Community Policing Essay

Onthematterofcommunitypolicing,Ibelievethatthepoliceforceplaysabigrole.Thisisbased onimplementingthevariousstrategiesgearedtowardsachievinganeffectivecommunitypolicing. Takingacloserlookatcrime,itiswidelyevidentthatcrimecasesinanygivensocietycannotbe solvedbyanysingleindividualalone.Thiscallsforaidinordertocurbthevice.Nottomentionthe complexityofcrime,thepoliceshouldnobeleftalonetodealwiththematter.Thecommunityand policethusneedtoworktogethertodealwithcriminalactivities.Thiswillnecessitatesplittingof thecrimematterintosmallerareasthatareeasytomanage.Thepoliceofficersarethensettowork intheseareasThepolicethereforeworkshowmorecontent

Themethodologytobeadoptedincommunitypolicingmaybehighlightedas:creationofcrime curbingprojects,increasednumberofpolicetothecommunitythroughcreationofnearbypolice stationsorusingfootpatrols,establishmentofcommunity–policecommittees,initializationof programsthatassistcrimevictims,andusingthecommunitytogetfeedbackoncrimerate preventionandsatisfaction.Themovementfromtheformersystemsofpolicingtocommunity policingsystemcallsformajorchanges.Thesechangesmaybeintermsofgoals,aims,policiesand activitiesofpoliceunits,aswellasthegeneralimageportrayedbypoliceforce.Consequently,this movementbearsaneminentamountofdisagreementsaswellasresistancewithinthepoliceforce Thepoliceofficersandtheirmanagersarethemajorpartiesinvolvedinthematterofresistance.The managersfearlossofpowerandauthoritytocontroltheirofficerswhentheybecomecommunity police,ontheotherhandthepoliceofficerdonotwelcomethenewroleofsolvingcommunity problems(Rohe,AdamsandArcury,2001).Thisisbecausetheyareusedtothenormalroleof enforcinglawsTheimplementationprocessthereforedemandstrainingofpoliceofficersontheir newroles.Stakeholdersinanyprojectarethepersonswithmajorinterestonthesameproject.In communitypolicing,thekeystakeholdersarethecommunitymembers

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CommunityPolicingApproach

PolicedepartmentsuseCommunityPolicingapproachbecauseitenablespoliceofficerstoengagein problemsolving.Incommunitypolicing,thepoliceandthecommunityworktogethertoidentify issues,addresstheunderlyingcauses,tochoosetherightsolutionstotheissues,thenevaluateits effectiveness(Ortmeier,2006).Unliketraditionalpolicingwhichisreactiveandincident–driven, communitypolicingfocusonproblemsolvinginaddressingdisorder

Throughouttheyears,communitypolicinghasevolvedandcreatedanewdimensioncalled IntelligenceLedPolicing.EversinceU.S.hasshifteditsfocusoncounterterrorism,therewere concernshowcounterterrorismwillbeintegratedwithcommunitypolicingAcloseworking relationshipbetweenthepoliceandthecommunitywasperhapsthesolutionbecauseagood relationshipshowmorecontent

Bothcommunitypolicingandintelligenceledpolicingrelyoninformationmanagement,two–way communicationwiththepublic,scientificdataanalysis,andproblemsolving(Carter,2004). However,ILPoperatesinadifferentmannerusingintelligenceanalysisthroughtheintelligence process.ILPalsogathersscientificdataforthreatmanagementaswellasproblem–solveto reconcilefactorsthataresignstopotentialtargetsandtraffickingofillegalproducts(Carter,2004).

ILPhavebeenproventobeeffectiveineitherreducingorpreventingcrime.ILPenableslaw enforcementagenciestogatherrawinformationandtransformitintousefulintelligencetoprevent orreducecrimesThisshowedinthe2008reportofBureauofJusticeAssistancereportentitled "ReducingCrimeThroughIntelligence–LedPolicing".Inthereport,therewereabouttenpolice departments;eachhadtheirownproblems.ThesedepartmentsusedILPinordertoimproveand addresstheirproblemsTwodepartmentswillbediscussed

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ThisdissertationwillexaminetheCommunity–OrientedPolicingModelanddetermineifitisor isn'tproventobeaneffectivewayofpolicing.Crimehasbeenamajorproblemandconcernforlaw enforcementasearlyasthe1900's.Citizenshadbecomefedupwithsuchhighcrimeratesandorder maintenanceissues,andfeltsomethingneededtobedonetopreventcrimeandrestoreorder.There areseveralpolicingstrategiesthathavebeenimplementedfromthetraditionalmodelofpolicingto theCommunity–OrientedPolicingModelinhowPoliceOfficersdetercrimeandhowtheywork withcommunityleadersinordertodetercrime,restoreorderandmakeneighborhoodsasaferplace toliveThispaperwilldiscusssomeoftheoutcomesandtheshowmorecontent

TheCOPmodelbringspoliceofficersandneighborhoodcitizenstogetherasateamtopreventcrime andsolvingproblems,emphasizingthepreventionofcrimeratherthanthetraditionalpolicing methodofrespondingtocrimeafterithappens(www.emich.edu).Traditionalpolicingisareactive strategythatwasusedtopreventcrimefromtheearly1800stotheearly1980s.Officerswould patrolthestreets,beats,orjurisdictiontorespondtoordermaintenanceissues,preventdomestic disputes,preventcrimesinprogressandapprehendcriminals.PreventivePatrolhasbeenthe backboneofpoliceoperationsandremainstoday'sdominantoperationalpolicingstrategy (Schmalleger,p.234).Onpatrol,apoliceofficermakesregularcircuitsorpassesthroughaspecific areacalledabeat.Theymaypatrolbyfoot,horses,bicycles,motorcycles,bicycleorevencruisethe neighborhoodsintheirpolicecarsThemainadvantageofcarpatrolversusfootpatrolisthatit increasedefficiencyofcoverageandthedisadvantageisthatitreducedcontactwiththecitizens. Studiesonfootpatrolindicatedthatthesepatrolsarecostlyanddidnotreducecrime.Inthe1970s, citizensbecamefedupwithsuchhighcrimeratesandfeltitwassenselessfor

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Communitypolicingisapolicyandastrategyaimedatachievingmoreeffectiveandefficientcrime control,reducedfearofcrime,improvedqualityoflife,improvedpoliceservicesandpolice legitimacy,throughaproactiverelianceoncommunityresourcesthatseekstochangecrimecausing conditions.Thisassumesaneedforgreateraccountabilityofpolice,greaterpublicsharein decision–makingandgreaterconcernforcivilrightsandlibertiesThekeycharacteristicsof communitypolicingareasfollows:Policeofficersareusuallycalledupontobeparticularly thoughtful,creativeproblemsolvers.Theyareaskedtolistentotheconcernsofcommunity members,tologicallyreasonouttherootsofproblems,toidentifyandshowmorecontent Theyalso,ofcourse,respondtodispatchcallsofcrimesinprogress.Crimepreventionisachieved throughmerepolicepresence.Negativeinteractionbetweenthecommunityandpoliceisgenerally thenorm.Incommunitiespolicing,ontheotherhand,policeofficersaretypicallyassignedto specificgeographicareasintheirjurisdictionandestablishtieswiththevariouscommunitygroups. Thesegroupsmayincludeministerial(church)associations,neighborhoodassociations,youth groups,etc.Theideaisthatwhenpoliceareinvolvedwiththecommunitytheyarenotviewedas outsiderswhoaretheresimplytoenforcethelaw.Crimepreventionisachievedthroughpositive interactionwithpoliceandthecommunity.Thegoalsofcommunitypolicingaretoreducecrime anddisorder,promotecitizens'qualityoflifeincommunities,reducefearofcrime,andimprove police–citizenrelationsThesegoalsareachievedthroughthreeessentialefforts:community engagement,problemsolving,andorganizationaltransformation.Inotherwords,thepolicearethe publicandthepublicarethepolice.Thecommunitypolicingmodelhasbeentranslatedintoa numberofpolicyinitiativesIncommunitypolicingtherearemanyinitiativeandorprogramsthat havebeendevelopedtocombatyouthcrimesuchasYouthFirearmsViolenceInitiative(YFVI) whichisrunningin10

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Assignment#2.

Descriptionofcommunitypolicingasyouwoulddefineit.Then,explainthefunctionalityof communitypolicingbasedonyourdefinition.Finally,explainhowyourdefinitionofcommunity policingaidsinorganizationalimprovement.Iwoulddefinecommunitypolicingasaphilosophy thatprovidestoolsforbothlawenforcementandtheresidentstoworktogetherforthegreatergood Iknowthatonpaperthetheorymakesperfectsense.Officersgointotheurbanareas,mainly neighborhoodsthatstrugglewithsocio–economicissues.However,thedeploymentoftheseofficers needstobespecificandintentionalBythisImeanthatasCommunityOfficer,Iknowthatthe positionisnotforeveryone.WhenIwaspromotedtomycurrentpositionmysupervisorscouldnot definemyduties.Alltheytoldmewastogooutandbridgethegapbetweencommunityandthe sheriff'soffice.Myfirstfewweeks,Itoldmyself,"OnemoredayliketodayandIwillasktobe transferredbacktopatrol."Thecommunitywasnotverywelcomingtomynewfaceormy...show morecontent

Frommydefinitionofcommunitypolicingthefirstrequirementistohonestlylearnwhoyouare servingandwhattheirtrueneedsare.Iknowthattherearemanywithgoodintentionsbuttheroad tohellispavedwithgoodintensions.Officersneedtowalkthebeat,andmeettheresidents.Once youknowthepeopleandtheyseeyoutheywillstarttotrustyou.Trustisapreviouscommodityin communitypolicingandkeepingitisaneverydaystruggleAsImentionedbeforetherearegood heartedpeoplethathavefailedtothesevillagersbypromisingunrealisticandunobtainablelies.I sayvillageandImeanitbasedonthefactthatcommunityofficersshouldbecomepartofthe villageTheyshouldbeaccountablefortheirportionofpromotingrespect,self–sufficiency, integrityandaccountabilityby

Therearethreemaincomponentsassociatedwithcommunitypolicing:communitypartnerships, problemsolving,andchangemanagement.InagreementwithBohm&Haley(2012),with "communitypolicing",societyshareadutyregardingtheirsecurityandwell–beingoftheir community.

AccordingtoBohm&Haley(2012)oncommunitypartnerships,thepoliceturnintoan indispensablepartofthecommunitysociety,andthecitizensofthecommunity,thus,helpsthe policecharacterizefuturewrongdoinganticipationsystemsandallotsecuritycontrolforthepeople. Policeseeaneedtogooutinthecommunitytoformmeetingswiththecitizenstohelpthem strategizesafetymethodsfortheirprotection.

Theproblemsolvingprocessisalwaysamainconcern

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PolicingPaper

AJS/502–SurveyofJusticeandSecurity

November28,2011

OneofthemosteffectivepolicingstrategiesusedinlawenforcementiscommunitypolicingTwo expertsinthisstrategyareRobertTrojanowiczandBonnieBucqueroux.Theyhavedoneresearch andwrotemanyarticlesonthetopic.TrojanowiczworkedforMichiganStateUniversityandhas recentlypassedaway.Bucquerouxwasavictimofdomesticviolenceandhasaddedideasinthis areaforcommunitypolicing.Overtheyearscommunitypolicinghasbecomeaneffectivemethod usedbylawenforcementtobetterservetheircommunitiesTheconceptistodevelopapartnership betweenthepoliceandthe...showmorecontent...

Incommunitypolicingtheofficerwouldaskwhythepersonisspeeding.Theperson'sresponsewill bethedecidingfactor.Iftheyarespeedingbecausetheirspousehasjustbeenrushedtothehospital theymaynotgettheticket.Ofcoursetheyneedtobeontracktobegoingtothehospital. Communitypolicingisaneffectivestrategyoflawenforcementcanusetocreateapositiveimage withinthecommunity.ProgramssuchasD.A.R.Ehelpthecommunityseeofficersasmorethanjust peoplebeingpaidtoarrestpeople.Itshowstheyarepartofthecommunityalso.Lawenforcement andcommunitiesneedtoworktogethertocreatesafeandpositivelivingenvironmentsforchildren andadults.PeoplelikeRobertTrojanowiczandBonnieBucquerouxhavebeenproponentsofthis model.Communitieswhichhaveincorporatedthisstrategyhaveshownimprovementincommunity andpolicecooperationandcuttingdownonminor

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CommunitypolicingwasfirstrecognizedaftertheViolentCrimeControlandLawEnforcementact of1991whichauthorized100,000communitypolicingofficers.Communitypolicingisdefinedasa philosophythatempowersthecommunityinthesolutionoftheproblemratherthanthedictationof thesolutionbylawenforcement.Itisalsoseenasabeliefthatbyworkingtogether,peopleand policewillbeabletoimprovethequalityoflifeinthecommunityThepolicelivinginthe communitywillseethemselvesasapartofthecommunityinsteadofthewatchdogforthat community.Communitypolicingconsistsoftwoprimarycomponents;thefirstbeingcommunity partnerships,whichinvolvesengagementbythepolicewiththecommunitytoresolvecommunity problemscooperatively.Thesecondbeingproblemsolving,whichisanattempttodealwiththe conditionsthatcausecrimeandnegativelyaffectthequalityoflifeinthecommunity.Thecore conceptsofcommunitypolicingare:Boardpolicefunctionsandcommunityfocus,Community input,Concernforthepeople,developingtrust,Sharingpower,...showmorecontent... Andindoingso,theitmakesthejobofthepolicemucheasierforobtaininginfoonsuspectsand gettingwrittenwitnessaccountsforanycrimethathasbeencommitted.Italsohelpsthecommunity membershavealowerperceptionofcrimeintheircommunity.Havingalowerperceptionofcrime inmostcasesisbetterthanhavingactuallowercrimerate.Thecommunitywithalowerperception ofcrimewillhavelessfearofcrimethanacommunitywithlowercrimerates,whichisusually thanksthecommunitypolicingandthepolicebeingseenoutwiththepublicandnotjustaface insideofacar.Whencommunitypolicingisdonecorrectly,thecommunityitselfwilleventually takeoverandtakecareoftheirowncommunitywiththepoliceofficershelpandnottheotherway

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Communitypolicinghasemergedsincethe1970sasanincreasinglyimportantstrategyfor controllingandpreventingcrimeandenhancingcommunitysafety.Itisbothaphilosophyandan organizationalstrategythatallowsthepoliceandthecommunitytoworkcloselytogetherincreative waystosolvetheproblemsofcrime,drugs,fearofcrime,physicalandsocialdisorder, neighborhooddecay,andtheoverallqualityoflifeinthecommunityCommunitypolicingis difficulttodefine.Althoughitdoesnothaveasingledefinition,therearemanyelementsof communitypolicing.

Championstatesthereareseveraldefinitionstodefinecommunitypolicing.

1."[Communitypolicingis]whenevercitizensandpolice...band...togethertofightshowmore content

CommunitypolicinginAmericacanbetracedfromthecolonialtimestothe1900s.American policingactivitiestranspiredinearlyEnglandatoraboutthetimeoftheNormanConquestin1066 Chancellorswereusedtosettledisputesbetweenneighbors,suchaspropertyboundaryissues, trespassallegations,andchildmisconduct."Anearlyequivalentofthechancellor,withsimilar dutiesandresponsibilities,wasthejusticeofthepeace,datingtoaboutA.D.1200.Togetherwith thechancellorsorjusticesofthepeace,reeves(nowmorecommonlyknowasasheriff)maintained orderintheirrespectivejurisdictions(Champion22)England'suseofpolicingbecamewellknown ManyotherregionssoonadoptedEngland'sstandards.AmericancolonistcontinuedtheEnglish systemoflawenforcementandthestudyoflaw.Inadditiontoreeves,constableswereusedfor maintaininglawandorderincolonialcommunitiesThedutiesofconstablesincludedcollectingfees forhighwayusage,collectingtaxes,andpresidingoverminorlegalissues.Thepositionofthe sheriffwascreatedandtheybecametheprincipallawenforcementofficersinthevariouscounties throughoutthecolonies.Earlypolicingwascharacterizedasurbanpolicemenwalkingbeatsand interactingdailywithmerchantsandothermembersofthe

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Communitypolicingcomplementsthetraditionalpolicingasaninitiativetoenhancecommunity partnershipstoreducecrimeandthefearofcrime.Thephilosophyofcommunitypolicingisreliant onencouraginghealthyrelationshipsbetweenofficersandtheircommunitytogettotherootof crimeinsteadoftreatingthesymptomsasfoundedintraditionalpolicingmethods.Traditional policingmethodsarebasedmoreonrapidresponse,patrol,andinvestigationprocedures,butthese processesarelackingindealingwiththeunderlyingissuesaffectingcommunities(Ortmeier& Meese,2010,p.227).

Therefore,thecommunitypolicingandproblem–solvingphilosophyisnotnecessarilyfocusedon replacingtraditionalpolicingmethodsasitisonenhancing

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CJ220CriminalJusticeandtheCommunity

Communitypolicingisexplainedasacollaborationofcommunityandthepoliceworkingtogether tohelpidentifyandsolvecriminalactivities.Additionally,thewholeconceptbehinditistopromote publicsafetyandtoenhancethequalityoflifewithintheneighborhoodsinwhichweresidein Communitypolicingiscomposedoftwomajorcomponentswhicharecommunitypartnershipand problemsolving.Communitypolicingisaprogramthatwasinitiallystartedinthe1940's.Allofthe supportthatwasreleasedforthisprogramwasmaterializedactuallyinthe1980'sOneofthemain goalsifnotthemostimportantgoalwastobringinthelawenforcementclosertotheirlocalpublic tohelpshowmorecontent

Communityjusticebroadlyreferstodifferentaspectsofcrimepreventionandjusticeactivitiesthat includethequalityoflifeasagoalforthecommunity.Recentinitiativesincludecommunitycrime prevention,communitypolicing,communitydefense,communityprosecution,communitycourts, andrestorativejusticesanctioningsystems.Communityjusticeprioritizesdifferenttypesof offenderstodeterminethesanctioningforthevictimsandtoensuretheoffenderisreadytoenter backintotheircommunityingoodstandingwithnoproblems.Inotherwords,theydonotwant thembackinthecommunityiftheyfeeltheyhavenotlearnedtheirlessonorhavebeen rehabilitatedCommunityjustice'smainfocusistopromotepublicsafetyandlikeIhadsaidearlier toensurethatthequalityoflifeofthecommunityisingoodstanding.Communityjusticeincludes differentwaysofinterpretinginformationaboutpolice,courts,andcorrectionsthathighlights problem–solvingtechniquesThereisastrategybehindcommunityjusticesuchasincluding restorativejusticepracticesandprocesses.Theyalsoincludebothadultandjuvenileoffendersto createasafercommunityratherthandoingthingsfortheoffendersoractuallytothem.Community justicewantstopreventvictimizationtohelpestablishpublicsafety.Italsoplacesahighpriorityon thewants,

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CommunityPolicing

Whatiscommunitypolicing?AccordingtoTheCommitteeonLawandJustice,Community policing(problem–orientedpolicing,neighborhood–orientedpolicingorcommunity–oriented policing)isapolicingstrategyandphilosophybasedonthenotionthatcommunityinteractionand supportcanhelpcontrolcrime,withcommunitymembershelpingtoidentifysuspects,detain vandalsandbringproblemstotheattentionofpolice.Oneofthemosteffectivemeansofinvolving thecommunityinexploringcreativewaystoenhancepublicsafetyistoprovidethemaCommunity PolicingOfficer,whoactsasaproblemsolvertootherpublicandprivateagenciesthatcanhelp. Thehistoryofmodernlawenforcementbegan166yearsagoshowmorecontent

Thiscasestudyalsodocumentsthefirstorganizedbattletothebasicconceptsofcommunity policing.Inthe1970'sanewtypeofpolicingcameaboutcalled"teampolicing"Therewere numerousreasonswhythistypeofpolicingfailedincluding:socialclimate,morepatrolcarsand lessfootpatrol,contradictionofthebasicbeliefsofprofessionalism,andisolationfromthe community,whichmakescrimecontrolmoredifficult.Liketeampolicing,communitypolicingis rootedinthebeliefthatthetraditionalofficeronthebeatwillbringthepoliceandthecommunity closer.Insteadofjustrespondingtocallsandarrestingcriminals,communitypolicingofficers woulddevoteagreatdealoftimetoperformingsocialworksandworkingindependentlyand creativelyonsolutionstotheproblemsontheirbeats.

Anotherquestionthatpopsintomindaboutcommunitypolicingmightbehowdoescommunity policingwork?AfocusofCommunityPolicingisproblem–solvingPolicewillstillrespondto emergencies.Ontheotherhand,manycallstothepolicearenotpolice–related.Theyaremore effectivelyhandledbyotheragencies.Astheamountofthesenon–emergencycallslessen,officers canspendmoretimeworkingwithcitizenstosolvecrimeandchaosproblems,withbetter communicationamongpoliceandthecitizens,officerscanbetteruseandsharecrimeinformation withthepublic,residentscantiepeoplewithotherpublicandprivateagenciesthatcan ...Getmorecontent...

COMMUNITYPOLICING2

Communitypolicingiswhenlawenforcementtriestoworkwithcommunitymemberstobuildties forthepurposeofimprovingrelationsandreducingcriminalactivityThereareadvantagesand disadvantagesofcommunitypolicing.Thefirstadvantageisthedirectcontactthatexistsbetween policeandcommunitymembers.Itisawell–knownfactthatthepolicearemoreeffectivewhenthey havethetrustandsupportofthecommunitywhichtheyaretryingtoprotectIfcommunity membersfeelcomfortableintalkingtopolice,thentheyaremorelikelytoprovideuseful informationforfightingcrime(Strehlow,2017).

Anotheradvantageofcommunitypolicingisthefocusoncrimepreventionratherthanondealing withtheeffectsofcrimeafterithasalreadyoccurred.Thepoliceandcommunityrepresentativestry touseproblemsolvingtechniquestofigureourpotentialareasofconcernbeforeproblemsarise (Strehlow,2017).

Adisadvantageofcommunitypolicingisthelackofunderstandingthatexistsbetweenthepolice andcommunitymembersThepolicecomplainthatthepublicdoesnotunderstandtherolesand limitationsoflawenforcement.Whenindividualshavehadnegativeencounterswiththepolice,then theybecomemistrustfulandunwillingtocooperatewithcrimefightingeffortsWhenthejudicial systemdoesnotenforcestrictpunishmentguidelines,

ProblemStatement:Thereisadisconnectbetweenthepoliceforceandthecommunitythatleadsto misunderstandingsandfeelingsofunrest(Schedler,2006).Theoverallsafetyofasocietyisatrisk ifmembersofthepublicdonotfeelsafetocallforhelpwhenneeded(Rolandsson,2015).Providing communicationalresourceswillpromotebettercommunityrelationshipswithmunicipal governments(Stewart,2015)

ResearchQuestions:Whatcanthemunicipalgovernmentdotoprovidetheresourcesnecessaryto improveoverallcommunityfeelingofsafety?Whatresourcescanbeprovidedtoimprove communicationandunderstandingbetweenthecommunityandthepoliceforce?What improvementstothecurrentpolicingsystemshouldtakeplace...showmorecontent...

Inthecurrentenvironment,thereisaheightenedlevelofsocialunrestthatperpetuatesadistrustof thepoliceforce.Activistmembersofthepublicseekbetterrelationsbetweenthepublicandthe police,inordertoimprovetheiroverallqualityoflife.(Stewart,2015).Openedcommunication betweenthepublicandthepolicehasbeenimplementedinordertohopefullycreateabetter relationshipthroughunderstanding.Thisopencommunicationcanbeprovidedinamultitudeof ways,includingadvancementsintechnologies,incommunityconnectionsandtheretrainingand restructuringofthecurrentpolicingstructures.Advancesininformationandcommunication technology(ICT)aresignificantlyinfluencingthewayinwhichorganizationsconducttheir businessesandoverallcompetitiveness(Hughes&Love,2004)Suchstudiesonthelatest technologyanditseffectsonthecurrentsituationwillprovidethenewestperspectiveonhowtobest usethesetechnologiestoouradvantage.An"electroniccommons"inwhichresidentsandpolice departmentpersonnelcanworktogether,viaonlinediscussiongroups,toaddresscrimeandsafety issuesisoneofthenewtechnologyresourcesbeingincorporated(Brainard&Derrick–Mills, ...Getmorecontent...

CommunitypolicingisanareathatIamextremelypassionateaboutduetofirst–handexperiences encounteredovertheyears.Earningthecommunity'strustandbuildingrelationshipshelpsto facilitaterelationshipstoreducecrimeonthestreets.Allowsthecommunitytoseepoliceofficers arepeopleandcommunitymembers,justlikethem.Policeofficersjustareupholdingtheletterof thelaw,providingincreasedsafetyforthecommunityatlargeEducatingthecommunityonhowto preventcrimesinhopestheydonotbecomeavictim.Encouragingindividualsinthecommunityto helpstopthecycleofviolenceandshowingthemawaytochoseadifferentavenueforthemselves. Workingwithinner–cityyouth,providingprogramsforthem, ...Getmorecontent...

CommunityBasedPolicing

Therehasalwaysbeenalove–haterelationshipbetweenthepublicandthepolice.Whencalledupon tohelp,theycanbesomethingsentfromGod,butwhentheyarewritingtickets,ortakingafriendto jail,theviewchangesfromasaviortoapresencethatisunwantedandoftenhatedAneffortto improvethepublicviewoflawenforcementisbeingattemptedbymanydepartments.Using differentstylesofpolicingtechniques,mainlycommunitybasedpolicing,hasprovedtobethebest waytoimprovetheimageoflawenforcement

Communitybasedpolicingcanbestbedefinedas,'acollaborativeeffortbetweenthepoliceandthe communitythatidentifiesproblemsofcrimeanddisorderandinvolvesshowmorecontent Theideabehindthisistoshowthepublicthatthepolicearenotsomeonetofear,butmoresomeone whocanhelp

Therearetwomainbenefitsofcommunitybasedpolicing.Thefirstistheimprovedimageoflaw enforcement.Byhavingamoreactivepartinthecommunity,lawenforcementchangesitselffrom beingtheenforcer,tobeingthepreventer.Thisisashiftintheviewofthepublicthatmakelife easierfortheofficer,andsaferforthecommunityThesecondbenefitofcommunitybasedpolicing, isthesafercommunitythatitcreates.Withinvolvementfromboththepoliceandthepublic,crime incommunitiescanbegreatlyreduced.

Communitybasedpolicingrequiresthepublicsupportinordertosucceed.Throughmeetings betweencommunitiesandthepolice,areasofcrimeorconcerncanbeaddressandsomesortof actiontaken,?Communitypolicingattemptstoactivelyinvolvethecommunitywiththepolicein thetaskofcrimecontrolbycreatinganeffectiveworkingpartnershipbetweenthecommunityand thepolice?(Sparrow)Withoutpublicsupport,communitybasedpolicingwouldfailThiswould leadthefearofcrimeincommunities,andthehatredofthepolice.Essentiallyitwouldbeastep backwardsintime.

?Policedepartmentsthroughoutthecountrycontinuetojointhecommunitypolicingbandwagon? (Schmalleger)Almostalldepartmentsaremakingsomesortofattemptwithcommunitybased policing.Thebiggest

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Communitypolicingisconsideredtobeoneanswerofhowtomaintainsocialarea.Itisconsidered ascollaborationbetweenthepoliceandthecommunityinwhichitseekstoidentifyandsolve communityproblems.Communitypolicinghasamissiontoenhancethequalityofpoliceservices. Communitypolicinghasevolvedovertheyearsencounteringseveralbenefitsaswellascriticism, developinginitiativesandahostofprogramsCommunitypolicingfocusesoncrimeandsocial disorderthroughthedeliveryofpoliceservicesthatincludes:traitsoftraditionallawenforcement, aswellasproblemsolving,prevention,partnerships,andcommunityengagement."Thus,inthe past,thepoliceequatedcrimepreventionandpoliceeffectivenesswithshowmorecontent Decentralizationofauthorityandresponsibilitytheapproachturningtheorganizationupsidedown andproducingislevelingofdecisions.Empoweredpartnershipsincludingthecommunity, government,andpolicewiththecommunitymembers,communitypoliceofficers,and representativesfromvarioussocialagenciesallsharethepredefinedandlimitedauthoritybeing communitymembers"Membersalsodiscussfeelingsandperceptionsoflocalcrimeproblemsand developsolutionstodealwiththem"(Rosenbaum,1987).Problemsolvingorientationempowered partnershipfocusonresolvingcommunityproblemsthatcouldleadtocrime.Discoveringa problem,fixingtheproblem,alsoevaluatingthesolutionafteritisimplemented.Problemsolving strategycanstandalonewithoutcommunitypolice,butcommunitypolicingcannotsurvivewithout aproblemsolvingelementAproactivestancemeaningthattheorganizationmovesfromreactive policestrategythataproactiveinitiativerequiringapartnershiprelevantpublicagenciesandthe

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Manycountrieshaveexperiencedauthoritariangovernmentswherethelawenforcementofficers usedtheirpositiontointimidatethecitizensandrulecountry.Lawenforcementofficersmaingoalis toprotectandservethecountryinwhichtheylivein.Doescommunitypolicingtransforma community?Communitypolicingisonemethodlawenforcementusestoencourages communicatingamongpoliceofficersandthepublicThepartnershipbetweenpoliceofficersand thecitizenshelplawenforcementagenciesquicklyfindresolutionstoproblemsthecommunity facesthroughpublictrust."Communitypolicingpromotesmutualtrustandcooperationbetween peopleandthepolice,atthesametimeithelpsempowerneighborhoodsindangerofbeing overwhelmedbycrime,drugs,andthepoisonousmixofapathydespairandunrest"(AldersonJohn Cottingham,1979).Throughtheprocessthepublicplaysaveryimportantroleinpublicsafety problems.Thispaperfocusontheneedofpolicingwithinourcommunity.

CommunityPolicinghistory

TheUnitedStatepoliceforceshavetriedseveralmethodstoensurepublicsafety,"fromhotspots policingtoordermaintenancestrategies".However,citizensareremaineddissatisfiedwithlaw enforcementauthoritiesandtheirunsuccessfultoreducecrimeintheircommunity.

CommunitypolicingcanbetracedwaybacktoSirRobertPeelIn1829thefoundationof communitypolicingwasbuiltfromtheLondonMetropolitanPolice ...Getmorecontent...

TheProsAndConsOfCommunityPolicing

InordertodeconstructanddemilitarizepolicingintheUnitedStateswillrequirelawenforcementto firstestablishanewcultureofserviceandcommitmenttomodernizingwithemphasison developingawayfromtheparamilitarybureaucracycurrentlyinplace.Thisstructurereaffirmsthe closedculture,thusmaintainingthemindsetthatprofessionalpoliceofficersaredomesticsoldier–bureaucratsratherthanthinkingprofessionalswhomakesounddecisionsratherthandrones followingordersofsuperiors(Stamper,2005p.160).Theadvantagesofmovingawayfromthe paramilitarismtothedesirablecommunity–policingmodelallowemployees(officers)more autonomyinsolvingproblemswhilealsogivingcommunitystakeholdersinputisnottheshow morecontent...

Paramountamongthedisadvantagesisthewaythemilitarizedstructurecultivatesethicalabuses throughprotectingmediocrepoorperformanceandrejectsaccountability(Stamper,2005).Itis readilyclearlawenforcementisnoteradicatingcrimeandsolvingallsocietalillsthrough enforcementInthisregard,societymustholdlawenforcementaccountableforitspoor performance.Anewwayofdoingbusinessmustfocusonhumanizedlawenforcementthatis accountabletoitscitizenry.Additionally,agenciesmustcommittoanewmodelandsupportchange byredevelopingfirstlinesupervisionthroughpromotingthosewhoshowsincereunderstandingand commitmentthenewmodelreinforcingpositiveinteractionswithemployeeswhilecontinuingto workanddevelopthosewhostrugglewiththenewconcept(Stojkovic,2015)Thoselaw enforcementsupervisors,managers,andleaderswhocannotdeveloptheirinterpersonalskillsand treatemployeeslikeprofessionalsshouldberemediated.Iftheydonotadjustafterremedial training,theorganizationmustfirethemandcontinuetoseekoutanddevelopthosewhosubscribe tothedecentralizedmodel.Allowingtheworkforcetheabilitytoinfluencethehandlingofdaily workisparamounttoinfluencingtheculturalchangeawayfromcentralizationtodecentralization, andthischangewillrequireadramaticshiftofpowerthatwilldestabilizetheorganizational bureaucracy(Matthews,2009).Theindustryisapeople–orientedserviceindustryandestablishing thevisionandcultureofdeliveringserviceisthekeytosatisfactionatall

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Severalstudieshavecheckedthecomparesofcitizenvolunteerismincrimepreventionprograms, butasmallnumberofstudieshavethoroughlycomparedcommunity–orientedpolicing(COP) programs.Inaprogressivesociety,lawenforcementshouldembodynumerouswaysthatseekto curbcrime.Policeworkandcommunitypolicingworkintandembecausebothareaimedat improvingpublicsafety

Thephilosophybehindcommunitypolicingrecognizesthatthemembersofacommunityare importantandengagingtheminlawenforcementactivitiescouldhelptolowercrimerate.Itis overwhelmingwhenpoliceofficershavetocarryouttheirlawenforcementdutiesandstillanswer tocommunitypolicingcallsforservice.However,thisgridlockcomesaboutbecausetherelacksa perspectivewhenitcomescommunitypolicing.Viewingcommunitypolicingasapartnership betweenthemembersofpublicandlawenforcementofficerscanbeagreatwaytoovercomethese challenges(Lawrence,&McCarthy,2013).Insucha...showmorecontent...

Thispartnershipalsotakesoffahugeburdenofworkfromthehandsofthepoliceofficersmakingit easierforthemtorestandengageinotherpersonalmattersbeforetheycanresumework.This methodcanworkeffectivelyinareaswherethereisashortageofpoliceofficers.Bytraining membersofthecommunityonhowtogatherinformationforinvestigationpurposes,aswellasto respondtonon–violentcrimes,ittakesawayalotofworkthatcouldhavetiedthepoliceofficers downSuchpartnershipsarecrucialforcommunitypolicingtoworkSuccessfulcommunity partnershipsgobeyondsharinginformationormaintainingcontact(Lawrence,&McCarthy,2013). Theyembodyendlesseffortstoworktogethermeaningfullytoaddresssecurityproblemsaffecting the

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