a shortcut to your desktop on your desktop to your favorite fiel/folder Scroll between while clicking Tab to reach the open itmes desired file or program

Shortcut keys Helpful keyboard shortcuts for Windows XP Press the Windows logo key Press the Windows logo key + L Press the Windows logo key + E Press the Windows logo key + M Press the Windows logo key + F Press the Windows logo key + F1

Keyboard tips to open the Startmenu. to quickly switch betwen users. to explore My Computer. to minimize all open windows. to open the Search window. to open Help.

Working with Word Use this shortcut To .... Shift+Right, Left, Up or Down Arrow Select text to highlight text Ctrl + C Copy selected text Ctrl + X Cut selected text Ctrl + V Paste selected text Ctrl + Z Undo your last action Ctrl + A Selected all the text Ctrl + B Bold text Ctrl + I Italicize text Ctrl + U Underline Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease font size Ctrl + Shift + > Increase font size Ctrl + Shift + F Change font (then use the arrow keys to reach the new font) Ctrl + Shift + P Change font size (then use the arrow keys to reach the new font size) Ctrl + Enter Create page break Ctrl + N Create new document

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Ctrl + O Ctrl + W Ctrl + S Ctrl + P Clt + Ctrl + I

Open My documents window Close a document Save a document Print a document Preview what you're about to print

Accelerating Excel Use this shortcut Tab Enter Backspace Home Ctrl + ; (semicolon) Ctrl + Shift + : (colon) = (equal sign) F7 ALT + ' (apostrophe) Ctrl + 1 Ctrl +Shift + ~ Ctrl + Shift +$ Ctrl + Shift +% Ctrl + Shift +&

Windows OS

To ..... Move right to left, cell by cell Move up and down, cell by cell Erase data in current cell Return to the beginning of the row Enter the data Enter the time Start a formula Check the spelling of titles or words within the cells Find out about the style within the cell Display the Format Cells dialog box Apply the general number format Turn numbers into dollars Make numbers a percentage Apply a border

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Word

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Access

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460

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Axialls AX-Icons

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2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

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WINDOWS XP udk wifMu&atmif uGefysLwmwpfvHk; 0,fpOfuyif Windows XP odkYr[kwf 0if;'dk;pfpepf wpfckckyg&dSjyD; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif uGefysLwmrsm;udk oHk;vQif oHk;onfhtavsmuf trSm;rsm; awGUvm&onf/ Adkif;&yfpfrsm;udk rumuG,fEdkif/ wpfa,mufa,mufu em;rvnfí pepfzdkifrsm;udk zsufrdonf ponfjzifh tqdyk g 0if;'d;k pfpepfonf tenf;i,f ysufvm&mrS zGirhf &awmhavmufatmif jzpfvm onf/ uGefysLwmqdkifrsm;? service rsm; &dSonfh jrdKUMuD;rsm;wGif ¤if;tcuftcJudk vG,fulpGm ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; e,fjrdKUrsm;&dS uGefysLwmorm;rsm;twGuf tqifrajyawmhyg/ odkYjzpfí rdrdudk,fwdkif [mh'pfudk format csum Windows pepfudk topf jyefwif&ygvdrfhrnf/ vdt k yfaom ypön;f rsm; - Windows XP CD-ROM - VGA, Sound, Network card driver, printer driver, scanner driver ponf uGeyf sLwmESihf wGJzufoHk;aeaom ypönf;tm;vHk;\ driver CD rsm; - tD;ar;vf&dSygu oufqdkif&m address, password ponf tcsuftvufrsm; - Microsoft Office CD, PageMaker CD, Photoshop CD, Nero burning ROM ponf rdrd toHk;jyKaeaom aqmhzf0Jrsm;\ CD csyfrsm;ESifh ¤if;pD'Dcsyfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh serial number, product keys rsm; - rdrd uGeyf sLwmonf rnfonfh driver trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk oH;k xm;onfukd rSwo f m;xm;onfh pm&if; odkYr[kwf manual pm&Gufrsm; rSwcf suf uGefysLwmxJ&dS udk,fydkifzdkifrsm;? yHkrsm;? ta&;MuD;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk [mh'f'pf partition D: xJoYkd ajymif;yg/ odYk r[kwf pD'c D syrf sm;? external hard drive rsm;wGif ul;,lxm;yg/ tjcm; rSwo f m;vdo k nfrsm;udk ul;,l rSwo f m;yg/ owdjyK&efrmS [mh''f pfukd format csvu kd yf gu zdkiftcsuftvuf tm;vHk; (tm;vHk;) vHk;0 aysmufukefygvdrfhrnf/ aqmif&u G &f ef vkyif ef;pOf - [mh'f'pftm; format cs&ef vdktyfygu uGefysLwmwGif PartitionMagic udk toHk;jyKEdkif onf/ PartitionMagic jzifh format cs&ef trdefYay;jyD;onfESifh Windows XP pD'Dcsyfudk drive wGif xnfhxm;ay;yg/ - Windows installation vkyfief;pOfwGifvnf; format jyKvkyfonfh enf;vrf; yg&dSjyD;jzpfí ¤if;udk oHk;Edkifygonf/

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469

Installation vkyif ef;pOf pwifjcif; 1/ Windows XP CD-ROM udk CD drive wGif xnfx h m;jyD; uGeyf sLwmudk restart jyKvyk yf g/

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